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SYNOPTICAL 

FLORA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 

Vol.  I. —  Paet  I. 
Fascicles  I  and  II. 

POLYPETAL/E    KHOM    THE    IvANUNCULACE^    TO    THE    Poi.YGALACEJ-:. 
(TllALAMIKLOH.E    KT    DlSCIFI.OK^E.) 

By  ASA   GRAY,  LL.D., 

LATE    FISHEK   PROFESSOli   OF   NATURAL   HISTORY    (bOTANY)    IS    HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 

AND   OTHERS. 

Edited  by 
BENJAMIN   LINCOLN   ROBINSON,  Ph.D., 

CURATOR   OF  THE   GRAY    HERBARIUM    OF   HARVARD   UNIVEICSITV. 


1895-1897. 


NEW   YORK,  CIXCIXNATI.  AND   Oil I(" AGO: 

AMERICAN    BOOK    COMPANY. 

CAMBRIDGE,  MASS.:   CAMBRIDGE   BOTANICAL   SUPPLY  COMPANY 

LONDON:   WM.  WESLEY   &  SON,  28  ESSEX   ST.,  STRAND. 

LEIPSrC:   ORV/ALD    WEIGEL 


Fascicle!. 

Ranunculace^  to  Fkaxkkniace^k  (pages  i-ix,  and  1-208). 
Issued  Octouei-  10,  1895. 

Copyright,  1895, 

By  the  President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  Collkge. 


Fascicle  II. 

Caryoi'hyllace^  to  Polygalace^   (pages  x-xv,  and  208-."<oti). 
Issued  June  10,  1897. 

Copyright,  1S97, 
Uy  the  President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  Colleuk. 


2Snib£rsitg  iSrtss :  . 
John  Wilson  and  Son,  CAMBBin(;K.  U.S.A. 


PREFACE. 


Of  the  Synoptical  Flora  of  North  America  Dr.  Gray  published, 
in  1878,  Volume  11.  Part  1,  comprising  the  gamopetalous  ordei-s  after 
the  Composite^,  and  following  rather  closely,  in  the  sequence  and  limita- 
tion of  orders,  Bentham  &  Hooker's  Genera  Plantaruim.  The  object 
in  thus  beginning  with  the  second  portion  of  the  work  was  to  monograph 
first  such  orders  as  had  not  been  treated  in  Torrey  &  Gray's  Flora  of 
North  Aisierica..  This  earlier  work,  published  Ijetween  1838  and  1843, 
included  the  polypetalous  orders  of  North  America  and  the  Gamo'pctalcD 
through  the  Compositce.  In  planning  the  Synoptical  Flora,  Dr.  Gray 
left  the  orders  thus  treated  to  form  the  subject  matter  of  Volume  I.  In 
1884,  he  published  Part  2  of  tliis  first  volume,  incluchng  the  GamopctalcK 
from  the  Caprifoliacece  through  the  Compositce.  In  1886,  the  two  por 
tions,  thus  published,  were  revised  and  amplified  by  Dr.  Gray,  and 
reissued  by  the  Smitlisonian  Institution.     K  \  S  c  e  \\  a  \v  (.  o \a  ^     ^  0  \  •  V .  "^  \ 

In  his  last  years  Dr.  Gray  was  engaged  in  monographing  the  earlier 
polypetalous  orders  for  Volume  I.  Part  1.  In  this  work  he  had  finished 
at  the  time  of  his  death  most  of  the  orders  to,  but  not  including,  the 
Leguminosce.  The  treatment  of  several  large  groups,  however,  sucli  as 
the  CrucAfcrcv^  CaryopkyUacece,  Hypericaceoe,  Rhamnacece^  &c.,  liad  for 
various  reasons  been  deferred.  After  Dr.  Gray's  death  tlie  AAork  was 
continued  by  Dr.  Sereno  Watson,  who  prepared  eleven  genera  of  the 
Cruclferce,  including  several  of  the  largest  and  most  diilieult  of  tlie  order. 
After  the  death  of  Dr.  Watson,  in  1892,  the  work  was  intrusted  to  the 
present  editor. 

The  time  which  has  necessarily  elapsed  since  the  inception  of  the  work 
by  Dr.  Gray  and  the  very  considerable  botanical  activity  throughout  our 


iv  TKEFACE. 

country  have  made  it  necessary  to  annotate  and  to  some  extent  to  revise 
the  portions  written  by  Drs.  Gray  and  Watson.  Every  effort,  however, 
has  been  made  to  indicate  the  place  and  extent  of  such  alterations,  and, 
wherever  consistent  with  the  brevity  necessary  in  the  work,  to  show  the 
nature  of  the  original  manuscript  and  reason  for  change.  Both  Dr.  Gray 
and  Dr.  Watson,  in  the  course  of  theii-  i)reparation  of  the  present  work, 
issued  from  time  to  time  preliminary  papers,  such  as  their  revisions  of 
the  genera  Ranunculus,  Delphinium,  Asimina,  Viola,  Lesquerella,  Draha, 
&c.,  so  that  their  views  upon  these  groups  are  already  to  a  considerable 
extent  known  to  science.  The  editor  has  therefore  felt  somewhat  greater 
liberty  in  revising  the  manuscript  of  such  groups  in  the  light  of  later 
literature  and  recent  collections..  All  species  of  wliich  the  names  or 
descriptions  have  been  altered  in  any  way,  as  well  as  recent  species 
which  have  been  inserted  by  the  editor,  are  marked  with  the  asterisk  (*). 
The  authorship  of  the  different  groups  is  indicated  at  the  beginning  of 
each  order.  For  additional  clearness  in  the  Cruciferce,  the  authorship  is 
also  given  in  each  genus. 

In  the  citation  of  authorities  and  of  literature,  as  well  as  in  the  matter 
of  nomenclature,  the  present  issue  has  been  made  as  far  as  possible  to 
conform  to  the  portions  of  the  work  already  published.  Well  known 
generic  names  have  in  some  cases  been  conserved  on  the  ground  of  usage, 
notwithstanding  technical  lack  of  priority.  This  is  especially  the  case 
with  names  which  have  received  the  recent  indorsement  of  the  botanists 
of  Kew  and  Berlin.  In  the  matter  of  specific  names,  the  aim  has  been 
to  follow  the  so-called  Kew  Rule,  except  where  it  leads  to  indefiniteness. 
The  recent  efforts  .to  place  botanical  nomenclature  upon  a  different  basis 
have  led  to  the  hasty  restoration  in  American  botany  of  a  considerable 
number  of  names,  such  as  Ncckeria,  Capnorchis,  Bcurera,  &c.,  which  have 
been  again  as  quickly  abandoned.  The  detailed  citation  of  these  names, 
■and  the  numerous  combinations  to  which  they  have  led,  forms  no  part  of 
Dr.  Gray's  original  plan,  shown  by  the  following  words  from  his  fu-st 
Preface :  "  Compactness  being  essential,  only  the  leading  synomymy  and 
most  important  references  are  given,  and  these  briefly."  An  effort  has 
been  made,  however,  to  cite  as  synonyms  such  names  as  are  at  present 
indorsed  by  the  Rochester  and  Madison  Rules,  and  are  included  in  the 


PREFACE.  V 

recently  issued  '  List  of  Pteridophyta  and  Spermatophyta  growing  with- 
out cultivation  in  Northeastern  North  America,'  that  is,  if  such  names 
do  not  coincide  with  those  in  the  text. 

A  second  fascicle  of  the  Flora  will  be  issued  at  an  early  date,  includ- 
ing the  remaining  polypetalous  orders  to  the  Zeguminosce.  To  complete 
Dr.  Gray's  manuscript  of  this  second  portion  of  the  work  the  following 
specialists  have  most  kindly  consented  to  co-operate  with  the  editor : 
President  J.  M.  Coulter  {Hypericacece)^  Professor  Wm.  Trelease  (Linacece, 
Uicinece,  Geraniacece^  Ehamnacecv,  and  Celastracece),  and  Professor  L. 
H.  Bailey  {Vitacece).  For  temporary  convenience  a  generic  index  is 
appended  to  the  present  issue,  but  the  second  fascicle  will  contain  a  full 
specific  and  synonymic  index,  as  well  as  title  page  for  both  parts,  which 
may  be  conveniently  bound  together. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  acknowledge  the  cordial  support  and  friendly 
assistance  of  the  botanists  throughout  the  country,  who,  by  contributing 
valuable  specimens  and  notes,  have  added  greatly  to  the  fulness  and 
accuracy  of  the  present  work.  The  names  of  such  contributoi-s  are 
frequently  mentioned  in  the  text,  and  to  all  heartfelt  thanks  are  here- 
with tendered.  For  permission  to  make  free  use  of  the  rich  collections 
and  libraries  of  Columbia  College,  the  Pliiladelphia  Academy  of  Natui*al 
Sciences,  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  the  National  Museum,  the 
editor  is  especially  indebted  to  Professor  N.  L.  Britton  of  New  York 
City,  the  late  John  II.  Redfield,  Esq.,  Messrs.  Thomas  Meehan  and 
Stewardson  Brown,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Mr.  F.  V.  Coville,  of  Washing- 
ton, respectively.  Specimens  of  various  difficult  groups  have  also  been 
lent  by  Professor  John  Macoun,  Government  Naturalist  of  Canada,  and 
Mr.  J.  M.  Macoun,  Curator  of  the  Government  Herbarium  at  Ottawa, 
by  Professor  L.  H.  Pammel,  of  the  Agricultural  College,  Ames,  Iowa, 
Professor  W.  W.  Bailey  and  Mr.  J.  F.  Collins,  of  Brown  Univei-sity, 
as  well  as  from  the  extensive  private  collections  of  Messrs.  J.  Donnell 
Smith,  W.  M.  Canby,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  T.  S.  Brandegee,  Messrs.  Walter 
Deane,  E.  L.  Rand,  and  Theodor  Holm,  to  all  of  whom  grateful  acknoM  1- 
edgment  is  made.  The  labor  of  preparing  for  press  the  manuscript  of 
the  present  issue  has  been  greatly  lightened  by  the  very  efficient,  and 
painstaking  clerical  and  bibliographical  work  of  Miss  Mary  A.  Day, 


librarian  of  the  Gray  Herbarium.  Regarding  the  material  support  ^^'llicll 
has  made  it  possible  to  continue  tins  work,  it  is  a  pleasure  again  to 
express  grateful  appreciation  of  the  liberality  of  the  '  Visiting  Commits 
tee  of  the  BoUinic  Garden  and  Herbarium  of  Harvard  University.' 

THE  EDITOR." 

Cambridge,  September,  1895. 


SYNOPTICAL 
FLORA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


CLASS  I.    DICOTYLEDOKES  ANGIOSPERME^. 
Division  L    POLYPETALOUS  DICOTYLEDONOUS  PLANTS. 

Pehianth  of  both  calyx  and  corolla,  the  latter  of  separate  petals. 
(Exceptions  numerous,  especially  by  the  absence  of  the  petals,  rarely  by 
their  union.) 

General  Key  to  the  Orders. 

*  Thalamiflor^.  Stamens  free  from  the  calyx  and  ovary,  hypogynous 
(epigyuous  in  some  Nymphceaceee  ;  perigynous  in  some  Resedace<Sj  and  iu 
the  genus  Eschscholtzia)  :  ovary  superior  :  receptacle  usually  small,  rarely 
developed  into  a  discoid  expansion  {P<xonia,  and  some  Capparidacete),  or 
glandular  {Resedacece),  occasionally  elongated  and  columnar  or  (iu  Ntjm- 
phceacece)  much  enlarged,  cup-like,  and  enclosing  the  carpels. 

4-  Stamens  free,  usually  indefinite,  when  definite  opposite  the  inner  divisions 
of  the  perianth.  Carpels  solitary  or  distinct  (cohering  in  the  MnynoUarcce, 
and  embedded  in  the  fleshy  receptacle  or  sometimes  connate  in  the  Niini- 
phceacece). 

1.  RANUNCULACE^.  Sepals  3  to  5  (rarely  more  numerous  or  indefinite),  often 
petaloid.  Petals  as  many,  alternating  with  the  sepals,  or  wanting.  Stamens 
usually  numerous  ;  anthers  innate.  Carpels  distinct,  often  numerous,  sometimes 
solitary,  in  fruit  achenial,  follicular,  or  rarely  baccate.  Ovules  1  to  several,  anaN 
ropous.  Seeds  not  arillate ;  albumen  tough  or  horny ;  embryo  minute.  Herbs 
or  shrubby  climbers.  •      • 

2.  MAGNOLIACE^.  Leaves  simple,  alteruate,  pirinately  veined.  Flowers  usually 
large.  Sepals  and  petals  imbricated  in  3  or  more  series,  usually  indefinite  and 
passing  into  each  other.  Stamens  with  rare  exceptions  indefinite.  Carpels  cdlu-r- 
ing  in  a  conical  dry  or  somewhat  fleshy  fruit.  Embryo  small.  Trees  and  shrubs, 
rarely  climbing. 


ii     GENERAL  KEY  TO  THE  POLYPETALOUS  ORDERS. 

ANOXACE^.  Leaves  simple,  alternate,  pinnately  veined,  exstipulate.  Sepals  3, 
valvate,  often  coriaceous.  Petals  6  in  2  dissimilar  series.  Stamens  indefinite ; 
anthers  extrorse.  Carpels  free  or  more  or  less  coalescent  at  maturity.  Ovules  1 
to  several,  anatropous.  Seeds  large,  usually  transverse  in  the  piilpy  fruit.  Small 
trees  or  shrubs. 

MENISPERMACEvE.  Leaves  alternate,  exstipulate,  usually  palraately  veined 
or  lobed.  Flowers  small,  dioecious,  3-4-merous.  Floral  envelopes  imbricated  in 
bud.  Sepals,  petals,  and  stamens  commonly  biseriate,  6  (or  more)  of  each. 
Carpels  3  to  6,  distinct,  uniovulate,  berry-like  but  drupaceous  in  fruit.  Putanieu 
with  a  curved  cavity.  Seeds  with  scanty  albumen  and  elongated  crescent-shaped 
or  annular  embryo.     Woody  climbers. 

BERBERIDACEiE.  Leaves  alternate,  stipulate  or  with  a  stipule-like  dilation  at 
the  base  of  the  petioles.  Floral  envelopes  imbricated  in  bud.  Sepals,  petals,  and 
stamens  commonly  (i,  in  two  series  each,  the  petals  opposite  the  sepals  and  stamens 
(sepals  uniseriate  in  Jeffersonia).  Anthers  dehiscing  by  uplifted  valves  (except  in 
Podophyllum).  Carpel  single;  ovules  anatropous.  Seeds  with  albumen  ;  embryo 
straight  or  nearly  so.     Shrubs  or  herbs. 

NYMFPLEACE.E.  Leaves  cordate  or  peltate,  involute  in  vernation.  Flowers 
solitary,  axillary,  pedunculate  or  scapose.  Sepals  3  to  4  or  6.  Petals  when  definite 
of  the  same  number,  but  usually  indefinite  and  numerous,  imbricated  in  several 
spiral  series,  often  intergrading  with  the  sepals  or  stamens.  Stamens  except  in 
the  Cabombece  indefinite  and  numerous.  Carpels  3  to  many,  indehiscent,  free  or 
immersed  in  a  fleshy  receptacle  or  more  or  less  coalescent  into  a  fleshy  fruit. 
Ovules  solitary  and  pendulous  or  covering  the  walls  of  the  cell,  not  springing 
from  the  ventral  suture.  Seeds  arillate  or  not,  with  or  without  albumen.  Em- 
bryo with  thickish  cotyledons,  sliort  radicle,  and  well  developed  plumule.  Aquatic 
herbs. 

-t-  -i-  Carpels  2  to  many,  more  or  less  completely  united  (distinct  at  maturity 
in  Platystemon)  ;  ovary  unilocular  with  parietal  placentae  or  divided  by  a 
false  partition  or  more  rarely  completely  several-celled  with  axial  pla- 
centaj  {Sarraceniacece,  and  sometimes  in  Papaveracecc,  Capparidaceie,  and 
Bixacece). 
++  Stamens  free,  numerous  (sometimes  subdefinite  in  Platystigma)  :  sepals  2 
to  5,  imbricated :  petals  equal  in  number  or  more  numerous,  alike,  rarely 
wanting  :  seeds  exalbuminous  with  minute  embryo  near  the  hilum  :  flowers 
regular :  leaves  alternate  or  radical. 

SARRACENTACEiE.  Sepals  5,  ]iersistent.  Petals  (in  ours)  .5.  Anthers  versar 
tile.  Style  (in  ours)  dilated  at  the  summit  and  pentagonal  or  5-fid.  Ovary  (in 
ours)  5-locular.  Bog  plants  with  tubular  trumpet-shaped  or  ewer-formed  leaves 
(phyllodia). 

PAPAVERACE-S].  Sepals  2  to  4,  caducous.  Petals  usually  more  numerous. 
Anthers  innate.  Ovary  unilocular  or  rarely  many-celled  by  the  intrusion  of  the 
placentaj-bearing  sutures. 

++  -H-  Stamens  definite,  usually  6,  diadelphous  or  tetradynamous :    carpels  2  : 
herbaceous  or  rarely  suffrutescent  plants  with  alternate  leaves. 


GENERAL   KEY   TO   THE   POIATETALOUS   ORDERS.  LX 

9.  FUMARIACE^.  Flowers  dimerous,  or  uiisymmetrical.  Sepals  2.  Petals  4, 
(in  ours)  erect  and  connivent  in  two  dissimilar  pairs.  Stamens  (in  ours)  C,  in 
two  groups  of  3  each.     Ovary  1-celled. 

10.  CRUCIFER/E:  Flowers  regular  (except  sometimes  in  Slre.ptanlhus).  Sepals  4. 
Petals  4,  rarely  wanting.  Stamens  (J  (rarely  4,  or  only  2),  tetradynaraous.  Ovary 
with  few  exceptions  2-celled  by  a  false  partition.  Seeds  with  embryo  usually 
folded. 

++++++  Stamens  indefinitely  numerous  or  subdefinite  but  not  diadelphous 
nor  tetradjnamous:  seeds  reniform,  exalbuminous,  with  curved  embryo; 
cotyledons  incumbent :  leaves  alternate,  often  palmate  or  dissected. 

11.  CAPPARIDACExE.  Floral  envelopes  4-raerous,  usually  regular.  Stamens  6  to 
many.  Ovary  1-celled  (2-celled  in  Wislizenia  and  Oxystylis),  often  stipitate,  with 
2  or  rarely  more  parietal  placentae.  Leaves  entire  or  more  commonly  pakuately 
compound. 

12.  RESEDACE^E.  Flowers  small,  irregular.  Sepals  herbaceous,  4  to  7  (or  8), 
more  or  less  unequal.  Petals  2  to  6,  commonly  cleft  or  toothed.  Stamens  3  to 
many,  unsymmetrical,  or  declhied,  somewhat  i^erigynous  or  borne  upon  an  oblique 
discoid  expansion  of  the  torus.  Capsules  3-6-lobed,  1-celled;  placentae  3  to  (1. 
Introduced  herbs,  with  entire  dentate  or  laciniate  leaves. 

++  +H-  ++  ++  Stamens  indefinitely  num»irous  or  definite  ( Violacece) :  seeds 
albuminous  and  with  rather  large  embryo  (except  in  Canellacece).  Fruit 
when  dehiscent  splitting  between  the  placent.ie  :  leaves  undivided  or  rarely 
palmately  lobed,  opposite  or  alternate  :  stipules  often  present. 

13.  CIST  AC  E^.  Flowers  regular,  3-5-merous.  Stamens  usually  numerous,  free; 
anthers  introrse.  Ovary  1-celIed  or  imperfectly  septate  ;  placentas  parietal,  3  to  5. 
Ovules  orthotropous.     Leaves  entire.     Usually  low  shrubby  plants. 

14.  VIOLACEiE.  Floral  envelopes  5-merous,  irregular.  Stamens  5;  filaments 
short  or  none ;  the  subsessile  anthers  connivent  or  connate  by  the  union  of  their 
prolonged  connectives.  Carpels  3.  Style  and  stigma  simple;  ovary  unicellular 
with  3  placentae  ;  ovules  anatropous.     Fruit  a  3-valved  capsule.     Ours  all  herbs. 

15.  CAXELLACEJE.  Flowers  regular.  Sepals  (in  ours)  3  and  petals  5.  Stamens 
monadelphous ;  anthers  cxtrorse.  Ovary  1-celled ;  carpels  2  to  4 ;  fruit  baccate. 
Seeds  campylotropous  or  anatropous.     Trees  with  entire  punctate  aromatic  leaves. 

16.  BIXACEiE.  Flowers  regular,  perfect  or  unisexual.  Sepals  2  to  6,  in  ours  5. 
Petals  as  many,  rarely  tnore  numerous  or  none,  in  ours  5.  Stamens  indefinite  (in 
certain  foreign  genera  definite).  Carpels  2  to  many.  Ovary  1-celled,  or  in  ours 
3-celleds  ovules  amplutropous  or  anatropous.  Trees,  shrubs  (tropical)  or  ours 
low  herbs  or  scarcely  shrubby,  with  alternate  sometimes  palmatifid  leaves. 

17.  FRANKENIACE.E.  Floral  envelopes  regular,  perfect,  4-5(-G)-merous.  C'alj-x 
tubular,  persistent.  Petals  unguiculate.  Stamens  5  to  many,  free  or  slightly 
connate  at  the  base.  Ovary  1-celled ;  placentae  2  to  4 ;  ovules  anatropous.  SaUne 
herbs  or  low  shrubs  with  opposite  leaves  and  small  flowers. 

^  ^_  -H-  Carpels  2  to  many  (very  rarely  solitary),  united ;  ovary  unicellular 
or  partially  septate  at  the  base  or  in  most  Ficoide<e.  completely  several - 
colled  ;  placenta?  axial  or  basal  (in  Fouquieria  parietal  but  so  strongly  in- 


X       GENERAL  KEY  TO  THE  POLYPETALOUS  ORDERS. 

truded  as  to  appear  axial  in  a  septate  ovary,  in  Mesemhryanthermim  becoming 
parietal  through  secondary  changes  in  the  ovary)  :  stamens  mostly  definite, 
less  frequently  cc ;  filaments  free  or  slightly  united  at  the  base,  hypogynous 
or  in  many  Ficoidece  and  the  genus  Fouquieria  distinctly  perigynous. 

++  Embryo  (witli  rare  exceptions)  peripheral  and  curved  about  more  or  less 
copious  albumen  :  herbs  or  rarely  shrubs. 

18.  CARY^OPHYLLACE^.  Flowers  perfect  or  through  abortion  polygamo-dioe-. 
cious,  commonly  dichlamydeous  ;  floral  envelopes  regular,  4-.5-merous.  Calyx  either 
gamosepalous  (Tribe  I.)  or  of  distinct  sepals.  Petals  as  many  as  the  sepals  or 
calyx-lobes  (rarely  fewer  or  none),  either  unguiculate  and  often  coronate  (Tribe  I.) 
or  sessile  and  uuappendaged,  either  entire  or  more  or  less  deeply  bifid  or  laciniate. 
Stamens  as  many  or  twice  as  many  as  the  petals  or  rarely  of  some  irregular  num- 
ber but  never  more  numerous.  Carpels  2  to  5;  styles  distinct  or  (Tribe  III.) 
united  below  ;  ovary  free,  completely  unilocular  or  partially  septate  from  the  base  ; 
embryo  curved  about  the  albumen  (straight  in  Dianthus  and  Tunica).  Leaves 
opposite  or  verticillate,  entire  or  nearly  so.     Scarious  stipules  sometimes  present. 

19.  FICOIDECE.  Calyx  regular,  persistent  (in  N.  American  species),  4-5-lobed  or 
-divided,  free  or  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  ovary.  Petals  (modified  stamens) 
in  Mesembnjanthemum  numerous,  narrow,  in  other  X.  American  genera  wanting. 
Stamens  either  hypogynous  or  perigynous,  few  or  many,  when  as  many  as  the 
calyx-divisions  alternate  with  them,  when  numerous  often  slightly  united  near  the 
base  into  phalanges.  Cells  of  the  ovary  (except  in  Cypselea  and  sometimes  in 
Trianthema)  2  or  more,  with  as  many  styles  or  free  stigmas;  placentae  axial  or 
basal,  but  in  most  species  of  Mesemhryanthemum  soon  appearing  parietal  through  a 
strong  secondary  radial  or  at  length  cupulate  development  of  the  base  of  the 
ovary.  Fruit  capsular  or  (in  Tetragonid)  indehiscent.  Leaves  opposite  (when 
often  unequal),  pseudoverticillatei  or  (in  Telragonid)  alternate.  Scarious  stipules 
sometimes  present. 

20.  PORTULACACE^.  Flowers  regular  or  nearly  so,  perfect.  Sepals  (except  in 
some  species  of  Lewisia)  2,  free  or  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  ovary,  mostly  ovate 
or  orbicular.  Petals  mostly  5,  sometimes  fewer  or  none,  very  rarely  more  numer- 
ous, free  or  sometimes  (in  Montia,  Calyptridium,  and  Calandrinia)  more  or  less  con- 
nate at  the  base,  often  deliquescent  or  fugacious.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals 
and  opposite  them  or  sometimes  more  numerous  and  indefinite,  but  rarely  fewer. 
Ovary  superior  or  (in  Portulaca)  half  inferior,  1-celled ;  stigmas  (2  to)  3 ;  ovules 
(1  to)  3  to  oc,  on  central  placentae.  Fruit  a  circumscissile  or  (2-)3-valved  capsule. 
Leaves  entire,  opposite  (rarely  whorled)  or  alternate,  often  fleshy.  Stipules  when 
present  scarious,  often  laciniate. 

++  ++  Seeds  hairy  or  wing-appendaged,  with  straight  embryo  and  little  or  no 
albumen. 

21.  TAMARISCINEJD.  Flowers  regular,  perfect  (rarely  in  foreign  species  dioe- 
cious). Sepals  4  or  5,  distinct  or  nearly  so,  imbricated.  Petals  as  many,  free  or 
(in  Fouquieria)  united  into  a  4-5-lobed  tube.  Stamens  (4  to)  .5  or  10  orcc,  inserted 
beneath  and  outside  of  a  hypogjaious  or  nearly  hj-pogynous  disk.  Ovary  free,  uni- 
locular, but  in  Fouquieria  almost  divided  by  the  strongly  intruded  placentae  ;  styles 
and  valves  of  (he  capsule  3  to  .5. 


RANUNCULACE.E.  1 

<h 

Order  I.     RANUNCULACE^E. 

By  a.  Gray. 

[Descriptions  of  species  and  varieties  of  recent  publication,  which  have  been  inserted,  a.s  well  as 
those  modified  by  the  editor,  in  the  light  of  literature  and  collections  suVisequent  to  the  preiiaratioii 
of  the  original  manuscript,  are  market  1  by  asterisks  (*).] 

Herbs,  or  some  woody  plants,  with  acrid  colorless  juice.  All  the  parts  of  tlic 
flower  distinct  and  free  (hypogynous,  except  Pceoniece),  with  carpels  not  uncom- 
monly and  stamens  mostly  indefinitely  numerous,  even  the  sepals  or  petals  some- 
times more  than  the  normal  four  or  five,  the  former  very  often  petaloid,  the 
latter  in  a  large  majority  of  the  genera  either  wanting  or  rudimentary  or  con- 
verted into  nectaries.  Anthers  continuous  with  the  filament.  Ovules  solitary  or 
several,  anatropous.  No  disk  nor  arillus  except  in  the  last  tribe.  Seeds  con- 
taining a  hard  albumen,  with  a  minute  or  small  embryo  at  its  base  :  cotyle- 
dons usually  very  short.  Base  of  petiole  commonly  dilated  and  thin,  often 
stipule-like. 

Tribe  I.  CLEMATIDE^E.  Sepals  (normally  4)  valvate  in  the  bud,  the  margins 
often  induplicate.  Petals  none  or  small,  transitional  into  stamens.  Stamens 
numerous,  with  adnaLe  anthers.  Carpels  numerous  in  a  head,  long-styled,  in  fruit 
akenes.  Seed  suspended :  rhaphe  dorsal.  Herbs,  or  when  cliiuV>ing  often  woody, 
with  leaves  all  opposite  ! 

1 .  CLEMATIS.     Essentially  the  only  genus. 

Tribe  II.  ANEMONEiE.  Sepals  few  or  numerous  (3  or  4  to  20),  imbricated  in 
the  bud,  petaloid,  or  at  least  not  green.  Stamens  for  the  most  part  indefinitely 
numerotis.  Carpels  numerous,  or  occasionally  few,  capitate  or  spicate,  one-ovuled, 
in  fruit  akenes  or  utricles.  Herbs,  with  alternate  leaves,  or  with  uppermost 
opposite  or  whorled,  never  climbing.  {AnemonecB  and  Ranunculem  of  authors.) 
*   Petals  none,  rarely  some  petaloid  sterile  stamens  (staminodes) :  ovule  and  seed  suspended  : 

rhaphe  dorsal. 
-1—  Cauline  or  involucral  leaves  opposite  or  whorled :  peduncles  solitary  or  umbellate,  one- 
flowered  :  sepals  petaloid :  fruit  of  true  akenes. 

2.  ANEMONE.  Stigma  introrse-unilateral  from  the  .<!nmmit  of  the  subulate  or  filiform 
style.     Leaves  compound  or  dissected ;  cauline  ones  or  involucre  distant  from  the  flower. 

3.  HEPATICA  Stigma  introrse-unilateral  on  the  short  subulate  style.  Involucre  close  to 
the  flower  aud  simulating  a  trisepalous  calyx  .  true  leaves  only  radical  and  simply  lobed. 

4.  ANEMONELLA.  Stigma  strictly  terminal,  broad  and  depressed,  at  flowering  time 
subsessile.  Akenes  terete,  angulate-costate,  4  to  1."),  on  a  small  receptacle.  Radical  le.aves 
and  involucre  compound,  the  latter  subtending  an  umbel  of  flowers. 

-»—  -I—  All  the  leaves  alternate,  none  involucral  •  inflorescence  ]>aiiiculate,  cymo.se,  or  racomo.sc  : 
flowers  more  commonly  unisexual :  akenes  sometimes  ntricnlar. 

5.  THALICTRUM.  Sepals  completely  or  incompletely  petaloid.  Akenes  not  very  mi- 
merou.^^,  .sometimes  few .  receptacle  small.  Stigma  unilateral  on  the  style  or  sessile  aiul 
elongated. 

*    *   Petals  none :  sepals  petaloid,  caducous :  ovule  and  seed  a.scending  from  near  bH.«se  of 
the  cell :  rhaphe  ventral :  akenes  utricular :  leaves  all  alternate. 

6.  TRAUTVETTERIA.  Sepals  3  to  .5,  broad,  concave,  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Stamens 
nuHK^rons  .  filatinMis  rl:iv:ilp     initlifis  didvinous,  pointless.     Utricuhu  akenes  20  or  more, 

1 


2  KAXU^X'ULACE.E. 

capitate  on  the  short  receptacle,  flolabriform-quadrangular  ami  with  a  strong  nerve  or  rib  at 
each  angle,  abruptly  tipped  by  the  sliort  introrsely  stigniatose  and  recurved  or  revolute  style. 
Seed  not  filling  the  cell.     Enibryu  one  third  the  leugth  of  the  firm  fleshy  albumen. 
*    *    ♦   I'etals  conspicuous  and  deciduous,  or  sometimes  deformed  or  reduced  to  nectaries, 

or  occasionally  wanting :  sejjals  3  to  8,  from  herbaceous  to  petaloid :  carpels  numerous, 

capitate  or  spicate,  in  fruit  akenes  or  sometimes  utricles. 

-1—  Ovule  and  seed  suspended :  rliaphe  dorsal. 

7.  ADONIS.  Sepals  and  (5  to  16)  petals  plane,  unappeudaged.  Stamens  numerous.  Akenes 
capitate  or  short-spicate. 

8.  MYOSURUS.  Sepals  5,  produced  dorsally  into  a  spur  or  appendage  at  base.  Petals  as 
many,  small  and  narrow,  raised  on  a  tubular-nectariferous  filiform  claw,  sometimes  merely 
staminodial  or  wliolly  wanting.  Stamens  5  to  20.  Akenes  very  numerous,  spicate  on  a 
filiform  receptacle,  to  which  they  are  ventrally  affixed,  somewhat  utricular,  but  the  back 
thickened  and  firm. 

•1—  -I—  Ovule  and  seed  ascending  from  the  inner  angle  of  the  cell  at  or  a  little  above  the 
base :  rhaphe  ventral. 

9.  RANUNCULUS.  Sepals  and  petals  plane,  normally  5 ;  the  latter  with  a  nectariferous 
spot  or  pit  within,  on  or  above  the  claw,  rarely  reduced  and  glandular.  Stamens  numerous 
or  occasionally  few.  Carpels  numerous  in  a  head,  rarely  few,  in  fruit>  coriaceous  akenes,  or 
in  some  utricular.     Calyx  and  corolla  usually  deciduous. 

Tribk  III.  HELLEBOREiE.  Sepals  few  or  several,  imbricated  in  the  bud,  petaloid, 
mostly  deciduous  or  caducous.  Petals  variously  shaped  and  nectariferous,  or 
reduced  to  staminodes,  or  wanting.  Cai-pels  several,  few,  or  solitary,  bearing 
from  one  to  many  pairs  of  horizontal  ovules  on  the  ventral  suture,  becoming 
follicles  or  in  two  genera  berries  in  fruit.  Herbs  (with  one  exception),  with 
alternate  leaves.     (Hellehorece  and  Cimicifugece  of  authors.) 

*   Ovules  more  than  a  single  pair. 
•*-  Sepals  only  tardily  deciduous,  regular :  petals  inconspicuous  nectaries,  or  slender,  or 
none  :  stigma  introrse :  flowers  not  racemose. 

10.  CALTHA.  Sepals  4  to  10,  broad,  widely  spreading.  Petals  none.  Tollicles  5  to  15 
(rarely  fewer,  or  still  more  numerous).  Ovules  and  seeds  indefinitely  numerous,  in  two  rows . 
rhaphe  becoming  almost  wing-like.     Leaves  simple,  cordate-rounded. 

11.  TROLLIUS.  Sepals  5  to  20,  broad,  ascending  and  incurved  or  in  ours  spreading. 
Petals  5  to  20,  fleshy,  ligulate  or  linear-spatulate,  with  a  nectariferous  pit  on  the  inner  face 
above  the  short  claw.  Follicles  5  to  20,  sessile.  Ovules  and  seeds  rather  numerous  in  two 
rows.    Leaves  palmately  lobed  or  dissected. 

12.  ISOPYRUM.  Sepals  5  or  6,  broad,  widely  spreading  Petals  .5,  small  and  nectariferous, 
but  wanting  in  American  species.  Follicles  2  to  20,  .sessile,  rarely  short-stipitate.  Ovules 
and  seeds  several  or  numerous,  or  in  one  species  reduced  to  3.  Leaves  1-3-ternatoly 
compound. 

13.  COPTIS.  Sepals  .5  to  7,  broad  or  narrow,  widely  spreading.  Petals  5  or  6,  unguicnlate 
and  cucullate  or  caudate.  Follicles  3  to  10,  slender-stipitate,  4-lOseeded.  Leaves  all  radical 
and  compound,  and  scapes  one-  or  iimbellately  few-flowered. 

13  a.  ERANTHIS.     Sepals  5  to  8,  narrow,  deciduous.     Petals  small  bilabiate  nectaries. 

Follicles  few,  stipitate,  several-seeded.     Radical  palmately  multifid  leaf  and  simple  scape 

from  a  globular  tuber ;  the  flower  surrounded  by  an  involucre  consisting  of  a  sessile  multifid 

leaf.     Only  adventive. 
13  b.  HELLEBORUS.     Sepals  5,  broad  and  spreading, /5e)-,s/.stoi<.     Petals  small  bilabiate 

nectaries.    Follicles  several,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  many-seeded.     Leaves  palmate  or  pedate. 

( )nly  adventive. 

-I-  -t—  Sepals  and  large  spur-shaped  nectariferous  petals  regular,  each  5 :  stigma  intror.se. 

14.  AQUILEGIA.  Sepals  oval  or  oblong.  Petals  with  small  limb,  produced  backward 
into  a  large  hoUnw  spur.     Stamens  indefinite,  some  inner  ones  sterile  with  dilated  filaments, 


IIANUXCULACE.E. 

or  reduced  scarious  scales.    Carpels  usually  5,  sessile,  witli  ininienms  ovules  iu  two  rows  .- 

styles    filiform,    above    introrsestigmatuse.      Seed-coat   crustaceoiis,   usually   smootii    and 

sliiuiiig. 

-t- -K- H- Sepals   (5)  and   petals  (2  or  4)  im-gular;  upper  one  of  the  former  spurred  or 

helmet-shaped  :  stamens  numerous:  stigma  introrse  :  follicles  1  to  5,  several-mauv-seeded, 

sessile,  styliferous. 

15.  DELPHINIUM.  Tpper  seiial  e.xtended  posteriorly  from  the  base  into  a  spur.  Petals 
4  in  two  pairs, or  the  lateral  pair  wanting;  these  with  a  small  spreading  lamina  on  a  claw  of 
about  equal  length;  upper  jjroduced  backward  into  nectariferous  spurs  witliiu  the  calv.v- 
spur,  iu  the  annual  species  the  two  united  into  one  body.     Follicles  1  to  5. 

16.  ACONITUM.  Upper  sepal  ample,  helmet-shaped  or  prolonged-saccate;  the  others 
plane,  lateral  larger  than  the  lower  pair.  Petals  only  2  (the  lateral  and  lower  either  wanting 
or  minute  rudiments),  reduced  to  very  long-unguiculate  hood-shaped  or  hammer-shaped 
nectaries  covered  by  the  up])er  sepal.     Follicles  3  to  5,  rarely  more. 

-1—  -1—  -1—  -t-  Sepals  3  to  5,  regular,  caducous  ;  petals  much  smaller,  plane,  unguiculate,  or 
reduced  to  staminodes,  le.ss  showy  than  the  white  numerous  stamens,  or  none :  stigma 
terminal  or  nearly  so  :  flowers  racemose  :  leaves  decompound.     (Cimicifugea:.) 

1 7.  CIMICIFUGA.  Carpels  few  or  solitary,  in  fruit  thin-walled  follicles.  Petals  or  .stami- 
nodes when  present  notched  or  2-cleft  at  top.  Flowers  iu  elongated  often  paniculately 
disposed  racemes. 

1 8.  ACT^ A.  Carpel  solitary,  sessile,  crowned  with  a  broad  and  obscurely  2-lobed  depressed 
stigma,  in  fruit  a  berry  filled  with  depressed  horizontal  seeds.  Petals  plane,  entire.  Flow- 
ers in  a  short  raceme. 

*  *  Ovules  a  single  pair :  flowers  regular :  roots  and  rootstocks  yellow,  bitter,  charged 
with  berberine.     (Xanthorrhizexe.) 

19.  HYDRASTIS.  Sepals  3,  petaloid,  very  caducous.  Petals  none.  Stamens  verv 
numerous,  white,  like  those  of  Ackea.  Carpels  15  to  20,  sessile  and  capitate:  style  siiort: 
stigma  terminal,  2-lipped.  Ovules  ascending,  at  first  collateral,  borne  on  the  middle  of  the 
placenta.  Fruit  baccate,  tlie  pulpy  red  1-2  seeded  carpels  compacted  in  a  globular  head  on 
an  oblong  receptacle,     llerl),  with  few  palmately  lobed  leaves  and  single  flower. 

20.  XANTHORRHIZA.  Sepals  5,  petaloid,  tardily  deciduous.  Petals  5,  small  and  gland- 
like,  consisting  of  a  rounded  and  2-lobed  fleshy  lamina  on  a  short  claw.  Stamens  5,  alternate 
with  the  petals  and  not  surpassing  them,  or  sometimes  more.  Carpels  5  to  10,  sessile, 
2-ovuled  about  the  middle,  tapering  into  a  subulate  style  with  intror.se  stigma,  in  fruit  oue- 
.seeded  oblong  follicles  of  gibbous  growth,  the  persistent  style  becoming  dorsal  and  the  .•*eed 
pendulous  from  the  apparent  apex.  Low  shrub,  with  pinnate  leaves  and  racemose-panicu- 
late flowers. 

Tribe  IV  (and  indeed  suborder).  P^ONFEiE.  A  perigynous  fleshj^  disk  adnate 
to  the  base  of  the  strongly  imbricated  persistent  calyx  or  concave  receptacle, 
bearing  the  large  plane  petals  and  numerous  stamens.  Carpels  few,  becoming 
coriaceous  many-seeded  follicles.  Style  short  or  none.  Sepals  and  petals  regular, 
mostly  5,  or  the  latter  of  ten  more  numerous.  Embryo  comparatively  large  in  firm 
fleshy  albumen.  Perennial  herbs  or  low  shrubs,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  no 
acridity. 

21.  P.S10NIA.  Stigma  introrse,  crest-like  and  rcvolute,  bilamellar.  Stamens  very  nu- 
merous :  anthers  entire  at  base.  Seeds  anatropous,  oval  or  olilong,  naked  at  biise  or  the 
very  short  fleshy  funiculus  cupulate,  the  coat  dispo.>«ed  to  be  externally  fleshy.  Embryo 
straight  or  .slightly  arcmite.  Herljs  with  tulierous  roots  or  shrubby,  with  ternately  compound 
or  divided  leaves. 

22.  CROSSOSOMA.  Stigma  terminal,  depre.^.<<eil-capitate,  emarginate.  Stamens  12  to 
30:  anthers  deeply  emarginate  at  base.  Follicles  1  to  6  (to  9),  when  solitary  stipitat«', 
otherwise  more  or  less  elevated  on  a  common  stipe.  Ovules  amphitrojjous.  Seeils  campylo- 
tropous  and  reniform,  crustaceous,  furnishe<l  with  a  fimbriate-multifid  fleshy  arillus  of  their 
own  length.     Embryo  semiannnlar.  little  shorter  than  the  firm  tleshy  albumen  :  cotyledons 


4  RANUNCULACEJE.  Clematis. 

1.  CL£IMATIS,  L.  (Name  in  Dioscorides,  from  KXi]fi.a,  a  twig,  early 
applied  to  this  genus.)  —  Perennial  herbs  or  more  or  less  woody  climb"e)-s  (climb- 
ing by  incurvation  and  gnisping  of  leafstalks),  of  wide  distribution,  the  large- 
flowered  species  hermaphrodite.  Sepals  in  native  plants  almost  always  4.  Styles 
elongated,  either  feathery  or  naked  iu  fruit.  The  cultivated  species  largely  hy- 
bridized.  Gen.  DO.  4G0;  DC.  Syst.  i.  131.     Clemutis  «fe  Afro  gene,  L.  Gen.  ed.5. 

§  1.  FlImmula,  DC,  partly.  Flowers  comparatively  small  and  commonly 
cymose-paniculate,  white  or  whitish:  sepals  petaloid  and  thin,  widely  spreading: 
no  petals:  persistent  styles  in  fruit  forming  long  plumose  tails:  anthers  blunt, 
mostly  short. 

*   Virgin's  Bowkk.     Half-wooily  climbers ;   the  flowering  shoots  from  uaked  buds,  dia;- 

cious;  sterile  flowers  more  showy,  having  bright  white  stamens;  fertile  with  a  series  of 

sterile  subnlat«  or  filiform  filaments  bearing  rudimentary  or  non-polliuiferous  anthers.  — 

All  the  American  species  and  more  are  referred  to  C.  dioica,  L.,  by  Kuntze,  Verh.  Bot. 

Brandenburg,  1885,  102. 

■*--  Panicles  floribund,  aud  peduncles  short :  leaves  once  or  twice  ternate  or  quinate  :  leaflets 

ovate  or  subcordate,  acute  or  acuminate,    mostly  incisely  few-lobed  or  toothed:    sepals 

about  a  third  inch  and  mature  fruit-tails  an  inch  and  a  half  long. 

C.  Virginiana,  L.    (Virgin's  Bower.)     Almost  glabrous:  leaves  simply  .3-foliolate  (very 

rarelv  pinnately  .5  foliolate) ;  leaflets  thin,  ovate  and  subcordate  (2  or  3  inches  h)ng),  incisely 

few-toothed  or  somewhat  lohed.  —  Amcen.  Acad.  iv.  275,  &,  Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  766  ;  V.  W.  Wats. 

Dendr.  t.  74;  Sprague  &  Goodale,  Wild  Flowers,  61,  t.  12.     V.  Virginicu,  I'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  384. 

C.  rordifoli'i,  Ma-nch,  Meth.  Suppl.  104.     C.  cordata,  Pursh,  1.  c,  unusual  state  with  some 

5-foliolate  leaves.  —  Low  grounds,  Nova  Scotia  to  Upper  Georgia,  west  to  Minnesota  and 

Winnipeg ;   fl.  summer. 

C.  Catesbyana,  Pprsh.    Pubescent  or  glabrate:  leaves  twice  ternately  divided,  and  leaflets 

(inch  or  tv.o  long)  commonly  3-lobed,  otherwise  entire  or  very  few-toothed,  occasionally  a 

leaf  only  quinate  by  the  confluence  of  lateral  leaflets ;  only  uppermost  simply  3-foliolate.  —  Fl. 

ii.  736  ;  DC.  Syst.  i.  142.     C.  holosericea,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  384,  founded  on  an  upper  leaf  ot  three 

leaflets  and  a  heatl  of  fruit  taken  from  herb.  Walter,  most  probably  of  this  species.  — Dry 

ground  along  and  near  the  coast,  S.  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Mississippi ;  i  fl.  late  summer,  in 

cult,  northward  not  before  October. 

C.  Plukenetii,  DC.  Syst.  i.  153,  which  has  been  referred  here,  founded  on  a  specimen  from 
Catesby,  is  obscure,  and  probably  not  of  United  States. 

C.*  ligusticifolia,  Nutt.  Pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous :  leaves  pinnately  5-7-foliolate,  or 
sometimes  lowest  pair  of  leaflets  again  trisected  :  leaflets  of  firmer  texture  than  in  the  pre- 
ceding, from  cordate-ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  from  3-lobed  and  incised  to  few-toothed  or 
nearly  entire,  also  very  variable  in  size:  carpels  numerous,  densely  silky -pubescent  with 
long  straight  hairs :  fruiting  heads  an  inch  and  a  half  or  two  inches  in  diameter  including 
the  tails.  — Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  9;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  3.  —  Saskatchewan 
to  New  Mexico,'^  to  Brit.  Columbia  and  S.  California.  Kuns  into  many  forms :  vars.  breui- 
foUa,  Nutt.,  hrncteata,  TOrr.,  Californica,  Wats.,  &c.,  which  are  not  distinctly  definable.* 
C*  Suksdorfii,  Bobinson,  n.  sp.  Habit  and  foliage  of  the  preceding :  leaves  quinate, 
glabrous ;  leaflets  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  long :  sepals  widely  spreading  or  reflexed  in 
anthesis,  velvety  pubescent  upon  the  outer  surface :  heads  of  fruit  much  smaller  aud  fewer- 

1  Doubtful  specimens  from  S.  Missonri,  Biish,  make  the  distinctions  between  this  and  the  preced- 
ing obscure. 

2  E.istward  to  Greene  Co.,  Missouri,  Bush. 

8  A  form  with  perfect  flowers  is  reported  by  M.  E.  Jones,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  ix.  12.''>,  and  another 
with  exceptionally  copiou.s  production  of  axillary  shoots  in  the  inflorescence  has  been  characterized  as 
\a.r.  periilafa,  by  Freyn,  Deutsche  Bot.  Monat.s.'^chr.  viii.  75.  Dr.  Gray's  description  of  C.  ligustici- 
fulia  lias  been  slightly  amplified  to  exclude  more  clearly  the  next  species. 


Clematis. 


RANUNCULACE.E. 


carpelled,  not  over  an  inch  in  diameter  at  full  maturity  including  the  curling  tails :  i)utje!*- 
cence  of  the  young  akenes  woolly  or  felt  like,  the  hairs  crinkly,  not  stniight  nor  silky  :i.s  in 
the  last ;  the  mature  akenes  with  broadly  ovate  nearly  orbicular  body  and  filiform  sparsely 
pubescent  tails.  —  Klikitat  Kiver,  Washington,  collected  and  first  recognized  as  distinct  by 
\V.  N.  SuLsdorf,  15  July,  1881,  in  flower,  and  11  September  of  same  year  in  fruit,  no.  1. 
^_   ^_  Sjjarsely  flowered,  small  leaved,  and  with  very  long-tailed  carpels. 
C.  Drummondii,  Tork.  &  Gray.     Cinereous-pubescent:  leaves  mostly  pinnately  5-7-folio- 
"late  and  the  leaflets  (half  inch  to  inch  long)  all  or  most  of  them  divergently  3-cleft  or  some- 
times  parted;  principal  lobes  oblong-ovate  to  lanceolate,  acute  or   acuminate,  entire  or 
incisely  1-3-tootiied;  uppermost  leaves  simple  and  3-cleft :  peduncles  sometimes  simple  and 
with  a" pair  of  leafy  bracts  next  the  base,  commonly  trichotomous  and  with  higher  bracts  on 
the  lateral  pedicels :  sepals  sericeous  externally,  half  inch  long  :  narrow  and  copious  sterile 
filaments  of  the  fertile  flowers  as  long,  inane-antheriferous :   tails  of  the  carpels  becoming 
,  3  or  4  inches  long  and  very  slender.  —  Fl.  i.  9.     C.  nervatu,  Benth.  I'l.  Ilartw.  5.    C.  dioica, 
var.  sericea,  sub-var.  Drummondii,  &c.,  Kuntze,  1.  c.  103.  — Dry  ground,  Te.\as  to  Arizona, 
first  coll.  by  i^er/an<i/er  ^nd  Z)r«;«mont/.     (Me.v.) 

*  *   Woody  or  half-woody  climbers   (of  California),  producing  flowering  shoots  of  the 
season  from  scaly  buds,  polygamo-dicecious,  the  filiform  filaments  of  the  fertile  flowers 
mostly  bearing  well-formed  and  sometimes  polliniferous  anthers:  peduncles  solitary  and 
bibractcolate  below  or  in  threes:  leaves  3-7-foliolate :   leaflets  roundish,  rarely  cuneate, 
not  acuminate,  mostly  obtusely  3-lobed  or  incised  or  few-toothed. 
C.  pauciflora,  Nutt.     Minutely  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous :  leaves  pinnately  or  .some- 
what biternately  5-9-foliolate,  mostly  quihate,  but  some  trifoliolate :  leaflets  half  inch  l.mg, 
thickish,  somewhat  lucid :   sepals  tomentulose  outside,  half  inch  long :    ovary  and   akene 
glabrous.  — Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  9  (by  errov  parviflora)  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif, 
i.  3.  — S.  California,  near  San  Diego  and  soutliward;  first  coll   by  NuWdl.    A  form  of  it 
(male  only)  near  San  Bernardino,  \V.  G.  Wright. 
C    lasiantha,  Nott.  1.  c.    Tomentulose-pubescent :  leaves  simidy  3-foliolatc ;  leaflets  an  inch 
'or  two  long,  moi-e  veiny  :  sepals  two  thirds  or  three  fourtLs  inch  long,  tomentuh>se  botli 
sides  or  <rla'brate  above  :  ovary  and  akene  more  or  less  pubescent :  jiedundes  3  or  4  inches 
long.'— Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  29,  t.  1 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  —  Common  throughout  the 
western  part  of  California. 

§  2.  ViORNA.  The  Leathery-flowered  species.  Flowers  large,  hermaphrodite, 
solitary  and  mostly  nodding  on  rather  long  peduncles  :  sepals  thick  or  thickish, 
from  blue  to  red  or  dull  purplish,  erect  and  connivent  at  base  or  throughout : 
neither  petals  nor  staminodes :  anthers  long  and  linear,  pointed :  filaments  hirsute 
or  pubescent.  —  Viorna,  and  part  of  Viticella,  Spach. 

*   Calvx  ovate  in  anthesis,  connivent  throughout  or  at  length  recurved  at  apex  only,  very 

thick,  of  cellular  and  when  dried  leathery  texture,  destitute  or  nearly  so  of  inflexed  and 

at  leno-th  explanate  tliin  mar<j;ins  even  at  the  apex :    styles  wholly  persistent,  forming 

denselv  plumose  carpel-tails:  herbaceous  or  slightly  woody  climbers,  ghibrous  ot  almost 

80-    shoots  from  naked  buds:    leaves  pinnately  3-9-foliolate  with  bro:vl  and  entire  or 

2-3-lobed   leaflets,  or  occasionally  all  the  secondary  petioles  3-foliolate,  the    flowering 

shoots  or  peduncles  bearing  one  to  several  pairs  of  simple  and  entire  leaves  or  bract,s. 

C   Viorna   L.     (LEAiniiR-FLOWER.)    Leaves  not  glaucous  nor  coriaceous ;  leaflet^*  from  sub- 

"  cordate-ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,   often   acute,  inconspicuously  reticulated,  those   of  the 

pedimcle  or  inflorescence  ovate  or  cordate :   calyx  barely  inch  long,  gl'^l^^''"'^,  "\"""";7f 

furfuraceous-cancscent  outside,  dull  reddish  or    purplish.- Spec.  i.  543    (Dill    Kltlu  144, 

t  118) ;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  318  ;  Jacq.  f.  Ed.  i.  t.  32 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  9  (exd.  syn.  Bot.  Mag    ; 

Grav,  Bot.  Mag    under  t.  C594 ;    Lavallee,  Clem.  57,  t.  17.     Viorna  urmgera,  Spach,  Ili-st. 

Veg.  vii.  270.  —  Moist  ground,  S.  rennsylvania  and  Missouri  to  Alabama. 

C  *  Addisonii,  Britton.     More  bushy  and  less  .spreading  :   leaves  deep  green  above,  pale 

a,^ve7y  glaucous  beneath  ;  the  lower  simple,  sessile  or  nearly  -'.^.'-f^y  ^fl  ;:Stt^rr 

one  or  two  rounded  lateral  lobes;  the  upper  leaves  pinnately  divided ;  leaflets  elliptn-oxal. 


6  RANUNCULACEJE.  ClcmuUs. 

obtuse  or  rounded  at  eat- h  end  :  flower  and  fruit  essentially  as  in  the  preceding.  —  Mem. 
Torr.  Club,  ii.  28,  t.  3.  C.  ovata,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  8,  not  Pursli,  Jitle  Brittou,  1.  c.  —  Vir- 
ginia to  Florida.  Notwithstanding  the  .striiiiug  differences  of  foliage  nearly  related  to  the 
preceding,  intermediate  forms  occasionally  occurring.  One  of  these  forms  is  regarded  as  a 
hybrid  l)y  Dr.  Brittou. 
C.  COCcinea,  Enoelm.  Leaves  glaucous  or  pale,  subcoriaceous ;  leaflets  roundish  or  broadly 
ovate,  ubtu.se  or  retuse ;  veinlets  at  length  conspicuously  reticulated :  calyx  bright  carmine  or 
scarlet,  glabrous,  otherwise  as  the  preceding. —  Engehn.  I'u  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  7  (wbere  tlie 
char,  is  indicated) ;  Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  6594;  Gray,  Bot.  Mag.  under  t.  G.')94.  C  Viorna, 
var.  coccinea,  Gray.  I'l.  Wright,  ii.  7.  C.  Texensis,  Buckley,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1861,  448, 
&  1870,  135 ;  Lav'allce,  1.  c.  63,  t.  19.  C.  PItch&ei,  Carriere,  Rev.  Ilort.  1878,  10,  with  figure, 
not  Torr.  &  Gray.  —  Rocky  and  shaded  banks,  Texas ;  first  coll.  by  Wri(jld,  next  by 
Lindheimtr} 
C.  reticulata,  Walt.  Leaves  coriaceous  and  exceedingly  reticulated;  leaflets  ovate  to 
oblong ;  simple  leaves  or  bracts  of  the  peduncle  oblong :  sepals  dull  colored,  externally 
cauescent.  —  Car.  156;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  318;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl  i.  10;  Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  6574  ;  Lavalloe,  1.  c.  55,  t.  16.  C.  Viorna,  var.  reticulata,  Kuntze,  1.  c.  133.  —  Dry  thickets, 
S.  Carolina  to  Alabama  and  Florida,  and  perhaps  Texas. 
*  *  Calyx  ovate  or  campanulate  in  anthesis,  the  upper  part  of  the  sepals  soon  recurved- 

spreading  and  thin  margined,  the  externally  toraentose-canescent  margins  inflexed  in  the 

bud,  explanate  in  the  flower,  at  least  near  the  tip :  herbaceous  or  nearly  so. 
■i—  Freely  climbing,  and  with  the  compound  leaves  of  the  preceding  division,  thin  or  thinnish, 

minutely  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous. 
C.  Pitcheri,  Torr.  &  Gr.vy.  Leaflets  from  ovate  or  roundish,  or  rarely  subcordate  to  oblong, 
reticulated  (more  coarsely  and  less  conspicuously  than  in  C.  reticulata):  usually  a  pair  of 
simple  ovate  sessile  leaves  on  the  peduncle  or  subtending  tliree  peduncles :  calyx  two  thirds 
to  full  inch  long,  dull  purplish  or  violet,  somewhat  cauescent  or  puberulent  outside;  the 
inflexed  margins  of  the  sepals  narrow  and  tardily  explanate  near  the  apex  :  persistent  styles 
either  naked  or  very  short-olumose  (in  the  original),  the  lower  part  and  the  akene  pubes- 
cent.—Fl.  i.  10;  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  4,  &  Bot.  Mag.  under  t.  6594;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
xvii.  317;  Lavallee,  Clem.  52,  t.  15,  var.  Coloradoensis,  a  large  flowered  form.  C.  reticulata, 
Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  i.  3,  &  PI.  Wright,  ii.  7,  not  Walt.  C.  Sargenti,  Lavallee,  1.  c.  60,  t.  1 S, 
a  small-flowered  form.  C.  Coloradoensis,  Buckley,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1861,  448.-  — 
S.  Indiana  to  Missouri,  and  thence  to  Texas.     (Mex.) 

Var.  leiostylis,  Gray,  Bot.  Mag.  under  t.  6594.  Styles  completely  glabrous  from 
the  first,  except  tlieir  very  base. 

Var.  lasiostylis,  Gray,  1.  c.     Styles  villous  or  even  short-plumose. 

Var.*  Bigelovii,  Bobinson,  n.  var.^  Leaves  more  compound ;  leaflets  glabrous,  pale 
and  sometimes  gl.aucous,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  reticulated,  generally  smaller  and  more  cleft ; 
segments  obtusish  or  rounded  :  sepals  lanceolate,  usually  more  spreading  than  in  the  typical 
form:  tails  of  akencs  plumose. —  C.  Diijelovii,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  vi.  61.  C.  Palmeri, 
Rose,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  118.  —  New  Mexico,  Bigelotv,  Palmer,  Greene,  Mat/iews ; 
Arizona,  Palmer. 

Var.*  filifera,  Robinson,  n.  var.  Leaves  considerably  divided  and  leaflets  ratlier 
small  and  oljtu.se,  as  in  tlie  last,  but  more  reticulated  and  more  or  less  densely  pubescent  or 
tomeiito.se  beneath:  tails  of  the  akenes  very  slender,  nearly  naked. —  C.  y(///e?-o,  Benlh. 
PI.  llartw.  285.  C.  filifera,  var.  incisn,  Hemsl.  Biol.  Cent.-Am.  Bot.  i.  2,  a  form  with  leaflets 
more  or  less  trifid.     C.  reticulata,  Seem.  Bot.  Herald,  267,  in  part,  not  Walt.  —  Near  tlie 

1  Also  reported  on  Lookout  Mt,,  Tenn.,  by  J.  F.  James,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  x.  82.  Doubtfid 
specimens  collected  by  Ueller,  distributed  as  "  C.  Texana,  Buckley,"  and  mentioned  in  Contrib. 
Frankl.  &  Marsh.  Coll.  Herb.  i.  37,  are  apparently  only  a  form  of  tlie  same  species. 

2  Add.  syn.  C.  Viomcu,  var.  Piichen,  J.  F.  James,  Clem.  5.  C.  Simfdi,  Brittou,  Mem.  Torr.  Club, 
V.  158,  and  others,  not  Sweet,  wliich,  being  the  S.  cm-data,  Sim.s,  Rot.  Mag.  1. 1816,  was  ace.  to  Gray, 
Bot.  Mag.  under  t.  6594,  a  form  of  S.  crispa. 

3  C.  Bifjelovii,  Torr.  was  included  in  C.  Pitcheri,vdiX. lasiostylis,  by  Dr.  Gray.  In  the  light  of  later 
material  it  .should  have  at  least  varietal  distinction. 


Clematis.  RAM  NCI  LAri:.K.  7 

Mexican  border,  Cheuati  Mts.,  W.  Texas,  Ilavard,  ami  .Santa  Kit.'  iltl  (olna,  llitjdow. 
(Mex.  Coulter,  Ilartwaj,  Parry  ^-  Palmer.) 
C.  crispa,  L.  Glabrous  or  nearly  so,  climbing  freely,  but  often  floweriu;.;  when  only  a  foot 
or  a  yard  high :  leaHcts  from  ovate  or  even  cordate  to  laMceolate,  acuie  or  acuminate, 
menibiaiiaceous,  little  reticulated :  peduncle  naked,  between  a  pair  of  compound  or  rawdy 
simple  leaves:  calyx  rose-colored  varying  to  violet:  sepals  from  an  inch  to  almost  2 
inches  long,  recurved  or  spreading  from  near  the  middle,  tlie  spreading  ])orti<,'i  with  broad 
undulate  margins:  styles  canescent  to  villous  in  flower,  in  fruit  either  almost  gliil<nvte  (and 
the  upper  part  falling  away  in  age)  or  villous  with  erect  hairs. — Spec.  i.  543  (founded 
wholly  ou  C.  Jiore-crlspo,  Dill.  Eltli.  86,  t,  73)  ;  Willd.  Spec.  ii.  !289;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t. 
1892;  LindL  Bot.  Keg.  xxxii.  t.  60;  Torr.  &  Gray,  ¥1.  i.  10;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  16,  t.  2,  & 
Bot.  Mag.  1.  c;  Lavalle'e,  Clem.  49,  t.  14,  not  DC.  (wliich  is  European  near  or  a  var.  of 
C.  viticella).  C.  Viorna,  Audr.  Bot,  Kep.  t.  71,  not  L.  fj.  cylindrica,  Sims,  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  1160  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Lavallee,  1.  c.  43,  t.  13.  C.  divaricala,  Jacq.  f.  Eel.  i.  51,  t.  33. 
C.  cordata,  Sims,  Bot.  Mag,  t.  1816,  not  Pursh.  C.  distorta,  Lavalle'e,  1.  c.  37,  t.  11. 
C.  Simsii,  Sweet,  Hort.  Brit.  1  ;  Kuntze,  Verb.  Bot.  Brandeuljurg,  1885,  134,  in  part.  Viti- 
cella crispa  (partly)  &  Viorna  cylindrica,  Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  vii.  267,  269.  (Perhaps  the  C.  Viorna, 
Andr.,  C.  cylindrica,  Sims,  &  C.  diraricata,  Jacq.  f.,  originated  in  a  cross  with  C.  viticella.) 
—  Low  ground,  S.  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Texas.^ 

Var.  Walter!,  Gray.  Flowering  when  low:  leaflets  from  lanceolate  (3  or  i  lines 
wide)  to  almost  lincarf—  Bot.  Mag.  under  t.  6594.  C.  Wulteri,  Tursh,  Fl.  ii.  384.  C.  cyii.i- 
drica,  var.  Walter i,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  10.  C.  lineariloba,  DC.  Syst.  i.  155,  &  Dele-ss.  Ic. 
Sel.  t.  3,  a  most  attenuate  form,  with  sepals  artificially  outspread.  —  S.  Carolina  to  Texas, 
passing  freely  to  broader-leaved  form. 

-f—  -t—  Low  and  erect  herbs,  simple  or  simply  branched:  flowers  solitary  and  terminal. 
++  Leaves  narrow,  at  least  the  lower  simple  and  sessile,  with  narrow  base,  thinuish,  not 

reticulated. 
C.  Bald'winii,  Tour.  &  Gray.  Somewhat  pubescent,  glabrate  •■  stems  slender,  simple  or 
branched  from  near  the  base,  few-leaved,  ternnnating  in  a  long  strict  peduncle  :  leaves  from 
lanceolate-oblong  to  linear  and  entire,  or  upper  ones  3-5-cleft  or  parted  into  lanceolate  or 
linear  divisions,  these  more  or  less  petioled  :  flower  nearly  of  C.  crispa :  carpel-tails  nmch 
elongated  (3  inches  long),  filiform,  conspicaously  plumose  throughout.  —  Fl.  i.  8;  Chapm. 
Fl.  3.  — Open  pine  woods,  Florida;  first  coll.  by  Baldwin. 
++  ++  Leaves  broadly  ovate  (2  to  5  inches  long),  sessile  or  subsessile  by  a  broad  base, 

all  undivided,  exceedingly  reticulated  :  flower  dull  colored  :  sepals  with  narrow  explauate 

margins  only  at  tip. 
C.  ochroleuca,  Ait.  Densely  sericeou.s-pubescent,  glabrate  in  age :  leaves  about  the  length 
of  the  internodes,  pale,  chartaceous  in  age,  quite  entire  or  upper  occasionally  3-cleft  or 
incised  :  peduncle  equalling  or  surpassing  the  uppermost  pair  of  leaves :  calyx  externally 
sericeous-canescent,  greenish  yellow  or  purplish,  the  tips  within  dull  yellowish  :  akencs 
pubescent,  the  styles  (about  inch  long)  very  plumose.  —  Kew.  ii.  260;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab. 
t.  661  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  7;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  6,  t.  1.  C.  sericea,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  319. 
C.  ovala,  I'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  736,  a  very  glabrate  form! 2  C.  integrifolia,  var.  tomcntosa,  &c., 
Kuntze,  1.  c.  176.  —  Dry  ground.  Long  Island,  New  York,  to  Upper  Georgia. 
C.  Fremontii,  Watson.  Loosely  villous-pubescent,  soon  glabrate :  leaves  longer  than  the 
internodes,  coriaceous  in  age,  entire,  or  some  with  few  or  several  coarse  teeth  ;  upperm«».st 
exceeding  the  short  peduncle :  calyx  purplish,  nearly  glabrous  except  the  tomentose  edges 
of  the  sepals:  carpels  in  fruit  forming  a  very  dense  head,  villous;  the  styles  sometimes 
villous  below  and  naked  or  even  glabrous  above,  sometimes  villous-plumose  throughout.  — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  339,  &  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  123.3  c.  integri/olia,  var.  Fremontii,  Kuntze,  1.  c 
177,  in  part.  —  Plains  of  Kansas  and  Missouri,  Fremont,  Dr.  L.  Wnlson,  Dtlerman. 
++++++  Leaves  twice  pinnately  or  in  part  ternately  com])ound,  and  with  narrow  divisions : 

divisions  of  the  upper  petioles  not  rarely  tortuous  ;  flower  dull  colored. 

1  Butler  Co.,  Missouri,  E<j()ert,  1S92. 

2  A  species  recently  reinstated  by  Prof.  Britton.  Jlem.  Torr.  Gul.,  ii.  3(»,  but  aiM>arently  upon 
insufficient  grounds. 

8  Add  Gard.  and  For.  iii.  3S0,  f.  49,  and  syn.  C.  <clm<leum,  v.ir.  Fremmitii,  ^.  F.  J.w.os,  Clem.  4. 


8  IIANUNCLILACE.E.  Clemalls. 

C.  Douglasii,  Hook.  A  foot  or  two  high,  villous-piit>CL-ccnt  rvh'^n  ynnnrr  p-labrate,  leafy: 
stem  and  petioles  anplefl  aud  striate  :  ulvioluiiS  acd  lol)es  of  the  lealves  linear  or  lanceolate 
(from  half  line  to  3  •>•  t  Hues  broad) :  peduucles  sonietimes  slightly  sonietinies  very  much 
surpassing  the  uppermost  leaves :  calyx  au  iuch  to  inch  and  a  half  long,  villous  outside, 
more  or  less  glabrate  in  age,  purple  within  :  akeues  pubescent :  persistent  styles  slender,  iuch 
long,  very  plumose.— Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  1,  t.  1 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  8.  C.  Wi/elhii,  i:iutt. 
Journ.  Acad.  Philad.  vii.  6  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  —  Rocky  Mountains  from  Montana,  Idaho, 
and  north  of  the  British  bouudary  to  Colorado  and  New  Mexico,  and  Mest  to  Gregou  and 
Washington  ;  first  cull,  by  JJom/las.  ^'aries  greatly  in  foliage,  in  the  degree  and  coarse- 
ness or  fineness  of  the  dissection  ;  a  southern  form  (S.  Colorado  and  N.  New  Mexico)  witli 
very  narrow  leaflets  most  distinctly  showing  tortuous  petioles,  as  if  disposed  to  climb.  The 
broad-leaved  extreme  is 

Var.  Scottii,  Coultkr.  Leaves  large,  pinnate  with  some  or  .ill  the  divisions  3^5- 
parted  or  3-5-foliolate  ,  lobes  or  leaflets  oblong-  or  ovate-lanceolate  (4  or  5  lines  wide  by  an 
iuch  in  length) ;  some  upper  leaves  with  distinctly  tortuous  partial  petioles.  —  Man.  Rocky 
Mt.  Reg.  3.  C.  ScoUii,  I'orter  in  Porter  &  Coulter,  Fl.  Col.  I.  —  Rocky  Mountains  of 
Colorado;!  first  coU.  by  John  Scott,  and  by  Porter.    Also  Beaver  Caiion,  Idaho,  IVatson. 

§  3.  AxRiGENE,  DC.  Flowers  large,  hermaphrodite,  solitary  on  naked 
peduncles :  sepals  much  exceeding  the  stamens  and  pistils,  spreading  from  tho 
base,  thill,  petaloid,  marginless  :  anthers  short  on  long  pubescent  filaments  :  outer- 
most stamens  with  more  or  less  dilated  filaments  bearing  inane  anthers  or  none, 
or  some  converted  into  "petals,"  rather  petaloid  staminodes  :  styles  wholly  per- 
sistent, becoming  long  plumose  carpel-tails :  half-woody  climbers  (but  ours  low), 
the  shoots  of  the  season  from  scaly  Huds,  early  fioweriiig:  leaves  ternately  com- 
puuud.  —  Atragene,  L.  (The  verticillate  appearance  of  the  foliage  on  the  flow- 
ering shoots,  which  gives  an  inappropriate  name  to  one  of  the  species,  comes 
from  the  pair  of  leaves  from  the  opposite  axils  arising  close  to  the  main  axis.) 

C.  verticillaris,  DC.  Leaves  simply  3-foliolate,  slender-petioled ;  leaflets  slender-petiolulate, 
ovate,  mostly  acuminate,  entire  or  sparingly  dentate :  sepals  violet,  inch  or  two  long,  oblong, 
more  or  less  acute :  staminodes  little  longer  tliau  the  fertile  stamens,  sometimes  all  linear 
and  more  or  less  antheriferous,  often  outermost  petaloid  and  spatulate.  —  Syst.  i.  166;  Hook. 
Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  2  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  10.  Atrayene  Americana,  Sims',  Bot.  Mag.  t.  887 ; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  14,  t.  1. —  Shaded  and  rocky  soil,  Hudson  Bay  to  the  Winnipeg  district, 
Minnesota,  &c.,  and  south  to  Pennsylvania ;  '■^  fl.  early  spring. 

Var.  Columbiana,  Guay,  n.  var.  Sepals  "  blue,"  ovate-lanceolate  or  narrow,  soon 
attenuate-acute  or  acuminate.  —  C.  Columbiana,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  11.  C.  alpina,  var.  occi- 
dentalls,  forma  verticillaris,  Kuntze,  1.  c.  161.  Atragene  Columbiana,  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad. 
Philad.  vii.  7.  —  Rocky  Mountains,  N.  Utah  and  north  to  lat.  58°,  and  west  to  Brit. 
Columbia.     (Cape  Mendocino,  lat.  40°,  Doiu/las,  ace.  to  Flook.,  probably  a  mistake.) 

C.  alpina,  Mill.  Loaves  twice  ternate  with  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate  leaflets  short-pitiolu- 
late  and  irregularly  serrate  or  incised,  or  simply  3-foliolate  with  some  or  all  the  leaflets  2-3- 
parted:  staminodes  in  tlie  Old  World  plant  numerous  and  conspicuous,  spatulate,  and  most 
of  them  not  at  all  antheriferous. —  Diet.  ed.  8,  no.  9;  Lam.  Dict.-ii.  44;  DC.  Syst.  i.  165. 
Atraqene  alpina  &  A.  sibirica,  L.  Spec.  i.  542,  543;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  530,  1951.  (Eu., 
N.  Asia.) 

Var.  OCcidentalis,  Gray.  Spatulate  and  petaloid  staminodes  few  and  usually  with 
rudiment  of  antlier.*,  or  none,  most  or  all  of  the  dilated  filameiit.s  linear  and  more  or  less 
antheriferous.  —  Gr.iy  in  Powell,  Geol.  Surv.  Rep.  Dakota  (1880),  531.  C.  alpina,  vox. 
Ochotensis,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  4.  Atragene  occidentalis,  Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  1813,  520. 
A.  Ochotensis,  Gray,  PI.  Fcndl.  4.     A.  alpina,  Gray,  Proc.  Acad.  I'liilad.  1863,  5«.     A.  alpina, 

1  Reported  from  Sheridan  Co.,  Neh.,  by  Swezey,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix.  94. 

2  Eastward  to  Maine  and  New  Brun.swick  (ace.  to  Fowler);  also  reporteil  from  Monongalia,  \Y.  Va., 
by  Millspaugh,  Fl.  W.  Va.  318,  and  at  Steamboat  Spring.s,  Col.,  by  Miss  Fa.stwood,  Zoe,  ii.  22t>. 


Anemone.  RANUNCULACEJE.  9 

var.  Ochotensis,  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  241.     Clematis  Psendu-Alrat/ene,  Kuntze, 

1.  c.  160,  with  sonin  of  C.  alpina  also.  —  Rocky  Mouiitaius,  from  New  Mexico  to  Dakota  ami 
■Washington. 

Var.  tenuiloba,  Gray,  Apparently  very  low  :  leaflets  ilisaected  into  narrow  lanceo- 
late ilivisious  and  lohes :  otherwise  as  in  the  ordinary  Am.  plant.  —  (iray  in  Powell,  Geol. 
Surv.  Eep.  Dakota  (1880),  531,  aa  subvar.  —  Black  Ililld  of  Dakota,  Jtnm^j.^ 

2.  ANEMONE,  Tourn.  Anemone,  Ank.monv,  Wind-flowek.  (Tlie 
ancient  Greek  and  Latin  name,  from  dvc/xo-j,  to  be  blcwn  upon  or  shaken  by  the 
wind.)  —  Perennial  herbs  of  the  cooler  parts  of  the  world,  mostly  low,  and 
.showy  flowered.  —  DC.  Syst.  i.  I88.2  Anemone  &  I'uisutillu,  Tourn.  Inst.  27.'), 
284,  t.  147,  148.     L.  Gen.  nos.  458,  459. 

§  1.  Pulsatilla,  Tourn.  (as  genus).  Carpels  with  long  filiform  styles,  very 
villous,  becoming  plumose  tails  to  the  akenes :  flower  large,  solitary  on  a  scape 
bearing  a  Avhorled  involucre.  —  Inst.  264,  t.  148  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  17.  §§  Pulsn- 
iilla  &  Preonanthus,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  16,  17. 

*  Involucre  wholly  sessile  and  mostly  connate  at  base  by  tlie  union  of  its  three  simply 
palmately  niultifid  reduced  leaves :  a  few  small  spatulate  staraiuodes  outside  of  the  true 
stamens.  —  §  Pulsatilla,  DC,  &c. 

A.  patens,  L.  Soft-villous,  glabrate  in  age :  scapiform  stem  a  span  higli  and  in  fruit  mncli 
taller  :  flower  erect :  i^epals  5  to  7,  violet,  sometimes  whitish,  widely  spreading  in  sunshine  : 
mature  carpel-tails  inch  and  a  half  long:  involucre  connate  at  base,  parted  into  numerous 
narrowly  linear  lobes:  radical  leaves  developed  a  little  later  than  the  flower,  palmately 
3-foliolate,  with  the  divisions  3-parted  and  commonly  again  3-cleft  into  lanceolate  lobes.  — 
Spec.  i.  538  ;  DC.  Syst.  i.  191  ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1994  (var.  ockroleum).  Pulsatilla  patens. 
Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8;  Keichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  iv.  t.  57.     (Ku.,  N.  A.sia.) 

Var.  Nuttalliana,  Gkav.  Lobes  of  the  leaves  linear  or  nearly  so:  flower  mostly 
pale.  —  Man.  ed.  5,  36;  Mcjjhan,  Xative  Flowers,  ser.  I,  i.  t.  13.  A.  /lalens,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.- 
Am.  i.  4  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  11,  &c.  A.  Ludociciuna,  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  20.  A.  Xitttallii,  DC. 
Syst.  i.  193 ;  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad.  Philad.  v.  t.  8.  Pulsatilla  Nuttalliana,  Spreug.  Syst.  ii  60.T  ; 
Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,  4.  P.  patens.  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  18,  t.  3.  P.  patens,  var.  ]]\hi/aw/ian<i, 
Kegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxiv.  1861,  pt.  2,  21.  Clematis  hirsutissiina,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  3!<5.^  - 
Prairies  and  plains,  Illinois-  and  Missouri  to  Colorado,  Montana,  and  north  to  the  Arctic 
Circle ;  fl.  early  spring      (N.Asia.) 

*  *  Involucre  of  two  or  three  compound  more  or  less  petiolate  and  petiolulate  leaves  :  no 
staminodes:  sepals  thin,  brightlv  colored,  widely  spreading.  —  §  Preonanthus,  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  17. 

A.  OCCidentalis,  Watsox.  From  a  span  or  two  becoming  2  feet  liigh.  soft-villous.  in  age 
glabrate  :  radical  and  involucral  leaves  biteruately  compound  iind  the  divisions  onco  or  twire 
pinnately  cleft  into  narrowly  lanceolate  or  linear  lobes  :  sepals  6  or  7,  oval,  white  or  purjdisli. 
often  inch  long:  receptacle  oblong-conical,  becoming  cylindrical  (an  incli  or  more  long) 
in  fruit:  carpel-tails  often  inch  and  a  half  long,  at  length  recurved.  —  Proc.  .Am.  \cad.  xi. 
121,  &  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  3.  A.  alpina.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  .-. ;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  11,  not  L.*— High  mountains  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  (La&sen,  Shasta.  &.v.)." 
California,  first  coll  by  Brewer,  to  tlie  Caswxdes, and  Northern  Rocky  Mountains  near  British 
boundary  to  Kotzebue  Sound. 

§  2.  EuANEMONE.  Carpels  with  short  and  not  plumose  styles:  no  obvious 
staminodes.  —  Anemone,  Tourn.  Inst.  275,  t.  147. 

1  An<l  recently  rediscovered  in  the  same  region  by  R;/dhenf. 

2  Further  important  literature:  Fritzel,  Aneni.  Revis.  Linnnea,  xv.  .561-fii»S;  Prantl  in  Engl,  k 
Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  2,  61,  62;  Britton,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  vi.  21.5. 

8  Add  syn.  Pidsnfilln  hirsuiissima,  Britlon,  1.  c.  217. 

*  Add  syn.  PulsatiUa  occidentaits,  Frevn,  Deutsclie  Bot.  Monat.s.ichr.  viii.  7S. 
6  Southward  to  Mineral  King,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.,  Coville  «t  Funston. 


10  RANUNCULACE.E.  Atiemnne. 

*  Akeues  densely  long-woolly  (except   in   ^1.   Tetonensis),  in  ours   much   compressed. — 

§  Eriocepltalus,  Ilouk.  f.  &  Tlioms.  Fl.  lud.  i.  20. 
-1—  Plants  mostly  low,  from  a  multiiipital  caudex  or  in  the  first  species  from  slender  root- 
stocks:  sepals  5  or  6,  rarely  8,  oval,  half  .nch  long  or  less  :  style  filiform,  longer  than  tlie 
ovary,  at  length  wholly  or  partly  deciduous:  head  of  carpels  globose  or  oval. 
A.  parviflora,  Miciix.  A  span  or  two  high  from  slender  somewhat  creeping  root.stocks, 
simple,  one-llowered  :  leaves  3-parted  into  cuneiform  2-3-iobed  and  crenate-dentate  divisions : 
sessile  involucre  2-3-leavcd  somewhat  similar:  sepals  white,  not  over  6:  style  not  longer 
tliau  the  senii-obovate  akene,  erect. —  Fl.  i.  319;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  12.  A.  cimeifolia, 
Juss.  Ann.  Mus.  iii.  248,  t.  21,  f.  I.  A.  borealis,  Kichiirds.  in  Frankl.  1st  Jonrn.  ed.  1,  App. 
740  (reprint,  p.  12),  &  ed.  2,  App.  750  (reprint,  p.  22).  —  Labrador  and  Anticosti  to  the 
Arctic  Sea  and  the  Aleutian  Islands,  south  to  L.  Superior  and  the  Rocky  Mountains  in 
Colorado.  (Adj.  N.  E.  Asia.) 
A.  Dnimmondii,  Watson.  A  span  or  two  higli  from  a  thick  multicipital  caudex, 
glabrate:  stems  I(-2)-flowered  :  leaves  small,  of  rounded  circumscription,  2-3-ternately 
dissected ;  the  lobes  from  linear  to  cuneate-lanceolate :  involucre  usually  similar :  sepals 
bluish  :  styles  almost  capillary,  prominently  exserted  :  akejies  semi-ovate,  apicuhite  with  the 
thickened  and  persistent  intiexed  base  of  the  style.  —  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  424 ;  Engelm.  Bot.  Gaz. 
vi.  237.  A.  Baldmsis,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.,  i.  5  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  12,  not  L.  —  Alpine 
region  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  about  lat.  49°,  Druininond,  Lyall  ;i  and  in  the  Cascade  Range, 
Mount  Adams,  Suksdorf,  and  Mount  Hood,  Henderson  ;  thence  south  to  California  on  Scott's 
Mountains,  Greene,  and  Lassen,  Mrs.  Austin,  Lemmon. 

A.  multifida,  Foik.  a  foot  or  less  high,  from  a  multicipital  caudex,  villous-pubescent : 
stems  1-3-rtowered,  the  lateral  peduncles  commonly  with  partial  involucre:  leaves  2-3- 
ternately  dissected  into  narrow  lanceolate  or  linear  lobes;  those  of  the  involucre  similar, 
more  or  less  petiolate:  sepals  from  dull  crimson  to  yellowish  or  whitisli,  varying  from  a 
quarter  to  full  half  inch  long :  style  about  half  the  length  of  the  obli(iuely  obovate  mature 
carpel,  at  length  iuflexed,  somewhat  persistent.  —  Suppl.  i.  364  (the  subantarctic  plant) ;  DC. 
Syst.  i.  209  ;  Deless.  Ic.  Sel.  i.  t.  16  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  13  ;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  t.  2.  .1.  Com- 
inersoniana,  DC.  in  Deless  1.  c.  i.  4,  t.  17,  larger-flowered  antarctic  form.  .1.  Hudsoniann, 
&  var.  ^antjuinea,  Richards,  in  Frankl.  1st  Journ.  ed.  I,  App.  741  (reprint,  p.  13) ;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  658,  the  N.  Am.  plant.  A.  lanic/era,  Gay,  Fl.  Chil.  i.  22,  Chilian.  A.  decnpetala, 
Hook.  f.  Fl.  Antarc.  ii.  223,  partly,  &  Arc.  PI.  283.  — On  rocks,  &c.,  N.  E.  Maine,  Miss 
Furbish,  to  L.  Superior,  Nebraska,  thence  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  (and  south  to  those  of 
Arizona),  Brit.  Columbia,  Alaska,  and  north  to  tlie  arctic  coast.'^  (Chili,  Patagonia) 
A.*  Tetonensis,  Porter.  Nearly  related  to  the  last,  but  lower  and  more  slender :  leaf- 
sogments  somewhat  broader,  obtusish,  glabrate:  flowers  deep  purple  or  (?)  pale:  akenes 
dorsally  glabrate.  — Porter  in  Britton,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  vi.  224.  —  Idaho,  Teton  Range, 
10,000  feet.  .7.  M.  Coultn-,  and  Needle  Peak  of  Lost  River  Mountains,  V.  Bailei/  (fls. 
apparently  white  or  nearly  so).  A  white-flowered  form  with  longer  and  persisting  styles, 
and  scarcely  pubescent  akenes,  discovered  in  Utah  by  M.  E.  Jones,  is  doubtfully  referred  to 
this  species,  although  botli  may  prove  to  intergrade  with  A.  multifda. 

•4-  -I-  Plants  low,  single,  from  a  small  tuber  or  tuberiform  root :  .sepals  9  to  20,  linear-oblong 

or  spatulate,  half  to  three  fourths  inch  hmg:  stvle  filiform,  as  long  a-*  the  ovary,  straight, 

hardly  per.sistent :  head  of  carpels  from  short-oblong  to  cylindrical :  leaves  varying  in  the 

same  species  from  simply  to  thrice  ternately  compound  or  parted :  leaflets  when  undivided 

obovatc-cuneate  and  inci.sed,  when  much  dissected  cut  into  lanceolate  or  linear  lobes. 

A.*  decapetala,  Ard.^    A'span  to  a  foot  high  from  an  oblong  tuberous  root :  leaves  usually 

appresseil-pubescent  or  at  least  ciliate-hirsute,  3-foliolate  ;  leaflets  pctiolulate  or  sessile,  Imjad, 

ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  crenate-dentate  or    shallowly  and   obtu.sely  cleft :    involucre   very 

dissimilar,  borne  at  or  above  the  middle  of  the  1-flowered  stem,  subsessile,  its  three  Icaxos 

1  S.  Brit.  America,  Macnun. 

2  Ea.stward  to  New  Brunswick  and  Anticosti,  and  southward  in  Rocky  Mts.  to  Arizona  acconiing 
to  Britton,  1.  c.  222. 

8  Dr.  Oray's  description  of  this  species  has  been  altered  to  exclude  the  following  clearly  distin- 
guishable jilant. 


Aneinime.  llANl'XCULACE.i:.  H 

short,  oiice  (or  more  rarely  twice)  palraati fid-cleft  to  below  the  middle ;  segments  linear, 
mostly  entire  :  sepals  greenish  white  to  pink  :  head  of  carpels  in  fruit  cyliudraccous  (three 
fourths  to  one  and  a  half  inclics  long)  :  style  not  half  the  length  of  the  orbicular  flat  akene, 
at  length  inflexcd,  completely  covered  by  the  wool  of  the  akene.  — Aniniad.  Alt.  27; 
L.  Mant.  79;  DC.  Syst.  i.  200;  Brilton,  1.  c.  218.  A.  trilobula,  Juss.  Ann.  Mus.  iii.  24s, 
t.  21,f.  3.  A.  heteiofthy/la,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  12  (under  A.  Curolituanu,  var. 
heteiophylla).  A.  Berlandivri,  Pritz.  Linnaja,  xv.  628.  .1.  Curoliiiianu,  Coulter,  Coutrib. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  ii.  8,  at  least  in  part.  —  Arkansas  and  Texas,  Berliniclin;  WrUjIU,  Thurlnr, 
Jieixrclion,  and  according  to  I'rof.  liritton  east  to  Alabama  and  nortli  to  the  Great  I'laius. 
(Mex.,  Extr.  Trop.  S.  Am.) 

A.*  sphenoph;^lla,  Pcepp.  Hal)it  and  most  of  the  characters  of  the  last :  leaves  glal)rate 
or  nearly  so,  o-1'oliolate ;  divisions  commonly  cleft  into  ratlier  narrow  sometimes  even  linear- 
lanceolate  acutish  segments  ;  leave.s  of  tlie  involucre  (witii  rare  exceptions)  sub-similar  to 
the  biisal  leaves  in  outline  and  segmentation,  and  not  so  strikingly  reduced  in  size  a.s  in  the 
preceding:  flowers  sometimes  solitary  but  more  commonly  2-3(-4)  from  the  same  involu- 
cre.—Frag.  Syn.27;  Hritton,  1. c. 220 ;  Coville, Coutrib.  U.S'Nat.  Ilerli.iv.  56.  .1.  decu/ielala. 
Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  3,  t.  1 ;  Gray  in  Ives,  Colorado  Rep.  Bot.  5,  excl.  syn.  in  part,  not 
Ard.  —  W.  Arkansas,  Harvej/ ;  W.  Texas,  Thurber,  to  Arizona,  Smuvl,  Prtnylt ;  Utah,  Wal- 
Son,  Parry,  Jnhnson,  and  Panamint  Mts.,  S.  Calif.,  Corille  &  Funston.     (Chili.) 

A.  Caroliniana,  Walt.  A  span  or  two  high  from  a  globular  small  tuber  (which  is  pro- 
duced at  the  apex  of  a  flagelliform  subterranean  shoot) :  slender  stem  one-flowered,  usually 
bearing  the  simply  palmatifid  involucre  mucii  below  the  middle:  sepals  purple,  blue,  or 
white:  head  of  carpels  short-oblong  or  barely  cylindraceous  in  fruit  (usually  lialf  inch 
long) :  style  about  the  length  of  the  ovate  ratlier  turgid  akene,  erect,  its  slender  tip  pro- 
jecting from  the  wool,  more  deciduous.  —  Car.  157;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  12  (excl.  var. 
heterophylla) ;  Torr.  in  Marcy,  Kep.  t.  1;  Meehan,  Native  Flowers,  ser.  1,  i.  165,  t.  42. 
A.  tenella,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  386.  — Sandy  soil,  Florida  to  N.  Carolina,  Illinois,  Dakota,  and 
southwest  to  Texas,  thus  partly  accompanying  the  preceding  but  iu  different  soil ;  fl.  earlv 
spring. 

A.  WAlteri,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  387,  founded  wholly  on  Walter's  character  of  his  Thallctrum 
Carolinianum,  is  quite  obscure,  no  specimen  being  extant.  If  an  Anemone  it  might  be  referred 
to  A.  Caroliniana,  except  for  the  pentasepalous  flower. 

•*—  -t—  -I—  Plants  1  to  3  feet  high  from  a  caudex,  few-several-flowered :  sepals  mostlv  5,  oval 
or  obovate,  seldom  over  half  inch  long,  white  or  greenish  white,  sericeous  canescent  out- 
side :  style  subulate,  shorter  and  stout,  wholly  or  mainly  persistent  on  the  semi-obovate 
akene :  involucral  leaves  similar  to  the  radical  and  petioled,  palraately  or  pedately  3-5- 
divided  and  the  divisions  2-3-cleft  and  incisely  toothed  ;  fl.  summer. 
A.  cylindrica,  Gray.     Somewhat  silky-pubescent,  strict :  divisions  and  lobes  of  the  leaves 
mostly  cuneate-lanceolate :  involucre  iu  depauperate  plauts  3-5-leaved  and  1-2-flowered,  but 
usually  5-9-leaved  and  2-6-flowered,  with  very  long  and  naked  umbellate  peduncles  (the 
involucels  if  any  being  basal  and  making  a  part  of  the  general  involucre),  or  occasionally 
one  of  the  peduncles  involucellate  at  the  middle  :  head  of  carpels  in  fruit  cylindricjil,  inch  or 
more  long,  very  woolly;  the  short  somewhat  recurved  styles  slightly  projecting.  —  Ann. 
Lye,  N,  Y.  iii.  220;  Torr.  &  Gray,  ¥].  i.  13.  — Dry  ground,  New  Brun.swick  to  Montana  and 
Saskatchewan,  south  to  New  Jersey  and  New  Mexico. 
A.  Virginiana,  L.     More  loosely  pubescent  or  glal)rate:  divisions  and  lobes  of  the  le.ives 
riiouibic-ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate:  involucre  2-3-leaved,  subtending  a  solitary  and  elong:ited 
naked  peduncle  and  one  or  sometimes  two  proliferous  ones,  i.  e.  involucellate  at  the  middle, 
and  these  again  often  proliferous,  thus  continuing  long  in  blossom:  .sepals  usually  greenish 
white  and  only  half  inch  long,  sometimes  enlarging  and  bright  white:  head  of  carpels  in 
fruit  ovate  or  oblong,  thick,  as  it  were  muricatc  by  the  projection  of  the  conspicuous  stout 
styles,  the  apex  of  the  akenes  also  naked.  —  Spec.  i.  540;  (jiertn.  Fruct.  i.  t.  74;  Hook.  Fl. 
Bor.-Am.  i.  7,  t.  4 ;  Torr.  &  Gray.  1.  c. ;  Meehan,  Native  Flowers,  ser  2,  i.  93.  t.  23.    A.  hirsuta, 
Moeuch,  Meth.  Suppl.  105.  —  Moist  ground,  New  Brunswick  to  S.  Carolina,  and  northwest  to 
the  Rocky  Mountains  and  lat.  55°. 

*  *  Akenes  naked  (when  mature),  orbicular,  much  compressed,  wing-margined :  si  pals 
5,  obovate,  white,  half  inch  or  more  long  :  involucre  closely  sessile,  palmately  parteil  or 
cleft. 


12  KANUNCL'LACEiE.  Anemone. 

A.*  Canadensis,  L.i  A  foot  or  two  high  from  deep  filiform  rootstocks,  pubesceut :  stem 
rather  slender,  prolifero-dichotomous  from  the  involucre  after  producing  the  slender- 
peduncled  primary  flower,  sometimes  again  or  even  again  similarly  proliferous  from  the 
secondary  involucres :  leaves  very  veiny ;  radical  long-petiuled,  5-7-parted  or  deeply  cleft 
into  narrowly  cuneate  divisions;  these  partly  2-3-cleft  and  incised  or  sharply  toothed 
toward  the  apex:  primary  involucre  2-3-leaved;  secondary  2-leaved,  smaller,  less  cut, 
ascending :  sepals  hrigiit  white  :  head  of  rather  numerous  carpels  globose  ;  carpels  hirsute 
when  young,  glabrate  in  age,  abruptly  tipped  with  a  rigid  soon  straight  and  mainly  per- 
sistent subulate  style  of  nearly  the  length  of  the  orbicular  akene.  — Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12,  iii. 
App,  1, 431  (1768).  A.  dichotoma ,  L.  Spec,  i,  540,  in  part;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  387  (with  A.  Pennsyl- 
vuniai) ;  Lloyd  Bros.  Am.  Drugs  &  Med.  i.  22,  f.  8.  A.  Pennsj/lvunica,  L.  Mant.  ii.  247  (where 
distinguished  from  the  E.  Asian  A.  dichotoma,  which  besides  has  the  short-styled  carpels  ovate 
at  maturity) ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  8,  t.  3;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  14 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  20, 
t.  4,  not  Ledeb.  A.  irregularis,  Lam.  Diet.  i.  167.  A.  aconitifdiu,  Mich.x.  Fl.  i.  320.2—  Low 
grounds.  Nova  Scotia  and  Hudson  Bay  to  Saskatchewan,  and  south  to  S.  Pennsylvania, 
Illinois,  and  along  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  S.  Colorado ;»  fl.  early  summer. 
A.  narcissiflora,  L.  A  span  or  at  length  a  foot  or  more  high  from  a  thick  caudex,  villous : 
radical  leaves  of  orbicular  outline,  3-5-parted  or  divided  into  cuneate  multifid  divisions ; 
lobes  narrowly  lanceolate  or  linear :  involucre  similar  but  closely  sessile  and  usually  more 
simply  cleft,  subtending  solitary  or  usually  several  umbellate  peduucles :  akenes  glabrous, 
apicuiate  with  short  soon  inflexed  style.  —  Spec.  i.  542  ;  Pursh,  1.  c.  387  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor  -Am. 
i.  8;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  iv.  t.  48.  — Alpine  regions.  Rocky  Moun- 
tains of  Colorado  (first  coll.  by  James)  and  northward,  and  Alaska  to  l]eriug  Strait.* 
(Eu.,  Asia.) 

*   *   *   Akenes  naked  or  merely  pubescent,  less  flattened,  ovate-oblong  or  narrower,  wing- 
less, comparatively  few  in  the  head  :  sc])als  4  to  6,  commonly  5,  obovate  or  oval,  iialf  inch 
or  more  long:  slender  and  glabrous  or  pul)escent  plants,  simple  and  one-flowered,  a  span 
to  a  foot  high,  with  few  radical  leaves,  or  these  remote  and  separate  from  the  scape, 
•t—  From  elongated  filiform  or  flagelliform  rootstocks  :  involucre  of  2  or  3  simple  subsessile 
leaves,  and  radical  leaves  at  most  trifoliolate. 
A.  deltoidea,   PIook.     Radical  leaves  trifoliolate;   leaflets  sessile  or  nearly  so,  ovate  or 
rhombic-ovate,  acutish,  obtusely  dentate,  somewh.at  incised  or  the  lateral  2-3-lobed  :    involu- 
cre of  2  or  3  ovate  similarly  toothed  or  incised  leaves :  sepals  white,  often  an  inch  long : 
carpels  pubescent,  glabrate  in  age,  ovate,  pointed  with  a  very  short  at  length  straight  subulate 
style.  —  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  6,  t.  3 ;   Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  13  ;   Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  424.  —  Western 
part  of  Washington  and  Oregon  in  woods  (type  specimens  coll.  hy  Douglas  and  by  Scoulcr)  to 
N.  California,  (h-iene.  Rattan.     Stem  at  length  a  foot  high. 
A.  Richardsoni,  Hook.     Radical  leaves  round-reniform,  deeply  and  somewhat  palmately 
5-cleft   into  cuneate-obovate   incised  lobes:     involucre  of  3  dilated   cuneate  3-lobed   and 
incisely  dentate  leaves  \  sepals  sulphur-color :   carpels  glabrous  ;  persistent  style  very  long, 
filiform,  recurved-spreading  in  age,  hooked   at  tip.  —  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  6,  t.  4 ;   Schlecht. 
Liinia;a,  vi.  575 ;    Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c,  printed    Richardsoniana.     A.    rammadoides,   var., 
Richards,  in  Frankl.  1st  Journ.  ed.  1,  App.  740  (reprint,  p.  12).     A.    Vahlii,  Hornem.  Fl. 
Dan.  t.  2176. —  Shores  of  Hudson  Bay  to  Alaskan  Islands,  and  through  arctic  America. 
(Adj.  N.  E.  Asia,  Greenland.) 

-J—  -1—  Rootstocks  horizontal,  thickish  :  involucre  2-3-phyllous,  and  3-5-foliolate ;  the  leaves 
slender-pctioled.s 

*  Dr.  Gray  employs  A.  Pcnnsylvanica,  L.,  for  this  .species,  but  it  is  a  later  name. 
2  Add  syn.  A.  diclmtoma,  var.  Canadensis,  MacMillan,  Metasp.  Minn.  Val.  237. 

8  Westward  in  Brit.  America  to  the  Pacific,  acconliiig  to  Hooker,  1.  c.  8,  and  southward  to  Mary- 
land according  to  Britton,  1.  c.  228. 

*  Reported  in  W.  Newfoundland,  by  Reeks,  List  Fl.  PI.  NM.  2,  but  probably  erroneou.sly. 

6  A.  nudicaidis,  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  17,  described  from  imperfect  specimens  and  placeil  in  this 
part  of  the  geims,  has  suKsequently  been  conclusively  identified  with  Rcinunculus  Lapponicus,  L.  See 
Britton,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Aca<l.  Sci.  vi.  233. 


Hepalica.  RANUNCULACE^E.  13 

A.*  quinquefolia,  L.i  A  span  to  a  foot  higli :  radical  leaf  and  tho  Miroe  ..f  the  involucre 
3-fuliol:vte  ur  hy  tlic  divisJDii  uf  the  lateral  leaflets  often  5-f<iliolate  ;  divisions  or  leaflets 
from  ohovate-euiieate  or  rhombic-ovate  to  laneeolate-uhlonf;,  mostly  acute  or  acuminate 
serrate  or  somewhat  incised  ;  the  lateral  ones  commonly  2  parted  or  completely  divided  and 
middle  one  3-cleft :  sepals  from  white,  or  with  jiurjilisli  tinge  outside,  to  pale  violet  or  hlne  : 
akenes  puberulent,  tapering  into  the  short  recurving  style.  —  Spec.  i.  541  ;  Hart.  Fl.  \.  A. 
ii.  10,  t.  39 ;  Brittou,  1.  c.  225.  ,1.  nemorosa  of  Amer.  authors,  hut  differing  from  the  European 
species  in  its  generally  smaller  flowers,  less  inci.sed  leaves  and  more  slender  stem  and 
petioles.  A.  pedata,  Kaf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  3GI,  &  in  Desv  Journ.  Bot.  i.  230  (1808); 
DC.  Syst.  i.  214.  A.  minima,  DC.  1.  c.  206.  A.  O'ru./i,  iiehr,  Hull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  .5. 
A.  nemorosa,  var.  Grai/i,  Greene,  Fl.  Franci.s.  295,  a  broad-leaved  Pacific  form  with  white  or 
pale  blue  flowers.  —  Open  woods.  New  Brunswick  to  coast  of  Brit.  Columbia;  in  the 
Atlantic  States  to  the  mountains  of  Georgia;  H.  early  spring. 

Var.*  Oregana,  IJoHixscm,  n.  var.  Leaflets  oliovate  to  oval-oblong  and  ohtusish, 
undivided,  unequally  or  sparingly  serrate  or  slightly  incised  :  flowers  rather  short-ped uncled :' 
sepals  bright  blue,  oval  or  oblong,  larger  than  in  tlie  typical  form  half  to  tliree  fourtlis  inch 
long:  filaments  also  blue  and  longer  tiian  in  the  type. — A.  Vie(/aii(i,  Grav,  I'roc.  Am.  Acad, 
xxii.  308.  ^1.  ci/anca,  Freyu,  Deutsch.  Bot.  Monatsschr.  viii.  176.  A.  Grayi,  Britton,  1.  c.  226, 
in  part,  not  Behr.  —  Open  woods,  on  both  sides  of  the  Columbia  liiver,  Klikitat  Co.,  Wa.sh- 
ington,  Suksdorf;  about  the  Hood  River,  Mrs.  Barren ;  on  Mt.  Adams,  Henderson.  A 
striking  and  heautiful  variety  or  perhaps  species,  apparently  iutergi-ading,  however,  both 
with  typical  form  and  the  following. 

Var.*  Lyallii,  Robinson,  u.  var.  Dwarfish :  leaves  3-foliolate ;  leaflets  ovate,  more 
obtusely  toothed  than  in  the  type:  flowers  usually  very  small,  white  or  pale  blue,  a  third  to 
half  inch  iu  diameter. — A.  Li/a/lii,  Brittou,  1.  c.  227.  —  From  Portland,  Oregon,  Ilendf-rson, 
and  the  Willamette  Valley,  Cusick,  to  Vancouver  Isl ,  ]\[aroun,  and  Salmon  River,  Brit. 
Columbia,  Dawson.     Very  .similar  forms  are  common  iu  the  Redwoods  of  Calif(u-nia,  Bulander. 

A.*  trifolia,  L.  Usually  larger  than  the  precetliug  species:  involucral  leaves  with  rare 
exceptions  regularly  3-foHolate ;  leaflets  ovate-lanceolate  rather  regularly  .-^errate,  large,  in 
well  developed  specimens  2  to  3  inches  in  length,  and  more  than  an  inch  in  l)readth;  radical 
leaves  subsimilar  to  the  involiu-ral  but  sometimes  5-f()]iolate  :  peduncle  long  and  slender, 
usually  more  than  2  inches  in  length:  flowers  large,  15  to  16  lines  in  diameter:  sepals 
white  or  pinkish:  carpels  in  a  glotmlar  head,  much  as  in  the  preceding  species  — Spec.  i. 
540;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  iv.  t.  48 ;  Britton,  1.  c.  226  ;  Vail,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  ii.  33,  t.  4 
Millspaugh,  Fl.  W.  Va.  319;  Heller,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxi.  22.  ,1.  land folia,  Pur.sh,  Fl. 
ii.  386.  .1.  nemorosa,  var.,  Gray,  Am.  Nat.  vii.  422.  —  Mountains  of  S.  Pennsylvania  and 
Virginia,  Curtiss,  Small,  Heller,  to  Georgia,  Chapman.  (Eu.)  Tiie  American  plant  docs 
not  differ  by  any  constant  or  satisfactory  character  from  the  European,  which  is  regarded 
as  a  good  species.  It  ai>pears,  however,  in  some  iustances  to  intergrade  or  perhaps  hy- 
bridize with  ^4.  quinquefolia. 

3.  HEPATICA,  Dill.  Liverleaf.  (Latinized  from  ^TrariKo'?,  affectinjr  or 
belonging  to  the  liver,  suggcstefl  l)}'^  the  shape  of  the  leaf.)  —  Acaulesoeiit  low 
perennials  (of  the  northern  hemisphere);  with  elongated  and  villous  or  at  length 
glabrate  petioles  and  peduncles  from  a  short  crown  or  caudex,  8-lobed  but  other- 
wise entire  leaves,  and  solitar}'  blue  or  purple  or  sometimes  white  flowers,  pro- 
duced in  earliest  spring,  followed  later  by  the  foliage  of  the  season,  which  lasts 
over  winter.  Sepals  fi  to  9,  rarely  more.  Akenes  pubescent,  tipped  with  very 
short  style.  —  Cat.  Plant.  Giss.  App.  108;  DC.  Syst.  i.  21i5.  Anemone  §  Hepatica, 
Koch,  and  authors ;  but  may  be  fairly  well  kept  as  a  genus. 

H.  triloba,  Chaix.  Leaves  with  3  rounded  or  ovate  and  obtuse  lobes;  those  of  invnlucn; 
also  obtuse.  —  Chaix  in  Vill.  Dauph.  i.  336;  Bart.  Fl.  N.  A.  iii.  45,  t.  87  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl. 

1  Dr.  Gray  regarded  this  and  the  following  species  as  form.s  of  the  European  A.  iicmtvosn.  wliile 
tne  var.  Oregana  he  considered  as  distinct.  In  the  light  of  recent  jmblicalions  atid  aiMilional 
material  it  seems  best  to  modify  this  treatment  to  the  one  of  the  text. 


14  RANUNCULACEiE.  Ilepalica. 

i  15.  //.  Amencnnn,  Ker,  Bot.  Reg.  t.  387.  H.  triioha,  var.  Americana,  DC.  1.  c.  21f..i 
Anemone  Hepatica,  h.  Spec.  i.  538.  — Open  woods,  Nova  Scotia  to  the  northern  Kocky 
Mountains,  lat.  55°,  and  Sitka,  according  to  Bongard,  south  through  the  upper  country  to 
the  border  of  Florida,  west  to  Missouri  and  Minnesota.  (Eu.,  N.  Asia.)  l'a.sses  into 
H  acutiloba,  DC.  Lobes  of  tlie  leaves  ovate  and  acute,  occasionally  lateral  lobes  2-cleft : 
akenes  slightl'y  stipitate.  —  Prodr.  i.  22;  Gray,  Gen.  lU.  i.  t.  5.  H.  triloba,  var.  acuta, 
Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  391.-  Anemone  acutiloba,  Lawson,  Rev.  Canad.  Ranunc.  30.  —  Quebec  to  upper 
part  of  Geortcia,  and  Iowa.     Rarely  has  the  middle  lobe  or  all  of  them  incised. 

4.  ANEMONi^LLA,  Spach.  (A  diminutive  of  Anemone,)  —  Hist.  Veg. 
vii.  239;  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  39.  Syndesmon,  Hoflfmansegg,  Flora,  1832,  ii. 
Intell.-Blatt.  34,  name  only,  referring  to  this  and  to  a  Thalictrum.  —  Single 
species,  flowering  in  early  spring. 

A  thalictroides,  Spach,  1.  c.  240.  Low  and  very  glabrous  perennial:  roots  tuberiform 
and  fascicled  :  slender  and  simple  scapiform  stems  and  radicle  petioles  a  span  or  two  high  ; 
the  latter  twice  ternate  into  slender  petiolules,  bearing  roundish  leaflets  with  mostly  sub- 
cordate  base  and  3-lobed  broad  apex  :  involucre  of  6  to  9  similar  filiform-petiolulate  leaflets 
(i.  e.  belonging  to  2.  or  3  trifoliolate  leaves  with  primary  petiole  wanting  or  obsolete), 
subtending  °an  umbelliform  cyme  of  few  or  several  (rarely  solitary)  slender-stalked 
flowei-s:  .sepals  5  to  10,  oval,  white,  sometimes  pinkish,  4  or  5  lines  long,  tardily  deciduous, 
much  longer  than  the  stamens  and  carpels :  anthers  oval :  disciform  stigma  horizontal  or 
nearlv  so,  obscurely  2-lobed,  sessile,  but  in  fruit  comparatively  small  and  slightly  elevated 
on  the  pointed  apex  of  the  oblong-fusiform  8-10-ribbed  akene.  —  Anemone  tlialirlroide!i,L. 
Si)ec.  i.  542;  Hill,  Veg.  Syst.  25,  t.  46,  f.  5;  Willd.  Hort.  Bem\.  t.  44;  .)uss.  Ann.  Mus.  iii. 
249.  t.  21;  Sims,' Bot.  Mag.  t.  866;  Bart.  Fl.  N.  A.  ii.  t.  44.3  Thalictrum  anemonoides, 
Michx.  Fl.'  i.  322  ;  DC  Syst.  i.  186;  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  ser.  2,  t.  150;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i. 
24,  t.  6;  Meehau,  Native  Flowers,  ser.  1,  ii.  t.  30;  Lecoyer,  Bull.  Soc.  Roy.  Bot.  Belg. 
xxiv.  223.  SipidesmoH  thalictroides,  Hoffmansegg,  1.  c,  name  only;*  Lawson,  Monog. 
Ranunc.  Canad.  31.  — Dry  woods.  New  Englan<l  and  Ontario  di.strict  of  Canada  to 
Minnesota,  to  Maryland,  and  .south  along  the  mountains  and  upper  country  to  W.  Florida. 
AJiore  plena  form  has  been  found  wild. 

5.  THALICTRUM,  Tourn.  Meadow-rue.  (Old  Greek  and  Latin  name, 
of  uncertain  derivation.)  —  Perennial  herbs  of  temperate  regions,  largely  northern, 
usuiilly  glabrous,  with  alternate  compound  or  decompound  leaves,  petioles  dilated 
at  base,  and  pauicled  or  corymbiform  cyraose  or  rarely  racemose  small  flowers,  in 
most  of  ours  dioecious  or  polygamous  and  with  dnll  colored  sepals,  these  4  or 
sometimes  5  in  number  and  deciduous.  There  are  not  rarely  small  appendages 
to  some  partial  petioles  or  leaflets,  which  have  been  called  stipels,  but  they  are 
inconstant.  —  Inst.  270,  t.  143;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  4;  Lecoyer,  Bull.  Soc. 
Bot,  Belg.  xxiv.  1885,  78-325.'* 

*  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  on  a  low  scapiform  stem  :  filaments  ca])illary  and  drooping. 
T.  alpinum,  L.     A  span  or  more  high:  leaves  all  or  chiefly  ra<lical,  inch  or  two  long, 
"pinnately  5-7-foliolate,  with  lower  pinna;  similarly  3-5-foliolate :    leaflets  cuneate-obovate, 
few-lobed,  prominently  veined  beneath:  flowers  drooping,  purplish  :  anthers  linear-oblong; 

1  Add  syn.  Hepntira  Hepatica,. KsLTst.  Dentschl.  Fl.  .^.TO. 

2  Add  syn.  Hepatica  ncutn,  Britten,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  vi.  234. 
8  Add  Garden,  xxxv.  409,  t.  6§9. 

4  See  also  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  .39. 

6  In  accordance  with  the  expressed  intention  of  Dr.  Gray,  his  manuscript  relatmg  to  the  genns 
has  been  freely  revised  in  the  light  of  Prof.  Trelease's  careful  treatment  of  the  group  (Proc.  Bost. 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist,  xxiii.  293-304);  and  plants  of  .subsequent  description   have  been  in.serted  where 


Thaliclrum.  KANU.NCL'LACE.E.  15 

akeues  very  few,  oblong,  slightly  ancipital,  subulate-tipped.  —  Spec.  i.  545;  Lightf.  Fl. 
Scot.  i,t.  13;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  11  ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2237  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  39;  Wats.  Bot. 
King  Exp.  4.  —  Newfoundland  and  Anticosti,  arctic  Alaska,  mountains  of  N.  Nevada,  and 
alpine  region  of  Hocky  Mountains  to  Colorado.'     (Greenland,  Ku  ,  N.  Asia.) 

*  *  Flowers  lierniaj)linHiite,  in  loose  panicles  on  leafy -stem  :  sepals  caducous,  greenish: 
filaments  capillary  and  weak :  anthers  linear  :  akenes  terete,  tipped  with  oval  stigma. 

T.  minus,  L.,  var.  Kemense,  Trkleask.  Stem  l  to  3  feet  high,  snlcate-striate  :  leaves 
thrice  ternatc:  fruiting  pedicels  filiform:  carpels  few.  —  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  .\.\iii. 
300.  1\  Kemense,  Fries,  Fl.  Halland,  94  ;  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  13  ;  Kegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat. 
Mosc.  1861,  pt.  2,  36,  t.  3.  T.  minus,  var.  tlatum,  Lecoyer,  1.  c.  283,  in  part.  —  Unalaska. 
(Adj.  N.  E.  Asia,  N.  Eu) 

*  *  *  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  not  very  numerous,  panided  on  leafy  stem,  slender-pedi- 
celled :  sepals  tardily  deciduous,  white  or  whitish :  filaments  davate,  erect :  anthers  oval  or 
short-oblong,  pointless:  akenes  compressed,  gii)lious,  one  edge  either  straight  or  concave, 
thin-walled,  not  filled  by  the  seed,  the  sides  with  few  nerves  or  veius. 

H^  Akenes  slender-stipitate,  dorsally  gibbous,  the  ventral  edge  concave. at  maturity,  ajiicu- 
late  with  very  short  style  or  stigma. 

T.  clavatum,  DC  Stems  slender,  1-2-leaved:  leaves  biternate:  leaflets  membranaceous, 
large,  roundish,  very  obtusely  lobed  :  flowers  loosely  cymose :  filaments  bright  white,  the 
petaloid-dilated  summit  quite  as  wide  as  the  oval  anther  :  akenes  .somewhat  lunate-oblong, 
almost  equalled  by  the  filiform  stipe.  —  Syst.  i.  171;  Deless.  Ic.  Sel.  i.  t.  6;  Gray,  Am. 
Jour.  Sci.  xlii.  17,  &  j\Ian.  39.  T.^/ilipes,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  38.  T.  niulicaule,  Schweinitz 
in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  39.  —  Wet  soil  on  mountains,  Virginia-  to  Alabama  and  Georgia; 
first  coll.  by  Michaux,  but  not  published. 

-(—  -i—  Akenes  short-stipitate,  vcntrally  very  gibbous,  tipped  with  subulate  long  stigmatose 
style. 

T.  sparsiflorum,  Turcz.  Stem  a  foot  to  a  yard  high,  striate-angled,  leafy  to  the  top : 
leaves  twice  or  thrice  ternate  or  quinate,  upper  gradually  diminished  and  sessile :  leaflets 
rather  small,  often  pulverulent-glandular  beneath  :  flowers  .sparse  and  narrowly  paniculate  : 
filaments  filiform  with  narrowly  clavate  summit,  much  longer  than  tiie  often  glandular- 
pulierulent  ovaries  :  akenes  half  rhombic-ovate  (a  line  and  a  half  wide),  very  flat,  the  dorsal 
edge  straight.  —  Tiircz.  in  Fisch.  &  Meyer,  Ind.  Sem.  I'etrop.  i.  40  (1835) ;  Hegel,  1.  c.  t.  1  ; 
Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  8;  Wats.  1.  e.  4 ;  Lecoyer,  1.  c.  155.  T.  rlm-alum,  Hook.  Fl.  Btir.-Am. 
i.  2  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  37,  not  DC.  —  Moist  grounds.  Hudson  Bay  district,  from  lat.  .'i7° 
to  the  Aleutian  Islands,  and  southward  in  the  Uocky  Mountains  to  Colorado,  in  the  Sierra 
Madre  to  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Calif.     (N.  Asia.) 

*  *  *  *  Flowers  dioecious,  in  two  species  polygamo-dioecious,  paniculate  on  a  leafy  stem  : 
sepals  whitish,  greenish,  or  dull  purplish,  early  deciduous :  stigmato.se  style  slender-sub- 
ulate and  more  or  less  persistent :  akenes  either  sessile  or  short-stipitate,  moderately  or 
sometimes  not  at  all  gibbous. 

H—  Western  species:  akenes  compressed  but  more  or  less  tumid,  manifestly  ancipital.  thin- 
walled  (except  in  T.  rfjiM/osum)  I  filaments  all  capillary  and  weak:  .anthers  linear,  mucro- 
nate  or  apiculate  :  leaves  2-3-  or  lowest  4-ternately  compound,  or  last  divisions  quinate,  at 
least  the  lower  cauline  petioled :   leaflets  (as  in  all  our  species)  obovate  or  rounded,  or 
cuneate  at  base,  or  subcordate. 
T.  Fendleri,  Engelm.     A  foot  to  a  yard  high,  with  3  to  5  cauline  leaves ;  upper  ones  short- 
jjetiuled  or  ses.sile  :   leaflets  of  rather  firm  texture,  commonly  half  inch  long,  with  lobes 
rounded  or  sometimes  mucronate  acuminate :  carpels  either  numerous  or  few  in  the  head ; 
akenes  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  2  or  3  lines  long,  moderately  oblique,  the  ventral  edge  more 
gibbous,  each  face  mostly  3-nerved  or  ribbed,  the  central  rib  more  salient,  and  the  lateral 
sometimes  branched;  seed  linear-oblong  or  elongated-oblong.  —  Enijelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  IVndl. 
5,  &  PI.  Wright,  ii.  7;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  289;  Lecoyer,  1.  c.  1'34  —Mountains  of 
W.  Texas,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona,  and  north  through  California  and  the  Rocky  Moun- 

1  Uinta  Mts.,  Utah,  Por/er,  and  White  .Mts.  of  Afoiio  Co.,  Oalif.,  Corillc  k  FunJit>m. 

2  Near    Nuttallbnvg,    West  Viiginia,   ace.    to    Millspangli,   Fl.  W.   Va.  320,  nUo  E.  Tennes-sec. 

Parry,  Kearney. 


10  RANUNCULACE-^i:.  ThaJiclrum. 

tains  to  Moutaua  ami  Wvoining.    Varial)le  species,  passing  into  the  two  followiug  extreme 
forms. 

Var.  Wrightii,  Trei.ease.  Slender  and  small-leaved  :  all  or  most  of  the  cauline 
leaves  conspicuously  petioled  ;  leaflets  from  a  quarter  t<>  over  lialf  inch  long  :  akencs  smaller, 
usually  few,  more  angulate-tumid,  the  midnerve  being  carinate-salicnt  at  maturity:  seed 
oval-<jblong,  almost  completely  filling  the  cell.  —  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist,  xxiii.  304.  T. 
Wrightii,  Gray,  PI-  Wriglu.  ii.  7.  — New  Mexico  and  S.  Arizona,  a  form  of  a  drier  district, 
first  coll.  by  \Vri(jht.     (Adj.  .Mex.) 

Var.*  platycarpum,  Tkelease,  l.  c.  Inflorescence  sparsely  glandular-pnoerulent : 
akenes  large  and  flat,  erect,  2  to  .3  lines  long  and  often  fully  2  lines  bruad,  acuminate  :  vein.s 
scarcely  reticulated.  —  Coville,  Coutr.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  55.  T.  hesperium,  Greene, 
Pittouia,  ii.  24.  —  Foothills  and  high  sierras  of  Centr.  and  S.  California,  Kelloijg  &  Harford, 
Cnene,  Gnu/,  J\irisit  Bros. 
T.*  polycarpmn,  Watsox.  Mostly  robust  and  tall,  thinner-leaved  and  glabrous  through- 
out :  akene.s  mure  numerous,  in  fruit  forming  a  globular  head,  larger  (3  lines  long  including  the 
stii)e-like  base,  and  two  lines  wide),  flatter,  but  vesicular  when  fresh,  obovate  or  somewhat 
orbicular,  only  the  midu^rve  usually  apparent  and  that  with  some  branching  veins,  the  cell 
by  no  means  filled  by  the  oblong-linear  seed.  —Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  288,  &  Bot.  Calif,  ii. 
424.  T.  Feudleri,  var.  ?  poli/carimm,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Ilep.  iv.  61,  mainly.  T.  Fendleri, 
Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  4,  mainly.  T.  aexium,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  309,  a  form  with 
leaves  incised  nearly  as  in  the  original  specimens  collected  by  Bigelow.  —  Shady  grounds, 
through  California,  especially  along  the  coast,  apparently  to  Montana.  Seemingly  the  fruit 
is  a  monstrous  condition,  but  it  matures  seed. 
T.  occidentale,  (tRay.  a  foot  or  two  high,  with  2  or  3  usually  slender-petioled  cauline 
leaves :  leaflets  membranaceous,  glaucescent,  commonly  an  inch  or  more  long,  the  lobes 
rounded  ;  akenes  rather  few  or  few  maturing,  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate  and  acuminate, 
hardly  at  all  oblicpie,  3  to  5  lines  long,  hardly  over  a  line  wide,  prominently  3-norved  on 
each  convex  face,  the  midnerve  slightlv  more  salient :  seed  nearly  linear  and  filling  the 
cell. —Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  372;  Wats.  ibid.  xiv.  28».  T.  dioicum,  var.  oxi/carpum,  Torr. 
Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  212.  —  Moist  and  shaded  ground,  Brit.  Columbia,  east  to  Montana,  and 
south  to  Plumas  Co..  California.  T.  megacarpum,  Torr.  in  prem.  Rep.  87  (name  only)  & 
Trelease,  1.  c.  303,  is  probably  a  form  of  this  species  with  shorter  broader  akenes  and  some- 
what thicker  leaflets,  thus  forming  a  transition  to  some  forms  of  T.  Fendleri  or  perhaps  the 
following. 
T.*  venulosum,  Trelease.  Qnite  smooth  and  very  glaucous,  10  inches  to  3  feet  high : 
stem  and  petioles  often  purplish  and  finely  mottled  :  leaves  3-4-ternately  divided,  borne 
upon  rather  long  but  stoutish  and  firm  petioles ;  primary  divisions  well  stalked  but  leaflets 
approximate,  with  .short  petiolules,  rather  more  firm  of  texture  and  smaller  than  in  the 
preceding  species  and  veiny  upon  the  pale  or  whitened  lower  surface,  suborbicular  in  out- 
line, crenately  lol»ed :  inflorescence  commonly  narrow:  achenia  6  to  8,  ovate,  not  strongly 
flattened,  almost  sessile,  narrowed  to  a  slender  straight  or  moderately  curved  beak,  walls 
thickish,  at  lea.st  fii>mer  tharn  in  the  neighboring  species;  ribs  forming  at  maturity  prominent 
free  angles  not  connectedly  reticulation.  —  Proc.  Bost.  Soc,  Nat.  Hist,  xxiii.  302.  ?  T.  Fend- 
leri, J.  M.  Macoun,  Bot.  Gaz.  xvi.  285.  —  Mountainous  districts  from  Colorado,  Parri/, 
Va'sei/,  and  S.  Dakota,  R;idheig,  to  Oregon,  Cusick;  Washington,  y^asei;,  Piper,  Hull, 
Henderson,  and  Rocky  Mts.  of  Brit.  Columbia?  Macoun.  A  species  nearly  related  to  the 
eastern  7'.  dioicum.  A  doubtful  specimen  with  more  expanded  inflorescence  has  been 
collected  on  the  plains  of  the  Saskatchewan,  Bourgean. 

^_^_  Eastern  species;  akenes  terete  or  nearly  so,  costateangled  (some,  of  the  ribs  rarely 
branching  or  anastomosing),  little  or  not  at  all  gibbous,  either  sessile  or  short-stipitate  (in 
the  same  species),  thick-walled,  the  cell  filled  by  the  seed:  filiform-subulate  styles  elon- 
gated, surpassing  the  sepals. 
++  Mostly  tall  (2  to  8  feet  high) :  leaves  3  or  4  times  ternate;  cauline  several,  upper  or  all 
of  them  se.ssile  or  subsessile  by  a  spathaceous  base ;  leaflets  from  roundish  to  oblong,  com- 
monly with  mucronate  lobes  or  tip,  of  rather  firm  texture:  akenes  ovoid  or  short  jblong. 
seldom  over  2  lines  long,  wnth  5  or  6  acute  angulate  ribs,  the  sutural  ones  slightly  more 
salient :  .sepals  caducous :  filaments  white  in  anthesis,  or  sometimes  purplisli :  styles 
tardilv  brcakins:  awav 


ThaUclrwn.  RAXrNCULACK.E.  17 

T.  poiygamum,  Mi  hl.  Stem  tall.  iiiDstlv  {^reen,  glabrouB,  nut  manifoslly  glandular:  loaf- 
Iits  sometimes  minutely  anil  sparsely  jnibeseent  heueatb  (the  Iiairs  Himi)lo  ami  jianeieeliuLir) : 
panielcs  naked  and  mostly  eorymbosc:  iiuwers  polygamous,  developed  toward  midnnmnier, 
more  corymbosely  clustered  than  in  tiie  following:  .sepals  and  stamens  mostly  white;  tiie 
latter  comparatively  short,  ere<t.  with  strongly  elavate  and  rugulose  filani'iits  broader  than 
the  oval  or  obloug  pointless  (or  rarely  apiculatc)  anthers.  —  Cat.  54  (1813),  &  ed.  2,  .">(; 
(1818),  with  eliar.  "  smootl),  ]ioli/i/amoiis."  T.  jmbesans,  J'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  .'188,  by  part  of  char, 
but  not  as  to  pubescence.  T.  cori/iielhim,  DC.  Syst.  i.  172;  Leeoyer,  1.  <•.  143.  T.  Comuii, 
Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  3,  partly  (var.  fi) ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  38."  T.  Cormiii,  Cray,  Man. 
eds.  1-5,  not  L.,  of  which  see  below.  T.  leiicoshmon,  Koch  &  Bouclie,  Ind.  Sem'.  II. .rt. 
Berol.  1854;  \Valp.^\nn.  iv.  12. —  Low  or  wet  grounds,  New  Brunswick  and  Lower  Can- 
ada to  upper  parts  of  Carolina  and  Florida;  at  the  north  liowering  in  July  anil  Aug. 
There  are  male  plants  with  sterile  ovaries,  and  female  witii  some  i)olliniferuus  staniens. 
A  variety  (f.om  N.  New  York  to  mountains  of  Carolina)  lias  akenes  ratlier  conspicuouslv 
stipitate. 

Var.*  macrostylum,  Rohin.sox,  n.  var.  Very  slender:  leaflets  small,  subentire: 
llouer.s  nearly  dia-cious,  the  fertile  ie.ss  numerous  and  in  a  more  spreading  panicle  than  in 
the  typical  form  :  heads  of  akenes  small,  dense,  and  spherical. — T.  Cornuti,  var.  brerifoliuin, 
Siuittleworth  in  herl).  I\  Coimiti,  var.  murrosti/him,  Shuttleworth  in  distr.  Rugel.  7'. 
7n(irrosti/lum,  Small  &  Heller,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  iii.  8.  —  Mountains  of  North  Carolina  to 
Georgia,  Riif/cl,  Smnll  &  Heller.     A  well  marked  variety,  but  passing  into  the  type. 

T.  purpurascens,  L.  Stem  2  to  4  feet  high  or  taller,  often  purplish :  leaflets  mostly 
oblong  or  oblong-cuneate,  more  veiny  and  reticulated,  beneath  with  or  without  some  glaml- 
less  or  gland-tipped  minute  hairs  or  with  waxy  atoms:  panicles  loose  and  more  pyramidal : 
flowers  nearly  dia'cions  (rarely  with  a  few  imperfect  anthers  to  the  female  flowers) :  sepals 
usually  gi'cenish  or  purplish  :  fllaments  wliite  or  pur])lis!i,  cajiillary,  yet  occasionally  clavel- 
late  at  summit,  soon  drooping :  anthers  linear  or  oblong-linear,  nmcronate  or  mucromilate. 
—  Spec.  i.  546,  &  ed.  2,  i.  769  (T.  Viniiniannm  elatius  (jlaucuin,  Morison)  ;  tiray,  .Man. 
ed.  3,  39.  T.  piirpurascena,  &  T.  rugomm  (not  Ait.),  Pursh,  1.  c.  388,  389  ;  Spreug.  I'ugill.  i.  38. 
T.  pubescciis,  Pursh,  1.  c.  388,  in  jjart.  T.  ptir/naascens,  &  T.  revohttiim,  &  partly  T.  Carolini- 
anum,  DC.  Syst.  i.  174.  7'.  Conmti,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  3,t.  2  (var.  a),  &c.  T.  daa.irarpum, 
Fisch.  &  Lall.  Ind.  Sem.  Hort.  Petrop.  1841,  72 ;  Walp.  Hep.  i.  13  ;  Leeoyer,  1.  c.  145,  form 
with  akenes  sparsely  pubescent,  and  some  of  its  ribs  not  rarely  interrupted  or  branching. 
T.  revoliitiim,  Leeoyer,  1.  c.  146,  tiie  form  with  lower  face  of  leaves  and  simietimes  other 
parts  copiou.sly  glandular,  the  ghmds  or  waxy  atoms  some  .surmounting  short  hairs,  some 
sessile.  This  is  T.  imrfnintsrens,  var.  cerij'eriim,  C.  F.  Austin  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  39;  but 
all  the  varieties  freely  run  together.  Muhlenberg,  F"l.  Lancast.  ms..  well  described  the 
species  under  the  name  of  T.  rjmveolciis,  on  account  of  the  heavy  scent,  which  is  greater- in 
the  more  glandular  form.  —  On  drier  ground,  Canada  and  Saskatchewan  to  Florida,  Texas, 
New  Mexico,  and  Arizcma  ;  fl.  spring  and  earliest  summer. 

T.*  COriaceum,  Sm.u.l.  Dicecious,  3  to  6  feet  high  :  roots  of  stout  bright  yellow  fibres :  the 
short  petioles  niucli  dilateil :  leaflets  obovate  or  suhorl)icular  in  outline  and  creiiate-toothed 
or  lobed  nearly  as  in  the  following,  pale  beneath,  thickish  for  the  genus  but  scarcely  at  all 
coriaceous:  akenes  more  or  less  strongly  .stipitate.  —  Mem.  Torr.  ('lub,  iv.  98.  T.dioinim, 
var.  coriaceum,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xviii.  363.  —  Mountains  of  Southwestern  Virginia 
and  North  (Carolina,  Porter,  Small,  Heller. 

++•»-*  Comparatively  low,  wholly  dinecious,  and  the  fewer  cauline  leaves  slender-petioled  : 
leaflets  with  rounded  and  pointless  lobes  or  teeth  :  akenes  small  (le.ss  than  2  lines  long), 
completely  terete  and  with  equal  ribs ;  the  stigma  or  style  deciduous. 

T.  dioicum,  L.  Fibrou.'s-rooted,  glaucous  or  pale :  stem  a  foot  or  two  high,  only  2-3-leaTed  : 
leaves  thrice  or  lowest  four  times  ternate  ;  leaflets  mostly  slender-petiolnlate  and  drooping, 
roundish  and  snbcordate  :  panicles  rather  small  and  pedicels  umbelhite  :  flowers  greenish  m  itb 
dull  purplish  tinge ;  the  male  drooping,  with  capillary  filaments  little  longer  than  the  linoar 
fuscous  mucronate  anthers :  carjiels  5  to  13  :  linear  stigma  occupying  the  whole  length  »>f 
the  .style  and  broader,  much  longer  than  the  ovary  :  akenes  strongly  10-12-costate.  —  Spec, 
i.  545:  Torr.  &  Grav,  Fl.  i.  3S;  Meehan.  Native  Flowers,  i.  45,  t.  12.  T.  hmtjntum.  Michx. 
ri.   i.  .122.      T.  Cnn.liui'nuim,  Hose  in   DC.  Sv.st.  i.  174,  excl.  v;.r  —W, ..,!..!   l,;n..l,I...    \.u- 


18  RANUXCULACE.E.  Thulicfnnn. 

Brunswick  and  Canarla,  north  to  lat.  67°,  west  to  the  hase  of  the  nortliern  Rocky  jMuun- 

tains,  and  south  to  Carolina,  Alabama,  &c. ;  11.  early  spring. 

T.  debile,  Buckl.     Fascicled  roots  tuberous :  stems  weak  and  slender  or  filiform,  a  span  to  a 

foot  long,  2-4-leaved  :  leaves  mostly  twice  ternate  ;  leaflets  .small  (2  to  8  lines  long),  roundi.sh : 

panicle  loosely  few-flowered,  slender  and  racemiform  :  flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  male  with  7 

to  11  .stamens  with  slender  filaments  shorter  than  the  olilong-linear  mucronulato  anthers ; 

female  with  3  to  9  carpels :  stigma.**  subulate  :  akenes  sessile  and  subtended  by  the  marcescent 

calyx,  oblong,  6-8-costate.— Am.  Journ.  Sci.  xlv.  175;    Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  8;    Chapm. 

Fl.  5  ;  Leco\  er,  1.  c.  139.  —  Woods  and  moist  prairies,  Alabama,  Btulclr.i/,  N.  W.   Georgia, 

Chapman,  and  E.  Te.xas,  Wrir/ht.     Var.  TexAnum,  Gray  (Cat.  Coll.  Hall,  PI.  Te.x.  3),  is  a 

form  with  firmer  stem  and  thicker  smaller  leaflets  nmch  whitened  beneath  and  but  1  to  2^ 

lines  iu  breadth ;  collected  ou  moist  prairies  about  Houston,  Hall. 

■    T.  Corni3ti,  L.  Spec.  i.  545.     It  becomes  evident  that  this  name  ought  to  suh.side,  as  Do 

Oandolle  suggested.      It  rests   wholly  on  the  descriptious  and   figures  of  Cornuti  and  of 

Morison,  the  latter  apparently   taken   from  the  former;   which,  though  meutioned  a-s  "in 

Canadensi  solo  nascitur,"  was  almost  certainly  figured  and  described   from  a  plant  of  the 

European  T.af/uileyifolium,  L. 

T.  KUGOSUM,  Ait.  Kew.  ii.  262,  said  to  be  a  native  of  North  America,  and  to  have  been 
introduced  into  cultivation  in  England  by  Dr.  Fothergill  in  1774,  has  hermaphrodite  flowers 
and  is  a  form  of  T.  (/laucum  of  Europe.  T.  discolor,  Willd.  ace.  to  Spreng.  Pugill.  i.  39,  is 
also  T.  glaucum,  and  not  American. 

6.  TRAUTVETTfiRIA,  Fisch.  &  Meyer.  {Prof.  Ernst  Rudolph  Traut- 
vetter,  Rus.sia.)  —  Pereuuial  herbs;  with  iDalmatifid  and  reticulate-veiny  leaves, 
the  radical  ample  and  long-petioled,  the  few  cauline  short-petioled  or  sessile  ;  the 
stem  branching  at  summit  and  bearing  loose  corymbose  cymes  of  white  flowers, 
the  filaments  being  white  and  conspicuous  in  the  manner  of  Thalictvum,  the 
greenish  white  sepals  falling  when  they  open.  — Ind.  Sem.  Hort.  Petrop.  1835, 
22 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  37  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  25,  t.  1}  Hydrastis,  Lam.  111. 
t.  500,  not  L.  —  Three  species,  much  alike,  the  third  in  Japan  and  Amur;  fl. 
summer. 

T.  palmata,  Fiscn.  &  Meyer,  1.  c.  Two  or  three  feet  high,  puberulcnt  or  glabrous : 
radical  leaves  a  span  to  a  foot  in  diameter,  5-1 1-cleft,  with  lobes  irregularly  and  acutely 
incised  and  serrate,  or  some  again  2-3-lobed,  extremely  and  conspicuously  reticulate-veiny ; 
cauline  leaves  sessile  or  the  lowest  petioleil :  akenes  2  or  3  lines  long,  obliquely  obovate  in 
outline,  tipped  with  very  short  style. —Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Gray,  1.  c.  26,  &  Man.  40.2 
//yrf;as</,s  Caro/inens(s,  Walt.  Car.  156.  //.  Canorfens/s,  Poir.  vSuppl.  iii.  71,  not  L.  Cimici- 
fitga  palmata,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  316  ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  1. 1630.  Thnllctrum  ranunculinum,  Muhl.  in 
Willd.  Pnum.  585 ;  DC.  Syst.  i.  186.  T.  palmatum,  Spreng.  Syst.  ii.  674.  Actaa  palmata, 
DC.  Syst.  i.  383.  — Moist  ground  along  streamlets,  Indiana  »  and  E.  Kentucky,  and  along  the 
Alleghanies  from  Maryland  to  Georgia. 

T.  grandis,  Nftt.  Not  larger  :  leaves  thinner,  inconspicuously  reticulate-veined.;  cauline 
usually  petioled  :  akenes  smaller,  broader  and  more  rounded  at  base,  tipped  with  a  longer 
style.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  37 ;  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  425 ;  Lawson,  Rev.  Canad. 
Ranunc.  43.  T.  palmata,  var.  occidentalis,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  372.  Jrtea  pal- 
mata. Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  2C.  A.  (jrandts,  Dietr.  Syn.  PI.  iii.  233. —  Woods,  W.  Idaho 
and  Brit.  Columbia  to  Plumas  Co.,  California,  Mrs.  Austin  ;  first  coll.  by  Menzies. 

7.  ADONIS,  Dill.  Pheasant's-eye.  (^rfom's,  the  youth  Joved  by  Venus, 
and  after  liis  death  changed  into  a  flower.)  —  Caulescent  herbs  of  the  Old  World; 
with  finely  dissected  leaves  and  handsome  flowers;  a  perennial  vernal  species 

1  Recent  literature  :  E.  Huth,  Revision,  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xvi.  286. 

2  Add  Syn.  T.  CnroHnie'nsis,  A.  M.  Vail,  Mem.  Torr.  Cliib,  ii.  42. 

3  Westward  to  Bcar<lstown,  111.-,  6Vv«-  (a  thic-kisli-leaved  form,  the  var.  coriacea  of  Huth,  1.  c.  288). 


Mfjnsiirus.  It  A  N  L  N  t  T  L  A  L  E  A  ,E.  \  \) 

(A.  verualis)  sometimes  cultivated  for  ornament,  and  the  following  a  precariously 
naturalized  weed.  — Cat.  PI.  Giss.  App.  109,  t.  4 ;  L.  Gen.  no.  4G.j. 
A.  autdmnAlis,  L.  Low  annual,  summer-flowering,  leafy  :  petals  st-arlet  or  crim.son  or  piiler, 
^vith  a  dark  .s])ot  at  hase  :  mature  akeues  riigose-retienlatc,  sliort-pointed.  —  Spec.  e<i.  a, 
i.  771  ;  Sehk.  Handb.  t.  152;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  9  ;  Torr.  &  V,r,\\\  FI.  i.  l.-i.  .1.  (ihhuu, 
L.  Spec.  i.  .547,  in  part.  —  Labrador,  herli.  Hooker,  doubtles.s  a  tr.m.sient  introdnclion. 
Sparingly  and  occa.'*ionall}  met  with  in  and  near  lieid.s,  especially  in  S.  Atlantic  and  (Jnlf 
States.     (Nat.  i'rom  Fn.) 

8.  MYOStTRUS,  Dill.  Moisetail,  (Name  ij-om  /xCs,  a  mouse,  and 
ovpd,  tail,  alludes  to  the  shape  of  spike  of  pistils.)  —  Very  small  annuals,  of  tem- 
perate countries ;  with  linear  or  filiform  or  at  first  spatulate  entire  leaves  in  a 
radical  tuft,  and  simple  one-Howered  scapes ;  the  yellowish  or  whiti.sh  flower  suc- 
ceeded by  the  slender  spike  or  (in  depauperate  specimens)  oblong  lica<l  of  carpels. 
These  are  in  all  the  species  more  or  less  follicular,  dehiscing  suturally  when  they 
separate  from  the  axis,  liberating  the  seed  !  Spur  or  appendage  to  the  sepals 
variable,  in  some  flowers  obsolete.  —  Cat.  PI.  Giss.  App.  106,  t.  4  (as  Myosuron) ; 
L.  Gen.  no.  257.-^ 

*   Mature  carpels  with  back  carinate  from  base  to  apex  (and  commonly  but  \ariably  pro 
longed  into  a  tip  or  beak),  not  subcrose-  or  cellular-thickened. 

M.  apetalus,  (^.w.  Petals  not  rarely  wanting:  body  of  tlic  akene  oblong,  or  semi-ovate, 
utricular,  thiu  or  even  scarious  ;  the  narrow  thickened  back  traversed  by  a  salient  greenish 
keel:  seed  oblong.  —  Fl.  Chil.  i.  31,  t.  1  ;  Gray.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  2.  M.  aristutus, 
Benth.  in  Hook.  Lend.  Jonrn.  Bot.  vi.  458 ;  "Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  5  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot. 
Calif,  i.  5 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  N.  Zeal.  i.  8.  —  Mountains  of  Colorado,  Utah,  and  Idaho  to  Brit. 
Columbia,  California,  and  Arizona;  first  coll.  t)y  Gei/er.  (Chili,  New  Zealand,  &c.)  The 
typical  form  has  carpel-spike  from  near  an  inch  long  and  linear-cylindrical  down  to  (|uarter 
inch  and  ovoid-oblong,  and  more  or  less  squarrose  by  the  prolongation  of  the  salient  keel  of 
the  carpels  into  a  subulate  ascending  or  spreading  Ijeak,  which  is  sometimes  as  long  as  the 
body  of  the  akene  itself,  but  is  occasionally  erect  and  much  sliorter.- 

Var.  leptlirUS,  Gray.  Slender :  carpel-spike  narrower ;  cari)els  mostly  smaller, 
beaklcss  or  very  short-pointed  :  seed  elongated-oblong.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Cluli,  xiii  2.  M.  mini- 
niiis,  var.  fllformis,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  277,  in  small  part.  M.  austrulis,  Mucll. 
Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Victoria,  i.  6  (1855),  &  M.  minimus,  Benth.  Fl.  Austral,  i.  8? — Same 
range,  or  nearly,  from  many  collectors,  and  with  intermediate  forms;  passed  in  various  col- 
lections as  Af.  minimus. 

M.  minimus,  L.  Carpel-spike  commonly  elongated,  inch  or  two  long :  mature  carpels 
somewhat  quadrate,  witli  broader  usually  rhomboidal  and  Hat  back,  traversed  by  very  low 
keel,  ending  in  a  short  and  appressed  or  often  obsolete  pointed  tij>  (in  eastern  sjiecimfens  the 
tip  often  wholly  wanting,  as  in  fig.  Sclik.  Handb.  t.  88,  it.  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  2f<) ;  the  body 
less  utricular  and  thicker-walled:  seed  oval.  —  Spec.  i.  284;  Gray,  1.  c.  i.  28,  t.  8;  IJaill. 
Hist.  PI.  i.  42,  i.  71-75.  M.  Shortii,  Raf.  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  379.  — Low  ground.  Illinois 
to  Florida  and  west  to  Wa,shington  and  California.  A  variety  from  California  (also  Sicilian) 
has  fruiting  scapes  only  2  to  6  lines  long.-''     (En.,  N.  Afr.) 

M.  sessilis,  Watson.  Flowers  and  cylindrical  (half  inch  long  ami  a  line  thi<'k)  carpel- 
spikes  sessile  at  the  crown;  the  latter  in  a  s])i-eading  tuft,  nuu-li  shorter  than  the  leaves : 
carpels  with  oval  scarious  utricular  I)ody  and  narrow  acutely  carinate  green  back,  continued 

1  Further  literature:  E.  L.  Greene,  Revision,  Bull.  Calif.  Acid.  Sci.  i.  276-279;  A.  Gray,  Not4s 
on  Myosurus,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  1-4;  E.  Ilutii,  Revision,  in  Engl.  .Ji.lirb.  xvi.  28.V2S6. 

2  M.  aristatu^,  var.  sessiliflorm,  E.  Huth  1.  c.  286,  from  N.  W.  Solano,  Calif.,  Jepson,  differs  oidy 
in  its  sessile  flowers. 

3  This  is  the  M.  hrriiscapiis,  v.ir.  Cnli/oitiiciu^  of  Huth,  1.  c.  28,'>,  but  ai>poars  to  be  tlioroiigldy 
confluent  with  M.  minimHji. 


20  RANUNCULACE^.  Mnosurue.. 

into  a  prominent  erect  or  slightly  spreading  subulate  beak :  seed  oval.  —  Proc.  Am.  Awid. 
xvii.  3Gi;  Greene,  1.  c.  278. —  Alkaline  Hats  iu  Umatilla  Co,  N.  E.  Oregon,  Howell.^ 
*    *   Mature  carpels  with  back  developed  into  a  wliitish  cellular-  or  suberose-cartilaginous 
border  around  the  salient  and  laterally  compressed-beaked  keel. 

M.  alopecuroides,  Greene.  Scapes  short  and  tliickish,  bearing  a  f'^ekish  fruiting 
.<j)ike:  niatuic  larji.ls  somewhat  ijuadrate,  with  cellular-scarious  body,  and  oblong  thickened 
cellular-bordered  somewhat  concave  l)ack,  tlie  short  keel  projecting  into  a  prominent  and 
spreading  subulate  beak  :  seed  oblong-oval.  —  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  278.  -^  California, 
near  Antioch,  Mrs.  Cnnan.'^  Spur  or  appendage  of  sepals  (as  in  other  species)  of  variable 
length,  not  rarely  short  or  almost  obsolete. 

M.  cupulatus,  Watson.  Scapes  elongated  and  slender,  bearing  a  mostly  elongated  and 
slender  fruiting  spike :  mature  carpels  roundish,  slightly  compressed  within,  the  almost 
cartilaginous  much-thickened  portion  ])rojccting  into  a  shallow  dor.sal  cup  around  the  base 
of  the  laterally  much  flattened  triangular-subulate  or  gladiate  erect  or  slightly  spreading 
green  beak  ;  the  proper  cell  small  and  narrow,  filled  with  the  ov.al  seed.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
xvii.  362 ;  Greene,  1.  c.  —  Hills  and  mountains  of  Arizona  and  adjacent  New  Mexico,  Greene, 
Lemmon,  Pringle. 

9.  RANtJNCULUS,  Tourn.  Crowfoot,  Buttercup.  (Latin  name  of 
a  tadpole,  applied  by  Pliny  to  aquatic  species  of  this  genus.)  —  A  large  ami 
much  diversified  cosmopolitan  genus  of  perennial  or  annual  herbs,  of  various 
habit.  — Inst.  285,  t.  149;  L.  Gen.  no.  464;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  15,  incl. 
Cyrtorhyncha,  Nutt. ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  5,  incl.  Oxygraphis,  Bunge  ;  Gray, 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  363-378. 

R.  FicAri.v,  L.  (representing  the  section  FicAria,  which  has  roots  tuberous-thickened  down- 
ward, Cu///ia-like  leaves,  and  scapiform  peduncle  bearing  a  3-sepalous  and  about  9-petalous 
flower)  has  been  collected  at  Flushing,  Long  Island,  and  on  the  Wissahickon  near  Phila- 
delphia 8  escapes  from  cultivation.  There  is  no  telling  what  Walter's  R.  Ficaria  may  be, 
perhaps  Caltha. 

R.  HornemAnni,  Schlecht.  Animad.  Ranuue.  ii.  36 ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  44  (/?.  tiiberosiis,  Ilornem. 
Ilort.  Hafn.  ii.  527)  is  purely  R.  bulbosus,Jide  Lange. 

R.  DEBii.is,  Raf.  in  Desv.  Joum.  Bot.  i.  225  (1808),  coll.  near  Germantown,  Penn.,  is  not 
to  be  made  out. 

R.  OBTUsiT5scuLrs,  Raf.  1.  c.  is  equally  indeterminable,  even  with  the  help  of  a  tracing  from 
an  original  sketch,  possessed  by  the  N.  Y.  Academy  of  Science.s,  which  is  probably  not  true 
to  nature,  representing  cauline  foliage  of  R.  pusillus,  from  an  annual  root,  5-merous  poly- 
androus  flowers  witii  persistent  linear-lanceolate  sepals  and  a  long  style. 

§  1.  BatrAchium,  DC.  Petals  white  with  yellow  base  and  a  naked  (not 
scale-covered)  nectariferous  pit :  akenes  of  JEuranuncuIus  but  transversely  rugose, 
marginless :  stamens  often  few :  aquatic  or  occasionally  subaquatic,  either  peren- 
nial by  rooting  from  the  nodes  or  winter-annuals,  with  submersed  leaves  filiform- 
dissected  and  either  with  or  without  emersed  dilated  leaves ;  the  stipular-dilated 
base  of  petiole  membranous :  peduncles  solitary,  opposite  the  leaves.  —  Syst.  i. 
233.  Batrachium,  S.  F.  Gray,  Brit.  PI.  ii.  720;  Wimmer,  Fl.  Schles.  ^,  fide 
Fries,  Bot.  Not.  1842,  no.  8,  &  Novit.  Mant.  iii.  51.  Ranunculus  kydrocharis, 
Spenner,   Fl.   Frib.    1007;  Hiern   in   Seem.  .Tourn.   Bot.  ix.  44.     Between   this 

1  Also  San  Joaquin  Val.,  Calif.,  Greene,  ace.  to  Hutli,  who  places  in  this  species  also  Prof.  Greene's 
M.  minimus,  var.  apus  (Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  277). 

2  Also  near  V.icaville,  Calif.,  Grerne. 

^  Also  at  Hingham,  Mass  ,  Cun/ihi;/,  and  Willow  Brook,  Richmond  Co.,  N.  Y.  ace.  to  Hollick  & 
Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  CluV),  xviii.  21-3. 


Banunculus.  UANLNCL'LACE.E.  31 

reductiou  to  one  species  and  the  admission  of  35,  pruluiljlv  tlic  1k.-Uit  elioi<-e  is  Uj 
admit  the  following  tiloiig  with  Ji.  Jiuitans,  Lum.,  and  thus  preserve  the  earliest 

names. 

*  Styles  subulate,  nut  loii^r,-r  tliaii  tlio  ovary,  iutmrsciy  Mlif,'iii:it..s.^  f..r  pari  ..r  :ill  <.f  their 

length :  petals  deciduous. 
H-  Carpel-receptacle    more    or   less    hairy :    submersed    (■ai)ilhiry-niultilid    folia^'e    always 
preseut,  oftener  no  other  in  American  jdants:  petals  several-nerved.— A',  w/uulihs,  L. 

R.  circinatUS,  Siuxn.  Wholly  sul)mersed  and  destitute  of  emersed  foliaf^e:  leaves  seswilc 
(down  to  the  very  sliort  stipular-dilated  base)  and  dissecte<l  into  rigid  lobes,  all  spreading  in 
one  plane  (at  riglit  angles  to  stem)  in  an  orl)icular  outline  of  about  an  indi  in  diameter,  not 
at  all  collapsing  when  drawn  out  of  water  :  style  as  long  as  tlie  ovary,  stigmat^)se  above,  n<.t 
rarely  persisting  as  a  subulate  beak.  —  Fl.  Oxon.  175  ;  Eng.  Bot.  Sui)pl.  iv.  t.  28G'J  ;  Ueichenl*. 
Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  iii.  t.  2;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  22.36.  R.  af/uatilis,  /3,  L.  Spec.  i.  55G,  in  part;  Sciik. 
Ilandb.  t.  152.  R.  stafjnatalis,  Wallr.  Sched.  Crit.  285.  R.  rhjidus,  Uutli.  En.  I'l.  Pba:uog. 
Germ.  i.  sec.  2,  633.  R.  dicuricatus,  Kocii  in  Sturm,  Deutsch.  Fl.  xvi.  Heft  67,  &c.  (not, 
it  is  said,  of  Schrank,  nor  of  Ma-uch) ;  Godroii,  Ess.  27,  f.  7  ,  Gray,  Man.  cd.  5,  40,  &  PI. 
Wright,  ii.  8.  R.  aquatUis,  var.  divaricatus,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,  7.  R.  lunyuostris,  Godron, 
1.  c.  32,  f.  9.  R.aquatilis,\aT.  hmjiroslris,  Lawson,  1.  c.  43.  /Jiilracluum  c'n'inntum,  Spach, 
Hist.  Veg.  vii.  201  ;  Fries,  Herb.  Norm.  1842,  &c.i  —  In  still  water,  Gauada  and  Hudson  liay 
to  Brit.  Columbia,  and  W.  Texas,  but  mainly  northeastward.     (Eu.) 

R.  aquatilis,  L.  Leaves  pctioled  ;  the  emersed  ones  present  in  the  type,  renifonn  or  orbicu- 
lar, 3-.")-lobed  or  sometimes  parted  and  tlie  divisions  2-3-cleft :  sultmersed  ones  dissected 
into  eitlier  filiform  or  capillary  divisions,  wliich  are  widely  spreading,  usually  of  rather  tirin 
texture,  or  else  flaccid  so  as  to  collapse  when  drawn  out  of  water :  style  short.  —  Spec.  i. 
556,  &c.  The  typical  form  is  var.  HKTEROrnYLLUS,  DC.  Frodr.  i.  26  (/i.  ui/uutilis,  DC. 
Sys't.  i.  234,  R.  heterophjlUis,  Weber,  Fries,  &c.) ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  10;  Gray,  .Man.  od. 
5^  40..2  —  Growing  in  shalbjw  waters,  in  this  country  only  from  Alaska  and  the  a<ijacent 
islands  (where  taken  by  Schlechteudal  for  R.  hedema'us)  to  Oregon  and  California.  (Eu., 
Asia.) 

Var.  trichophyllus,  Gu.w,  1.  c.  All  the  leaves  di.ssected  :  tlie  most  available 
name  for  the  collective  forms  [R.  pantothnx,  Brot  in  DC.  Syst.  i.  235);  l>ut  used  in 
restricted  sense  for  tliose  witli  rather  sliort  and  slightly  rigid  leaves,  whicli  do  not  collap.<;e 
on  withdrawal  from  the  v>a.ter.  —  R.  tric/iophj/llus,  Chaix  in  Vill.  Fl.  Daupli.  i.  335,  &  7.'. 
divaricatus,  Schrank,  Baiersclie  Fl.  ii.  H)4,Jide  Hiern.8  Var.  nuAenvpus,  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot. 
Beech.  316,  with  peduncle  shorter  tliaii  tlic  leaf,  is  the  commoner  form  of  this  in  California.* 
"Var.  C/KSI'1t6sus,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  26,  is  a  dwarf  and  coinlenscd  form,  boconiing  terrestrial ; 
the  leaves  becoming  somewbat  fleshy  or  rigiil.  Var.  coNKKKVofuES  (A',  con/firoides,  Frie.o, 
Sum.  Veg.  Scand.  i.  139)  is  aTlwarf  form  with  capillary  flabby  leaves,  found  only  north- 
ward. Var.  flAccidls  (A.  flnccidus,  I'ers.  in  Usteri,  Ann.  Bot.  v.  pt.  14,  39),  with  soft 
cai)illary  dissected  leaves,  collapsing  on  withdrawal  from  the  water :  New  England,  New 
York,  &c.,  commonly  a  large  form,  in  rather  deep  water,  with  longer  or  le.-js  numerous  leaf- 
divisions  :    answering  to  A.  aquatilis,  var.  submersus,  Godron  in  Cireu.  &  Godr.  Fl.  Fr.  i.  23, 

1  Add  syn.  Batrachium  divmicatum,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  160,  not  Wimm.  (wbi.-li  Wing 
R.  divaricntus,  Schrank,  was,  ace.  to  Hieni,  a  fomi  of  the  plant  here  called  lianuncultu  nyipiti/M,  vnr. 
trichophyllus). 

2  Add  syn.  A.  Grnynntis,  Freyn,  Deutsche  Bot.  Monat.sschr.  viii.  179,  and  A.  wiuatihs,  var.  his- 
pididiis.  Drew,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvi.  150.  The  hispid  character  of  the  lower  surface  of  the  eniei-swi 
leaves  is  a  very  general  one  both  in  European  and  American  specimens,  and  is  in  no  wise  restricted  to 
plants  with  trifid  leaves. 

8  Add  syn.  Batrachium  trichnphyllum,  Roscb,  Prodr.  Fl.  Bat.  .1. 

*  R.  Porteri,  Britton  (Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvii.310).  known  from  iniiierfect  specimens,  appears  to  1k) 
hut  11  form  of  the  same  polymorphous  species.  Its  akenes  are  three  fourths  line  in  .liamet^r  and  iU 
leaves  are  dissected,  .some  into  narrowly  linear,  others  into  lilifomi  segments.  If  a  form  of  this  si>ecio9 
it  may  also  be  placed  between  vars.  caspHo.tus  and  Iricho/dri/llii.';. 


22  liANUNCL'LACE.'E.  Kanunculus. 

&  B.  aquatilis,  \aT.  trichophi/llus.  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,40.  —  In  ponds,  and  especially  iu  slow- 
flowing  streams,  almost  everywhere.     (Ku.,  Asia.) 

-»—  -f—  Carpel-receptacle  glabrou.s  :    uo  submersed  dissected  leaves :    ])etals  about  3-ucrved, 
narrow. 

R.  hederAceus,  L.  1.  c.  Rooting  freely  on  muddy  banks  or  in  shallow  water  :  leaves  all 
reniform,  angulate-lobed :  peduncles  uot  surpassing  the  petiole  :  flowers  small,  with  few  and 
small  aiienes.  — FI.  Dan.  t.  321 ;  Eug.  Bot.  t.  2003  ;  Reicheub.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  iii.  t.  2.  —In 
fresh  water  marshes  at  Norfolk,  V'irginia,  Afuir.^     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

*  *   Styles  long  and  filiform,  with  small  terminal  stigma :  petals  deciduous. 

R.  Lobbii,  Guay.  Submersed  leaves  either  none  or  few  and  of  few  divisions:  cmersed 
small  (at  most  half  inch  broad),  divergently  3-parted  into  oval  or  oblong  and  entire  or 
L-2-notclied  lobes :  stamens  .5  to  10:  carpels  not  more  numerous ;  styles  about  thrice  the 
length  of  the  ovary,  of  equal  width  from  base  to  apex,  only  the  ba.se  persisting  on  the 
oblong  obliquely  rugose  akenes,  these  mostly  enclosed  in  the  marcesceut-persistent  petals : 
receptacle  small,  wholly  glabrous.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  364.  R.  hydrocharis,  forma 
Lobbii,  Hiern  in  Seem.  Journ.  Bot.  ix.  66,  t.  114  (as  sub-species),  at  least  as  to  Bigelow's 
plant,  and  probably  as  to  that  of  Lobb  from  Oregon.  R.  Itederaceiis,  var.,  Torr.  Pacif.  R. 
Rep.  iv.  62.  R.  ac/uatilis,  \a.v.  Lobbti,  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  17.  R.  hedemceus,  var.  Lobbii, 
Lawson,  Rev.  Canad.  Raimuc.  44,  partly.  —  In  water.  California,  Corte  Madera,  Marin  Co. ; 
near  Bay  of  Sau  Francisco,  Bigelow;  Tomales  Bay,  Greene;  Oregon,  Lobb,  in  herb.  Kew. 

§  2.  PsEUDAPiiANOSTEMMA,  Gray.  Petals  and  petaloid  (white  tardily  decid- 
uous) sepals  of  §  Aphanostemyna,  with  carpels  and  habit  of  §  Oxygraphis  :  viz. 
the  former  inane,  reduced  to  a  minute  fleshy-thickened  lamina  or  nectary  on  a 
slender  claw ;  the  latter  lanceolate,  acuminate,  compressed,  membranaceous  and 
utricular,  obscurely  one-nerved  on  the  sides,  the  cell  much  longer  than  the  seed. 
—  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  365.     Kumlienia,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  337. 

R.  hystriculus,  Gray.  Low  and  glabrous  perennial  with  fascicled  roots :  leaves  mainly 
radical,  long-petioled,  orbicular-xeniform,  5-7-lobed  and  coar.sely  crenate-dentate :  scapes  a 
span  or  two  high,  naked  or  one-leaved  below  and  one-flowered,  sometimes  with  a  small  leaf 
above  and  a  second  flower:  sepals  5  or  6,  oval,  quarter  to  half  inch  long:  carpels  numerous 
in  a  globose  and  squarrose  head  when  mature,  sparsely  pubescent,  lanceolate  and  gradually 
attenuate  into  the  persistent  style  (together  about  3  lines  long) ;  the  oval  seed  supra-ba,sal. 
—  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  328  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  6.  Kumlienia  hijstricula,  Greene, 
1.  c.  —  Moist  ground,  western  side  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  at  .5,000  feet,  Yosemite  to  Butte 
Co.,  Boliinder,.  Brerver,  Mrs.  AustiJi,  Rattan,  &c. 

§  3,  Crtmodes  (i.  e,  glacialis).  Gray.  Petals  rose-color  or  white  (ample, 
nectariferous  and  with  imperfect  scale),  and  with  the  sepals  marcesceut-per- 
sistent: carpels  utricular:  seed  oblong:  showy  flowered  low  perennials,  with 
fibrose-fasciculate  roots,  arctic  or  alpine,  with  the  notable  exception  of  the  follow- 
ing, glabrous  at  least  up  to  the  sepals.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  365. 

R.  Andersonii,  Gray.  A  span  or  two  high  :  leaves  chiefly  radical,  2-3-ternately  or 
pedately  divided  or  parted  ;  lobes  thickish,  lanceolate  to  linear:  scape  one-leaved  or  naked, 
1-2-flowered  :  sepals  glabrous:  petals  rose-color  or  pink,  orliicular  or  flabellate-obovate  witli 
narrow  claw,  half  inch  long :  mature  carpels  wholly  utricular  and  membranous-walled  but 
compressed,  obovate-orbicular  and  oblique,  3  lines  long,  the  cell  of  the  whole  width  except  ;i 
very  narrow  scarious  margin,  abruptly  apicnlate  with  very  .short  style.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
vii.  327  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  6,  t.  1 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif.  1.  6,  with  a  slender  form, 
var.  tenellus,  Wats.^  —  Eastern  part  of  Sierra  Nevada,  California  and  Nevada,  Anderson, 

1  Also  collected  in  Dismal  Swamp,  Va.,  Ckickering,  and  in  Newfoundland,  at  New  Harbor,  ^Vac/- 
home,  Bona  Vista  Bay,  Oshnrn,  and  Quiddy  Viddy  Lake,  Robinson  &  Schrenh.  fiatrachium  hede- 
raceum,  S.  F.  Gray,  Brit.  PI.  ii.  72,  is  a  synonjin. 

2  Add  syn.  Oxygraphis  Andersoni,  Freyn,  Flora,  Ixx.  140. 


Ranunculus.  RANUNCULACEyE.  23 

Ltmiiwn,  &c.  to  uear  Salt  Lake,  Utali,  WuWm,  in.-.,  ami  Boise  City,  S.  W.  Idaho,   WUcui, 
at  5,000  to  9,000  foot. 

11.  Chamissonis,  Schleolit.  Aiiimad  Uaiiuiic  i.  12,  t.  1,  is  known  (Jiily  on  the  Artiatic  Biilo 
of  Bering  Strait,  aud  is  uincii  neairr  ihe  following,  Imt  with  more  utrimilar  and  gildnjuj*  fruit 
and  longer  more  naked  style  (accordin;^  to  herh.  Kew) ;  it  is  vcrv  little  known. 

R.  glaciAlis,  L.,  of  Europe,  ou  the  otlier  hand,  coming  ;us  near  the  Amcrieau  coutiticnt 
as  Greenland,  has  dark-hairy  ealyx  and  longer  beaked  bniadly  semi-ovate  carpels  ;  when  young 
these  are  wholly  scarious-utricular ;  in  age  the  portion  immediately  around  tlie  seed  l>ccome8 
coriaceous,  the  rest  forming  the  hyaline  wing,  which,  however,  is  bilamelljir  and  pervious*. 

§  4.  CYiiTORnvNCUA,^  Gray.  Pefcils  pale  yellow,  bearing  a  promiueut  simple 
or  bifid  callosity  on  the  inner  face  (with  the  whitish  or  yellowish  membranaceous 
sepals)  deciduous  :  stamens  about  20 :  carpels  in  a  globular  head,  Thulictnunr 
like,  in  fruit  somewhat  utricular  akeues,  oblong,  terete,  or  ovate  and  laterally 
flattened,  prominently  about  10-costate,  tipped  with  a  short  subulate  inflexed  or 
slightly  recurved  style,  subcoriaceous,  loosely  lilied  by  the  oblong  erect  seed: 
fibrose-rooted  perennials.  —  (Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  G.)  Proc.  Acad.  Philad. 
18G3,  56.      Cyrtorhyncha,  Nutt.  in  Torn  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  2G. 

R.  Nuttallii,  Gray,  I.  c.  A  span  to  near  a  foot  high,  glabrous:  leaves  2-3-teruately  divided 
aud  parted  into  oblong  or  lanceolate  lobes  ;  radical  loug-petiolcd,  cauline  one  or  two  and 
small :  stems  corymbosely  several-liowered :  petals  5  to  9,  2  lines  long,  spatulate-oblong : 
akenes  a  line  or  so  long.  —  Cj/rtorhynclia  ranunculina,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  —  Ilocky 
Mountains  of  Wyoming  aud  Colorado  ;  fl.  >:pring  and  summer;  first  coU.  by  Nuttall. 

R.  Cooleyae,  Vasky  &  Rose.  Glabnrus,  3  to  10  inches  high:  root  a  cluster  of  stout  fibres: 
leaves  cliietly  radical,  orbicular  iu  outline,  deeply  aud  palmately  3-5-cleft,  1  to  1^  inches 
in  diameter;  the  lobes  flabelliform,  creuate-dentate  and  again  more  or  less  deeply  parted ; 
the  cauline  leaves  solitary  or  absent,  smaller  and  of  simpler  contour :  stem  simple  or  on«e 
branched :  sepals  greenish  or  yellowi.sh  white,  broadly  oblong,  obtuse,  4  lines  in  length : 
petals  bright  yellow,  having  a  bifid  thickening  near  the  junction  of  the  very  short  claw  and 
the  narrowly  oblong  blade,  2i  to  3  lines  iu  length  :  carpels  very  numerous,  only  partly 
ripening,  at  maturity  ovate,  laterally  compressed  aud  keeled,  tipped  with  a  slender  gently 
recurved  style  with  small  terminal  stigma.  —  Contrib.  U.  8.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  289,  t.  22. 
Knmlienia  C'ooleija\  Greene,  Erythea,  ii.  193  &  ?  iii.  53.  —  Rocky  hiUs  near  the  snow  level, 
Al.aska,  uear  Juneau,  Miss  C'oulei/ ;  St  Elias  .Alps  above  Disenchantment  Bay,  Funsion  ;  fi.  & 
fr.  August.  A  plant  of  doubtful  affinities,  possessing  mucli  the  habit  of  the  Californian 
A',  hy.itriculus,  but  the  shorter  smooth  thickish  more  strongly  ribbed  akenes  as  well  as  the 
petals  of  the  preceding. 

§  5.  Halodes,  Gray.  Petals  yellow,  with  nectariferous  spot  and  scjile, 
deciduous  with  the  sepals  :  mature  carpels  thin-walled  and  utricular,  compressed, 
the  sides  striate  with  several  simple  or  sparingly  branched  nerves :  perenni:il  by 
flagelliform  stolons,  affecthig  saline  soil:  scapes  1-3-iiowered.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
xxi.  366.  —  Comprises  H.  plantaginifolius,  Murr.  {R.  salsuginosus.  Pall.  ace. 
to  DC,  R.  Ruthenicus,  Jacq.)  of  Siberia,  and  the  following. 

R.  Cymbalaria,  Tursii.  Low,  glal)rons :  leaves  orbicular  or  ovate-roundi.-<h  and  conlatc, 
or  sometimes  with  truncate  base,  coarsely  crenatc,  or  rarely  only  3-toolhed,  more  or  leivs 
succulent  (varyiug  from  an  inch  down  to  2  lines  in  length) .  scape  1  to  6  inches  high  :  petals 
5  to  9,  narrowly  oblong  oj  spatnlate,  1  to  4  lines  long :  akenes  apicnlate,  sm.iU  and  very 
numerous,  in  an  at  length  oblong  liead  on  an  elongated  recei>ta(lc.  —  Fl.  ii.  392  ;  Tlook.  Fl. 
Bor.-Am.  i.  11  ;  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  17;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2293.  11.  s,ilsu(jinosi,s.  Pall.  Reise, 
ed.  3,  iii.  173,  in  part;      R.  trulmlutits,   IIBK.   Nov.  (Jen.  &  Spec.  v.  42.      Ji.  /ici/<./»/ii7ia, 

•L  Extended  to  include  Ii.  Vookyae. 


24  RAXrXCULACE.E.  Jia„u>,culus. 

Schlecht.  Auiinad.  Raiiunc.  i.  23,  t.  4,  f.  1,^  the  diminutive  and  chiefly  high  nortliern  form, 
var.  ALpf.NLS,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  1 1.  —  Moist  and  brackish  soil,  arctic  sea-coast  and  along 
the  coast  to  New  Jersey,  and  at  salt  springs  iu  the  interior,  along  the  Kocky  JMountaiu 
region  and  westward  to  California.     (Greenland,  N.  &  Ceutr.  Asia,  Mex.,  S.  Anier.) 

§  0.  EuRANUNCULUS.  Petals  yellow  or  iu  few  sjDecies  white,  with  nectarifer- 
ous spot  or  pit  covered  by  a  scale  on  tlie  claw,  deciduous :  sepals  5,  sometimes 
3  or  4,  deciduous :  carpels  in  fruit  coriaceous  or  crustaceous  akenes,  filled  by  the 
seed  or  nearly  so,  usually  more  or  less  compressed,  the  sides  nerveless. 

*  Petals  white  (8  or  10) :  sepals  3  or  4. 
R.  Pallasii,  Schlecht.  Creeping  perennial,  glabrous :  stems  and  elongated  petioles  tliick 
and  fistulous :  leaves  with  short  blade  from  linear  to  oblong,  obtuse  and  entire,  or  some 
cuneate  and  2-3-lobed  :  petals  (juarter  to  half  inch  loug,  obovate :  akenes  thiu-crustaceous, 
2  lines  loug  or  more,  tipped  with  a  small  short  beak.  —  Animad.  Ranimc.  i.  15,  t.  2 ;  Hook.  Fl. 
Eor.-Am.  i.  10  ;  Seem.  Hot.  Herald,  22.  li.  Pallassii,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  17. —  In  shallow 
water,  arctic  Alaska,  and  Islands,  Pallas,  Chamisso,  Seeinann,  Murdoch,  &c.  Also  Labrador, 
Jidt  Ascherson,  but  doubtful.     (Arct.  E.  Asia,  Laplaud.) 

*  *  Petals  yellow,  commonly  5  (3-1 G  in  certain  species). 
— i-  Amphibious  aquatics,  with  dissected  leaves,  when  submersed  capillary-mnltifid  in  the 
manner  of  §  Batnichium  :  perennial  by  fibrous-rooting  from  the  nodes  :  akenes  smooth. 

R.  mioltifidus,  Pursh.  Polymorphous,  fibrous-rooting :  the  well  developed  plant  aquatic, 
with  submersed  or  floating  elongated  fistulous  stems :  leaves,  inch  or  two  long,  all  ternately 
decompound  into  narrow  filiform  or  capillary  divisions,  flaccid,  or  some  small  uppermost 
emersed  and  5-7-partetl  into  cuneate  lobes :  flowers  showy  :  petals  .5  to  8,  broadly  obovate, 
deep  golden  yellow,  4  to  G  lines  long  :  akenes  obliquely  ovate,  rather  turgid,  when  ripe  sub- 
erose-thickened  at  base  and  ventral  edge,  tipped  with  a  straight  and  compressed  subulate 
beak  of  half  their  length. —  Fl.  ii.  73G;  DC.  Syst.  i.  270;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  40,  not  Forsk., 
which  being  quite  obscure  may  rest  as  E.  Forskxthlii,  DC.  R.fluiiatilis,  Bigel.  Fl.  Bost.  ed. 
1,  139,  not  Willd.  R.  lacuslris,  Beck  &  Tracy,  N.  Y.  Med.  &  Phys.  Journ.  ii.  1 12,  &  Trans. 
Alb.  Inst.  i.  148,  t.  5.-  R.  Purshii,  Hook.  fI.  Bor.-Am.  i.  15,  as  to  vars.  o  &  i8,  t.  7;  B.  1  ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  19,  as  to  vars.  a  &  /3.  R.  Beckii,  Don,  Syst.  i.  39.  R.  Purshii,  var. 
aquatilis,  Ledeb.  Fl  Ross.  i.  35.  —  In  stagnant  or  slow-flowing  water,  Atlantic  States  from 
•  N.  Carolina  northward  to  N.  Canada,  Brit.  Columbia,  California,  &c.     (Siberia.) 

Var.*  terrestris,  Gray.-^  Under  this  may  be  collected  tlie  series  of  forms  of  shallow 
water  or  wet  soil,  which  creep,  rooting  iu  the  mud,  with  shorter  stems,  emersed  coarsely 
dissected  leaves,  round-reuiform  and  once  to  thrice  parted  or  cleft  into  more  or  less  cuneate 
lobes :  flowers  and  fruit  often  somewhat  smaller  ;  also  autumnal  forms  in  exsiccated  beds  of 
ponds,  with  ascending  stems  and  broadish  lobes  to  the  leaves,  these  usually  pube.scent.  — 
Man.  ed.  5,  41,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  36G  (where  as  in  ms.  of  present  work  the  following 
species  was  included).  1/2.  Missonriensis,  Greene,  Erythea,  iii.  20. —  With  the  typical 
form,  and  not  very  common.  To  be  distinguished  from  the  following,  which  it  closely 
simulates  in  foliage,  by  its  larger  akenes  with  a  tumid  suberose  border  about  the  base  and 
tipped  with  a  longer  flatter  style. 

R.*  Purshii,  Richards.  Creeping  upon  muddy  banks:  leaves  small,  4  to  9(to  12)  lines  ia 
diameter,  circular  in  outline,  3-5-  or  many-cleft  into  linear  segments  (filiform  dissected 
leaves  very  rarely  present)  :  flowers  small,  seldom  over  5  lines  in  diameter:  heads  of  fruit 
as  well  as  the  akenes  themselves  considerably  smaller  than  in  the  preceding,  the  latter  desti- 
tute of  any  distinct  turgid  margin  and  tipped  with  a  slender  style.  —  Richards,  in  Frankl. 
1st  Journ.  ed.  2,  App.  751  (reprint,  p.  23),  var.  a  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  15,  as  to  vars.  y  &  S, 
t.  7,  B.  2  &  3;    Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  19,  as  to  vars.  7  &  S.     R    Gnultni,  DC.  Syst.  i.  303  (R. 

1  Add  syn.  Cyrtorhynclm  Cymbalaria,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Chib,  v.  161. 

2  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  62;  C.  A.  Davis,  Bot.  Gaz.  xvi.  115.  Add  also  syn.  R.deljjhinifolius,  Torr. 
iu  Eaton,  Man.  ed.  2,  395,  not  HBK. 

8  This  variety  has  hceii  liniiied  l)v  the  editor  to  exclude  the  following  species. 


RdHHi.-idun.  llANLNCULACE^i:.  25 

no.  49,  Gmel.  Fl.  Sil)ir.  iv.  t.  83,  f.  H),  &  li.  L,i,i;is,li,r/ii,  I)(".  Pr.xlr.  i.  .14.  R.  pu»iUu»,  IxsUeb. 
Mem.  Acad,  rctroji.  v.  540,  the  tl'-pauperate  liiyli  iiortliuru  form.  A'.  Iimusus,  Nutt.  iu  '1  orr. 
&  Gray,  1.  c.  20.  Ji.  nidicuns,  Hegel,  IJiUl.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xx.xiv.  jtt.  2,  44,  45,  not  of  C.  A- 
Meyer  &  Ledeh.  R.  multijidiis,  var.  ip/xh.s,  Wats.  15ol.  King.  I'.xp.  8,  &  liil»l.  Indi-x,  \>0.  It. 
midtijidus,  var.  liniosus,  Lawsou,  Kev.  Caiiad.  Kanuiic.  47.  —  Western  aretif  America  to 
Great  Slave  Lake,  soatli  to  Micliigau,  Wa.sliington,  and  even  Now  Mexico,  Pulmci  ;  al«o  iu 
cold  bogs  of  Nova  Scotia,  Tvutmau. 

-J-  H—  Terrestrial  arctic  or  alpine  i)ercnnials  (or  first  .species  ampliiltion.s  and  le.ss  alpine), 
creeping  and  wholly  tibrous-rooling,  either  from  procumb(tnt  stems  or  filiform  roul.si<M  ks, 
glabrous  ;  with  rounded  leaves  palmately  3-5-lobed  or  jnirleil  but  not  divided  nor  filiform- 
dissected  :  fiowers  small :  akencs  smooth. 

++  Stems  leafy  and  rooting  at  the  nodes :  akeues  small  in  a  globular  head  :  style  .short  or 
hardly  any. 

R.  natans,  C.  A.  Mkykk.  Creeping  extensively,  rooting  in  wet  mud  or  floating  in  .^hallow 
water:  leaves  reniform  or  some  with  shallow  sijius  or  truncate  ba.se,  4  to  '.(  lines  in  diameter, 
with  3  to  5  rouiulish  or  obovate  divei'giug  lobes:  petals  about  2  lines  long:  carpels  very 
numerous  in  a  globose  liead  (of  a  (puirter  inch  iu  diameter)  with  a  tiiick  Hesliy  reiept:u-le  : 
style  extremely  short,  with  a  tei-niinal  stigma.  —  Meyer  in  Ledeb.  Ic.  t.  114,  Fl.  Alt.  ii.  .'11.5, 
&  Fl.  Ross.  i.  34.  R.  hifiierboreus,  var.  iiatuns,  Kegel,  1.  c.  43  ;  Gray,  Proc.  Acad.  I'hilad.  1803, 
50.  R.  radicuns,  C.  A. -Meyer  in  Ledeb.  Ic.  t.  116,  is  a  form  of  the  Siime.  A*.  I'urshii, 
Terr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  162,  not  Richards.  —  Rocky  Mountains  of  Colorado,  subalpiue  or 
lower,  //.'///  &  Hiivhonr,  James,  Cou/ttr,  Roihrock,  Patterson.     (N.  Asia.) 

R.  hyperboreus,  Rottb.  Terrestrial  iu  wet  soil,  small,  depressed  and  creeping :  leaves  of 
cuneate  or  Hahelliform  outline,  rarely  with  subcordate  bajie  (2  to  6  lines  broad),  3-lol)ed  or 
almost  3-parted  :  the  lobes  obovate  or  oblong,  and  the  later  ones  sometimes  2-lobed:  petals 
a  line  long  :  carpels  fewer  in  a  small  head  with  an  oval  recej/tacle  :  style  very  shi>rt.  —  Act. 
Hafn.  X.  458,  t.  4,  f.  16  (Fl.  Dan.  t.  331 ) ;  DC.  Syst.  i.  272  ;  ReicLcnb.  Ic.  i'l.  Crit.  i.  t.  1 1. 
f.  21,  22  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  20.  —  Labrador,  Allen,  Bell,  to  arctic  Alaska.  (Arct.  Asia 
&  Eu.,  Greenland.) 

++  -H-  Scapose  from  filiform  rootstocks:  akeues  rather  few  in  a  loose  head  with  small 
receptacle,  long-styled. 

R.  Lapponicus,  L.  Long  filiform  runners  or  root.stocks  sending  U]»  long-])Otioled  radical 
leaves  and  siiii])le  leafless  or  one-leaved  scapes  a  span  high  :  leaves  reniform  in  outline  (an 
inch  iu  diameter),  3-parted;  divisions  flabellate-cuneate,  3-7-lobcd  or  erenate-inci^ed  :  petals 
3  lines  long :  akeues  a  line  or  more  long,  obliquely  ovate,  somewhat  acute-margined,  a  little 
1  mger  than  the  .slender  introrsely  stigmatose  persistent  style.  —  Spec.  i.  533  (Fl.  Lapp.  t.  3, 
f.  4) ;  Wahl.  Fl.  La])p.  t.  8,  f.  2 ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2292.1  —  Western  part  of  arctic  America,  and 
Rocky  Mountains  south  to  Lat.  54°."^  (N.  Asia  &  Eu.,  Greenland,  &c.) 
-H-  -»—  -t—  Uliginous  or  subaquatie,  fibrous-rooted,  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  with   leaves  all 

entire  or  merely  denticulate  or  crenulate,  petioled. 
++   Akenes  beakless  or  nearly   so,   dull ;   the  style   very   short    and  deciduous  or  hardly 

any :  subannuals ;  ours  with  erect  or  ascending  usually  weak  stems,  sometimes  rooting 

from  the  lower  nodes,  but  hardly  .at  all  thereby  perennial :  lowest  leaves  cordate  or  o\ate 

or  oblong  and  long-petioled  :  upper  lanceolate  to  linear. 
=  Petals  1  to  3  or  occasionally  5,  not  over  a  line  long,  pale  vellow  :  stamens  onlv  .'>  t<)  1(V  — 

C<i!<(dca,  St.   Mil.  ■  " 

R.  trachyspermus,  Enok lm.  Stems  a  span  to  2  feet  high,  sehioui  rooting,  .and  plant 
])robal)ly  purely  anmuxl :  carpels  somewhat  orbicular,  tumid-lenticulnr,  narrowly  maririned, 
and  the  faces  minutely  tuberculo.se,  only  one  third  line  long,  crowded  in  a  cylindniii  ..us  or 
oblong  head  with  a  narrow  receptacle  of  2  lines  or  so  in  length.  —  Fngelm.  in  (ir.iy,  PI. 

1  Add  syn.  Anemone  nudicnuli.i,  Gray,   Hot.  G.nz.  .\i.l7;  st.-e   Hrittcn,   .Ann.  N.  Y.  Ac.H'I.  Sci. 
vi.  233. 

2  Also  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  at  Sand  Bay,  J.  C.  Jmu.'i,  and  mar  (iraiul  Marais,  Minn., 
Cheney,  ace.  to  Coulter  &  Fisher,  Bot.  Gaz.  xviii.  'I^iK 


0(j  RA^'U^■L'L■I.At"l•:.■E.  Rmnmculux. 

Lindh.  i.  3  (no^  Ell.),  excl.  var.  Lindheimeri,  but  ind.  Mir.  auyustifolius. — Low  gnmuds 
Loui«:.r.aa,  Lamjlois,  aud  Texas  ;  first  coll.  by  Lindheimer. 

R.  pusillxiS,  PoiR.  Stems  6  to  20  inches  high,  uot  rarely  rooting  from  decumbent  base : 
carpels  somewliat  obovate,  half  to  three  fourths  line  long,  dull,  smooth  or  irregularly  some- 
what papillose,  rather  numerous  in  a  small  globular  head.  —  Diet.  vi.  99;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  392; 
Deless.  Ic.  Sel.  i.  t.  28  ;  JEll.  Sk.  ii.  57  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  17,  partly.  R.  Flamiiiula,  Walt. 
Car.  159,  not  L.  /»'.  humilis,  Pers.  Syn.  ii.  102.  (R.  Bonarieusis,  Poir.  1.  c.  102,  is  very 
near,  and  of  no  older  date)  —  Wet  ground  or  iu  shallow  water,  Staten  Island,  New  York,  to 
Mis.souri  and  southward  to  Florida  and  Texa.s,  along  the  low  country. 

Var.  Lindheimeri,  Gray.  A  span  or  two  high:  akencs  more  papillose-roughish. — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  367.  R.  trachyspermus  ?  var.  Lindheimeri,  Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI. 
Lindh.  i.  3;  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  62;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  7.^  —  New  Orleans, 
Berlandifi;  no.  1939;  Galveston,  Texas,  Lindheimer ;  Napa  Valley  and  San  Rafael,  Cali- 
fornia, Biijelow,  J.  P.  Moore. 

=  =  Petals  5,  bright  yellow,  1  to  3  lines  long,  surpassing  the  calyx  :  stamens  numerous. 
R.  oblongifolius,  Ell.  Mostly  a  foot  or  two  high,  paniculately  branched,  seldom  root- 
ing at  base,  seemingly  annual :  akenes  rather  few  in  a  small  globose  head,  globular  or 
turgid-lenticular,  smooth  or  scabrous-puncticulate,  only  one  third  line  long ;  the  small  or 
slendor  style  wholly  deciduous.  —  Sk.  ii.  58;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  41.  R.  Flammula,  Michx. 
Fl.  i.  321.  R.  pusillus,  var.  olilongif alius,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  tl.  R.  Flammula,  \&i\  laxi- 
caulis,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  16.2  ^.  Texensis,  Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  i.  2.  —  Wet  ground, 
Illinois  3  and  S.  Carolina  to  Texas. 
++  -I-*-  Akenes  subulate-beaked  (but  the  beak  sometimes  deciduous  or  reduced  to  an  a])iculus), 

smooth,  in  a  globular  head  :  petals  as  many  as  5. 
=  Perennial  by  rooting  from  the  lower  nodes  of  ascending  stems  or  from  most  of  those  of 
creepiiig  stems  :  roots  all  fibrous  and  not  thickened. 

a.  Some  lower  cordate  leaves. 
R.  hydrocharoides,  Gk.vt.  Amphibious,  with  erect  or  ascending  flowering  stems  a  span 
or  two  high,  and  elongated  creeping  branches  from  the  ba.se,  these  stout  and  fiBtulous  or 
sometimes  slender :  leaves  all  ^tire  or  nearly  so  (inch  or  less  long),  somewhat  succulent, 
chiefly  long-petioled ;  lower  either  round-cordate  or  oval,  or  st)me  like  the  uppermost 
obovate  or  spatulate  :  petals  2  or  3  lines  long,  much  surpa.ssing  the  calyx :  akenes  in  a  small 
globose  head,  less  than  a  line  long,  tipped  with  narrow  and  short  abrupt  beak.  —  PI.  Thurb. 
in  Mem.  Am.  Acad.  v.  306;  Rothrock  in  Wheeler,  Rep.  \\.  56.  —  Marshes  and  springs, 
S.  W.  Arizona,  Thurher,  J.D.  Smith,  Rothrock,  Lemmun,  the  specimens  of  the  last  less  succu- 
lent and  rather  longer-styled ;  Owen's  Valley,  S.  E.  California,  Kellogg,  a  slender  form,  with 
small  leaves  and  longer  styles. 

R.  STOLON! FER,  Hemsl.  of  Northern  Mexico,  much  smaller-flowered,  is  related  to  this. 

b.  No  cordate  leaves,  the  radical  ones  at  most  oblong  or  ovate.  —  Spearwort. 

R.  Flammula,  L.    No  representative  known  in  N.  America  of  the  true  .species,  which  has 

ratiier  tlio  haliit  of  the  next,  Avith  a.scending  stems  rooting  only  at  or  near  the  base,  a  foot 

or  so  higli ;  with  lower  leaves  ovate-oblong  to  lanceolate  and  often  rounded  at  ba.se,  not 

rarely  with  serratures ;  akenes  small,  with  a  small  or  minute  beak,  or  the  deciduous  style 

leaving  only  an  apiculation.  —  Spec.  i.  548  ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  575  ;  Curt.  Fl.  Loud.  vi.  t.  36.  —  (Eu.) 

Var.  intermedius,  Hook.     Smaller  :  stems  decumbent  and  creeping,  often  to  a  foot  in 

length :    leaves  all  lanceolate  or   linear-lanceolate,  entire  or   nearly  so,  inch  or  two  long, 

tapering  into  tlie  petiole  :  petals  2  or  3  lines  long  :  akenes  of  the  type  or  more  beaked.  — 

Fl.  Bor.-Am.  ill;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  41,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  373.      R.  Flammula,  var. 

Unaldschensis,  Ledeb.  ace.  to  Regel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxiv.  pt  2,  41.      R.  reptans,  var. 

1  Add  syn.  IR.  Biolettii,  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  225,  nearly  from  character,  and  fide  K.  Brandegee, 
Zoe,  iv.  81. 

2  Add  syn.  R.  laxicaulis,  Darby,  Bot.  S.  St.  204. 

8  S.  E.  Missouri,  Eggert,  Bush,  and  Isle  of  Wiglit  County,  Virginia,  ace.  to  Heller,  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  xxi.  22. 


Ilanunculus.  RANUNCULACK.E.  27 

intermedius,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  16.  — Shore  of  Lake  Ontario  '  to  California  and  Oregon  and 
northward.  (N.  Asia,  Ku.)  Largest  forms  from  western  eo;ist,  nearly  approaehing  iho 
type;    very  sloiuler  and  linear-leaved  as  well  lus  small  hroaiier-lea\eil  forms  p;is.H  into 

Var.  reptans,  E.  MiiviCR.  Sniiill,  whidly  erecping:  steins  liliform,  a  span  or  two  long : 
leaves  Willi  Made  from  2  lines  to  an  inch  long,  from  linear  to  spatulale  or  laneeolate  :  |M-taiM 
about  2  lines  long :  akenes  witli  more  conspieiions  and  snhnlate  oftener  curved  l)eak,  or 
sometimes  merely  apicnlate-l>eaked  ius  in  the  type.  —  PI.  Lalir.  90;  (Jray,  Man.  ed.  5,  41  ; 
Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  iii.  t.  10.  li.  n>i>taus,  I..  Spec.  i.  .549  (Fl.  Lai)p.  t.  3,  f.  S) ;  l-l  Dan. 
t.  108,  &c.  R.  reiitiins,  var../r///brwi/.«j,  DC.  Syst.  i.  248;  Torr.  &  Gray,!,  c.  IG.  li.jilifonni*, 
Michx.  Fl.  i.  320  ;  Hart.  Fl.  N.  A.  ii.  t.  70.  R.  Flammnln,  yAr.Jili/onnis,  Hook.  Fl.  Hor.-Am. 
i.  11.  —  (iravelly  borders  of  ponds  and  pools.  New  Kngland  to  I'enn.,  an<l  westward  in  the 
mountains  of  Colorado  and  Utah,  to  California,  and  uortli  to  arctic  Ahuska  and  Hudwju 
Bay.     (Greenland,  N.  Eu.,  N.  Asia.) 

R.  ambigens,  NVatson.  Robust,  2  feet  high,  erect  from  a  decnnihent  rooting  base  :  IcaveH 
lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  often  serrulate,  3  or  4  inches  long  by  4  to  10  lines  wide, 
mostly  much  longer  than  the  dilated  half-chusping  jjetiole  :  ])etals  oblong,  2  or  3  lines  long  : 
akenes  a  line  long,  obli(|uely  oval,  compressed,  tipped  with  erect-incurved  narrow-sabnlatu 
beaks  of  fully  or  more  than  half  tiieir  length.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  289,  &  Bibl.  Lidex, 
16.  .ft.  Flammula,  &  R.  Lingua,  I'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  391,  and  of  all  the  older  Am.  botanists. 
R.  Flammula,  Torr  &  Gray,  1.  c.  16,  exd.  var.  R.  alismit/ulius,  Benth.  PI.  llartw.  29.5,  jw  to 
eastern  plant;  Gray,  5Ian.  ed.  5,  41,  not  Geyer.^  —  In  wet  gras.sy  places,  New  England  to 
Illinois.^  south  to  the  mountains  of  Teuuessee  and  Georgia,  and  north  to  Canada.  The 
Amer.  analogue  of  R.  Lingua. 

=  ^  Strictly  pereimial,  terrestrial,  more  or  less  tufted,  with  thickened-fibrons  and  fascicled 
roots  :  stems  mostly  short  and  erect,  or  assurgent,  not  at  all  rooting  from  mxles  :  mature 
akenes  turgid  (a  line  or  more  long),  with  iutrorsely  apical  or  subapical  and  r.itiier  short 
subulate  beak. 

R.  alismsefolius,  Geykk.  Commonly  robust,  a  span  to  a  foot  high,  simple  or  branching: 
leaves  huieeolate  to  oblong,  mostly  tapering  into  margined  or  base-dilated  |)etiole»,  or  upjK.'r 
subsessile,  entire  (sometimes  obscurely  repand-deliticulate),  thickish,  2  to  4  inches  hmg  and 
a  quarter  to  full  inch  wide  :  petals  broadly  obovate,  a  third  to  half  inch  long,  generally  large 
and  showy :  akenes  glabrous  and  smooth,  in  a  globose  or  hemispherical  head.  —  Geyer  in 
Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  29.5,  as  to  Pacif.  pi.  only,  the  fruit  not  then  known  ;  Wats.  Prm-.  Am. 
Acad.  xiv.  289 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  6.  /{.  Flammula,  Hook.  Lond.  Jour.  Bot  vi. 
66.  R.  Bolanderi,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  58.* — Marshes  from  borders  of  Brit. 
Columbia  and  Colorado  to  central  parts  of  California;  ^rsX,  coll.  and  distinguished  by  (ii-fier. 
"Var.  alismellus,  Gr.\y.  Usually  much  more  slender,  4  to  10  inches  high-  leaves 
thinner,  with  blade  half  inch  to  2  inches  long,  from  o I dong  lanceolate  to  ovate,  or  rsidical 
even  cordate  and  on  long  slender  jielioles :  Mowers  smaller:  petals  only  3  lines  long. — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  327,  viii.  372;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  6.  R.  tilismip/olius,  vat. 
montanus,  Wilts.  Bot.  King  lOxj)  7,  one  of  the  intermediate  forms.*  —  Same  range,*  but 
subalpine,  and  in  the  Rocky  .Mountains,  from  Wyoming  to  Utah  and  Colorado.     (/'.  P.-tetuiit- 

Ilirculus,  Schrenk,  of  Asia,  is  quite  distinct  and  probably  an  entire-leaved  fi>r;v  "f    ''   ' 

c/iellus.) 

1  Eastward  to  St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  llnUmon  &  Schrcnl:.  Add  syii.  R.  rrj>h-iir-<,  ..n.  >.<,./  ■ 
lostis,  FrejTi,  Deutsche  Bot.  Monatsschr.  viii.  181. 

2  Add  as  doubtful  syn.  R.  ubtusiiisculu.^,  Raf.  in  Desv.  Journ.  Bot.  i.  2"25  (1808).  A  tracing  from 
Ratinesque's  figure  of  his  ])lant  shows  a  slender  straight  erect  stem  and  single  annual  root,  ul.w  linrar- 
laiiceohite  sepals,  all  at  variance  with  the  stout  decumbent  commonly  geniculate  and  copiously  rotitinij 
stem  and  ovate  sepals  of  the  present  species. 

8  Westwanl  to  Springfield,  Missouri,  Rlankin^hii). 

4  Add  syn.  R.  calthce/firrus,  k  R.  Hartivegi,  Greene.  Eivtlua,  iii.  4.5.  Tlie  R.  ali.fmt^nliu.^  of 
Geyer  was  properly  defined  by  Watson,  1.  c.  considerably  Ijcfore  the  publication  of  Prof.  Gretfiie's 
synonyms,  and  the  Rocky  ]Mouiitain  and  Pacific  forms  do  not  appear  to  have  any  satisfactory  si»fcinc 
distinctions. 

5  Add  sjni.  R.  ah\v)u-Uvs,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  -JIJ?,  &  R.  Populayo,  Greene,  Erj-thea,  iii  19,  the 
form  of  S.  W.  Oregon  and  Idaho  with  ratlier  broad  cordate  radical  leaves. 

«  Southward  in  California  to  Sau  Jacinto  Mountains,  Uassf,  ace.  to  Parish,  Zoe,  iv.  161. 


28  KANUNCULACE.E.  RanuNculus, 

R.  Lemmoni,  Gray.  Scainfonn  tutted  stems  a  span  or  two  high,  l-2-flowere(l.  villous- 
"l.uliesceut  bcl.'w:  leaves  tlii.-kish,  lanceolate,  entire  :  petals  3  lines  long,  ohovate  or  ol)long  : 
akeues  in  an  oval  head,  verv  turgid,  villous-puheseent.  —  Troc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  68  ;  Brew.  & 
Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  7.  — Eastern  part  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  in  Sierra  Valley 
Lemiiion. 
.^  ^_  .^  ^_.  Terrestrial,  at  least  some  of  the  leaves  lobed  or  divided :  no  rooting  shoots  or 

stolons  except  in  R.  repens  and  R.  seplentriuimlis. 
++  Calyx  clothed  externally  with  long  and  soft  black  or  brown  hairs :  arctic  or  alpine  low 
perennials,  bearing  .solitary  large  flowers :  none  of  the  leaves  divided  to  base :  akenes 
rather  turgid,  subulate-beaked. 
R.  Macauleyi,  Gray.  Eoots  a  fascicle  of  fleshy  fibres  :  stems  a  span  liigh  :  leaves  short- 
pctioled,  soft-pilose  when  young,  soon  glabrous,  of  thick  texture,  from  almost  linear  with 
truncate  2-.3-dentate  apex  to  obovate-spatulate  and  obtusely  3-10-toothed  :  petals  fiabelli- 
form,  creuulate,  mostly  half  inch  long,  deep  yellow.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xv.  45  ;  also  in  Au. 
Kep.  Chief  Engineers' U.  S.  A.  1878,  p.  1833,  as  R.  «ira/<.s.  — Alpine  region  of  the  Kocky 
Mountains  in  San  Juan  Co.,  S.  Colorado,  at  about  1 1,700  feet,  McCauky,  Peas'..  Too  near 
R.  Alluiens,  Laxm.,  which  is  R.  frigidtis,  Willd.  Spec.  ii.  1312,  &  Reichenb.  Ic.  PI.  Crit.  iii. 
t  289,  R.  sulphureus  of  some  authors,  and  perhaps  an  extreme  form  of  the  next  species. 
Akenes  not  seen.  Young  carpels  with  long  straight  subulate  style.^ 
R.  nivalis,  L.  Glabrous  or  glabrate  except  the  dark-woolly  calyx:  roots  slender-filirous 
from  a  short  caudex :  sten\s  a  span  or  two  high:  radical  and  few  lower  cauline  leaves 
slender-petioled,  from  cuneate-flabelliform  to  reniform,  3-5-lobed  or  deeply  cleft,  and  the 
lobes  diverging  :  petals  obovate  or  roundish,  entire  or  obcordate-emarginatc,  a  quarter  to  a 
third  inch  long.  — Spec.  i.  553  (Fl.  Lapp.  t.  3,  f.  2) ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1699;  Schlecht.  Animad. 
IJanuuc.  ii.  14;  Reichenb.  Ic.  PI.  Crit.  i.  t.  2,  f.  6, 7  ;  Hook  Fl.  Bor.-Ani.  i.  17;  Torr.  &  Gray, 
Fl.  i.  20,  with  vars.  R.  sulphureus,  Soland.  in  Phipp's  Voy.  202,  &c.,  high  arctic  form, 
approaching  R.  altaicns.  — Arctic  America,  from  Hudson  Bay  to  Alaska,  and  sea  coast,  .south 
in  high  Rocky  Mountains  to  lat.  55°.     (Greenland,  N.  Eu.,  N.  Asia.) 

•H-  ++  Calyx  not  dark-hairy:  akenes  (glabrous  or  pubescent)  not  nuiricate  nor  hispid. 
=  Leaves  some  of  them  quite  entire  (except  in  R.  oxj/notns),  .some  simply  few-lobed  and  the 
lobes  quite  entire:  alpine  or  subalpine  low  perennials,  one -few-flowered,  with  fascicled 
fibrous  or  tuberous  roots :  glabrous. 
fl.  Radical  leaves  mostly  round-reniform  and  with  5  to  9  roundish  lobes  or  deep  crenatures : 
akenes  dorsally  carinate,  in  an  oblong  head. 
R.  oxynotus,  Gray.     A  span  or  two  high,  fibrous-rooted  from  a  short  caudex,  bearing  a 
rosulate  tuft  of  numerous  radical  leaves  (of  half  inch  or  more  in  diameter) :  cauline  one  or 
two,  cuneate-flabelliform.  3-5cleft  or  parted  into  oblong  or  lanceolate-linear  lobes:  petals 
broadly  obovate,  4  or  5  lines  long  :  head  of  carpels  at  maturity  about  half  inch  long,  with  a 
thick  and  fleshy  receptacle  :   akenes  semi-ovate,  compressed,  a  line  long  besides  the  strong 
subulate  beak,  glabrous.  —  Proc  Am.  Acad.  x.  68;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  7.  — High 
peaks  of  the  central  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  Brewer,  Lemmon? 

b.  Radical  leaves  not  reniform  nor  cordate,  nor  several-lobed  :  akenes  turgid,  with  roundish 
back,  forming  a  globose  head  :  perennials. 
R.  glaberrimus,  Hook.  A  span  high,  somewhat  succulent:  root  of  thickened  fascicled 
fibres :  radical  leaves  from  spatulate  or  oblanceolate  to  roundish  or  dilated-cuneate,  with 
tapering  or  obtuse  or  sometimes  truncate  base,  and  from  entire  to  crenately  2-4-toothed 
or  short-lobed ;  cauline  3-cleft  or  parted  into  narrower  lobes  or  entire :  petals  broadly  obovate, 
a  third  to  half  inch  long :  akenes  glabrous  or  minutely  pubescent,  tipped  with  a  small  short 
beak;  the  mature  head  from  3  to  5  lines  in  diameter.  — Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  12,  t.  5;  Torr.  & 
Gray,'  Fl.  i.  19  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.     R.  brevicaulis,  Hook.  Lond.  Jouru.  Bot.  vi.  66,  not  Fl. 

1  Excellent  fruiting  specimens,  collected  in  Colorado  l)y  Miss  Eastwood,  show  the  fruiting  heads  to 
be  ovate,  and  akenes  "small,  smooth,  tipped  with  slend.T  straightish  but  obliqucdy  ascending  styles; 
cf.  also  Watson,  Bot.  Gaz.  xvi.  346,  and  Eastwood,  Zoc,  iv.  2,  where  variations  are  described. 

2  Cloud's  Rest,  Mariposa  Co.,  Calif.,  Congdon,  and  near  Mineral  King  Mt.  ace.  to  Coville,  Contrib. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  56. 


Ranuuru/us.  KAN  UNCI  LACK.i:.  'X, 

,^'7.7^"!'  -  ^l""";^^i";  •'";<1  va]I..ys  from  Montana  a„.i  Hrit.  r..I,„nl,ia  to  the  Sierra  Neva-lu 
t  al.for.ua,  a...l  to  tl.o  Hocky  Mountains  tl.ron^rl,  Colora.lo  ;  first  .oil.  I,v  /Jo„.,tas  ■» 
R.   dlgltalUS,    Hook.     L.-ss  l!.a..  a  «pau   i.igh.  from  a  .•li..sl,.r  of  sl.ort  an.i   .io«nw,r.lI 
tuherous-ti.R-kened  roots:  ndical  L-aves  either  entire  an.l  )a..<-eolai..  .,r  like  rl„.  U-.s    „ 
sessile  eauline,  2-4-i)arte.l  into  ol.lon-laneeolate  or  almost  linear  lol.es  •    ,.,.f,N  (5  ,,     ., 
spatulatc.ol.Io..f;.  a   to  5  lines   ion,!;:    ,,xr,,els  slen.ler-style.l  ;    akene-  of  tLo  ,.roce.li«.r   Jr 
sn.aller,  m  a  several  times  smaller  hea.l.-.Jonr.  Boi.  &  Kew  Misc.  iii.  124  t  4-   Wats  IJoi 
King  Kxp.  8.  —  Mountains  of  S.  Idaho,  N.  Neva.la,  L'tah,  &e. ;  tirst  eoll.  I,y  Jlurke.' 
=  =  Leaves  all  palmately  or  i.edately  h.bed  or  divided,  small:  akenes  turmM-Ientinilir 
with  aeute  or  :Kutish  hack,  tipped  with  a  small  suhulate  heak  :  strictlv  areti.- or  •ili.im* 
perennials,  fihrou.s-rooted  from  a  short  caude.x,  tufted,  a  span  or  les«  high,  nearlv  ijl-.hrous 
except  that  the  peduncles  are  puixisceut :  flowers  mostly  solitarv,  not  larije,  with  r-unded 
petals  little  surpa.ssing  the  calyx. 

R.  pygm^US,  Wai.l.  An  inch  to  a  span  high,  with  slender  or  weak  one-flowered  slemn- 
radical  lea^es  simidy  or  pe.hitely  ;{-.'-,  deft  into  roundish  lol.es,  and  caulinc  often  ;i-,.arted 
jnto  narrow  ones  petals  2  lines  longer  le.ss,  little  or  not  at  all  exceeding  the  sepals  •  akenes 
hardly  over  half  line  long,  in  an  oval  or  short-ohlong  head.— Fl.  Lapp  1.57  t  8  f  l  • 
•  Keichenb.  Ic.  PI.  Crit.  i.  t.  2.  f.  3-5;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  16;  Torr.  &  (>av  Fl' i  '-My' 
R  LappomcHS,  Fl.  Dan.  t.  144.  R.  Sabhili,  R.  Br.  in  I'arrv,  1st  Vov.  Supnl  to  Aim  'of,x  ■  'llo'k' 
L  c.  1 7  Torr.  &  Gray.  1.  c  20.  -  Throughout  arctic  A„,erica  to  the  polar  seas,  Z  m.  t'he  high 
Rocky  Mountains  southward  to  Wyoming  and  Colorado.  (Aret.  Asia  &  En.,  Greenland  ) 
R.*  Grayi  button.*  Stouter:  radical  and  often  the  one  or  two  cauline  leaves  hitern.-ftelv 
or  peda  ely  divided  and  i)arted ;  the  primary  divisions  .sometimes  petiolulate.  and  the  IoIm-'h 
linear-oMongorspatulate:  .stems  1-2-Howered  :  petals  .3  lines  long,  surpassing  the  rounde.l 
sparsely  and  finely  villous  sepals:  akenes  a  line  long,  in  a  globular  head.  -  Bull.  Torr.  Club 
xvuK  26a.  R.  Hookeri,  Kegel,  BuU.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxiv.  pt.  2,  47  ;  Wats.  Bil.l.  Index  19' 
laot  Schlecht.  R.  pedatifidus.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  18,  t.  8,  not  Smith  nor  Schlecht.  -Sum 
mit  of  Rocky  Mountains,  on  ea.stern  side,  between  lat  .52°  and  .5.-,°,  Dnnnm.md ;  npt.er  part  of 
Gray  s  Peak,  Colorado,  at  12,300  feet,  Putleison,  in  flower  and  fruit.s 

=  =  =  Leaves  all  2-4-ternately  parted  or  divided  into  numerous  narrow  divisions  fof 

not  oyer  a  line  m  width) :  akenes  turgid,  subulate-beaked,  dorsallv  marginle«,  smooth 

and  glabrous  or  nearly  so  •  alpine  or  subalpine  low  perenni.als,  with  strong  fibrous  f;ts,-i,-led 

roots  and  ascending  stems  bearing  single  or  few  large  and  showy  flowers. 

R.  triternatus,  Gray.     Roots  fleshy-fibrous :  leaves  mostly  triternatelv  divided  and  narte.l  • 

primary  dn.s.ons  long-petiolulate,  and  lobes  from  filiform-linear  (less  than  half  line  wide) 

to  liuear-.spatulate  (a  line  wide)  and  obtu.'=e  :  petals  broadly  obovate  (4  or  .5  lines  lonec 

akenes  very  turgid,  rounded  on  the  back,  slender-beaked  ;  the  hea.l  globose  with  a  thi<-k 

globular  receptacle  -I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  370.- Klikitat  Co.,  Washington,  on  high  hills 

near  Goldendale,  IIo,-ell,  distributed  under  name  of  R.  Hookeri.     A  verv  earlv  flowerin-  and 

depressed  form  li;us  broader  radical  leaves.  "         " 

R.  adoneus,  Gray.  Roots  of  more  slender  fibres :  .stems  a  span  or  two  hiph  some  at 
length  dec.mbent  or  spreading:  leaves  mostly  2-3  ternatelv  parted,  with  primarv  .iivi^i-ns 
hardly  if  at  all  petiolulate,  lobes  all  narrowly  linear  ami  not  wid.-ned  upward  •  i.ef.ls 
(sometime^  6  or  8)  rounded-flabelliform,  often  half  inch  long  :  akenes  moderately  comprcv^Ml 
and  dorsally  acutish.  long-beaked  with  the  straight  subulate  stvle;  the  head  globular  to 
oblong. -Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1863,  5fi  ;  Coulter,  Man.  Rockv  .Mt."Reg.8.  R.am^nu,  Grav 
Am.  Journ.  Set.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  241,  not  Ledeb.     R.  orthorhi/nrhus,  var.  nlpinus,  Wat*.  Bot.' 

1  Add  syii  R.  elUplims,  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  110,  a  common  form  with  ellipfic-lanceolnte  radic.il 
leaves  and  cleft  cauline,  said  to  occur  .it  lower  altitudes,  hut  no.u^of  the  distinctions  prove  coi.sUnt 

-  A  form  with  sparsely  villous  sepals  has  been  collected  in  S.  LTtah,  Silrr,  being  R.  L<mm.<m 
Gray,  in  part, /rfc  S.  Watson,  Bot.  Gaz.  .\vi.  346. 

8  Manniioth  Hot  Springs,  Wyomii.p,  Dewnrt,  Buri/lehaus. 

*  In  the  light  of  recent  specimens,  R.  U„„Wn.  Schlecht.,  of  Mexico,  apimars  too  well  recoffnizwl  to 
permit  the  use  of  the  Liter  homonym  of  Hegel,  and  the  pi-e.sent  siwries  nIiouM  !».>  renatv  ■  "-  ' 
Britton  suggests.     Prof.  Greene's  R.  Drummmdii  (Erytl.ea,  ii.  192)  is  a  newlleM  «vnon\ ,. 

6  Mountains  near  I.onton,  .S'.  //.  CV<w/),  at  l.^^.OOO  feet. 


30  RAXUXCULACE.E.  Ilanuiicuius. 

King  Exp.  9.  —  High  Rocky  Mountains  of  Colorado,  first  coll.  by  P«/Ty,and  of  the  Wasatc-h, 
S..  Utah,  first  coll.  by  \\\ilson.  Well  developed  in  wet  phues  along  streamlets  in  the  lower 
part  of  alpine  region,  where  it  becomes  procumlieut.  On  drier  soil  it  is  often  coarser-leaved, 
much  smaller  flowered,  and  with  longer  carpel-heads,  having  a  narrow  receptacle  of  even 
half  inch  in  length. 
=  =  =  ==  Leaves  mostly  cleft  or  more  divided,  roundish  radical  undivided  ones,  when 

present,  at  least  crenate  or  dentate  :  akenes  turgid  or  lenticular,  margiuless. 
a.  ilontane  or  high  northern  species,  truly  perennials,  with  fibrous  or  slightly  thickeiied 

roots  :  flowers  with  conspicuous  and  pretty  large  petals,  except  sometimes  in  R.  ajfifiiti. 

1,  Head  of  carpels  in  fruit  globular  or  oviil :    styles  elongated  but  usually  only  subulate  base 
j)crsisteut  as  a  short  beak  or  a))iculus  on  the  leuticidar  akene. 

R.  Arizonicus,  Lemmon.  a  foot  or  less  high,  glabrate  or  above  glabrous,  below  usually 
■with  some  soft  villous  liairs  :  fascicled  roots  more  or  loss  thickened  :  stems  .slender  and  naked 
above,  several-inany-fiowered :  radical  leaves  round-cordate  or  sometimes  cordate-oblong  and 
strongly  crenate-deutate,  or  later  ones  about  5-<-left  and  the  segments  3-5-lobed ;  cauline 
once  or  twice  3-parted  into  narrow  linear  divisions:  ])etals  (sometimes  6  or  7,  3  to  5  lines 
long)  oblong  or  at  first  obovate  :  akeiies  lenticular  and  witli  thin  acute  margin,  lightly 
pubescent,  conunonly  in  a  small  globular  head,  having  a  subulate  receptacle.  —  Lenimim 
in  Gray,  l^roc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  370.  li.  affinis,  Torr.  Hot.  Mex.  Bound.  29,  in  part;  lioth- 
rock  in  Wheeler,  Kep.  vi.  .57.  —  Mountains  of  S.  Arizona,  Wrighl  (837),^  />fw/« oh,  among  rocks, 
&c.     Also  Willow  Spring,  Arizona,  Rolltrork,  a  form  connecting  with  the  second  variety. 

Vax.  SUbaffinis,  Gray,  1.  c.  A  dwarf  ami  alpine  form,  simulating  R.  afjiitix,  mostly 
1-flowered,  with  thickish  oval  head  of  akenes:  these  den.^ely  pubesc<Mit,  almost  eijuallod  l»y 
the  .«ubulate  .style.-  —  On  Mount  Agassiz,  of  the  San  Frauci.sco  Mountain.s,  at  12,000  feet, 
Le  in  HI  0)1. 

Var.  subsagittatus,  Gray,  1.  c  IJathcr  stout,  villous  with  a  deciduous  pubescence, 
simple-stemmed  and  fewer-flowered  :  radical  leaves  mainly  suljcordate-oblong  or  somewhat 
sagittate,  thick;  the  middle  nerves  apjjroximate  :  petals  broadly  obovate,  half  inch  or  less 
long  :  head  of  akenes  stouter,  oval.  —  N.  x^rizona,  in  Delavergue  Park  of  the  San  Francisco 
Mountains,  Lemmon  ;  in  wet  ground. 

R.  Suksd6rfii,  Gray.  A  "span  or  less  high,  glabrous,  wth  slender  1-3-flowcred  .«tems: 
leaves  small  (half  inch  or  more  long)  subreniform  or  broadly  flal)elliform  Avith  truncate 
ba.'-e,  deeply  3-5-cleft  or  parted,  the  radical  into  cuneate  3-5-vieft  or  incise'!  divisions,  those 
of  the  ufiper  cauline  linear :  petals  round-obovate,  retuse,  a  third  to  half  inch  long,  deep 
yellow:  akenes  glabrous,  turgid-lenticular,  acutish-edged,  surmounted  by  a  nearly  filiform 
style  of  equal  length  (three  fourths  line),  which  is  at  length  apparently  deciduous;  the 
head  globular.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  371.  —  Damp  ground  on  Mount  Adams,  Washington, 
at  6.000-7,000  feet,  Snksflorf;  also,  wet  alpine  meadows  in  Blue  Mountains,  E.  Oregon,  at 
toward  8,000  feet,  Cnsick,  ^Wth  young  akenes  in  more  oblong  head,  not  yet  turgid,  obscurely 
pulie.«cent  ;3  fl.  July,  August. 

2.  Head  of  carpels  in  fruit  oblong  or  cylindraceous  :  akenes  more  turgid  and  rounded  or  at 
least  obtuse  on  the  back. 

?  R.*  eximius,  Greene.  "Radical  le.n-es  very  few,  often  one  only,  on  a  sliort  stout  petiole 
1  to  2  inches  longj  the  blade  of  cuiieate-obovate  or  almost  flabelliform  outline,  deej)ly  about 
7-lobed  at  the  l)road  sumnn't,  otherwise  entire ;  upper  cauline  leaves  se.ssile,  l)roadly  cuneiform, 
I  inch  long,  cleft  to  the  midiile  into  about  5  lanceolate  or  broadly  linear  lobes  :  periphery  of 
the  expanded  large  corolla  quite  circular  by  the  overlapping  of  the  numerous  broadly 
obovate  or  almost  obcordate  yellow  petals." —  Erythea,  iii.  19.  —  Mountains  of  Colora<lo  to 
Idaho.  Flowers  large  as  in  R.  acloneiis,  but  foliage  so  close  to  forms  of  the  preceding  and 
folloAving  species  as  to  make  its  specific  distinctness  still  doubtful,  especially  in  the  al)sence 
of  mature  fruit.  No  autlienticated  specimens  having  been  seen  by  the  editor,  the  dcscripl  on 
is  here  drawn  from  the  original  characterization. 

1  Also  at  the  Copper  Mines,  New  Mexico,  Thurber,  no.  231. 

2  Insert  syn.  /?.  Arizonicus,  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  60,  not  Lemnion.     J'.  suhmijUtatus,  var.  subaJUms, 
Greene,  1.  c.  110. 

8  Mt    i;.,;,n.-,    (I    h    Mir:,  ;  Olympic  Mts.,  Henderson. 


Itanunculus.  RANUNCULACE.E.  31 

R.  Eschscholtzii,  Sciilecht.  A  span  <ir  two  or  raroly  a  foot  high,  glabmuH  or  nearly  «o, 
1  -.J-llowered,  sU'iidoi-filmms-rootod  from  a  coimiioiily  t»lili<jMe  cuiidex  or  Khort  hori/ontal 
rootstock  :  Icavfs  of  roundish  outline  ;  radit-al  all  3-.')-j)artcd  or  dceidy  rleft.and  thi-irolMoato 
or  cuneate  divisions  mostly  lol)ed  or  iucisod  ;  caulino  similar  or  with  ohlon^  to  8|ialulatc  or 
lanceolate  and  often  entire  divisions  :  j)ctal8  a  (juartcr  to  nearly  half  inch  lonj; :  akt-nes 
glabrous,  with  slender-subulate  and  mostly  straight  stylo  of  more  than  half  their  li-ngth  anil 
more  or  less  ])ersistent  as  a  beak.  —  Animad.  Uanune.  ii.  10,  t.  1  ;  Hook.  M.  IJor.-Am.  i.  IK; 
Terr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  21  ;  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ku.ss.  i.  37.  /i.  uivulis,  var.  Ksrks.holi-:;,  Wats.  Rot. 
King  Exp.  8.  —  N.  Alaska  and  Aleutian  I.slands  to  the  Cascade  Mountains  and  south  to 
those  of  Nevada,  and  the  liocky  Mountains  south  to  Colorado  in  the  aljiine  regions.' 

R.  affinis,  R.  Bu.  A  span  to  a  foot  high,  pilose  jtubc.scont  to  glaluous,  few- to  sevenil- 
flowered  :  leaves  various,  but  the  caulino  with  linear  or  narrow  oblauceolate  divisions  :  petal.-* 
light  yellow,  a  quarter  to  a  third  inch  long  and  obovate,  l)ut  occasionally  small  and  incon- 
.spicuons:  akeues  densely  short-pube.scent  varying  to  glabrous:  small  and  short  mo.stly 
recurved  style  much  shorter  than  the  ovary,  at  most  a  ([uarler  cjf  the  length  i>f  the  akene, 
often  only  its  thickish  ba.se  persistent  at  maturity.  —  K.  Br.  in  I'arry,  l.st  Voy.  Suppl.  to  App. 
26.5  ;  Kichards.  in  Frankl.  1st  Jouru.  ed.  2,  A])p.  751  (reprint,  ]).  23)  ;  Lange,  Medd.  (iniiil.  bl , 
&  Fl.  Dan.  t.  3029;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxi.371.  /».H;v7(ri/s,  Hiahanf.s.  in  Frankl.  Ist.Ionru. 
ed.  1,  App.  741  (reprint,  p.  13).  R.  aiiKmus,  Ledeb.  Fl.  Alt  ii.  320,  &  Ic.  t.  113.  A',  joilntiji- 
(Ills,  Sclilecht.  I.e.  18,  &c.,  probably  not  Smith.'^  R.  auriromus,  Hook.  f.  Arc.  PI.  283.  312.— 
Throughout  arctic  America,  and  southward  to  Labrabor^  and  the  liocky  M<juntains  to 
Colorado.  (N.  Asia,  Greenland.)  Very  variable,  (juite  distinct  from  R.  auricuiiins,  L.,  in 
akenes,  styles,  &c. ;  the  typical  form  small  or  slender,  witii  even  the  radical  leaves  "  ]>e(lately 
miiUirnl,"  most  of  them  to  near  the  base. 

Var.  validus,  Gray,  1.  c.  Stouter  and  larger,  with  thicker  more  succulent  leaves; 
the  radical  (an  inch  or  two  long)  most  of  them  undividtMl  and  roundish,  either  cordate 
or  truncate  or  cuneate  at  base,  and  from  coarsely  crenate  to  3-7-ck'ft  or  parted,  occa- 
sionally some  divided  and  even  with  divisions  petiolulate  :  forms  varioiLs  and  conlluent, 
and  passing  into  the  more  arctic-alpine  slender  form.  —  A*,  affiuis,  vars.,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-i\m. 
i.  12,  t.  6.  R.  c(irdioph;/l.lus,  Hook.  1.  c.  14,  t.  5,  &  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2999,  but  style  too  long. 
R.  affinis,  var.  cardiophiiUus,  Gray,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  18G3,  .56,  but  name  only  occasionally 
appro])riate  for  this  whole  group  of  forms.  R.  nuricnmiis  of  Amer.  authors. — .Subarctic 
America  and  Canada  to  Montana,  and  south  through  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  Utah, 
Colorado,  and  N.  New  Mexico.  Var.  leiocarpus,  Trautv.  in  Middendorf,  Reise  in  Sibir. 
62,  has  glabrate  or  glabrous  fruit.  Var.  histococc.ux,  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  213,  only  a 
villous-fruited  form.* 

3.  Head  of  carpels  in  fruit  globose:   styles  minute  and  .straight:   plant  resembling  a  low 
form  of  the  variety  of  the  foregoing. 

R.  rhomboideus,  Goldie.  Dwarf,  a  span  or  two  high,  villous-hirsute  or  almost  glabrous, 
few-flowered  :  radical  leaves  from  rhoml)ic-ovate  o'r  obovate  with  acute  base  to  rotund  and 
rarely  sube'ordate,  and  from  creimlate  to  serrate  ;  lower  cauline  more  cleft,  the  sessile  upper 
ones  3-5-parted  into  linear  divisions:  petals  obovate,  2  or -3  lines  long:  akenes  obovate, 
rounded  on  the  back,  glabrous;  the  minute  beak  or  style  inconspicuous. —  Edinb.  Phil. 
Journ.  vi.  329,  t.  11,  f.  1  ;  Richards.  1.  c. ;  Honk.  I.  c.  12  ;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  42.  R.  nmlis. 
Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  13,  t.  6,  probal)ly  even  of  Raf.  Prec.  Decouv.  36,  &  in  Desv.  Journ 
Bot.  vi.  268(1814),  from  "Canada  and  Genes.see,"  which  is  otherwi.se  wholly  obscure* 
R.  brevicaulis.  Hook.  1.  c.  13,  t.  7,  a  very  depres.sed  almost  stemless  form,  with   radical 

1  Also  on  summit  of  Gr.ayback  Mountains,  S.  Calif.,  W.  O.  Wriffht,  ace  to  Pari.-Jli,  Zoe,  iv.  161. 

2  Dr.  N.  L.  Britton,  Bull.  Terr.  Club,  xviii.  265,  maintains  the  identity  of  Smith's  species,  and 
according  to  that  view  R.  affinis,  R.  Br.,  .should  become  R.  pedatijuliis.  Smith,  while  var.  mlUu.i, 
Gray,  becomes  R.pedatifidnii,  var.  r.nrdiophijUioi.  Britton,  1.  c. 

3  Mt.  Albert,  G:ispe,  Lower  Cana.la,  J.  A.  Allen. 

*  Var.   microprtnlua,  Greene,  Fittonia,  ii.  110  (R.   Anzimicits,   var.  .<  •.   1-  c.  60, 

not  Gray),  is  from  cliaracter  a  slender  small-flowered  form  from  the  San  Fi::  S  Arizona. 

6  [n  his  provisional  notes  upon  the  genus,  Proc.  Aiii.  .\cad.  xxi.  :^71.  1'  liy  through 

clerical  error  ascribes  the  name  rhomh.hb'us  to  H:iliiics.|uc.  while  clearly  havmg  mtiUs  in  mind,  m 
his  reference  ami  habitat  slinw. 


32  RANUNCULACE.E.  Ranunculus. 

leaves  equalling  the  flowers.  A\  siiricomtis,  var.  C^ssut/ciis.  E.  Meyer.  Vl  Lab.  9C. - 
Labriidor  and  Lower  Canada  to  prairies  of  Wisconsin  and  N.  lUmois,  Saskatcliewau,  and 
the  N.  Kocky  Mountains,  lat.  52°-55°.i 

b.  Pacific  coiuit  species,  hvrge-flowered,  king-styled,  thickishrootcd  perennial. 
R  Blooraeri,  Watson.  Ghibrous  or  sometimes  sp:u-sely  villous  or  hir.^ute:  stems  ascend- 
"in.T  from  a  f  Jcicle  of  thickened  fibrous  roots,  a  foot  or  two  long,  robust,  si)arsely  flowered : 
leaves  bright  green  and  lucid,  coarsely  dentate  or  incised ;  radical  long-pet ioled,  some 
broadly  cordate  or  ovate  and  incisely  crenate-dontate  or  ol)scurely  lobed  (2  inches  h.ng), 
some  3-parted,  some  3-foliolate  with  the  leaflets  petioliilate  and  the  terminal  one  even,3-lobed  ; 
cauluie  not  very  dissimilar,  siiort-petioled  :  petals  half  inch  long,  emarginate  :  akenes  turgid, 
2  lines  long,  glabrous,  tipped  with  a  slender  subulate  beak.  —  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  426.  R.  Chileiisix, 
Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  134  ?  not  4.  —  Low  grounds,  about  San  Francisco  Bay  ;  first  coll. 
bv  Bloomer. 

c.  Chiefly  e:istern  or  cosmopolite,  small-flowered,   few-stamened,  very  short-styled;    with 

compressed  and  small  beakless  or  very  short-beaked  or  (in  R.  Allejjheniensis)  hook-styled 

akenes  :    stems  erect  and  branching. 

R.  abortivus,  L.     Biennial  or  short-lived  perennial,  slender,  a  foot  or  two  high,  generally 

quite  glabrous  and  lucid,  occasioually  pubescent:  radical  leaves  or  most  of  them  roumi- 

reniforin  or  oblate  subcordate  an(i  simjdy  or  doubly  crenate;  canline  once  or  twice  3-parted 

or  divided  into  oblong  or  linear  divisions:  petals  pale  yellow,  usually  Jiot  over  a  line  long 

and  sliorter  than  the  calyx  :  akenes  lenticular,  glabrous,  in  small  globular  or  ovoid  head.  — 

Spec.  i.  5.51  ;  Walt.  Car'  159;  DC.  Syst.  i.  268;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  19.  ■  R.  nitidus,  Walt. 

I.e.;  Poir.  Diet.  vi.  126.  —  Moist  woods  and  along  streamlets,  Newfoundland  2  to  Florida, 

Arkansas,  and  the  mountains  of  Colorado,  northwestward  to  the  head-waters  of  Fraser 

Kiver,  &c.  in  Brit.  Columbia ;  fl.  spring.     Passes  freely  into 

Var.  micranthus,  Grat.-'  Slightly  or  conspicuously  villous:  some  or  most  of 
radical  leaves  3-partcd,  some  3-foliolate  and  leaflets  even  slender-petiolulate.  — Man.  ed.  5, 
42.  R.  micranthus,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  FL  i.  18;  Elngelm.  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  xlvi.  94.— 
Massachusetts  to  Saskatchewan  and  Colorado. 

Var.  Harveyi,  Gray.  Somewhat  pubescent :  leaves,  &c.  of  the  type  or  of  the  preced- 
ing variety :  petals  conspicuous,  3  lines  long,  very  much  surpassing  the  calyx  !  —  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  xxi.  372.'  —  On  damp  rocks,  common  in  Arkan.sas,  F.  L.  llarvei/.  Dr.  Hasse.^ 
R  *  AUegheniensis,  Britton.  Habit  and  foliage  closely  as  in  the  typical  form  of  the 
Vreceding  species :  stMU  glaucous,  not  lucid  :  akenes  a  little  larger  and  flatter,  slightly 
margined  dorsally  or  at  least  toward  the  apex,  and  provided  with  a  well  developed  and 
strono-lv  recurved  style;  the  latter  a  third  as  long  as  the  akenes.  —Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii. 
224.  "'/i.  abortivus,  form,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  15.  — Mountains  of  North  Carolina  and 
Virginia,  Britten,  IJeller ;  E.  Massachusetts,  at  Waverly,  Fernald,  (Jreenman,  Schrenk; 
Woburn'  Robinson;  Cambridge,  Deane.  Intermediate  stations  in  the  Middle  States  will 
doubtless  be  found  as  soon  as  the  plant  is  generally  distinguished  fr.nn  the  hal.itally  simih.r 
R.  abortivus,  of  which  it  may  yet  prove  only  an  extreme  variation,  as  regarded  t>v  s.r 
William  Hooker. 

1  Black  Hills,  S.  Dak.,  Fiirwood. 

2  Labrador,  Waghorne, 

8  This  variety  has  been  recently  restored  to  specific  rank  by  Mr.  E.  P.  Bicknell  (Bidl.  Torr.  Club, 
xxi.  41),  and  among  other  distinctions  attention  is  called  to  tlie  usually  glabrous  receptacle,  that  of 
the  typical  R.  abortivus  bcinf?  in.spid.  While  in  their  extremes  the  two  plants  appear  quite  diff'erent, 
dubious  intermediates  are  not  lacking.  The  variety  extends  to  Gaspi^  Ji'le  Mucoim. 
•  4  Add.  syn.  R.  abortivus,  var.  grandiflonis,  Engelni.  ace.  to  Branner  &  Coville,,  Ark.  Geol.  Sm  v. 
iv,  162;  Harvey,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix.  93.  R.  Harveyi,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  159;  GreeiiH, 
Erythea,  ii.  189.  The  specific  distinctions,  adduced  by  Prof.  Greene  from  the  akenes  do  not  appear 
to  hold, 'since  in  some  specimens  of  the  small- flowered  typical  form  the  akenes  are  in  a  globular  head 
and  when  mature  are  quite  as  large  and  no  more  numerous.  Nor  is  Ihe  difference  of  the  roots  more 
constant  or  significant.  Regarding  the  size  of  the  petals  some  of  Dr.  Hasse's  specimens  preserved  in 
the  Nat.  Hnrbarinm  furnish  transition  to  the  smaller-flowered  form. 
6  Also  common  in  S.  Mi.'ssouri,  ranging  to  St.  Louis,  Hasse,  Bush. 


Ranunculus.  KANUNCULACE.E.  38 

R.  sceleratus,  L-  Aunual  or  mostly  so,  somewhat  succulent,  glabrous :  radical  and  lower 
caiiliiie  leaves  3-5-lobed  or  parted  and  the  lobes  crenately  incised  or  cleft  (or  when  sub- 
mersed reduced  to  flaccid  and  filiform  divisions) ;  upper  with  narrower,  (livisions:  jxita-ls  a 
line  or  two  long,  usually  surpassinj;;  tiic  calyx  :  akenes  glabrous,  barely  apiculate,  in  a 
globular  to  ohlung  head  with  a  tliick  receptacle.  —  Spec.  i.  551  ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  571  ;  Curt.  I-'l. 
Loud.  ii.  t.  42;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  19,  with  var.  multiJiJus,  Nutt.,  a  mere  form.  —  In  shallow 
pools,  &c.,  New  Brunswick  ami  Canada,  north  to  lat.  67°,  west  to  Brit.  Columbia,  and  south 
to  Arizona,  iu  the  Atlantic  States  appearing  as  if  introduced.  (Eu.,  Asia.) 
=  ^  =  =  ^  Leaves  variously  cleft  or  divided :  akenes  compressed,  often  flat,  sur- 
rounded by  a  more  or  less  conspicuous  firm  or  indurated  margin  :  none  truly  alpine  or 
arctic. 
n.  Perennials, with  globular  or  ovoid  carpel-heads  (except  Ii.  Pennsijlvanicus)  and  8mo<jth  or 

sometimes  barely  pubescent  akenes,  mostly  fibrous-rooted. 
1.  Ilook-styled ;  with  long-styles  recurving  (at  least  in  age)  and  wholly  persi.stcnt  in  a  rigid 
and  uncinate  elongated  beak:    petals  only  5 :    stems  erect,  and  radical  leaves  hardly  ever 
divided   into   separate  leaflets.  —  R.  Oncostyli,  Gray,  Proc.   Am.  Acad.  viii.  373,  exd. 
spec.  1 . 
R.  recurvatus,  Poir.     Soft-hirsute  or  pubescent,  a  foot  or  two  high,  somewhat  equally 
leaved  up  to  the  short  peduncles:  leaves  rather  large  (2  to  4  inches  in  diameter)  and  mostly 
round-cordate  iu  outline,  3-5-cleft  to  beyond  the  middle  or  uppermost  3-5-j)arted,  but  none 
divided ;  lobes   rhombic-obovate,  incised  and  dentate :  petabi  ligiit  yellow,  oblong,  2  lines 
long,  reflexed  with  and  shorter  or  hardly  longer  than  the  calyx  :    style  nmch  recurved, 
forming  a  rather  slender  beak  wiiich  is  not  much  shorter  than  the  glabrous  akeue:  recep- 
tacle bristly-pilose. — Diet.  vi.  125;   Pursh,  Fl;  ii.  394;  Dcless.   Ic.  Sel.  i.  t.  41;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  22   (excl.  vars.),  658;    Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  42.     A'. /f/Hi/^/no.suA,  Walt.  Car.   1.59, 
not  L.     R.  sanicuUeformis,  Muhl.  Cat.  54.     A',  tomentosus,  Spreiig.  Neue  Entd.  i.  287,  not 
I'oir.  —  Damp  woods.  Nova  Scotia  (not  "Labrador,"  specimen  so  named  by  DC.  in  herb. 
Banks  being  a  Geum)  to  Florida,  Ohio,  and  northwestward  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

R.*  tenellus,  Nutt.^  A  foot  or  more  high,  erect,  very  slender  to  stoutish,  sparingly  pulxjs- 
cent  to  somewhat  hirsute :  leaves  thin,  deeply  3-5-cleft ;  the  segments  oblanreolate  to 
obovate-cuneate,  sharply  and  irregularly  few-toothed :  ])etals  small,  not  excelling  a  line  or 
two  iu  length:  receptacle  glabrous;  akenes  12  to  30.  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  in  a  globo-e 
head,  and  tijipcd  with  sleiitler  circinnate-revolute  beaks.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  2.J ; 
Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exp.  214.  A',  recurvatus,  Bong.  Veg.  Sitch.  123,  in  part,  not  Poir.  A'- 
Nelsonii,  var.  tendlus,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  374.  R.  occidentalls,  vars.  tenellus  & 
Riseni  (i:i  part),  Gray,  1.  c.  xxi.  373.  R.  Bonr/ardi,  Greene,  Erythea,  iii.  54,  so  far  a.s  small- 
flowered  plant  of  Bongard  and  var.  tenellus  are  concerned,  but  excl.  syn.  11.  uccideutalis,  var. 
L;/alli.  —  Alaska  near  the  coast,  southward  to  Idaho  and  S.  California,  Parish;  common. 

Var.*  Lyalli,  Komxsox,  n.  var.  Similar  iu  habit  aud  foliage  but  commonly  more 
]mbescent  or  hirsute  aud  with  broader  leaf-segments :  akenes  more  or  less  hispid  u])on  the 
faces.  —  ?  R.  occidentalls,  var.  parvijlorus,  Torr.  1.  c.  R.  occideutnlis,  var.  Lt/nlli,  Gray,  1.  c.  — 
Common  in  damp  woodlaml,  Pend  Oreille  Kiver,  Lyall,  and  in  the  C:v<cade  Mountains  from 
N.  California,  Blankinshi ji ,  to  Brit.  Columbia,  Macoun,  aud  northward  to  Wrangel,  Alask:i, 
ace.  to  Miss  Cooley. 

R.*  occidentalls,  Nitt.  Villous-'^ursute,  with  the  hairs  on  the  stem.<5  widely  spreading,  a 
.span  to  a  foot  or  more  high :  radiral  and  lower  cauline  leaves  of  round-iordate  outline, 
deeply  3-.5-cleft  or  almost  parted  into  cuneate-obovate  mostly  2-3-cleft  and  ag-ain  inci.-^etl 
segments  and  lobes,  these  commonly  acute,  occasion.illy  ime  or  two  3-foliolate  and  all  the 
leaflets  petiolulate  ;  upper  smaller  and  with  siin])ler  narrower  commonly  lanceolate  seg- 
ments r  petals  spreading,  various,  conspicuous  and  twice  the  length  of  the  roflexe«l  calyx : 
styles  forming  a  .stout  and  flattened  subulate  hooked  beak  which  equals  or  is  rather  shorU>r 
than  the  glabrous  or  sparingly  bristly  hairy  akene  :  carpel-receptacle  quite  glabrous.  —  Nutt. 

1  From  the  more  copious  material  now  at  hand  it  lia.s  seemed  necessary  to  modify  considerably 
Dr.  Gray's  manuscript  treatment  of  this  and  the  following  siiccies.  His  views  rugardiug  them,  how- 
ever, have  already  been  published  (Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  372-374). 

3 


34  KANUNCULACE.E.  lianunculu^^. 

in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  22 ;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  372.  R.  recurvatus,  var.  Nelsoni, 
DC.  Syst.  i.  290 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  23.  R.  forma  prima  &  forma  secmdn,  Selilecht. 
Animad.  Hanunc.  ii.  28,  under  R.  recurvatus.  R.  occidentalls  (exd.  var.  cohi/s)  &,  R.  Nel- 
sunii,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  374.  R.  Schlechtendalii,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  21,  as  to 
plant  there  described,  but  not  tlic  plant  of  SclUecht.  {R,  fascicularis)  to  which  he  referred 
it,  and  which  was  the  type.  A'.  Eiseni,  Kellogg,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  vii.  115,  and  R.  occi- 
dentalis,  var.  Eiseni,  Gray,  L  c.  (in  its  principal  part),  is  only  a  short-styled  form  of  this 
species.  —  Open  woods  and  low  ground,  northern  Kocky  Mountains  to  the  Alaskan  coast 
and  islands,  and  southward  to  the  borders  of  California,  first  coll.  by  Nelsori,  then  by 
Chamisao.  Kuttall's  original  is  low,  rather  slender  and  naked-stemmed,  small-leaved,  but 
pretty  large-flowered,  the  oblong  or  narrowly  obovate  petals  4  lines  long  :  carpels  glabrous 
with  often  a  few  bristly  hairs  toward  the  back. 

Var.  Rattani,  Gray,  l.  c.  Like  the  typical  form;  but  akenes  papillose-roughened  as 
well  as  densely  liispidulous.  —  On  the  Klamath,  N.  California,'  Rattan,  with  short  and  stout 
strongly  hooked  beak ;  Josephine  Co.,  S.  W.  Oregon.  Ilowelt,  with  more  slender  beak  and 
sparser  hairs  on  the  akene. 

Var.*  roblistus,  Gr^vy.  a  span  to  a  foot  or  more  high,  with  stout  stems,  ample  leaves 
(2  to  4  inches  in  diameter),  and  large  flowers :  petals  broadly  obovate,  4  to  6  lines  long: 
akenes  even  2  lines  in  diameter  and  numerous  in  the  head.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  373. 
Here  Schlechtendal's  "forma  prima  "  with  "fores  magni,"  and  the  type  of  R.  occidentalis, 
Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  374.  — Alaskan  Islands,  especially  Uualaska,  Attar,  Kyska^ 
&c.,  Harrington,  Dall,  &c. 

R.*  Turneri,  Greene.  Habit  and  foliage  much  as  in  the  taller  and  stouter  forms  of  the  pre- 
ceding, but  flowers  larger,  9  to  15  lines  in  breadth,  long-peduncled  :  carpels  more  numer- 
ous, 50  to  60  in  a  head  and  tipped  with  very  strongly  circinate-revolute  styles.  —  Pittonia,  ii. 
296,  &  Erythea,  iii.  54,  excl.  syn.  R.  recurvatus,  var.  robustus.  —  Northern  Alaska,  on  the 
Porcupine  River,  Turner.  This  species  may  perhaps  belong  to  the  next  subdivision,  but  the 
mature  akenes  necessary  to  decide  this  point  are  not  at  hand. 

2.  Broad-hooJc-styled ;  with  recurved-hooked  stj'les  shorter  than  the  ovary,  broad  and  flat, 

stigmatic  for  much  of  their  length,  wholly  persistent  in  a  very  strong  and  flat  triangular 

or  gladiate  hooked  beak,  which  is  much  shorter  than  the  flat  akene  and  confluent  with  its 

sharp  margin :  radical  leaves  divided  or  nearly  so,  petals  only  5. 

R.  acriformis,  Gr.^^y.     Strict  and  slender,  a  foot  high,  hirsute  with  short  mostly  appressed 

pubescence :  leaves  all  palmately  or  pedately  3-5-parted  or  divided  into  narrow  2-3-cleft 

segments  and  lobes,  the  latter  lanceolate  or  linear  and  mostly  entire;   petals   orbicular- 

obovate,  a  quarter  inch  long,  hardly  double  the  length  of  the  spreading  calyx  :   akenes  over 

a  line  long,  with  curved  beak  of  half  its  length.—-  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  374.     R.  acrix 

Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  18  (partly),  &  Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  vi.  66.  — Eastern  part  of  Rocky 

Mountains  in  Brit.  Am.,  lat.  58°,  Drummond  ;  Wyoming,  Parry  (distrib.  as  A',  ajffinis).  Wind 

River,  Forwood,  and  near  Cheyenne,'-  Greene,  the  latter  coll.  July,  1872. 

R.  canus,  Benth.     Erect  or  ascending,  robust,  a  foot  or  two  high,  soft  villous  with  white 

hairs  when  young,  at  length  commonly  green  and  sparsely  villous  or  glabrate  :  leaves  mostly 

3-divided  and  the  middle  or  all  the  leaflets  petiolulate,  all  more  or  less  cuneate  and  2-3-cleft 

with  the  lobes  incised :  petals  obovate,  half  inch  or  less  in  length,  fully  twice  the  length  of 

the  reflexed  soft-villous  calyx:  akenes  fully  2 i  lines  long,  the  broad  and  hooked  beak  less 

than  a  line  long. — PI.  Hartw.  294;  Gray,  1.  c.     R.  daliforninis,  var.  canns,  Brew.  &  Wats. 

Bot.  Calif,  i.  8.     7^  occidentalis,  var.  canus,  Graj',  1.  c.  viii.  374.  —  Low  grounds,  valley  of 

the  Sacramento,  California,  Hartweg  (in  flower),  probably  near  Chico,  where  now  coll.  in 

flower  and  fruit  by  Mrs.  Bidwell.^ 

1  Mendocino  County,  Calif.,  Blankinship,  and  reported  from  Mt.  Hauiilton,  Central  Calif.,  by 
Greene,  Erythea,  i.  88. 

2  And  on  the  Laramie  River,  Crandall. 

3  The  type  of  this  species  is  .silky-lanate.  throughout  and  appears  to  be  an  unusual  form  not  .since 
rediscovered.  Prof.  Greene  (Erythea,  ii.  189)  believe.s  the  greener  sub-glabrate  form  a  distiuct 
species,  whicli  he  has  called  R.  hesperoxgs.  He  adduces,  however,  no  satisfactory  difl"erences  other 
than  the  more  deciduous  indumentxun. 


Eanunculux.  KANUNCULACEiE.  35 

Var.*  Blankinshipii,  RoniNSON,  n.  var.  Silky-Liuate  induiiientuin  perBistiiig  but 
less  cleuse  thau  in  tlie  type:  akenes  conspicuously  liispid-papillose. — Capay,  Yolo  Couuty, 
Calif.,  J.  W.  BlauUnshlj),  15  April,  1893. 

3.  Short-st filed ;  the  iutrorsely  stifijniatic  styU's  thickish-subulate  and  mostly  all  persisting  iu 
the  short  and  straight  or  recurved  beak :  herbage  hirsute  or  pubescent. 

O  Lax  or  weak-stemmed,  Californiau,  no  stolons :  petals  more  thau  5 ;  lieak  of  akenes  suIj- 
ulate  and  more  or  less  hooked. 

R.  Californicus,  Benth.  Usually  pubescent  or  hirsute,  6  to  25  inches  high,  brandling 
and  naked  above:  petals  6  to  15  (sometimes  only  5?),  deep  glossy  yellow,  or  becoming 
paler,  oblong  or  narrowly  obovate,  a  tliird  to  half  inch  long:  akenes  fiat  but  only  slightly 
margined,  2  lines  or  less  long,  and  beak  about  half  line  long.  —  PI.  Ilartw.  295 ;  Rrew.  & 
Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  7  (excl.  var.  cams) ;  Gray,  1.  c.  37'J.  N.  disscctus,  Hook.  &  Am.  Bot. 
Beech.  316,  not  Bieb.  li.  arris,  var.  (ik'ppii,  Nutt.)  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  21.  li.  d^lj.hiui- 
foliusf  Torr.  &  Gray,  1  c.  659,  not  IIBK.*  — Dry  or  barely  moist  ground,  common  through- 
out all  the  western  part  of  California  and  adjacent  Oregon;  early  coil,  by  Dourjlas  and 
by  2h.  Coidter.  The  typical  form  with  leaves  some  teruately  divided  or  parted  and  some 
pinnately  5-divided  into  linear  or  narrow  lanceolate  and  often  2-3-parted  divisions,  passes 
freely  into 

Var.  latilobUS,  Gray.  Radical  leaves  palmately  3-parted  or  divided  into  broadly  or 
narrowly  cuneate  incisely  cleft  or  laciniate  divisions,  and  cauline  leaves  correspondingly 
coarse.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acnd.  xxi.  375.  It.  Ludovicianus,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  58.  — 
A  common  form,  especially  southward,  from  San  Francisco  Bay  to  San  Diego  and  San  Ber- 
nardino.    Some  forms  too  nearly  approach  R.  canus.^ 

O  O  Strictly  erect  species,  introduced  from  Europe,  no  stolons :  very  short  styles  stigmatase 
for  all  or  most  of  their  length :  petals  5,  broad,  a  third  to  half  inch  long.  See  also  R. 
pai-vulus. 

R.  AcKis,  L.  Tall,  not  bulbous-thickened  at  base  of  stem,  summer-flowering:  leaves  of 
rounded  outline,  pedately  .5-parted  or  almost  divided  ;  but  divisions  not  petiolulate,  2-3  cleft 
and  laciniate,  lobes  and  teetli  acute :  calyx  merely  spreading :  petals  smaller  and  less  glo8.sy 
than  in  the  next :  short  style  more  prominent.  —  Spec.  i.  554  ;  Curt.  Fl.  Loud.  i.  t.  39  ;  fI. 
Dan.  t.  2415;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  21,  excl.  var.  —  Moist  ground,  Atlantic  States  an<i 
Canada,  especially  eastward  (Nat.  from  Eu.) :  Newfoundland,  &.c.,  where,**  as  in  Greenland, 
perhaps  indigenous. 

R.  bulb6su8,  L.  a  foot  or  two  high  from  a  globose  solid-bulbous  base  or  corm,  spring- 
flowering:  radical  leaves  of  ovate  outline,  divided  into  3  roundish  leaflets,  of  whidi  the 
middle  one  is  conspicuously  and  the  lateral  slightly  if  at  all  petiolulate,  and  all  3-cleft  or 
parted  and  incised,  lobes  and  teetli  mostly  obtuse :  petals  ohovate-orbicular,  deep  glossy 
yellow:  calyx  reflexed:  style  very  short.  —  Spec.  i.  554;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  551  ;  Schkuhr,  Ilandb. 
t.  152;  Bigel.  Med.  Bot.  iii.  61,  t.  47.  —  Meadows  and  pastures,  Canada  to  Virginia,  and 
even  Louisiana,  but  most  common  in  New  England.*     { Nat  from  Eu. ) 

0  O  O  Erect  or  ascending,  not  stoloniferous,  5-petalous :  straiglit  and  stout-subulate  style 
stigmatose  for  a  good  part  of  its  length,  and  persisting  in  a  l)road-subulatc  bt\ik. 

R.  Pennsylvanicus,  L.  f.  Erect  from  an  (at  least  sometimes)  anniud  root,  hirsute  with 
widely  spreading  almost  hispid  hairs  :  stem  stout,  a  foot  or  two  high,  leafy  to  the  top :  leaves 
all  ternately  compound  and  petiolulate  leaflets  Sparted  or  deeply  cleft  into  oblong  or 
cuneate-lanceolate  and  laciniate  segments  and  lobes,  these  acute :  peduncles  sh«)rt :  jietals 
oblong  or  obovate  and  small,  a  line  or  two  long,  not  surpassing  the  reflexed  calyx :  akenes  a 
line  long,  pointed  with  a  nearly  sLraigiit  short  beak,  Ijecoming  spicate  in  the  oblong  or 

1  Add  syn.  f  R.  rugulosus,  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  58. 

2  A  number  of  further  varieties  of  the  polymorphous  Ji.  Callfortiicvs  liave  been  characterized  by 
Prof.  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  299,  &  Erytliea,  i.  125;  the  material  at  haml,  however,  fails  to  show  these 
forms  well  marked  among  frequent  intermediates. 

*  There  is  little  iu  its  mode  of  occurrence  in  Newfoundland  to  sutr^est  indigenous  nature,  since  it 
appears  there  as  elsewhere  in  America  along  roadsides,  about  habitittioiis,  and  iu  pastures. 

*  Sj^aringly  introduced  also  in  the  far  west,  S.  Brit.  Columbia,  Maamn. 


3G  KANlNCri-ACF-.K.  lianuuculus. 

cyliudraceous  head.  —  Suppl.  272;  Poir.  Diet.  vi.  120;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  19;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  22.  R.  Canadensis,  Jacq.  Misc.  ii.  343,  &  Ic.  Rar.  t.  105.  li.  trifolius,  Mccnch, 
Meth.  Suppl.  70.  •  R.  ht'spidus,  rnrsh,  Fl.  ii.  395,  not  Michx.  R.  fascicularis,  Wats.  Bot. 
King  Exp.  9  ?  a  dwarf  form.  —  Wet  ground,  Upper  Georgia  to  Nova  Scotia,  and  westward 
to  Arizuua  and  Fort  Colville  on  the  Upper  Columbia,  &c. 
R.*  MacOlinii,  I'.uitton.i  Ascending  or  declined,  usually  hut  not  always  hispidly  hirsute 
with  spreading  liairs,  annual  or  biennial,  but  the  f;v<cicled  roots  sometimes  thickened  and 
more  enduring :  stem's  few-leaved,  6  to  20  inches  long :  leaves  all  ternatoly  compound  ;  leaf- 
lets mostlv  sleuder-petiolulate  and  broadly  ovate  in  outline,  3-parted  or  cleft  into  rhomboidal 
or  narrower  and  laciuiate  mostly  acute  segments  and  lobes :  peduncles  rather  long :  petals 
obovate,  mostlv  3  lines  long,  surpassing  tlie  spreading  or  hardly  rcflexed  and  early  decidu- 
ous calvx  :  akenes  mostly  a  line  and  a  half  long,  with  short  and  straight  (about  half  line 
long)  beak  iormed  of  the  whole  flat  subulate  style ;  tlie  head  (as  in  all  but  the  l:\st  i)reced- 
ing'' species)  globular  or  at  most  oval.  —Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  xii.  3.  R.  hlspidus.  Hook. 
Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  I'J;  Turr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  22,  not  Michx.  R.  repens,  var.  hispidus,  Tott.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  658,  in  jjart.  —  Moi.st  ground,  Canada  and  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior  to 
Saskatchewan  and  northward,  south  to  New  Mexico,  Thurber,  and  Utah,  west  to  Oregon 
and  Brit.  Columbia,  lleclining  summer  stems  seldom  if  ever  rooting.  Species  sometimes 
confounded  with  R.  Pennsi/lvanicus,  sometimes  with  R.  septentrional  is.  R.  luspidns,  var. 
Orei)mi,is,  Grav,  Froc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  376  {R.  uitidiis,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  20,  in  part),  is 
a  smoutliish  form,  common  in  shaded  and  wet  grounds,  from  Oregon,  Howell,  Suksdorf,  &c., 
to  Fr;u;er  Kiver.^ 

O  O  O  O  Ascending,  also  creeping  l)y4)rocumbent  rooting  branches  or  stolons:  short  sub- 
ulate style  stigmatose  for  its  whole  length  and  all  or  nearly  all  of  it  persisting  in  the  beak. 
R.  repens,  L.  Soft-hirsute  or  pubescent,  sometimes  almost  glabrous :  principal  leaves  of 
ovate  or  roundish  outline,  not  rarely  white-variegated  or  spotted,  some  only  3-parted,  more 
divided  into  3  rhombic-ovate  2-3-lobed  and  incised  leaflets,  the  middle  and  often  the  lateral 
ones  petiolulate,  sometimes  these  again  2-3-parted ;  lobes  and  teeth  of  rtnver  leaves  obtuse  i 
petals  broadly  cuneate-obovate,  a  third  to  half  inch  long :  calyx  spreading :  akenes  over  a 
line  long.  — Spec.  i.  554;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  795;  Curt.  Fl.  Lond.  iv.  t.  38;  lleichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ, 
iii.  t.  20,  but  only  partly  of  Amer.  authors.  R.  prostratus,  Poir.  Diet.  vi.  113  ;  Eaton,  Mai'' 
ed.  5,  358.  R.  Clintonii,  Beck,  P>ot.  9.  —  Low  grounds,  Nova  Scotia  3  and  Canada  to  Vir- 
ginia, generally  in  waste  grounds  near  the  coast,  but  also  on  river-banks  well  in  the  interior, 
and  in  New  Mexico,  Nevada,*  &c.,  where  it  is  manifestly  indigenous ;  flowering  later  than 
R.  septentrionalis.     (Eu.,  Asia.) 

4  Long-sti/led  and  mostly  long-beaked  :  i.  e.  styles  more  or  less  elongated  and  attenuate 
upward,  introrsely  stigmatose  only  at  and  near  the  tip,  sometimes  all  persistent,  but 
mostly  with  the  slender  upper  portion  deciduous  from  the  beak  at  maturity  or  fragile. 

0  Petals  5  :  primary  radical  leaves  or  some  of  them  (at  least  in  dry  soil)  commonly 
undivided  and  only  3-parted,  but  succeeding  ones  3-5-foliolai;e. 

R.*  hispidus,  Micux.s  Stems  rather  .slender,  6  inches  to  1^  feet  high,  flexuous,  hirsute  or 
viUous  especially  when  young,  sometimes  glabrate  :  pubescence  of  the  lower  part  commonly 
spreading,  of  the  leaves  appressed  :  root  a  cluster  of  stout  fibres :  leaves  palmately  3-parted 
or  i)edatelv  and  somewhat  pinuately  3(-5)-divided  ;  segments  or  leaflets  oblong-oblanceolate 
to  obovate,  usually  narrowed  at  the  base,  usually  acutely  toothed  and  sohiewhat  irregularly 
cleft :  flowers  large  :  petals  nmch  exceeding  the  sepals  :  head  of  carpels  globose  to  ovoid  ; 
akenes  suborbicnlar,  rather  numerous,  strongly  margined  and  tipped  with  a  subulate  per- 
sistent straightish  or  slightly  curved  style.  —  Fl.  i.  321  ;  Britton,  Trans.  N.Y.Acad.  Sci. 

1  Name  substituted  for  the  one  used  in  Dr.  Gray'.-  jnanuscript;  see  foot-note  5,  below. 

2  Also  at  Sproat  and  Kootenai  Lake,  Brit.  Columbia,  ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun,  Bot.  Gaz.  xvi.  28o. 
8  Newfounilland,  Robinson  &  Schrenk. 

4  Hnniboldt  Co.,  Calif.,  Marshall,  ace.  to  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  38;  and  frequent  in  lawns  about  San 
Francisco,  ace.  to  Greene,  ^lan.  Bay  Reg.  3,  where  doubtless  intio.iuccd. 

s  This  and  the  following  two  species  are  here  interpreted  in  the  light  of  Dr.  Britto.i  s  revision 
cited.  Dr.  Gray  had  in  his  manuscript  notes,  made  in  Paris  in  1887,  already  separated  the  R.  hispidus 
of  Michx.  from  that  of  Hooker. 


Rnmoiculus.  UANUXCULACr:.K.  37 

xii.  4;  not  DC,  nor  Hook.,  nor  Gray.  II.  ^faril,ln(licu»,  Poir.  Diet.  vi.  126,  /ide  Gray,  ma. 
1887.  R.  repcns,  var.  Mmilnndlnts,  T.jrr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  21  ;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.'lS.  R./niirn. 
laris,  Britton,  I'l.  N.  J.  4,./(VA.'  Brittoii,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acu<l.  Sci.  xii.  ;J.  — Cojumon  in  wckmIs. 
tliroughout  the  Midillo  States  and  e.vti-ntling  from  Canada  to  (Georgia,  Arkansas,  and 
probaldy  Texa.s  ;  fl.  early  .spring,  Ajml,  May;  in  the  Soutli,  February. 
R.*  septentrionalis,  Pom.  Similar  to  tiie  [)rcc('ding,  but  stouter,  taller,  more  erect,  often 
.stuloiiifcruus,  from  very  coarsely  and  co|)iously  hirsute  to  almost  or  quite  glabroiia  :  leaves 
nearly  all  poilatejy  and  ])innately  .3-foliolate  :  leaflets  .3-parted  and  sharply  inciseil :  flr>wers 
large,  often  more  than  an  inch  broad  :  fruiting  heads  ovoi<l ;  carjiels  stmngly  comiircs.«;.-d, 
ovate,  short-oblong,  or  oliovato,  rather  gradually  contracted  into  a  long  flat  beak.  — Did.  vi! 
125.  R.  toiiiciitosns,  Poir.  1.  c.  127.  f  II.  lucidus,  Poir.  1.  c.  11.3.  R.  reprns  of  Amer.  authors 
in  great  part.  R.  fascicidaris,  Schlecht.  Animad.  Ranunc.  ii.  ,30,  t.  2,  not  Muhl.  A'.  Schlec'liten- 
data,  Hook.  ¥1.  Bor.-Am.  i.  21,  a-s  to  type,  but  see  also  synonyms  of  R.  onidentalU.  R.  liel- 
visii,  DC.  Sj-st.  i.  291.  ? R.  Philonotis,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  393!  —New  Brunswick,  Fowler,  tt)  New- 
Jersey,  Kentucky,  and  northward  to  Winnipeg,  Bourgcati;  common  in  moist  places; 
fl.  May,  June. 

R.*  palmatus,  Ei.l.  A  similar  but  smaller  plant,  weak,  decuml>ent,  sending  out  runners: 
leaves  small,  thin,  an  inch  broail,  tlie  lowest  subentire  or  usually  more  or  less  deejilv  3-])artcd 
or  divided ;  segments  or  leaflets  ovate,  obtusely  few-toothed :  flowers  but  hidf  inch  in  diam- 
eter: achenes  broadly  and  sharjjly  margined,  few  in  number,  tipped  with  a  strong  flat 
straightish  beak.  — Sk.  ii.  61 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  658;  Cliapm.  Fl.  8;  ^yats.  Bibl.  inde.x, 
21  ;  Britton,  1.  c.  6.  R.  septentrionalis.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  376,  in  part,  not  Poir.— 
Swanijjy  grounds  iu  pine  barrens,  South  Carolina  to  Tennessee  anil  Florida;  fl.  Ai.ril 
May. 

R.  fascicularis,  Muiil.  A  span  or  two  high,  tufted,  soon  spreading,  but  no  sarmentose 
stems:  fascicled  roots  tuberou.s-thickened  or  fusiform:  i)ubescence  almost  all  cIo.>selv  ai>- 
pressed:  earliest  radical  leaves  ovate  or  oblong  and- almo.st  entire  or  rounded  and  3-lob.-.l  or 
parted;  later  and  principal  ones  of  oblong  outline,  and  di.spo.sed  to  be  pinnatelv  quinate, 
some  with  divisions  or  leaflets  again  3-7-partcd ;  lobes  from  linear-spatulate  to  oblongi 
obtuse  :  petals  obovate-oblong,  from  quarter  to  lialf  indi  long  :  akencs  lenticular,  le.ss  mar- 
gined than  in  the  foregoing  and  with  more  slender  style  and  beak.  — Cat.  54;  Big.d.  Fl. 
Bost.  1.37  (1814):  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  20,  t.  8,  f.  1  ;"  Gray.  Gen.  111.  i.  30,  t.  9,'  not  of 
Sciilecht.  a:id  some  Amer.  authoi-s.  —  Moist  or  dry  liills,  Canada  and  F.  \ew  England  and 
Texas,  northwest  to  L.  Winnipeg ;  fl.  early. 

O  O  IVtals  7  to  16;  no  creeping  nor  procumbent  basal  stems:  plants  of  Mexican  tvpe. 

R,  macranthus,  Scheele.  Hirsute:  stems  erect  and  a  foot  or  two  high,  or  2  to  3  feet 
long  and  declining,  commonly  robust :  leaves  nearly  as  of  R.  srpinitriomilis,  but  many  qui- 
nate :  petals  from  a  third  to  nearly  full  inch  long,  from  obovate  to  oblong :  akenes  nnistlv 
numerous  in  a  large  head,  ovate  or  orbicular,  conspicuously  thin-margined,  at  length  with  a 
rather  short  broadly  flat-subulate  beak,  the  slender  upper  ])ortion  of  the  long  straight  stvle 
falling  away.  — Linn asa,  xxi.  585;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  29;  Rothrock  in  Wheeler,  Hep. 
vi.  58;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  377.  R.  repms,  var.  mnrrant/uis.  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  ii. 
141,  &  PI.  Wright,  ii.  8.  — Moist  gro.nnd,  S.  &  W.  Texas,  first  coll.  by  Lindhcimer,  to  S.  W. 
Arizona,  Rothrock,  Pringle,  [jemmon. 

R.  orthorh:^nchus,  Hook.  From  sparsely  hirsute  (with  spreading  hairs)  to  nearly  gla- 
brous :  stems  erect,  a  foot  or  so  high  from  a  fascicled  root  of  thick  fibres  :  leaves  mostly  of 
oblong  general  outline  and  pinnate  division  into  5  to  7  leaflets  or  segments  (lower  commonly 
short  potiolulate,  upper  confluent),  the.se  again  usually  cleft  or  incised  :  petals  a  third  to  half 
inch  long,  ol)Ovate  (sometimes  purjdo  underneath),  much  surpassing  the  reflexed  »<Mm 
fleciduous  calyx:  akenes  usually  not  numerous  in  the  head,  ovate,  nearly  two  lines  long, 
strongly  margined,  bearing  a  slender  subulate  rigid  and  straight  beak  of  nearly  e4]ual 
length  which  consists  of  the  wholly  per.^istent  style.  —  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Aciul.  xxi.  377. 
Varies  cxtemely  in  foliage:  the  typical  form,  stenophvi.ms,  with  :ill  the  leaves  somewhat 
bipinnately  dissected  into  segments  of  a  line  or  less  in  width  (as  in  the  figure),  or  some 
radical  ones  simply  divided  into  broad  cuneate  or  ohov.ate  2-3-lol)ed  or  totithe<l  segment.s  or 

1  Add  Meehan's  Monthlv.  ii.  1.  t.  1. 


38  RANUNCULACE.E.  Ranunculus. 

leaflets.  — 7?.  orihorkynchus.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  21,  t.  9;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  24;  Walp. 
Rep.  i.  43  (misprinted  ornilhorhi/nrhus) ;  (Jray,  1.  c.  viii.  373.  But  not  R.  dichotomns,  M09.  & 
Sesse,  of  Mexico,  as  supposed  by  Schlecht.  Linnaea,  vi.  579.  —  Wet  ground,  W.  Oregon  to 
Brit.  Columbia;  first  coll.  by  Douglas.    Passes  into  the  very  marked 

Var.  platyph^llus,  Gray,  1.  c.  Rol)ust,  1  to  3  (according  to  Kellogg  even  over  5) 
feet  high:  leaves  with  limb  2  to  4  inches  long,  and  leaflets  or  segments  1  to  3  inches  long, 
from  oblong  or  rhuniboidal  to  ovate,  laciniately  cleft  and  incised :  petals  varying  from  a 
quarter  to  three  fourths  inch  long:  beak  of  akenes  sometimes  2  lines  long.  —  R.  macranthus, 
Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  9 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  8,  not  Scheele.  R.  maximus,  Greene, 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiv.  118.  —  Wet  soil,  Wasatch  Mountains,  N.  Utah,  Watson,  Jonex,  and 
N.  Nevada,  near  Pyramid  Lake,  Lemmon,  to  Marin  and  Mendocino  Co.,  Calif,  Krllo;/if, 
Bolander,^  in  the  largest  forms.'^  Smaller  and  moderately  broad-leaved,  N.  California, 
Greene,  Mrs.  Austin;  Klikitat  Co.,  Washington,  Suksdorf;  nxountains  of  Idalio,  Watson.^ 

b.  Annuals  or  biennials,  all  bat  one  introduced  from  the  Old  World. 
1.  Akenes  smooth  and  even,  or  at  length  with  some  scattered  and  very  small  papillae: 
flowers  moderately  large  and  showy. 

R.  pAkvclcs,  L.  a  span  to  a  foot  high  (variable  in  size  in  the  manner  of  annuals),  hirsute, 
especially  the  lower  part  of  the  erect  or  ascending  stems  and  petioles :  radical  leaves,  some 
3-parted,  but  most  3-foliolate,  with  at  least  middle  leaflet  petiolulate,  all  of  roundish  or 
obovate  and  cuneate  outline,  and  mostly  cleft  and  incised  or  dentate  in  tlie  way  of  R.  repens : 
petals  much  surpassing  the  reflexed  calyx:  akenes  (a  line  long)  orbicular,  fiat,  with  a  thin 
sharp  margin,  tipped  with  a  very  short  triangular-subulate  beak,  consisting  of  tlie  whole 
introrsely  stigmatose  style.  —  Mant.  79 ;  Smith,  Fl.  Brit.  593.  R.  Sai-dous,  Crantz,  Stirp. 
Anstr.  if.  84  (ed.  2,  i.  111).  R.  hirsiUus,  Curt.  Fl.  Lond.  ii.  t.  40;  Ait.  Kew.  ii.  268;  Eng. 
Bot.  t.  1504;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  iii.  t.  23.  R.  philonotis,  Ehrh.  Rpitr.  ii.  145;  Retz. 
Obs.  vi.  31 ;  Fl.  l-»an.  ix.  t.  14b9;  probaljly  not  of  Tursh.  —  Low  ground,  Savannah,  Georgia, 
Canbij  ;  the  akenes  aU  smooth.  Near  Philadelphia,  but  only  in  baUast  grounds,  Martindale. 
(Sparingly  nat.  from  Eu.) 

2.  Akenes  hispidulous  with  hooked  hairs  and  papillose-scabrous :  flowers  minute. 

R.  hebecarpus,  Hook.  &  Arn.  Slender,  sometimes  exiguous,  a  span  to  a  foot  high,  pa- 
niculately  branched,  lax-hirsute :  leaves  of  rounded  outline,  small,  ternately  or  pedately 
parted,  or  some  divided  into  petiolulate  simple  or  laciniately  cleft  leaflets :  peduncles  short : 
petals  a  line  or  less  long,  pale  yellow,  not  surpassing  the  sepals :  akenes  few  in  the  loose 
heads,  obliquely  orbicul.ar.  flat,  a  line  or  less  long,  tipped  with  a  sliort  subulate  curved  beak. 
—  Bot.  Beech.  316;  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  62;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  8,  with  var.  jmsil- 
lus,  mere  depauperate  plants.  R.  parvi floras,  var.,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  25,  659.  —  Open 
ground,  throughout  W.  California  to  Washington.  (Lower  Calif.) 
3.  Akenes  muriculate  or  echinate. 

R.  PARvrFL6Rns,  L.  Villous  or  hirsute,  slender  and  low,  diffuse :  radical  leaves  orbicular  in 
outline,  3-5-parted  or  divided  and  the  cuneate  segments  laciniate-lobed :  inflorescence  and 
flowers  nearly  of  the  preceding :  akenes  rougher  papillose-scabrous,  not  hairy,  tipped  with 
very  short  beak.  — Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  780;  Eng.  Bot.  t.  120;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  iii.  t.  22; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.,  excl.  var.  R.  trachyspermus.  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  65.  —  Waste  grounds  near  towns, 
&c.,  Maryland  to  Florida,  Texas,  and  Arkansas.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

R.  muricAtus,  L.  Glabrous  or  sparsely  pubescent,  rather  stout  and  succulent,  span  to  a  foot 
or  so  high  :  leaves  mostly  round-cordate  or  reniform,  3-5-cleft  and  coarsely  crenate-dentate : 
petals  deep  yellow,  a  quarter  inch  long,  surpassing  the  calyx :  akenes  quarter  inch  long 
besides  the  stout  subulate  curved  beak,  which  is  confluent  with  the  strong  and  salient  mar- 
gins, the  flat  faces  conspicuously  tuberculate  or  echinuLe.  -Spec.  i.  555 ;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  321  ; 
Lam.  lU.  t.  498 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  24.  —  Wet  soil  near  towns,  Virginia  to  S.  Carolina, 
Louisiana,  and  California  near  San  Francisco  to  S.  Oregon.  (Nat.  from  Ru.) 
R.  ARviNSis,  L.  of  Europe,  with  linear-lobed  leaves  and  coarse  ecKnate  akenes,  has  been 

detected  in  ballast  grounds.* 

1  Sonoma  Co.,  Calif.,  Congdmu 

2  Similar  robust  forms  have  been  recently  collected  in  Humb-jldt  Co.,  Calif.,  Blankinship. 
8  And  in  S.  Brit.  Cohimbia,  Macoun. 

4  Tliis  speries,  according  to  Britton  (Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix.  21[t),  i-^  .spreading  in  New  Jersey. 


Caltha.  RANUNCULACE.E.  39 

Recently  pulilislied  species  of  uncertain  affinities. 

R.*  AustinaB,  Greene.  "  Perennial  l>y  a  fitscide  of  coarse  and  lonfj  flesliy-fihrouH  r<M>li*: 
stem  and  leaves  glabrous,  weak  and  ratlier  succulent,  the  former  G  to  10  indies  lii;.;h  ;  radical 
leaves  few,  of  nmnd-obovate  outline,  abruptly  tapering  to  tlie  very  long  and  sK-nder  )M-liolo 
or  nearly  truncate  at  base,  and  witii  mostly  al»uut  five  rather  slialluw  terminal  IoIm-jj, 
some  with  three  largo  and  rather  deeper  lobes;  cauline  leaves  cuneate-olM)vato,  S-IoIkmI, 
sessile :  flowers  .solitary,  on  very  long  anil  slender  ijeduucles,  these  few  and  terminal  or  «ui>- 
t»riP'!r..ii :  petals  white :  stamens  yellow,  rather  few :  carpels  pnlxnilcnt,  roiiniicd,  neither 
comjjres.sed  nor  margined,  tipped  witii  a  long  and  .slender  straight  or  m-arly  stniight  U-ak, 
and  arranged  in  an  ovoid  or  more  elongated  head."  —  Erythea,  iii.  44.  —  Crevices  »if  lava 
rock  ea.stof  Willow  Creek  Valley,  2s.  Calif.,  Mrs.  Austin.  Description  (pioled  from  original 
characterization. 

R.*  alceus,  Greene.  "  Less  than  a  foot  high,  ratlier  .slender,  freely  branching,  wift-liirsutc 
and  villous  but  not  canescent:  leaves  only  abtmt  1  inch  long,  on  slender  petinles,  of  o\ato 
general  outline  and  in  3  divisions,  the  middle  one  stalked,  all  cuneiform  and  doul)ly  cleft: 
flowers  very  small,  the  round-obovate  petals  5  only,  barely  a  line  long :  akenes  rather 
numerous,  obliquely  obovoid,  smooth,  or  with  a  faint  venation,  tipped  with  a  stout  recurved 
beak,  and  forming  a  globose  head."  —  Erythea,  iii.  69.  —  Elk  Mountain,  Mendocino  C«j., 
Calif.,  Jepson.     Description  quoted  from  the  original  characterization. 

10.  CAIjTHA,  L.  Marsh  Marigold.  (Ancient  Latin  name  of  a 
strong-scented  plant,  probably  the  true  Marigold,  Calendula.  The  common 
derivation,  originated  by  Linnaeus,  is  a  mere  conjecture.)  —  Perennial  herbs,  of 
temperate  and  frigid  regions,  glabrous ;  with  a  fascicle  of  strong  fibrous  roots, 
simple  leaves  more  or  less  rounded  and  cordate  at  base,  and  pedunculate  showy 
flowers,  either  solitary  or  several  and  cymosely  clustered.  —  Gen.  no.  4G3  ;  Benth. 
&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  6.^ 

*  Leafy-stemmed:  follicles  sessile  :  flowering  in  early  s]iring. 
C.  paltistris,  L.  (Marsh  Marigold,  vulgarly  called  Coivslips.)  Stem  erect,  commonly 
robust,  few-leaved,  usually  several-flowered  :  leaves  from  orbicular-cordate  to  rcniform,  from 
dentate  or  crenate  to  entire :  sepals  5  or  6,  rarely  7,  oval,  half  inch  or  more  long,  golden 
yellow:  anthers  elongated-oblong.  —  Spec.  i.  558;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  32,  t.  10.  C.  palugtris, 
Jxcarioides,  &  flahellifolia,  I'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  389,  390,  the  last  (t.  17)  a  weak  form  in  cdd 
mountain  springs,  mth  tiiinner  open-reniform  leaves  and  smaller  flowers,  approaching  the 
following  var.  —  In  wet  ground,  Atlantic  U.  S.  east  of  the  Mississii)pi,  from  the  mountains 
of  Carolina  and  Tennessee  northward  to  Newfoundland,  thence  west  to  Minnesota  atid 
Saskatchewan ;  and  in  some  forms  to  Alaska  and  the  arctic  coast  but  mainly  a.s  var. 
(Eu.,  Asia.) 

Var.  radicans,  Gray,  n.  var.  Stems  becoming  decumbent  or  procumbent  and  com- 
monly rooting  at  tiie  nodes,  1 -few-flowered  :  flowers  either  similar  or  smaller:  leaves  cciually 
various,  ofteuer  dilated-reniform,  sometimes  nearly  truncate  at  base.  —  t.  radicans.  Forst. 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  324,  t.  17.  C.  asarifolia,  DC.  Syst.  i.  309.  C.  nrcticn,  M.  Br.  in  Parry, 
1st  Voy.  Suppl.  to  App.  265,  said  to  have  linear  anthers,  but  hardly  so.  C.  /.fi/i/s/r/s,  v.ir. 
Sihirica,  Kegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mose.  xxxiv.  pt.  2,  53,  in  part.  —  Subarctic  and  arctic 
America,  Melville  Island  to  Alaska.  (Scotland  to  Kamtsch.,  Japan,  &c.) 
C.  natans,  Pall.  Stems  prostrate  or  floating,  rooting  freely,  with  solitary  or  a  few  sc.ittered 
flowers:  leaves  round-reniform,  crenulate  or  entire:  sepals  oval,  2  or  3  lines  long,  white  or 
tinged  with  rose :  stamens  few :  anthers  short^val  •.  follicles  not  over  2  lines  long,  blunt  or 
mucrouulate,  forming  a  close  globular  head.  —  Reise.  iii.  284  (Gmel.  Fl.  Sibir.  iv.  192,  t.  82) ; 
DC.  1.  c.  311 ;  R.  Br.  1.  c.  265;  Lawson,  Rev.  Canad.  Kanunc.  68.  — Wet  si.hagnous  l-.gs 
and  flowing  water,  Brit.  America,  Athabasca  Plains  -  and  northwanl.     (N.  Asia,  Kamtsch,) 

1  Recent  literature:  G.  Beck,  K.  K.  zool.  Imt.  Gesdl.srh.  Vorliandl.  (Vienna),  xxwi.  .'?»7.  :•>'<% 
E.  Huth,  Mono^-.  in  Helios,  ix.  69-74,  t.  1. 

2  Since  collected  at  Tower,  Minnesota,  E.  J.  Flill,  and  in  Vermillion  liftkc,  Sandberg. 


40  rxANUNCrLACE.E.  Caltha. 

*  *  Scapose   or   barely  one-leavcil,  1-2-flowerecl,  erect :   sepals  -nhite,  sometimes  bluish : 
follicles  more  or  less  stipitate,  pointed  with  short  style. 

C.  biflora,  r>C.  Scape  slender:  leaves  round- reniform,  crenate  or  repand  :  sepals  6  to  9, 
ovtU,  becoming  oblong:  follicles  at  maturity  distinctly  stipitate.  —  Syst.  i.  310;  Hook.  Fl. 
Bor.-Am.  i.  22 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  27  ;  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  427.  C.  lepiosepala,  Gray, 
Troc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  .375;  Brew.  &  "Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  9,  mainly. — Damp  ground,  Alaska 
to  mountains  of  California,  first  coll.  by  Menzies. 

C.  leptosepala,  DC.  1.  c.  Stouter:  leaves  from  round-oval  or  round-obovate  to  ovate  with 
:<mall  and  narrow  (cordiform  or  sagittiform)  sinus,  crenate  or  repand,  tlie  nerves  at  base 
nearly  parallel :  sepals  7  to  10,  oblong,  becoming  narrower:  follicles  obscurely  stipitate. — 
Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  22, 1. 10 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  27  ;  Garden,  xxx.  340,  t.  SG.").!  C.  sar/illata, 
Torr.' Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  164,  not  Cav.  —  Alaska  and  Washington,  and  higher  Rocky 
Mountains  from  Brit.  Columbia  to  N.  Nevada,  Utah,  and  S.  Colorado;  first  coll.  by  Menzies. 

11.  TROLLIUS,  L.  Globe-flower.  (Name,  a  Latinization  by  Gesner 
of  TrolU  from  the  German  venuicular  name  Trollblume,  of  which  the  origin  is 
doubtful.) — Perennial  herbs,  of  the  northern  temperate  zone,  glabrous;  with 
palmately  cleft  and  incised  or  dissected  leaves,  and  large  usually  solitary  flowers 
terminating  simple  stems  ;  fl.  in  spring  and  early  summer.  —  Gen.  ed.  5,  no.  620  ; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  33,  t.  11.  « 

T.  EuROP.^us,  L.,  the  true  Globe-floavek,  which  answers  to  the  name  in  the  globular  form 

of  tlie  golden  yellow  calyx,  is  cultivated  in  gardens. 

T.  laxus,  Salisb.  At  length  a  foot  or  two  high :  leaves  5-7-parted :  sepals  .5  or  6,  spread- 
ing, ochroleucous  or  dull  white :  petals  15  to  25,  inconspicuous,  being  shorter  than  the 
stamens.  — Trans.  Liun.  Soc.  viii.  303;  Tursh,  i?i.  ii.  G5I  ,  Terr  FV  N.  Y.  i.  18.  t.  3;  Gray, 
1.  c.  «Ss  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ."^er.  2,  xxxiii.  241  (var.  albijiurus) ;  Lawsou,  1.  c.  70.  T.  Amerkamis, 
Muhl.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  1791,  172,  &  Cat.  54;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1988;  DC.  Syst. 
i.  313,  a  much  earlier  published  name,  but  without  character.  Gaissenm  verna,  Kaf.  Med. 
Kep.  hex.  2,  v.  351,  .&  in  DesV.  Jour.  Bot.  ii.  168  (1809).  —  Bogs,  New  Hampshire  to  Michigan 
and  south  to  Delaware,  also  Rocky  Mountains  from  Brit.  America  to  Colorado  and  Utah, 
and  to  the  Cascades  in  Brit.  Columbia. 

12.  ISOP^RUM,  L.  QIa-oTTvpov,  ancient  name  of  a  Fumnria,  transferred 
to  the  present  genus.)  —  Low  perennials  (or  a  foreign  one  annual),  of  the 
northern  temperate  zone,  glabrous,  mostly  white-flowered,  with  ternately  com- 
pound leaves ;  the  primary  divisions  long-petiolulate  in  the  way  of  Thalictrum  : 
ours  (§  Enemion)  apetalous  and  with  white  filaments  clavellate  ;  fl.  spring -and 
early  summer.  —  Gen.  ed.  2,  no.  533  ;  DC.  Syst.  i.  323;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen. 
i.  8;  Maxim.  Diag.  PL  Asiat.  v.  623.  Enemion,  Raf.  Jour.  Phys.  xci.  70, 
apetalous  species. 

*  Flowers  scattered,  solitary  and  terminal  or  opposite  the  leaves:   stems  slcuder,  a  span  to 
a  foot  high  ;    mostly  with  filiform  rootstocks. 

I.  biternatum,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Root  of  copious  slender  fibres,  some  here  and  there 
moniliform-thickened :  leaflets  cuneate-obovate  or  roundish,  commonly  3-lobed :  carpels 
3  to  6,  commonly  4,  sessile,  about  3-ovuled  and  2-3-seeded,  ovate,  divaricate  at  maturity, 
subulate-pointed  with  long  persistent  style ;  seeds  smooth,  with  prominent  rhaphe. — Fl.  i. 
660 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  36,  t.  12.  I,  thalldroides  (which  it  much  resembles),  Short,  Cat.  PI. 
Kentucky,  8;  Hook.  Jour.  Bot.  i.  187.  Enemion  hiternalum,  Raf.  1.  c;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. 
29.  — Shady  and  moist  grounds,  Ohio^  to  Wisconsin  and  south  to  Texas. 

I.  OCCidentale,  Hook.  &  Arn.  Root  of  thickened  fascicled  fibres:  leaflets  cuneate,  2-3- 
lobed  :    follicles  5  to  7,  elongated-oblong,  .sessile,  barely  spreading,  mucronate  with  short 

1  Vars.  rntHtidifoUn  k  HowelUi,  Hnth,  1.  c.  68,  appear  to  have  only  foiin.il  value. 

2  f  nii^.t.-.i  .,r  i,n>i.lon,  Ontario,  Deaitiess,  ace  to  .1.  M.  Maeonn,  Bot.  (k\?..  xvi.  2So. 


Coptis.  RANUNCULACE.E.  41 

style,  thinnish,  transversely  veiny,  S-O-seeded  :  seeds  j^ranulate.  —  Bot.  lU-ech.  .116;  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  660;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  9;  Maxim.  1.  r.  641.  — Shaded  j^round, 
from  near  San  Francisco  to  riumas  Co.,i  first  coll.  by  iJouijlan.  ScpaLs  Hometiinejj  |iurple, 
or  roscato.- 

I.  Stipitatum,  Gk.vy.  Root  of  the  preceding:  slender  stems  only  a  span  liij,'h  :  peduncles 
not  surpassing  the  leaves:  leaflets  or  divi.sions  ohlong-lincar  or  cuueate-lanceolate  :  sUnicnH 
about  10:  follicles  8  to  10,  elongated-oblong,  apiculate  witii  short  style,  hardly  veiny, 
abruptly  short-stipitato,  3-4-seeded.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  1)4;  Wats.  B<.t.  Calif.' ii.  427. 
/.  Clarkci,  Kellogg,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  vii.  l.'il.  — N.  California,  Siskiyou  and  Mendocino 
Co.,   Grcuie^  J.  11.   Clarke. 

*   *    Klowera  uniliellate-cymose:  stems  stonter,  a  foot  or  two  high. 

I.  Hallii,  Okay.  Leaflets  or  divisions  an  inch  or  two  long,  obovate-cuneate,  acutely  incised  : 
stamens  very  numerous,  fully  as  long  as  tiie  obovate  sepals,  as  broad  as  tlie  roundish  antlicr : 
follicles  3-5,  turgid-ovate,  subulate  witli  sliort  style,  spreading  at  maturity,  a-ts'-cdcd : 
seeils  ruguluse.  —  Proc  Am.  Acad.  vfii.  374;  Maxim.  1.  c.  ij40.  —  Valley  of  the  Columbia, 
Oregon,  E.  Hall,  Branrlcgce. 

13.  COPTIS,  Salisb.  GoLD-TiiUEAD.  (KoTTTw,  to  cut,  from  tin.'  rtu  foli- 
age.) —  Low  and  glabrous  perennials  (of  tlie  cooler  parts  of  the  northern  homi- 
sphere),  acaitlescent :  with  creeping  mostly  filiform  and  yellow  bitter  rootstocks, 
long-petioled  ternately  compound  leaves,  lasting  over  winter ;  and  naked  one- 
few-flowered  scapes;  the  sepals  white  or  greenish  ;  seed-coat  smooth  and  .shining; 
fl.  spring.  —  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  30.5;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  37,  t.  13.*  Chi'i/za, 
Raf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  352,  &  in  Desv.  Jour.  Bot.  ii.  170  (1809). 

§  1.  Chryza,  or  True  Coptis.  Sepals  oval :  petals  shorter  than  the  stamens, 
clavate,  with  enlarged  and  thickened  hollowed  and  nectariferous  summit :  leaf- 
lots  3,  Tfirely  5,  siibsps«i1p  .inrJ  midivided:    scape   1-flowercd.  —  Gray,  I.e.  38. 

C.  trifolia,  Salisb.  1.  c.  (Goltj-turead.)  A  .span  high:  rootstocks  very  long  and  filiform, 
deep  yellow:  leaflets  3,  rounded  obovate  witli  mostly  cuneate  base,  obscurely  S-lolicd  and 
consj)icuously  crenate-dentate,  teeth  mucronate :  sepals  white  with  yellowish  ba.se,  84»on 
deciduous:  follicles  ovate-oblong,  longer  than  the  style,  equalled  by  the  stipe;  seeds  Idjuk. 
—  Fl.  Dan.  t  1.519;  Lodd.  Bot  Cab.  t.  173;  Bigel.  Med.  Bot.  i.  60,"  t  .5;  Kaf.  Med.  Bot  i. 
t  27;  Gray,l.  c.  38,  t  13;  Lloyd  Bros.  Am.  Drugs  &  Med.  i.  188,  t  13.  Il> II, bonis  trifoliuit, 
L.  Spec.  i.  558.  C/iri/za  boivalis,  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  352.''  —  Bogs  ami  low  woods,  New- 
foundland and  Labrador  to  mountains  of  Maryland,  Iowa,  and  Minnesota,  northwest  through 
Brit  America  to  Alaska,  and  north  to  the  Arctic  Circle.  (Greenland,  En.,  N.  Asia  to 
Kamtsch.  &  .Japan.) 

§  2.  CnRYSOCOPTis.  _  Sepals  linear  or  ligulate  and  attenuate,  greenish  or 
yellowish  white  :  petals  filiform  or  ligulate  beyond  the  nectariferous  portion  : 
scape  2-3-flowered. —  Gray,  1.  c.  38.  Chnjsocoptis  §  PterophyUnm,  Nutt. 
Jour.  Acad.  Phihvd.  vii.  9,  t.  1. 

C.  OCCidentalis,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Leaves  simply  trifoliolate :  leaflets  long-petiolulate.  of 
roun<lisli  outline  (2  or  3  inches  long  at  maturity),  3-lobed  about  to  the  middle;  lol»es  obtn.se. 
slightly  3-lobed  or  incised  and  obtusely  dentate :  petals  shorter  than  sopals,  and  ap]>arently 
subulate  from  a  subsessile  ovate  and  concave  base  (but  not  sufficiently  known) :  mature  car 
pels  longer  than  the  stipe;  seeds  oblong.  —  Fl.  i.  28;  Hook,  Lond.  .lour.  Bot  vi.  f'7.  Chn/so- 
coptis  occidf'Tifah's,  Nutt  1.  c.  8,  with  poor  figure  of  flowers,  these  and  scape  undeveloj)ed.  the 
latter  at  length  a»  long  ivs  petioles.  —  Mountain  woods,  Idaho,  Wyt^th,  Gr>irr,  f.ynll,  Wntton. 

1  Fresno  Co.,  Calif.,  A.  A.  Entnn;  and  reported  from  Tulare  Co.,  by  T.  S.  Bmndepee,  Zoo,  iv.  19vS. 

2  Tlie  formal  variety  coloratum,  Greene,  Erytheji,  i.  125,  collectcl  in  tlie  Santa  Cruz  MounUins, 
Cash  man. 

3  Recent  literature:  E.  ITutli  in  Enjjl.  .J.iiirb.  xvi.  299-305. 

4  Add  .svii.  hop,,,inn  trir„i;,nn,  Hiiitoi..  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  .vviii.  265. 


42  RANUNCULACE.E.  Coptis. 

C-  laciniata,  Gray.  Leaves  trifoliolate ;  terminal  leaflet  very  long-  lateral  comparatively 
short-petiolulate;  all  ovate  in  outline,  nearly  3-partcd,  and  divisions  3-7-cleft  or  incised  and 
dentate,  mostly  acute:  sepals  linear-attenuate  (barely  half  line  wide  at  b;>^e,  4  or  5  lines 
long :  petals  nearly  of  the  following  species  :  mature  carpels  longer  than  stipe ;  seeds  oval. 
—  Bot.  Gaz.  xii.  297.  C.  uspleiii/olui,  Gray,  Froc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  375  (coll.  Hall);  Wats. 
Bot.  Calif,  ii.  427;  Lloyd  Bros.  1.  c.  i.  196,  f.  51-53.1  — Woods  of  Oregon,  Hall,  Ctisick, 
Henderson,  and  of  N.W.  California,  G.  R.  Vasey,  Rattan. 

C-  aspleniifolia,  Salisb.  Leaves  pinnately  5-foliolate ;  leaflets  aU  rather  long-petiolulate, 
mostly  ovati'-tihlnng  in  outline  and  ])iunately  5-parted  or  divid(!fl ;  lowest  pair  of  pinuiE  com- 
monly pctlohilate  and  upper  coutlueut,  all  3-5-cleft  and  incised  (about  half  inch  long) : 
sepals  and  petals  filiform-attenuate,  nearly  equal ;  the  latter  with  a  thickened  concave  nec- 
tary much  below  tlie  mi(hlle :  mature  carpels  shorter  than  the  stipe. — Trans.  Linn.  Soc. 
viii.  306;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  391  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  23,  t.  11.  Chrjjsoroptis  (Pterophijlhm) 
asjileni folia,  Xutt.  1.  c.  9. —  Woods,  Brit.  Colunil)ia  and  Alaska;  first  coll.  by  Menzies. 

Var.*  biternata,  F-  IIuth.  Leaflets  temate;  lateral  divisions  sessile  by  a  broad 
base;  the  terminal  petiolulate.  —  lluth  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xvi.  304.  —  Ala.ska,  Sitka,  A>«H5e 
Bros.     A  varietj'  uot  seen ;  description  translated  from  the  original. 

13  a.  Eranthis  hyemalis,  Salisb.  {Hellehorus  hyemalis,  L.),  the  Winter 
Aconite  of  Europe,  a  very  dwarf  perGunial,  has  been  found  growing  spon- 
t.i'.icously  near   Philadelphia,   a  relict  of  former  cultivation;   fl.  earliest  spring. 

13  b.  Helleborvs  viridis,  L.,  Green  Hellebore  of  Europe,  has  in 
former  years  been  found  wild  near  Brooklyn  and  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  but  is 
probably  now  extinct.  More  recently  it  has  been  sent  from  W.  Virginia.  It  is  a 
low  species,  with  palmately  parted  leaves  having  lanceolate  very  sharply  serrate 
divisions,  and  green  sepals. 

II.  FcETiDcs,  L.,  the  Fetid  Hellebore  of  Europe,  taller,  and  green-flowered,  is  in  Muhl. 
Cat.,  as  at  Philadelphia,  but  only  as  of  gardens. 

H.  nIger,  L.,  the  Christmas  Rose,  or  Black  Hellebore  of  Europe,  —  low,  with  ever- 
green and  shining  coriaceous  pedate  leaves  and  large  white  flower  produced  on  a  short  scape  in 
earliest  spring,  the  sepals  enlarging  and  turning  green  in  age,  —  has  been  said  to  grow  wild  in 
the  State  of  New  York,  but  it  is  not  quite  hardy,  and  can  only  temporarily  occur. 

14.  AQ,UIL!fiGIA,  Tourn.  Columbine.  {Aquilegiis,  water-drawer. 
The  derivation  from  aquilq,  eagle,  is  an  invention.)  —  Perennial  herbs  (of  the 
northern  hemisphere),  commonly  glaucous ;  mostly  with  panicul  ite  branches  ter- 
minated by  showy  flowers,  and  1-3-ternately  compound  leaves ;  the  leaflets 
roundish  and  obtusely  lobed;  flowering  usually  in  spring  or  early  summer. — 
Inst.  428,  t.  242  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  450.'^  —  In  cultivation  the  most  diverse  species 
hybridize  directly.  Thus  the  plant  figured  as  A.  formosa,  in  Hook.  f.  Bot. 
Mag.  t.  6552,  is  a  hybrid  of  a  red-flowered  species,  probably  A.  tnincata,  with 
A.  chrysantha. 

*  Old  World  type,  with  hooked  or  curved  spurs ;  these  ascending,  the  flower  being  pendulous 
in  anthesis  (position  in  A.  ecalcarata,  uncertain). 

-»—  More  or  less  leafy-stemmed,  1 -several-flowered. 
A.  vrLoARis,  L.     (European  Columbine.)     Flowers  from  blue  or  purple  to  white,  pretty 
large :   lamina  of  the  petals  as  long  as  the  spur,  shorter  than  the  acute  sepals ;   styles  as 
long  as  the  ovary.  —  Spec.  i.  533.  —  Escaped  from  cultivation   (where  often  and  variously 
double-flowered)  and  established  in  some  places,  notably  in  Nova  Scotia.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

1  Add  syn.  C.  occidentnlis,  var.  Howellii,  Huth,  1.  c.  30.3. 

'^  Recent  literature  :  M.  E.  Jones,  Rev.  Am.  Spec.  Aquilegia,  Zoe,  iv.  254-260. 


Aquilegia.  RANCNCULACEiE.  43 

A.*  brevistyla,  llook.i  A  foot  or  morf  V\]s}\,  i)ul)Cscont  an<l  somewhat  fjlainlnlar  i)iil><-!><«iit 
aliuve:  flower  small:  lamina  of  yellowish  jM-tal.s  litllu  shorter  than  the  (h;ilf  in.li)  f.l.tnx- 
sepals  and  longer  tlian  the  blue  spur:  styles  (2  lines  long)  nitii-h  shorter  than  tin-  furming 
pubescerit-fullieles.  —  Fl.  Uor.-Aiii.  i.  2-t;  Torr.  &  Gray,  V\.  i.  30.  .1.  vulijaris,  Uieharda. 
in  Fraukl.  1st  Jour.  cd.  1,  App.  740  (reprint,  p.  12).  —  Uocky  MountaiiiH  of  Brit.  Anieriea, 
Bourgeau,  Mucoiin,  northward  to  Bear  Lake,  where  first  colleeted  hy  /Jr.  /iirhiirdium,  and 
southward  accordiug  to  Kydherg  to  the  Black  Ilill.s  of  S.  Dakota,  L.  Amlerxon. 

A.*  saximontana,  P.  A.  Kydherg.  Much  lower,  scareely  a  span  high:  stoniH  Hlcndor, 
several  froiTi  a  scaly  rootstock,  quite  glabrous:  leaves  smnll,  twi<-<.  t'-riiati  ,  ,  v.  :i  t!je  upper 
slinder-petioled,  smooth  :  flowers  niueh  as  in  the  jirceeding,  but  carpels  glabrous.  —  Kydlurg 
iu  ms.  A.  vulgaris,  var.  brevistyla.  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  x.\.\iii.  242  ;  Porter  &, 
Coulter,  Fl.  Col. 4.  A.  brevistyla,  Coulter,  Man.  Rocky  Mt.  Keg.  10;  Jones,  Zee,  iv.  258.— 
Kocky  Mountains  of  Colorado,  first  collected  by  Parry. 

A.  flavescens,  Watson.  A  foot  or  two  high,  branching  freely  :  flower  lemon-yellow,  green- 
ish yellow,  or  ochroleucous,  the  sepals  sometimes  scarlet-tinted  outside :  lamina  of  the  peUils 
obovate,  shorter  than  the  oblong  or  ovate  acute  sepals,  ecpialling  or  siiort<'r  than  the  spur: 
styles  3  to  6  lines  long,  much  longer  than  the  pubescent  ovary,  half  the  length  of  the  full- 
grown  follicle.  —  Bot.  King  Exp.  10;  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  .ser.  3,  iii.  149;  Baker,  Card. 
Chron.  1878,  pt.  2,  20.  A.  Canadensis,  var.  hyhrida,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  24.  .1.  Cana- 
densis, var.  aurea,  Hegel,  Gartenfl.  xxi.  t.  734.  A.  carnha,  var.  Jhivescens,  I^iwson,  Hcv. 
Canad.  Kanunc.  76.  —  Moist  ground  and  along  streams,  in  the  mountains.  Pembina  to  Brit. 
Columbia,  and  south  to  Oregon  and  Utah.^ 

A.*  micrantha,  A.  Eastwood.  Sleudcr,  perennial  (?).  densely  glandular-jiubescent  and 
viscid  above:  leaflets  small,  cuneate,  3-cleft,  with  2-3-lobed  segments;  jx-tiolules  of  the 
lateral  leaflets  short:  flowers  about  10  lines  in  diameter,  ochroleucous:  sepals  ;"}  lines  long, 
2  lines  broad:  petals  truncate  or  nearly  so,  with  a  short  straight  or  curved  spur.  —  Proc. 
Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  iv.  559,  t.  19.  —  Abundant  in  canons  of  the  San  Juan  Kiver,  S.  E. 
Utah,  A.  Wetherill.  Description  here  condensed  from  the  original  characterization.  A  very 
similar  if  not  identical  plant  was  collected  in  imperfect  specimens  in  Southern  Utah  by 
Sikr  in  1883. 

A*  ecalcarata,  A.  Eastwood.  A  slender  branched  perennial,  U  to  2  feet  high  with 
foliage  and  habit  nearly  as  in  the  preceding:  root  long,  woody:  stem«  several,  sparinglv 
glandular-puberulent  above:  leaflets  obovate,  cuneate,  cleft  as  in  the  last;  the  laieral  jis 
well  as  the  terminal  on  slender  more  or  less  elongated  petiolules:  flowers  white  or  roseate, 
fragrant :  petals  and  sepals  subsiiniiar,  6  to  8  lines  long ;  the  ft)rmer  merely  s:ucate  at  base : 
styles  rather  long.  — Zoe,  ii.  226,  iv.  3,  &  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  iv.  560,  t.  18;  Jones, 
Zoe,  iv.  259.  —  Shaded  clilTs,  S.  W.  Colorado,  A.  Wetherill,  Miss  Eastwood.  As  yet  too 
little  known  and  appearing  rather  near  the  preceding,  of  which  it  may  well  prove  a  nearly 
spurless  form. 

-t—  •*--  Scape  naked,  one-flowered. 

A.  Jondsii,  Fakuy,  Densely  crespitose,  soft-pubescent:  tufted  Kulical  leaves  an  inch  or  two 
high  ;  leaflets  only  2  or  3  lines  long,  much  congested,  the  parti.al  petioles  very  short :  .scaj>e 
little  surpassing  the  leaves  (2  or  3  inches  long  in  fruit)  :  flower  blue  :  lamina  of  petjils  half 
the  length  of  the  oblong  obtuse  sepals  and  of  its  own  spur:  follicles  proportionally  large 
(almost  an  inch  long),  twice  the  length  of  their  styles.  —  Am.  Nat.  viii.  211  ;  Coulter,  Man. 
Rocky  Mt.  Reg.  10. — N.W.  Wyoming,  alpine  region.  Mount  l^hlox,  Parry;  Maria  Pa.ss  in 
Montana,  at  8,200  feet,  Canbyfi 

*  *   American  type,  with  spnr  straight,  or  the  callous  knob  at  tip  merely  obliiiue. 

1  The  description  of  this  .species  has  been  modified  to  exclude  the  followinp.  wliich  .i]>iioiira  wholly 
distinct. 

2  The  alpine  smaller-flowered  form  mentioned  by  Dr.  Watson  (Bot.  Kinp  Exp.  10)  is  n>fjnrdf.l  as 
distinct  by  Prof.  M.  E.  Jones.  It  appears  to  iijjproach  the  following  species  ton  closely  to  1k!  charac- 
terized as  a  separate  species  without  more  copious  uinterial  of  both. 

8  Since  collected  on  suhalpine  limestones,  E.  Bowlder  Hiver,  Park  Co.,  Montana,  Tieefdy :  see 
Rose,  Bot.  Gaz.  xv.  63. 


44  RANUNCULACEJS.  Ar/ullegia. 

-*-  Flower  pendulous  in  anthesis,  the  spurs  therefore  erect  or  ascending,  and  not  over  an 
inch  in  lenj^th.  Four  species  distinct  in  nature  and  habitat,  viz.  A.  SIcinnen  of  Mexico 
and  th(>  following. 
A.  Canadensis,  I-^-  Erect,  early  flowering,  usually  a  foot  high:  flower  red  with  some 
vellow,  rarely  all  yellow :  spurs  3  or  4  times  the  length  of  their  roundish  yellow  lamina, 
and  this  not  much  shorter  than  the  barely  spreading  sepals.  —  Spec.  i.  533 ;  Curtis,  Bot. 
Mag.  t.  246;  Schk.  Handb.  t.  146;  Bart.  Fl.  N.  A.  i.  130,  t.  36;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  888; 
Gra>',  Gen.  HI.  i.  40,  t.  14;  Sprague  &  Goodale,  Wild  Flowers,  i.  t.  1.  A.  rariegata, 
Moen'ch,  Meth.  311.  A.  elcgans,  Salisb.  Prodr.  374.  A.  favijiora,  Tcnney,  Am.  Nat.  i. 
388,  the  yellow-flowered  variation.i  —  On  rocks,  &c.,  Canada,,  from  lat.  56°  to  Manitoba, 
south  to  Florida  and  to  New  Mexico,  probably  not  west  of  the  Kocky  Mountain  district; 
fl.  spring  and  early  summer. 
A.  formosa,  Fischer.  More  spreading  :  flower  carmine-red  or  scarlet :  spurs  little  or  not 
at  all  longer  than  the  widely  spreading  sepals  and  only  al)out  twice  the  length  of  their 
roundish  and  truncate  yellow  lamina.  —  Fischer  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  .50;  Torr.  .&  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
.30;  Planch.  Fl.  Serres,  viii.  125,  t.  795  (not  Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  6552);  Lawson,  Rev. 
Ca'nad.  Kauunc.  75.  A.  Canadensis,  Bong.  Veg.  Sitch.  124 ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  24,  in 
part.  A.  arctica.  Loud.  Hort.  Brit.  610,  &c.  .1.  Canadensis,  var.  formosa,  Wats.  Bot.  King 
Exp.  10,  &c.  —  Ala.ska  and  Brit.  Columbia  to  N.  California,  mountains  of  Nevada  and  S.  W' . 
Utah,  extending  northeastward  only  to  Idaho. 
A.  truncata,  Fisch.  &  Meter.  With  lax  spreading  branches,  rather  late-flowering  : 
'flower  deep  red  or  scarlet :  spurs  little  longer  than  the  widely  spreading  or  reflexed  sepals, 
truncate  at  the  yellow-margined  orifice,  the  lamina  being  obsolete  or  very  short.  —  Ind. 
Sem.  Hort.  Petrop.  ix.  1843,  Suppl.  8  ;  C.  A.  Meyer,  Sert.  Petrop.  fol.  &  t.  11  ;  Brew.  &  Wats. 
Bot.  Calif,  i.  10.  A.  Canadensis,  Benth.  Vl.  Jlartw.  296.  A.  Californica,  Lindl.  Gard. 
Chron.  1854,  836,  &  1857,  382;  Grav,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  328.  A.  eximia,  Planch.  Fl. 
Serres,  xii.  13,  t.  1188;  Morren,  Belg.  Hort.  vii.  t.  52.^  — Common  throughout  California, 
probably  in  adjacent  Nevada;  fl.  summer. 

^_  ^_  Flower  (never  red)  erect  or  soon  becoming  so,  the  long  attenuate  spurs  dependent 

or  at  first  horizontal :    lamina  of  the  petals  somewhat  ample,  obovatc  or  spatnlate  and 

spreading. 

A  C^rulea,  James.    A  foot  or  two  high,  rather  early  flowering:   sepals  ovate,  an  inch  to 

inch  and  a  half  long,  blue,  as  also  the  spurs  of  M  to  2  inches  :  lamina  of  the  petals  white.— 

James  in  Long  Exped.  ii.  15 ;  Torr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  164 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  30 ;  Hook. 

Bot  Mao'.  t  5477.  —  Along  streamlets,  lower  alpine  region  and  below.  Rocky  Mountains,  from 

Montana  to  borders  of  New  Mexico;   first  coll.  by  James.     Apparently  a  smaller-flowered 

form  in  S.  Utah.     Varies  to  paler,  but  westward  seems  always  to  be  of  the 

Var.  albiflora,  Gk.vy,  n.  var.  Whole  flower  white  with  merely  bluish  or  purple  tinge. 
—  A.le'ptocera,  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Fhilad.  vii.  9 ;  A.  le/itoceras,  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4407. 
A.  macrantha.  Hook.  &  Am.  Bot.  Beech,  t.  72,  in  letter-press  (317)  ^1.  cm-ulea.  A.  ramlea, 
Wats  Bot  King  Exp.  10.  A.  carulea,  var.  ochrolewa.  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  under  t.  5477.— 
W^asatch  and  Uinta  Mountains,  Utah,  to  the  eastern  border  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  California, 
north  to  Idaho  and  perhaps  to  Montana. 
A  Chrysantha,  Gr.vy.  Taller,  more  glaucous  and  floribnnd,  summer-flowering:  flower 
yellow  •  sepals  lanceolate-oblong,  little  longer  and  not  broader  than  the  lamina  of  the 
petals:  spurs  2. ^  or  3  inches  long,  dilated  at  and  near  the  orifice.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vui. 
621 ;  Masters,  Gard.  Chron.  1873,  f.  304  ;  Meehan,  Native  Flowers,  i.  t.  7,  poor.  A.  leptocera, 
var.  Jiava,  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  9,  &  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  30.  .1.  leptocera,  var  c/m/sa„tha, 
Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  6073.— Wet  places  in  ravines  of  moderate  elevation.  New  Mexico, 
Arizona,  and  S.  Colorado;  first  coll.  by  Wright. 

1  A.  Canadensis,  var.  flaviflora,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xv.  97.  Another  form  with  salmon- 
colored  flowers  and  pale  leaves,  the  var.  Phipf^n'II,  J.  Robinson,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xv.  166,  has  been 
found  in  the  neighborhood  of  Salem,  Mass.  ^,    .  •  .         j-  + 

2  Add  syn.  A.  formosa,  var.  truncata,  M.  E.  Jones,  1.  c.  259.  Prof.  Jones  states  that  mtermediate 
form-;  "  sepin  to  ociur"  between  A.  truncata  and  A.Jormosa. 


Delphinium.  UANUNCULACK.E.  45 

A.*  pubescens,  Coville.  a  ueaily  related  plant  with  very  (w>aly  candex :  flowirs 
suli)Iiur-yt'llow,  raroly  with  jiiuk  tinge:  spurs  sliorler,  14  t.^  20  lines  Ljug;  the  short  ronn-led 
blades  of  the  petals  scarcely  over  a  third  the  lenjjth  of  lancc-ohloiig  sepals.  —  Coutrili.  1'.  S. 
Nat  Herb.  iv.  56,  t.  1.—  High  siernus  of  'lularo  Co.,  Calif.,  near  Mineral  King.  10.5(K)  feet, 
in  granite  sand,./.  W.  A.  Wrnflil,  27  .July,  1880;  and  on  mountain  si.lo  north  .^f  White 
Chief  Mine,  F.  V.  CuvHlc,  6  August,  1891.  Kegardcd  by  Dr.  ilrdv  as  a  dubioua  form  of 
tlie  preceding. 

A.  longissima,  Ukav.  I'uberulent  or  glabrous,  jiutumn-flowering :  flowers  jiale  yellow: 
sepals  huiccidate,  litilo  surpassing  the  narrowly  spalulate  jxitals  :  filiform  spurs  4  to  6  inches 
h)ng,  harilly  enlarging  up  to  the  narrow  orilice.  —  Gray  in  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii. 
.•517,  &  Hot.  Gaz.  viii.  2<J5 ;  Wats.  Card.  &  For.  i.  31,  f.  6.— Kaviues  of  ChisoH  MouiiUius 
S.  W.  Texas,  Ilavurd.     (Adj.  Mex.,  Palmer.) 

15.  DELPHINIUM,  Tourn.  Lauksi-uu.  {Ddphiuus,  dolphin,  from 
the  shape  of  the  Ho  war.)  —  Aii'iual  or  pereiiuial  herbs  (of  northern  temperate 
regions) ;  with  palmately  cleft  oi  divided  leaves,  and  racemose  or  pauiculatr- 
liowers,  commonly  showy.  —  Inst.  42G,  t.  241  ;  L,  Gen.  no.  44'J  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111. 
i.  41,  t.  If).^ 

§  1.  CoNSOLiDA,  DC.  Carpel  and  foUicle  only  one :  petals  (in  ours  only  2) 
united  into  one  body :  Old  World  annuals,  or  rarely  more  enduring,  low ;  with 
leaves  dissected  into  narrow  linear  or  filiform  divisions  :  flowers  blue  or  violet, 
varying  to  purple  and  white.  —  Syst.  i.  341. 

D.  Coss6lii)A,  L.  Loosely  paniculate  in  inflorescence :  slender  spur  horizontal :  follicle  gla- 
brous :  seeds  with  interrupted  transverse  ridges.  — Spec.  i.  530;  Reicheub.  Ic.  V\.  Germ.  iv. 
t.  66.  —Old  grain-fields,  &c.,rare,  Virginia,  &c.  (Nat.  from  Eu.) 
D.  A.jAcis,  L.  Flowers  more  numerous  and  si)icatcly  racemose:  follicle  jjubo.sceut;  seeds 
with  rugosely  broken  ridges.  — Spec.  i.  531  ;  Keichcub.  1.  c.  t.  67.  — Escaped  from  gardens 
in  Canada  and  Atlantic  and  i\Iiddle  States,  in  certain  places.  D.  on'entali-,  Gay,  a  common 
garden  Larkspur  with  more  shovy  (violet-colored)  flowers  in  a  denser  raceme,  is  thought  to 
be  the  original  D.  Ajacis,  L. ;  according  to  Lawsou,  Rev.  Canad.  Rauunc.  80,  it  has  been 
collected  in  the  far  interior  of  Canada,  probably  from  a  cultivated  plant      (Nat.  from  Kii.) 

§  2.  Dkhmiinastkum,  DC.  1.  c.  351.  Carpels  3  to  5  :  flowers  never  scarlet  or 
orange :  petals  4,  distinct ;  upper  pair  usually  glabrous,  extending  backward  into 
spurs  ;  lateral  ones  unguiculate,  more  or  less  hairy  on  the  face,  in  ours  emarginate 
or  2-lobed  at  apex:  follicles  in  ours  almost  always  3:  perennials.  In  several 
species,  such  as  D.tricorne,  the  caulicle  does  not  lengthen  in  germination,  but  the 
connate  petioles  of  the  cotyledons  do  so,  and  the  plumule  comes  out  from  the 
base  of  the  false  stemlet  which  is  thus  formed. 

*  Seeds  with  a  clo-^e  smooth  coat,  dark-colored :   stoni  few-leaved,  from  a  fascicu'i.ite-tubcr- 
ous  root :  Atlantic  species. 

D.tricorne,  Micux.  Low,  succulent :  leaves  deeply  .and  somewhat  pedately  ."vpartcd  and 
divisions  cleft  and  laciuiate  into  a  few  narrow  hjbes  .  raceme  loose,  few-many -flowered  : 
flowers  bright  blue,  or  variegated  with  white  (not  rarely  white) :  spur  .isceuding,  half  or 
three  fourths  inch  long :  follicles  3,  half  inch  to  inch  long,  strongly  diverging  at  maturitv.  — 
¥\.  i.  314  (excl.  habitat  "highest  mountains  of  Carolina  ") ;  Lodd.  Hot.  Cab.  t.  .'106 ;  I)eles.H. 
Ic.  Sel.  i  t.  59;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  .il  ;  Oay,  Gen.  111.  i.  41,  t.  15;  Lindl.  Veg.  Kingd. 
426,  f.  297.  DelphiiUuvi  flejcunmm,  Raf.  Ann.  Nat.  i.  12.  —  .Moist  fertile  stiil,  reiinsylvaiiia  to 
Minnesota,  south  to  Virginia,  W.  Georgia,  and  Arkansas;  fl.  spring. 

1  Recent  important  liter.ature:  Gray,  liot.  Gaz.  xii.  49-54;  Hutli,  Delphinium- Arten  N.  A.,  Bull. 
Herb.  Boiss.  i.  327-336,  &  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xx.  322-49^. 


46  RAISUNCULACE^.  Delphinium. 

*  *   Seeds  with  a  cellular  more  or  less  loose  and  rngiilose  coat :  stem  scapiform,  with  only 
a  cluster  of  radical  and  thickish  or  succuleut  leaves,  from  thickish  branching  roots,  merely 

puberulcut  or  glabrate,  blue-flowered. 
D   scaposum,  Gkeene.    Leaves  of  rouuded  or  reniform  outline  and  mostly  oblong  or  sub 
cuneate  divisio'ns  and  lobes :  scape  a  foot  or  two  high ;  raceme  scveral-mauy-flowered :  sepals 
oblong,  fully  half  inch  long  and  shorter  than  the  more  or  less  curved  spur :  follicles  oval, 
erect"  immature  seeds  with  rugose  and  rugulose  arilliform  coat.  — Bot.  Gaz.  vi.  156.1  — 
Dry  region  of  S.  W.  Utah,  Palmer,  and  Arizona,  Newberry,  Palmer,  Greene,  Pringle,  Rusby, 
Lemmon.^    In  Arizona  is  found  iu  company  with  U.  azureum. 
D.*  uliginosum,  Clkran.    Leaves  so  far  as  known  all  cuueate  and  3-cleft,  with  lobes  entire 
or  l-.3-touthi<l :   scape  commonly  branching;   racemes  few(6-18)-flowcrcd  :   .sev,:ils  oval,  a 
third  to  hiilf  inch  long,  about  equalling  the  straight  sjmr :    follicles  turgid-oblong,  erect, 
nearly  half  inch  long;    seeds  with  coat  loose  only  at  the  angles,  minutely  rugulosc  nud 
muriculate.3  — BuU.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  15 1.'*  — Lake  Co.,  California,  "in  swampy  ground, 
almost  in  the  water,"  July,  1884,  Mrs.  Curran. 
^  ^  ^  Seeds  with  a  loose  cellular  coat,  which  becomes  transversely  rngose-squamellate  : 

root  branching  or  fasciculate  and  elongated,  thickish,  but  not  tuberous :   stem  leafy,  or 

when  depauperate  rarely  subscapose :  flowers  from  blue  to  white. 
D.  aziireum  Michx.  Stem  a  foot  or  two  high,  mostly  strict  and  simple,  puberulent: 
'loa\  es  .3-5-parte(l  and  divisions  mostly  again  3-5-parted  or  cleft  usually  into  linear  lobes : 
raceme  sj)iciform,  usually  many-flowered :  flowers  azure-blue  or  paler  and  often  white, 
sometimes  greenish  white:  sepals  often  with  a  brownish  spot:  foUicles  oblong,  erect.  —  Fl. 
i.  314;  Deless.  Ic.  Sel.  i.  t.  60;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  32,  probably  not  LlndL  Bot.  Reg.  t. 
1999,  from  "California."  ?£>.  Caroliniannm,  Walt.  Cut.  155.  D.  vire.icens,  Nutt.  Gen.  ii. 
14;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.^  —  Sandy  or  stony  soil,  N.  Carolina  and  Illinois  to  Texas  and 
Arizona,  north  to  Saskatchewan  and  Wyoming;  fl.  early  summer.     (Adj.  Mex.) 

Var.'  vimineum,  Gray.  Broader-leaved,  looser-flowered :  stem  2  to  4  feet  high, 
sometiiiies  branched :  flowers  violet  to  whitish.  —  Bot.  Gaz.  xii.  52.  D.  vimineum,  Don  in 
Sweer,  Brit.  Fl.  Card.  ser.  2,  t.  374;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3593 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  D.  azu- 
reum, Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1999,  as  to  f.  2,  possibly  of  the  rest.  D.  virescens.  Gray,  PI. 
Lindh.  ii.  142.  —  Texas,  Berlandier,  Drummond,  Lindheimer,  Wright,  the  last  D.  simplex. 
Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  8. 
^  ^  ^  ^   Seeds  with  a  loose  cellular  coat,  either  arilliform  or  when  dry  merely  scarious- 

winged  or  margined  at  the  angles,  not  at  all  squamelliferous :  flowers  blue  or  violet-purple, 

often  partly  or  wholly  varying  to  white,  at  least  the  petals.    All  except  the  first  western 

species. 
4-  Roots  fasciculate  (or  rarely  simple)  at  base  of  stem,  more  or  less  elongated  and  thickish 

but  not  tuberiform,  or  approaching  it  only  in  the  last  species. 
++  Stem  strict,  tall  or  robust,  many-leaved :   racemes  many-flowered,  simple  or  paniculate  . 

pedicels  seldom  longer  than  flower  or  fruit,  ascending  or  erect :   follicles  hardly  if  at  all 

diverging,  not  over  half  inch  long  and  mostly  short-oblong. 
D.  exaltatum,  Ait.     Stem  3  to  7  feet  high  :  leaves  nearly  glabrous,  3-5-parted  or  almost 
so ;   the  divergent  divisions  cuneate  or  cuueate-lanceolate,  3-cleft  or  lateral  ones  2-cleft  into 
lanceolate  lobes:    raceme   elongated,  virgate,  at   base   commonly  panicled :   flowers  blue 

1  Add  syn.  D.  decorum,  var.  scaposum,  Huth,  Delph.-Art.  N.  A.  9. 

2  Also  reported  from  S.  Colorado,  by  Miss  Eastwood,  Zee,  ii.  227. 

3  De-icription  moditied  in  the  light  of  excellent  specimens  collected  near  the  type  locality  by  Jilr. 
J.  W.  Blankinship. 

4  Add  syn.  D.  decorum,  var.  uliginosum,  Huth,  1.  c. 

6  Add  syn.  D.  Penhardi,  Huth,  Helio.s,  x.  27,  Delph.-Art.  N.  A.  10,  &  Bull,  Herb.  Boiss.  i.  335, 
1. 16,  f.  2  (a  form  with  white  flowers  and  ascending  somewhat  curved  spurs);  also  D.  camporum, 
Greene,  Erj'thea,  ii.  183  (a  very  similar  form  with  spurs  erect).  As  striking  as  these  fomis  may  hv, 
they  do  not  ap])ear  (in  a  considerable  series  of  specimens)  to  be  distinguished  from  D.  azureum  by  any 
constant  cliaracter.  The  flowers  vary  through  all  shades  from  blue  to  white,  and  the  position  of  the 
spnr  both  in  the  pale  ])lne  and  white  flowered  forms  varies  from  horizontal  to  erect  through  every 
degree  of  obliquity.    D.  Geyeri,  Greene,  1.  c  189,  is  apparently  a  form  of  the  same  species. 


Delphinium.  KANUNCULAlE.I:.  47 

(varying  to  white),  small,  externally  as  also  the  iufluroscence  canescently  pnlKTuU-nt  — 
Kew.  ii.  244;  DC.  Syst.  i.  357  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  31,  excl.  nyn.  iu  part ;  Gray,  I'l.  Wright, 
ii.  9.  D.  Carolinianum,  Walt.  Car.  1.55.  D.  Iridacti/lum,  Miclix.  Fl.  i.  314.  {D.  urcitJaliim, 
.Jacq.  Ic.  Har.  t.  101,  &  .Siin.s,  Jiot.  Mag.  t.  1791,  of  unknown  sonne,  iw  probably  not  of  thii* 
,>ipo(  ics  ?)  —  r.oriKr  of  woods,  mountains  of  Alabama  and  Carolina  to  Ki-ntucky,  Ohio  and 
Minnesota;  II.  late  .■summer. 

D.  Californicum,  Tork.  &  Ckvy.  Stem  stout,  2  to  8  feet  high  :  leaves  of  rounded  and 
somewhat  reuiforni  outline;  lower  ample  (4  to  7  inches  in  diameter),  lieeply  cleft  into  broad 
cunoatc  and  laciniate  divisions ;  ujijicr  with  narrower  tiivisions  and  hmceolate  lolies  :  raceme 
dense,  flowers  sordid  whitish  witli  lingos  of  blue,  e.xteriially  villous  :  sepals  and  horizonl^il 
spur  each  about  four  lines  long.  —  Fl.  i.  31  ;  Benth.  I'l.  llartw.  '2'.iCy;  Hrew.  &  Wats.  But. 
Calif,  i.  11.  D.  exuluuum.  Hook.  &  Arn.  Hot.  Beech.  317,  not  Ait.^  —  Caiilurnia,  on  ilrv 
hills  from  Monterey  to  Mendocino  Co. ;  first  coll.  by  lJoU(/liis. 

D.  SCOpulorum,  Gray.  Glabrous  below  or  throughout :  stem  2  to  6  feet  (or  iti  sub::I|.ii.. 
forms  a  tV»ot)  liigli :  leaves  mostly  of  orbicular  outline  and  2  or  3  inches  in  diameter,  5-7-parl<3ii, 
the  lower  into  cuneate  and  upper  into  narrower  cleft  and  laciniate  divisions;  petioles  exct-jit 
lowest  hardly  dilated  at  base  :  bracts  and  bractlets  mainly  filiform  :  flowers  blue  or  pur]di.sh, 
rarely  white,  glabrous  or  cauescent-puberulent  outside :  sei)als  and  spur  each  about  half 
inch  long:  follicles  veiny. — Polymorphous  species  or  group,  analogue  of  the  eipially 
polymorphous  or  complex  D.  elatiim,  L.,  and  D.  hi/bitdiim,  Willd.,  of  the  old  World  (which 
have  seed-coat  transversely  rugulose  or  lamellose) ;  the  typical  or  fir.-^t  jiublished  form  a  foot 
to  a  yard  high,  with  upper  or  even  all  the  leaves  dissected  into  linear  or  lanceolate  segments 
and  lobes ;  inflorescence  often  panicled  below,  the  axis,  pedicels,  and  even  the  whole  nj)per 
part  of  the  stem  minutely  cinereous-puberulent,  varying  to  glabroius :  lower  petals  deeply 
notched,  and  with  the  whitish  upper  ones  little  shorter  than  the  oblong  sepals :  ovaries  and 
fidlides  commonly  miimtely  pubescent.  —  PI.  Wright,  ii.  9,  &  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii. 
242.  D.  exaltutiDii,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  25,  at  least  in  part.  D.  azureiim.  Gray,  PI.  Fen<ll. 
5,  as  to  no.  10."^  —  Moist  ground,  mountains  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  through  the  K(x-ky 
Mountains  and  those  of  Utah  and  Nevada  to  the  plains  of  the  Saskatchewan.  Piisses 
freely  into 

Var.  stach^deum,  Gray.  A  form  with  narrow  divisions  to  the  leaves,  strict  stem 
(3  to  7  feet  high)  cinercou.s-puberulent  throughout,  a.s  also  the  long  and  dense  spiciform 
raceme  and  the  outside  of  the  calyx.  —  Bot.  Gaz.  xii.  52.  —  Interior  of  Oregon  (foot  of  the 
Blue  Mountains,  &c.,  Cusick)  to  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  Pringlc,  &c. 

Var.  glaucuin,  Gray-,  1.  c.  Like  the  broader-leaved  forms,  sometimes  glaucous,  even 
the  pedicels  glabrous  or  only  obscurely  glandular-puberulent :  lower  petals  commonly  cleft 
to  the  middle:  ovaries  and  follicles  glabrous.  =^  Z>.  (ihucum,  Wats.  Bot  Calif,  ii.  427 
(D.  scopulorum,  Brew.  &  Wats.  ibid.  i.  11).='— Sierra  Nevada,  California,  at  alxmt  6,000 
feet,  Breicer,  Lemmnii ;  also  apparently  same  in  San  Bernardino  Mountains  at  10,000  feet, 
W.  G.  \Vri<jlU;  Yakima  Co.,  Wasliiugtou,  Brandcrjep ;  and  north  to  the  Yukon  Kiver, 
Kcnnlcott.  ^ 

Var.  SUbalpinum,  Gray,  l.  c.  A  foot  to  a  yard  or  more  high,  with  shorter  r.ioeme 
of  larger  and  deeper-colored  flowers:  inflorescence  and  commonly  whole  upper  part  of  the 
stem  ]mliesccnt  or  villous  with  sjjreading  slightly  viscid  liaii-s:  jietals  well  surpassed  by  the 
over  half  inch  long  acute  .sepals,  the  lower  moderately  notched  at  apex  ;  follicles  glabrous: 
leaves  with  mostly  broad  divisions  and  lolies.  —  D.  elatnm,  Gray,  Am.  J<mr.  Sci.,  ser.  2.  xxxiii. 
242,  not  L.,  &c.  D.  occidentale,  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  428.<  —  Mountains  of  Colorado  and  New 
Mexico,  at  9,000-1 1,000  feet,  first  coll.  by  Parri/.  The  analogtic  of  V.  alpiniiin,  W!Uds.&  Kit. 
By  less  pubescent  f(U-ms,  of  lower  elevation  and  ronipound  racemes  (D.  >  latum,  var.?  occi- 
dentale, Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  11),  of  Wasatch  M..unl;iitis,  Utah  to  Oregon,  Xeviits,  Cusick, 
Ilenderson,  connects  with  the  preceding  forms. 

1  Add  sjTi.  D.exahatnm,  var.  OiU/oinlruin,  Huth,  I>.  :|mi.    v  .  '' 

2  Atld  syn.  Z).  exnllnluvi,  v.'ir.  scopulorum,  Uuth,  1.  c.  12. 
8  Add  syn.  D.  exallalum,  var.  f/laurum,  Hutli,  1.  c.  11. 

4  n.  Barbeyi,  Iluth  (Bull.   Herb.  Boi.ss.  i.535,  D.  exalWnm.  x  .r.   /.ro..-/;.    uiiii,   w.ii  n.-Art. 
N.  A.  11)  is  one  of  several  forms  which  Dr.  Gray  included  iu  his  vur.  suh.itpinum. 


48  RANUNCULACEiE.  Delphinium. 

++  ++  Stems  lax  (either  low  or  tall),  bearing  a  loosely  flowered  raceme  of  comparatively 

large  and  not  very  mimerons  bright  violet  blue  (rarely  purple)  flowers :  ])edicels  sjireading 

or  ascending,  mostly  decidotlly  longer  than  the  fruit:   follicles  when  well  formed  elou- 

gated-cyliudraceous  and  two  thirds  to  nearly  a  full  inch  long,  often  jiartly  divergent  at 

maturity  :  herbage  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

D.   trolliifolium,    Gray.     Stems  often  reclining,  2  to  6  feet  high,  rather  leafy :  leaves 

thinnish,  orbicular  or  reniform  in  outline  (larger  ones  4  to  G  inches  wide),  5-7-parted  or 

deeply  cleft  into  cuneate  divisions  ;  these  3-clef  t  and  laciuiatc-lobod  ;  lobes  acute,  lanceolate 

to  almost  linear:  raceme  in  larger  plants  a  foot  or  two  long  and  very  loose:  diverging 

pedicels  commonly  2  inches  long :    sepals  and  spur  usually  three  fourths  inch  long,  upper 

ones  much  surpassing  the  white  upper  petals:    follicles    (even  ovaries)  glabrous,  mostly 

recurving  in  age.  —  Proc  Am.  Acad.  viii.  37.5;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  11  ;  Wats.  Bibl. 

Index,  14,  excl.  syn.,  &  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  428.1  —  Lower  moist  and  partly  wooded  grounds, 

Columljia  River  below  the  Dalles,  first  coll.  by  E.  Hall,  then  Howell,  &c. ;    Humboldt  Co., 

California,  Rattan;  there  called  Cow  Poison. 

D.  bicolor,  Xdtt.  A  span  (when  alpine)  to  a  foot  high,  from  fascicled  and  mostly  deep- 
descending  roots,  erect,  rather  stout :  leaves  thickish,  .seldom  over  an  inch  or  two  in  diameter, 
radical  orbicular  in  outline,  all  deeply  parted  and  divisions  cleft  or  up])er  simply  parted ;  the 
segments  mostly  linear  and  obtuse :  raceme  few-several-flowered  :  lower  pedicels  inch  or  two 
long,  ascending :  sepals  and  sjjur  half  to  three  fourths  inch  long :  upper  petals  pale  yellow 
or  white  and  co])iously  blue-veined :  follicles  glabrous  or  when  young  puberulent,  sometimes 
{[uitc  erect,  commonly  recurving  above.  —  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  vii.  10;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl. 
i.  33  ;  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  xii.  .'52.  D.  Menziesii,  Gray,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1863,  57,  not  DC. 
D.  Menziesii,  var.  Utahense,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  12.  —  Dry  ground,  mountains  of  Colorado 
and  E.  Utah,  north  to  Brit.  America,  west  to  E.  Oregon  and  Washington ;  perhaps  to 
arctic  Alaska. 

++++++  Stem  strictly  erect,  a  foot  or  two  high,  and  bearing  a  virgate  or  narrow  raceme : 
^pedicels  ascending,  even  the  lowest  rarely  over  an  inch  long  (except  when  converted  into 
lieaf-bearing  branch),  and  upper  ones  not  longer  than  the  spur  :    follicles  oblong  or  oval, 
not  over  about  half  inch  long,  not  recurving  in  age :  Califoruian  species  or  nearly  so. 
=  Fascicled  roots  elongated  and  not  at  all  tuberiform. 

D.  Andersonii,  Gkat.  Robust,  very  glabrous,  a  foot  or  two  high :  leaves  thickish,  of 
rounded  outline  (only  an  inch  or  two  in  diameter)  and  cuneate  divisions;  the  lobes  short, 
oblong  or  narrower,  mainly  obtuse:  raceme  commonly  dense,  a  span  or  two  long:  sepals 
oblong,  deep  blue,  half  inch  long,  a  little  surpassing  the  petals  and  shorter  than  the  spur.  — 
Bot.  Gaz.  xii.  52.  /).  Menziesii,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  1 1,  as  to  W.  Nevada  plant.  D.  decorum, 
var.  Nevaclcn.se,  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  11,  mainly.  —  Mountains  of  W.  Nevada  and 
adjacent  portion  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  in  California,  Anderson,  Watson,  Stretch,  Lemmon,  &c. 
Most  resembles  the  last  preceding  species. 

D.  Parryi,  Gray,  I.e.  Minutelypuberulent  or  glabrous:  stem  1  to  3  feet  high  from  a  rather 
slender  simple  or  very  few-fa.scicled  root,  sparsely  leaved  :  leaves  thinnish,  3-5-parted ;  the 
divisions  ami  few  lobes  linear  or  liardly  brcjader,  mostly  obtuse  :  raceme  virgate,  a  span  to  a 
foot  long,  at  lengtli  rather  loose :  sepals  oval  or  broadly  oblong,  deep  blue,  over  half  inch 
long,  much  surpassing  the  petals,  fully  the  length  of  the  spur.  —  S.  California,  in  San  Ber- 
nardino Co.,  Parry  (1850),  Parry  &  Lemmon  (1876),  Parish.  Apparently  same  near  Santa 
Barbara,  Brewer,  and  San  Clemente  Island,  Nevin  &  Lyon.'^ 

D.  Parishii,  Gray,  1.  c.  Minutely  puberulent,  several-stemmed  from  a  simple  or  fasciculate 
deep  root,  a  foot  or  two  high,  rather  rigid,  sparingly  leaved  :  leaves  all  with  rather  few 
linear  divisions  and  lobes,  mo.stly  small :  sepals  oblong,  bine,  only  3  or  4  lines  long,  hardly 
surpassing  the  petals,  shorter  tlian  the  spur.  —  S.  E.  California,  at  Agua  Calieute  in  the 
Colorado  Desert,  Parish.  (Adj.  Lower  Calif,  to  All  Saints  Bay,  Orcutt.) 
=  =  Roots  (perhaps  only  biennial  ?)  mostly  short  and  numerous  in  a  close  fascicle,  some 
of  them  commonly  fusiform-thickened  but  not  really  tuberiform  nor  grumous :  herbage 

1  Add  syn.  D.  exaltatum,  var.  trolliifolium.,  Huth,  1.  c. 

2  Also  reported  by  Biaudegee  from  Santa  Ciuz  and  Santa  Rosa  Island.s. 


Delphinium.  K  A  NUNC  U  L  AC  K.E. 

usually  puberulent,  or  below  hirsute-iiubesceut:  leaves  not  large,  only  an  incli  or  two  in 

diameter,  well  dissected  into  linear  or  little  broader  and  obtuse  or  niuirouulatc  1..Ik.-b  or 

divisions. 
D.  hesperium,  CnAv,  1.  c.  Commonly  2  feet  bij^li :  raceme  virKato. a  span  to  at  Unptb oven 
a  foot  long,  usually  many-flowered  :  pe'dicels  erect  in  fruit,  lowest  not  over  au  inch  and  upper 
only  2  to  4  lines  long:  flowers  violet-blue  or  paler,  or  often  white, sometimes  reiidish  purple: 
sepals  4  or  5  lines  long,  oval,  about  eiiualled  by  the  jjetals  and  by  the  spnr:  follicles  sliort- 
olilong,  puberulent,  half  inch  or  less  long.  —  Z).  Menziisit,  var.  ochrulencum,  &c.,  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  31.  D.  aznreum,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  6G0,  as  to  Calif,  and  Oregon  pi.  /J.  a:n- 
reum  &  D.  simjiler,  Hook.  &  Aru.  Bot.  Beech.  317  ;  Benth  I'l.  llartw.  295,  296.  D.  ahiiples. 
Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  10.  —  Dry  ground,  plains  of  W.  Oregon  to  Monterey  and  Mari- 
posa Co.,  California;  common.  Var.*  HInseni,  Greene  (Fl.  Francis.  304),  from  Amador 
Co.,  Calif.,  is  described  as  a  moro  slender  form  with  smaller  pale  flowers. 
D.  variegatum,  Torr.  &  Gray.  A  foot  or  two  high,  usually  hir8Ute-pul»e8cent  below, 
bearing  a  raceme  of  several  (rarely  over  10)  large  flowers  :  sepals  ainitlc,  deep  violet-blue 
varying  to  purple,  rose-color  or  white,  roundi.sh-obovate  or  oval  or  in  age  oval-oblong,  two 
thirds  to  three  fourtlis  inch  long,  fully  as  long  as  tiio  spur:  upper  or  all  the  petals  wliite: 
follicles  half  inch  long,  tnrgid-oval,  puberulent.  —  Fl.  i.  32 ;  Brew.  &,  Wats.- 1.  c.  //  qmnili- 
Jloriim,  var.  variegatum.  Hook.  &  Arn.  1.  c.  D.  decorum,  Benth.  PI.  Ilartw.  295,  not  Fisch. 
&  Meyer.i  —  W.  California,  along  streams,  &c.,  common  from  Monterey  northward  to 
Butte  Co. ;  early  coll.  i)y  Douglas  and  by  T.  Coulter.  The  most  showy  species.  Var.* 
apiculAtdsi,  Greene  (Fl.  Francis.  304,  D.  apiculalum,  Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  285),  of  tlm 
interior  of  California  near  the  San  Joaquin,  is  from  character  a  form  h;ning  smaller  more 
numerous  flowers  and  somewhat  broader  leaf-segments. 
+-  -J—  Roots  grumous  or  fjiscicnlate-tuborous,  i.  e.  thickening  into  globular  or  oblong  or  often 

palmate  tubercles  (of  annual  or  biennial  duration),  bearing  only  fibrous  rootlets:  flowers 

mostly  blue  or  violet. 
++  Raceme  spiciform  and  virgate,  mostly  many-flowered :   pedicels  shorter  than  the  spur, 

erect  or  even  appressed  both  in  flower  and  fruit :  stem  strict,  mostly  several-leaved,  simple, 

or  the  larger  plants  bearing  one  or  more  smaller  lateral  racemes. 
D-  simplex,  Dougl.  Tall,  about  a  yard  high,  pubescent  throughout  with  short  and  soft 
spreading  almost  velvety  down :  leaves  all  dissected  into  linear  divisions  and  lobes ;  caly.x 
j)ubescent  externally:  root  and  fruit  not  seen  (referred  here  from  likeness  to  the  following). 
—  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  25  ;  Gray,  1.  c. ;  hardly  of  any  others.^— -  W.  Idaho ;  sut>- 
alpine  range  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  near  the  Columbia,  Douglas,  Clearwater  River, 
Spalding ;  also  probably  Union  Co.,  E.  Oregon,  Cusick,  with  glabrate  leaves. 
D.  distichum,  Gever.  a  foot  or  two  and  rarely  a  yard  high,  glaucesccnt,  glabrous  or 
inflorescence  puberulent,  rather  rigid  :  leaves  thickish ;  radical  and  lowest  cauline  of  rounded 
outline  and  with  cuneate  or  sometimes  narrow  divisions  and  lobes;  npj)er  short-pet ioled, 
erect,  and  with  approximate  or  little  spreading  linear  divisions  and  lobes:  flowers  usuallv 
approximate  in  tiie  very  spiciform  raceme,  then  conspicuously  distidions:  sejtals  at  first 
canescent-puberulent  externally,  a  third  to  nearly  half  inch  long,  or  in  one  form  smaller  and 
much  less  colored :  follicles  seldom  over  half  inch  long,  erect.  —  Geyer  in  Hook.  Lond.  Jour. 
Bot.  vi.  68;  Gray,  1.  c.  D.  simplex,  y^t.  distichiflorum,  Hook.  1.  c.  67.  D.  simplir,  partly, 
of  various  authors.  D.  azureum,  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  217.  — Low  prairies,  &r..  K. 
( )regon  and  Washington  to  Montana  ?  Geyer,  and  various  later  collectors,  apparently  wide- 
spread. 
++  ++  Raceme  loose,  few-several-flowered  or  sometimes  rather  many-flowered  :   pedicels  in 

flower  and  fruit  ascending  or  spreading,  at  least  the  lower  ones  longer  than  the  spurs: 

stetn  erect  or  ascending,  only  a  foot  or  two  high,  naked  and  usually  .ittenuate  at  ba<e, 

where  it  at  length  readily  separates  directly  from  the  grnmose  root-niiu^s. 
=  Follicles  at  maturity  half  to  three  fourths  inch  lont'.  ■■'•'"""^''"■l'-'' ■•""^    ""1  ••diii..>t 

always  widely  recurving:  pedicels  mostly  long  and  \:\ 

1  D.ornntum,  Greene  (Fl.  Francis.  304,  D.  Blockmana,  Grciiif,  Kiyth  a,  i.  Ji;)  wi-  rt.'.i.lol  ly 
Dr.  Gray  a.s  a  form  of  D.  variegatum. 

2  Add  syn.  D.  azureum.,  var.  nimphr,  Hutli,  1.  c.  •    * 

4 


50  RANUNCULACE.E.  Delphinium: 

D-  Menziesii,  DC.  Commonly  pubescent  or  pubernlent :  stem  often  flcxuous  (a  foot  or 
two  or  when  depauperate  a  span  or  two  high) :  leaves  all  3-5-parted  and  divisions  maiulv 
cleft  into  linear  or  lanceolate  lobes:  se])als  or  some  of  them  loosely  jiuliesccnt  outside,  lialf 
to  two  thirds  inch  long ;  slender  spur  of  equal  length :  follicles  pubescent  or  glabrate  or 
occasionally  glabrous :  lower  pedicels  in  fruit  often  2  inches  long.  —  Syst.  i.  355 ;  Lindl.  Bot. 
Keg.  t.  1192;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  25;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  661,  excl.  syn.  D.  paucifloruin} 

—  On  hills,  &c.,  Brit.  Columbia  (and  perhaps  Alaska)  south  to  N.  E.  California,  east  to 
Idaho;  early  flowering;  first  coll.  by  Menzies.  A  low  form,  apparently  of  this  species, 
Flunias  Co.,  California,  ^Jl■s.  Austin. 

=  =  Follicles  at  maturity  half  inch  or  less  in  length  and  oblong,  erect,  or  merely  with 
spreading  tips. 

D.  decorum,  Fisch.  &  Meyer.  Very  glabrous  or  pedicels  barely  puberulent,  bright 
green  :  stem  lax,  6  to  20  inches  high,  few-leaved  :  radical  and  lower  canlinc  leaves  of  dilated- 
reniform  or  orbicular  outline  and  deeply  .3-5-lobed  or  parted ;  the  divisions  from  round- 
obovate  (and  even  an  inch  wide)  to  cuneate,  sometimes  entire  or  slightly  2-3-lobed,  some- 
times narrower  and  2-3-cleft ;  upper  leaves  small,  mostly  pedately  3-5-parted  into  narrow 
lobes :  raceme  sparsely  5-20-flowered,  often  paniculate ;  pedicels  slender,  spreading,  usually 
an  inch  or  two  long:  sepals  oval,  half  inch  or  more  long,  equalled  by  the  thickish  .spur : 
follicles  thickish,  oblong.  —  Ind.  Sem.  Hort.  Petrop.  1837,  33  (large-flowered  form);  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  661 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  II,  in  part;  Gray,  1.  c.  —  California,  from 
Kapa  and  Bodega  to  Los  x\ngeles  and  San  Bernardino  Mountains ;  early  flowering.  The 
type  rather  large-flowered  ;  varying  to  smaller  flowers  and  to 

Var.  patens,  Gray,  1  c.  54.  Sometimes  obscurely  and  sparsely  pubescent :  stem  erect; 
raceme  commonly  more  compact ;  pedicels  ascending  in  fruit,  rarely  over  an  inch  long : 
flowers  smaller,  the  sepals  a  third  to  half  inch  long.  —  D.  patens,  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  296.'^ 

—  From  Siskiyou  Co.,  to  the  mountains  of  S.  California. 

D.  pauciflorum,  Nutt.  Glabrous  or  barely  puberulent :  stems  slender,  a  span  to  a  foot 
high  from  a  fasciculate-tuberous  root  (the  tubercles  from  oblong  to  fusiform) ;  leaves  small, 
all  pedately  parted  into  narrowly  linear  divisions  of  an  inch  or  less  in  length :  raceme  3-15- 
flowered  ;  pedicels  about  the  length  of  the  flowers :  sepals  quarter  to  third  inch  long,  oblong, 
little  surpassing  the  petals,  much  shorter  than  the  slender  spur :  follicles  so  far  as  known 
oval-oblong,  about  4  lines  long.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  33;  Gray,  1.  c.  D.  NuttalU- 
aniim,  Pritzel  in  Walp.  Rep.  ii.  744,  but  the  homonym  of  Don  is  not  in  the  way  of  Nuttall's 
name.''  —  Rocky  Mountains  from  Wyoming  to  W.  Colorado,  and  west  to  Idaho  and  eastern 
borders  of  Wa.-*hington  and  California. 

Var.  depauperatum.  Gray,  1.  c.  Slender  stems  only  1-3-leaved  and  1-7-flowered ; 
pedicels  more  erect:  radical  and  lower  cauline  leaves  flabelliform  or  reniform  and  with 
obovate  to  lanceolate  lobes,  not  unlike  those  of  D.  decorum,  var.  patens,  of  which  it  may  be  a 
form  with  reduced  sepals  and  slender  spur.  —  D.  depauperatum,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
33;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  12.*  —  Mountains  of  E.  Oregon  and  W.  Nevada,  Nuttall,  Beck- 
tcith,  Watson,  scanty  specimens,  perhaps  referable  to 

Var.  Nevadense,  Gray,  u.  var.  Less  slender,  8  to  15  inches  high:  leaves  well  dis- 
sected into  linear  or  spatulate-linear  lobes :  raceme  7-20-flowered :  pedicels  spreading,  the 
lower  about  an  inch  long :  flowers  sometimes  pink-purplish :  sepals  a  third  to  almost  half 
inch  long,  all  shorter  than  the  spur:  follicles  short-oblong.  —  D.  decorum,  v&r.  Nevadense, 
Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  11.  — Sierra  Nevada,  California,  above  Cisco,  Bolander,  Plumas  Co., 
Mrs.  Austin,  and  adjacent  Nevada,  Lewmon. 

D'  Nuttdllii,  Gray,  1.  c.  Glabrous  or  nearly  so :  stem  strict  and  simple,  commonly  2  feet 
high,  leafy  usually  up  to  the  rather  strict  or  virgate  and  1 0-20-flowered  raceme :  leaves  thin- 
nish,  mostly  5-parted  and  divisions  cleft  into  lanceolate  lobes :  pedicels  .ascending,  half  inch 
to  inch  long:  flowers  deep  indigo-blue,  usually  even  to  the  petals;  sepals  4  lines  and  slender 

1  Add  syn.  ?Z>.  pauperculum,  Greene  (Pittonia,  i.  284),  which,  notwithstanding  its  later  flowering, 
may  from  character  well  be  of  this  species.     Add  also  syn.  D.  tricorne,  var.  Menziesii,  Hutli,  1.  c.  13. 

2  Add  syn.  D.  tricorne,  van  patens,  Huth,  1.  c. 

8  Add  s\Ti.  D.  Menziesii,  va.r.  pauciflorum,  Huth  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xx.  415. 
•*  Add  syn.  D.  tricorne,  var.  depauperatum,  Huth,  Delph.-Art.  N.  A.  13. 


Delphinium.  RANUNCULACE.i:.  f,  | 

spur  fully  half  inch  long :  follicles  oblong,  (iiiarter  to  half  inch  in  length,  erect.  —  D.  glmpler, 

Nutt.  in  herb.,  not  Dougl.i  — Low  ground,  along  streams  and  in  open  vfixnU,  on  and  neiir 

Columbia  River,  Oregon  and  Washington,  Nuttall,  Jloirell,  Ileudnson,  Suksdorf;  fl.  guni- 

mer.     There  is  apparently  a  variety  with  calyx  and  lower  petals  white.* 

§  3.   PHCENicoDicLPnis,  Gray,  1.  c.  49.     Like  §  2,  but  scarlet-  and  yellow-rtow- 

ered,  the  calyx  mostly  bright  scarlet  and  petals  wholly  or  partly  yellow :   C'ali- 

fornian  perennials,  glabrous  or  nearly  so;    with  branching  roots  not   tuberous, 

and   showy  flowers   loosely  racemose.      (Germination   in  the  first  species  with 

connate  petioles  elongating  and  plumule  hypogaeous,  emerging  from  base;   in  the 

second  species  said  to  be  normal.) 

D.  nudicaule,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Stem  a  foot  or  two  high,  naked  or  very  few-leaved: 
leaves  somewhat  succulent,  1  to  3  inches  in  diameter,  deeply  .^-.'i-cleft  or  barelv  parted  into 
obovate  or  cuneate  divisions,  these  with  sliort  ol)tu.><o  lobes-  racemes  verv  lo<jse  ami  open; 
pedicels  2  to  4  inches  long:  spur  half  to  two  thirds  inch  Imig,  usually  considerably  longer 
than  the  sepals :  follicles  elongated-oblong,  above  spreading  at  maturity,  at  lirst  pulierulcnt. 
—  Fl.  i.  33,  661;  Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  5819;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  12,  with  var. 
elAtius,  a  taller  form.  D.  sarcophi/llum,  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  317.8 —  Banks  of  rivu- 
lets in  the  mountains,  from  Bay  of  .San  Francisco  •*  to  near  the  borders  of  Oregon  ;  first  coll. 
by  Douglas. 

D.  cardinale,  Hook.  Stem  a  yard  high,  more  branching  and  with  elongated  many-flowered 
raceme :  leaves  larger,  mostly  deeply  parted  into  narrow  divisions,  with  long  and  linear  or 
lanceolate  lobes  :  pedicels  an  inch  or  two  long:  flowers  usually  larger  than  in  the  preceding, 
deeper  red  (rarely  yellow) :  ovaries  and  oblong  follicles  glabrous.  —  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4887  ;  Torr. 
Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  30,  t.  2;  Kegel,  Gartenfl.  vi.  t.  208;  F\.  Serre.s,  .\i.  63,  t.  11 0.5;  Brew.  & 
Wats.  1.  c.  D.  roccineum,  Torr.  Pacif.  K.  Rep.  iv.  62.  —  Mountains  of  S.  W.  (  riUfonui  I.r,< 
Angeles  Co.  to  the  Mex.  boundary;   first  coll.  by  Parry. 

Recently  published  species  of  uncertain  affinities. 
D.*  recurvatum,  Greene.  "Perennial,  the  root  a  fascicle  of  fleshy-fiiirous  thick  roots: 
a  foot  or  two  high,  strict  and  simple,  or  branching  and  the  racemes  more  lax,  glabrous  and 
glaucous,  except  a  sparse  pubescence  on  the  lower  face  of  the  leaves  and  the  jietioles : 
leaves  divided,  each  part  cleft  into  al)Out  3  linear  obtuse  mucronulate  segments,  those  nearest 
the  root  on  elongated  petioles :  raceme  many-flowered,  the  peilicels  ascending,  an  inch  long: 
flowers  lavender-color  (changing  to  pale  blue  in  drying),  the  linear  oblong  sepals  more  than 
a  half  inch  long,  conspicuously  recurved,  the  blunt  spur  about  as  long  and  curved  upwards."  — ■ 
rittonia,  i.  285.  —  "Frequent  in  moist  snbsaliuc  grounds  along  the  San  Joaquin  River,  in 
California,  from  Antioch  to  Tulare,  flowering  in  March  and  April."  Descriptions  of  this 
and  of  th«  two  following  species  are  quoted  from  the  original  characterizations. 

D.*  Emiliae,  Greene.  "  Slender,  2  feet  high,  from  a  strong  cluster  of  thick  woody-fibrons 
roots ;  stem  retrorsely  pubescent,  some  of  the  hairs  hispid,  others  short  and  appressetl : 
leaves  on  long  villous-hispid  petioles,  the  lamina  cleft  into  about  5  segments  wliich  are 
broadly  linear  and  entire  below,  but  above  tlie  midille  widened  and  doubly  cleft,  the  ulti- 
mate divisions  ovoid,  acute  :  racemes  about  3,  slender-peduncled,  rather  loose  :  flowers  small, 
dark  blue:  sepals  obovoid,  each  with  a  strong  apiculation  wiiich  is  abruptly  incurved  and 
covers  a  manifest  round  saccate  depre.ssion ;  spur  nearly  straight,  horizojitally  projecting 
or  slightly  a.scending:  upper  petals  glabrous,  the  lateral  ones  horizontiilly  spreading  over 
the  stamens  and  very  hirsute  externally :  follicles  ijubescent,  the  hairs  incurved  and  ai>- 
pressed."  —  Erythea,  ii.  120.  —  "  Hill.sides,  Knights  Valley,  Soimii.n  Co.  pMlif  "  Mrs.  /^miii/ 
G.  Booth,  15  June,  1894.     Said  to  be  related  to  D.  lariegatum. 

1  Add  syn.  D.  Columhianum,  Greene,  Erythea,  ii.  193. 

2  This  blue  and  whito  flowcied  form  is,  with  scarcely  .a  doubt,  the  D.  leucophaum,  just  published 
by  Greene,  1.  c.  118.  It  had  been  named  and  distributed  .is  a  new  species  by  Suks<lorr  some  limo 
before. 

8  Add  s>Ti.  D.  decorum,  var.  nudicnttle,  Hnth,  1.  c.  9. 

■*  Southward  to  the  Santa  Lucia  Mountain.s,  Eastwood,  Vorln<"/' .  .in-,  t^  nrtunlc-'i'i'.  Zoc,  iv.  148, 


52  IIANUNCULACE.E.  Delphinium. 

D.*  Burkei  Greene.  "  Stems  one  or  several,  a  foot  high  or  more,  erect,  not  slender,  from 
a  manifestly  woody-fibrous  root,  leafy  at  or  near  the  ba.se  only  :  foliage  and  lower  part  of 
stem  seeming  glabrous,  though  somewhat  puberulent  under  a  lens ;  upper  part  of  stem  and 
the  inflorescence  clothed  with  a  short  villous-hirsute  pubescence :  leaves  2  inches  broad, 
deeply  parted  into  many  linear  and  oblong-linear  obtusish  segments,  the  texture  rather 
fleshy:  raceme  rather  long  and  narrow,  the  pedicels  being  equiU  and  quite  erect :  sepals 
deep  blue,  pubescent  exteriorly,  spur  rather  long,  usually  blunt,  nearly  straight  and  hori- 
zontal; petals  conspicuously  white,  or  perhaps  ochroleucous :  ovaries  densely  appressed- 
villous:  follicles  unknown."  —  Greene,  1.  c.  183.  —  "Snake  Country  probably  in  Idaho," 
Burke.  Said  by  Prof.  Greene  to  have  been  referred  by  Dr.  Gray  to  D.  Andersonii,  but  this 
is  not  sliown  by  specimens  in  herb.  Gray.  From  the  characterization  quoted  above,  the 
species  would  appear  near  if  not  identical  with  some  forms  of  D.  distichum. 

16.  ACONITUM,  Tourn.  Monkshood,  Wolfsbane.  (Ancient  Greek 
and  Latin  name,  of  uncertain  origin.) — Perennial  herbs  (of  the  cooler  parts  of 
the  northern  hemisphere) ;  with  palmately  lobed  or  dissected  leaves,  and  showy 
flowers  in  terminal  racemes  or  panicles.  Seeds  in  ours  densely  squamellose.  — 
Inst.  424,  t.  239,  240  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  448 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  43,  t.  16.  —  For  con- 
venient brevity  the  upper  sepal  is  here  called  the  hood. 

A.  Napellus,  L.,  of  Europe,  the  officinal  Aconite,  Monkshood,  or  Wolfsbane,  not  rare  in 
gardens,  is  said  to  have  escaped  sparingly  from  them  in  some  places,  at  least  in  Lower  Canada 
and  Newfoundland. 

*  Stem  erect  (or  in  A.  uncinatum  with  flowering  summit  declining),  from  tuberous  thickened 
conical  or  naplform  roots:  hood  hetmet-shaped  or  cap-shaped;  flowers  blue,  rarely  vary- 
ing to  white  or  pale  yellow. 
A.  delphinifolium,  DC.  Stem  a  foot  to  a  yard  high,  strict,  above  more  or  less  cinereous 
with  a  close  retrorse  pubescence  :  leaves  deeply  ])arted,  divisions  laciniately  cleft  into  lance- 
olate or  linear  lobes :  flowers  large :  hood  low,  not  over  semicircular,  almost  symmetrical 
and  slightly  crescentic  in  outline,  only  short-attenuate  at  base  and  apex  :  lower  sepals  as 
long  and  half  as  broad  as  the  lateral :  follicles  oblong.  —  Syst.  i.  380 ;  Reichenb.  Monogr. 
79,  t.  9.  A.  Kamtschaticum,  Willd.  ace.  to  Reichenb.  Uebers.  Aeon.  39,  &  A.  maximum,  Pall,  in 
herb.  ace.  to  DC  Syst.  i.  380;  Reichenb.  111.  Aeon.  t.  15-17;  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  69;  larger 
forms,  the  former  very  leafy  to  top.  A.  Chnmissoniamtm,  semigaleatitm  (Pall.),  para doxum, 
&c.,  Reichenb.  Monogr.  &  111.  Aeon.  A.  Nopelhs,  var.  defphinifolium,  Seringe,  Mns.  Helv. 
i.  159 ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  26 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  34,  &c.i  Varies  to  depauperate  few- 
leaved  and  1-5-flowered  forms.  —  Brit.  Columbia,  through  Alaska  to  Bering  Strait,  and 
Islands ;  Ja.sper  House,  N.  Rocky  Mountains,  Burke.  (Adj.  N.  E.  Asia.) 
A.  Noveboracense,  Gr.\t.  Stem  erect,  2  feet  high,  leafy,  only  the  summit  and  strict 
but  ratiicr  looselv  several-flowered  raceme  pubescent :  leaves  membranaceous,  rather  deeply 
parted;  the  broadly  cuneate  divisions  3-cleft,  and  the  lobes  incised  into  lanceolate  or  broader 
lobelets :  hood  (over  half  inch  long)  gibbous-obovate,  with  rounded  casque-shaped  summi 
or  back  about  the  length  of  the  basal  portion  and  of  the  porrect  descending  beak  :  lower 
sepals  small  and  narrow:  follicles  oblong.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  190.  A.  uncinatum, 
Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.ti.  21? — Chenango  Co.,  New  York,  on  the  Chenango  River,  at  Greene, 
A.  Willard  (1857),  and  below  Oxford,  F.  V.  Coville  (1885) .2  Habit  of  some  forms  of 
the  following;  in  the  hood  between  it  and  the  preceding.  The  specimen  of  herb. 
Le  Conte,  referred  to  by  Torrey  under  ^.  uncinatum,  is  not  extant,  and  may  be  of  either  this 
or  that  species. 
A  Columbianum,  Nctt.  Stem  commonly  2  to  4  feet  high,  lax,  the  upper  part  or  at  least 
the  loose  and  sometimes  flexuous  racemes  or  panicles  pubescent  and  mostly  viscid  :  leaves 
deeply  cleft  or  barely  parted,  usually  into  rhombic-ovate  or  obovate-cuneate  divisions,  these 

1  Add  syn.  A.  Napellus,  Hook.  f.  &  Jackson,  Ind.  Kew.  i.  pt.  1,  31,  in  part. 

2  Reported  from  Cuyahoga  Falls,  Summit  Co.,  Ohio,  Krebs ;  see  Werner,  OhioAgric.  E.\p.  Sta. 
Tech.  Ser.  i.  235 


Clmidfuya.  KANCNCL'LACK.i:.  03 

iucisely  cleft  and  toothed :  liood  l;alf  to  three  fourtlis  inch  hjug,  with  helniet-Mha|>ed  portion 
liigher  than  the  broad,  at  length  much  shorter  than  the  downwardly  uarrowfd  hxsal  |M)rti.jn, 
ver}'  strongly  beaked ;  the  beak  variable,  sometimes  broailly  (iubiilalc  and  jtorn-ct,  Komc- 
tiraes  subulate  and  elongated  (4  or  even  G  lines  long)  an<i  eitiier  porrect  or  decurvcd  :  lower 
sepals  sri.all  and  oblong:  follicles  oblong. —  Nult.  in  'I'orr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  34  ;  Wats.  IJot. 
C'alif.  ii.  428;  Coulter,  Man.  Kooky  Alt.  Keg.  II.  A.  numtam,  llooV..  Fl.  IJor.-Am.  i.  yf, ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  12,  not  Fisch.  &  Heichenb.  ,1.  Fisdieri,  Hi-gel, 
Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  x.xxiv.  pt.  2,  98;  Hrew.  &  Wats.  IJot.  C;ilif.  i.  12,  not  Uciclicub.» — 
Moist  grounds,  lirit.  Columliia  to  California  throughout  the  Sierra  Nevada,  cxst  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  south  to  those  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona.  Leaves  thin,  eoniinonlv 
rather  large ;  lower  often  4  to  6  inches  in  diameter,  sometimes  rather  small.  Sometimes 
bears  bulblets  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves. 
A.  Uncin4tum,  L.  Very  smooth  and  glabrous  up  to  the  short  pedicels  :  stem  2  or  .3  fe<'t 
higii,  witli  summit  of  stem  or  flowering  branches  often  declining,  and  j)anieulato  rather 
thaii  racemose  inflorescence  sometimes  flexuous  :  leaves  of  rather  firm  texture,  deeply  cleft 
or  tlie  lower  parted  into  oblong-obovate  incisely  dentate  or  sometimes  laciuiatc  divisions : 
hood  over  half  incli  high,  strongly  saccate,  and  witli  the  porrect  at  length  decurved  beak 
attaining  or  exceeding  the  lengtii  of  the  basal  portion  :  lower  sepals  small  and  narrow : 
ovaries  pubescent  or  glal)rous  :  follicles  turgid,  over  half  inch  long;  —  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  750; 
Michx.  Fl.  i.  315;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1119;  Reichenb.  111.  Aeon.  t.  35;  Gray,  Gen.  lU.  i.  43, 
t.  16.2  j^.  volubilfi,  Muhl.  Cat.  52,  but  stem  not  twining.  —  Moist  ground,  jilong  the  moun- 
tains, from  Georgia  to  Pennsylvania  (according  to  Torrey  in  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  21,  to  adjacent  part 
of  New  York  in  Chenango  Co.)  and  Wisconsin ;  fl.  late  summer  and  autunm. 

*  *  Stems  reclining  from  elongated  fascicled  roots:  hood  oblong-conical,  the  length  aljout 
twice  the  width,  soon  horizontal. 

A.  reclinatum.  Gray.  Nearly  glabrous,  soft  in  texture  :  stems  2  or  3  feet  long,  bearing 
loose  and  rather  few-flowered  somewhat  leafy  racemes :  leaves  deeply  3-7-cleft  into  oblong- 
cuneate  laciniate-lobed  divisions,  lower  long-petioled,  5  to  9  inches  in  diameter :  flowers  dull 
white  or  ochroleucous,  varying  to  purple.  —  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  xlii.  34,  Loud.  Jour.  Bot.  ii.  118, 
&  Man.  ed.  5,  46.  —  Wet  woods  on  mountain  sides,  in  the  Allegh;uiics,  N.  Carolina  to  Vir- 
ginia, first  coil,  by  Gray  &  Carey ;  fl.  summer. 

17.  CIMICfFUGA,  L.  Bugbaxe.  (Cimexy  a  bug,  fugere,  to  drive 
away.)  — Tall  pereuiiial  herbs  (of  northern  temperate  zone),  nearly  glabrous  or 
a  little  pubescent  above  ;  with  sliort  clustered  rootstocks  and  matted  roots,  ample 
ternately  and  quinately  compound  leaves,  having  incised  and  serrate  membra- 
naceous leaflets,  and  white  flowers  in  elongated  simple  or  paniculately  clustered 
racemes,  sometimes  polygamous  or  subdioecious ;  fl.  summer. — Amocn.  Acad.  ii. 
354,  &  Mant.  i.  20;  Lam.  111.  t.  487 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  51,  t.  20."» 

§  1.  AcTiNOSPORA,  Beuth.  &  Hook.,  or  true  Cimicifngn.  Carpels  and  fol- 
licles seldom  solitary,  compressed,  membranaceous,  distinctly  styliferous:  stigma 
small,  more  or  less  introrse :  seeds  not  very  numerous,  laterally  compressed  or 
terete  (not  depressed),  the  coat  squamose  or  squamellose.  —  Actinospora  &  Ciini- 
cifuga,  Fisch.  &  Meyer,  Ind.  Sem.  Ilort.  Petrop.  1835,  21  ;  Turcz.  Fl.  Baic- 
Dahur.  i.  85,  86. 

*  Follicles  3  to  5  or  rarely  more,  stipitate  ;    seeds  mostly  laterally  fl.ittish ;   the  coat  con- 
spicuously and  copiously  scarious-squaraose  :   petals  or  staminoiies  present,  1  to  6 :  leares 

1  Although  Dr.  Gray  regarded  the  American  plant  distinct  from  Reichenbacir.-;  species,  if  f    ' 
sible  to  find  satisfactory  or  con.stant  teclniical  differences,  and  Sir  Joseph  Hooker.  H.l.  M 
t.  7130,  includes  in  A.  FischeH,  Reichenb.,  not  only  A.  Cvlumbianum,  Nutt.,  but  also  A.  .Vucrl' 
Gray. 

a  Meehan's  Monthly,  iv.  81,  t.  6. 

»  Recent  literature:  Fluth  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xvi.  :^1  ()-.'. lH. 


54  KANUXCULACl'LE.  Cimici/uya. 

2-3-ternate  and  theu  ^innately  3-5-foliolate ;    leaflets  ovate  and   oblong,  incised   and 

dentate,  or  ternunal  one  also  3-cleft,  mostly  acuminate. 

C.  FtfeTiDA,  L.,  the  original  species,  of  N.  Asia,  &c.,  is  given  by  Pursh  as  of  the  N.  W. 

Coast,  no  doubt  mistakenly,  but  the  original,  the  var.  simplex  (C.  simplex,  Wormsk.),  was 

from  the  opposite  sliore  of  Kamtschatka.     It  has  short-pedicelled  flowers  and  at  first  pubescent 

short-stipitate  carpels. 

C.  Americana,  Micnx.  A  yard  or  less  high,  with  rather  weak  stem  and  lax  elongated 
raceme,  a  few  shorter  ones  below :  leaves  pale  beneath  :  pedicels  widely  spreading,  hardly 
shorter  than  the  flower  and  the  follicles  :  petiUs  2-horued  and  with  a  concave  nectariferous 
spot  below :  carpels  4  or  o,  shorter  than  their  slender  stipe ;  follicles  mostly  5  lines  long  ; 
seeds  all  over  about  uniformly  squamiferous.  —  Fl.  i.  316  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  36;  Gray, 
Gen.  111.  t.  20,  f.  14-19.  C.  podocarpa,  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  16.  Achea  podocarpa,  DC.  Syst.  i.  382  ; 
Deletes.  Ic.  Sel.  i.  t.  66.  —  Moist  woods  of  the  Higher  Alleglianies,  S.  Pennsylvania  to 
Georgia;  first  coll.  by  Michaux ;  fl.  August,  September;  mainly  hermaphrodite. 
C.  laciniata,  Watson.  Leaves  brighter  green,  more  deeply  and  copiously  incised  and 
cleft:  racemes  panicled,  loo-sely  flowered:  flowers  smaller  and  stamens  much  fewer :  carpels 
in  flower  pubescent  and  longer  than  their  stipes  ;  follicles  half  inch  long,  twice  the  length 
of  the  stipe ;  .seeds  apparently  shorter-squamiferous  on  the  disk.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  352. 
—  Oregon,  on  the  flanks  of  Mount  Hood,  Mrs.  Barrett,  Henderson.  Near  C.  Dahurica. 
Flowers  apparently  all  hermaphrodite. 

*  *  Follicles  1  to  3,  not  stipitate :   seeds  nearly  terete :   petals  wanting,  sometimes  one  or 

two  deformed  stamens:   style  shorter,  disposed  to  be  recurved  or  uncinate:    racemes 

spiciform. 

C.  Arizonica,  Watson,  1.  c.     Less  tall:  leaflets  ovate  or  oblong-ovate  (1  to  3  inches  long), 

moderately  incised  and  serrate :   raceme  (as  far  as  seen)  solitary,  with  pedicel  much  shorter 

than  the  very  numerous  stamens :   ovaries  and  (half  inch  long)  follicles  2  or  3,  glabrous  or 

nearly  so ;   seeds  conspicuously  squamiferous.  —  On  Bill  Williams  Mountain,  N.  Arizona, 

■Lemmon. 

C.  elata,  Nutt.     Slender,  3  to  6  or  8  feet  high :  leaflets  roundish  and  cordate,  mostly  3-lobed, 

2  tu  6  inches  in  diameter :    racemes  several,  slender,  small-flowered :   ovaries  and  follicles 

1  to  3,  the  latter  4  or  5  lines  long  :  stigma  almost  terminal  on  the  short  style  :  seeds  minutely 

rugose-squamellose.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  36.  —  Wet  mountain  woods  of  Oregon 

and  Washington,  Nuttall,  Hall,  Howell,  Suksdorf,  &c.     Approaclies  C.  Japonica,  Miq.,  and 

the  related  species  of  §  Pitp-osperma,  which,  with  short-squamellose  seeds,  have  the  short 

style  surmounted  by  a  broad  and  depressed  terminal  stigma,  thus  making  a  transition  to  the 

following  section. 

§  2.  Macrotrys.  Carpels  and  follicles  solitary,  or  rarely  2  or  3,  terete  and 
ovoid,  not  stipitate :  style  extremely  short,  thick,  the  truncate  summit  occupied 
by  a  strictly  terminal  depressed  stigma  (as  in  Acttsa)  :  seeds  horizontal  in  a 
double  row,  depressed ;  the  coat  close,  smooth  and  firm.  —  i¥acrotri/s  (abbre- 
viation of  Macrohotrys),  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  352,  &  in  Desv.  Jour.  Bgt.  ii. 
170  (1809).  ActcBa  §  Macrotys  (mistake  for  Macrotrys),  DC.  Syst.  i.  383.  Bo- 
trophis,  Raf.  Med.  Fl.  i.  85 ;  Fisch.  &  Meyer,  1.  c.  20.  Cimicifufja  §  Macrotys, 
Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. 

C.  racemosa,  Nutt.  (Black  Snakeroot,  Black  Cohosh.)  Stem  3  to  8  feet  high: 
leaves  2-3-ternatelv  and  then  often  quinately  compound;  leaflets  mostly  ovate,  of  rather 
firm  texture :  racemes  few.  virgate,  rigidly  erect,  becoming  a  foot  or  two  long :  petals  or 
staminodes  1-2-horned  :  follicle  rather  shorter  than  the  pedicel,  not  over  quarter  inch  long, 
the  tip  or  short  stvle  abruptly  recurved.  —  Gen.  ii.  1.");  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  16;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
'  36 ;  Grav,  Gen.  Ill.'i.  51,  t.  20 ;'  Lloyd  Bros.  Am.  Drugs  &  Med.  i.  t.  21,  f.  82-88.  C.  serpen- 
taria,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  372.  Actcea  racemosa,  L.  Spec.  i.  504  (DiU.  Elth.  i.  79,  t.  67) ;  Michx. 
Fl.  1.308;  DC.  I.e.  383;  Eegcl,  Gartenfl.  xiii.  200,  t.  443.  A.  mono'/ijna,  Walt.  Car.  \^l. 
Macrotrys  acKtoides,  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  352,  &  in  Desv.  Jour.  Bot.  ii.  (1809)  170. 


Actiea.  RANUNCULACE^E.  55 

Bolruphis  serpentaria,  Raf.  Med.  Fl.  i.  85,  t.  16.  B.  ac.teoides,  Fiseh.  &  Meyer,  1.  c.  21.— 
Open  woods,  &c.,  in  rich  soil,  S.  New  England  and  Upper  Canada  to  Wi«conHin,  and  sontli 
to  Mi.ssouri,  Tennessee,  and  Georgia;  ^.  early  Huinnier.  Foliage  ruua  to  the  following 
extreme  varieties  or  monstrosities :  — 

Var.  COrdifolia,  (^kay.  Leaflets  only  abcjut  y,  ample  (4  to  6  or  even  10  inches  hmg), 
at  least  the  terminal  ones  cordate  at  base  and  3-lobed.  —  Gray  in  Patterson,  Cliecklist,  ed. 
1892,  1.  C.  cordifolia,  I'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  373  (e.\cl.  syn.) ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2009;  Torr.  &  Gray, 
1.  c.  (wliere  char,  of  seeds,  &c.  must  belong  to  C.  Americanu) ;  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  xlii.  47. 
AcUvu  curdifulia,  DC.  Sy.st.  i.  383.  —  Damp  \soods,  mountains  of  N.  Carolina.* 

Var.  dissecta,  Gray.  Leaves  irregularly  pinnately  decompnund  ;  leaflets  compara- 
tively small,  oblong  or  lanceolate,  laciniate  or  incised.  —  Man.  ed.  6,  47. — Ccutreville, 
Delaware,  ^1.  Commons. 

18.  ACT^A,  L.  Baneberky,  also  callea  Cohosh.  ('Aktcu,  Greek, 
Acteea,  Latiu  name  of  the  Elder,  trausferred  by  Liniia:u8.)  —  Pereuuial  herli.><  (oi 
temperate  parts  of  northeru  hemisphere),  several  forms  almost  of  one  species ; 
glabrous  or  soou  glabrate ;  with  simple  1-2-leaved  stems  from  short  aud  braneh- 
iug  rootstock,  terminated  by  a  short  and  simple  or  sometimes  forked  raceme  (aud 
sometimes  a  second  one)  of  small  white  flowers,  produced  in  spriug :  leaves 
ample,  ternately  or  quinately  decompound :  leaflets  commonly  ovate  or  oblong, 
incised  or  some  2-3-cleft,  and  irregularly  dentate  :  berries  ripening  late  in  sum- 
mer, mostly  black  in  the  Old  World,  red  or  white  in  the  New.  —  Gen.  no.  427  ; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  49,  t.  19. 

A.  spicata,  L.  Raceme  at  first  ovate  or  corymbiforra :  petals  usually  rhombicsp.-\tulat«  : 
berries  slender-pedicelled,  oval,  at  maturity  black.     (Eu.,  Asia.) 

Var.  rubra,  Ait.  Berries  cherry-red,  or  sometimes  white,  in  a  barely  oblong  raceme. 
—  Kew.  ii.  221 ;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  308.  A.  Aviericutia,  var.  rubra,  Pursli,  Fl.  ii.  366.  .1.  brachi/- 
petala,  var.  rubra,  DC.  Sy.st.  i.  38.5.  A.  rubra,  Willd.  Enum.  561  ;  Bigel  Fl.  Bost.  ed.  "2,  211  ; 
Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  27;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  35;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  50,  t.  19.  A.  lonf/ijtes, 
Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  vii.  388.  —  Woods,  Newfoundland  to  the  Saskatchewan  district,  and  liocky 
JNIountains,  and  south  to  Pennsylvania,  Missouri,  &c. 

Var.  arglita,  Torr.  Berries  either  red  or  white :  raceme  elongating  in  age  :  leaflets 
more  dee]jly  incised,  sometimes  more  sharply  dentate:  stem  disposed  to  l)e  taller.  —  I'acif. 
R.  Rep.  iv.  63;  AVats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  12;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  12.  /l.(ir7u/a,Nutt. 
in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  35.  A.  rubra,  var.  arguta,  Lawson,  Rev.  Canad.  Ranunc  84. — 
Rocky  Mountains,  Montana  to  coast  of  Brit.  Columbia,  California,  and  New  Mexico,  eaft- 
wardly  passing  into  the  preceding  form.     (N.  Asia.) 

A.*  viridiflora,  Greene.  Stems  several  from  the  same  root :  flowers  even  during  anthesis 
in  a  narrow  oblong  spike :  pedicels  during  anthesis  a  line  or  two,  at  fruiting  tliree  lines 
long,  reddi.sh,  much  more  slender  than  in  the  next :  bractlets  a  third  to  half  tlie  length 
of  the  pedicels:  petals  oblong-lanceolate:  stamens  greenish.  ^:- Tittoni.a,  ii.  109.  —  San 
Francisco  Mountains,  Arizona,  Rushy,  Greene. 

A.  alba,  Mill.  Raceme  from  the  first  oblong,  hardly  elongating:  leaflets  more  incised  an<i 
sharply  dentate  :  petals  more  like  staminodes,  narrow  and  usually  truncate  :  pedicels  short 
and  stout,  in  fruit  as  thick  as  the  axis  of  the  raceme,  becoming  red:  lierries  glnl)oso-oval, 
bright  white  (but  rarely  bv  hybridization,  purplish  red).  —  Diet.  ed.  8.  no.  2;  Eaton,  Man. 
ed.  2,  1818,  123  ;  Bigel.  Fl.Bost.  ed.  2.  211  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  27  ;  Torr.  &  Gray.  1.  c. , 
Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  47  ;  Law.'^on,  1.  c  83;  Lloyd  Bro.«.  Am.  Drugs  &  Med.  i.  t.  18,  f.  7.3-75. 
78.  A.  spicata,  var.  alba,  L.  Spec.  i.  504 ;  Michx.  1.  c.  -4.  Amtrirann,  var.  alba.  I'ursh.  1.  r. 
A.  brachi/petala,  DC.  Syst.  i.  385,  excl.  var.  rubra  &.  var.  ccemlea  (the  latter  is  Cauloj>hi)llum). 

1  Also  reported  from  near  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  by  Kearney,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xx.  2.'^,  who  sUte« 
that  it  flowers  considerably  later  in  the  season  than  tiie  typical  fonn. 


50  KANUNCULACEiE.  n;,>lrasUs. 

A.  pachypoda.  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  15.  —  Woods  in  rich  soil.  New  Bruuswiek  aud  Cauada  to  Minue- 
sota,  and  south  to  the  mouutaius  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia.* 

19.  HYDRASTIS,  Ellis.  Yellow-koot,  «S:c.  (Unmeaniug  name,  sug- 
gested from  some  likeness  of  the  leaf  to  that  of  llijdrophijlluni  C((nade?ise,  with 
which  the  sterile  plant  was  at  first  confounded.)  —  Ellis  in  L.  S.yst.  Nat.  ed.  10, 
ii.  1088,  &  Gen.  ed.  G,  no.  704;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  47,  t.  18.^  Warneria,  Mill. 
Ic.  ii.  190,  t.  285  (1768).  — Single  species. 

H.  Canadensis,  L.  (GoLDftN-SEAi,,  Yellow  Pcccoon,  &,c.)  Rootstock  fleshy,  marked 
on  the  upi)er  side  by  circular  scars  of  the  annually  produced  stem,  deep  yellow  within: 
herbage  pubescent ;  sterile  growth  a  long-petioled  and  large  peltate  5-7-lobed  leaf ;  fertile  a 
low  aud  simple  .stem,  bearing  toward  the  summit  two  alternate  5-7-lobed  and  serrate  leaves, 
tlie  lower  petioled,  upper  sessile  and  a  shor^peduucled  white  flower,  in  early  springy  the  red 
fruit,  resembling  that  of  a  Rubus,  maturing  in  summer.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  ii.  1088,  & 
Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  784;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  317  ;  Raf.  Med.  Fl.  i.  251,  t.  51  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  9, 
&  Bot.  Mag.  t.  -3019  &  3232 ;  Torr.  &  Gtay,  Fl.  i.  40;  Lloyd  Bros.  1.  c.  76,  t.  8,  f.  27-29. 
Hydiophyllum  verum.  Sac,  L.  Spec.  i.  146.  —  Woods  in  rich  soil,  Canada  near  the  Lakes  and 
New  York,  to  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  and  south  to  Missouri,  Tennessee,  and  Georgia  along  the 
mountains. 

20.  XANTHORRHIZA,  Marshall.  Shrub  Yellow-root.  (Hav^J?, 
yellow,  pi'Ca,  root.)  —  Arbust.  167  (1785);  Endl.  Gen.  850;  Benth.  &  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  9.  Zanthorhiza  (erroneous  form),  L'Her.  Stirp.  79,  t.  38  (1784);  Juss. 
Gen.  234 ;  DC.  Syst.  i.  386  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  40  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  45, 
t.  17.  —  Single  species,  with  floral  characters  of  Eanunculacece,  but  yellow  wood 
and  other  sensible  properties  of  Berheris. 

X.  apiifolia,  L'Hek.  1.  c.  Stems  a  foot  to  a  yard  high,  seldom  branching,  with  gray  bark 
and  bright  ycUow  wood  of  Barberry,  from  similar  rootstocks,  sending  off  yellow  fibrous 
roots,  from  terminal  scaly  bud  producing  in  spring  long  drooping  racemes  or  sometimes 
panicles,  or  a  racemose  cluster  of  them,  aud  ])innately  3-.>foIiolate  leaves,  the  later  growth 
bearino-  5-7-foliolate  leaves ;  petioles  much  dilated  at  base  and  half-clasping ;  leaflets  ovate 
and  oblong,  irregulai'ly  incised  and  serrate,  often  3-cleft :  flowers  small,  brown  purple, 
sometimes  polygamous.  — Ait.  Kew.  i.  399  ;  Lam.  111.  t.  854  ;  Barton,  Elem.  Bot.  App.  26, 
t.  12;  Nouv.  i)uham.  iii.  151,  t.  37  ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1736 ;  Barton,  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  ii. 
203,  t.  46  ;  Lloyd  Bros.  1.  c.  291,  t.  25,  f.  99-105  »  A',  sivipliclsshna.  Marsh.  1.  c.  168.  Artaa 
dioica,  Walt.  Car.  152.  — Along  streamlets  of  the  Alleghany  Mountain  district,  from  S.  W. 
New  York  to  Florida,  west  to  Kentucky. 

21.  P-i9E6NIA,  Tourn.  P^ony.  (Ancient  Greek  and  Latin  name,  said 
to  be  in  honor  of  a  physician,  Pceon.)  —  Robust  and  large-flowered  herbs  (or  a 
Chinese  species  shrubby),  with  divided  leaves  and  ample  flowers;  some  Old 
World  species  familiar  in  gardens,  one  indigenous  on  the  Pacific  coast.  —  Inst. 
273,  t.  146  ;    L.  Gen.  no.  445. 

P.  Br6"Wnii,  Dougl.  Low,  with  glaucous  or  pale  and  rather  fleshy  1-2-ternately  diviiied 
and  parted  leaves ;  lobes  obovate  or  spatulate  to  nearly  linear  :  fructiferous  stems  reclined 
or  recurved  :  flowers  dull  colored  :  petals  5  or  6,  thickish,  dull  brownish  red,  hardly  surpass- 
ing the  roundish  concave  sepals :  disk  many-lobed :  follicles  mostly  5,  glabrous ;  seeds 
oblong.  —  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  27  ;  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  xxv.  t.  30;  Brew.  &  Wats. 
Bot.  Calif,  i.  13.     P.  Brownii  &.  P.  CaUfornica,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  41.  — Mostly  in  dry 

1  Louisiana,  Dr.  Carpenter. 

2  Recent  literature:  Hiith  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xvi.  291  ;  H.  Bowers.  Bot.  Gaz.  xvi.  73,  t.  8. 

8  X.  apiifolia^  var.  ternata,  Huth,  1.  c.  320,  is  the  not  infrequent  form  or  state  with  leaves  merely 
3-foliolate. 


CroHSusomu.  MACJNOLIACK.E.  57 

ground,  nearly  throughout  California  and  adjacent  Nevada,  rare  in  W.  Utah  and  W.  Iilaho, 
nortii  to  Vancouver;  fl.  early  spring  or  ^ununer  according  to  Hiiuation,  which  raiit,'i-s  fn.ui 
the  sea  level  to  tlie  confines  of  suniuier  snow;  &r<  cull,  hy  DowjUm. 

22.  CR0SS0S6MA,  Nutt.  (Kpoo-o-ot',  friu;,'e,  o-i/iu,  Iju<1,v,  lr..iii  th,.- 
fringe-like  bod}'  at  the  liilum  of  tlie  seeds.) — ISlucli  hraiiched  low  sliruhs,  very 
glabrous ;  with  grayish  and  bitter  bark  and  whitish  wood  :  leaves  oblong  or  nar- 
rower, entire,  mucronulate,  obscurely  pinnately  veined,  alternate,  subsessile,  those 
of  short  branchlels  or  spurs  fascicled:  flowers  solitary  and  8hort-i)eduncled„  ter- 
minating the  branchlets;  petals  white.  —Jour.  Acad,  Phiiad.  ser.  2,  i.  loO;  Torr. 
Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  G3,  t.  1;  JBenth.  &,  Hook.  Cieu.  i.  1.5;  lirew.  &  Wats.  li«.t. 
Calif,  i.  13. 

C.  Californicum,  Nutt.  I.  c.  Slirub  3  to  15  feet  high  ;  stem  l»econiing  several  inches  in 
thickness :  leaves  1  to  3  inches  long,  seldom  much  fascicled :  Howers  large  :  petals  orhicuhir, 
over  half  inch  long,  white :  anthers  elongated-ohlong :  follicles  half  to  three  fourths  in.h 
long,  20-25-seeded ;  seeds  with  smootii  and  shining  coat,  falling  out  after  deiiiscenco  in  a 
connected  row,  being  held  together  by  the  entangling  threads  of  the  arillus.  —  Torr.  1.  c.  as 
to  f.  1-t ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  112  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  —  Island  of  Santa  C'ataliua  off 
S.  Calff. ;  first  coll.  by  Gambel.     (Guadalupe  Island,  Palmer.) 

C.  Bigelovii,  Watson.  Shrub  3  to  b  feet  high,  slenderly  and  often  intricately  branched  : 
leaves  largely  fascicled  on  .spur-like  branchlets,  a  fourth  to  half  inch  long:  fiower  fully  lialf 
smaller:  petals  oval,  becoming  spatulate-oblong,  white  or  purplish:  stamens  fewer:  anthers 
short-oblong  :  follicles  seldom  over  quarter  inch  long  or  more  than  2  or  3,  hardly  slipitate, 
10-12-seeded;  seeds  with  dull  coat  (none  seen  with  embryo  formed).  —  rroc.  Am.  Acad.  xi. 
122,  &  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  428.1  C.  CaUfnrnicum,  Torr.  1.  c.  mainly,  i.  &.  as  to  pi.  Bigelow.— 
Rocky  ravines,  S.  I'].  California  and  Arizona  to  Bill  Williams  Mountain  (where  first  coU.  bv 
Bigelow),  Palmer,  Parry  &  Lcinmon,   IK.  G.  Wright,  G.  R.  ]'asej/. 


Order  II.    MAGNOLIACE.E. 

Br  A.  Gray. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  with  aromatic  and  bitter  bark,  simple  mainly  entire  alternate' 
and  pinnately-veined  leaves,  which  are  commonly  minutely  peilucid-dotted ;  all 
the  parts  of  the  flower  distinct  and  free  (hypogynous)  excej)!  the  carpels  when 
numerous  and  spirally  imbricated  on  a  prolonged  receptacle  may  cohere  into  :\ 
mass ;  polyandrous,  with  one  exception  ;  deciduous  sepals  and  petals  inibrio:»t«'d 
and  disposed  to  be  in  whorls  of  three,  with  at  least  two  seri.-s  of  the  latter. 
Anthers  adnate.  Stigma  usually  introrse  and  occupying  most  or  whole  length  of 
the  ventral  edge  of  the  style.  Ovules  in  all  ours  solitary  or  a  pair,  anatropous. 
Seeds  with  a  minute  embryo  in  fleshy  albumen,  not  arillate.  Stipules  commonly 
present  but  deciduous.  —  Three  very  distinct  tribes,  which  may  be  taken  as  sub- 
orders and  have  been  regarded  as  orders.  The  iirst  is  the  most  anomalous  of 
the  order, 

1  Add  syn.  W.  parviflora,  Robin.wn  k  Fernald  (Proc.  Am.  Aca.1.  xxx.lH),  an  iniiHTfectly  known 
species  with  more  elongated  branches,  .scattered  leaves,  and  smaller  llowers,  Iirst  collectwl  in  the 
Grand  Cafion  of  the  Colorado  by  Dr.  Gray,  an<l  Liter  in  Sonora  by  C.  V.  n.trhuan.  In  the  abiwni-e 
of  better  material  it  is  doubtfully  distinct  from  C.  liiydovii,  which  in  iis  turn  is  Itelieved  by  some  to 
intergra<le  with  C.  Californicum;  see  Vaslit,  Zoe,  i.  27. 


58  MAGNOLIACE^.  Schlzandra. 

Tkibe  I.  SCHIZANDRE^.  Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  often  5-merous. 
Carpels  baccate,  spicate  or  capitate.  More  or  less  climbing  shrubs,  hardly  aromatic  : 
no  stipules. 

1.  SCHIZANDRA.  Flowers  monoecious,  small.  Sepals  and  petals  together  9  to  12  with 
gradual  passage,  more  commonly  5  of  each  with  quincuncial  {estivation.  Male  flowers  with 
5  to  15  monadelphous  stamens  :  anther-cells  bordering  the  connective.  Female  flowers  with 
a  head  of  2-ovulate  carpels,  which  in  fruit  become  berries  and  sparsely  spicate  on  the  then 
elongated  and  filiform  receptacle.     Seed'reniform,  with  crustaceous  coat. 

Tkibe  II.  WIXTERE.3S.  Flowers  hermaphi'odite.  Carpels  in  a  simple  whorl,  or 
oi^ly  one.  Erect  trees  or  shrubs,  highly  spicy-aromatic,  with  evergreen  leaves  and 
no  stipules. 

2.  ILLICIUM.  Sepals  3  to  6,  membranaceous,  caducous.  Petals  9  to  30.  Stamens  6  (or 
even  5)  to  40  :  anthers  with  oblong  and  contiguous  iutrorse  cells,  nearly  as  long  as  the  thick 
filaments.  Carpels  6  to  18  in  a  whorl  around  a  short  column,  one-ovuled,  with  subulate 
iutrorsely  stigmatose  style ;  in  fruit  drupaceous  but  at  length  dry  and  woody  crustaceous 
follicles,  steUately  spreading,  in  age  2-valved.     Seed-coat  crustaceous. 

Tribe  III.  MAGNOLIEJE.  Flowers  hermaphrodite, polyaudi-ous  and  polygamous; 
the  envelopes  3-merous  in  at  least  three  series.  Carpels  imbricated  in  a  spike  or 
head  on  a  prolongation  of  the  receptacle.  Trees  or  shrubs,  with  conspicuous  mem- 
branaceous stipules,  serving  as  bud-scales  and  early  deciduous,  the  leaves  condupli- 
cate  in  the  bud :  flowers  terminal,  large,  solitary. 

3.  MAGNOLIA.  Sepals  3.  Petals  6  to  12.  Anthers  much  longer  than  the  filaments, 
introrse.  Gynophore  little  or  not  at  all  stipitate.  Carpels  ovate,  more  or  less  coherent  in  a 
mass,  fleshy,  in  fruit  coriaceous-baccate,  but  at  length  dry  and  somewhat  woody,  dorsally 
dehiscent.  Styles  short,  recurving,  intorsely  stigmatose.  Ovules  and  seeds  a  pair,  tlie  latter 
drupaceous  (the  outer  part  of  the  thick  seed-coat  becoming  baccate  and  the  inner  bony)  : 
funiculus  very  short,  filled  with  spiral  ducts,  by  the  extended  threads  of  which  the  seeds 
when  detached  are  for  a  time  suspended.  Stipules  mostly  connate  and  adnate  to  petiole, 
caducous. 

-1-.  LIRIODENDRON.  Sepals  3,  deflexed.  Petals  6,  broad,  erect,  forming  a  bell-shaped 
corolhi.  Anthers  hardly  longer  than  the  filiform  filaments,  extrorse.  Gynophore  sessile. 
Carpels  numerous  and  closely  imbricated  over  the  prolonged  and  very  slender  receptacle,  the 
dilated  frt=(  apex  tipped  with  a  linear  introrse  stigma;  in  fruit  dry,  indehiscent,  falling  at 
maturity  froi.i  the  bodkin-shaped  receptacle,  samara-like,  the  small  fertile  portion  at  base 
carinate,  produced  above  into  an  elongated  oblong  wing.  Ovules  and  sometimes  seeds  a 
pair  :  seed-coat  thii.  and  dry.     Stipules  distinct  and  free  from  petiole. 

1.  SCHIZANDRA,  Michx.  (Sxt^w,  to  cut,  av-qp,  used  for  anther,  alluding 
to  the  cleft  androecium.)  —  Twining  shrubs  (of  Atlantic  U.  S.  and  Asia),  w  ith 
mucilaginous  and  bitterish  juice,  deciduous  ovate  leaves,  and  solitary  small  flowers 
on  slender  peduncles  from  the  earliest  axils  of  the  annual  shoot :  11.  spring.  —  F'l. 
ii.  218,  t.  47  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  19.  Schizandra  &.  Sphcerostemma  (Blume) 
of  authors.  —  Single  American  species. 

S.  COCCinea,  Michx.  L  c.  219,  t.  47.  Leaves  slendcr-petioled,  ovate,  sometimes  obscurely 
and  sparingly  denticulate :  flowers  half  inch  or  less  in  diameter,  crimson-purplish  :  stamens 
5,  monadelphous  in  a  simple  peltate  5-lobed  disk,  the  ten  anther-cells  widely  separated  on 
the  margins  of  the  very  broad  lobes  or  connectives  :  gynoecium  ovate  in  flower,  the  carpels 
then  imbricated  on  the  short  receptacle,  ventrally  .stigmatic  from  the  subulate  tip  down  to 
the  insertion  of  the  ovule.^ ;  in  fruit  the  scarlet  berries  sparse  on  a  lengthened  pendulous 
receptacle  of  2  or  3  inches  iu  length.  —  Poir.  in  Lam.  lU.  t.  995;  Sims.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1413  ; 
Barton,  Fl.  N.  Am.  i.  45,  t.  13;  Gray,  Gen.  Ill  i.  58,  t.  22.  — Low  woods,  S.  Carolina  to 
E.  Texas;   fl.  early  summer. 

2.  ILLlCIUM,  L.  Star  Anise.  {lUicium  means  an  allurement.)  — 
Shrubs  or  small  trees   (Chiuo-Japaiiese  and  Himalayan,  except  the  following). 


Miujuulia.  MACIXOIJAC'K.K.  59 

very  glabrous:  leaves  entire,  short-petioled,  coriaceous  and  persistent:  Howers 
single  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves  or  bud-scak's,  pedunculate,  nodding :  fruits  yield- 
ing an  anisate  volatile  oil.  Uoth  in  Japan  and  in  America  (under  the  name  of 
Poison  Bay)  said  to  be  poisonous  to  tlie  toufh. — Syst,  Nat.  ed.  1<>,  ii  iij.'jO, 
&  Gen.  ed.  6^  iio-  ''H  j  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  o.j,  t.  21.^ 

I.  Floridanum,  Klms.  Shrub  G  to  lO  feet  liigli:  leaves  ..l.loiig-l.iiicfoliiU-.  A  t.>  7  iiicJi.-« 
long:  petals  20  to  30,  mostly  linear,  dark  criiiison,  half  to  three  fourths  ineli  loug,  widely 
spreading :  stameus  uumcroiis. — Phil.  Traii.s.  Ix.  524,  t.  12;  L.  Mant.  ii.  ;J'J5 ;  l.ani.  Ili. 
t.  493,  f.  1 ;  Curtis,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  439 ;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  326 ;  Nouv.  Duhani.  iii.  I'JO,  t.  47  ;  (iruv, 
1.  c."^  —  Sandy  low  ground,  near  the  coaat,  Florida  to  Louisiana  ;  11.  May. 

I.  parvijQorurQ,  Vent.  Leaves  elliptical  or  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  3  or  4  inches 
long:  petals  6  tff  11,  oval,  concave," ascending,  yellowish,  only  quarter  inch  long:  stamens 
commonly  only  as  many  as  petals.  —  Descr.  V\.  Nouv.  Jard.  Cels,  t.  22;  Miciix.  Fl.  i.  32C  ; 
Baill.  Hist.  PI.  i.  151,  f.  191-194.  Ci/mlwsleinon  parvijlorus,  Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  \ii.  44G.— 
E.  Florida,  and  S.  E.  Georgia  ?    (Cuhii,  Wright.) 

3.  MAGN6LIA,  (Plum.)  L.  (Pierre  Magnol  of  Montpellier,  dird  171.0. 
The  original  Magnolia  of  Plumier  is  Talauma  of  W.  Indies.)  — Trees,  or  some 
shrubs,  of  Atlantic  U.  S.,  Mexico,  E.  Asia,  and  Himalayan  Mountains,  with 
mostly  large  showy  flowers,  in  spring  and  early  summer;  the  cone-like  fruits 
rose-colored  at  maturity,  and  seed-coat  scarlet.  Leaves  upright  in  the  bud.  A 
spathaceous  stipular  bract  at  first  enclosing  the  flower-bud.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  & 
Gen.  BO.  456  ;  Juss.  Gen.  281 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  59,  t.  23,  24.» 

M.  obovIta,  Thunb.  (M.  purpurea,  Curtis),  and  M.  coyspfciT.\,  Salisb.,  Chino^Japancse 
si)ecies,  hardy  or  nearly  so  in  the  Atlantic  States,  are  planted  for  ornament.  The  peculiar 
small-flowered  M.  fuscAta,  of  China,  is  cultivated  at  the  South. 

§  1.  Leaves  coriaceous^nd  at  the  South  persistent,  not  very  large,  never  cor- 
date :  flower-buds  silky  :  flowers  very  sweet-scented,  white,  turning  fuscous  in 
age :  petals  roundish  to  obovate.     Species  at  the  South  called  Bay  and  Laukel. 

M.  grandiflora,  L.  Large  tree  when  well  developed:  leaves  thick  and  firm,  hright  greon 
and  lucid  al)ove,  ferrugiueous-pubescent  beneath  or  in  age  glabrate  but  dull,  oblong  to  <il>o- 
vate,  5  to  10  inches  long:  stipules  adnate  only  to  the  ba.se  of  short  petiole :  perils  3  or  4 
inches  long,  thick,  barely  .spreading  in  anthesis  :  carpels  pubescent,  numerous  ;  the  cone  of 
fruit  4  inches  long.  —Syst.  Nat.  cd.  10,  ii.  1082,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  755  (Catesb.  Car.  ii.  t.  61  ; 
Trew,  Ehret.  t.  .33)  ;  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t  518;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1952;  Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb! 
Am.  iii.  71,  t.  1;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  42;  Sargent,  U.  S.  10th  Con.sus,  ix.  19.<  .1/.  Vir- 
(jiniana,  \a.T.  faetida,  L.  Si>oc.  i.  536,  in  part.^  —  Woods  in  fertile  soil,  coxst  of  N.  Carolina 
to  Texas,  never  far  in  the  interior;  11.  April  to  June. 

M.  glauca,  L.  (Swket  Bay,  AVhite  Bat.  White  Laituel,  &c.  of  the  South  Beavkr- 
TitEi:.)  Small  tree,  northwardly  a  tall  shrub  with  leaves  deciduous :  petioles  slender  ;  leaves 
from  oval  to  broadly  lanceolate,  3  to  6  inches  long,  gl.ancous  and  at  first  silkv-jtubc^cent 
beneath :  corolla  almost  globular  in  anthesis,  open  oidy  when  |):ist  prime ;  the  petals  inch  or 
two  long;   carpels  glabrous,  rather  few:    fruit-cone  inch  or  !«o  long.  —  Svst.  N:it.  .-.i.  lo, 

1  A  synopsis  of  the  species  of  this  fjenns  is  given  by  Ma.\inio\vic/.  in  his  Diaj,'.  Plant.  N    .     ' 
vii.  716,  Melang.  Biol.  Acad.  lu)p.  St.  Peter.-sb.  xii.  71i.i. 

2  Garden,  x.xxvi.  150,  t.  714. 

3  Add  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  1,  t.  1-12. 

4  Aud  Gray,  PI.  For.  Trees  N.  A.  t.  1. 

6  Add  syn.  M.  fcettda,  Sargent,  Card.  &  For.  ii.  615,  k  Silv.  i.  .%  t.  1,  1.  Prof.  3.iixcnt  extends 
tlie  range  to  S.  Arkansas. 


60  MAGNOLIACE.E.  Magnolia. 

ii.  1082,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  755  (Dill.  Elth.  t.  168;  Catesb.  Car.  i.  t.  39;  Trew,  Eliret.  t.  9); 
Schk.  Handb.  t.  148;  Noiiv.  Duham.  ii.  t.  66;  Michx.  f  1.  »•..  77,  t.  2;  Barton,  Veg.  Mat. 
Med.  t.  7;  Bigel.  Med.  Bot.  ii.  67,  t.  27;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  61,  t.  23;  Sargeut,  1.  c.  19.i 
M.  glauca,  var.  major,  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2164.^  Af.  Virgin'uma,  var.  glauca,  L.  Spec.  i.  535. 
M.  fragrans,  Salisb.  Prodr.  379.  M.  longifolia,  Sweet,  Hort.  Brit.  1  ;  Don,  Syst.  i.  83, 
narrow-leaved  form.  —  Swamps,  Cape  Ann  (at  Magnolia),  Miiss.,^  and  New  Jersev  to  Texas, 
tbrough  the  low  and  middle  country  and  up  the  Mississippi  to  lat.  35°;  fl.  early  summer, 
sometimes  tiU  autumn.* 

§  2.  Leaves  membranaceous  and  deciduous,  very  large,  subcordate  at  base ; 
those  of  flowering  branches  somewhat  umbrclhi-clustered :  stipules  and  young 
flower-buds  tomentose  :  flowers,  very  large,  white,  fragrant. 

M.  inacroph;^lla,  Michx.  Small  tree  or  large  shrub,  with  stout  branches  :  leaves  oblong- 
obovate,  with  auriculate  subcordate  base,  a  foot  to  a  yard  long,  canescent  and  tomentulose 
beneath  as  also  young  shoots  :  corolla  open-campanulate :  petals  oblong  with  narrowed  base, 

5  to  7  inches  long :  carpels  and  ovate  fruit-cone  canescently  pubescent.  — Fl.  i.  327  ;  Michx. 
f.  Hist.  Arb.  Am.  iii.  99,  t.  7;  Bonpl.  Malm.  84,  t.  .33;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2189;  Terr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  43;  Sargent,  U.  S.  lOth  Census,  ix.  21.*  — Open  woods  in  fertile  soil,  middle 
country  of  N.  Carolina,  S.  E.  Kentucky,  and  Arkansas  to  Louisiana  and  upper  part  of 
Florida;  fl.  May  and  June. 

§  3.  Leaves  membranaceous  and  deciduous,  ample,  green  both  sides ;  those  of 
flowering  or  other  determinate  branches  approximate  and  umbrella-like  in  dis- 
position: flowers  large  and  white:  petals  obovate-oblong  or  spatulate,  erect, 
spreading    after  anthesis :    carpels,   ample  stipules    and    buds    glabrous.  —  Um- 

BKELLA-TREES. 

M.  Fraseri,  "VValt.  Small  or  slender  tree :  leaves  glabrous  even  in  the  bud,  slender-petioled, 
spatulate-obovate  with  2-auriculate  base,  8  to  20  inches  long :  flowers  rather  sweet-scented  : 
petals  much  narrowed  at  base,  4  or  5  inches  long :  fruit-coue  oblong,  rose-colored. —  Car. 
159,  with  plate;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  43.6  m.  aurictdata.  Lam.  Diet.' iii.  673  ;  Michx.  Fl.  i. 
328 ;  Audr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  573  ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1206 ;  Michx.  f.  1.  c.  94,  t.  6 ;  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  39." 
M.  sp.  Bartr.  Trav.  340.  M.  pjjrainidata,  Edw.  Bot.  Keg.  t.  407  ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1092. 
M.  auiicularis,  Salisb.  Parad.  Lond.  t.  43,  too  narrow  petals.  —  Woods  in  rich  soil,  mountains 
of  Virginia  to  upper  parts  of  Mississippi,  Alabama,  and  Florida,  not  common  in  the  middle 
or  low  country  ;  fl.  May.     In  the  mountains  called  Wahoo,  Indian  Phi/sic,  and  Cucumber-tree. 

M.  Umbrella,  Desk.  (Umbrella-tree.)  A  small  and  branching  tree:  leaves  short- 
petioli'd,  soft-pubescent  underneath  when  young,  soon  glabrate,  obovate-lauceolate  with  both 
ends  acute,  a  foot  or  two  long :  flowers  slightly  and  not  pleasantly  scented :  petals  4  or  5 
indies  long,  less  tapering  at  base :  fruit  oval-oblong,  4  or  5  inches  in  length,  light  rose- 
colored  when  ripe. — ^^Desr.  in  Lam.  Diet.  iii.  673;  DC.  S3st.  i.  452;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  43; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  62,  t  24  (fruit),  &  ,Tourn.  Linn.  Soc.  ii.  106,  f.  1-18  (ovules,  &c.).8 
M.  Virginianu,  var.  tripetala,  L.  Spec.  i.  536.     M.  tripetala,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  ii.  1082, 

1  Add  Lloyd  Bros.  Am.  Dru^s  &  Med.  ii.  25,  t.  28;  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  5,  t.  3;  Gray,  PI.  For.  Trees 
N.  A.  t.  2. 

2  Prof.  Sargent  (Ganl.  &  For.  i.  268,  t.  43)  considers  the  tree  illustrated  in  the  Bot.  Mag.  a 
hybriil  between  Af.  glauca  and  J/.  Umhrelln. 

3  Rhode  Island  (without  exact  locality),  G.  H.  Smith,  in  Thurber  Herbarium;  Suffolk  Co.,  L.  I., 
ace.  to  Rudkin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  x.  95;  S.  Pennsylvania,  A.  A.  Heller  &  Miss  Halbnch. 

4  Nuttull's  var.  pumilum  of  this  .species  (Am.  Journ.  Sci.  v.  295)  appears  to  be  merely  a  dwarfed 
shrubby  state  with  smaller  leaves  and  flowers,  doubtless  due  to  unfavorable  environment;  Florida,  and 
near  Merchantville,  N.  J.,  Martindale. 

6  Add  Lloyd  Bros.  Am.  Drugs  &  Med.  ii,  t.  30  (stated  to  be  natural  size,  but  certainly  under  the 
usual  dimensions) ;  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  11,  t.  7,  8. 

6  Add  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  15,  t.  11,  12;  Burbridge,  Garden,  xliv.  438,  with  plate.  . 

7  Add  Gra)^  PI.  For.  Trees  N.  A.  t.  4. 

8  Add  Gray,  PI.  For.  Trees  N.  A.  t.  3. 


Liriodendron.  MA(;N()M  ACK.K.  CI 

&  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  756 ;    Walt.  Car.  159 ;   Michx.  Fl.  i.  327  ;    Michx.  f.  1.  c.  90,  t.  5  >     .»/.  /",..„. 

dosa,  Salisb.  Prodr.  379.  —  Iii  woods,  S.  reiinsyhaiiia  to  N.  Caruliiia,  Alaltaina,  and  llirmif^li 

Keutucky  aud  Tcimessee  to  S.  W,  Arkan«a.s;  H.  May  and  .June.     Als<j  calli-d  Kik-winnl  iu 

some  places. 

§  4.  Leaves  membranaceous  and  deciduous,  niediiKi-e,  rather  dull  preen,  not 
appro.ximate  in  umbrella  fasliion  on  the  branches:  Howers  rather  small,  grecnihli 
to  light  yellow :  petals  oblong,  commonly  not  over  (! ,  erect  in  anthesit*,  nmcli 
longer  than  the  small  sepals:  carpels  glabrous,  in  fruit  pointless,  the  styles  or 
stigmas  filiform  and  deciduous  :  fruit-cone  comparatively  small  and  narrow,  often 
torosc,  the  shape  and  appearance  when  green  like  a  gherkin,  whence  the  nanjc  of 

CuCU.MBEIi-TIiEES. 

M.  acuminata,  L.  (Cuccmrkr-tuee.)  Tall  tree  with  .'Straight  much  prolonged  trunk : 
leaves  light  greeu,  oval  or  ulilong,  more  or  less  acuminate,  and  witli  either  nmndi-d  or 
acutish  base,  (3  to  9  inches  long,  soft-pubescent,  especially  l)fneath,  glabrate  above :  j>etid.s 
2  inciics  long,  dull  green  and  glaucous,  or  tinged  with  yellow.  —  Sy.st.  Nat.  ed.  10,  ii.  1082, 
&  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  756;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  328;  Michx.  f.  1.  c."82,  t.  3;  s'im.s.  Hot.  Mag.  t.  2427; 
Sargent,  U.  S.  10th  Census,  ix.  20.-  M.  Vircjiiiia,  var.  ttcmiilnuta,  L.  Spec.  i.  536.  7W//»- 
usirum  Americunnm,  Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  vii.  483.  —  Woods  in  deep  soil,  W.  New  York,  or 
barely  in  Canada  at  Niagara,  to  Illinois,  and  south  to  Arkansas,  Alabama,  aud  Georgia, 
especially  in  the  mountains;  H.  May  and  June. 

M.  COrdata,  Michx.  a  small  and  branching  tree ;  leaves  more  pubescent,  at  least  beneath, 
ovate  or  oval,  little  or  not  at  all  acuminate,  obtuse  or  rounded  at  b;ise,  only  on  vigorous 
shoots  subcordate:  petals  cream-yellow.  —  Fl.  i.  328;  Michx.  f.  1.  c.  87,  t.  4;  Edw.  Bot.  Keg. 
t.  325;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  474;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Sargent,  U.  S.  10th  Census,  ix.  20." 
Tii/ip(tstrum  Ainericanuin,  var.  siibcordutuin,  Spach,  1.  c.  485.  —  Georgia  near  Augusia  aud 
Alabama,  rare;   ti.  Ajnil  or  May. 

4.  LIRIODENDRON,  L.  Tulip-tree.  (Actptos-,  lily,  ScrSpoi-,  tree.)  — 
Spec.  i.  535.  Earlier  in  the  form  Liriodendritm,  Hort.  Cliff.  223,  &  Gen. 
no.  960.  TuUpifera,  Pluk.  Aim.  379,  &  Pliytogr.  t.  G8,  117,  348;  Catesb. 
Car.  i.  t.  48.  —  Conduplicate  leaves  in  the  bud,  each  placed  upside  down  by  cur- 
vature of  the  petiole,  and  enclosed  along  with  the  younger  parts  by  its  flat  stipules 
applied  face  to  face.     Single  or  perhaps  two  species,*  deciduous-leaved. 

L.  Tulipifera,  L  (Tulip-tree,  White-wood,  also  wrongly  called  Poplar.)  Tree  50  to 
200  feet  higli,  with  large  straight  trunk :  herbage  glabrous ;  leaves  long-jKnioled,  bread, 
subcordate,  obscurely  angulate,  4-lobed  and  emarginate-truncattf':  flower-bud  spatliaceou.s- 
bractcate  by  the  last  pair  of  stipules,  these  caducous:  petals  very  broad,  greenish  yellow 
marked  with  orange,  inch  or  two  long:  cone  of  fruit  aliout  3  inches  long.  —  Spec.  i.  .535; 
Curtis,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  275;  Schk.  Handb.  t.  147;  Nouv.  Duham.  iii.  62,  t.  18;  B.arton.  Veg. 
Mat.  Med.  t.  8 ;  Bigel.  Med.  Bot.  ii.  t.  31  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  64,  t.  25.*—  Woods  of  deep  soil. 
AV.  New  England,^  through  New  York  and  adjacent  borders  of  Canada  to  Wisconsin,  south 
to  Arkansas  and  Florida ;  fl.  early  summer.     (China.) 

1  Add  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  1.3,  t.  9, -10. 

2  Add  Lloyd  Bros.  Am.  Drugs  &  Med.  ii.  29,  t.  29;  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  7,  t.  4,  f). 

8  Prof.  Sargent  believes  this  to  be  merely  a  variety  of  the  precedinjr,  and  ha.s  published  it  m 
M.  acmninala,  var.  cordata,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  3,  xxxii.  473,  Ganl.  &  For.  ii.  338,  &  Silv.  L  8, 
t.  6,  where  it  is  stated  that  the  exact  form  of  the  cultivated  plant  li.as  not  been  rfdiscoverc<l,  although 
specimens  approaching  it  are  not  infrequent  upon  the  Blue  Ridge  in  Carolina  and  in  Northern 
Alabama. 

*  But  one  species  ;  see  Hemsl.  Gard.  Chron.  ser.  3,  vi.  718. 

5  Add  Garden,  xxxiv.  31,  f.  on  p.  42;  Lloyd  Bro.s.  Am.  Drugs  &  Me<1.  ii.  3,  t.  26  &  f.  106-111, 
with  map  of  distribution;  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  i9,  t.  13,  14;  Holm,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  .Mus.  xiii.  i:U3.'., 
t.  4-9,  showing  the  extraonlinary  variability  in  shape  of  the  leaves;  Gniy,  PL  For.  Treej*  N.  A.  t.  8. 

.6  Eastward  to  Rhode  Island,  Thurber,  and  a»ljacent  Massachu.setts  according  to  Kusscil,  Ganl.  & 
For.  ii.  S2. 


62  ANOXACEJ:.  Anona. 

Order  III.     ANONACE^. 

By  a.  Gray. 

Trees  or  shrubs ;  with  herbage  as  of  the  preceding  order,  but  no  stipules ;  the 
flowers  all  hermaphrodite  and  equally  3-merous  (by  occasional  variation  4—5- 
nierous)  and  hypogyuous;  a  calyx  of  3  sepals  valvate  in  the  bud,  corolla  of 
6  petals  iu  two  unlike  series ;  indefinitel}^  numerous  stamens  imbricated  on  an 
enlarged  receptacle,  their  anthers  extrorsely  adnate  and  longer  than  the  fila- 
ments ;  carpels  either  distinct  or  when  imbricated  on  a  prolongation  of  the 
receptacle  cohering  to  form  an  aggregate  fruit;  ovules  anatropous,  and  large 
seeds  with  a  crustaceous  coat,  ruminated  albumen  (in  the  manner  of  a  nutmeg), 
and  a  minute  embryo.  Sepals  and  petals  deciduous.  A  tropicU  order,  except 
in  the  Atlantic  United  States. 

1 .  ANONA.  Petals  valvate  in  the  bud,  thick  aud  fleshy,  those  of  the  inner  series  smaller 
but  little  different  from  the  outer.  Anther-tips  convex.  Carpels  numerous,  one-ovuled, 
imbricated  over  the  elongated  receptacle  and  more  or  less  confluent  iu  a  mass,  forming  a 
fleshy  aggregate  fruit. 

2.  ASIMINA.  Petals  of  each  scries  imbricated  in  the  bud  (at  least  the  outer  or  the  inner 
distant),  accrescent,  membranaceous  or  thinnish,  veiny,  commonly  rugnlose,  more  or  less 
dissimilar  ;  the  outer  plane  aud  spreading ;  inner  smaller  aud  erect,  mostly  thicker,  concave 
at  base.  Stamens  densely  covering  the  globose  torus :  anther-tips  depressed  and  pulvinate. 
Carpels  few  or  several,  distinct,  sessile  or  very  short-stipitate,  few-many-seeded,  only  one  to 
three  or  four  (or  rarely  six)  maturing  into  oblong  baccate  fruits.  Seeds  horizontal,  encased 
iu  a  tliin  membranaceous  arillus. 

1.  ANONA,  L.  Custard  Apple.  (Corruption  of  a  Malayan  name, 
menona  or  manoa,  not  from  the  Latin  annona,  provision  or  annual  produce.)  — 
Tropical  American  trees,  early  carried  found  the  world:  the  following  natural 
to  S.  Florida.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  446;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  27. 

A.  laurifolia,  Dfnal.  Tree  10  to  30  feet  high,  glabrous:  leaves  oval  to  oblong:  outer 
petals  inch  or  two  long,  ovate  or  subcordate;  inner  obovate,  somewhat  cucullate-concave : 
fruit  (hardly  edible  in  the  manner  of  the  cultivated  custard  apples)  3  or  4  iuches  long,  the 
carpels  all  completely  fused  at  maturity  into  a  smooth-rinded  apple-like  or  pear-sliaped  mass. 
—  Monog.  Anon.  6.5  (Catesb.  Car.  ii.  67,  t.  67);  DC.  Prodr.  i.  84;  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  603; 
Sargent,  U.  S.  10th  Census,  ix.  23.^  Porc.elia  pnrvi flora,  Audubon,  Birds  Amer.  ii.  t.  162 
(and  in  8vo  ed.  v.  14,  t.  281).  —  Low  islands  and  everglades,  S.  E.  Florida.  (W.  Ind., 
S.  Am.) 

2.  ASIMINA,  Adans.  Papaw  of  N.  Americans.  (Abbreviation  of 
Assiminier  of  the  French  colonists,  who  took  the  name  from  the  Indians.)  — 
Consists  of  a  small  tree  and  three  or  four  low  shrubs  of  Atlantic  U.  S.,  not  aro- 
matic, but  bruised  herbage  and  bark  unpleasantly  heavy-scented :  flowers  ill- 
scented  ;   solitary  or  few  in  a  fascicle,  produced  from  the  axils  of  preceding  or 

1  Add  syn.  1  A.  glabra,  L.  Spec.  i.  537  (Catesb.  Car.  ii.  64,  t.  64).  The  identity  of  this  species 
with  Dunal's,  of  later  description,  has  been  maintained  by  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  ii.  616,  &  Silv. 
i.  29,  t.  17,  18;  but  the  Linnsean  species,  founded  solely  upon  Catesby's  flowerless  figure  with  obvi- 
ously erroneous  habitat,  is  certainly  too  indefinite  to  be  satisfactorily  revived.  Especially  is  this  the 
case,  as  Catesby,  upon  whose  two  figures  the  species  were  founded,  evidently  regarded  them  as  rlif- 
fereut  plants. 


Asiminu.  ANONACE^. 

present  leaves,  strongly  protogynous :    fruit  edible.     Ariilus  very  distinct  in  ,1, 
grandiflora  and  A.  jjygvuva.  —  P\am.  ii.  3G5;    Dunal.  1.  r.  81  ;    DC.  I.  c  h7  ; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  67,  t.  2G,  27  ;  IJeuth.  &  Ilouk.  Gen.  i.  2\  (but  iielongs  Uj  il.eir 
tribe  Uvariece)  ;  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  IGl.^     Orchulocai-jtum,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  3'2'J. 
#  Flowers  (iu  early  spring)  from  the  axils  of  the  ilocidiioiis  leaves  of  the  prerodinp  vi'ur, 
therefore  from  woody  stems :    nasceut  slioots  aud  foliage  also  calyx  pulnjufeut;    leaves 
comparatively  broad,  short-pctiolcd. 
-1—  Leaves  meinl»rauaceous,  ample,  aeute  or  acuminate,  coj)iously  jiinnately-veined,  the  retir- 
ulatioii  of  veinlets  iucouspicuous :  pubescence  of  calyx  and  iiatw-ent  leaves  sericeous  and 
ferrugineous :   petals  moderately  accrescent,  from  lurid  green  becoming  brown  purpK-,  in 
l)oth  series  ovate,  not  very  unlike,  the  inner  moderately  concave  and  not  rimose-thickcued 
nor  corrugated  at  base  within. 
A.  triloba,  Dunal.     (Papaw.)     Tree  20  to  40  feet  high,  also  flowering  as  a  low  shrnl>: 
leaves  at  maturity  half  a  foot  to  a  foot  long,  obovate-obloug  with  tapering  base:  tlowera  on 
brown-pubesceut  pedicels  of  about  their  own  length  :  outer  petals  half  inch,  accrescent  Ui  an 
inch  in  length:  carpels  few:  style  distinct  and  with  short  iutrorse  stigma:  ovules  niiiiu-rous 
iu  two  series :  fruits  sometimes  3  maturing  (whence  the  specilic  name),  commonly  only  one  or 
two,  the  larger  about 4  inciies  long,  filled  with  sweet  somewhat  arnm:itic  but  mawkish  pulp: 
seeds  several,  oblong,  compressed,  an  inch  long.  —  Monog.  Anon.  83  ;  DC.  1.  c. ;  Gnimp.  <  »tlo 
&  Hayne,  Abbild.  Holzarten,  66,  t.  53 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  68,  t.  26,  27 ;    Hook.  f.  Hot.  M:ig. 
t.  .'3854.2     ^(    cumpaniflorn  &  A.  conoiden,  Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  vii.  528,  530.     Annoua  Irilnlni, 
L.  Spec.  i.  537  (Catesb.  Car.  ii.  t.  85) ;  Marsh.  Arbust.  10;  Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb.  Am.  iii.  161, 
t.  9;  .Schk.  Handb.  t.  149.     Aiionu  triloba,  Nouv.  Duham.  ii.  83,  t.  25.     Orchidorarpum  arieti- 
nitm,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  329.    Porcelia  triloba,  Pers.  Syn.  ii.  95;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  383.    Uvaria  trdulxi, 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  45;    Baill.  Hi.st.  PI.  i.  193,  f.  220-228.8  — A lluviiil  soil  along  streams, 
W.  New  York  and  adjacent  Can;ida  to  Michigan  and  Iowa,  south  to  Middle  Florida  and 
K.  Te.xas.* 
A.  parviflora,  Dcxal.      Shrub  2  to  5  feet  high,  branching  above:    leaves  smaller  aud 
rather  thicker,  from  obovato  to  spatulate :  flowers  fully  hhlf  smaller,  very  short-pedicel  led : 
petals  less  accrescent  and  less  unequal:  stigma  sessile:  ovules  about  10,  nearly  in  a  single 
series:  fruit  oblong  or  p^'riform,  an  inch  or  so  long:   seeds  few,  turgid,  half  inch  long. — 
Monog.  Anon.  82,  t.  9 ;  YiC.  1.  c. ;  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  41  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  15.     Orchidocur/mm  parvijhirum, 
Michx.  Fl.  i.  329.     Porcelia  parviflora,  Pers.  1.  c. ;  Pursh,  1.  c.     Umria  juirvijlorn,  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  45.  —  Dry  sandy  soil,  N.  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Alabama. 
■*—  •»—  Leaves  furfuraceous-tomentulo.se  when  young,  in  age  chartaceous  and  with  conspicn- 
ous  reticulation  of  veinlets,  mostly  retuse  or  obtu.sc,  comparatively  small  :  flowers  often  in 
pairs  or  with  a  leafy  shoot  from  ilic  same  axil :  |)etals  white ;  outer  much  :»ccrescent.  or- 
bicular and  at  length  oltovate;   inner  much  smaller,  with  saccate-concave  bjise.  puride 
within  and  rimose-corrugate :    ovaries  densely  pubescent,  tipped  with  a  .sessile  depres.«ed 
stigma;  fruits  an  inch  or  two  long,  several-seeded;  seeds  ovate-ov:»l.  flattened. 
A.  grandiflora,  Dunal.     Stems  2  to  5  feet  high :  leaves  tomentulose  both  sides,  only  gla 
brate  iu  age,  sijatuLite-oblong  to  obovate  or  oval;  the  larger  3  or  4  inches  long  and  I  or  2 
wide :  outer  pet.als  when  full  grown  2  inches  or  more  in  length,  and  3  or  4  times  the  length 
of  the  inner,  these  for  the  upper  half  with  revolute  margius.  —  Monog.  Anon.  84.  t.  11;   DC. 
Prodr.  i.  86;    VAl.  Sk.  ii.  42;    Chapm.  Fl.  15.     Anona  ip-andijlorn.  Rartr.  Trav.  (Am.  eti.) 
t.  2.     Annona  obovata,  AVilld.  Spec.  ii.  1269.     Orc/iidocurpum  (jrandijlnnim,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  .13(1. 
Porcelia  fjraytdi/lora,  Pers.  1.  c. ;    Pursh,  1.  c.     Uvarin  oborala,  Torr.  &  Gniy,  Fl.  i.  45. — 
Sandy  woods,  S.  Georgia  and  Florida;  first  coll.  by  Rartram.     He  desi Til>es  the  flowers  as 
sweet-scented,  "  the  fruit  of  the  size  and  form  of  a  small  cucumber,  containing  a  yellow 
pulp  of  the  consistence  of  a  hard  custard,  aud  very  delicious  whole^iome  food."     Fl.  Man-fi, 
April. 

1  Add  Sar<!;ent,  Silv.  i.  21,  with  conspectus  of  spi-c-ies. 

2  Ad.l  Lloyd  Bros.  Am.  Drugs  &  Med.  ii.  49,  t.  33,  f.  1-20-125;  Sargent.  Silv.  i.  23,  t.  1.1.  Hi. 

3  .Add  Bull.  Son.  Linn,  de  Paris,  651. 

4  Pmf.  Sarsjent,  I.  c  cxlcii.ls  the  wiiiL'n  to  Iv  I'omisvlvaiiia  .-vuil  v\\  the  wtst  to  K.  K.iiis.is. 


64  AXONACEiE.  Asimiua. 

A.  CUneata,  Shutti.eworth.  Less  pubescent,  a  foot  or  two  high  :  leaves  smaller,  an  iucli 
or  two  long,  even  the  nascent  ones  often  quite  glabrous  above,  becoming  coriaceous  in  age : 
pedicels  solitary ;  outer  petals  1  to  IJ  inches  long,  only  twice  the  length  of  the  inner. — 
Uistr.  coll.  liugel,  8;  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  163.  A.  reticuluta,  Chapni.  Fl.  ed.  2,  603,  not 
Shuttleworth.  —  Pine  barrens  of  S.  Florida;  near  L.  Monroe,  Rugel,  in  fruit.  Coll.  in 
flower  by  Palmer,  Feay,  Ilavard,  the  last  in  February ;  later  also  by  Curtiss. 
*  *  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  of  extant  subcoriaceous  and  reticulate-veiny  subsossile 
leaves,  produced  in  spring  and  early  summer  :  outer  and  inner  petals  strongly  dissimilar: 
styles  distinct:  ovules  8  to  10:  floweriug  stems  mostly  simple  and  suffruticose  from  a 
thickened  woody  base  or  stock :  herbage  quite  glabrous  from  the  first  or  very  nearly  so : 
fruit  an  inch  long  or  more,  few-seeded  :  seeds  globose-ovate,  little  compressed. 
A.  angustif olia,  Gray.  Stems  2  or  3  feet  high,  erect :  leaves  elongated,  from  narrowly 
linear  (5  or  6  inches  long  by  2  to  4  lines  wide)  to  narrowly  spatulate  (3  to  5  inches  long  and 
half  or  tliree  fourths  inch  wide)  :  flower  white,  large,  commonly  erect:  outer  petals  much 
accrescent,  1^  to  2  inches  long,  oblong;  inner  much  smaller,  lanceolate  above  the  strongly 
concave  internally  purple  and  longitudinally  corrugate-thickened  base :  ovaries  almost 
glabrous.^  —  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  163.  Orckidocarpum  pjjgnia'um,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  330,  &  Porcdia 
)ii/(jmaa,  I'ers.  Syn.  ii.  95,  in  part.  Asimtna  pj/rpnoia,  Dunal,  1.  c.  t.  10;  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  43, 
mainly;  Chapm.  Fl.  15,  in  part.  A.  pt/gmcea,  v&r.,  Curtiss,  distr.  87*.  Uvaria  pi/gmcra, 
Torr.  «&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  45,  mainly.  —  Sandy  pine  woods,  Florida  and  adjacent  Georgia.  Parts 
of  the  flower  occasionally  in  fours. 
A.  pygmsea,  Dvnal,  1.  c.  excl.  syn.  Stems  a  foot  or  two  high,  commonly  declined  or 
arcuate  :  leaves  from  cuueate-linear  to  oblong,  1  to  4  inches  long,  half  inch  to  full  incli  wide, 
much  reticulated :  flowers  strongly  nodding,  mostly  brown  purple  ;  outer  petals  ovate, 
becoming  ovate-lanceolate  or  spatulate,  seldom  over  half  inch  long,  not  broader  nor  be- 
coming much  longer  than  the  thicker  and  broadly  ovate  inner  ones.  —  Ell.  1.  c.  in  part; 
Curtiss,  distr.  87  ;  Gray,  I.e.  164.  Anona  pygmau,  Bartr.  Trav.  (Am.  ed.)  t.  1.  Uvaria 
]i)/gm(pa,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  in  part.  Asimina  secnndijiora,  &  A.  reticulata,  Shuttleworth  in 
distr.  coll.  Bugel,  10  &  9,  the  former  just  the  plant  described  and  figured  by  Bartram  ;  the 
latter  a  smaller-flowered  form  with  oblong  or  linear-oblong  leaves  an  inch  or  so  in  length 
and  not  tapering  to  the  base.  —  Dry  pine  barrens,  E.  Florida"^  and  adjacent  Georgia,  first 
coll.  Ijy  Bartram, 

Okdeu  IV.     MENISPERMACE.i:. 

By  a.  Gray. 
"Woody  (at  least  at  base)  and  sarmentose  or  twining  plants;  with  colorless 
bitter  juice,  mostly  palmate  or  peltate  alternate  leaves  and  no  stipules,  and  small 
dioecious  flowers  ;  their  parts  3-merous  or  sometimes  4-merous,  with  hypogynous 
sepals,  petals,  and  stamens  in  two  series  of  each  (or  the  latter  more  numerous  in 
one  genus  and  petals  wanting  in  another),  the  parts  imbricated  in  the  bud  ;  the  3 
to  6  carpels  distinct,  uniovulate,  in  fruit  berry-like  drupes,  commonly  incurved  as 
they  grow,  making  the  seed  and  embryo  crescentic  or  annular,  the  latter  nearly 
the  length  of  the  scanty  albumen.  Peduncles  axillary  or  super-axillary.  Anthers 
with  normal  dehiscence,  usually  short.  Ovule  amphitiopous.  Order  nearly  all 
tropical,  except  these  few  representatives  in  Atlantic  N.  America. 

*  Floral  envelopes  plainly  of  two  sorts,  viz.  sepals  and  petals :  anthers  innate,  4-lobed  and 
mostly  4-locellate  :  carpels  becoming  incurved  aftei"  anthesis,  bringing  the  apex  of  the 
drupe  down  next  the  base  ;  the  rugose  and  grooveil  and  laterally  fl:>tteiifd  putamen 
therefore  circular  or  strongly  reniform,  bony,  and  the  seed  reiiiform  or  horse-shoe  shaped  : 
embryo  .slender,  with  long  and  narrow  cotyledons. 

1  Seeds  ovate-subglobose  with  distinct  arillus  ;  see  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  220. 
-  Since  coll.  at  Gainesville,  Central  Florida,  Miss  1  eirce. 


Mcnispennum.  MKNISPEUMACE.E.  GO 

1.  COCCULUS.  Sepals,  petals,  aud  stamens  each  6,  and  anteimsed,  Lein;:  in  sur.-ojwivo 
reujularly  alternate  threes.  Inner  sepals  larger  than  the  outer,  also  larger  liian  the  |R-tals, 
whicii  in  male  flowers  are  partly  involute  at  bjise  around  one  of  the  siiort  tilanienta.  Stani.  us 
of  female  flowers  6  flattened  sterile  filaments.  Carpels  3  to  6,  gessile  ou  the  eomrnon  reefi>- 
tacle:  styles  siiort  and  subulate,  recurved,  ventrally  stigmatnse. 

2.  MENISPERMUM.  Sepals  4  to  8.  Petals  6  t..  8  or  10;  sliorter.  Male  flowers  with  12 
to  24  stanuiis  :  (ilanicnts  filiform.  Female  flowers  with  a  slmrt  abortive  stamen  iM'fore  carh 
petal,  and  2  to  4  carpels  ou  the  summit  of  a  .short  gyimphore :  stigmas  broarl,  si-ssile  <.r 
nearly  so. 

♦  *  Divisicms  of  floral  envelopes  fewer,  all  alike  :  anthers  ajluate,  introrse,  simply  2-celled  : 
stigma  remaining  apical ;  drupe  wheu  dry  and  seed  meniscoidal:  cotyledons  broad  and 
thin,  laterally  divergent. 

3.  CALYCOCARPUM.  Sepals  6  in  two  series,  similar,  petaloid,  ohlong-obovate.  Petals 
wanting.  Stamens  in  male  flowers  12,  with  filaments  flattened  and  somewhat  dilated 
upward  ;  in  the  female  flowers  a  short  abortive  stamen  before  eiich  sepal.  Carjiels  .I.  se.-<sile  i 
ovary  fusiform  :  stigma  sessile,  peltate,  laciniately  multifid.  DrajjC  globular,  with  thin  pulp 
on  a  thin  crnstaceou.s  putamen,  which  is  broadly  and  deeply  excavated  or  intruded  ventrallv, 
forming  an  acetabuliform  or  bowl-shaped  cavity,  the  transverse  and  also  longitmlinal  .^eciidn 
meniscoidal.  Embryo  also  meniscoidal,  in  tlie  tiiiu  albumen  ;  the  broad  aud  thin  cotyledons 
separate. 

1.  COCCULUS,  DC.  (Diminutive  of  ko/cko?,  a  horry,  applitnl  by  Banhin 
to  the  Oocculus  Indicus  of  comtncrce.)  —  Mainly  Asiatic  and  African  species ; 
ours  slender-stemmed  and  low-twining,  variable-leaved.  —  Syst.  i.  515,  in  part; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  71,  t.  28;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  36. 

C  Carolinus,  I^C.  Tomentulose  :  leaves  long-petioled,  ovate  or  cordate  and  entire,  or  some 
ha.stately  .3-lobed  or  even  sinuately  .Globed,  thinnish,  glabrate  or  glabrous  above :  flowers 
greenish,  in  either  short  or  lengthened  racemiform  panicles :  fruit  red,  3  lines  in  diameter. — 
Syst.  i.  524;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  47;  Gray,  1.  c.  72,  t.  28;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  iii.  2,  f.  2-t; 
Miers,  Contrib.  Bot.  iii.  253.  Cixsnmpelos  smilacina,  L.  Spec.  ii.  10.'J2,on  Catesb.  Car.  i.  t.  51. 
Menispermum  Carolinum,  L.  Spec.  i.  340.  M.  Carolinuwum,  Hill,  \'cg  Syst.  xvi.  t.  27,  f.  1  , 
Walt.  Car.  248.  Baumgartia  scundens,  Moench,  Meth.  650.  Audrophi/hix  scandetig,  Wendl. 
Bot.  Beobacht.  38.  Wendlandia  popidifolia,  Willd.  Spec.  ii.  275  ;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  252.  W.  Caro- 
liniana,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  241.  Cocculidium  popidifolium,  Spach,  Hist.  Vcg.  viii.  17.i  Var.  hed,- 
raceafolms,  Mier.s,  I.e.  (Menispermum  Virgmkum,  L.  I.e.,  founded  on  Dill.  Kith.  223,  t.  178). 
is  no  more  than  a  form  with  a  few  of  the  leaves  sinuately  5-lobeii     C.  sftgifin/Jlus,  Miers. 

1.  c.  255,  from  San  Felipe,  Texas,  Dnmnnond,  nmst  be  another  form,  with  more  hastate  foli- 
age. —  River-banks,  Virginia  and  S.  Illinois  to  Florida  and  Texas;  fl.  summer. 

C.  diversifolius,  DC.  Puberulent  and  glabrate:  flowering  stems  filiform  :  leaves  short- 
})elioled,  small,  cbartaceous,  lucid,  varying  from  linear  and  lanceolate  (with  ril>s  panllel)  to 
ovate  or  cordate  and  sometimes  3-lobed  ;  flowers  greenish  yellow  :  fruit  apparently  purple.  — 
Hemsl.  Biol.  Cent.-Am.  Bot.  i.  21;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  318.  V.  diventlfolitu  & 
C.ohlongifohus,  DC.  Syst.  i.  52.3,  529,  &  Caiques  des  Dess.  t._  10,  11.— Southern  boniers  of 
Texas,  on  the  Kio  Grande,  Palmer,  Havard,  and  S.  Arizona,  Prhigle;  fl.  May.     (Mex.) 

2.  MENISPi^RMUM,  Tourn.  Mooxseed.  (Mrjvr],  moon,  mripun, 
seed.)  —  Partly  herbaceous  twiners,  but  woody  and  })orsistent  below  ;  with  mem- 
branaceous slender-petioled  leaves  anirnlatily  o-7-lobed  and  peltate  near  the 
base ;  the  flowers  in  small  and  loose  filoniler-podimculate  panicles,  mostly  shorter 
than  the  petioles,  greenish  or  whiti.sh,  the  stamens  bright  white  :  fl.  in  summer.  — 
MeiTi.  Acad.  Par.  1705,  237;  L.  Syst.  Nat.  id.  1,  &  Gon.  ed.  3.  3r,2,  in  part; 
Lam.  111.  t.  824;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  73,  t.  20  ;  Maxim.  Diag.  PI.  Nov.  Asiat.  v. 
647,  t.  2.     Consists  of  the  following  species  and  one  of  E.  Asia. 

1  Add  .syn.  Cchntha  CarnUna,  Rritton,  Mem.  '"  ■  < 

G 


66  MENISPERMACEiE.  Mcnispcnnum. 

M.  Canadense,  L.  Somewhat  pubescent  wlien  young,  glabrate ;  leaves  peltate  close  to  tlic 
broadly  dilated  subcordate  base :  petals  ouly  half  the  length  of  the  inner  sepals,  flattish, 
much  shorter  than  the  10  to  20  stamens  of  the  male  flowers :  abortive  stamens  of  the  female 
flowers  one  before  each  petal  and  of  its  length  :  stigmas  obovate  or  reniform,  sessile  :  fruit 
ripening  late  in  autumn,  resembling  small  grapes,  blue-black  with  a  copious  bloom.  —  Spec. 
\.  340;  Michx.  F\.  ii.  241 ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1910  j  Schk.  Handb.  t.  337  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,ri. 
i.48;  Miers,  Contrib.  Bot.  iii.  115, t.  110.  J/.  an9u/«tu//i,  Ma'nch,  Meth.  277.  ]\I.  smilncinum, 
DC.  Syst.  541.  Cissampelus  siiiilacina,  Jacq.  Ic.  Rar.  iii.  t.  629,  not  L. — Alluvial  ground, 
along  streams  ;  Canada  to.lNIinuesota  and  Winnipeg,  south  to  Georgia  and  Alabama  in  the 
upper  districts. 

3.  CALYCOCARPUM,  Nutt.  (KoAu^,  a  cup  or  shell,  KapTro'?,  fruit,  the 
dry  shell  of  the  drupe  with  a  cup-like  hollow  ou  one  side.)  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  48  (§  of  Menispermum)  ;  Gray,  Gen.  Jll.  i.  75,  t.  30,  &  Man.  ed.  5, 
52 ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  35  ;  Miers,  1.  c.  24,  t.  89.  —  Single  species. 

C.*"Ijy6lli,  Gray.i  Climbing  e:;tensively,  sparsely  hirsute  when  young:  leaves  ample 
and  long-petioled,  membrcinaceous,  open-cordate  at  base,  not  peltate,  deeply  3-5-lobed,  lobes 
ovate  and  acuminate :  panicles  of  small  white  flowers,  loose  and  slender,  male  much  elon- 
gated :  drupe  nearly  inch  long,  black  when  ripe,  globose  when  fresh,  with  ventral  face  at 
length  flattened,  and  when  the  dried  epicarp  breaks  away  disclosing  the  deep  cavity  of  the 
putamen,  its  border  then  more  or  less  denticulate-crested.  —  Gen.  111.  i.  76,  t.  30;  Chapm.- 
Fl.  16;  Baill.  Hist.  PL  iii.  13,  39.  Menispermum  Lyoni,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  371;  DC.  Syst.  i. 
541 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  —  Moist  woods,  in  alluvial  soil,  Kentucky  and  S.  Illinois  to  Missouri, 
and  south  to  Florida  and  Texas;   fl.  late  spring  and  summer. 


Order  V.     BERBERIDACEiE. 

By  a.  Gray  ;  the  genus  Vancouveria  revised  by  B.  L.  RoniNSON. 

Shrubs  or  herbs  with  colorless  juice  but  yellow  wood  and  bark  in  Berberis ; 
leaves  commonly  with  stipular  dilated  and  marginal  bases  to  the  petioles  or  ob- 
viously stipulate ;  symmetrical  and  hermaphrodite  hypogynous  flowers,  with 
imbricate  spstivatiou,  and  parts  all  distinct  and  3-merous  (rarely  2-  or  4-merou8)  ; 
sepals,  petals,  stamens,  and  sometimes  bractlets  in  two  series  of  each  (or  occa- 
sionally more),  that  is,  taken  as  wholes  regularly  anteposed  throughout ;  anthers 
opening  by  upliited  valves ;  carpel  normally  only  one ;  seeds  anatropous,  with  a 
straight  or  straightish  embryo  in  fleshy  or  horny  albumen.  Parts  of  flower 
deciduous.  Podophyllum  and  AcMys  are  anomalous  exceptions,  as  seen  below. 
The  Lardizabalece  are  an  order  between  this  and  the  Afenispermacece. 

*  Slirnbs,  with  compound  but  often  nnifoliolate  (and  seemingly  simple)  alternate  leaves. 

1.  BERBERIS.  Sepals  6  (besides  2  or  3  l)racts),  somewhat  petaloid.  Petals  6,  concave  and 
ascending  or  erect,  2-glandular  next  the  base  within.  Stamens  6,  short.  Stigma  peltate 
and  umbilicate.     Ovules  few,  ascending  from  base  of  the  cell.  'Fruit  a  berry,  sometimes 

.  dry.     Seeds  with  crustaceous  coat. 

*  *   Perennial  herbs,  with  deciduous  ovary  and  mostly  a  single  pair  of  ovules  from  base  of 
the  cell ;  these  becoming  naked  drupaceous  seeds :  leaves  temately  decompound. 

2.  CAULOPHYLLUM.  Sepals  6,  usually  ^vith  3  or  4  bractlets  underneath.  Petals  6, 
much  shorter,  nectariferous,  flabelliform  and  fleshy,  short-uuguiculate.     Stamens  6,  short. 

1  Dr.  Gray  in  his  manuscript  (as  in  the  5th  edition  of  Manual)  ascribes  tlii.s  species  to  Nuttall. 
Th«  combination  C.  Lyoni,  however,  was  first  made  in  Gray's  Gen.  Fl).  i.  7f!  ulirvM  th.  if.  j.s  no  refer- 
ence to  Nuttall.    The  species  must  accordingly  stand  as  Dr.  Gray's. 


Dcrbfris.  BKRHEUIDACK-i:.  07 

Ovary  ovoid:  subulate  sliort  style  with  iiitrorse  stigina.  Sccfls  stipitato  on  their  tl 
clavate  funiculi,  glDlxise,  with  a-flcsiiyaud  at  lr»ngtli  pulpy  coat ;  the  vi-ry  hard  ; 
deeply  unibilicate  at  tlio  liiluni.     Kmhryo  minute  at  the  centre. 

*  *  *  Anomalous  herbs,  with  no  Horal  envelopi's,  and  dry  indehiuccnt  fruit  one^ewled 
from  the  base. 

3.  ACHLYS.  Stamens  6  to  12;  filaments  elongjited,  filiform,  or  the  outer  dilaU-d  upwar«l : 
anthers  globose-didymous.  Ovary  ovoid,  surmounted  by  a  broad  sessile  stipma.  Ovnic 
solitary.  Fruit  at  first  somewhat  fleshy,  at  length  dry  and  coriaceous,  lunate-incurved,  dor- 
sally  convex  and  ca'rinate,  ventrally  excavated  each  side  of  the  fleshy  .«alient  suture  or  ventral 
appendage.     Embryo  minute.    Flowers  spicate. 

*  *  *  *  Perennial  herbs:  ovary  with  few  or  many  ovules  on  the  lateral  placenta. 

-)-   Forming  a  dry  and  dehiscent  fruit :    seeds  laterally  arillate :   embryo  minute :  leaves 

coni])ound. 

4.  VANCOUVERIA.     Sepals  6  in  two  series,  obovate,  jietaloid,  refiexeil,  and  l)cl" 
(■)  or  9  caliciue  bracts  in  2  or  3  series.     Petals  6,  uectarifurni  and  unguiculate,  i.  e.  ;i  . 
claw  bearing  a  much  shorter  cucullate  nectariferous  lamina.    Stamens  G  :  anthers  el.! 
oblong,  the  connective  produced  into  a  pointed  tip.      Ovary  2-9-ovuIate ;  stvle  slendtr; 
stigma  terminal,  truncate  and  scarious-cupulate.    Follicle  oblong,  membranaceous,  uneqiuilly 
2-valved,  in  the  manner  of  E  pi  medium,   (which  has  dimerous  flowers  and  sessile  petals  or 
nectaries).    Seeds  arcuate,  with  au  ample  lateral  arillus.     Leaves  triternate. 

5.  JEFFERSONIA.  Sepals  4,  rarely  3  or  5,  linear-oblong,  petaloid,  caducous.  Petals 
8  in  two  scries,  oblong,  plane,  larger  than  the  sepals.  Stamens  8;  anthers  oblong-liniar, 
longer  than  the  filaments.  Ovary  ovoid,  slightly  stipitate,  apex  contracted  into  a  short  style 
with  terminal  2-lobed  stigma.  Ovules  and  seeds  numerous  and  horizontal  in  several  rows 
on  the  broad  placenta.  Arillus  snwU  and  laciniate.  Fruit  ol>ovate,  tnuisversely  (or 
obliquely)  dehiscent  by  a  slit.     Leaves  2-foliolate  or  2-lobed. 

-t—  H—  Fruit  a  berry :  embryo  comparatively  large :  anthers  oblong,  longer  than  the  fila- 
ments :  rootstocks  producing  sterile  plants  of  a  single  large  and  long-stalked  leaf  and 
flowei-iug  plants  of  two  leaves ;  leaves  undivided  but  cleft  and  peltate. 

6.  DIPHYLLEIA.  Sepals  6  in  two  series  (or  the  three  outer  and  smaller  more  herbaceous 
ones  bracts),  caducous.  Petals  6,  obovate,  plane  and  larger,  spreading.  Stamens  6.  (^>vary 
5-6-ovulate  toward  the  base  of  the  placenta :  style  very  short :  stigma  terminal,  depres.sed. 
emarginate.  Berry  globular,  somewhat  gibbous,  few-seeded.  Seeds  oblong,  naked  (not 
arillate). 

7.  PODOPHYLLUM.  Bracts  3,  small  and  green,  very  early  caducous.  Scjials  6  in  two 
series,  broad  and  thin,  partly  herbaceous,  caducous.  Petals  6  to  9,  rounded-obovate,  spread- 
ing. Stamens  as  many  or  twice  as  many  as  the  petals,  or  more ;  anthers  not  with  u]difted 
valves !  Ovary  ovoid,  crowned  with  a  large  and  sessile  fungoid-lobulate  stigma.  Ovules 
and  seeds  very  numerous  in  several  rows  covering  the  very  broad  ventral  placenta ;  the  see<ls 
at  length  immersed  each  in  a  pulpy  arillus  or  arilliform  outgrowth  of  the  placenta.  Berry 
large.     In  monstrosity  2  or  3  carpels  ! 

1.  B^IRBERIS,  Tourn.  Barberry  or  Berberry.  (Arabic  name.)  — 
Widely  distributed  genus  of  shrubs ;  the  inner  bark  and  wood  yellow  :ind  charjjed 
with  a  bitter  priuciple  (berberine).  Leaves  or  leaflets  spinulose-  or  (•ili:ite-<U-ii- 
tate,  or  some  converted  into  persistent  spines.  Flowers  small,  yellow,  mostly  in 
racemes,  produced  in  spring  or  early  summer,  heavy  scented.  Filament.*!  sensi- 
tive, springing  forward  upon  a  touch  at  base  inside.  ]•■  •  ^■''  •  '■■-■':  '  '■••' 
no.  267. 

§  1.  True  Berberls.     Leaves   of  primary   axes   traii.^turnu  d    iuiu   }icr.>i.-ti  nt 
and  simple  or  triple  spines;  those  of  the  foliage  in  fascicles  from  the  axils,  in 


G8  BERBERIDACE.E.  Uerheris. 

ours  deciduous,  seemingly  simple,  but  n'ully  uiiitoliolate  and  nearly  sessile,  the 
petiole  being  extremely  short  and  articulated  with  tapering  base  or  petiole  of  the 
leaflet :  racemes  drooping :  filaments  toothless :  berries  red  and  acid,  edible. 

B.  VULGARIS,  L.  (EuROi'EAN  Barbekry.)  Slirub  3  to  9  feet  liigli,  with  rei-urving  branches : 
leaves  obovate-oblong,  closely  aud  strougly  ciliate  tliroughout  with  setiforni-spiiiulose  teetli : 
racemes  elongated,  mauy-Uowered  :  berries  oval  or  obloug. — Spec.  i.  330.  13.  Vanarlensis, 
Kaf.  Med.  ¥].  i.  82,  t.  15,  Loud.  Arboret.  i.  303,  f.  48,  aud  in  some  earlier  books.  B.  vidtjaris, 
var.  Caiittdensis,  Torr.  Fl.  N.  &  Midd.  States,  336.  B.  macracaiiiha,  laxifloru,  &  mitis,  Schlecht. 
Linnaia,  xii.  366-371.  —  Thickets  and  waste  land,  abundantly  naturalized  near  the  coast  of 
New  Euglaud,  New  Brunswick,  &c. ;    sparingly  escaped  from  gardens  elsewhere.     (Nat. 

^  from  Eu.) 

B.  Canadensis,  Pursh.  Low:  leaves  pale  or  glauccsccnt,  sjiatulatc-olilong,  sparsely 
re]jantl-denticulate  and  sliort-.^ipinulose  or  some  neai'ly  entire :  racenios  sliort  and  few- 
flowered,  and  almost  corymbiform  :  flowers  smaller  than  in  the  foregoing  :  petals  retuse  or 
emarginate :  berries  sliort-oval  to  globular.  —  Fl.  i.  219  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  .50 ;  Gray,  Gen. 
HI.  i.  80,  t.  31,  &  Man.  ed.  5,  b^.^  1  B.  vulf/aris,  Walt.  Car.  120  ;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  205.  B.  vul- 
garis, var.  Canadensis,  Ait.  Kew.  i.  479.  B.  emarginata,  Willd.  Enum.  395,  which  seems  not 
to  be  Siberian  7  B.  crenulata  (excl.  syn.  Bigel.)  &  B.  emarginata^  Schlecht.  1.  c.  362, 
372.  —  Common  in  the  Alleghauies,  along  streams,  Virginia  to  border  of  Georgia."^  (Not 
Canadian !) 

B.  Fendleri,  Gray.  Low  :  veruicose  purplish  branchlets  and  leaves  lucid  :  otherwise  like 
preceding,  but  flowers  larger  and  petals  entire.  —  PI.  Fendl.  5  ;  Kothrock  in  Wheeler,  Kep. 
vi.  60.  —  New  Mexico,  uear  Santa  Fe  and  eastward,  Fendler,  Bigelow,  Rolhrock ;  also  on  tlie 
Kio  Grande  in  S.  Colorado,  Brandegee. 

§  2.  Mahonia,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Leaves  evergreen,  all  evolute  (none  reduced 
to  spines)  and  3-several-foliolate,  the  petiole  or  rhachis  articulated  at  the  inser- 
tion of  the  leaflets.  —  Mahonia,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  211.  Odostemon,  Raf.  "  Florula 
Missurica,"  Am.  Month.  Mag.  1818,  265,  &  Med.  Fl.  ii.  247. 

*  Leaves  palmately  3-foliolate  and  no  articulation  of  petiole  below :  bud-scales  short  and 
small,  somewhat  persistent  on  the  axillary  spurs,  which  bear  fascicles  rather  than  racemes; 
filaments  toothless  :  berries  red,  acidulous,  edible.  —  §  Trilicina,  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  80. 

B.  trifoliolata,  Moricand.  (Algeritas  or  Currants  of  Texans.)  Shrub  2  to  8  feet 
high,  rigid :  leaflets  rigid  and  coriaceous,  sessile  on  the  apex  of  the  petiole,  oblong  or 
lanceolate,  3-7-lobed  or  toothed,  the  teeth  and  tip  spinescent :  flowers  saffron-scented  : 
berries  globose,  the  size  of  peas.  —  PI.  Nouv.  Am.  \  13,  t.  69  ;  (iray,  PI.  Lindh.  ii.  142 ;  Lindl. 
&  I'axt.  Fl.  (Jard.  ii.  68,  f.  168.  Perliaps  B.  trifolinta,  Ilartw.  ex  Lindl.  Bot.  Keg.  xxvii. 
Mi.sc.  149,  &  xxxi.  t.  10  ;  Fl.  Serres,  i.  t.  56.  B.  ilicifoUa  &  B.  Rameriana,  Scheele,  Linnaa, 
xxi.  591,  &  xxii.  352.  —  Common  in  Texas,  from  the  coast  to  the  upper  country,  first  coll. 
by  Berlandier;  fl.  February,  March.  (Adj.  Mex.)  There  is  a  palmately  trifoliolate  species 
much  like  this,  but  with  generally  broader  leaflets,  and  with  bidentate  filaments  and  blue 
berries.  It  is  no.  14  of  coll.  Palmer,  south  of  Saltillo,  referred  by  Watson  to  B.  Sliiedeann, 
Schlecht.  {Mahonia  trifolia,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.) :  to  this  B.  trifoliata,  llartw,,  raised  from 
seeds  gathered  between  Zacatecas  and  San  Luis  Potosi,  and  figured  as  above,  may  Ijelong; 
but  char,  of  filaments  and  fruit  not  determined. 

*  *  Leaves  pinnately  3-1 7-foliolate,  when  reduced  to  3  leaflets,  always  having  an  articula- 
tion where  a  mi.ssing  pair  of  leaflets  would  be:  bud-scales  ovate  or  roundish,  deciduous: 
flowers  in  erect  and  coinmonly  fascicled  racemes :  filaments  with  a  pair  of  divergent  or 
recurved  teeth  near  the  apex :  berries  blue  or  rather  black  with  a  glaucous  bloom 

•h-  Fruit  becoming  dry  at  maturity  and  inflated,  globose:  inflorescence  loose. 

1  Not  of  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8,  no.  2,>A;  Hook.  f.  &  .Jackson,  Ind.  Kew.  i.  292. 

2  ALso  Shannon  Co.,  .Missouri,  Bush;  not  common. 


Berbtris.  BEUHEUI 1)  ACE.K. 

B.*  Fremontii,  Tobu.  Shrub  5  to  \-l  feet  high  :  leaflets  3  to  7,  rigidly  coriat^eoiw,  ovaU-  t4i 
.)l)lol)^^  nut  over  iiicii  loug,  rcpaiully  «>r  siiiuately  l-4-toolhed  on  ea*-h  margin,  strongly 
spiucticent ;  lowest  pair  or  an  articulation  close  to  b.ise  of  petiole:  racemes  loosely  3-7- 
(iowered  :  pedicels  .slender;  bractk-ts  small  or  minule,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  bruw'n  and 
more  or  less  scarious:  berries  at  first  blue,  becoming  dry  and  inflated  to  half  inch  in 
diameter,  6-8-seeded.  —  Hot.  Mex.  IJonnd.  30  (char,  filaments  iuappeudiculate  incorrect) ; 
Gray,  Bot.  Ives  Hep.  5;  Wat.  Bot.  King  Exp.  41G.»  — Arid  region,  W.  Texa.s  to  S.  liah 
and  Arizona,  first  coll.  by  Fremont.  (Adj.  Mex.  in  Souora,  and  Lower  Calif.; 
•»—  -<—  Fruit  white  or  nearly  ho,  large,  juicy. 

B.*  Swazeyi,  Buckl.  Shrub  with  evergreen  leaves  much  aa  in  preceding  bni  wjiii  1.  ui.  ts 
more  elliptical,  less  stoutly  spiny  and  wilii  veins  more  closely  reticuLited  and  proniim  nt 
upon  both  surfaces :  bractlets  small  but  foliaceous,  ovate  or  sul)orl)icular  :  fruit  white,  traiw- 
lucent  with  a  pale  reddish  tinge,  nearly  half  inch  in  diameter,  of  plesiaant  acid  tasto.  — 
Southern  Horticulturist,  ii.  14  (as  B.  Sivuxe;/ii) ;  Rural  Alabamian,  i.  479;  Young,  Fl.Tex. 
1.52;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  ii.  10;  riank,(iard.  &  For.  vi.  332.  —  Limestuno 
hills,  near  the  Perdalcs  Kiver,  Hays  Co.,  W.  Texas,  BucUei/,  and  again  iu  Hays  Co.,  Flank. 
H—  -t—  H—  Fruit  unknown :  leaflets  small  and  few :  inflorescence  loose. 

B.  Nevinii,  Gray,  n.  sp.     Leaflets  3  to  7,  oblong-lanceolate,  rather  evenly  and  numerously 

spinulose-serrulate,  half  to  full  inch  long,  obscurely  reticulated  ;  lowest  pair  toward  base  of 

petiole  :  raceme  loosely  5-7-flowered,  e(|ualling  or  surpa-ssing  the  leaves  •  pedicels  slenrler. — 

S.  California,  near  Los  Angeles,  Ncvin.     Shrub  7  or  8  feet  high,  on  a  sandy  plain. 

•I—  H—  -I—  -i—  Berries  juicy,  ovoid,  black  or  blue  with  a  coj)iou8  white  bloom,  called  by 

Californian  Mexicans  Lena  Amarilla,  au<\  northward   Oregon   Gm/w:   leaflets  ovate  to 

oblong,  usually  2  or  3  inches  long  :  racemes  commonly  fascicled  at  summit  of  stem  or  iu 

axils,  subsessile,  dense  and  numerously  flowered  ;  pedicels  rather  short. 

B.  pinnata,  Lag.  Shrub  3  to  6  feet  high,  very  leafy  •  leaflets  5  to  9  or  sometimes  11  to  1 7, 
lucid  above,  scarcely  paler  beneath,  repand-dentate  and  the  tcetii  aristjitely  spinescent ;  lowest 
pair  close  to  base  of  petiole.  — "  Elencli.  Hurt.  Madr.  (1803)  6,"  Nov.  (Jen.  &  Spec.  (181C) 
14;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  51  ;  Bcnth.  PI.  Ilartw.  296;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  1.");  per- 
haj)S  also  Don,  But.  Keg.  t.  702,  not  HBK.  of  Mexico.  Mahonin  fascicularis,  DC.  Syst. 
ii.  19,  as  to  plant  from  Monterey,  &  Delcss.  Ic.  Sel.  ii.  t  3.  —  Common  through  W.  Califor- 
nia from  San  Francisco  Bay  to  Monterey  (where  first  coU.  by  Nee),  and  southward. 

B.*  dictyota,  Jepson'.  Leaflets  5  to  7,  thicker,  paler,  and  less  crowded  tlian  in  tlie  last,  dull 
or  scarcely  lucid  above,  much  paler  and  glaucous  beneath,  rather  prominently  reticulated ; 
spinose  teeth  stout,  mostly  less  immerous:  flowers  in  dense  panicle.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
xviii.  319. — Marysville  Buttes,  Calif.,  Jepson,  Blankinship ;  San  Diego,  Palmpr,  CUvrland. 
The  fruit  of  the  California  plants  is  .still  unknown.  B.  Wilroxii,  Britton  &  Kearney  (Tran.<. 
N.  Y.  Acad,  ^-i  xiv.  29),  from  the  Huachnca  Mts.,  Arizona,  so  do.sely  resembles  this  sjiecies 
in  foliage  and  flowers  that  it  can  scarcely  be  maintained  without  further  distinctions,  which 
may  appear  as  both  plants  are  better  known.  The  Arizona  jjlant  has  Idue-black  l>erries  with 
a  copious  bloom.  It  differs  from  the  California  specimens  from  Marysville  Buttes  only  in 
having  slightly  thinner  and  more  finely  reticulated  leaves  and  more  acute  bracts.  The 
s])ecimens  from  San  Diego  are  in  some  respects  intermediate. 

B.  Aquifolium,  Flrsh.  Shrul)  1  to  5  feet  high :  leaflets  5  to  11,  commonly  thin-coriaceous 
and  elongated-f)blong  (2  to  4  inches  long),  numerou.sly  spinulose-dentate,  bright  green  and 
lucid  ;  lowest  pair  at  some  distance  from  base  of  petiole.  —  Fl.  i.  219,  in  i)art,  &  t.  4,  mainly  ; 
Hook.  Fl.  Bo,r.-Am.4.  29,  partly  ;  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1425;  T(.rr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  .50.  partly. 
B.  pinnata,  Lag.  1.  c.  as  to  Nutka  ]jI.  ;  Don,  Bot.  Reg.  t.  702  1  Hook.  I.  c.  28.  Mnlmuui 
Aquifolium,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  20,  mainly.  — Coast  of  Gregon  to  Brit.  Columbia,  and  e;istward  to 
near  the  sources  of  the  Columbia,  in  hilly  woods. 

B.  repens,  Lixdl.^  Dwarf,  depressed  oi»  prostrate,  rarely  rising  over  a  foot  high  :  leaflets 
3  to  7,  oval  to  oblong,  mostly  with  obtuse  or  rounded  apex,  pale  or  glaucous,  not  lucid, 

1  And  in  Gard.  &  For.  i.  496,  f.  77.    Dr.  Gray's  description  of  this  8pecit%-*  has  been  slightly  ampli- 
fied to  exclude  more  clearly  the  following  evidently  distinct  species. 

2  The  form  of  the  Pacific  Slope  attributed  to  tliis  siu'.-ics  has  somewhat  tliicker  ilullcr  Icnve^. 
It  li,-is  been  characterized  1>    !''"i'  Cr,-,,,,.  M'itinni-,.  ii.  I'.n  :i^  Ii.  rrMii  a.  an<l  is  said  not  to  bo 


70  BKltlSKUIDACE.E.  .  Berber^. 

numerously  Init  r.ither  weakly  siiinulnse doiitate;  lowest  pair  dlstaut  from  base  of  petiole. — 

Bot.  Keg.t.  11 7G,  ^^c  Jourii.  llort.  Soc.  v.  17;   Lodil.  Hot.  Cab.  t.   1847;   Brew.  &  Wats. 

Bot.  Calif,  i.  14.     B.  ncrcosa,  I'ur.sh,  Fl.  t.  5,  as  to  flowers  only.     B.  pinmila,  Mulil.  Cat.  3G. 

B.  AquifoUum,  Pursli,  1.  c  219,  mainly  as  to  descr. ;  also  Hook.  1.  c.  29;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. 

as  to  glaiuous  form;    Gray,  1*1.   Fendl.  5,  &,c.     B.  Aijui/oliitin,  vnr.  rejiens,  Ton:  &  (>ray, 

Pacif.  li.  Kep.  iv.  63,  &c.^     Mahonia  AquifoUum,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  212,  &  Jour.  Acad.  Pliilad. 

vii.  11.  —  Koeky  Mountains  and  Brit.  Columbia  from  lat.  55°  to  northern  part  of  Sierra 

]S'evada  of  California  and  to  New  Mexico,  eastward  to  Wyomiug.'- 

*  *  *  Leaves  piunately  13-1 7-foliolate;  bud-scales  large,  coriaceo-glumaceous  and  persist- 
ent :  racemes  few  from  the  bud  or  solitary,  erect,  elongated :  fihinicnts  toothless .  berries 
black  or  dark  purple  with  a  copious  bloom. 

B.  nervosa,  Puksh.  Simple  stems  rising  only  a  few  inches  above  ground:  leaves  elongated, 
often  a  foot  or  more  long,  with  conspicuously  uodose  articulations:  leaflets  glaucescent, 
thick-coriaceous,  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  somewhat  nervose-veiny,  spinulose  dentate ;  lowest 
pair  above  base  of  petiole :  scales  of  the  strong  terminal  bud  about  iiuii  long,  lanceolate 
from  a  broad  base  and  cuspidate-attenuate,  striolate :  ])edicels  shorter  tlian  the  glolfose  juicy 
berries.  —  Fl.  i.  219,  t.  5,  excl.  flowering  portion  ;  Hook.  1.  c. ;  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  ser.  2, 
t.  171 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  51  ;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3949.  B.  gluir.acea.  Spreng.  Syst.  ii.  120 ; 
Lindl.  1.  c.  t.  1426;  Lodd.  1.  c.  t.  1701.  Maltonia  nervosa  (Xutt.  (ien.  i.  212),  &  M.  ijlumacca, 
DC.  Syst.  ii.  20,21.  —  In  woods,  Oregon,  Washington,  and  Brit.  Columbia;  fl.  early  spring, 
fr.  May,  June. 

2.  CAULOPH"^LLUM,  Michx,  Blue  Cohosh.  (KauAo?,  stem,  4>v\Xcv, 
leaf,  the  stem  seeming  like  a  stalk  to  the  large  compound  leuf.)  —  Fl.  i.  204, 
t.  21 ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  43.  —  Single  species. 

C.  thalictroides,  Michx.  1.  c.  205.  Glaucescent  herb,  with  simi)le  stems  a  foot  or  two  high 
from  a  thickened  knotty  rootstock,  naked  below,  bearing  toward  the  top  a  se.ssile  3-ternate 
leaf,  the  jirimary  petiolules  of  which  are  as  thick  as  the  continuation  of  the  stem  and  en- 
larged at  the  common  insertion  ;  above  commonly  a  second  and  smaller  2-ternate,  and  even 
a  tliird  small  and  less  compound  leaf;  leaflets  cuneate-obovate  or  olilong,  very  veiny,  ter- 
minal 3-lobed  at  summit  and  the  lateral  2-lobed,  and  sometimes  incised :  flowers  in  small 
and  loose  terminal  and  axillary  cymo.'^e  clusters  or  panicles,  yellowish  green  and  lurid 
purplish,  small :  ovary  bursting  and  falling  away  as  the  seeds  form ;  the  latter  as  large  as 
peas,  berry-like,  blue  with  a  bloom.  — Pur.sh,  Fl.  i.  218;  Kaf.  Med.  Fl.  i.  97,  f.  19;  Gray, 
Man.  ed.  5,  53.  Leontice  thalictroides,  L.  Spec.  i.  312 ;  K.  Br.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  145,  t.  7  ; 
Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1473 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  52  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  82,  t.  32.3  Actaia  brachi/- 
petala,  var.  ccerulea,  DC.  Syst.  i.  385.  —  Woods  in  rich  soil,  New  Brunswick  and  Canada  as 
far  as  the  Great  Lakes,*  south  to  Missouri,  Kentucky,  and  mountains  of  Carolina;  ii.  s]iriiig, 
fr.  autumn.     (Japan  &  Anuir.) 

3.  ACHLYS,  DC.  ('AxXi^'s,  the  goddess  of  obscurity,  says  DC.)  —  Syst. 
ii.  35  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  30,  t.  12 ;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  376 ;  Baill. 
Hist.  PI.  iii.  60,  75.  —  Consists  of  the  following  species  and  one  in  Japan  very 
like  it. 

A.  triph^^Ua,  DC.  1.  c  Herb  with  filiform  creejiing  rootstocks,  terminated  ]>y  a  strong  and 
scaly  winter  bud,  whence  proceed  in  spring  one  or  two  long  petioles  bearing  on  the  apex 
3  ample  flabelliform  and  sinuate-dentate  leaflets ;  also  a  leafless  scape  terminated  by  a  slender 

at  all  sarraentose.     The  material  of  this  form  in  eastern   collections  is   nnforttuiately  limited  and 
fragmentary. 

1  Add  syn.  B.  XiUkann,  Kearney,  Trans.  N.  Y.  A#ad.  Si'i.  xiv.  29.  One  of  Li'wis's  original  speci- 
mens from  the  Columbia  River  and  now  in  the  herbarium  of  the  Philadelpliia  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  has 
certainly  the  lucid  acute  leaflets  of  B.  Aqidfnlium  as  ordinarily  interpreted. 

2  A  round-leaved  form  from  Bellemoiit,  Nebraska,  has  been  collected  by  Webber. 

3  Fnerste.  Bull.  Torr.  Club.  xiv.  139,  where  some  formal  variations  are  indicated;  Lloyd  Brcs. 
Am.  Drugs  &  Med.  ii.  141-162. 

4  Westward  to  Cass  Co.,  Nebraska,  ace.  to  Swezev,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix.  94. 


Jejfcrsunia.  IJEUIJElilDACEiK.  71 

deiiyely  flowered  nakcil  8])ike ;    tlio  wliile  lilaiiieutH  ami  Hinall  ovary  making  up  : 
flower;    nut-like  fruit  barely  3  linos  long.  —  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  .VI;   Brew.  &  \\ 
Calif,  i.  IC.     lAuiiticc  triiild/l'la.  Smith  in  Kees,  ("yd.  xx.  no.  1.  —  WomU,  Brit.  C.<iimii.,.i  i.. 
northern  part  of  Califurnia,  near  the  coa.st ;  fl.  sprinj^. 

4.  VANC0UV:£RIA,  Morr.  &  Deesue.  {Cupt.  Geor;/e  Vancouver, 
commander  of  the  Discovery  iu  the  voyage  to  our  northwest  coast  in  1701-95, 
of  which  Menzies  was  surgeon  and  botanist.)  —  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  ii.  'J51  ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  52;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  44;  Gray.  1.  c.  375;  Hrew. 
&  Wats.  I.e.  15.  —  Three  species  of  the  Pacific  Slojje.  [Revised  by  H.  L. 
Robinson.] 

♦  Leaves  thin,  nienibranaceous,  soon  perishing  after  the  m.iturinp  of  the  fruit,  tlieir  edppu 
flat  or  nearly  so,  not  indurated. 

v.*  hexandra,  Mokr.  &  Decsnk,  1.  e.  About  a  foot  liigh,  from  f^lender  and  lignps<-ent 
creeping  root-stocks,  glabrous  or  sparsely  pilo.se  :  leaves  all  or  mostly  radical,  ."J-ternate  and 
with  slender  common  and  partial  petioles:  leaflets  rounded  and  cord.ite  or  sul.conbt*. 
mostly  angulately  .3-lobed  or  repand  and  margin  oliscurcly  undiilate-crenulate  or  entire :  scape 
naked,  or  sometimes  oue-leaved  at  ba,se  of  the  simple  or  liranchcd  loose  pauide ;  pediceU 
filiform,  recurving:  flowers  white  or  cream-colored.  —  Garden,  xxx.  263,  fig.  '.  V.  /ilnni- 
petala,  S.  Calloni,  iMalpighia,  i.  266.  Ei>imedlum  hernndrum.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.30,t.  13, 
dissections  not  very  good. —  In  coniferous  woods  near  the  coast,  Brit.  Columbia  (Vancouver 
Island)  to  Northern  and  Central  California,  first  coll.  by  Menzies ;  fl.  spring. 

*  #  Leaves  much  thicker,  somewhat  coriaceous,  narrowly  cartilaginous-margined,  often 
crenulate  or  crisped  at  the  edges,  persisting. 

v.*  chrysantha,  Greene.  Stems  rusty  villous  pubescent,  firmer  th.in  in  the  preceding: 
tliickish  leaflets  sub-3-lobcd,  glabrous  and  reticulated  above,  whitened  and  pubescent  beneatli. 
margins  only  slightly  crisped,  revoluto  iu  places:  inflorescence  sub-racemose,  .5-18-flowored. 
covered  with  dense  dark  glandular  pulie.scence :  flowers  a  little  larger  than  in  the  last,  golden 
yellow  :  sepals  3  or  4  lines  long :  ovules  7  or  8.  —  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  66.  1'.  hfjr.tu.lra. 
var.  chri/snntha,  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  100.  V.  aurea,  Greene  (uhi?)  ace.  to  Kattan,  Au.il.  Key, 
17.  K  hexandra,  var.  anrea,  Rattan,  1.  c. ;  Wats.,./jf/e  Howell,  Cat.  I'l.  Oreg.  1.  —  Oregon, 
at  Waldo.  Rotta,,,  and  Coast  Mts.,  Curry  Co.,  T.  Howell.  A  weU  marked  species  readily 
distinguished  from  the  preceding  by  its  thicker  foliage  and  larger  more  deeply  colored 
corolla,  from  the  following  by  its  very  different  flowers  as  well  as  pubescence. 

v.*  parviflora,  Greene.  Rootstock  much-branched  :  stems  numerous  in  groups :  foliage 
much  as  in  the  preceding ;  leaflets  more  or  less  3-lobed  or  suborbicular,  more  di.stinctly 
crenulate-crisped  :  inflorescence  more  paniculately  branched  with  flowers  commonly  imuh 
more  numerous  (2.5  to  35  or  more),  scarcely  half  as  large :  ovules  but  2  or  3.  — Pittonia.  ii. 
100.  V.  hexandra,  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c,  in  part.  — Abundant  upon  hillsides,  Central  Cali- 
fornia, Bifjelow,  Anderson,  Bolander,  Greene,  &c. 

5.  JEFFERS6NIA,  Barton.  Twin-Leaf.  {TJiomas  Jefferson,  author 
of  Notes  on  Virginia,  originator  of  the  first  expedition  across  the  Rocky  :\Ioun- 
taius  to  the  Pacific.)  —  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  iii.  342.  and  plate;  Michx.  Fl. 
i.  236;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  85,  t.  34.  —  Single  Atlantic-American  species,  but 
/.  dubia,  Plrifjlorhegma  duhiiim,  Maxim.  Prim.  Fl.  Amur.  34.  t.  2,  of  N.  E.  Asia, 
is  almost  certaiuly  another. 

J.*  binata,  Barton,  1.  c.^  Glauccscent  and  glabrous,  tufted  from  short  matted  nK.t.«t.ick8. 
producing  below  innumerable  fibrous  roots,  sending  up  simple  one-flowered  naked  wape. 
(4  or  in  fruit  8  to  10  inches  high),  these  at  length  overtopped  by  the  l..ng  nidical  iM-tiolo... 
which  bear  a  pair  of  sessile  semi-cordate  (either  siuuate-lohulate,  repand  or  entire)  vemy 

1  Name  altered  from  ./.  diphi/lla,  ace.  to  Dr.  Omy's  statement  in  ms.  that  Bar' 
have  been  retained,  and  in  acconlance  with  the  recently  published  Index  Ketcennf. 


72  15EUBEU1DACE.E.  Dip/u/Ilcki. 

leaflets :  flower  white ;  fruit  obovate  or  rather  uru-shaped,  thick-walled  aud  at  maturity 
coriaceous,  transversely  dehiscent  about  two  tiiirds  way  rouud  above  the  middle,  the  persist- 
cut  top  forming  a  lid. — J.  dipltylla,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  418;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1513;  Lodd.  Bot. 
Cab.  t.  10.36;  Gray,  I.e.  86,  t.  34.  ./.  Bartonis,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  237;  Kaf.  Med.  Fl.  ii.  II,  f.  5.5, 
with  J.  odorula  &  J.  lubitta,  tiie  latter  (also  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  vii.  99)  with  outer 
margin  of  leaflets  siuuate-Iobed.  /'odo//liijlliun  diphi/llum,  L.  ii]>(iv.  i.  505.  —  Kich  and  moist 
soil  in  woodi?,  X.  New  Yoric  to  Illinois  ^  and  adjacent  Canada,  south  to  Virginia  and  Ten- 
nessee, mainly  along  the  mountains;  fl.  early  spring.     Also  called  Kheumatisji-uoot. 

6.  DIPHYLLEIA,  Michx.  (At's,  double,  and  <l>vWov,  leaf.)  — Fl.  i.  203, 
t.  19,  20;  Gray,  Geu.  111.  i.  83,  t.  33.  — Single  species;  for  the  B.  Gnuji,  F. 
Schmidt,  of  Suchalin  aud  Japan,  seems  to  be  no  more  than  a  variety,  with  some 
pubescence  on  the  leaves. 

D.  cymosa,  Micnx.  l.  c.  Eootstock  horizontal  aud  with  large  contiguous  scars  on  upper 
side  left  by  annual  growths:  stout  flowering  stem  a  foot  or  two  high,  above  bearing  two 
alternate  approximate  petiolate  leaves  aud  terminated  by  a  small  corymbiform  cyme  of 
white  flowers :  leaves  thin,  very  veiny,  accrescent,  at  first  5  or  6  inches,  at  length  a  foot  or 
two  wide,  with  acutely  denticulate  margins ;  cauline  with  shallow  basal  and  deep  central 
sinus,  very  excentrically  peltate  ;  large  radical  ceutrally  peltate  and  more  equally  9-13-lobed : 
berries  as  big  as  peas,  blue  or  black-purple  with  a  bloom.  —  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1666;  Pursh, 
Fl.  i.  218;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  30;  Gray,  1.  c.  84,  t.  33,  &  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  xlii.  23.-— Springy 
ground  in  woods,  higher  mouutains  of  Virginia,  Carolina,  and  E.  Tennessee;  fl.  sj)ring. 
(N.  E.  Asia.) 

7.  PODOPH"^LLUM,  L.  May-apple,  Mandrake.  {Uov^,  foot,  and 
(f>v\Xov,  leaf,  probably  in  reference  to  the  very  large  footstock  of  the  radical 
leaves.) — Eobust  perennial  herbs  (Atlantic  N.  Amer.  and  Asiatic,  in  3  or  4 
species),  with  strong  running  rootstocks,  sending  up  in  spring  single  centrally 
peltate  leaves  from  an  undeveloped  stem,  also  mostly  2-leaved  one-flowered  stems 
with  their  leaves  very  eccentrically  peltate :  flower  large,  mostly  white :  woody 
bundles  in  stem  scattered.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  426;  Gray,  Gen.  111. 
i.  87,  t.  35,  36.     Anapodophyllum,  Tourn.  Inst.  239,  t.  122. 

P.  peltatum,  L.  Kadical  leaf  of  sterile  shoots  with  petiole  a  foot  or  more  high,  about 
tMjually  7-9-parted  into  ol)long-cuneate  and  emarginate  divisions;  leaves  of  flowering  stem  a 
pair  at  summit,  with  a  short-peduucled  flower  between  them:  stamens  12  to  18:  pulpy 
fruit  ovoid,  nearly  2  inches  long :  sometimes  flowering  stem  leafless,  a  naked  scajie  ;  some- 
times 3  alternate  leaves  or  2  uuequal  ones,  the  smaller  2-3-lobed,  sometimes  2  or  3  addi- 
tional carpels !  —  Spec.  i.  505 ;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  309  ;  Lam.  111.  t.  449 ;  Bigel.  Med.  Bot.  ii.  .54, 
t.  23;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1819;  Gray,  1.  c.  88,  t.  35,  36;  Porter,  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  117,  with 
figures  of  variaticma.'^  P.  mnntanum  &  P.  cnJJicarjmtii,  Raf.  Med.  Fl.  ii.  59,  60.  Aiutpodo- 
phi/llttm  ]>elt(itiiiii,  Ma'uch,  Meth.  277. — Low  and  alluvial  ground,  borders  of  Canada  to 
Minnesota,  Missouri,  E.  Texas,  and  Florida.     (Japan  ?) 


Order  VI.     NYMPHiEACE^. 

By  a.  Guav  ;  tliC  genus  IViiphar  by  B.  L.  Robin'son. 

Aquatic  perennial  herbs  ;  with  naked  and  one-flowered  scapes  or  peduncles, 
commonly  peltate  leaves  which  are  involute  in  the  bud ;  hermaphrodite  flowers, 
with  the  floral  envelopes  commonly  in  threes  or  fours,  or  indefinitely  numerous, 

1  Wisconsin,  Lapham.  2  Add  Lloyd  Bros.  Am.  Drugs  &  Med.  ii.  120,  121. 

3  Also  Foerstc,  Bull.  Terr.  Club,  xi.  02. 


nymi'iij:a("1-:.k.  73 

rtnd  imbricated;  carpels  either  apocarpous  or  syiicarpoiis ;  ovules  aiiatnjpous 
and  when  more  than  one  not  borne  on  tlie  ventral  suture  ;  embryo  hinall  and 
enclosed  in  a  close  sac  at  the  base  of  the  lieshy  albumen,  or  the  latter  waniinj,'  in 
the  anomalous  Nelumbium.  Rootstocks  apparently  endogenous  rather  than 
exogenous  in  structure.  The  Wateu-liliks  are  of  three  suborders,  of  \vhi«h 
the  first  is  most  simple. 

SUBORDKK  L  CABOMBEiE.  Sepals  and  petals  each  W  ((.(•casioiialiy  t)  aii.l  p.r- 
sistent  :  stamens  :}  to  IS,  and  carpels  2  to  18,  ail  fr.M-  and  dislinet;  no  evidi-nt 
disk.  Carpels  in  fruit  iiidebiscent,  somewhat  nut-like,  L'-ovuli-d  and  I'-seeded  on 
the  sides  or  on  the  ilorsal  suture,  or  when  ;j-seeded  one  usually  on  or  near  the 
ventral  suture.     Flowers  small. 

1.  CABOMBA.  Petals  I.i-aiiiiciilate  at  ba-se  aliove  a  very  short  claw.  Stamens  ;us  nianv  sw 
petals  and  sojials,  ami  njiposite  them:  anthers  short,  adnate,  extrorsc.  Caritels  2  <i"r  :j. 
Stiijma  small  ami  terminal  on  a  short  style,  depressed  or  globular.  Submi-r.scd  K-iive.s 
eapillary-multifid  and  opposite  or  verticellate. 

2.  BRASENIA.  Petals  narrow  and  plane.  Stamens  .3  or  4  times  as  manv  :  anthers  linear- 
olilong,  innate.  Carpels  4  to  18,  generally  capitate-crowded.  Stigma  sessile. and  large, 
oblong,  unilateral.     Leaves  alternate  and  entire. 

SuBORDKU  ir.  XELUMIiOXE.E.  Sepals  and  petals  indefinitely  num.-ruus  and  i.a.s.s- 
iiig-  the  one  into  the  otlier,  regidarly  indn-icated,  liypogynoiis,  inner  succe.ssively 
larger  and  more  colored,  promptly  deciduous.  Stamens  indefiiutely  numerou.s, 
hypogynous:  anthers  linear,  slightly  extrorse,  the  connective  pivdonged  into  an 
incurved  appendage.  Carpels  several  (15  to  8(»)  imm'ersed  sei)arately  in  an 
obconical  enlargement  of  the  receptacle;  ovary  globular,  with  very  short  style  and 
depressed  umbilicate  ternnual  stigma;  ovule  solitary  (rarely  a  pair)  susi*>onded. 
Fruit  an  acorn-like  nut.  Seed  exalbuminous,  filled  by  the  highly  <leveloited 
embryo;  cotyledons  thick  and  farinaceous-fieshy,  uinted  by  the  oksolete  caulicle, 
enclosing  a  plumule  of  two  or  three  developing  leaves,  from  the  first  node  of 
which  in  germination  proceed  the  earliest  roots. 

3.  NELUMBO.    The  only  genus. 

Suborder  TIT.  NYMPII^EACE.E  propkr.  Sepals  4  to  G.  Petals  numerous,  some- 
times reduced  to  or  resembling  stanunodes  or  innermost  passing  gradually  into 
stamens,  mostly  marcescent  or  decaying  away.  Stamens  very  numerous:  anthers 
adnate,  introrse.  Carpels  .several,  more  or  le.ss  uiuted  into  .several-celled  coini)ound 
ovary,  which  bears  indefinitely  numerous  ovules  upon  the  ovarian  walls.  Stigma-s 
sessile  and  radiate.  Fruit  coriaceou.s-baccate,  many-seeded.  Seed  and  embryo  as 
in  character  of  the  order.  Acaulescent  from  .stout  rootstocks,  commonly  slightly 
lactescent.  Stipules  intrafoliaceous  and  united,  sometimes  adnate  to  ba.se  t>f 
petiole. 

4.  NYMPH^A.  Sepals  and  jietiils  4  nienuis  in  nnmemns  ranks,  an-l  stamens  inrlefinitely 
numerous  passing  into  each  oilier  successively.  Scj)als  4,  piano,  hyi>ogynous,  herl>acp<iu.« 
ou  the  outer  and  somewhat  petaloid  on  the  inner  face.  Petals  ])lano.  those  of  the  oiUcnixwt 
row  often  greenish  outside,  all  olilong  or  lanceolate,  imbricated  over  and  their  Iijum's  aiin.it<) 
to  the  surface  of  the  7-.'?.')-celled  ovary;  innermost  staminodos  or  imperfect  stamens  with 
petaloid  filaments.  True  stamens  with  narrow  filaments  and  linear-oblong  anthers.  insiTto<l 
around  the  broad  summit  of  the  ovary.  This  concave  ami  tunbonate,  lincate  with  ju*  in:iny 
radiate  stigmatic  lines  as  there  are  carpels,  the  tips  of  the  latter  jiroducod  into  a»  main- 
incurved  short  processes.  Surface  of  the  spongy-baccate  fruit  bearing  the  ba.«cs  of  decaying 
sejials  or  their  scars.     Seeds  enclo.sed  in  cellular  nu-mbranaceous  .-irillus. 

6.  NUPHAR.  Sepals  .5  to  12,  concave,  roundish,  mostly  yellow  and  pofiih>id  except  gn-onixh 
base  or  outside,  coriaceous,  persistent.     Petals  10  to  20,  hyiKjgyuous,  small  and  thick,  the 


74  NYMPHiEACEiE.  Cabomba. 

iunennost  or  sometimes  all  of  them  like  stamiuodes.  Stamens  hypogyuous,  uuiuerous  aud 
densely  iiiibritated  over  tlie  receptacle  aud  arouud  the  ovary,  at  length  recurving,  rigid  aud 
persistent:  filaments  very  short;  anthers  linear ;  apex  covered  by  the  glandular  truncate 
tip  of  the  connective.  Stigmas  radiate  upon  tlie  truncate  summit  of  the  10-25-celled  ovary. 
Fruit  corticate-baccate,  naked.     Seeds  uot  arillate. 

1.  CABOMBA,  Aiiblet.  (An  aboriginal  or  unmeaning  name.)  —  Slender, 
mainly  submersed,  with  capillary-dissected  mostly  opposite  leaves,  a  few  simple 
peltate  floating  leaves  and  emersed  flowers  from  their  axils.  —  Hist.  Guian.  i.  321, 
t.  124;  Rich.  Analyse  du  Fruit,  46,  60,  &  Ann.  Mus.  xvii.  230,  t.  5;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  54 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  93,  t.  38;  Gasp.  Fl.  Bras.  iv.  pt.  2,  138,  t.  37. 
Nectris,  Schreb.  Gen.  no.  610.  —  The  following  with  three  similar  S.  Ameri- 
can species. 

C.  Caroliniana,  Gray.  Floating  leaves  oblong-liuear,  obovate  linear,  or  elongated-oblong, 
oftcu  with  a  basal  uotcli :  flowers  white,  a  pair  of  yellow  spots  on  base  of  each  petal: 
stamens  6;  anthers  oval:  seeds  costate  aud  the  ribs  muriculate.  —  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  iv. 
47  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Gardner  in  Hook.  Ic.  vii.  642 ;  Gray,  1.  c.  94,  t.  .38.  C.  Attbletii, 
Michx.  Fl.  i.  206,  as  to  N.  Am.  PI.  C.  aqitatica,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  36,  in  part.  Nerti'is  peltatn, 
Pursh,  Fl.  i.  2.39.  JV.  aquatica,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  2.30;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  416.  —  Stagnant  waters, 
N.  Carolina  in  the  low  country  aud  S.  Illinois^  to  Florida  aud  Texas.     (Cuba  '.) 

2.  BRASENIA,  Schreb.  Water-shield.  (Unexplained,  perhaps  named 
for  some  obscure  botanist.)  —  Gen.  no.  938  ;  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  23 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111. 
i.  95,  t.  39.  Hydropeltis,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  323,  t.  29;  Rich.  Ann.  Mus.  xvii.  230; 
DC.  Syst.  ii.  37.  —  Single  species,  of  wonderful  distribution. 

B.*  Schreberi,  Gmel.  Leaves  alternate,  submersed  (if  any)  unknoT\Ti ;  floating  ones  oval, 
centrally  peltate,  entire  ( 1  to  4  inches  long) :  flowers  dull  aud  dark  purple  :  stems,  peduncles, 
&c.  coated  with  a  transparent  jelly.  —  Syst.  Veg.  i.  853;  Hook.  f.  &  Jackson,  Ind.  Kew.  i. 
333.  B.  peltata,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  389;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  .55  ;  Gray,l.  c.  96,  t.  39,  and  in  ms. 
of  present  work.  The  change  to  Gmelin's  earlier  name,  evidently  overlooked  by  Dr.  (jray, 
is  in  entire  accord  -mth  his  own  practice.  B.  Hi/dropettis,  Muhl.  Cat.  55 ;  Paf.  Med.  Fl.  i.  90, 
f.  17.  B.  nymphuides,  Paill.  Hist.  PI.  iii.  82.'-'  ' Menyanthes  pellata,  Thunb.  Nov.  Act.  Uj)S. 
vii.  142,  t.  4.  M.  nijmphoides,  Thunb.  Fl.  Jap.  82.  Ilydropeltis  purpurea,  Michx.  1.  c.  324 ; 
Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1147 ;  DC.  1.  c.  38.  //.  pulla,  Salisb.  Aun.  Bot.  ii.  74.  Villarsia  peltata, 
Rcem.  &  Schult.  Syst.  iv.  178.  Limnanthemum  peltatum,  Gri.seb.  Gent.  348,  &  in  DC.  Prodr.  ix. 
1 41 .  Cabomba  peltata,  F.  Muell.  PI.  Vict.  15.  —  In  still  water,  Nova  Scotia  and  Cauada,  along 
the  Great  Lakes  to  Minnesota  and  south  to  Texas;  also  Brit.  Columbia  to  California; 
fl.  summer.     (Mex.  &  Cuba,  Japan  to  Khasia,  E.  Australia,  W.  Trop.  Africa.) 

3.  NELtJTMBO,  Tourn.,  Adans.  (Ceylonese  name  of  the  E.  Indian  species, 
tlie  Sacred  Bean.)  —  Perennial  by  slender  creeping  rootstocks,  some  internodes 
of  which  enlarge  into  a  farinaceous  propagating  tuber  with  only  a  terminal  bud, 
sending  up  very  large  orbicular  and  centrally  peltate  entire  leaves  on  long  and 
stout  petioles,  the  upper  face  concave,  and  a  scape  bearing  a  very  large  flower : 
seed  and  tubers  edible.  —  Tourn.  Inst.  i.  261 ;  Adans.  F'am.  ii.  76;  Gajrtn.  Fruct. 
i.  73,  t.  19;  Casp.  in  Miq.  Ann.  Mus.  Bet.  Lugd.-Bat.  ii.  242,  «fc  Fl.  Bras.  iv. 
pt.  2,  134.  Nehimhium,  .luss.  Gen.  68;  Turp.  Ann.  Mus.  Par.  vii.  210,  t.  11  ; 
Rich.  ibid.  xvii.  249,  t.  5  ;  DC.,  Endl.,  Beuth.  &  Hook,  (all  freely  adopting 
Nef/undo).  Ci/mnus,  Salisb.  Ann.  Bot.  ii.  75.  —  Two  species,  the  Asiatic  N.  nu- 
cifera,  Ga?rtn.,  with  white  or  rose-colored  flowers  and 

1  Dunklin  Co.,  Missouri,  Bush. 

'^  Add  syn.  B.  purpurea,  Casp.  in  Engl.  &  Prautl.  Nat.  Pflanzcnf.  iii.  Ab.  2,  6. 


Nymphaa.  NVMl'lI.KACK.K.  75 

N.  lutea,  Peks.  (Watek  Chinquapin,  Wankai-in.)  IVtalM  piile  <.r  diiif^y  yeU<.w,  ol.iu«e  : 
aiither-tip  liueardavate :  peduiirles  minutely  (^r  ohsfurdy  iiiurii-iilatc  ami  |>elitiles  littlo 
mure  so:  leaves  usually  raised  hif,'li  out  of  water,  a  foot  or  two  iu  (liaiiietcr,  on  petiole  a 
to  G  feet  loug.  — Syn.  ii.  92;  ('asp.  1.  c.  1.34;  Haill.  Hisf.  I'l.  iii.  79,  f.  79-Kl.l  X,lumbiun, 
luleiim,  Willd.  Spec.  ii.  1-259;  Miclix.  FI.  i.  317;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  46;  Torr.  &.  Cr.iv,  V\.  i  50; 
Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3753;  Gray,  (Jen.  111.  i.  98,  t.  40,  41.  \.  Jamniansi ,  DC.  .Syst.  ii.  47. 
N.  speciosum,  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iii.  332,  iu  part.  N.  />rnliii>(:t<iliim,  Willd.  1.  c  ;  DC.  1.  c.  47. 
N.  coilo/>/ti///uin,  Kaf.  Fl.  J.,ud.  22;  !)(_'.  1.  c.  Ni/mft/nKi  Xilnmio,  var.,  L.  Sj>ei-.  i.  511. 
N.  Xihtmho  &  X.  )i£utajHt(ihi,  Walt.  Car.  155,  and  even  also  A',  renl/unnis,  as  to  the  fruit, 
tliorcfore  Nchunhinin  nnifurme,  Willd.  and  Cyuinns  riiii/urmis,  I'ursh.  Ci/nmus  fhivimmu*, 
Salisb.  1.  c. ;  Piirsh,  Fl.  ii.  398,  with  C  pentapetalus.  C\i/amus  liileus,  IJartou,  Fl.  Pliilad. 
ii.  26,  &  Fl.  N.  Am.  ii.  77,  t.  63. —  In  shallow  or  rather  deep  water,  S.  Connectii-ut-'  (prol>- 
bably  of  Indian  iutruduction),  New  Jersey,  Big  Sodus  Bay,  L.  Ontario,  and  Michigan  t<i 
Minnesota,  south  to  Florida  and  Texas;  11.  summer.     (W.  Ind.,  E.  S.  Am.)^ 

4.  NYMPHS  A,  Tourn.  W.vtkr-Lilv.  (The  classical  name,  dcdicjited 
to  the  water  nyiiiplis.) — Thick  prostrate  and  creeiniig  or  tuberous  rootstocks, 
sending  up  long  petioles  and  scapes;  the  rounded  leaves  with  deep  sinus  at  ba.se. 
Flowers  showy,  mostly  fragrant,  and  opening  at  or  before  dawn  day  after  dav, 
closing  toward  evening,  commonly  produced  all  summer;  the  fruit  maturing 
under  water. —Inst.  2G0,  t.  137,  138;  L.  Gen.  no.  421;  Smith,  Pro<lr.  Fl. 
Graec.  i.  3C0,  &g.     Castalia,  Salisb.  Farad.  Lond.  14,  &  Ann.  Bot.  ii.  71.'* 

§  1.  Carpels  uncombined,  except  dorsally  with  the  common  parietes  of  tiiu 
compound  pistil,  and  ventrally  with  the  axis.  —  §  Lytopleura,  Casp. 

N.  ampla,  DC.  Eootstocks  short  and  tuheriferous :  leaves  of  orbicular  or  round  oval  out- 
line, acutely  dentate,  thickish,  very  prominently  costate  and  reticulate-veiny  underneath: 
petals  white,  lanceolate-oblong,  2  or  3  inches  long :  connective  of  anthers  prolonged  into  a 
linear  tip:  fruit  much  depressed;  .seeds  very  .small,  sn])globose  (half  line  long).  —  Syst  ii. 
54  (mainly) ;  Hook.  Bot,  Mag.  t.  4469,  Gray,  PI.  Wriglit.  i.  7  ;  Ca.sp.  1.  c.  156,  t.  28-30.'  — 
Southern  borders  of  Texas,  Wright.     (Adj.  Mex.  and  \v.  Iinl.  to  Brasil.) 

§  2.  Carpels  combined  throughout  into  a  many-celled  compound  ovary.  —  §  Syni- 
phytopleiira,  Casp. 

*  Flowers  tinged  with  blue  or  violet :  connective  of  tlie  outer  ajithers  jiroduced  into  an 
oblong  appendage. 
N.  elegans,  IIook.  Petioles  and  scapes  slender,  from  a  short  rootstock :  leaves  entire  or 
barely  ropand  (3  to  6  inches  long)  of  broadly  oval  or  roundish  outline  with  verv  narrow 
sagittiform  sinus  and  basal  terminations  slightly  or  not  at  all  jxanted :  petals  ovate-lanceo- 
lnte,  hardly  incli  and  a  half  long :  stamens  a])parcntly  in  jihalanges  (  Hook.) :  stigmatic  rav.s 
ah.iut  15,  the  radiate  appendages  very  sliort.— Bot.  Mag.  t.  4604,  not  Ilemsl.  Biol.  Cent. 
^Vm.  Bot.  for  the  plant  of  Bourgeau  must  be  N.  Mexlrana,  Zucc.  ^V.  Mf.ririitui  f  Cm. 
PI.  AVright.  i.  7,  not  Zucc.''  —  W.  Texas,  in  a  pond  near  tiie  head  of  the  Leona,  Wriijlii."' 
(Monterey,  Mex.,  Bedamlier?) 

1  Also  Gray,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiv.  228. 

2  Since  reported  from  Osterville,  Mass.,  W.  G.  Farlow,  Bull.  Torr.  CIiil>,  xii.  40. 

8  The  oriental  N.  nuci'fkka,  Gaertn.,  witli  white  or  i)ink  (lowers,  iu^s  not  infreiiuently  Won  i<l!>nt«Hl 
for  ornament,  and  is  establislu'd  in  certain  localities  in  New  Jersey.  See  Sturtevant,  Giir<l.  &  Fur.  ii. 
172,  173. 

4  For  full  generic  synonymy  according  to  strict  priority  see  Greene,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiv.  STiT,  xv. 
84,  and  Britten,  Jour.  Bot.  xxvi.  6.  Tlie  names  here  retained,  however,  are  those  establislu'd  by  lonjj 
usage,  confirmed  by  recent  publications  by  the  Kew  botanists  and  by  Prof.  C.ispary  in  Engl.  &  I'r.intl. 
Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.Ab.  2,  1-10. 

5  Add  syn.  Castalia  ampli,  Salisb.  Ann.  Bot.  ii.  73. 
*»  Add  syn.  Castalia  eleynns,  Greene,  1.  c.  85. 

1  Rediscovered  near  Waco,  Texas,  liy  .W.i.-!>s  Tn'mhfv  ^:  Wvlf/ht.  ISSS;  see  Sterns,  Bidl.  Torr. 
Club,  XV.  13;  also  collected  in  same  year  near  Biowusvillc  by  C.  (J.  Prinylc. 


76  NYMPH.EACE^.  Nyinphcea. 

*  *  Flowers  white  varving  sometimes  to  rose-color ;  the  centre  commonly  pale  yellow : 
autliers  iiiappendiculate ;  pollea  minutely  echinulate  :  prostrate  rootstocks  elongated  and 
cylindrical :  no  stolons:  leaves  entire,  obscurely  if  at  all  peltate,  generally  orbicular  with 
narrow  or  more  open  sinus. 

N.*  tetragona,  Geokgi.  Kootstock  short,  vertical  or  nearly  so,  woolly  with  dark  hairs : 
leaves  oval,  witli  deep  but  rather  open  sinus,  acutish  lobes,  and  entire  margin,  usually  small, 
1 .1  to  3  (rarely  6  to  8)  inches  long,  two  tliirds  as  broad :  flowers  li  to  2^  inches  in  diameter : 
sepals  green  outsi<le,  oblong  lanceolate,  often  acutish,  1  inch  long:  petals  8  or  10,  white,  or 
faintly  marked  with  purple,  a  little  shorter  than  the  sepals :  stamens  3-4-seriate :  carpels 
about  7;  the  free  tips  of  the  stigmas  short  and  blunt.  —  lieise  Russ.  Reiche,  i.  220. 
N.  pijgmcea.  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iii.  293;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1525.  Castulia  tetra(jona,  Law- 
son,  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Canad.  vi.  Sec.  4,  112;  Morong,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  154  ?  C.  Leibergi 
(N.  Leiberfi't),  Morong,  Bot.  Gaz.  xiii.  124,  t.  7,  as  to  flower  only,  the  leaves  being  evidently 
those  of  a  JVuphar.  —  Ponds,  Kootenai  Co.,  N.  Idaho,  Ltibenj ;  also  (ace.  to  Britton,  Trans. 
N.  Y.  Acad.  ix.  6)  in  Severn  Riv ,  Keewatin,  Canada,  J.  M.  Macoun,  and  Misiuaibi  Riv., 
Ontario,  R.  Bdl.     (Siberia  to  India.) 

N.  odorata,  Ait.^  Rootstock  with  sparing  and  persistent  branches :  leaves  floating,  com- 
monly reddish  beneath,  rarely  over  6  or  8  inches  in  diameter:  flowers  deliciously  fragrant: 
sepals  dull  green  tinged  with  purple  :  petals  pure  wiiite  with  sulphur-yellow  centre,  or  not 
rarely  tinged  with  rose,  rarely  bright  rose-color,  oval  to  oblong-lanceolate,  li  to  2i  inches 
long  :  seeds  oblong,  I  to  li  lines  long,  stipitate  in  the  arillus.  —  Kew.  ii.  227  ;  -  Willd.  Ilort. 
Berol  t.  39 ;  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  v.  t.  297  ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  819;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  102,  t.  42, 
43 ;  Sprague  &  Goodale,  WQd  Flowers,  161,  t.  38,  N.  alba,  Walt.  Car.  155 ;  Michx.  Fl.  i. 
311.  Castalia  puJica,  Salisb.  Parad.  Lond.  14,  &  Ann.  Bot.  ii.  72. — In  still  water,  New- 
foundland to  Winnipeg,  and  south  to  Florida  and  Texas.     (Cuba.) 

Var.  minor,  Sims.  Leaves  only  2  or  3  inches  in  diameter  and  often  crimson  beneath  ; 
petioles  and  peduncles  either  glabrous  or  villous :  sepals  and  petals  an  inch  or  two  long, 
varying  from  pure  white  to  light  rose  or  even  bright  pink.  —  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1G52;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  57.  N.  odorala,  var.  rosea,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  369 ;  Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  6708. 
N.  rosea,  Raf.  Med.  Fl.  ii.  45.  —  Shallow  water,  same  range  as  the  larger-flowered,  passing 
freely  into  it,  also  from  pure  white  to  pale  yellow  or  deep  pink-rose. 

N.  reniformis,  DC.  Propagating  by  easily  detacher!  oblong  tuber-like  branches  of  the 
rootstock  :  leaves  in  shallow  water  emersed  and  ascending  or  erect,  rarely  purplish  beneath, 
more  prominently  and  copiously  ribbed  and  veiny,  the  larger  a  foot  or  more  in  diameter 
flowers  odorless  or  slightly  scented:  sepals  green  outside,  ratlier  dull  white  within,  never 
rose-tinged :  petals  elongated-oblong,  2  or  3  inches  long :  fruit  more  depressed  :  seeds  globu- 
lar-ovoid, H  lines  in  diameter,  not  stipitate  in  the  arillus.  —  Syst,  ii.  55;  Deless.  Ic.  Sel. 
ii.  t.  5,  not  Walt.  N.  tuberosa,  Paine,  Cat.  PI.  Oneida,  132;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  56;  Garden, 
■  xxi.  130,  t.  325.  N.  alba,  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  13 ;  Graham,  Edin.  Kew  Phil.  Journ.  i.  386,  var. 
Canadensis  ?  3  —  Still  and  slow-flowing  waters.  New  York  and  Canada  *  along  the  Great 
Lakes,  to  Minnesota,  Illinois,  and  prol)al)ly  in  the  S.  Atlantic  States. 

*  *  *  Flowers  yellow :  anthers  inappendiculate  or  nearly  so  ;  pollen  smooth  :  root'stocks 
short,  roughened  with  salient  pulvini  of  fallen  leaves,  sending  off  from  apex  along  with 
leaves  and  blossoms  elongated  naked  stolons. 

N.  flava,  Leitner.  Leaves  of  broadly  oval  outline  and  with  narrow  or  closed  sinus,  3  to  8 
inches  long,  commonly  crimson-purple  beneath ;   margin  somewhat  undulate  or  repand  and 

1  A  noteworthy  form  of  this  plant,  or'  perhaps  distinct  species,  has  recently  been  discovered  at 
Eustis,  Florida,  by  G.  V.  Nash.  The  leaves  are  a  foot  or  two  in  diameter  with  strongly  upturned 
margins;  flowers  white,  said  to  be  odorless.  This  form  has  been  confidently  identified  with  N.  reni- 
formis, Walt.,  by  the  collector,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  147,  a  disposition  in  no  sense  warranted  by 
the  brief  and  wholly  dubious  characterization  of  Walter's  species. 

2  Exd.  Siberian  plant  of  Gmelin,  which  is  N.  tetragona,  Georgi.  Add  syn.  CastaUa  odorata, 
Woodv.  &  Wood  in  Rees,  Oycl.  vi.  no.  1. 

8  Add  sjTi.  CastaUa  tuberosa,  Greene,  1.  c.  84. 

*  Also  at  Ferrisburgli,  Vermont,  Braintrd ;  and  reported  from  near  Trenton,  N.  J.,  Abbott,  and 
Meadville,  Penn.  (see  Gard.  &  For.  i.  308,  f.  58,  59,  &  vi.  415,  f.  62) ;  also  near  Little  Rock,  Arkansas, 
CoviUe. 


Nuphar.  NVMI'ILKACK.E.  77 

basal  lohes  not  pointed  :  petals  Lri^ht  lifjl.t  yellow,  lan.-eol.ite.  1  \  to  2  inclieH  lon^  -  Ix-itner 
inAu(liibou,Einls  Ani.t.411.witl.son.e  wron^folia-o;  ("liapni.  F).  e<l.  2.  004  •  Hook  f  Hot 
Mag.  t.  6917.1 -Creeks  .„„,  rivers  of  E.  Klori.la,  lir.^t  .-oil.  l,v  A,.//„*r,  re'.lmeover<..|  bv 
Palmer,  Mrs.  Treat,  Dr.  Garber.  Perhaps  also  C'e.lar  Havou.  Harris  (o./lVxtw  in  bnu-kwii 
water.  Dr.  Juor,  with  "i)alc  straw-c.jor  "  l.loss.,ni,  Imt  specimen  insiinieient.-!  (I'-rhapn 
also  N.  tnssilagtfolia,  Lehni.  Ind.  Seni.  Hurt.  Ilanil,.  IH.VJ,  10,  &  Ann.  S.i.  Nat.  ser.  4,  i.  .320 
coll.  iu  Mexico  by  Andrieti.r,  &c.)  "  ' 

5.  NtJPHAR,  Smith.      Si'ATTKu-DOCK,  Yki.i.ow  I'oND-r.ri.v.      (Said  to  Im- 

of  Arabic  origin  and  ineiitioiied  by  Dioscoridos  under    '' oip/u/a.) PrrtMinials 

of  northern  heniispiicre  and  extra-tropical,  with  cylinch-ical  crcepiii«,'  rooLstock.s  of 
the  White  Watcr-Lilics,   subterrestrial    and  aquatic:    calyx   more  showy    th.-m 

corolla,  at  least  the  upper  face  of  the  sepals  being  Ijright  yellow  ;  fl.  summer. 

Prodr.  Fl.  Groec.  i.  SOI ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  59.  Ni/iiip/^o'a,  lioerh.  Hist.  PI.  Lu;,'.!.- 
Bat.  363;  Salisb.  Ann.  Bot.  ii.  71.  Nymphusanthus,  Rich.  Analyse  du  Kniit, 
68,  &  Ann.  Mus.  Par.  xvii.  230,  t.  o.  Ropahm,  Raf.  New  Fl.  Am.  ii.  17.  [Hv 
B.  L.  Robinson.] 

*   Leaves  oval;  sinus  fully  one  fourth  to  nearly  half  the  lengtli  of  the  blade. 
H-  Anther-cells  usually  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  tiic  filaments  or  exceeding  tlieni :  stig- 
niatic  disk  4  or  .5  lines  to  nearly  an  inch  in  diameter,  undulate  margined,  12-22-raveil. 
N.  polysepalum,  Engelm.     Very  robust:  petioles  stout;    thin  submersed  leaves  none  ..r 
at  least  not  seen;  floating  leaves  large,  8  to  12  inches  long,  6  to  9  inclies  broad,  with  narrow 
or  closed  sinus   and  very  broad   rounded   basal  lobes:    the  .subglobose  cni>-shapcd  calvx 
3  inches  in  diameter,  when  fully  expanded  even  4  or  3  inclies  broad  ;  sepals  9  to  12,  velli.w 
or  with  a  reddish  tinge  in  age:    petals  12  to  18,  obovate,  cuneate,  trnncate,  lialf  inch'  long, 
two  thirds  as  broad:    stamens  very  numerous,  red,  recurved  in  age;  polU-ii  vellnw  :    fruit 
subglohose,  1^  inches  in  diameter,  with  short  stout  definitely  constricted  neck  ami  convex 
umbonate   15-24-rayed  stigmatic  disk.  —  Trans.   Acad.   St.  Louis,  ii.  282,  &  B<.t.  \V..iks. 
472;    Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exp.  220;    Porter  &  Coulter,  Fl.  Col.  5.     X.a,lrena,  Ik-nth.  Pi! 
Ilartw.  296;    Newberry,  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  vi.  67,  uot  Ait.  f.     Niimi>htia  poli/se/in/a,  (Jreene, 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xv.  84.     ?  N.  udccna,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  288.  —  Colorado  to  Centnil  Cali- 
fornia and  northwestward  to  Alaska,  especially  iu  alpine  ponds  of  mountain  valleys.     Tlie 
farinaceous  seeds  are  an  important  source  of  food  to  certain  Indian  tribes.     Here  appears  to 
belong  the  N.    \\.  American  N.  lutenm  of  autliors   (Bong.  Yog.  Sitch.  124;    Ledeb.   Fl. 
Ress.  i.  84;    Rothr.  Fl.  Alask.  442;  &c.),  not  Smith.     Var.  rfcTr.M,  Engtlni.  1.  c,  is  a  form 
with  more  highly  colored  flowers,  having  sepals  inargined  with  reddish  lirown  ;iiid  petals 
deep  red  with  yellow  tips  and  bases.  —  Colorado,  Ann/,  and  probably  elsewliere  with  the 
duller  more  yellow-flowered  form.     A  form  with  smaller  flowers  (2  to  3  indies  in  diameter), 
in  hal)it  approaching  the  following,  but  with  the  characteristic   dark  red  aiitliers  of  the 
western  species,  has  l)ccn  collected  in  Lake  County,  Calif.,  Blnnkinshlj). 
N.  advena,  Ait.  f.     Stout  but  smaller  in  all  parts  than  the  preceding:  rhizome  hori/ontal, 
tliick:    petioles  usually  \  to  ^  inch  in  diameter:   thin  suhnK-r.-^ed  leaves  jin-.^ent  in  .«ee(iliiigs, 
.     but  in  tlie  mature  jilant  rare  or  none;    floating  leaves  broadly  oval,  often  pube.-scent  below; 
sinus  u.sually  open;    basal  lobes  very  obtuse,  sometimes  rounded  but  usually  more  or  lc.««s 
triangular  in  outline:  sul)globo.se  flowers  If  inches  in  diameter,  when  fully  expande.i  2  to  ,1 
inches  i)road :    outer  .sepals  greenish;  the  inner  commonly  dull  yellow:  i)etals  oblanceolato- 
ol)long,  truncate,  gradually  narrowed  toward  the  b:ise :    stamens  in  .'>  or  fi  .series,  n-ciirved 
with  age,  yellow:    disk  j)ale  red,  yellow,  or  green,  sulx-ntire  or  undulate-margined;    stig- 

1  Add  syn.  Castalia  Jlnva,  Greene,  I.  c.  ^5. 

2  Specimens  sub.sequently  collected  by  Nenlley  at  Rio  Grande  City.  Texa.s,  nml  by  PrmgU  near 
Brownsville,  no.  1956,  as  well  as  specimens  of  Bourrjeau  and  of  Pringle  fmiii  Me.xico,  nprwin^;  wpII 
with  the  Florida  plant,  may  be  referred  to  this  species,  jus  by  rouller,  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  H.-rh.  i.  SO. 
Also  Castalia  Mcricann,  C'oulter,  I.  c.  ii.  12,  aiii>aieiitly  not  Nymphaa  }feriotna  of  Zuooarini,  wliitli 
should  have  whin-  tlnu.ix. 


78  NYIMPILEACE/E.  ynphar. 

matic  rajs  12  to  22,  usually  not  attaining  the  edge  of  the  disk;  fruit  ovate,  with  thick  more 
or  less  costate  scarcely  constricted  neck.  —  Kew.  ed.  2,  iii.  295;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  369;  Gray, 
Geu.  lU.  i.  104,  t.  44;  Meehau's  Monthly,  i.  17,  18,  t.  2.  N.  lutca,  Pursh,  1.  c. ;  DC.  Syst! 
ii.  60,  as  to  Anier.  plant;  '  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  32;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  57,  excl.  var. 
and  (?)  Alaskan  plant.  N.  Amaicanum,  Provancher,  Fl.  Canad.  i.  28.  Xt/mphcra  lutea, 
Walt.  Car.  154.  iV.  advena,  Ait.  Kew.  ii.  226;  Willd.  Ilort.  Berol.  t.  38;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  684.  iV.  arifolia,  Salisb.  Ann.  Bot.  ii.  71. — Labrador  to  Florida,  Texas,  Wyoming, 
and  doubtfully  to  California;  common  throughout  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States,  mucli 
rarer  if  present  upon  the  Pacific  Slope.  (Cuba.)  Var.  vakiecAtcm,  Engelm.  (in  Gray, 
Man.  ed.  5,  57)  is  a  frequent  form  with  sepals  a  brighter  yellow  toward  the  edges,  and 
some  at  least  red-purple  or  maroon  toward  the  ba.se  witliin ;  the  sinus  of  the  leaf  commonly 
narrow  or  dosed.  —  Growing  with  the  duller  flowered  type,  but  in  some  jdaces  the  com- 
moner or  only  form. 

Var.  minus,  Mokong.  Similar  in  general  aspect:  leaves  and  flowers  smaller ;  jjctiolcs 
and  peduncles  more  flaccid;  a  few  thin  submersed  leaves  commonly  present:  stigmatic  disk 
smaller,  bright  red  (occasionally  green  or  yellow),  9-12-rayed,  rather  deeply  crenate,  only 
3  to  4  lines  in  diameter;  ovary  and  fruit  somewhat  smaller  and  v/ith  a  strongly  constricted 
neck.  —  The  var.  (?)  minor,  Morong  (Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  167),  as  taken  by  Wats.  &  Coulter  in 
Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  56,  to  include  N.  ruhrodiscum,  Morong,  1.  c,  which  cannot  be  satisfac- 
torily distinguished  from  Dr.  Morong's  type  of  his  var.  minor.  N.  luteum,  Gray,  Man.  24, 
excl.  var, and  not  of  Smith.  N.  adcena  X  Kalmiana,  Casp.  in  Macoun,  Cat.  Canad.  PI.  32. 
N.  F/etclteri,  Lawson,  1.  c.  119.  Ni/mpha^a  ruhrodisca,  Greene,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xv.  84. — 
An  exact  intermediate  between  N.  advena  and  the  following  species,  and,  with  little  doubt, 
of  hybrid  origin,  frequently  associated  with  the  parent  plants  in  Lower  Canada,  Ontario, 
and  the  Northern  States,  westward  at  least  to  Minnesota,  gro\\'ing  in  sliallower  water  than 
N.  advena,  and  often  showing  imperfect  pollen  as  though  only  partially  fertile ;  in  other 
localities,  however,  as  in  Lake  Champlain,  appearing  (ace.  to  Dx.  Morong)  thoroughly  inde- 
pendent and  fertile ;  so  that  it  may  be  best  regarded  as  a  perpetuated  or  established  hybrid, 
lutergradation  (probably  rehybridization)  ^vith  the  parent  stocks,  especially  toward  N.  ad- 
veun,  makes  specific  distinction  undesirable.  Fretpient  and  very  similar  hybrids  between 
N.  minimum  and  A^.  luteum  have  been  repeatedly  noticed  in  Europe  by  ('aspary  and  others. 
-(-   •)—   Anther-cells    (at  maturity)  only  a  third  as  long  as  the  filaments:    .stigmatic  disk 

small,  2  to  3  lines  in  diameter,  about  8-rayed 

N.  minimum,  Smith.  TJootstock  horizontal,  slender,  enveloped  at  the  end  by  the  sheath- 
ing membranous  expanded  bases  of  the  slender  flaccid  petioles:  floating  leaves  1^-3  (-4) 
inches  long,  usually  pubescent  beneath  ;  the  sinus  reaching  almost  to  the  middle  of  the  leaf; 
submersed  leaves  freely  produced,  suborbicular,  very  delicate,  membranaceous  and  tran.s- 
iuc«nt ;  sinus  more  open  :  sepals  about  5,  suborbicular,  6  to  8  lines  in  diameter,  yellow . 
petals  obovate-cuneate,  2  lines  long,  half  as  broad :  stigmatic  disk  distinctly  lobed,  deep  red 
or  (at  least  in  the  European  form)  green  ;  stigmatic  rays  yellow;  fruit  ovoid,  6  to  8  lines  in 
diameter,  -with  short  slender  neck.  —  P^ng.  Bot.  xxxii.,  description  of  t.  2292;  Hook.  f.  & 
•Tacks.  Ind.  Kew.  ii.  320.  N.  pumilum,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  61 ;  Smith,  1.  c.  on  plate;  Casp.  in  Miq. 
Ann.  Mus.  Lugd.-Bat.  ii.  256;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  37.  N.  Kalmiatia,  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iii. 
295 ;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  369.  N.  lutea,  var.  Kalmiana,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  58.  N.  luteum,  var. 
pumilum,  Gray,  Man.  ed.-5,  57.  Nj/mpkcen  microphi/lla,  Pers.  Syn.  ii.  63.  N.  Knlmiaha,  Sims, 
Bot.  Mag  t.  1243.  —  Ponds  from  Newfoundland  to  the  Saskatchewan,  southward  to  Pennsyl- 
vania. (Eu.) 
*  *   Leaves  elongated-oblong,  sagittate;    the  blade  6  to  10  times  as  long  as  the  sinus: 

flowers  small,  an  inch  to  inch  ai\d  a  third  in  diameter  when  open :   southern  Atlantic 

species. 

N.  sagittaefolium,  PmsH.  Phizome  apparently  horizontnl,  or  oblique,  sending  off  stout 
roots :  petioles  long  and  rather  slender :  leaves  thin  and  relatively  much  narrower  than  in 
any  of  the  other  American  s])ecies;  the  floating  ones  narrowly  elliptic-oblong,  7  to  12  inches 
in  length,  Ii  to  2i  inches  broad;  the  submersed  considerably  larger,  delicately  membrana- 
ceous: sepals  about  6  or  7  ;  the  outer  green ;  the  inner  petaloid  at  least  near  the  edges:  petals 
spatulate,  truncate,  thickish  (said  sometimes  to  be  completely  transformed  into  stamens) : 
stamens  in  4  to  6  rows ;  anthers  fully  as  long  as  the  flat  filaments :    dit^k  4  to  6  lines  in 


Sarracenia.  SARHACKNIACK.T:.  7.' 

diameter;  margin  repand ;  stiginatic  rays  11  to  14:  fniit  de|)resscd-ovatfi,  7  or  8  IIiiom  iu 
diameter,  costate  and  moderately  couslrictod  beneath  tlio  dink ;  seedH  pale  yeUowioli  brown, 
l\  lines  in  diameter.  —  Fl.  ii.  370;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  62  ;  Kll.  Sk.  it  ».  N.  smjiHifolium,  Moron/;, 
Rot.  Gaz.  xi.  169.  N.  loiujifolia,  Smith  in  Kee.s,  Cycl.  no.  5.  Niiuiphtca  mgltti/oHa,  Walt: 
Car.  IS.'J.  N.  sagittata,  Per.s.  Syn.  ii.  63.  iV.  /oiigi/olia,  iMichx.  Fl.  i.  .•J12.  —  In  Btagmint 
pools  of  tlie  low  land."*,  Nortli  Carolina  to  Cicorgia  and  (acx.  to  Morong)  Florida;  al.so  iu 
S.  Indiana  and  Illinois,  Schncck  ijide  Watson  &  Coulter). 


Order  VII.     SARRACENIACEiE. 

Hv  A.  Gu.vY. 

Acaulesccnt  perennial  bog-plants,  with  colorless  inert  juirc,  and  leaves  trans- 
formed into  more  or  less  colored  secretive  pitchers  or  tubes  (in  whieli  insects  are 
collected) ;  the  flowers  hermaphrodite,  hypogynous,  polyandrous ;  sepals  and 
petals  each  5  and  imbricated  in  the  bud ;  anthers  fixed  by  the  middle  and  ' 
introrse;  pistil  compound,  3-5-celled,  with  many-ovuled  plaeenti«  iu  the  axis; 
fruit  a  loculicidal  capsule ;  seed  anatropous,  with  a  small  embryo  at  the  base  of 
fleshy  albumen.  Flowers  comparatively  large,  nodding.  True  affinity  of  the 
order  undetermined.  Consists  of  a  monotypic  apetalous  and  tricarpellary  genus 
found  on  a  single  mountain  in  Eastern  S.  America,  and  of  the  following. 

1.  SARRACENIA.  Bractlets  3  under  the  calyx.  Sepals  eoriaceous,  persi.stent.  Petals 
pauduriform,  at  first  counivent-incnrved  and  imbricated  over  the  stajnens  and  pistil,  in  age 
becoming  deciduous.  Ovary  globular  and  5-lobed,  the  lobes  alternate  with  the  petals :  style 
bearing  5-angled  5-rayed  umbrella,  the  tips  of  the  slender  rays  projecting  from  the  uotihe<l 
angles,  recurved  and  introrsely  stigmatose.  Capsiile  densely  vcrrucose,  loiulicidal,  but  the 
five  valves  cohering  by  the  partitions  with  the  axis.  Seeds  with  a  close  and  firm  reticulate 
coat  and  broad  rhaphe. 

2.  DARLINGTONIA.  Sepals  membranaceous  and  somewhat  herbaceous,  lax,  niarcesdi.; 
Petals  shorter,  somewhat  convergent,  oblong-ovate,  with  a  contraction  above  the  middle 
and  the  apical  portion  concave,  marcescent.  Stamens  12  to  20,  short.  Ovary  somewhat 
turbinate  with  depressed  or  umbilicate  broad  summit,  the  cells  opposite  the  petals:  styl*^ 
short,  5-cleft;  its  short  and  thick  branches  radiate-spreading:  stigma  broad  and  terminal 
Capsule  oblong,  smooth,  5-valved,  the  valves  septiferons:  base  of  the  colnmella  naked. 
Seeds  clavate  or  turbinate,  densely  beset  with  short  .stiff  bristles.     Scape  bracteate. 

1.  SARRAC^INIA,  Tourn.  Pitcher-plant,  Side-sapdlr  Flower, 
Trumpets.  {Dr.  Sarrazin  of  Quebec,  who  about  the  year  1730  sent  our 
northern  species  and  an  account  of  it  to  Tournefort.)  —  Scape  naked  and  one- 
flowered  with  the  cluster  of  radical  leaves  from  a  short  horizontal  roofstock ;  the 
pitchers  trumpet-shaped  with  a  ventral  wing  or  salient  margin  and  an  arching 
hood  (the  lamina)  at  apex,  some  earlier  leaves  phyllodi:i-like,  destitute  of  pitcher, 
all  yellowish  green  or  purplish,  or  purple-veined.  Pet;ds  pui-jjle  or  yellow.  Fl. 
early  summer  or  southward  in  spring.  Species  all  strictly  Atlantic  X.  American. 
—  Inst.  657,  t.  476,  &  L.  Gen.  ed.  1-5,  as  Sarracena ;  L.  Spec.  i.  .'ilO,  &  Gen. 
ed.  6,  no.  652  ;  Mill.  Ic.  t.  241  ;  Croom,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  iv.  98 ;  A.  DC.  Prodr. 
xvii.  3.  CoilophifUum,  Morison,  PI.  O.von.  iii.  533.  For  account  of  the  relation 
of  the  pitchers  to  insects  and  references  to  the  literature,  s«'e  Goodale,  Physiol. 
Bot.  .•'•i7-':""v     <v....t  -tiiMviM. .■....■.-,. i;,.,.  .,»  .,„,>..  lii,,..  „.,„• •!....  ,,.,,,;t-...i    .1 


80  SARRACENIACE.E.  Sarracada. 

the  orifice  of  the  pitclier  in  all  the  species.  —  Hybrids  and  varieties  of  cultivation 
unnoticed. 

*  I'etals  brown-red  or  maroou  (rarely  varying  to  greenish  yellow),  little  accrescent  after 
authcsis. 

-»—  Leaves  short,  with  ventral  wing  broad,  commonly  semi-obovate,  in  some  later-grown 
leaves  even  wider  than  the  pitcher :  sepals  coriaceous  and  mostly  dark  colored. 

S.  purpurea,  L.  (Side-saddle  Flower,  Huntsman's  Cup,  &c.)  Leaves  ascending; 
pitcher  gihl)ous-obovate,  with  open  orifice ;  hood  erect,  round-cordate,  concave,  the  inner 
face  strongly  rctrorse-hispid  and  reticulated  with  broad  purple  veins:  petals  2  inches  long. 
—  Spec.  i.  510  (Catesb.  Car.  ii.  t.  70) ;  Lam.  111.  t.  452 ;  Michx.  kl.  i.  310 ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  849;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  308;  Croom,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  iv.  98;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  50.i 
5.  heterop/ii/lla,  Eaton,  Man.  ed.  4,  445  (5^.  purpurea,  var.  heterophyUa,  Torr.  Conipend.  217, 
&  F1..N.  Y.  i.  41,  t.  6),  an  occasional  form  with  greener  foliage  and  yellowish  green  flower. 
Var.  alata,  AYood,  But.  &  Fl.  30,  refers  to  the  phyllodial  wing,  which  in  certain  leaves  of 
most  plants  is  wider  than  tlie  diminished  pitcher.  —  Sphagnous  bogs,  Newfoundland  and 
S.  Labrador  to  Bear  Lake  and  south  to  Florida  and  Alabama,  but  southward  mainly  east 
of  the  Alleghanies.  A  remarkable  range  in  latitude  and  climate.  A  monstrosity  coll.  by 
/.  Sprngue  has  the  umbrella  of  the  style  deeply  5-parted  into  linear  divisions ! 

S.  psittacina,  Michx.  Leaveg  reclined  in  a  rosulate  tuft;  pitcher  narrow,  of  clavate  out- 
line, 2  to  5  inches  long,  densely  and  retrorsely  long-hirsute  within ;  hood  strongly  incurved 
over  the  contracted  orifice,  globose-inflated,  dorsally  white-variegated  and  commonly  pur- 
plish-tinged :  petals  inch  and  a  half  long.  —  Fl.  i.  311 ;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  368 ;  Croom,  1.  c.  101 ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Masters,  Card.  Chron.  1866,  1218,  fig.,  &  1881,  pt.  1,  817,  fig.;  A.  DC. 
1.  c.  4.-^  S.  calceoJata,  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  riiil.  Soc.  ser.  2,  iv.  49,  t.  1.  S.  pulchclla,  Croom, 
Am.  Jour.  Sci.  xxv.  75,  &  xxviii.  167.  —  Pine-barren  swamps,  from  near  Augusta,  Georgia, 
to  Apalachicola,  Florida,  and  S.  Alabama. 

-J—  -t—  Leaves  erect  with  long  and  narrow  or  trumpet^shaped  open-mouthed  tube  and  soon 
ascending  or  erect  hood;  the  wing  a  narrow  margin  or  in  the  phyllodial  leaves  (willi 
reduced  abortive  tube)  linear-lanceolate. 

S.  rubra,  Walt.  Leaves  slender,  the  larger  a  foot  or  more  long,  wholly  green  with  reddish 
veins  above ;  hood  ovate,  varying  from  obtuse  to  acuminate,  usually  inflexed  when  .young, 
at  length  erect  and  merely  concave,  reddish  or  red- veined  and  variegated;  retrorse  pubes. 
cence  of  inner  face  minute:  petals  inch  or  so  long.  —  Car.  152;  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  10;  Croom, 
Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  iv.  99  ;  Hook.  Exot.  Fl.  i.  t.  13  (excl.  syn.),  &  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3515  ;  Lodd.  Bot. 
Cab.  t.  1163;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Planchon,  Fl.  Serres,  x  t.  1074.^  S.  minor,  Sweet,  Brit. 
Fl.  Gard.  ser.  2,  t.  138,  with  only  earlier  small  leaves.  5.  rubra  &  S.  Sweetii,  A.  DC.  1.  c.  5. 
S.  Gronovii,  var.  rubra.  Wood,  Class-Book,  ed.  of  1861,  222.  —  Swamps,  N.  Carolina  to 
Georgia  and  Alabama,  in  the  middle  country  and  toward  the  mountains.* 

S.  Drummondii,  Cuoosr.  Leaves  ampler  (from  less  than  a  foot  to  a  yard  high),  with 
orifice  an  inch  or  two  in  <liameter;  hood  roundish  with  contracted  base,  soon  erect  and 
flattish  or  with  recurved  margins,  retrorsely  hispid  on  the  inner  face,  and  with  the  whole 
snmniit  of  the  pitcher  highly  variegated  with  red-purple  reticulation  on  a  white  semitrans- 
parent  ground  ;  the  wing  extremely  narrow:  plane  phyllodial  leaves  sometimes  2  feet  long: 
petals  2  inches  long.  —  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  iv.  100,  t.  1  ;  Torr.  «&  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Planchon,  Fl. 
Serres,  x.  239,  t.  1071,  1072.^  S.  Drummondii  &  S.  undulnta,  Decsne.  Rev.  Hort.  ser.  4,  i. 
(1852)  126,  &  Fl.  Serres,  vii.  267,  268;  A.  DC.  1.  c.,  the  latter  a  mere  form  or  stage  with 
erect  and  undulate  hood,  well  marked  in  leaves  of  original  specimens.  (S.  leucopki/lta,  Raf. 
Fl.  Lud.  is  essentially  fictitious.^     S.  Gronovii,  var.  Drummondii,  Wood,  1.  c. — -Pine-barren 

1  Meehan's  Monthly,  i.  86,  t.  6. 

2  Meehan,  Native  Flowers,  ser.  2,  i.  21,  t.  5. 
8  Meehan,  1.  c.  37,  t.  9. 

*  Natural  hybrids  apparently  of  /S.  rubra  and  S.  purpurea  have  been  noted,  very  similar  to  those 
of  cultivation. 

5  Meehan,  1.  c.  r>,  t.  1. 


Darlingtonia.  SAllllACKXIACE.E. 

swamps,  S.  W.  Georgia  and  ailjaccnt  Florida,  at  Apalarliioola.  &c.,  firnt  made  kn 
foliage  coll.  by  Drummoinl  and  flowers  tiy  (.'/nijiman. 

*   *   Petals  and  wliole  flower  yellow  :   leaves  with  elongated  pitchors  or  tubes,  in  8. 
called  Tbitmpets  or  Tuumpet-i-kak,  and  the  flowers  \Vatciie.s! 

S.  variolaris,  Miciix.  Leaves  ;i  to  14  (rarely  20)  inches  high  ;  the  tnhe  njirrowly  or  rather 
broadly  winged,  dorsally  reticulate-variegated  at  and  U-low  the  summit  witli  -jv-u  and 
purplish  veining  on  a  yellowish  white  translucent  ground  ;  the  ovate  furnit:i'  I 

over  the  wide  open  orifice,  puberulent  and  jmrple-veiny  within  ;  mouili  i.f  tl 
of  the  wing  for  a  time  lie<lewcd  with  a  sweet  alluring  Becretion:  phvllodial  hi  U 

haidly  any  :  petals  an  inch  or  more  long,  little  accrescent  after  anthejiis.  —  VI.  i.  310;  Sims 
Bot.  Mag  t.  1710;  Kll.  Sk.  ii.  11  ;    Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  80:3;    Croom,  1.  c.  102;  Torr.  &  (Jrav] 

1.  c. ;  Mellichamp.  Nature,  x.  2.53;  A.  DC.  1.  c.  6.^  ?  S.  minor,  Walt.  Car.  1.53.  .S'.  aduuca, 
Smith,  Exot.  Bot.  i.  103,  t.  53;  Macbridc,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  48.  —  I.,<jw  pine-barrens, 
N.  Carolina  to  Florida  in  the  low  country.'^ 

S.  flava,  L.  Narrowly  trumpet-shaped  leaves  about  2  feet  long;  pitcher  Itordered  with  vc-ry 
narrow  wing,  yellowish  green,  unspotted  ;  hood  ovate  and  soon  erect,  with  (often  reddish) 
base  contracted  or  recurvcil  at  sides,  hispidulous-puberulent  within,  commonly  with  purple 
reticulated  veinlets;  autumnal  pliyllodial  leaves  oblong  or  laricecdate  and  falcate,  a  sj>:ui  or 
two  long;  petals  at  first  inch  and  a  h.alf  long,  becoming  pendulous,  elongating  to  2.J  or  3 
inches.  — Spec.  i.  510;  Walt.  Car.  153;  Michx.  1.  c. ;  Audr.  Bot.  liep.  t.  381  ;  Sims,  Bot. 
Mag.  t.  780;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1937  ;  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  10  ;  Crooni,  1.  c.  103  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ; 
I'lanchon,  1.  c.  t.  1068  ;  A.  DC.  1.  c.»  S.  Cateslxei,  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  II,  greener  form.  S.  Gnmoni, 
Wood,  1.  c.  —  Wet  meadows  and  swamps,  North  Carolina  to  Florida ;  fl.  spring  and  early 
summer. 

2.  DARLING-TONIA,  Torr.  (Dr.  Wot.  Darlington  of  Pennsylvania, 
author  of  Flora  Cestrica,  &c.) — Smiths.  Contrib.  vi.  4,  t.  12,  Bot.  Wilkes 
Exped.  221,  &  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  ii.  14;  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xvi.  42.5, 
XXXV.  136;  Beuth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  48  ;  Planchon,  Fl.  Serres,  xiv.  125,  t.  1440; 
Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  5920  ;  A.  DC.  Prodr.  xvii.  2  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif. 
i.  17.  —  Single  species. 

D.  Calif  ornica,  Torr.  U.  cc.  Bootstock  elongated  and  creeping,  rough-scaly  :  leaves  (a  span 
to  2  feet  long)  greenish  yellow,  of  uervose  tubes  gradually  enlarging  upward  and  with 
dilated  and  inflated-saccate  externally  white-variegated  incurved  summit,  so  that  the  con- 
tracted orifice  looks  downward,  its  proper  ape.x  bearing  a  conspicuous  divergently  bifid 
pendulous  appendage  resembling  a  fish-tail  and  generally  reddish  or  yellowish;  the  whole 
leaf  twisted  half  round,  the  orifice  becoming  averse  from  the  scape,  ventral  wing  a  narrow 
border:  scape  bearing  several  greenish  and  membranaceous  alternate  bract«,  nodding  .at 
apex,  greenish,  at  length  2  inches  long :  petals  greenish  yellow  and  reddish  brown  or  purple. 
—  Mountain  bogs  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  at  1,000  to  6.000  feet,  from  Trmkee  P.-vss 
to  Shasta  Co.  (where  first  coll.  without  flowers,  h\  Pirkcrlnrj  and  Bnirkcnrldgr)  ;  also  «itliin 
the  borders  of  Oregon,  Waldo  Co.,  IJowell :  fl.  spring.  Areolation  of  the  infl.ited  h.M.ded 
summit  of  the  leaf  translucent;  appendage  within  beset  v*ith  retrorse  bristly  hairs,  and 
along  its  margins  producing  a  sweet  alluring  .secretion,  which  sometimes  extends  downwnni 
on  the  edge  of  the  ^s^ng,  as  discovered  by  J/rs.  R.  M.  Austin.  For  details  of  mode  of 
capturing  insects,  see  Cauby,  Proc.  Am.  Ass.  Sci.  1874,  pt.  2,  64,  and  abstract  in  Brew.  & 
Wats.  1.  c.  18. 

•  Meehan's  Monthly,  iv.  1,  t.  1. 

*  Some  striking  variations  are  noted  by  Miss  Mary  F.  Peirce,  Bull.  T""    '  ''•' 
8  Meehan's  Monthly,  ii.  113,  t.  8. 


82  PAPAYERACE.E. 

Order  VIII.     PAPAVERACEi:. 

By  a.  Gkay  ;  the  genus  Arctoinecon   by  B.  L.  Robinson. 

Mostly  colored- juiced  herbs,  with  mostly  alternate  leaves,  no  stipules,  and 
narcotic  or  acid  qualities;  flowers  hermaphrodite,  hypogynous,  polyandrous, 
dimerous  or  sometimes  trimerous  i.  e.  sepals  2,  rarely  3,  and  caducous,  petals 
double  to  quadruple  (or  even  sextuple)  that  number  and  commonly  very  decidu- 
ous ;  the  ranks  imbricated  in  the  bud ;  pistil  of  2  to  many  carpels  combined  to 
form  a  one-celled  ovary  with  parietal  placenta?.  Filaments  filiform,  or  rarely 
dilated,  distinct :  anthers  innate.  Ovules  anatropous,  numerous.  Fruit  capsular. 
Seeds  with  small  or  minute  embryo  at  base  of  fleshy  and  oily  albumen.  —  Several 
genera  have  more  or  less  colorless  juice.  Dendromecon  is  shrubby.  Platystemon 
has  carpels  in  flower  partly  and  in  fruit  becoming  wholly  distinct  Glaucium 
has  a  falsely  2-celled  ovary,  and  the  placentag  in  Poppy,  &c.,  may  meet  in  the 
axis.  Eschscholtzia,  besides  its  calyptrate  calyx,  has  a  cupulate-dilated  seem- 
in'dy  perigynous  disk.  Platystemon  and  yet  more  Canbya  and  Arctomecon  retain 
their  petals  until  fruiting.  Platystigma  and  Canbya  may  have  very  few  stamens. 
Bucconia  is  apetalous.  And  the  leaves  are  usually  opposite  or  verticillate  and 
entire  in  the  first  tribe.  So,  although  one  of  the  most  distinct  of  orders,  it  teems 
with  exceptions. 

Tribe  I.  PLATYSTEMONE.E.  Leaves  mainly  opposite  or  whorled  and  entire. 
Flowers  usually  3-merous,  i.  e.  sepals  3  and  obovate  petals  6  in  two  series.  Ovary 
mostly  lobed  or  angled :  stigmas  distinct,  one  terminating  each  carpel,  alternate 
with  the  placentae,  which  never  separate  from  the  valves.  No  dilated  torus  under 
the  flower.  Flower-buds  usually  drooping  on  the  peduncle :  anthesis  for  more 
than  one  day.     Juice  watery  or  yellowish. 

1.  PLATYSTEMON.  Stamens  numerous:  filaments  petsiloid,  oliovate  or  spatulate. 
Stigmas  subulate-filiform.  Carpels  9  to  18,  each  several-ovukd,  at  first  all  united  in  a  ciri-le 
into  a  deeply  plurisulcate  compound  ovary  by  as  many  parietal  placenta:;,  in  fruit  separating 
and  closing  into  as  many  torose  narrow  follicles,  which  when  mature  are  disposed  to  break, 
up  transversely  into  a  few  one-seeded  joints !    Petals  tardily  deciduous  ! 

2.  PLATYSTIGMA.  Flowers  occasionally  2-merous,  i.  e.  with  2  sepals  and  4  petals. 
Stamens  6  to  12,  rarely  4 :  filaments  from  lanceolate-sul)ulate  to  filiform.  Carpels  3,  rarely 
4,  wholly  combined  into  a  somewhat  .3-lol)ed  or  angled  or  nearly  terete  ovary,  having  as 
many  pluriovulate  strictly  parietal  placentie ;  in  fruit  a  thin-waUed  completely  3-valved 
capsule,  dehiscent  through  the  placenta;.     Stigmas  ovate  to  subulate.     Petals  deciduous. 

Tribe  II.  PAPAVERE.E.  Leaves  alternate  or  mainly  so.  Flowers  rarely  3-merous. 
Ovary  of  2  to  20  completely  combined  carpels;  even  the  stigmas  more  or  less 
confluent  or  else  radiate  from  a  common  centre,  never  more  numerous  than  the 
placenta? :  these  when  the  capsule  dehisces  persisting  as  a  frame  alternate  with 
and  freed  from  the  valves,  while  held  in  place  by  attachment  to  receptacle  below 
and  combined  stigmas  above. 

*  Petals  4  or  6,  usually  scarious-marcoscont  and  ])orsistcnt  till  t lie  fruit  is  grown!  appar- 
ently not  crumpled  in  the  bud  :  tliis  drooping  l)cf<)re  anthesis:  capsule  ovoid,  strictly 
one-celled,  3-6-valved  from  above ;  valves  alternating  with  as  many  nerviform  placentie. 

3  CANBYA.  Sepals  3.  Petals  G,  obovate,  after  anthesis  dosing  over  the  capsule.  Stamens 
6  or  ;t :  filaments  shorter  than  the  oblong  linear  anthers.     Ovary  and  membranaceous  cap- 


rAPAVKIlACE.E.  83 

sule  ovoid-globoso :  stylo  none:  stigmas  .'},  obloiig-linoar,  opposite  the  tlirco  ncrviform 
placeiitic  aud  recurved-apprcssed  to  tlieiii.  Seeds  obovate  obi.Jii;.',  Hiinxtth,  neither  creMed 
uor  caruiiculatc.     Exiguous  annuals. 

4.  ARCTOMECON.  Sepals  2.  Tctals  4,  rotuml-ohovatc,  in  age  thin-st-arioun  and  j-T«i«t- 
iug  around  the  base  of  tlic  capsule.     Stamens  indefinitely  numerous,  short :  fil., 

than  tlie  oblong-linear  anthers.     Ovary  and  snl>c<>riaee<.us  capsule  ovoid  or  <jI".. 
monly  4)-valved  :    style  shorter  than  the  globular  and  lobuhite  nuuis  of  :i  i. 
somewhat  united  stigmas;  each  stigma  cordate-bilobed  and  over  a  valve,  i.  e  .i. /€,»,,«,  wan 
the  nerviform  placentai.     Seeds  rather  few,  obbjng,  witli  sinuous-linecdate  coat  and  a  narrow- 
crested  riiaphe,  which  is  carunculate dilated  at  hiluni.     Herhs. 

*  *  Petals  8  to  12,  not  at  all  erumided  in  the  bud  (which  is  uever  drooping),  of  rather  firm 
texture,  deciduous  after  anthesis  of  a  few  days  :  stigmas  (2)  alternali-  with  the  nerviform 
placentjB,  i.  e.  over  the  valves :  acaulescent  herb. 

5.  SANGUINARIA.  Sepals  2.  Petals  obovate  to  oblong-spatulate.  Stamens  about  24. 
Ovary  oblong,  with  short  and  stout  style:  stigma.s  2,  thickish,  erect  and  partly  united,  iK-ing 
confluent  at-  their  bases.  Capsule  fusiform,  nearly  membranaceous.  Seeds  with  criwui- 
ceous  coat  and  a  loose-cellular  crest  to  the  rhaphe. 

*  *  *  Petals  4  to  6,  usually  crumpled  iu  the  bud,  thin  an.l  broad,  deci.lnous  after  anlliois 
of  one  or  more  days. 

■K-  Truly  shrubby,  2-carpellary :  stigmas  over  the  valves,  i.  e.  alternate  with  the  nerviform 
placentte :  flowers  lasting  two  or  three  days. 

6.  DENDROMECON.  Sepals  2.  Petals  4.  Stamens  very  many.  Ovary  narrow,  lipiK-d 
with  sliort  style  and  broadish  stigmas.  Capsule  linear, .strictly  one-celled,  ehuitieally  2-valved 
from  the  base  upward :  valves  firm-coriiiceous,  striatc-costatc,  tardily  and  often  incompletely 
detached  from  the  exiguous  placenta;.     Seeds  oval,  fleshy -carunculate  at  the  hilum. 

-1-  H-  Shrubby-based,  pluricarpellary :  stigmas  over  the  septiform  |)lacentie :  flowers  not 
drooping  in  the  bud,  lasting  for  a  few  day,s. 

7.  ROMNEYA.  Sepals  3  (rarely  with  a  dorsal  wing),  externally  strigose.  Petals  G. 
Stamens  very  many.  Style  none :  stigmas  7  to  12,  oblong,  firm  fleshy  and  thick,  partly 
cohering  in  a  ring  around  and  incurved  over  a  globular  epigynous  disk.  Ovary  and  cori;v- 
ceous  capsule  ovate  or  oblong,  strigose-hispid,  with  7  to  12  lamelliform  at 'length  coriaceous 
placentje,  some  or  most  of  which  meet  in  the  axis  and  so  form  partitions:  valves  7  to  12, 
opening  from  the  summit  downward  and  so  demidatiug  the  solid  placental  framework.  Seeds 
slightly  incurved,  with  scrobiculate  or  rugulose  and  dull  coat,  naked  at  rhaphe  and  hilnm. 
■4—   H—   -I—  Herbaceous  (except  one  Argeinone) :   stigmas  over  the  placenta; :  sepals  2,  or  l>y 

variation  3  and  then  petals  6. 

HH-   Capsule  4-20  carpellary,  dehiscent  only  at  top  or  to  near  the  miiblle. 

8.  ARGEMONE.  Flowers  erect  in  the  bud  and  short-peduncled  or  .sessile.  Herbage 
prickly.  Sepals  often  3  and  petals  6.  Stamens  many.  Ovary  strictly  1-cellod,  with  4  to  f. 
nerviform  placent;e:  stigmas  oval,  somewhat  radiate  and  uniteil  on  the  summit  of  very 
short  or  obsolete  style.  Capsule  4-6-valved  at  summit.  Seeds  scrobiculate,  naked,  but  with 
salient  rhaphe.     Juice  orange. 

9.  PAPAVER.  Flower-bud  generally  drooping  on  the  peduncle  until  anthesis.  Stamens 
very  many.  Ovary  and  capsule  (.-lobose  to  oblong,  capped  Ity  the  closely  .sps^sile  circular  flat 
or  somewhat  conical  disk  of  the  combined  radi.ate  stigmas,  and  dehi.xcent  only  nndi-r  (ho 
edge  of  it  by  as  many  dentiform  short  lids:  placenta;  4  to  20.  septiform.  mostly  projecting 
far  into  tlie  cell.     Seeds  scrobiculate,  naked.     Juice  mostly  white. 

10.  MECONOPSIS.  Flower-bud  dr<K>piiitj  before  anthesis.  Stamens  many.  Ovary  and 
capsule  tipped  with  a  style,  and  with  globular  m.nss  of  stigmas,  nnecellcd.  and  with  4  to  8 
more  or  less  intruded  placenta\  dehiscent  only  by  as  miinv  short  teeth  or  valveji  at  the  snm 
mit.     .luit-e  orange. 

•^   ++   Capsule  2-4-carpellary.  dehiscent  for  the  whole  length,  the  valves  completely  kc»|»- 

nnllnr     i'lmri    l  Iw   ■_'    (..    l    virnriM     yil  iii'iil  .1  ■•     iili.  !■   .  iriii  n.  ,  .r    m-H,  ,„ 


84  rAPAYEKACE.E.  Plahjslemon. 

11.  STYLOPHORUM.  Stamens  20  or  more.  Ovary  in  the  genuine  species  with  3  or  4 
nerviforin  i)l:u'i'nt;«  from  wliich  the  valves  of  the  capsule  separate  from  apex  to  base.  Style 
comparatively  long :    stigmas  3,  short  and  depressed,  confluent.     Seeds  scrobiculate-reticu- 

■  lated  :  rhaphe  prominent  and  crested. 

12.  CHELIDONIUM.  Stamens  rather  few.  Ovary  and  capsule  linear,  strictly  one-celled 
with  -2  nerviforni  placentae,  and  a  sliort  style  bearing  two  small  simple  stigmas:  valves 
membranaceous  at  nuiturity,  deliiscent  mostly  from  base  upward.  Seeds  smooth :  rhaphe 
crested. 

13.  GLAUCIUM.  Like  Chclkhnium,  but  mitre-shaped  stigmas  with  divergent  or  deflexed 
base  on  each  side,  and  coriaceous  capsule  2-celled  by  a  spongy  false  partition  between  the 
placentae,  in  which  the  scrobiculate  seeds  are  partly  embedded. 

Tribe  III.  HUNNEMANNLE.  Leaves  alternate,  teniately  decompound.  Flowers 
dimerous,  i.  e.  sepals  and  placentfe  2,  and  (deciduous)  jietals  4.  Torus  more  or 
less  dilated  and  excavated  under  or  around  base  of  the  pistil :  flower  thus  as  if 
perigynous.  Stamens  numerous.  Stigmas  twice  or  thrice  as  many  as  placenta? : 
ovary  strictly  one-celled.  Capsule  elongated  and  siliquiform,  terete,  striate- 
costate,  many-seeded,  elastically  '2-valved  usually  from  the  base  to  apex ;  valves 
coriaceous,  the  nerviforni  placentre  remaining  attached  to  their  margins,  or  im- 
perfectly separating.  Seeds  globular,  iuappendiculate.  Juice  of  herbage  mainly 
watery  and  not  acrid,  of  the  root  yellow.  Flowers  erect  in  the  bud,  in  anthesis 
usually  more  than  one  day,  normally  yellow.  Consists  of  the  adjacent  Mexican 
genus  Hunnemannla,  with  calyx  of  distinct  sepals  and  4  roundish  depressed 
stigmas,  the  nerviform  placenta?  j)artly  separating  from  the  valves,  and 

14.  ESCHSCHOLTZIA.  Torus  under  the  flower  dilated  and  hollowed,  cyatliiform. 
Calyx  calyptrate,  the  two  sepals  completely  combined  into  an  extinguisher-shaped  body, 
which  is  detaclied  at  base  and  pushed  off  at  the  expansion  of  the  4  petals.  Style  short  and 
stout  or  harilly  any :  stigmas  4  to  6,  subulate  or  setaceous,  unequal.  Cotyledons  said  to  be 
2-parted.     Chiefly  annuals 

1.  PLATYST^IMON,  Benth.  Ciieam-cups.  (nXarrs,  wide,  o-r^/^wi', 
stamen.)  —  Trans.  Hort.  Soc.  ser.  2,  i.  405  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  ol.  —  Single 
species,  remarkable  in  the  order  on  many  accounts,  among  them  for  anthesis  con- 
tinued for  several  days,  and  marcescent  petals  at  length  loosely  closing  over  the 
forming  fruit. 

P.  CalifornicUS,  Benth.  1.  c.  Low  and  slender  annual,  hispid  with  long  spreading  hairs, 
or  glabrate  :  leaves  mainly  opposite,  closely  sessile,  ligulate-linear,  obtuse,  uervose  :  peduncles 
a  span  or  more  long,  sonretimes  sca))ose :  petals  half  inch  or  less  long,  from  light  yellow  to 
cream  color  or  white  (rarely  roseate) :  mature  and  separated  carjiels  linear,  moniliform, 
sometimes  sparsely  hispid,  commonly  glabrous.  —  Lindl.  Bot.  Keg.  t.  1679;  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl. 
Gard.  ser.  2,  t.  394;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3.579;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  6.5,  with  vars. ;  Brew.  & 
Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  19,  with  var.  leiorarpus.  P.  leiocarpus,  Fisch.  &  Meyer,  Ind.  Sem. 
Hort.  Petrop.  ii.  47  (1835) ;  Hook.  Bot  Mag.  t.  3750,  a  mere  state.i  —  Open  ground,  through- 
out California  (excej.t  in  the  mountains),  also  S.  Utah  and  Arizona;  type  coll.  by  Douglas. 

2.  PLATYSTlGMA,  Benth.  (nXa-n^s,  broad,  o-Tty/^a,  stigma.)  — Pacific 
N.  American  low  annuals,  with  linear  mostly  opposite  leaves  and  light  yellow  or 
almost  white  flowers;  in  .spring. —  Trans.  Hort.  Soc.  ser.  2,  i.  406;  Benth.  & 
Hook.  1.  c.     Platystigma  &  Meconella  (Nutt),  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  64,  65. 

§  1.  Subscapo.se:  capsule  obovoid  or  clavate-ovoid,  of  rather  firm  texture, 
crowned  with  the  three  broad  and  obtuse  spreading  introrsely  stigmatose  tips  or 
stigmas. 

1  Add  syn.  t.P.  crinitus,  Oieone,  Pittniiia,  ii.  1?.  (P.  Californkus,  var.  crinitus,  Greene,  Fl. 
Francis.  2S2),  apparently  >m]y  a  weak  and  more  pubescent  I'oiin  of  the  inland. 


Arctomecon.  rAPAVKRACE/E.  85 

P.  lineare,  Benth.  1.  c.  407.  A  spau  or  twi>  lii;;h,  braiicliing  only  at  baso,  sparsely  l*arl>at<>- 
hifpici  ill  tlie  manner  of  Plalij-sUmou,  wliiili  il  resemhles:  leaves  all  sessile,  linear,  inoj.ll)- 
2  iuthes  lonj; :  petals  half  inch  loiij;:  stamens  numerous;  anthers  obloug-lineur.  —  Ilixjk. 
Ic.  t.  38,  &  Hot.  Ma^^  t.  3575;  Lin. 11.  Bot.  Keg.  t.  li>.54;  Torr.  &,  (iray,  Fl.  i.  f.5  ;  Brew.  & 
Wats.  1.  c.  20.1—  \v.  California,  from  Los  Angeles,-  to  Oregon  ;  type  coll.  iiy  iJuwjIas. 

§2.  Stems  leafy  aud  paniculately  braii(liiii<r,    filiform:    capsule   linear,   with 

thin  or  membranaceous  valves,  commonly  twisting  in  age :    stigmas  bubulate,  — 

Meconella,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  64. 

P.*  Oreganum,  Bknth.  &  Hook.^  Glabrous,  an  inch  (in  depauperate  plant4<)  U>  a  span 
or  two  higli,  witli  spreading  liranchcs  or  pefluncles:  leaves  a  quarter  to  at  most  an  imii 
long;  lowest  sjjatulate  or  ol<oval'.'  aud  eontructed  i.,i,o  pi-tiole;  ujiper  lincar-<)lilong  or 
linear,  sessile :  petals  4  to  G,  from  1  to  2  linns  in  lengtli :  stamens  (4  or)  6,  equal  or  nearly 
so  and  in  single  ri>w ;  anthers  oval,  very  mmh  shorter  tiian  the  filaments.  —  Bentli.  &  lIo<jk. 
ace.  to  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c. ;  Wats.  Bibl.  Iude.\,  43.  Meconella  Oreijamt,  Nutt.  1.  c  ;  Hook. 
Ic.  t.  360.*  —  Moist  or  dry  ground  in  spring,  Brit.  Columbia  to  Oregon;  first  made  known 
by  Nuttall. 

P.*  Calif ornicum,  Benth.  &  Hook.  Flowers  usually  larger :  petals  2  to  5  lines  long : 
stamens  ft  to  12,  uue(|ual  and  biseriate :  other  characters  closely  as  in  the  preceding  (of 
which  Dr.  Gray  regarded  it  a  form).  —  Gen.  i.  51;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  Meconella  Culi- 
fomlca,  Torr.  &  Frc'm.  in  Frem.  Hep.  312;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  31.  Pluti/slemon 
Torrei/i,  Greene,  Fl.  F'rauois.  283.  P.  Oreijamui,  M.  K.  Currau,  1.  c,  in  part.  —Low  hilbi,  &t.. 
Central  and  Southern  California. 

P.  denticulatlini,  Gkeexe.  Very  similar,  more  diffuse:  weak  stems  a  span  to  a  foot 
long:  leaves  from  linear  to  spatulate,  sometimes  callous-denticulate:  petals  a  line  or  two 
long,  apparently  white:   anthers  (6)  linear,  equalling  or  double  the  length  of  tliu  filaments. 

—  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  218.  Meconella  denticulata,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  59.^  — 
S.  California,  between  San  Bernardino  and  San  Diego,  and  on  the  adjacent  islands,  Cleve- 
land, Parish,  (jrecue. 

3.  CANB YA,  Parry,  ( William  Marriott  Canhj,  of  Delaware,  excellent 
botanist  and  friend.)  —  Singular  genu.s  of  two  minute  aeaulescent  annuals,  vernal 
productions  of  the  interior  desert,  glabrous;  with  a  tiny  root,  a  close  tuft  of 
exceedingly  short  and  densely  leafy  stems  or  branches,  sending  up  filiform  one- 
flowered  scapes  of  less  than  an  inch  in  length ;  the  leaves  crowded  but  mainly 
:ilternate,  fleshy,  oblong  to  Ihiear,  entire,  the  lowermost  a  line  and  upper  (juarter 
inch  long:  petals  not  over  2  lines  long. —  Parry  in  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii. 
61,  t.   1. 

C.  Candida,  Parky,  1.  c.     Petals  bright  white :   foliage  green.  —  Wat*.  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  429. 

—  S.  E.  California,  on  the  upper  part  of  the  Mohave  Hiver,  Palmer,  1876;  Cajou  Pas-s. 
Parish,  1882. 

C.  aurea,  Watson.  Petals  bright  yellow,  deciduous  in  age:  scapes  capillary:  foliage 
glaucescent.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  445. —On  the  sage  plains  of  S.  E.  On-gou,  June,  iu 
flower,  Howell. 

4.  ARCTOM:feCON,  Torr.  &  Frem.  ("Ap/cTo?,  :i  bear,  fiijKm',  iwppy,  from 
the  hirsuteuess.)  —  Frem.  Rep.  (1845),  312,  t.  2;  Henth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  .^2 ; 
Parry,  Am.  Nat.  ix.   139,  268;    Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  52,  t.  2;  Coville, 

1  Add  syn.  Platystemon  linearis,  M.  K.  Curran,  Proc.  Calif.  Aca.1.  Sci.  s.t.  2,  i.  2Vl. 

2  A  dubious  specimen  from  Ft.  Mohave,  Cooper. 

8  Description  modified  to  exclude  the  apparently  distinct  P.  Califomicum. 

*  Add  syn.  Plntystanon  Oregnnus,  M.  K.  Curran,  1.  c,  so  far  as  the  northern  plant  u  coQceiBwL 

6  Add  .syn.  Platji/tmondeHticulatus,  Greene,  Fl.  Franci.s.  28-'}. 


86  TArAVKUACK.E.  Arclomccon. 

Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  vii.  GG,  67,  *t  Coutrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  08,  oD.^     [By 

B.   L.   EOBINSON.] 

*   Capsule  obovoid. 

A.  humilis,  Covu.le.  Low,  4  to  7  iiKhcs  in  licight,  erect  leaves  oWanceolatc,  usually 
2-3-ileiitate  toward  the  apex,  hirsute-ciliate  ami  sparsely  villous:  scapes  naked  and  (ine- 
Howered  or  more  freijuently  steins  bearing  a  pair  of  subopposite  leaves  and  2-3-flowered : 
petiils  4,  suborbicular,  white,  three  fourths  ineli  in  diameter  :  filaments  flattened  and  slightly 
dilated :  capsule  4  lines  or  more  in  length,  two  thirds  as  broad,  splitting  about  to  the  middle  : 
style  short  but  present.  —  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  vii.  67,  &  C'ontrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  58. 
A.  Califomicum,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  53  (so  far  as  Dr.  I'arry's  plant  is  concerned), 
t.  2,  not  Torr.  &  Fre'm.  —  Desert  of  S.  W.  Utah,  on  the  Rio  Virgeu,  Parry,  no.  O. 

A.  Californica,  Torr.  &  Frem.  1.  c.  Taller  and  much  more  densely  clothed  witli  long 
gray  barl)ellate  hair:  leaves  crowded  at  the  base  of  the  plant,  oblanceolate  in  outline  or 
Habelliform-cuneate  and  several  toothed  at  the  apex :  stem  about  a  foot  high  bearing  about 
two  alternate  distant  reduceil  leaves  and  an  umbelliform  clu.ster  of  several  to  many  slender- 
pedunded  successively  t)pening  flowers  :  filaments  slender:  stigma  sessile.  —  Coville,  Cou- 
trib. U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  58.  —  S.  Nevada,  first  collected  by  Fremont,  rediscovered  in  the 
same  locality  near  Vegas  Ranch,  Lincoln  Co.,  by  Dr.  Merriam  &  V.  Bailey. 
*   *   Capsule  linear-oblong. 

A.  Merriami,  Coville.  Foliage  and  pubescence  much  as  in  the  last,  but  flowers  usuallv 
solitary :  sepals  3,  villous,  caducous :  ])etals  6,  white,  ol)cordate,  more  tlian  an  inch  iu 
diameter:  filaments  slender  but  slightly  dilated  upward:  cajKsule  narrow,  an  inch  and  a 
half  or  more  iu  length.  —  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  vii.  G6,  &  Coutrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  59. 
—  Near  the  same  locality  as  the  preceding,  Dr.  Merriam  &  V.  Bailey,  May,  1891,  no.  1890. 

5.  SANGUINARIA,  Dill.  Bloodroot.  (Named  from  the  blood-red 
juice.)  —  Hort.  Elth.  ii.  334,  t.  252  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  42.5.  —  Single  species,  vernal. 

S.  Canadensis,  L.  Rootstock  horizontal,  fleshy  and  tuberous,  crimson-red,  surcliarged  as 
also  the  glabrous  partly  glaucous  herbage  with  orange-red  acrid  Juice,  sending  up  in  early 
spring,  from  terminal  2-3-valved  buds  a  long-petioled  leaf  and  a  1-flowered  sca])e :  leaves 
reniforni,  palmately  and  obtusely  5-9-lobed,  reticulated :  lobes  repand-denlate  or  3-li)bed : 
scape  a  span  high,  naked  (has  been  found  with  a  pair  of  opposite  bracts  and  3  flowers 2) : 
petals  inch  or  less  long,  white,  sometimes  tinged  with  rose:  capsule  2  inches  long.  —  Spec. 
i.  505  ;  Lam.  HI.  t.  449  ;  Curtis,  Bot.  j\lag.  t.  162  ;  Bigel.  I\Ied.  Bot.  i.  75,  t.  7  ;  Lodd.  Bot. 
Cab.  t.  1840;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  62;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  116,  t.  49;  Sprague  &  Goodale, 
Wild  Flowers,  141,  t.  33.     S.  acuu/is,  Moench,  Meth.  227.     -S.  rernalis,  Salisb.  Prodr.  376. 

5.  (jrandiflora.  Sweet,  Brit,  Fl.  Gard.  ser.  2,  t.  147. —  Woods  iu  rich  soil.  Nova  Scotia  to 
Manitoba,  and  south  to  Arkansas  and  Florida. 

6.  DENDROMECON,  Benth.  (AeVVv,  tree,  /xr;/<o)v,  poppy.)  —  Ti-ans. 
Hort.  Soc.  ser.  2,  i.  407  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  54;  Hook.  Ic.  t..o7,  &  Hot. 
Mag.  t.  5134;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  32,  t.  3. — Single  species,  polymorphous 
in  foliage,  yellow-flowered,  in  spring. 

D.*  rigida,  Benth.  1.  c.^  Glabrous  and  rigid  shrub;  leaves  palo  r)r  glanrescent,  coriaceous, 
lanceolate  and  cuspidate-acuminate,  varying  to  oblong  and  obtuse  with  rigid  mucro,  entire 
or  ciliolate-denticulate  on  callous  margins  (those  of  seedlings  slightly  lobed),  very  reticulate- 
veiny  and  venulose  and  with  strong  midrib,  short-petioled,  in  age  falling  by  an  articulation  : 
flowers  naked-pedunculate  at  apex  of  branchlets :  sepals  orbicular  :  petals  very  broad,  about 
inch  long,  golden  yellow:  capsule  commonly  arcuate  at  maturity.  —  Torr.  &  Gr:iy,  Fl.  i.  64  ; 

1  III  the  light  of  Mr.  Coville's  recent  discoveries,  and  more  copious  material  secured  on  llie  De.itli 
Valley  Exploring  Expedition,  it  has  been  necess.ary  to  rewrite  the  treatment  of  this  sjeiins. 

2  A  .second  interesting  anomalous  form  is  described  by  A.  Foerste  (Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiv.  7-(, 
t.  67),  in  which  but  two  flowers  are  present  and  these  alternate. 

3  De.scrii>tion  .slightly  modified  to  exclude  the  following  species. 


Arfjevwne.  rAPAVKUACE.E.  87 

Fl.  Serres,  xiv.  t.  1411  ;   Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  22.  —  Dry  hill.-<,  C'alifuruia,  frum  San 
Diego,  San  Bernardino,  &c.,  to  Butto  Co. 
D.*   Harfordii,  Kellogc;.      Low  (u- arborescent  shrub;    Ilmvch  oval,  or  broiulh    ■ 
usually  vry  obtuse,  and  niueronatc  at  apex  (randy  Dvatc-lancL-olate  and  aiut<-),  ti. 

somewhat  less  harsh  than  in  the  prccciling;    margins  entire  or  inconspieuoutily  tri . 

never  so  scabrous-cilifdate  as  often  in  the  last:  axillary  buds  at  certain  sU'ige  in  their 
development  rigid  and  almost  tliorndike.  —  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  v.  102.  U.  jinilit, 
Greene,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  216.  D.  rii/ida,  var.  Ilai/ordii,  K.  Brandegeo,  Zoe,  iv.  8;».  — 
Lslands  off  coast  of  S.  California.  Dr.  Ktllogg's  sjtecies  sa*  originally  collected  on  S;mta 
Rosa  Isl.  is  said  to  be  a  low  shrub,  but  tlie  foliage  shows  no  constant  or  witisfactory 
differences  from  the  arborescent  D.  Jifirilis,  Greene,  of  Santa  Cruz  Isl.  Ksscntially  the 
same  plant  has  been  collected  upon  Santa  Catalina  Isl.,  Brandei/ee.  All  these  insular  forms 
are  unsatisfactorily  separable  from  each  other  and  none  too  definitely  distinguiHlied  from 
broad-leaved  forms  of  the  mainland,  such  as  Ilartweg's  1C41.  (See  T.  S.  Brandegee, 
Zoe,  i.  46.) 

7.  ROMNfiYA,  Harv.  (The  astronomer,  7\  Romney  Ruhinson,  friend  of 
Dr.  Coulter,  the  discoverer  of  the  phint.)  —  Loud.  Jour.  Bot.  iv.  74,  t.  3  (sti^'mas 
not  well  given) ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  31.  — Single  species,  large-  and  white- 
flowered,  with  colorless  bitter  juice. 

R.  Coulteri,  Harv.  1.  c  75.  Herbaceous  stems  3  to  8  feet  high  from  a  soft  woody  base, 
branching,  leafy  to  the  top,  glabrous,  glaucescent :  leaves  of  firm  texture,  pinnately  parted 
or  divided,  petioled;  divisions  or  leaflets  3  to  9,  cuneate-oblong  to  lanceolate,  sparingly 
dentate,  terminal  3-cleft,  margins  and  rhachis  often  sparsely  ciliate-spinulose :  flowers  short- 
peduncled,  terminating  the  branches,  delicately  fragrant,  a  few  days  in  anthesis :  pet.als 
bright  white,  2  inches  long :  capsule  inch  and  a  half  long.  —  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i. 
20;  W.  llobiuson,  Garden,  xxvi.  400,  t.  465. ^  —  Plains  and  ravines,  S.  California,  Ventura 
Co.2  to  San  Bernardino,  San  Diego  Co.  (and  Lower  Calif);  first  coll.  by  Th.  Coulter;  fl. 
all  summer. 

8.  ARGEMONE,  Tourn.  Puickly  Poi^'Y.  (Ancient  Greek  and  Latin 
name  of  some  herb,  transferred  to  this  American  genus  by  the  herbalist.^.) 
—  Setose  and  spinulose-dentate  herbs,  chiefly  annuals,  but  in  hot  countries 
becoming  indurated  and  lignescent  below,  leafy-stemmed  and  branching,  with 
orange-yellow  and  acrid  juice,  the  leaves  sinuate  or  pinnatilid,  commonly  varie- 
gated with  white.  Sepals  with  cornute  tip  or  appendage  below  the  apex.  —  Inst. 
239,  t.  151;  L.  Gen.  no.  422.*  —  Consists  of  the  following  species  or  forms, 
which  cannot  be  very  definitely  characterized. 

A.  FUUTic6sA,  Tliurber,  ./jWc  Gray,  PI.  Thurb.  306  ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  .!!>.  of 
Coahuila,  Mexico,  Tkurher,  Palmer,  is  very  glaucous,  with  small  and  fleshy  rigitl  leaves  and 
sessile  suli)hur-yellow  flowers,  and  has  the  branches  so  completely  ligneous-indurated,  that  it 
can  hardly  be  joined  witli  A.  Mexicana. 

A.  GRANDiFLORA,  Swect,  Brit.  Fl.  Card.  t.  226;   Lindl.  Bot.  Ueg.  t.  1264;    Hook  Bot.  Mag. 

t.  3073,  of  Mexico;  said  to  be  perennial,  has  white  petals  of  1^  tp  2  inches  in  length,  glabrous 

and  unarmed  stems,  sepals,  and  capsule,  yet  the  latter  occasionally  bears  a  few  spiniform  seta- 

A.  Mexic.^xa,  L.     Stems,  as  well  ivs  foliage,  also  sepals  and  capsule  more  or  1p.«mi  setcwo- 

prickly :  petals  dull  or  pale  yelhjw  or  odiroleucous,  an  inch  or  leas  long,  nearly  sessile  or 

subtended  by  small  leaves.  —  Spec.  i.  508  ;  Gray,  (ien.  111.  i.  112.  t.  47.  —  Wa.ste  place.-",  i-om- 

mon  southwartl  and  near  coast,  less  so  northward.     (Nat.  from  Mex.) 

1  W.  Am.  Scientist,  vili.  5,  with  plate  ;  Garti-iillora.  xl.  t.  13;V.i. 

2  Since  collected  on  the  Santa  Maria  Ilivcr,  Mrs.  Blochman. 

8  llccent  important  literature:  Praia,  An  account  of  the  Gl-uus  Arj/emonef  Jont.  hoL  xniii. 
125>-135,  17(5-178. 


88  P  A  r  A  \'  E  K  AC  E.E.  A  r;/rmo>ie. 

A.*  alba,  Le^tih.  Flowers  white,  somewhat  pedunculate:  capsule  anncil,  Imt  valves  thiu- 
nisli.  —  Hot.  Belg.  ed.  2,  iii.  pt.  2,  133,  ivs  interpreted  by  Prain,  1.  c.  A.  'Mlfora,  Ilornein. 
Hort.  llafn.  439  ;Sinis,  Bot.  Maj^.  t.  2342.  A.  Georyiuna,  Croom,  Am.  J.uir.  Sci.  xxv.  75. — 
Nebraska  to  Texas  and  S.  Atlantic  States. 

A.  platyceras,  Link  &  Otto.  Setose-hispid  all  over  (but  stem  sometimes  s])arsely  so) : 
petals  pure  wliite,  li  to  2  inches  long:  capsule  strongly  armed,  its  spines  sometimes  simple, 
sunu'tinies  herbaceous  below  and  again  prickly  down  their  sides.  —  Ic.  1*1.  Kar.  Hort.  Berol. 
i.  85,  t.  43  ;  Wats.  1.  c.  ^l.  his/jt'da,  Gray,i  PI.  Fendl.  5.  A.  munita,  Durand  &  Ililg.  Jour. 
Acad.  Philad.  ser.  2,  iii.  37,  &  Pacif.  K.  Rep.  v.  5,  t.  1.-  A.  ^fexlc<ln(t,  var.  hispi'da,  Torr. 
Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  31;  AVats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  13.  — Open  plains  and  banks  of  .streams, 
Rocky  Mountains  of  Colorado  to  California,  Tex.is.  &c.  (Mex.,  and  nat.  in  S.  Am.,  &c.) 
Var.*  ij6sea,  Coulter.  Flowers  rose-color  or  purplish.  — Contrib.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  30,  IL 
12.  —  S.  Texas  near  coast.  Corpus  Cliristi,  Neallc//.     (Coahuila,  Palmer.) 

A.  COrymbosa,  Green-e,  Habit  of  the  foregoing,  equally  prickly,  very  leafy  up  to  the 
crowded  corvmbose  cyme  of  flowers,  glabrous :  leaves  obovate  and  nearly  orbicular,  spar- 
inglv  repand,  the  faces  as  prickly  as  the  edges :  petals  white,  apparently  only  half  inch 
long:  capsule  4-5-valved,  rather  narrow  and  pointed,  only  aa  inch  long,  long-prickly. — 
Buil.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  59.  —  Mohave  Desert,  S.  E.  California,  Mrs.  Curran. 

9.  PAP  AVER,  Tourii.  Poppy.  (Latiu  name  of  Poppy,  of  obscure  deri- 
vation.) —  Annual  or  perennial  herbs  ;  with  narcotic  juice  milky,  rarely  turning 
yellow,  mostly  pinnately  lobed  or  dissected  leaves,  showy  flowers  solitary  on  long 
peduncle,  drooping  in  bud  except  in  the  large-flowered  perennial  species.  —  Inst. 
237,  t.  119,  120;  L.  Gen.  no.  423. 

*   Annuals  of  the  Old  World,  sparingly  and  locally  adveutive,  not  enough  so  to  count  as 
constituents  of  our  flora. 

P.  SOMNIFERDM,  L.  (G.vRDEN  or  Opium  Poppy.)  Glaucous,  glabrous,  or  peduncles  hispid  : 
leaves  clasping,  oblong,  undulate,  dentate  or  inci.sed :  condla  large,  purple  to  wliite:  cai)sule 
globular,  with  numerous  septiform  placenta.  —  Escajx'd  from  gardens  in  some  jjlaccs  at  the 
East. 

P.  lliKfeAS,  L.  (Corn  Poppy  of  Eu.)  Sparsely  hispid;  leaves  deeply  pinnatifid  and  lobes 
incisely  dentate  or  again  pinnatifid :  corolla  2  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  scarlet,  often  with  dark 
centre:  capsule  globular,  glabrous:  stigmatic  rays  and  placenta;  8  to  12.  —  Rare  in  l)allast 
grounds  :  found  occasionally  in  grain-fields 

P.  DUBiuM,  L.  Smaller  and  leaves  more  cut  into  narrower  lobes  than  in  the  last;  bristles 
on  peduncles  appressed:  corolla  paler  red:  capsule  oblong,  narrowed  at  base,  glabrous- 
stigmatic  rays  6  to  12.  —  Cult,  fields,  S.  Penn.  to  N.  Carolina,  local. 

P.  Argemose,  L.  Leaves  twice  piimately  parted  into  narrow  lobes  :  flowers  smaller,  red- 
purple:  filaments  dilated  upward;  capsule  davate,  usually  hispid:  stigmatic  rays  4  to  6. — 
Commons  at  Piiiladel])liia,  Dijfenbam/h 

*   *   Annual,  indigenou.s. 
P.*  Californicum,  Gray.^     Very  much  like  P.  dulmtm,  but  hairs  scanty,  much  finer: 

jictals  saffron  or  more  red,  with  lemon-colored  or  greenisli  eye  toward  the  base :    capsule 

(about  half  inch  long)  clavate-turbinate,  6-11-merous;  dehiscing  by  dentiform  sulxiuadrate 

valves  a  line  long  and  wide,  disclosing  the  placenta3.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  313;  Bran- 

degee,  Zoe,  ii.  121 ;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  280.     1  P.  Lemmoni,  Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  168,  a  very 

1  In  the  light  of  Miss  Eastwood's  notes  (Zoe,  iv.  4),  A.  HfsproA,  Gray,  differs  strikingly  in  the 
field  from  the  tj'pical  A .  platyceras,  the  former  being  much  more  densely  setose,  with,  generally 
much  finer  spines  or  bristles,  more  sessile  heads,  paler  foliage,  and  less  deeply  pitted  seeds.  It  is 
doubted,  however,  whether  these  differences  are  more  than  varietal,  as  apparent  intermediates  occur. 

2  Add  Greene,  Fl.  Franci.s.  281. 

3  The  description  of  this  species,  not  having  been  prepared  for  the  Flora  by  Dr.  Gray,  Ikis  been 
translated  from  his  original  publication  with  slight  alteration!?,  and  the  literatui-e  and  synonymy 
added. 


Chdiduuiuin.  I'Al'AVKUAl'E.i:.  8U 

nearly  related  if  not  confluent  species.  —  Santa  Inez  Mts.,  S.  Calif.,  Si„nce,  limndnjie,  north- 
ward to  Sau  Luis  Obispo  Co.  {P.  Lcmmoni),  ace.  to  Greene,  1.  c,  and  Houtli  at  leaiit  to  Lob 
An^reles  Co.,  ace.  to  McClatchie.  Especially  abundant  on  burns. 
*  *  *  Arclic-alpiiie,  acaulc^ccnt,  ]H'reiinial. 
P.  nudicaiile,  L.  Dwarf,  liirsute-hlspid:  leaves  all  in  a  rmlical  tuft,  ol)lonK-spatulate  or 
ol)ov:ite  in  uiulinc,  pinnatitid  or  below  pinnalely  divided;  divisions  spalulale  to  Unteolati-. 
entire  or  :2-3-cleft :  petals  lialf  inch  to  incii  lonj^,  rarely  orangt- or  wliitish:  capsule  fnmi 
short-obovate  to  turbinate-oblouf^,  nio.stly  hispid:  sti^niatic  rays  and  placenta;  4  to  7,  usually 
6  or  7.— Spec.  i.  507,  &  ed.  2,  i.  725  (Dill.  Kith.  t.  224) ;  vi  Dan.  t.  41  ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  7o'; 
I'vlkan,  Mououf.  Pa]).  10. —  Wliclhcr  or  not  liie  species  should  include  P.  aljunum,  L.  ui 
Kiiroju'iui   Alj)s,  ours  is  all 

Var.  arcticum,  Elkan,  1.  c.  with  dark  hairy  scapes  rarely  over  a  span  hij;h,  and  divis- 
ions of  leaves  entire  or  sparingly  cleft :  capsule  short  and  thi<k,  or  even  obovate-globo.se  (na 
iu  P.  microcarpum,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  71,  &  P.  nudicuule,  Keichenb.  Ic.  I'l.  Crit.  t.  742). — J'. 
alpinum,  Hook.  f.  Arc.  I'l.  284,313;  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  407. — 'rhrou;.jh 
Arctic  Coast  and  Islands  to  Hudson  Bay,  Uualask:i,  and  alpine  Kocky  Mountains  to  S. 
Colorado.     (Greenland   E.  to  Kanitschatka.) 

10.  MEC0N6PSIS,  Vi^niier.  (Mry/cwi',  poppy,  oi/^is,  reseiiiblauce.) — 
Poppy-like  herbs,  with  yellow  juice,  W.  Europeuu  and  Himalayan  pcreiioials, 
with  the  following  outlying  species. -^  Hist,  des  Pav.  11,  48;  DC.  Fl.  Fr. 
Suppl.  586,  &  Syst.  ii.  86;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  52. 

M.  lieteropliylla,  Bknth.  Glabrous  annual,  a  foot  or  two  high,  simjile  or  branching : 
leaves  soniewliat  succulent,  i)innately  parted  or  divide<l,  mostly  petioled  ;  divisions  varialde, 
from  oval  to  linear,  entire  or  incised,  or  some  pinuatifid :  peduncles  slender :  petals  half 
inch  to  inch  long,  pale  scarlet  or  orange-red  :  capsule  turbinate  to  obovate,  with  style  .shorter 
than  the  width  of  the  truncate  summit,  dehiscent  by  about  8  operculate  lids  rather  than 
valves  at  summit. — Trans,  llort.  Soc.  ser.  2,  i.  408;  Hook.  Ic.  t.  732;  Torr.  Pacif.  K.  Kep. 
iv.  64;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Rot.  Calif,  i.  22.  J/,  heteroplu/l/n  &  ^f.  crassljhiia,  Benth.  I.e.; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  61. ^  —  Dry  ground,  throughout  W.  California;  type  coll.  by  DuwjUis; 
fl.  summer.     (Lower  Calif.) 

11.  STYL6PH0RUM,  Nutt.  (Formed  of  orvXos,  style,  and  <^€/>a,,  to 
bear,  the  style  couspieuous.)  —  Perennial  herbs  with  orange-yellow  juice,  of  an 
anomalous  Japanese,  another  Himalayan,  and  the  following  original  .species.  — 
Gen.  ii.  7  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  113,  t.  48. 

S.  diphyllum,  Nutt.  1.  c.  (Celandine  Poppy.)  Minutely  pubescent  or  glabrate:  stems 
a  foot  <ir  two  high,  two-leaved  at  summit  and  sometimes  one-leaved  below:  leaves  petioled, 
pinnately  parted,  the  radical  into  7,  cauline  mostly  into  5  to  7  oblong  or  oval  sinuatiMlentate 
divisions,  upper  ones  more  broadly  conHuent:  peduncles  3  to  5  in  an  umbelliforni  clust(>r 
between  the  subopposite  leaves,  slightly  drooping  iu  bud  :  petals  golden  yellow,  orbicuhir, 
inch  or  less  long,  early  deciduous :  style  abru])t,  rather  shorter  tlian  the  ovary :  cajisule 
drooping,  oval,  about  an  inch  long,  beset  with  soft  sjireading  l)ristles:  ])Iacentie  3  or  4; 
seeds  reticulated,  the  rhaplie  strongly  crested.  —  Gray,  Man.  27,  &  Gen.  111.  i.  114,  t.  48 ; 
Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4867.  N.  (lipln/llnm  &  S.  i>etiolntiim,  Nutt  1.  c.  7,  8.  .^■.  Olueus,',  Spreng. 
Syst.  ii.  570.  ChclUloninm  (lijilii/lliim,  Miclix.  Fl.  i.  300.  Me  con  ops  in  (hphi/lhi  &  M.  pttioluln. 
DC.  Syst.  ii.  87,  88.  .1/.  (hplii/l/a,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  61.  — Moi.st  womls,  \Y.  Penn.  to 
Wisconsin,  and  Tennessee ;  ii.  spring  and  early  summer. 

12.  CHELIDONIUM,  Touni.  Celandinr,  Sw.\i.i.(.w-w(.i:t.  (An- 
cient Greek  name,  from  ;)(£/\tSo)i'.  tiie  swallow.)  —  Inst.  231,  t.  116;  L.  (nii.  no. 
424.  —  Now  of  single  species. 

C.  mAjus,  L.  Perennial  or  biennial,  with  brittle  branching  stems  (2  to  4  feet  high)  and 
copious  orange  and  acrid  juice,  glaucous,  more  or  less  jiuhcscent:  leaves  petiok-d,  pinnately 

1  Add  syn.  Papaver  heterophyUum,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  281 ;  P.  crassi/olium,  tSreene,  MaJi.  Riy- 
Res.  9. 


90  PAPAVERACE.E.  Glaucium. 

divided  or  parted  ;  divisions  oval,  obtusely  sinuate-pinuatifid,  incised  or  dentate,  upper  ones 
confluent ;  peduueles  terminal  and  axillary,  umbellately  several-flowered ;  flowers  uoddiug  in 
the  bud :  petals  yellow,  lialf,  iucli  or  less  long :  linear  capsules  inch  or  two  long.  —  ISpec.  i. 
505.  —  Waste  and  moist  ground  near  dwellings;  fl.  summer.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

13.  GLAtJCIUM,  Tourn.  Horned  Poppy.  {TXavKLov,  the  aucieut 
Greek  name,  from  the  glaucous  foliage.)  —  Annuals,  biennials  or  subperennials, 
of  the  Old  World,  one  sparingly  naturalized.  — Inst.  254,  t.  130;  Hall.  Enum. 
Ilelv.  i.  304. 

G.  LUTEUM,  Scop.  A  foot  Or  two  high,  wHth  stout  and  rigid  stems,  glaucous,  also  pubescent : 
leaves  thickish ;  radical  bipinnatifid,  hairy ;  upper  catdine  sinuate-pinuatifid,  auriculate- 
clasping :  flowers  mostly  solitary,  terminating  the  branches :  petals  golden  yellow,  inch  or  so 
long :  capsule  a  span  to  a  foot  long,  filiform,  rigid,  curved :  stigmas  with  divaricate  or 
deflexed  base.  —  Fl.  Carn.  ed.  2,  i.  369  ;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,  26.  G.jiacitm,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  94. 
t'lielidonlum  Glaucium,  L.  Spec.  i.  506;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  585.1  —  Sandy  sea-shore,  Montaulc,  New 
York/^  to  Virginia,  in  a  few  places;  fl.  summer.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

14.  ESCHSCHOLTZIA,  Cham.  (Dedicated  by  Chamisso  to  Br.  J.  F. 
Eschscholtz,  his  companion  in  the  scientific  expedition  under  Kotzebue,  during 
which  the  original  of  this  familiar  genus  was  by  them  collected.  Menzies  had 
collected  it  long  before.) — Pacific  N.  American  low  annuals,  or  the  original 
species  perennial,  pale  and  glaucescent,  mainly  glabrous  ;  with  petioled  leaves 
dissected  into  narrow  linear-spatulate  to  filiform  lobes,  and  (normally)  yellow 
pedunculate  flowers,  in  spring  and  summer.  Watery  juice  of  herbage  with  odor 
like  that  of  hydrochloric  acid,  that  of  root  yellowish.  Cotyledons  of  the. common 
species  notched  and  in  germination  2-cleft.  —  Cham,  in  Nees,  Honii  Phys.  Berol. 
73,  t.  15;  Cham.  &,  Schlecht.  Linutea,  i.  554;  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  344.^  Chryseis, 
Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1948 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  63. 

*  Dilated  torus  funnelform,  bearing  an  expanded  rim  outside  of  the  insertion  of  the  calyp- 

trate  calyx :    mature  seeds  with  a  coarse   and  salient   superficial    reticulation  of  tiie 

episperni :  flowers  lasting  for  3  or  4  days. 

E.  Californica,  Cham.  1.  c.    Flowering  as  an  annual,  but  short-lived  perennial  with  thickish 

brandling  roots,  at  length  a  foot  or  two  high  and  leafy -stemmed :  petals  flabelliform,  inch 

and  a  half  long  at  the  largest,  saffron  or  orange,  varying  to  pure  yellow:  expanded  rim  of 

the  torus  when  fully  developed  a  line  or  two  wide,  but  varying  down  to  less  than  half  that 

width.—  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1168;    Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  t".  265;    Hook.  Bot.  JNIag.  t.  2887; 

Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1635  (mostly  narrow-rimmed  form);    Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  vii.  48,  t.  140. 

E.  crocea,  Benth.  Trans.  Hort.  Soc.  ser.  2,  i.  407 ;  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1677 ,  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl. 

Gard.  ser.  2,  t.  299;    Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3495.     E.  tennifolia,  var.,  Benth,  PI.  Hartw.  296, 

not  of  Trans.  Hort.  Soc,  nor  of  Hook.     Chn/seis  compacta,  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1948.*    C.  (or 

1  Add  syn.  Glaucium  Glaucium,. Karst.  Deutsch.  Fl.  649. 

2  Eastward  to  Rhode  Island,  Peckham. " 

8  Recent  literature  :  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  271-273;  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  GG- 
72,  1S2,  1S3;  K.  Brandegee,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  24.5-251,  &  Zee,  i.  278-2S2.  While  Mrs. 
Brandegee's  observations  on  the  intergradation  of  these  plants  are  .substantiated  by  specimens,  the 
general  reduction  of  fonns  so  different  to  one  si^ecies  is  undesirable. 

4  Add  syn.  E.  compacta,  Walp.  Rep.  i.  116,  a  species  recently  restored  by  Prof.  E.  L.  Greenu, 
who  regards  it  as  strictly  annual.  E.  tenuisecta,  Greene,  Pittouia,  i.  169,  is  a  form  of  the  same. 
E.  Californicum,  as  wdely  drawn  by  Dr.  Gray,  should  probably  include  also  the  following  species, 
based  largely  upon  vegetative  and  doubtfidly  trustworthy  characteristics.  E.  leptandra,  Greene, 
Pittonia,  i.  169,  a  very  glaucous  form  with  short  and  rather  broad  leaf-segment.s.  (Neither  the 
number  of  stamens  nor  the  length  of  the  anthers  furnishes  a  satisfactory  distinction.)  E.  cucullata, 
Greene,  Erythea,  ii.  120,  a  maritime  form  with  leaves  "  compact  and  small,  all  the  divisions  broad, 
when  young  strongly  cucullate-incurved  and  even  in  age  noticeably  so."  E.  glauca,  Greene,  Pittonia, 
i.  45,  a  glaucous  form  ^vith  delicate  foliage. 


Exchsclioltzia.  I'Al'ANKltACE.E.  <Jl 

A'.)  Doiu/lasii,  &  Califoniicn,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  C.tU  ;  Ilouk.  &  Arn.  Hut.  Beei-Ji.  .Tl'j. — 
Oreyuu  aud  through  the  whole  length  of  California,  most  tomiium  ulung  tlie  i<j;»>t,  where 
also  most  perennial  and  semporflorent.  The  var.  DoKi/lasii  in  a  form  wjtli  narrower  t«iriw- 
rim,  and  i)ure  yellow  corolla.     First  coll.  liy  Minziis,  later  hy  CIkiihissh  &,  Ksriiscliullz. 

?E.*  ambigua,  (Jrkenk.  Annual,  dwunda-nt,  glaucous  and  sialirous-pulicrident  through- 
out: otherwise  scarcely  distinguishalde  from  forms  of  tlie  preceiling.  —  Fl.Fnincis.2HC; 
Man.  Hay-Keg.  11.  —  Central  California  near  the  coast,  San  Lui.i  Ol.ispo,  Mr.  ,y  Mm. 
I.i'iiimnn,  Mt.  Dialilo,  acc.  to  Greene,  and  (?)  at  Castroville,  liidndtijev. 

E.*  maritima,  Gukkne.  Perennial,  den.sely  cinereous-pnlieruleut :  stems  "  pnwtrate."  verv 
leafy  :  cauline  leaves  rather  small,  with  short  crowded  segments:  calyptm  of  the  luid  short- 
oblong,  half  incli  ill  length,  aliru])tly  narrowed  to  a  blunt  apex:  petals  three  fourths  imh 
long,  "lemon-yellow  with  a  rhomboidal  spot  of  orange  at  biise:"  jmmI  an  inch  and  a  half 
in  length;  .seeds  nearly  smooth.  —  I'ittonia,  i.  GO.  —  Abundant  on  clayey  slopes  near  the 
sea,  Sau  Miguel  Island,  California,  (ininie. 

E.  peninsularis,  Gkkkne.  Winter  annual  (or  sometimes  perennial  t),  tufted  and  many- 
stemmed  from  the  tap-root,  at  fir.st  scapo.se,  a  span  or  two  high :  petals  flabelliform  or 
hroadly  cuueate,  golden  yelhnv,  .5  to  8  lines  long;  expanded  rim  of  the  torus  conspicuous: 
seeds  less  favose-reticulated.  —  Hull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  68,  18.3. — Common  in  S  California, 
from  San  Bernardino  Co.  to  San  Diego,  &c..  Coulter,  Pmish,  Oicittl,  &c. ;  also  :us  far  nortii 
as  upper  part  of  Salinas  Valley,  Brewer.     (Lower  Calif.) 

*  *  Dilated  torus  cyathiform  or  tubular-campauulate,  destitute  of  exjtanded  rim  or  Iiorder, 
although  the  edge  sometimes  becomes  sphacelate  and  a  little  ftcurved  in  age,  a  hvaliue 
internal  edge  (within  tlie  insertion  of  the  calyx)  commonly  a  little  i)rojecting:  annuals, 
mostly  low  or  slender. 
•i—  Petals  from  one  thinl  to  two  tliirds  or  rarely  an  inch  long,  broadly  cuneate,  hunting  more 
than  one  day. 

-H-   Seeds  superficially  reticulated  or  almost  smooth. 

E.  ramosa,  Grkenk.  Glaucous  and  glabrous,  with  rigid  erect  stems  branching  above,  verv 
leafy  to  tlie  top:  leaves  much  di.ssected  into  narrow  linear  and  divaricate  divisions  and 
lobes;  upper  usually  surpassing  the  short-peduncles:  ])etals  ([uarter  to  half  inch  long,  light 
yellow  (or  orange  in  drying):  torus  turbinate. —  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  217.  JC.  tlii;iiii.i, 
var.  ramosa,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  182.  E.  Californiai,  var.  In/ptcoules,  Wats. 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  112  (form  with  smaller  flowers).  —  Santa  Cruz  lslau<l  off  Santa  Barbara, 
California,  Greene,  San  Clcmeute,  Xn-iii  &  Lijon.  (Lower  Californian  islands,  Slrtcl:, 
Palmer,  Greene.) 

E.  CSespitosa,  Benth.  (ilaucous,  sparsely  hispidnlous  below  wlien  young,  or  else  quite 
glabrous,  commonly  leafy  only  at  base,  and  the  leaves  with  narrow-  or  cuneate  linear 
ascending  divisions  and  lobes:  peduncles  ehmgated:  earlier  ones  .scapiform.  a  span  or  two 
long;  later  ones  from  more  or  less  leafy  steins  :  petals  pure  yellow,  half  inch  to  inch  long: 
torus  tui-binate  to  oblong-turbinate. — Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  272;  E.  caspitosa  &. 
E.  tenuijhlia,  Benth.  Trans,  llort.  Soc.  ser.  2,  i.  408,  therefore  C/in/.ieis  ni.i/il/osa  &  C.  (en<ii- 
folia,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  G.'J,  64.  E.  Cnlifornica,  var.  /iifpecoide.i,  Brew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif, 
i.  2.3.  E.  Doiirjlasii,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  64.  E.  Anst'nuv,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Ac:id. 
Sci.  i.  69. — Common  throughout  California,  especially  northwiird  and  westward. 

Var.  hypeCoid.es,  Gray,  1.  c.  Leafy  stenimeil,  slender  (:i  sp.in  to  a  foot  high).  «ith 
coarser  lobes  to  the  leaves,  and  petals  Inilf  inch  long  or  less.  —  E.  /n/piroidis,  Benth  1.  c. 
CJiri/seis  hi/pecoides,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  64.  —  W.  California,'  CoulUr,  IhnujUis,  &e.  No  scckls 
seen :  torus  u.sually  narrow. 

E.  Mexicana.  Giu-kni:.  AVholly  ghibrous,  glaucous,  low  and  .scajmse  or  with  later  leafy 
braiK-lies:  leaves  of  thick  and  firm  texture  and  rather  coarsely  ami  compactly  dis.<ected  : 
l)eduncles  2  to  10  inches  long:  jietals  orange  yellow,  very  broad,  half  inch  to  :xlmost  inch 
long:  torus  turbinate  or  campanulate  — Hull.  C:ilif.  Ac:ul.  Sci.  i.  6'.» ;  (iriy.  1.  c.  E. 
Domilasii,  var.  parrnla,  Gray.  PI.  Wright,  ii.  10. —  Plains  of  Arizona,  S.  I'taii.  and  New 
Mexico,-  Biijelow,  TIntrher,  Neirherrji,  Janvier,  Mrs.  Thompson,  liu.tlii/,  &c.  (Adj.  Mex.  Ik-Iow 
El  I'aso,  Wright,  Guadalupe  Islaml,  Lower  Calif.,  E.  eler/atis,  Greene  ?) 

1  Northward  to  OrcL'oii,  Huictll.  '^  San  Hcrnardiiio  Co.,  Cilif.,  Pansh. 


U2  PAPAVERACEiE.  EschschoUzia. 

++  ++  Seeds  with  thick  gray  coat  and  large  deep  pits. 

B.  glyptosperma,  Gkeene.  Dwarf,  wholly  seapose :  leaves  much  dissected  into  crowded 
tilituriii-liuear  divisions :  scapes  a  span  high :  petals  very  broad,  hardly  half  inch  long :  seeds 
globose,  coai-sely  tuberculate-favose,  the  coriaceous  meshes  nearly  as  broad  as  the  pits. — 
Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  70.  —  S.  E.  California,  on  the  Moliave  Desert,  Mrs.  Curran.  Prob- 
ably also  on  eastern  slope  of  San  Jacinto  Mountain,  Parish  (E.  Paris/iii,  Greene,  1.  c.  183), 
and  S.  Utah,  Mrs.  Thompsoit,  and  Bill  Williams  Fork,  Biyelow  (Pacif.  R.  Kep.  iv.  64,  under 
E.  Doufflasii,  var.  tenuifolia),  but  seeds  not  seen. 

++++++  Seed-coat  strongly  muricate-squamose  :  leaves  with  narrow  and  comparatively  few 
divisions. 

E.  tenuifolia,  Hook.  Minutely  hispidulous-pubescent  below,  or  glabrous,  seapose  and 
tufted  from  the  slender  root :  divisions  of  the  leaves  seldom  over  9  or  11 ,  mostly  narrow- 
linear:  scapes  a  span  or  more  high:  petals  liglit  yellow,  at  most  half  inch  long:  torus 
turbinate:  seeds  oval,  densely  muricate  with  oblong  obtu-^e  flattened  processes  in  about  12 
longitudinal  rows.  —  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4812,  excl.  syn. ;  Greene,  1.  c.  70,  excl.  syn. ;  not  Benth. 
E.  Douglasii,  var.  tenuifolia,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  64.  E.  Californica,  var.  ccespitosa,  Brew. 
&  AVats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  23,  excl.  syn.i  —  California,  valley  of  the  Sacramento  and  adjacent 
foothills  of  the  Sierra  Nevada ;  first  coll.  by  Fremont. 

4—  4—  Petals  quarter  inch  long  or  less,  obovate,  soon   deciduous :   seeds  with  reticulate 
surface. 

E.  minutiflora,  Watson.  Glabrous,  leafy-stemmed  and  branching,  a  span  to  a  foot  high : 
leaves  thickish,  small :"  peduncles  mostly  shorter  than  the  slender  (inch  or  two  long)  capsule  : 
petals  a  Jine  or  two  long,  broadly  obovate.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  122;  Brew.  &  Wats. 
1.  c. ;  Greene,  1.  c.  E.  Californica,  var.  hypecoides,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  14,  excl.  syn. 
E.  modesta,  Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  169.  — N.  Nevada,  S.  Utah  to  W.  Arizona  and  southern 
borders  of  California;  first  coll.  by  Newberry  in  Arizona,  by  Watson  in  Nevada. 

E.  rhombipetala,  Gkeene.  Sparsely  scabro-hispidulous  below  or  glabrate,  depressed- 
spreading,  very  leafy  at  base,  a  span  or  two  high  :  peduncles  stout,  subscapose,  hardly 
exceeding  the  tufted  leaves,  mostly  longer  than  the  large  2  or  3  inch  long  capsules  :  petals 
rhombic-obovate,  a  quarter  inch  long,  fugacious.  —  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  71.  -Valley  of 
the  San  Joaiiiiin  and  Sacramento,  Mrs.  Curran. 

Recently  published  species  of  doubtful  affinity. 

E.*  Lemmoni,  Gkke.ne.  "  Annual,  6  to  12  inches  high,  with  numerous  ascending  branches 
h-aiy  l)elow,  hoary  pubescent  throughout,  e\'en  to  the  capsules,  with  short  spreading  white 
hairs;  leaves  with  elongated  petioles;  peduncles  stoutish,  quadrangular,  the  earliest  scapi- 
form ;  torus  urceolate,  3-4  lines  long,  nearly  glabrous,  constricted  just  below  the  narrow, 
erect  hyaline  border;  calyptra  ovate,  long  acuminate,  very  conspicuously  hairy;  petals 
orange-color,  nearly  or  quite  an  inch  long."  — West  Am.  Sci.  iii.  157  ;  Fl.  Francis.  287.— 
"  Fields  near  Cholame,  San  Luis  Obispo  Co.,  Mr.  ^  Mrs.  Lemmon."  The  character  quoted 
from  the  original  description. 


Order  IX.    FUMARIACEtE. 

By  a.  Gkay. 

Nr^.arpst  Papaveracece,  now  more  commonly  combined  ^ith  that  order ;  but 
always  with  bland  watery  juice,  and  irregular  dimerous  flowers  with  definite  (0) 
diadelphous  stamens  in  a  more  or  less  closed  corolla.  Leaves  compound,  usually 
much  dissected,  tender,  alternate.  Sepals  2,  small  and  scale-like.  Petals  4  in 
two  pairs  ;  outer  (lateral  ones)  with  spreading  tips,  one  or  both  spurred  or  saccate 
at  base  :  inner  pair  narrower,  with  callous-crested  tips  cohering  over  the  enclosed 
1  Add  syn.  E.  cicspiiosa,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  287,  not  Benth. 


Vkenlra.  FUMARI.U"!:.!:.  93 

stigma,  which  is  flattened  contrary  to  and  has  lobes  alternate  with  the  placentju. 
Stamens  two  sets  of  three  each,  the  phalanxes  opposite  the  outer  and  lar^jjer  pilals  : 
middle  anther  of  each  2-eelled,  lateral  ones  l<'elled.  Ovary  1-celled  with  two 
parietal  several-ovuled  placentae  ;  in  fruit  usually  a  siliquiform  capsule,  with  the 
two  valves  falling  away  from  the  nerviform'  placentju,  as  in  most  of  the  Pajxne- 
racem.  Stigma  often  2-horned  or  2-lobed  on  each  side  alternate  with  the  placenta'. 
Ovules  amphitropous  or  anatropous.  Seeds  with  minute  embryo  in  Heshy  albu- 
men. Fumaria  has  a  one-ovuled  ovary,  becoming  an  indeliiscent  nuculaceous 
fruit. 

*  Corolla  liiufilibous  or  two-spurred;  tlic  two  outer  and  hirf^er  (hilenil)  jietala  similar: 
ciijisiile  sili(|iiiforin,  several-seeded. 

1.  ADLUMIA.  Petals  permanently  united  into  a  snlu-ordaie  siioncjy-cellular  or  ni.ircesecnt- 
persistent  corolla,  enclosing  the  slender  ripe  capsule  Stamens  liigii-monadelplious,  at 
summit  diadelphous.     Seeds  crestless. 

2.  DICENTRA.  Petals  less  or  sliglitly  uiiited  into  a  2-spurred  or  merely  2-;,'il.l)ons  n«'(ta- 
rifenius  cnrnlla.  Stamens  diadeljjlious ;  tlie  filaments  of  eacii  jtlialaiix  partly  or  li;,'litly 
cohering,  at  least  abt)ut  the  middle,  or  distinct.     Seeds  mostly  crested.    Peilicels  2-ljracteolate. 

*  *  Corolla  with  only  one  of  the  outer  petals  spurred  or  gil)l)ous  and  nectariferous,  \>\ 
torsion  becoming  posterior,  all  erect  anil  convenient  U])  to  the  shut  ti|»s  of  the  outer.  A 
nectariferous  spur-like  process  from  tlie  base  of  the  filaments  on  that  si(k'  projects  into 
the  petal-spur. 

3.  CORYDALIS.  Capsule  few-many-seeded.  Seeds  with  a  concave  arilliform  cre.st. 
Style  mostly  jiersistent.     Corolla  deciduous. 

FUMAKIA.  Flower  of  Cori/dalis  on  a  small  scale.  Style  deciduous.  Ovary  uni-ovulate. 
Fruit  a  one-seeded  nutlet.     Old  World  genus. 

F.  OFFICINALIS,  L.  A  widely  branched  low  annual,  with  finely  dissected  foliage,  and  ilonso 
racemes  of  small  flesh-colored  flowers  with  dark  crimson  tips,  —  a  weed  in  and  about  gardens 
and  on  dunghills,  —  can  hardly  be  said  to  be  naturalized  in  this  country. 

1.  ADLtJMIA,  Raf.  (Major  John  Adlum,  a  cultivator  at  Washington  in 
the  early  part  of  the  century.)  —  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  352,  &  in  Desv.  Jour. 
Bot.  ii.  169  (1H09)  ;   DC.  Syst.  ii.  111.  —Single  species. 

A.  cirrhosa,  Kaf.  1.  c.  Glaucous  biennial  or  annual,  glabrous  l)ranching,  leafy,  climbing 
over  shrubs  by  means  of  the  tendril-like  petiolules :  leaves  .'B-pinnate,  usually  i|uiuately 
divided  ;  leallets  small,  obovate  or  cuneate,  mostly  3-5-lohed  :  flowers  numerous  in  loo.<c  and 
axillary  cymose  panicles:  corolla  white  with  tinge  of  flesh-color,  in  age  becoming  dull 
colored  and  scarious:  stigma  4-lobe(l ;  seeds  8  to  12,  black  and  shining. —  Darlingt.  Kl. 
Cestr.  399;  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Card.  t.  189;  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  68;  Gray,  (ien.  III.  i.  122, 
t.  51  ;  Sprague  &  Goodale,  Wild  Flowers,  67,  t.  13. ^  FuiiKirin  fiini/osa,  Ait.  Kew.  iii.  1. 
F.  recta,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  51.  BicucuUa  fumarioides,  Borkh.  in  Ua-m.  Archiv.  i  pt.  2,46.  (^'.i/»- 
noides  scandens,  Mamch,  Meth.  Snppl.  21. 3.  Corj/dalis  fnuffosn.  Vent.  Choix  Cels,  t.  19.  — 
Low  and  shaded  grounds,  New  Brunswick  to  Lake  Superior  and  mouutiiins  of  N.  Carolina; 
fl.  summer. 

2.  DIC:&NTRA,  r.()rkh.,  IVrnh.  (A,'?,  /ccVrpor,  two-spiMT.Ml  :  but  nanu>  is 
printed  Diclytra,  from  8i?  and  kX.vtpov,  said  to  mean  "■  with  two  spurs."  while 
there  is  no  such  word.) — Perennial  and  glabrous  herbs;  with  variously  com- 
pound leaves,  none  climbing  except  the  peculiar  Himalayan  sertirm  'f  Durfi/fo- 
cafmos ;  the  genuine  species  all  E.Asian  and  the  following. — Hi-rnh.  I.iini:i':». 
viii.  457,  468  ;    Endl,  Gen.  859;    Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  119,  t.  50.     J)ir/,//ni  S^  Caj,- 

1  Add.syn.  A.fun<ios:i,  Creeiu'.  in  Torr.  Club.  Preliin.  C;it.  -V.  \..\. 


94  FUMARIACEJ:.  Dkemra. 

norchis,  Borkh.  1.  c.  Diclytra,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  1 07.  Dielytra,  Hook.  Fl.  Bur.-Am. 
i.  35.  Capnorchis  (Boerh.),  Planch.  Fl.  Serres,  viii.  828.  Bicucullata,  Juss. 
fide  L.  Gen.  ed.  6,  no.  841).-'  (Much  uouki  liave  been  saved  if  Bernhardi  had 
taken  the  name  Capnorchis.) 

§  1.  CUCULLAKIA.  Acaulesceut"  and  scapose  :  corolla  white  or  tipped  with 
cream-color  or  flesh-color,  flattened:  a  gland  or  gibbosity  at  base  of  middle  fila- 
ments, the  more  conspicuous  as  the  nectariferous  petals  are  more  saccate  :  seeds 
crested. —  Capnorckis,  Boerh.  Ind.  Alt.  PI.  Hart.  Lugd.-Bat.  309,  not  Borkh. 
Bicucullata  or  Cucullaria,  Juss. 

*   Inflorescence  .simple  aud  racemiform,  several-one-flowered,  the  uppermost  flower  earliest: 
petioles  aud  scapes  a  span  high :  leaves  ternately  decompound,  tlie  lobes  linear  or  nearly 
so.  —  jyicentra,  Bernh.  Linntea,  viii.  468. 
D.  TEXUiFOLiA,  DC.  (that  is,  Diclytra  tenuifolia  &  D.  lachennliajlora,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  110, 
Cori/dalis  tenuifolia,  Fursh),  described  from  Pallius's  specimens,  belongs  to  the  Asiatic  coast  and 
is  not  know-n  on  the  American  side.     It  is  distinguished  by  its  fibrous  roots  from  a  small  root- 
stock,  very  much  and  finely  dissected  leaves,  the  divisions  very  narrow,  acute,  and  crowded, 
1-5-flowered  scape,  corolla  nearly  an  inch.  long,  the  narrow  upper  half  of  the  outer  petals 
recurving. 

D.  pauciflora,  Watson.  A  span  or  more  high  from  thickish-filiform  and  fleshy  creei)iiig 
and  branching  rootstocks  which  bear  small  granular  bulblets:  leaves  small,  2-3-ternate  and 
tlie  divisions  laciniately  subpinnatifid  into  lanceolate-  or  spatulate-linear  lobes :  scape  bearing 
2  or  -3  or  sometimes  solitary  nodding  flowers :  corolla  almost  inch  long,  white  or  sliglitly 
fle.~h-colored,  withering-persi:?tent ;  outer  petals  with  saccate  spar  and  linear-oblong  recurving 
tip  considerably  shorter  than  the  body  ;  inner  witli  ligulate  claw  abruptly  contracted  at  apex 
into  a  short  stalk,  which  abruptly  dilates  into  the  elongated  ligulate-spatulate  lamina :  style 
elongated.  —  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  429.  —  N.  California,  Jiear  snow  on  Scott  Mountains,  in  summer, 
G refine ;  also,  at  less  elevation,  near  Castle  Lake,  Lemmon.^ 
D.  uniflora,  Kellogg.  Smaller,  2  to  4  inches  high,  from  a  fascicle  of  narrow-fusiform 
and  pei-peudicular  fleshy  tubers :  leaves  less  com])Ound  and  lobes  more  spatulate :  scape 
1-2-flowered  :  flower  seemingly  erect,  half  incli  long ;  outer  petals  merely  gibbous-saccate  at 
ba.«ie,  their  spatulate-linear  recurving  tips  very  much  longer  than  the  body ;  inner  with 
lamina  dilated  and  hastate  at  base  directly  from  the  oblong-lmear  claw :  style  short. —  I'roc. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  iv.  141,  with  fig.;  Brew".  &  AVats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  24;  Coulter,  Man.  Rocky 
Mt.  Reg.  14.  —  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  near  Cisco  and  Sierra  Valley,  Kellof/u,  Lemmon  ; 
high  mountains  of  Wyoming  and  Utah,  Coulter,  C'hadbourne,  &c. ;  Mt.  Adams,  Washing- 
ton, Sulcsdorf. 
D.  Canadensis,  DC.  (SoriRRKL-coRN.)  A  span  or  two  high,  from  filiform  creeping 
mot  stocks  bearing  clusters  of  golden  yellow  fleshy  grains  about  the  size  of  those  of  Indian 
corn  (each  the  t1'i>rKened  base  of  a  petiole  or  in  place  of  it)  :  leaves  usually  once  or  twice 
ternately  and  then  quinatcly  compound,  then  pinnately  parted  into  linear  divisions  :  scape 
bearing  few  or  several  nodding  fragrant  flowers :  corolla  pearl-white  or  tinged  with  rose, 
tardily  deciduous,  at  most  inch  long,  cordate  in  outline  (the  saccate  bases  short  and  round- 
i.<h),  outer  petals  connivent  up  to  the  short  ovate-saccate  spreading  tips ;  inner  conspicu- 
ously wing-crested  on  the  back  at  summit.  —  Prodr.  i.  126  {Diclytra);  Hook.  Bot.  Slag, 
t.  3031  (Dielytra);  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i,  67  (Dieli/tra)  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  120.  t.  .50. 
D.  eximia.  Beck,  Bot.  23  (Diclytra).  D.  eximia,  var..  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  3.5  (Dielytra) ; 
Darlingt.  Fl.  Ce.st.  399  (Dielytra).  Corydnlis  formo.sa,  FuTsh,'F\.  u.  4e,2,  Tpurily.  C.  Cana- 
densis. Gt)ldie,  Edinb.  Phil.  .Jour.  vi.  330;  Thom.a.s,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  xxvi.  114,  with  plate.8  — 
Woods  in  vegetable  mould.  Nova  Scotia  to  Michigan,  Penns'U .inla  :in(l  Kinitnoky,  but 
chiefly  northward ;  fl.  spring. 

1  Add  sj'n.  Capn'iTchis  &  Capnode.i,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  278,  280. 

2  Reported  by  Coville  (Contrib.  U.  S.  Nnt.  Herb.  iv.  60)  from  near  Mineral  King,  Tulare  Co., 
Calif.,  wliieh  greatly  extend.s  the  ranjre  of  the  species. 

8  .\dd  syn.  BicncHlla  Cana<len.'ns,  Millsf).  Fl.  W.  Va.  327. 


Dicentra. 


FUMAIUACH.E.  O-J 


D.  Cucullaria,  I^C.  (DuTtnMAN's  Bheixuks.)  Rutlier  lar;,'<r,  with  similar  f.iliri-;f; 
tulifrdus-lliickeiicd  suliterraiieaii  leaf-hases  angular,  white  ur  rcihliwli,  cullfctcil  to  form  si 
kind  o!  scaly  llcshy  liulh:  seape  in-aring  several  noihling  flowers  (in  Oregon  sometimeH 
paniculate) :  corolla  (leci(hu)us  in  fruiting,  white  witii  yellowish  tips,  divergently  2-(»purre(l 
at  base,  the  spurs  as  long  as  the  hody  and  longer  than  the  pedicel;  crest  of  inner  ]M-tuls 
small,  semioval,  bladdery.  — Syst.  ii.  \()^  {/>irl;/tnt)  ;  Hook.  M.  Bor.-Am.  i.  35  (l)iil^tra); 
Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c  GG  (Did'/lra) ;  Lemaire,  111.  Ilort.  vi.  t.  215  {/iiil,/ir<i).  J)icl,/lm 
Canadensis,  Horkh.  1.  c.  46.  Jiicncnllala  {('(niddnnsis),  Juss.  Act.  I'ar.  IT.'J.'J,  cited  :u»  L'lirnl- 
/«rirt,  Juss.  by  L. ;  whence  Fitmaria  C«c«//ani»,  L.  Spec.  ii.  099  ;  Sim.s,  Hot.  Mag.  t.  1127. 
F.  pallida,  Salisb.  Prodr.  377.  Con/dalis  Cucullaria,  Ters.  Syn.  ii.  209.  Cumluriu  hull-Ma, 
Kaf.  Med.  Kep.  liex.  2,  v.  352,&  in  i)esv.  Jour.  liot.  ii.  109  (lK()9).i  {/)irli/l,a  l,rart,osa,  DC 
Svst.  ii.  109,  would  seem  to  be  a  monstro.sity  of  this  species,  prolial)ly  from  Canada.)  — 
"\Voods  in  vegetable  mould.  Nova  Scotia  to  L.  Huron,  .south  to  N.  Carolina  in  the  monntaiim 
and  Missouri,  and  northwest  to  Idaho  and  Oregon-  (where  occurs  an  oliscure  form  with 
much  shorter  and  rounded  spurs) ;  fl.  spring. 

*   *    Inflorescence  thyrsoid,  subulate-bracteate,  flowering  for  a  long  time,  ami  the  usually 
rose-purple  or  flesli-colored  cordate  corolla  withering-jtersistent  around  the  fruit :  tijis  <if 
the  inner  petals  rather  conspicuously  crested  on  the  i)ack  :  glands  of  the  fllaments  obso- 
lete (stigma  with  a  double  pair  of  lobes  in  both  species)  :  jdants  about  a  fo(jt  high  fr<ini 
rather  stout  and  fleshy  branching  and  spreading  rootstalks:  leaves  once  or  twice  ter- 
natcly  compound  and  then  quinately  or  piunately  dissected  into  rather  coarse  oblong  ancl 
incised  divisions,  usually  green  above,  glaucescent  beneath. —  Eucajmos,  Beruh.  Linmea, 
viii.  468. 
D.  formosa,   DC.     Corolla  cordate,  and  with  very  short  ucck  under  the  short  and  ovate- 
cvmliifurm  spreading  tips  of  the  outer  petals  ;    crests  of  inner  petals  little  surpassing  their 
tii)s;    all  the  petals  united  up  to  above  the  middle.  —  Syst.  ii.  109  (/>/<//// /(»),  excl.  syn. 
I'ursh  and  eastern  habitat ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  665  {Dlcli/lra)  ;   Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif. 
i^24,  ii.  429.     Dleli/lra  saccata,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  I.e.  67.     D.  crimia,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.- 
Am.  i.  35,  excl.  var.  Fumaria  formosa,  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  vi.  t.  393  (flowers  poorly  repre- 
sented);   Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1335.     Cor i/dalis  formosa,  Spreng.  Syst.  iii.   162.      Eurapnos 
formosa,  Beruh.  1.  c.  —  In  woods,  Brit.  Columbia  to  tlie  middle  of  California  ;   first  coll.  liy 
Meuzics.     Occasionally  with  yellowish  flowers  as  in  coll.  Rattan. 
D.  eximia,  DC  1.  c.  {Dir/i/tra).     Corolla  tapering  from  the  cordate  ba.se  into  a  longer  and 
uarrower  neck,  early  separating  to  much   l)elow  tlie  middle ;   lax  tij)s  of  the  outer  j)etals 
longer  and  acuminate  ;    of  the  inner  surpassed  by  the  jjrolonged  apex  of  the  crest.  —  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.   665    (fJieli/trn)  ;    Gray,   .Man.  29.      Fumaria  e.rimia,  Ker,  Bot.   Ueg.  t.   50. 
F.  formosa,  Poir.  Suppl.  v.  684.      Cori/dnlis  formosa,  Pur.sh,  Fl.  ii.  402,  excl.  syn.  &  var. ; 
Tliomas,  Am    Jour.  Sci.  xxvi.  114,  with  plate.     Ei(ra/mns  erimins,  Bernh.  1.  c.-'  —  Wo<«lcil 
l)anks,  W.  New  York  (station  not  now  known),  to  the  mountains  of  Virginia,  N.  Carolina, 
and  Tennessee  ;  perhaps  fir.st  coll.  by  Li;on. 

§  2.  Chrysocapxos,  Torr.  C:iule.sceiit  and  bniiuliini.'  stoiit-roott^il  peren- 
nials :  inflorescence  compound,  thyrsoid-paniculate :  corolla  yellow,  snhtorete, 
deciduous  ;  outer  petals  barely  gibbous  at  base,  hardly  larger  than  the  inner : 
stamens  high-diadelphous :  slender  persistent  style  at  dehi.scenee  of  the  capsule 
usually  fissile  up  to  the  stigma  into  four  portions,  two  answering  to  tlie  valves 
and  two  to  the  placentae  :  seeds  crestless,  the  coat  dull  and  rough. 

D.  chrysantha,  Hook.  &  Arv.  Pale  and  glaucous :  stem  stout,  erect,  2  to  5  feet  higli : 
leaves  twice  or  thrice  pinnate,  and  the  more  or  less  confluent  divisions  ]iinnate]y  3-5  deft  or 
incised:  thyrsus  elongated,  many-flowered:  flowers  erect,  half  to  three  fourths  inch  long, 
golden  yellow;  outer  petals  soon  spreading  or  recurving  to  below  the  midille.  miicroiiatp 
beyond  the  small  saccate  tip;  inner  dorsally  crested  with  a  long  and  wide  umltilato  or 
crisped  wing.  —  Bot.  Beech.  320,  t.  73  {fJirli/tra) ;   Torr.  &  (Jr.iy,  V\.  i.  605  {f)irl,/tra) ;   Torr. 

1  Add  syn.  Biamdla  Citcullarin,  Millsp.  1.  c.  •J  \V:ishiiif;toii,  Sid-silor/. 

8  Add  syn.  Bicuculla  eximia,  Millsp.  1.  r. 


06  ^  FUMARTACEiE.  Dicenlra. 

Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  32 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  24.  Capnorchis  chiysantha,  Planchon, 
n.  Serres,  viii.  193,  t.  820.  —  Dry  hills,  California,  from  Lake  Co.  to  San  Diego  and  farther, 
first  coll.  by  Douglas ;  fl.  summer. 
D.  OChxoleuca,  Engelm.  Flowers  an  inch  long,  ocliroleucons  ;  only  the  tips  of  the  outer 
petals  spreading  ;  the  inner  with  purple  tips  and  still  larger  winged  crests  :  otherwise  liko 
the  preceding,  of  which  it  may  be  a  form.  —  Bot.  Gaz.  vi.  223.  —  Valleys  of  the  Santa 
Monica  Mountains  near  Los  Angeles,  California,  Engelmaun  ;  sandy  washes,  Temescal,  San 
Bernardino  Co.,  Ljjoii.^ 

3.  COIl"^DALIS,  Vent.  (KopvSaAAis,  Latin  Corydalm,  ancient  name  of 
the  crested  lark.)  —  Herbs  of  wide  range  and  various  habit ;  none  of  ours  at  all 
cirrhose  and  climbing.  —Vent.  Choix  Cels,  19;  DC.  Fl.  Fr,  ed.  3,  iv.  636,  & 
Syst.  ii.  113;  Benth.  «&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  55,  excl.  Cysticapnos  (which  is  original 
CorydaUs,  Dill.),  «fec. 

§  1.    Perennial  and  simple-stemmed  from  a  tuber.  —  Bulbocapnos,  Bernh. 
C-  pauciflora,  Pers.     A  sj)an  high,  from  a  simple  or  double  oblong  tuber,  l-3-leaved  below : 

leavc.-i  1 -2-tcrnately  divided  or  jjarted  ;  divisions  obovato  or  spatulate,  mostly  entire  ;  raceme 

capituliforra,  2-7-tlowered,  leafy  bracteate :    corolla  three  fourths  inch  long,  long-spurred, 

purple.  —  Syn.  ii.  269 ;  Deless.  Ic.  Sel.  ii.  t.  9  ;   Hook.  Fl.  Bor  -Am.  i.  37  ;   Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl. 

i.  70;    Ledeb.  Ic  t.  450.     Fumaria  pancijlora,  Steph.  in  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  861.  —  N.  Alaska 

and  Islands.     (E.  Siberia  to  Caucasus.) 

C.  amhi'gua,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.,  comes  as  near  as  Arakamtcliem  Island,  on  the  Asiatic  side 
of  Bering  Strait,  Wriyht. 

§  2.  Perennial,  from  thickened  roots,  branching,  with  ample  2-3-pinnate 
leaves  and  many-flowefed  racemes  :  stigma  with  6  lobes  or  processes,  one  pair 
terminal,  one  medial,  and  one  basal :  capsules  oval  or  oblong,  rather  few-seeded. 
Western. 

*  Flowers  rose-colored :  root  tuberous-thickened  :  stem  squamose  at  base,  leafless  for  con- 
siderable height,  then  few- and  large-leaved.  (Here  the  Siberian  C.  p(eonuffolia,FeTS., 
Si  C.  girjantea,  Trautv.  &  Meyer.) 

C.  Scouleri,  Hook.  Stem  a  foot  to  a  yard  high,  1-3-leaved  above:  larger  leaves  thrice 
pinnate,  then  pinnately  parted  into  oblong  obtuse  divisions  of  an  inch  or  two  in  length, 
glaucous  beneath  :  corolla  fully  inch  long,  cylindrical  spur  thrice  the  length  of  the  body.  — 
Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  36,  t.  14.  C.  Scouleri  &  C.  macrophylla  (Nutt.),  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  69.  — 
Woods  of  Columbia  River  near  the  coast,  Scouler,  Cooper,  &c. 

*  *  Flowers  cream-color  or  white,  mostly  with  bluisli  tips :  stems  erect  from  strong  peren- 
nial roots,  2  to  5  feet  high,  leafy  throughout,  glaucescent :  leaflets  oval  or  oblong,  half 
inch  to  inch  long,  mucronate  :  racemes  terminal,  dense  :  corolla  inch  or  less  long ;  the 
nearly  straight  spur  fully  twice  the  length  of  the  rest  of  the  flower  :  species  or  forms, 
probably  all  to  be  reunited. 

C.  Caseana,  Gray.  Stem  rather  lax  and  succulent :  hood  of  the  outer  petals  concave,  with 
spreading  margins,  pointless  or  .short-pointed,  and  bearing  a  rather  broad  and  apically  pro- 
jecting d(irsal  crest :  mature  fruit  unknown,  tlie  forming  capsules  barely  half  inch  long, 
elliptical,  obtuse.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  69  ;  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  429.  C.  BidweUue,  Wats. 
1.  c.  —  In  water  or  on  very  wet  banks,  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  from  Truckee  Kiver  to  the 
Big  Spring  district  in  Plumas  Co.,  Bolander,E.  L.  Case,  Lemmon,  Mrs.Ausfin,  Mrs.  Bidv^ell, 
Pnrrif. 

C.  Cusickii,  Watson,  1.  c.  430.  Raceme  more  braeteate  :  flowers  white  or  purplish,  with  tips 
of  inner  petals  violet ;  hood  of  outer  petals  emarginate  by  the  development  of  broad  thin 
margins  which  are  recurved  over  the  narrow  and  undulate  dorsal  crest :  capsule  oblong, 
turgid,  half  inch  long,  "  elastically  dehiscent  from  the  apex  downward,  forcibly  projecting 
the  seeds"  (Cusich);  seeds  nearly  smooth  with  a  conspicuous  orbicular  carunculate  crest. — 

1  Near  Chblame,  San  Luis  Obispo  Co.,  Lemmon;  San  Rafael  Mts.,  Ford. 


Conjfluluf.  FUMARIACE.E.  97 

Coulter,  Mau.  Rocky  Mt.  Reg.  U.  —  l?liu'  Mountains  and  Enf^lo  Cn-i-k  Range,  along  alpine 
watercourses,  Cusi<k,  1877;  W.  Malio,  on  the  ridge  aUovc  Clearwater,  W'aison,  lnH). 
Largest  leaves  :i  feet  long. 

C.  Brandegei,  Watson,  1.  c.  Stem.s  2  to  5  feet  higii :  dornal  i-rest  of  the  ho«)dK  oltnolL-te 
anil  rounded  summit  not  eniarginatc,  hut  margins  roi-urve<l  :  capt<ulej<  Hliort-uviil  to  ohloiig, 
oblusc,  reHe.xed  on  the  asceuding  pedicels:  seeds  with  a  small  ariilifonu  ercst.  —  Ci.ulti  r, 
1.  c.  —  Mountains  of  S.  W.  Colorado,  liraudeyte,  1874,  Lieul.  McCauley,  1877;  Utah,  in  tlif 
Wasatcii  Mouutains,  at  about  10,000  feet,  on  rather  dry  banks,  M.  E.  Jimis,  18"'J,  llookrr  &. 
Grai/,  1887. 
§  3.    Annuals  or  (chiefly)  biennials,  mostly  branclRd  from  the  Iklsu,  with  fiin-ly 

dissected  leaves  and  siliqiiilorm  capsule. 

*   Stem  strict:  flowers  purple  or  rose-colored  with  yellow  tips. 

C.  glauca,  Pdrsh.  a  foot  or  two  high,  except  in  depauperate  specimens,  very  glaucous: 
lobes  of  the  leaves  mostly  sjjatulate  :  racemes  short,  panicled  at  the  naked  summit  of  the 
liranches:  flowers  barely  half  inch  long:  spur  short  and  roundeil  :  capsnie  .^lender  and 
linear;  seeds  minutely  rugulose  transversely.  — Fl.  ii.  4f>:^ ;  Hook.  P^l.  Bor.-Ain.  i.37;  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  69.  Fnmaria  sempervirens,  L.  Spec.  ii.  700,  but  in  no  way  evergreen.  F.plnura, 
Curtis,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  179.  Capnoide.s  sempervirens,  Borkli.  in  Hum.  1.  c.  44.  Corydalls  sem- 
pervirens, Pers.  Syn.  ii.  269. — Rocky  or  sterile  ground,  Nova  Scotia  t<»  the  northern  Rocky 
Mountains  (and  even  to  Brit.  Columbia  and  Arctic  Coast),  south  to  Tcxits;  fl.  summer. 
*  *  Low,  ascending  or  diffuse  :  flowers  yellow  :  apparently  all  biennials  or  winter-aTinuals, 
but  a  common  western  one  seemingly  more  enduring.' 
H—  Hood  or  sac  of  the  outer  petals  at  most  cariuate  but  not  wing-crested  upon  the  back. 

C.   aurea,   Willd.     Comnu)nly  low  and  sj)readiug :   flowers  golden  yellow,  about  li;i" 
long,  on  rather  slender  ])eilirels  in  a  sliort  raceme  ;  spur  l)arely  lialf  the  length  of  tl 
somewhat  decurved  :    capsules  spreading  or  pendulous,  about   inch   long,  terete,  i 
when  dry,  lO-12-seeded  :   seeds  turgid,  obtuse  at  margin,  the  shining  surface  ouscurtiv  it- 
ticulat.^d.  —  Enum.  740;   DC.  Syst.  ii.  12.5,  partly;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  37  ;  Torr.  &.  (iniy, 
Fl.  i.  68,  mainly;    Gray,  Gen.  111.  I.  124,  t.  52,  &  Man.  29.     C.  aurea,  var.  inirrantlia,  Wats. 
Bot.  King  Exp.  14.     C.  aurea,  var.  macmutlui.  Wood,  Bot.  &  Fl.  34.     Fauhnii  aurea,  Ker, 
Bot.  Reg.  t.  66.*  —  Rocky  banks,  Lower  Canada  and  N.  New  England,  northwest nanl  to  Int. 
61°,  west  to  Brit.  Columbia  and  Oregon,  scmth  to  Texiis,  Arizona.     (Adj.  Mex.,  but  n.^ 
Ja])ai'i.)     Western  forms  with  spur  almost  as  long  as  the  body  of  the  corolla  and  passing 
into 

Var.  OCCidentalis,  Engelm.  More  erect  and  cespitose,  from  a  stouter  and  some- 
times more  enduring  r(Jot:  flowers  rather  larger  and  s]»ur  (almost  as  long  as  the  body) 
commonly  ascending :  capsules  thicker,  less  tonilose,  sometimes  miiuitely  prninos.'.  i  - 
incurved-ascendiug  on  short  spreading  pedicels  :  seeds  less  turgid  and  aculish  at  the  n; 
—  Engelm.  in  Gray  (PI.  Fendl.  6),  Man.  ed.  5,  62.  C.  wmitana,  Kngclm.  I.  c. ;  Wo.,,;,  i:  ... 
&  Fl.  34.8  —  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  W^.  Texa-s,  Arizona.  (Adj.  Me.\.)  The  typical  form 
of  this  (well  represented  by  Pringle's  198  from  Chihuahua,  and  the  plant  about  El  Paso)  by 
itself  seems  quite  specifically  distinct,  and  nearly  approaches  the  next  species. 

C.   CUrvisiliqua,    Exgklm.     Commonly  robust,  ascending  or  erect,  a  f«Mit  or  less  hich  : 
flowers  golden  yellow,  ovser  lialf  inch  long,  in  a  spiciforin  raceme;    spur  equjilling  t' 
in  length,  commonly' ascending:    capsules  rather  stout,  quatlr.mgnlar,  inch  and  a  In 
2  lines  thick,  incurved-a.«icending  orstraighti.sh  on  verj- short  and  thickish  diverging  j  ■ 
seeds  turgid-lenticular  with  acute  margins,  the  surface  thickly  and  minutely  muricul.iii.  — 
Engelm.  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  63.     C.  auren,  var.  curvisiliqua.  Gray,  Pro<-.  Acail.  Phila«i. 
1863,  .57  (but  the  plant  of  Hall  &  Harbour  is  rather  C.  nurea,  vnr.  orcithtilivi''      •     -    -  • 
var.,Gr.ay.  PI.  Wright,  ii.  lO,'*  —  Woods  and  thickets.  New  Braunfels,  &c..  Ton 
-1—   -»—    \  conspicuous  wing-liko  crest  on  the  Imck  of  the  IkhmI  or  sa(   if  tfi.   • 
developed  in  cleistogamous  flowers). 

1  For  Dr.  Gr.ay'.s  preliminary  treatment  of  tliis  difTicult  pronp,  -spc  1' 

2  Add  syn.  Capnnides  aurcum ,  Kuntze,  ncc.  to  Rritton,  Mem.  Torr.  CI;!,,  \.  i'^'.. 
*  Add  .syn.  Capnoides  monUinum,  Rritton,  1.  r.  166. 

4  .\iM  svn.  Cnjmoidi's  rurviiiUquum,  Kuntze.  ace.  to  Uiition.  1.  o. 

7    • 


98  FUMARIACE^E.  (  on/dalis. 

C.  crystallina,  Engelm.  Ascending  or  nearly  erect,  a  foot  or  less  high :  flowers  bright 
yellow,  aliuiit  two  thirds  inch  long,  in  a  rather  close  or  strict  spike;  spur  mostly  horizontal, 
nearly  as  long  as  tiie  body;  dorsal  crest  sliorter  than  the  lunul  but  A-cry  liroad  and  salient, 
usually  3-4-dentate :  capsules  linear-oblong,  terete,  half  or  tliree  fourtiis  inch  long,  erect  on 
extremely  short  pedicels,  densely  pruiuose  with  (when  fresh)  transparent  crystalline  vesicles 
(as  in  the  Ice-plant):  seeds  with  acute  margins,  the  coat  minutely  tubercular-reticulated. 
—  Engelm.  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  .5,  62.  C.  aurea,  var.  crystallina,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  665.1  — 
Prairies  and  fields,  Arkansas  and  S.  W.  Missouri ;  first  coll.  by  Ntittall. 

C.  flavula,  DC.  Slender,  soon  diffuse,  branching:  flowers  usually  pale  yellow  (rarely 
"bright"  or  even  "deep"  yellow)  a  fourth  or  third  inch  long,  slender-pedicelled  and  con- 
spicuously bracted ;  spur  short  anddecurved;  outer  petals  surpas.sing  the  inner,  acute  or 
acuminate;  dorsal  crest  very  salient  and  3-4-deutate:  capsules  linear  and  slender,  torulo.se, 
pendulous  or  spreading  on  filiform  pedicels:  seeds  comparatively  large,  acutely  wing- 
margined,  toward  the  margins  rugose-reticulated. —  Prodr.  i.  129;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  61. 
C.  aurea,  var.  flavula,  Wood,  Bot.  &  Fl.  34.  C .  flavldula,Chwpm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  604.  Fumaria 
flavuia,  Raf.  in  Desv.  Jour.  Bot.  i.  224  (1808).2  —  Rocky  or  gravelly  places,  Canada,  on  shore 
of  L.  Erie,  to  Virginia,  Tennessee,  Missouri,  and  Louisiana. 

C.  micrantha,  Ghay.  Slender  and  diffuse,  a  span  or  two  high,  with  habit  of  Cjlarnl'i,  but 
with  smaller  bracts  and  short  pedicels:  flowers  pale  yellow;  when  well  developed  fully  a 
third  inch  long,  narrow,  with  s\tuT  a  line  or  two  long,  and  a  lunate  mostly  entire  crest  on 
the  hack  of  the  mucronate-tijjped  hoods ;  often  producing  only  cleistogamous  and  smaller 
flowers,  destitute  of  spur  and  witli  or  without  the  crest :  capsules  linear,  torulose,  a.scending 
on  short  pedicels:  seeds  turgid  and  obtuse  at  margins,  as  in  true  C.  aurea.  —  Bot.  Gaz.  xi. 
189.  C.  aurea,  var.  micrautha,  Engelm.  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  62.  C.  aurea,  var.  nustralis, 
Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  604.^  —  Waste  or  open  ground,  coast  of  N.  Carolina,  Havard,  to  Florida, 
Texas,  and  Missouri.*  Dr.  Havard  only  has  yet  collected  specimens  showing  both  the 
ordinary  flowers  and  some  cleistogamous  and  spurless  ones. 


Order  X.     CRUCIFER^. 

The  genera  Draha,  Lesrjuerella,  Nasturtium,  Dn/Ojictalon,  Plati/spermum,  Seloua,  Parri/a, 
Learenworthia,  Dentaria,  Cardamine,  Arahis,  and  Streptanthus  by  S.  Watson  ;  the  remaining 
genera,  together  with  the  ordinal  character  and  generic  key,  by  B.  L.  Robinson. 

Herbaceous  or  rarely  snffruticose  plants  with  a  watery  juice.  Flowers  perfect, 
regular,^  racemose,  spicate,  or  somewhat  corymbose,  and  (with  rare  exceptions) 
ebracteate.  Sepals  4,  usually  oblong,  often  colored,  erect  and  appressed  to 
the  corolla  or  spreading  during  anthesis ;  the  outer  pair  median  ;  the  inner 
j)air  lateral,  similar  or  more  saccate  at  the  base.  Petals  4  (rarely  wanting), 
hypogynous,  in  a  single  whorl,  equal,  alternating  with  the  sepals,  more  or  less 
distinctly  unguiculate,  entire,  infrequently  bifid  or  very  rarely  toothed  or  lobed, 
yellow,  white,  roseate,  or  purple.  Stamens  normally  6  (rarely  4  or  2),  hy- 
pogynous, of  unequal  length  (didynamons) ;  the  two  outer  ones  lateral,  shorter 
than  the  others,  opposite  the  inner  sepals;  the  remaining  four  (arising  by 
collateral  chorisis  of  an  original  median  inner  pair)  longer,  nearly   opposite  the 

1  Add  syn.  Cnpnoides  cryHnUinum.  Kuntze,  1.  c. 

2  Add  syn.  Cnpnnides  flnrHlum,  Kuntze,  1.  c. 

3  Add  syn.  Capnoides  micrantlium,  Britten,  1.  c. 

4  Said  by  Patterson  (PI.  111.  3)  and  Hill  (Bull.  Torr.  CI.  xvii.  172)  to  grow  throughoiit  Illinois; 
also  reported  from  Minnesota  by  MacMillan,  Metasji.  Minn.  Val.  2.5.0.  Specimens  from  these  States 
have  not  been  seen  by  the  editor. 

^  Except  sometimes  in  Strepturdhus. 


CRUCIFEK.E.  !)I) 

petals;  filaments  sometimes  (lilat('<l  or  toothed  helow ;  anthers  2(-l)-cclkMl, 
loiigitiulinally  dehiscent,  eoinmonly  innate,  entire  or  sa^Mtlate  at  the  biise,  randy 
contorted  Or  spirally  coiled.  Honey  glands  always  present  upon  the  rerepUul.-, 
distinct  or  more  or  less  confluent  in  lateral  jtairs  flanking  the  shorter  bUaieus, 
or  less  frcijuently  also  between  the  bases  of  the  longer  j)airs  of  stamens.  Car[H!!, 
2,  lateral,  united;  ovary  superior,  2-f'elled  (rarely  unicellular,  or  by  the  intrusion 
of  false  transverse  partitions  several-celled  in  Ruphanus)  ;  cells  collateral  or  in 
one  tribe  (Cakilinea:)  superposed,  1-many-seeded ;  placentae  parieUil  or  rarely 
basal;  style  simide,  elongated,  short,  or  undeveloped,  often  persistent;  stigma 
terminal,  regular  and  circular  in  outline  or  more  or  less  distindly  2-lobed ;  the 
lobes  being  either  lateral  or  median :  ovules  horizontal  or  pendulous  or  rarely 
(when  solitary  in  indehiscent  cells)  erect,  campylotropous  or  aniphilropous.  Fruit 
capsular,  2-valved,  or  rarely  indehiscent,  eith(?r  elongated  (silique)  or  relatively 
short  and  broad  (silicel),  terete,  prismatic,  or  more  or  less  strongly  compressed, 
either  laterally  and  parallel  to  or  obcompressed  contrary  to  the  partition,  some- 
times inflated  or  wing-margined ;  seeds  exalbuniinous ;  the  outer  coat  often 
becoming  mucilaginous  when  moistened ;  embryo  with  rare  exceptions  curved  ; 
cotyledons  flat,  entire  or  rarely  lobed,  lying  either  with  tlie  surface  against  the 
mostly  ascending  radicle  (incumbent,  in  cross-section  thus,  cQ] ),  or  with  one 
edge  toward  the  radicle  (accumbent,  in  cross-section  thus,  oQ),  or  less  freciuently 
longitudinally  plicate  and  partially  enveloping  the  radicle  (couduplicate,  in 
cross-section  thus,  <^),  or  finally  (in  certain  foreign  genera)  spirally  coiled. — 
A  large  order,  represented  in  almost  every  part  of  the  earth,  but  preferring  tem- 
perate and  subarctic  regions.  Plants  of  considerable  constancy  of  floral  character 
but  with  much  variability  in  fruit,  economically  important  as  furnishing  a  number 
of  vegetables  (cabbage,  turnip,  cauliflower,  Brussels-sprouts,  radish,  &c.),  sahul 
plants  (water-cress,  garden-cress),  and  condiments  (mustard,  horse-radish). 

Tkibk  I.  ALYSSINEiE.  Fruit  short,  orliicidar,  elliptical,  or  short-oblong,  rarely 
more  elongated,  lanceolate  or  linear  (some  species  of  Dnifxi),  always  more  or  less 
compressed  parallel  to  the  partition,  2-celIed,  dehiscent,  'i-niaiiy-si-fditl.  or  rarely 
(in  .4 <^*/san«s  and  certain  species  of  Draba)  indehiscent  or  nearly  so,  or  through  the 
obliteration  of  the  partition  1-celled,  1-seeded  (Al/ii/sunits).  Valves  flat  or  moder- 
ately convex.  Cotyledons  accumbent,  very  rarely  (in  Drnhi)  incumbent.  Pul>es- 
cence  altogether  or  in  great  part  l>ranclie<l,  only  in  the  genus  Thysanocarpfix  quite 
simple. 

*   Fruit  oblong,  elliptic  or  lanceolate,   rarely  linear,  2-celle(l,  dehiscent  (sunutiinos   vrry 
tardily  so),  2-several -seeded  :  stamens  unapponflagcd. 

1.  DRABA.  Sepals  sliort  and  broad,  obtuse,  equal  at  tbe  iKi.oe.  Petals  conunonly  <>l>ovate. 
entire  or  rather  deeply  bifid.  Style  short  or  slender  and  suniewhnt  elongated  ;  stiijma  simple 
or  very  slightly  lobed.  Septum  thin,  membranaceous.  Seed.s  I>iseriatc,  neither  margined 
nor  winged.     Cotyledons  accumbent  or  rarely  inonmlient.     I'nbescence  bn\nrhed. 

*   *   Fruit  orbicular,  indciiiscent,  l-cflleil,  l-scedi'<l. 

2.  ATHYSANUS.     Flowers  miiuite.     Sepals  ovate,  rounded,  equal  at  the  lia-^ 

Petals  minute,  linear,  or  wanting.  Stamens  6,  suliequal ;  filaments  slender;  ai.iM.,-  -  .  ■, . 
Stigma  small,  .sessile.  Ovules  3  or  4,  only  one  maturing.  Fruit  wingless.  Pulic^cence 
liranchod  ;  rhe  liaiis  on  the  fruit  usually  uncinate. 


IQO  CllUCIFEK.E. 

3.  THYSANOCARPUS.  Flowers  small.  Sepals  ovate,  rounded,  spreading.  Petals  spat- 
ulate.  Stamens  iu5  in  the  kvst.  Style  slender,  short  or  rarely  absent;  stigma  simple. 
Ovule  solitary.     Fruit  winged.     Pubescence  simi>le  or  none. 

*  *  *   Fruit  orbicular  or  nearly  so,  2-cclled,  dehiscent,  2-several-seeded :   filaments  often 
dilated  and  toothed  or  appendaged  near  the  base. 

4.  BERTEROA.  Sepals  oblong,  rounded  at  the  apex.  Petals  obovate,  bifid,  cuneate 
below.  Stamens  6;  filaments  somewhat  appendaged  upon  the  inner  surface  near  the  base. 
Stvle  slender,  rather  long.  Stigma  essentially  simple.  Pods  fiat,  often  tomentose.  Seeds 
several  in  each  cell,  winged  or  margined.     Pubescence  stellate,  not  appressed. 

5.  LOBULARIA.      Sepals  short,  ovate,  spreading  in  anthesis.     Petals  obovate,  cuneate, 
'  entire.     Stamens  6 ;    filaments  slender,  rarely  dilated  below,  not  toothed.     Silicel  small ; 

valves  flat  or  slightly  convex.     Style  slender ;    stigma  subsimple.     Cells  few-seeded.     Hairs 
2-parted  and  appressed. 

6.  ALYSSUM.  Sepals  short,  ovate  or  oblong,  more  or  less  spreading.  Petals  obovate, 
cuneate  to  spatulate  or  linear,  entire  or  slightly  retuse  at  the  summit.  Stamens  6 ;  fila- 
ments commonly  more  or  less  dilated  at  the  l)ase  and  toothed.  Capsule  with  valves  convex. 
Pubescence  densely  stellate. 

Tribe  II.  PIIYSARIEiE.  Fruit  a  silicel,  2-celled,  completely  dehiscent,  either  very 
turo-id  with  broad  partition  and  ahiiost  hemispherical  valves,  or  didymous,  or 
strongly  obconipressed  with  narrow  partition  and  conduplicate.  Cotyledons 
accunibent.     Pubescence  stellate. 

*   Silicel  subglobose ;  partition  broad,  snborbicular. 

7.  LESQUERELLA.  Sepals  oblong  or  elliptical,  rather  short,  equal  at  base,  erect  or 
spreading,  usually  pubescent.  Petals  longer,  spatulate  to  oblongobovate,  entire.  Stamens 
6 ;  anthers  linear,  sagittate  ;  filaments  rarely  dilated  or  winged  at  the  base.  Style  slender; 
stigma  entire  or  nearly  so.  Pods  mostly  very  turgid;  cells  2-16-seeded;  septum  nerved 
from  the  top  to  the  middle.     Seeds  rarely  margined. 

•*   *   Silicel  didymous  or  obcompressed ;  partition  narrow,  elliptical,  oblong  or  linear. 
-1—   Seeds  several  to  many. 

8.  PHYSARIA.  Floral  envelopes  and  andrrecium  of  the  preceding.  Style  slender.  Fruit 
more  or  less  strongly  didymous  and  inflated  or  sometimes  ratiicr  strongly  obcompressed,  but 
the  cells  at  least  somewhat  turgid  at  maturity. 

9.  SYNTHLIPSIS.  Sepals  oblong,  spreading  in  anthesis.  Petals  longer ;  blade  flat,  obo- 
vate; claw  rather  short.  Stamens  6,  unapi)ondaged.  Style  .^lender;  stigma  simple. 
Capsule  elliptic-oblong,  very  strongly  obcompressed  ;  valves  sharply  carinate,  not  auriculate 
or  wing-appcndaged.     Seeds  about  10  in  each  cell,  neither  margined  nor  winged. 

10.  LYROCARPA.  Sepals  linear  or  linear-oblong,  acute  or  acutish,  erect,  eciual  at  base. 
Petals  long,  linear  to  obovate,  sometimes  twisted.  Stamens  six,  free,  unappendaged.  Style 
short  or  none ;  stigma  rather  large,  entire  or  somewhat  lobed ;  the  lobes  lying  over  the 
valves.  Capsule  very  strongly  obcompressed,  oblong  and  biauriculate  at  the  apex,  or  short, 
broad  and  obcordate.     Septum  narrow,  linear. 

H—   -1—   Seeds  solitary  in  each  cell. 

11.  DITHYREA.  Sepals  ovate  or  oblong,  erect  or  spreading,  pubescent.  Petals  conspicu- 
ous, broadlv  spatulate,  with  spreading  blades  and  slender  claws.  Stamens  6,  free  and 
unappendaged  ;  anthers  linear,  sagittate.  Pods  very  strongly  obcompressed  and  didymous  ; 
cells  suborbicular ;  septum  very  narrow  and  shorter  than  tlie  cells.  Style  almost  none; 
stigma  rather  large,  somewhat  ovate,  simple. 

Tribe  ITT.  LEPIDINEiE.  Fruit  a  2-celled  silicel,  strongly  obcompressed  (except  in 
the  aquatic  genus  Suhularia).  Cotvledons  incumbent  or  accumbent.  Pubescence 
wholly  simple  or  none. 

*  Fruit  strongly  obcompressed,  dehiscent;   cells  2-several-sceded ;   cotyledons  accumbent: 
terrestrial  and  glabrous. 


CRUCIFEK^.  101 

12.  THLASPI.  Sepals  short,  oval,  obtuse,  tliin-iimrgiued,  erect  or  KliKhtly  sjirea-linf,'. 
Petals  ol)ovate  or  oblauceolate,  entire.  Staniciw  free,  uuappeiifiaged  ;  anthiTu'  Kli.irt,  „\iil. 
Style  slender  or  sometimes  none ;  stij^ma  Hniall,  entire  or  nlightly  cmarginate.  Capsule 
orbicular,  elliptic-oblong,  or  oblance«dato ;  the  valves  very  stronjjly  and  UHUally  wiiarply 
keeled,  often  winged  especially  toward  the  ajiex. 

*  #   Fruit  strongly  obcomprossed  or  didymous;    cells  usually  Iseecle.l;  cotyledons  incum- 
bent (except  iu  Lepidium  Vin/inicttm) :  terrestrial. 

13.  LEPIDIUM.     Sepals  short,  ovate  or  ellii)tic-oblong,  t.btu.se.  equal  at  ba- 
s])rcading.     I'etals  ol)ovate  or  oblanccolatc-spatulate,  entire,  rounded  at  tlu!  a; 

abortive  or  none.     Stamens  free,  unappondagcd,  all  six  ])re«cnt  or  by  al«jrtii.i.  ,.,.      

ones  absent,  or  through  further  simplification  only  two  stamens  present,  each  repre.stiiiin;: 
one  of  tlie  longer  pairs.  Style  slender  and  more  or  less  elongated  or  Rtigma  h^^.■.il^• 
Capsule  orbicular,  ovate,  or  elliptic-oblong,  often  ntjtched  at  the  apex,  regularly  debiw  .n;  ; 
valves  very  strongly  comjiresscd  and  sharjily  kecKd,  oft<;n  wing-ajipcndagcd  eb|>c(i;illv 
toward  the  apex,  not  thickened  nor  sculptured.  Ovules  j)cndulous  from  near  the  apex  uf 
the  cells. 

14.  SENEBIERA.  Sepals  oval,  eijual  at  base,  spreading,  often  fugacious.  I'etals  olxnafe, 
or  more  or  less  abortive,  short,  linear,  or  subulate.  Stamens  free  and  una|ipendag<<l,  :ill 
6  present  or  only  4  or  2  as  in  the  preceding;  anthers  short,  somewhat  didymnus.  Stigma 
sessile,  nearly  or  quite  simple.  Fruit  more  or  less  distinctly  didynious;  the  valves  thicki>li, 
often  sculptured  or  tuberculatcd,  falling  off  as  I-seeded  closed  or  nearly  closed  nutlets. 
Embryo  foliled  morphologically  above  the  base  of  the  cotyleilons. 

*  *  *  Fruit  turgid,  subglobose,  pyriform  or  short  fusiform,  dehiscent,  several-seeded; 
cotyledons  incumbent :  aquatic  with  subulate  leaves. 

15.  SUBULARIA.  Sepals  ovate,  equal,  obtuse,  spreading.  Petals  oblong  or  spatulatp, 
entire,  without  sharp  distinction  of  blade  and  claw.  Stamens  6,  scarcely  unequal,  free  and 
unappendaged  ;  anthers  oval.  Stigma  sessile,  slightly  2-lobcil.  Seeds  few,  2-rowcd  in  the 
cells.  Embryo  folded  morphologically  above  the  radicle,  the  curvature  being  in  the  cotyle- 
dons, not  between  them  and  the  radicle  nor  in  the  latter. 

Tribe  IV.  CAMELINEiE.  Fruit  short,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  turgid  or 
obcompressed,  orbicular-obovate  or  elliptic-oblong  in  outline.  Cotyledons  incum- 
bent.    Hairs  some  or  all  branched  (absent  in  Capsella  procumbens) . 

1 6.  CAPSELLA.  Sepals  ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  thin-margined,  spreading  slightly  or  con- 
siderably or  even  reflexed  in  anthesis,  not  saccate  at  liase.  Petals  small,  spatulate,  c<pialiing 
or  little  exceeding  the  calyx.  Stamens  free  and  unappendaged.  Style  almost  Jione.  Fruit 
capsidar,  2-valvcd,  many-seeded,  more  or  les.s  strongly  ol)compre.s.sed;  septum  linear  to 
elliptic-oblong,  thin  and  nerveless  or  nearly  so;  valves  carinate. 

17.  CAMELINA.  Sepals  short-oblong,  obtuse,  thin-margined,  subequal  at  ba.'se,  m<irc  or 
less  colored,  often  villous.  Petals  .spatulate  or  obovate,  unguicnlate.  Stamens  G,  free  an«l 
unappendaged.  Style  slender ;  stigma  simple.  Capsule  obovoid,  2-celled,  many-seodod. 
witii  a  broad  thin  obovate  persistent  septum  and  somewhat  firm  strongly  convex  valves. 
Seeds  bi.scriatc  in  the  cells,  wingless. 

18.  NESLIA.  Scpal.s,  petals,  and  stamens  of  the  preceding.  Stylo  slender;  stigma  simple 
or  emargiuate.  Fruit  globose  or  subglobose,  indehiscent,  2-oelle<l  or  more  commonly, 
tiirough  the  obliteration  of  the  fugacious  septum,  1 -celled.  Seeds  2,  or  more  frequently  by 
abortion  1,  neither  winged  nor  margined. 

Tkibe  V.  CAKILINE/E.  Fruit  transversely  2-jointcd  ;  cells  unequal,  both  l-s<^ede<l 
(in  North  American  species)  and  indehiscent.  The  ovule  in  the  upj>er  cell  en^ct, 
in  tlie  lower  i>endulous. 

19.  CAKILE.  Sepals  .-ihort,  erect  or  slightly  spreading,  oldong,  okm-urtly  .-^icratc  nt  l«iw», 
somewhat  fleshy.  Petals  exserted.  Stamens  6  ;  filaments  free  and  unnpjH'ndaged.  Style 
none ;  stigma  simple.     Seeds  oblong,  turgid  ;  cotyledons  accunibent. 

Tribf  VT.  RRASSICEiE.  Fruit  elongated,  terete  or  somewhat  pri  inatic.  often 
torose,  usually  partially  or  wholly  dehiscent  by  two  valves,  2-cened  with  a  longi- 


!():>  c'KUciFEu.i:. 

tudinal  merubranous  or  spongy  dissepiment,  less  Irciiiicntly  unicellular  or  divided 
transversely  by  spongy  false  partitions,  thus  becoming  inuUici'Iluhir  and  indehis- 
cent  (Raphamis).  Seeds  uniseriate  or  biseriate ;  cotyledons  couduplicate.  Petals 
Avell  developed.  Pubescence,  when  present,  usually  hirsute.  Hairs  simple. 
*  Fruit  stout,  imlehisceut,  comniouly  more  or  less  inonilil'urni,  uiiiccllulai-  or  transversely 
divided  by  several  false  partitious. 

20.  RAPHANUS.  Sepals  erect;  the  lateral  somewhat  saccate.  Petals  large,  uiiguiculate, 
white  or  pale  yellow,  less  commouly  purplish.  Stamens  6,  uuappeudaged.  Fruit  attenuate 
to  a  slender  or  rather  stout  beak.     Seeds  globular,  pendulous. 

*  *  Fruit  more  slender,  longitudinally  2-celled,  and  more  or  less  completely  dehiscent. 

21.  BRASSICA.  Sepals  erect  or  spreading,  glabrous,  equal  at  the  l)ase  or  one  pair  some- 
what saccate.  Petals  large,  unguiculate,  light  yellow  or  white,  often  with  purjile  markings. 
Stamens  6,  fret;  and  unappeudaged.  Pod  terete  or  nearly  so,  tipped  with  a  slender  conical 
or  somewhat  flattened  empty  or  1-seeded  often  indehiscent  beak.  Seeds  glolw.se,  uniseriate 
or  rarely  and  indistinctly  biseriate  iu  the  cells. 

22.  DIPLOTAXIS.  Sepals  erect  or  spreading,  often  pilose.  I'etals  and  stamens  of  the 
preceding.  Cajisules  slendei-,  subterete  or  angled,  borne  upou  slender  spreading  pedicels; 
valves  rather  flat,  1-ncrved;  beak  conical,  sometimes  very  short.  Seeds  ovoid  or  oblong, 
distinctly  biseriate  in  the  cells. 

TiUBK  VII.  SISYMBKIE.l:^.  Stigma  when  lobed  elongated  over  the  placentte  (ex- 
cept in  Gregt/ia).  Fruit  longitudinally  2-celled  (very  rarely  1-celled),  from  elliptic- 
or  lance-oblong  to  linear,  always  considerably  longer  than  broad.  Seeds  numerous ; 
cotyledons  incumbent  (very  oblique  or  accund)ent  in  some  species  of  Eri/simiun). 
A  tribe  of  difticult  limitation. 

*   Hairs  of  stem  simple,  stellately  branched  or  none,  not  regularly  bifid. 
-1—   Stigma  entire,  or  with  short  lobes  spreading  over  the  placentse. 
++   Capsule  2-valved,  terete,  prismatic,  or  compressed  parallel  to  the  perfect  or  liroad  and 

fenestrate  septum. 
=  Leaves  elliptical,  sessile  and  clasping  by  a  cordate  base:    pods  long,  of  firm  texture, 
angled  ;  stuut  glabrous  annual  with  habit  of  a  Brasslca :  introduced. 

23.  CONRINGIA.  Sepals  and  petals  rather  h)ng  and  narrow.  Valves  of  the  ea])sule 
l-.3-nerve(l.  Style  short;  stigma  (pute  simple  or  more  or  less  distinctly  ^-luheil.  Seeds 
l-rowed  in  the  cells,  oblong,  thick,  not  margined.     Leaves  entire. 

=  =  Leaves  siiborl.iiular  or  reniform,  broadly  cordate,  petiolate,  toothed:  ])nbescence 
siniidc  or  none  :  jiods  elongated,  angled  :  introduced  biennial  with  foliage  of  a  Cn-damine 
and  fruit  suggesting  that  of  Burburca. 

24.  ALLIARIA.  Se])als  oval,  obtuse,  caducous.  Petals  obovate.  Stamens  fi,  free  and 
una])pendaged.  Pod  many-seeded,  often  tornlose;  valves  keeled,  more  or  less  distinctly 
3-nerved.     Style  short  or  none;   stigma  simple. 

==  =  ==  Leaves  various,  not  cordate,  except  in  one  or  two  species  of  Sisi/mhrium. 
a.  Septum  of  the  capsule  usually  narrowly  or  broadly  nerved,  when  jierveless  having  its 
cells  elongated  longitudinally  and  usually  rather  thin-walled. 

25.  EUTREMA.  Sepals  short,  ovate,  ronnd.'d  at  apex,  eipial  at  base.  Petals  exserted, 
entire,  obovate,  short-clawed.  Stamens  (J,  free  and  unappeudaged ;  anthers  short,  ovate. 
Style  short  or  almost  none ;  stigma  small,  simple.  Fruit  oblong-lanceolate  to  linear,  some- 
what flattened  parallel  to  the  septum,  narrowed  at  each  end ;  valves  1 -nerved  and  somewhat 
keeled.  Sei)tum  entire  or  very  incomplete  or  almost  wanting.  Pubescence  simple  or  uone. 
Leaves  entire  or  nearly  so. 

26.  SMELOWSKIA.  Sepals  oblong,  snl)e(iual,  somewhat  spreading."  Petals  entire,  obo- 
vate or  spatulate,  exserted.  Stamens  6,  unappeudaged ;  anthers  oblong,  slij,ditly  sagittate  at 
base.  Pods  lanceolate  to  lance-oblong,  more  or  less  obcompressed  ;  valves  sharply  keeled. 
Stigma  sessile.     Leaves  deeply  i)innatifiil.     Hairs  in  part  or  all  branched. 


CRUCIFEU^E.  103 

27.  SISYMBRIUM.  Flowers  u.siuilly  small,  anil  iiio.'<tly  yellow  or  yellowwh.  SojialH  oMoug 
to  linear,  usually  s))ri'adiufi;  iu  anthesis,  etiualliiij^  or  exit'Ciliii;^  the  dawn  of  the  olKjvate  or 
spatulate  jietals.  Stamens  6,  free,  unappendaged.  Style  sliort  or  none ;  Htigma  cimjilo 
or  slightly  bifid.  I'ods  linear,  short  or  lon}^,  m-arly  terete.  Leaves  fmni  entire  to  hipin- 
natifid  or  multitid.  Pubescence  hirsute  with  simple  hairs,  or  «t<llate,  or  f^landular,  or  none 
h.  Septum  nerveless  or  nearly  so;  its  cells  smaller,  thicker-walled,  elongated  transven««-l\ 

horeal  and  arctic  plants  with  hairs  branched,  and  leaves  (in  American  speeieH)  eniir«- 
or  merely  dentate. 

28.  BRAY  A.  Calyx,  corolla,  and  andriecium  of  A'tir/cma.  Style  present  but  shi>rt;  stij;ina 
more  or  less  distinctly  2-lobed.  Fruit  oblong  to  linear-oblong ;  valv<'s  Hattish  or  convex, 
faintly  1-nerved,  not  keeled. 

++   ++   Capsule  strongly  obconipressed,  at  least  the  upper  part,  or  anomalous  and  4-valve«i ! 

29.  TROPIDOCARPUM.  Sepals  ovate-oblong,  spreading.  I'etals  obovaU',  cuneate. 
Stamens  6,  free  and  unappendaged.  Style  slender,  sometimes  short ;  stigma  circular  and 
entire  or  slightly  emarginate.  Silique  partially  or  completely  2-celle<l,  with  a  very  uarmw 
partition,  or  1 -celled.  Seeds  2-4-seriate.  Pubescence  chiefly  simple,  a  few  branched  hairs 
being  mixed  with  the  others. 

-*-   -(-   Stigma  (anomalous  in  tribe)  bifid  with  short  lolies  over  the  valves. 

30.  GREGGIA.  Sepals  oblong,  spreading.  I'etals  obovate,  entire,  cuneate.  Stamens  6, 
free,  unappendaged ;  anthers  oblong,  cordate  at  base:  Stigma  somewhat  ovate  or  conical ; 
the  stigniatic  surface  elongated  above  the  valves  of  the  capsule  not  over  the  placenta:. 
Style  slender.     Seeds  nearly  uniseriate.     Pubescence  densely  stellate. 

^_   ^_  ^_  Stigma  subconical,  with  short  lobes  erect  and  approximate  or  connate. 

31.  HESPERIS.  Flowers  showy,  mostly  purplish.  Sepals  ere<t,  oblong;  the  lateral 
saccate  at  base.  Petals  with  long  and  slender  exserted  claws  and  broad  obovate  or  nearly 
orbicular  blades.  Stamens  6,  free  and  unappendaged.  Pods  very  long,  spreading,  torulose, 
beaked ;  valves  3-nerved.    Leaves  mostly  undivided.    Pubescence  in  jiart  branched. 

*   *   Cauline  hairs  bifid  and  closely  appressed. 

32.  ERYSIMUM.  Sepals  oldong  to  linear-oblong,  erect,  equal  at  the  base  or  the  lateral 
somewhat  saccate.  Petals  commonly  large,  with  broad  obovate  blades  and  slender  elongated 
claws.  Stamens  6,  free  and  unappendaged.  Pods  .strongly  compressed,  broadly  linear  with 
flat  1-nerved  valves,  or  narrow  and  quadrangular  with  convex  and  more  or  less  distinctly 
keeled  valves.  Seeds  numerous,  oblung  and  turgid  or  suborbicular  and  flattened  or  winged. 
Cotyledons  incumbent  or  accumbent  or  the  radicle  not  iufreiiuently  very  oblique. 

Tribe  VIIL  ARABIDE^.  Stigma  when  lobed  prolonged  over  the  placentne. 
Fruit  2-celled,  sometimes  incompletely  so,  regularly  deliiscent,  short  or  long, 
flattened  parallel  to  a  broad  partition,  terete  or  prismatic.  Cotyledons  aecuml>ent 
(in  some  species  of  Leavenworthin,  the  embryo  straight  or  nearly  so).  Pubescence 
simple,  branched,  or  absent. 

*  Pods  globose,  terete,  or  prismatic,  at  least  not  compresse<l  parallel  to  the  partition. 
^-  Flowers  (in   North  American  species)  white:    pods  subgloboso  to  short-oblong,  often 
.somewhat  obconipressed  :  leaves  entire,  angulate,  or  shallowly  toothed,  not  pinnatifid. 

33.  COCHLEARIA.  Sepals  short  and  broad,  ronnded  at  a])ex.  Petals  obovate.  cuneate, 
or  very  siiurtly  unguiculate.  Stamens  straight,  free.  Style  slender,  aometinip.s  very  short : 
stigma  sinq)le  or  nearly  so.  Capsule  (in  North  AmVrican  sjiecies)  very  turgid  ;  valves  dii»- 
tinctlv  1-nerved.     Seeds  2-several,  biseriate  in  the  cells. 

^_  4_   Flowers  yellow,  rarely  white  ■  pods  short-oblong  to  linear :  some  or  all  of  the  leaves 
usually  pinnatifid. 

34.  NASTURTIUM.  Flowers  small.  Sepals  ovate  to  elli|.tic-old<ing,  gpreadJiiK  in 
anthesis.  often  colored.  Petals  obo.ate  or  spatulate,  cuneiform  at  base;  wnn-cly  clawed. 
sometimes  minute  or  wanting.     Pods  terete  or  nearly  so ;  valves  thin,  nearly  or  quite  norve- 


104  CKUCIFKR.E. 

less.     Seeds  very  siiuxU,  tiirgiil  ami  wingless,  usually  numerous,  in  two  rows  in   ^ach  cell 
(scarcely  so  in  N.  si/Uestre),  minutely  tuberculate  or  in  a  few  species  reticulate-pitte.l. 

35.  BARBAREA.  Flowers  somewhat  larger  than  in  the  preceding.  Sepals  oblon^',  often 
colored;  lateral  pair  often  saccate  at  base  and  slightly  cornute  on  the  back  near  apex. 
Petals  spatulate  or  witli  obovate  blades  and  slender  claws.  Stamens  6,  free  and  unat>pen- 
daged,  distinctly  tetradynamous.  Style  short;  stigma  bifid.  Capsule  linear,  elongated, 
somewhat  tetragonal.    Seeds  uniseriate  in  the  cells. 

■1—  -)—  •)—  Flowers  purple :  pods  linear,  elongated. 

36.  lODANTHUS.  SepaLs  oblong,  shorter  than  the  claws  of  the  petals,  somewhat  spread- 
ing in  anthesis;  the  lateral  pair  narrower  and  more  or  less  distinctly  liurned  or  appendagtd 
upon  the  back  near  ape.\.     Fetals  broadly  s))atulate.     Stamens  6,  strongly  tetradyjiamous 

♦  *  Pods  more  or  less  strongly  compressed  parallel  to  the  partition, 
-t—  Petals  toothed  or  lobed :  fruit  narrowly  linear,  elongated. 

37.  DRYOPETALON.  Sepals  elliptic,  purplish ;  the  lateral  gibbous  at  l)ase.  Petals 
exserted  *  the  blade  toothed  or  lobed.  Stamens  6,  free  and  unappendaged  ;  anthers  ovate- 
oblong.  Stigma  nearly  sessile,  2-lobed.  Seeds  many,  small,  somewhat  2-rowed ;  cotyledons 
nearly  accumbent.    Valves  of  capsule  l-uerved  and  veined. 

4—  -i—  Petals  entire  or  retuse,  not  lobed. 
++   Pods  suborbicular  :  seeds  broadly  winged  :  pubescence  simple. 

38.  PLATYSPERMUM.    Flowers  minute,  solitary,  borne  on  naked'scapes.    Sepals  broad, 
-erect,  equalling  the  white  linear-spatuhite  petals.      Seeds  in  two  rows,  reticulated;   cotyle- 
dons longer  than  the  radicle.     Leaves  lyrate,  few-lobed  or  subentlre. 

■w-   -H-   Pods  broad,  lanceolate  to  elliptic  or  oblong :  seeds  mostly  biseriate. 

39.  SELENIA.  Flowers  conspicuous,  yellow,  in  a  leafy  bracteate  raceme.  Sepals  erect, 
ovate-lanceolate,  acutish,  somewhat  saccate  at  base.  I'etals  spatulate.  Stamens  6,  free  and 
unappendaged;  anthers  oblong.  Pods  oblong  to  broadly  elliptic,  upon  short  Ijroad  stipes, 
and  beaked  by  slender  styles.  Stigma  capitate.  Glands  10.  Seeds  in  two  rows,  minutely 
pitted  and  margined  with  a  thin  cartilaginous  wing.     Cotyledons  longer  than  the  radicle.  " 

40.  PARRY  A.  Flowers  showy,  purple  or  rose-colored.  Sepals  oblong,  erect ;  t!ie  lateral 
gibbous  at  base,  nearly  equalling  the  claws  of  the  broad-bladed  petals.  Anthers  included, 
oblong,  subsagittate  at  base.  Pod  with  flat  1-nerved  reticulated  valves.  Stigma  2-lobed ; 
lobes  approximate.     Seeds  orbicular,  winged  or  wingless. 

■H-   ++   ++   Pods  narrower,  linear-oblong  to  linear. 
=  Pubescence  simple  or  none. 

41.  LEAVENWORTHIA.  Flowers  conspicuous,  yellow,  whitish,  or  purplish.  Sepals 
linear-oblong,  equal  at  base,  usually  spreading  in  anthesis,  considerably  exceeded  by  the 
obovate  or  oblanceolate  cuneate  petals.  Stamens  6,  strongly  tetradynamous,  free  and 
unappendaged  ;  anthers  oblong.  Pod  oblong  or  linear,  beaked  by  a  rather  slender  style, 
sometimes  tornlose.  vStigma  somewhat  2-lobed.  Seeds  in  one  row,  minutely  ])itted, 
margined  with  a  firm  thick  wing.  Cotyledons  orbicular;  radicle  short  and  straight  or  more 
or  less  oblique. 

42.  DENTARIA.  Sepals  equal  at  base,  erect  or  nearly  so.  Petals  much  longer,  with 
slender  claws  and  ovate  spreading  blades.  Pods  linear,  straight  with  stout  rcplum,  firm 
nerveless  flat  valves,  and  nerveless  partition ;  stigma  short,  cajjitate  or  rarely  2-l<)be<l.  Seeds 
in  one  row,  wingless  Cotyledons  often  thick,  more  or  le.ss  unequal  and  somewhat  oblique, 
petiolate.     Funiculus  often  thickenSd  in  fruit. 

48.  CARDAMINE.  Sepals  equal  at  base,  erect  or  more  or  lo.'^s  spreading.  Petals  obovate 
to  narrowly  spatulate.  Pods  of  the  preceding.  Seeds  in  one  row,  wingless;  cotyledons 
flattened,  strictly  accumbent  or  one  slightly  overlapping  the  radicle,  more  or  less  petiolate. 
Funiculus  very  slender. 

=  =  Pubescence  in  part  or  wholly  branched. 

44.  ARABIS.  Sepals  erect  or  nearly  so,  green  or  less  frequently  colored  ;  the  lateral  pair 
usually  gibbous  at  base.    Petals  obovate  or  spatulate,  usually  unguiculate,  commonly  con- 


Dralni.  CIUXIFKK.L.  lUo 

siderably  cxceediug  tlie  calyx  and  with  a  flat  |ialul<)us  eiilire  or  oniar^iuate  Itladc.  SUiiuimik 
G,  free  and  uiiapj)uiiilaf;ed.  I'ods  willi  ucarly  Hat  iiiorf  or  Ictw  I -nerved  vjilvw«;  re|)luni  not 
tliickened.  Seeds  (latlened,  orbicular  or  ollijilie,  more  or  le«s  winjjed.  The  itectiou  6ntym- 
brina  with  oblong  wingless  seeds  and  more  or  less  oblique  cotyledoIl^. 

Tribe  IX.  STANLEY/E.  Stigma  circular  in  outline  or  »doiiguted  or  i)ro<luc«il  into 
two  lobes  lying  (except  in  two  or  three  species  of  Theli/podiutn)  transverse  to  tin? 
partition  of  the  ovary,  i.  e.  over  the  valves  of  the  ca|>sule.  Fruit  longitinlinally 
li-celled,  dehiscent,  elongated,  terete  or  prismatic  or  (in  Shyptfiullius)  <(.nipr.'s>«d 
parallel  to  partition  or  more  rarely  obcompressed  (Slan/orJid).  C'otyledons  incum- 
bent or  accumbent.  rubescence  simple  or  none  (branched  in  two  species  of 
Theli/podium). 

*   Cotyledons  accumbent ;  ovary  sessile  upon  the  receptacle  ;  ca[)sule  compressed. 

45.  STREPTANTHUS.  Sepals  ovate  or  oblong,  <olored,  usaally  jturpli.sii,  (|uit«.'  e<|nal  at 
base,  or  oue  pair  saccate,  rarely  b(itli.  Calyx  commonly  closid,  ovoid,  less  freijuenlly  sul>- 
cjdindric,  or  by  the  spreading  of  tiio,  tips  becoming  soinewiiat  Hask-shajHid.  I'etals  usually 
narrow,  linear  or  with  a  well  developed  blade  and  channellc  I  claw.  Sumens  6  ;  the  longer 
pairs  ofteu  connate  below ;  anthers  more  or  less  elongated,  sagittate  at  the  base.  Capsule 
oblong  to  narrowly  linear.     Seeds  flat,  margined  or  wingea.     Receptacle  enlarged. 

*   *   Cotyledons  incumbent,  3-parted ;  ovary  sessile  or  nearly  so;  capsule  obconii)res.<ed. 

46.  STANFORDIA.  Calyx  ovoid  ;  sepals  large,  ov.ite,  colored.  Petals  exserted,  with 
broad  oblong  or  lance-oblong  claw  and  narrower  crispi  il  Idade.  Stamens  C,  free  and  unappi-n- 
daged  ;  anthers  linear-oblong,  sagittate,  straight  or  moderately  curved  Style  short ;  stigma 
at  first  elliptic,  entire,  later  conspicuously  2-lobe-..  Capsule  linear-oblong,  subcharuueuus ; 
valves  keeled.     Seeds  many,  biseriate  in  the  cell-^,  vvingless. 

*  *  *   Cotyledons  incnnibent :    ovary  sessile  jr  raiseil  upon  a  short  thick  gyuophore  :  cap- 
sule terete,  tetragonal,  or  slightly  flattened  parallel  to  the  ]>artition. 

47.  CAULANTHUS.  Calyx  of  Sireptai  lltiis.  Petals  undulato-crisped  with  a  broad  claw 
and  small  or  obsolete  blade.  Stamens  6  ;  anthers  linear,  sagittate.  Stigma  well  dcveli.jKjd 
and  commonly  distinctly  2-lol)ed,  persistent.  Capsule  somewh.it  flattened  anrl  narrowly 
linear  or  subterete ;  valves  1-nerved,  ai  d  often  reticulate-veined. 

48.  THELYPODIUM.  Sepals  obl/ug  to  linear,  rather  short;  wilyx  at  first  cyliudric.  but 
often  more  or  less  si)reading  in  aiithesis.  Petals  flat,  long  and  narrow  or  with  a  well 
developed  blade,  white  or  pur])lish.  rarely  yellow.  Stamens  6,  exserted  ;  filaments  long  and 
slender ;  anthers  narrowly  linear,  sagittate  at  base,  curved  or  coiled.  Stigma  usually  sina!', 
often  circular  in  outline,  or  vevy  slightly  2-lobed.  Pods  slender,  terete,  or  (luadrangJilar, 
often  torulo.se,  usually  spreading. 

♦   *   *   ♦   Cotyledons  incvmbent :  ovary  raised  ujwii  a  slender  elongated  gynophore. 

49.  STANLEYA.  Calyx  long,  cylindric  or  clavate  in  bud,  sjirpading  in  anthesis ;  s<>i)als 
linear  or  si)atnlate.  I'etals  long  and  narrow,  spatulate,  slender-clawed.  Stamens  fi ;  anthers 
linear,  curved  or  spirally  coiled  ;  filaments  elongated,  spreading.  Stigma  se.«silo,  small, 
simple.  Pods  terete  o;  subterete ;  valves  1 -nerved.  Seeds  oblong,  uniseriate.  Flowers  in 
more  or  less  elongated  racemes. 

50.  WAREA.  C'llyx  short-clavate  in  hud,  spreading  in  anthesis:  sepals  short-linear  or 
spatulate.  Petals  relatively  large  with  broad  sprea<ling  lamina.«  and  slender  claws.  Stamen.-* 
6,  exserted,  spreading;  filaments  slender;  anthers  very  small,  curveil.  Stigma  simple. 
Pods  terete,  slender,  widely  spreading.     Flowers  in  very  short  subcorymbo.se  racemes. 

1.  DRAB.il,  Dill.  (Apa^T;,  a  name  of  uncertain  meaning,  npplied  by  Hios- 
forides  to  some  cruciferous  plant.)  —  Petals  entire  or  emarijinatf  e.\e.-pt  in 
§  ErophUa.  Seeds  smooth  or  faintly  tubercul.ite,  r.irely  hispidnlons.  V\xU-s- 
cenee  u.sually  stellate.  A  large  an<l  widely  distrib\ited  irenus,  tin-  larirer  nundn^r 
of  the  specicfs  arctic  or  alpine.  Rluny  are  very  variable  an<l  the  nninlK>r  of  spoens 
has  eon.sequently  beeu  greatly  multiplied,  especially  ••-  in   '1"    r.d[i.-.-d   forms  of 


106  CKUCIFERJ::.  Draba. 

higher  regious  the  characters  become  obscured  and  limits  of  species  ill  defiued. 
Some  South  American  species  are  suffruticose  and  have  showy  violet-colored 
flowers.  —  Cat.  PI.  Giss.  App.  122;  L.  Gen.  no.  535;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  159, 
t.  68,  69;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  74;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  255. 
[By  S.  Watson.] 

§  1.  Ekophila,  Koch.     Petals  biiid:  flowers  white  :  pods  many-seeded,  round- 
oval  to  oblong :    stellate-pubescent  scapose  winter-annuals  with  coarsely  toothed 
or  entire  leaves.  —  Syn.  65.^ 
D.  VEUNA,  L.     (Whitlow-grass.)     Leaves  rosulate;  oblong-obovate  to  oblaaceolate  :   scapes 

very  slender,  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  2  to  6  inclies  high :  pods  glabrous,  rouud-oval  to  oblong, 

2  to  4  lines  long,  shorter  than  the  spreading  pedicels;  stigma  nearly  sessile.  —  Spec.  ii.  642; 

Barton,  Fl.  N.  A.  iii.  49,  t.  88,  f.  2  ;    Gray,  1.  c.  t.  69.     D.  vernu,  var.  Ameriama,  I'ers.  Syn. 

ii.  190.     Erophila  Americana,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  356.     E.  vulgaris,  DC.  1.  c. ;   Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am. 

i.  56.  —  Quebec  to  Georgia,  6'Aa/)«ia?(,  and  west  to  Minnesota  and  Missouri;    Washington 

and  Vancouver  Isl. ;  fl.  early.^    (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

§  2.  Hetekodraba,  ^Yatson.  Pedicels  reflexed,  secund :  seeds  6  to  10,  his- 
pidulous  :  branching  short-caulescent  winter-annual,  stellate-pubescent ;  the  leaves 
coarsely  toothed  or  entire  :  flowers  white.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  256.  Hetero- 
draba,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  1.71. 

D.  unilateralis,  M.  E.  -Jones.  Branching  from  the  base  ;  branches  spreading,  elongated, 
lax,  leafy  below :  leaves  cuneate-obovate  to  oblauceolate,  an  inch  long  or  less :  racemes 
usuidly  nearly  sessile :  flowers  very  small :  sili^ues  round-oval,  somewhat  twisted,  pubescent, 
distant,  2  or  3  lines  long,  on  pedicels  a  line  long  or  less,  12-seeded ;  stigma  sessile.  —  Bull. 
Torr.  Club,  ix.  124.  Heterodraba  unilateralis,  Greene,  1.  c.  72.  —  Valleys  of  California  from 
Colusa  County  to  All  Saints  Bay,  Lower  Calif. 

§  3.  Drabella,  DC.  Short-caulescent  and  more  or  less  leafy  winter- 
annuals  (rarely  biennial  in  D.  crassifoUa  ;  scapose  in  D.  asprella  and  D.  eras- 
si  folia)  :  pubescence  stellate  or  more  or  less  villous  :  pedicels  not  reflexed  :  petals 
entire  or  emarginate:  seeds  smooth.  —  Syst.  ii.  332,  351. 

*  Early  spring  species  of  valleys  and  hillsides ;  southern. 
•*-  Leaves  entire  :  flowers  white  :  pedicels  clustered  or  approximate. 
D.   Caroliniana,   Walt.     Very  .slender,  n.sually  branched;   branches  often  decumbent : 
leaves  obovate  to  oblanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  loosely  stellate-pubescent,  6  lines  long  or 
'  less  :   scape-like  peduncles  glal)rous  or  pubescent,  1  to  4  inches  higli :    flowers  small :    pods 
clustered  or  a])proximate,  glabrous,  linear,  3  to  9  lines  long,  much  exceeding  the  spreading 
pedicels;  stigma  sessile.  —  Car.  174;    Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  109.     (Paroni/chia  Myosotis   Vir- 
qiniana,  Pluk.  Aim.  t.  51.  f.  5.)     D.  hispifluin,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  28.     Arabis  reptans,  Lam.  Diet, 
i.  222.     A.  Totundifolin,  Raf.  Am.  Monthly  Mag.  ii.  43.  — E.  Ma.ssachusetts,  J.  Robinson,  to 
the  northern  shores  of  Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario,  Macoun,  Minnesota,  Arkansas,  and  Georgia ; 
Umatilla,  Oregon,  Hou-ell  Bros. 

Var.  micrantha,  Gray.  Pods  hispid  with-  short  sub-appressed  hairs.— Man.  ed.  5, 
72.  D.  micrantha,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  109.  — Illinois  to  Nebraska,  Texas,  and 
New  Mexico ;  Utah,^  Watson  :  Mt.  Helena,  Montana,  Catibi/ ;  Idaho,  Spalding ;  Klikitat  Co., 
Washington,  Snksdorf. 

1  Add  syn.  Gansblnm,  Adans.  Fam.  ii.  420.     Erophila,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  S.'JG. 

2  This  species  is  a  noteworthy  aggregate  of  similar  forms,  distinguished  from  each  other  by  mmute 
but  apparently  constant  characters,  and  is  sometimes  regarded  as  a  group  of  many  very  closely  related 
species.  (See  Rosen,  Hot.  Zeit.  xlvii.  565  ;  Prantl  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Ptlan/enf.  iii.  Ab.  2,  190.) 
Tlie  constancy  of  trivial  characters  is  doubtless  due  to  close  fertilization  prevalent  in  these  plants. 

8  Reported  from  the  Panaiiiint  Mountains,  Calil".,  by  Coville,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  6S. 


Dmha.  CIUC'IFKILE.  I(l7 

-I-  -I-  Leaves  cDarsoly  few-tnotliod  or  entire  :  peilicels  more  rcniotely  raceiiHiHo. 
++  Flowers  small,  wliite  :  .stiji^iiia  sessile  or  nearly  ho. 

D.  CUneifolia,  Nutt.  Loosely  stellate-])ul)escent,  usnaliy  l.ramliin;,'  from  the  liime  ;  Imim-lieM 
K aly  hilow  and  obovatc  to  oldauceolate,  acute  or  atntisii,  A  to  2  inelies  Ion;;  :  nuenie  immIuh- 
ciilate,  at  length  elongated  :  flowers  small :  pcjds  linear-oiiloiig,  usually  aeutish,  :{  to  «  lineH 
long,  lG-50-seeded,  hispid  with  sliort  sul)-appressed  simjde  hairs  (very  nirely  jjlalirous).  <.m 

spreading  or  divarieate  pedicels   1   to  3  lines  long;   stigma  sessile  or  nearly  s<>. Nutt.  in 

Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  108;  lirew.  &  Wats.  IJot.  Calif,  i.  2H.  I>.  jiliniiilis,  Sclie«-le,  Linnaa, 
xxi.  583. —  Illinois  (?) ;  Kentucky,  Short,  to  Alaltaina;  Arkan.sius  uiid  Te.\as,  and  west  to 
S.  ("alifdrnia;  S.  I'tali,  /^in//,  and  Jordan  Valley,   W'alsm. 

Var.  platycarpa,  Watson,  l.  c.  I'ods  oblong-oval,  mostly  obtuse,  2J  to  4  liue.s  long, 
etiualling  or  exiceding  the  pedicels.  —  D.  pluti/carjiu,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  1U8.  Jj.  Ituiiuri- 
unit,  Schcele,  1.  c.  —  Te.xas  to  Arizona. 

Var.  integrifolia,  Watson,  1.  c.  Small  (1  or  2  inelK-s  high):  leaves  small,  nu.stlv 
entire:  pods  glabrous,  ou  pedicels  about  a  line  long. —  Coast  ranges  of  S.  California; 
Temescal  Mouutains,  Brewer ;  Pasadena,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  0.  D.  Allen  ;  Santa  Maria,  Jitnil. 

D.  Sonorae,  Greene.  Kacemes  usually  nearly  sessile  and  flowers  very  small :  j.ods  limly 
stillatf-pubesceut,  3  lines  long,  on  jHiliccls  1  or  2  lines  in  length.  —  Hull.  Calif.  .Xcad.  S.i. 
ii.  o'J;  Wats.  1.  c.  —  Santa  Catalina  Mountain.s,  Arizona,  Leminun;  Chollas  Vallcv,  San 
Diego  Co.,1  Calif.,  Orcutt.  (Mountains  of  Northwestern  Sonora,  PriiKjle.)  The  pubt-scence 
of  the  pods  is  the  most  constant  character  distinguishing  tiiis  species  from  tlie  last. 

D.  brachycarpa,  Nutt.  1.  c.  Simple  or  branched,  1  to  6  inciies  liigh,  somewhat  ap|.rc.s.M-d 
st(llate-]inlies(ent :  leaves  ovate  to  ovate-oblong,  half  inch  long;  the  cauline  ob|ong-lan»e.H 
late  or  linear,  obtuse  or  acute  :  peduncles  short :  flowers  very  small :  jiods  narrowlv  oblong, 
aeutish,  glabrous,  1  or  2  lines  long,  10-1 2-seeded,  about  e(|ualling  the  divaricate  j»edicels; 
stigma  nearly  sessile.  —  Virginia  to  Georgia  and  west  to  Missouri  and  Louisiana  ;  Ko.^elterg, 
Oregon,  Howell. 

-H-  ++  Flowers  yellow,  large  :  style  slender. 

D.  Mogollonica,  Gukenk.  Stems  siimple  or  loo.sely  branching  from  ba.<e.  about  a  foot 
high,  villous  or  loosely  stellate-pubescent  below:  leaves  mostly  at  the  ba.«:e,  oblanceolate, 
stellate-pnbescent,  1  to  3  inches  long:  flowers  large,  in  broad  racemes  which  are  elongjitcd 
in  fruit :  sepals  glabrous  :  pods  linear  or  oblong,  glabrous,  4  to  8  lines  long,  witli  a  sK-nder 
style  a  line  long,  on  usually  divaricate  ])edicels  3  to  9  lines  in  length.  —  Hot.  Gaz.  vi.  157.  — 
In  the  Mogollon  and  Santa  Magdalena  Mountains,  Xew  .Mexico,  /intilii/,  drifue. 

D.  (0  asprella,  Greene.  Pubescent  with  spreading  sim])lc  or  forked  hairs:  sca|)e-liko 
jiednniles  one  to  several :  filaments  dilated  downward  :  pods  olilong-elliptical,  somewhat 
turgid,  hispid,  on  divaricate  pedicels;  style  slender.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  x.  125  :  Wats.  j.  c. 
257. —  Arizona.  A  doubtful  species  by  rea.son  of  the  turgid  pods  and  dilated  tilanicnts. 
Mature  fruit  has  not  been  seen. 

*   *   High  mountain  or  northern  species ;  leaves  entire  or  few-toothed  :  Howcrs  small,  vdlow. 
becoming  wiiitish  :  stigma  sessile. 

D.  nemorosa,  L.  Slender,  loosely  stellate-pubescent,  branching  and  leafy  below,  a  f<Mit 
iiigli  or  less  :  leaves  rarely  rosulate,  ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  an  inch  long  or  less,  aeutish : 
racemes  nearly  sessile :  calyx  .sonu'what  villous :  i>etals  small :  p<ids  n:irrowly  oblong, 
minutely  pubesceut  or  rarely  glabrous,  3  or  4  lines  long,  on  spreading  or  ilivaricate  immIjccIs 
0  to  12  lines  long;  .stigma  nearly  se.<sile.  —  Spec.  ii.  643.  //  m  nmnilis,  Klirh.  Hcitr.  vii.  I.'i4. 
/).  tulea,  Gilib.  ace.  to  DC.  Syst.  ii.  351,  &  D.  gracilis,  (Jrah:im,  Kdinb.  New  I'liil.  .F<.ur.  IS28, 
172,  the  form  witli  glabrous  pods  (var.  leiocar/ia,  Lindbl.).  —  From  the  Great  Lakc.s  (Ft. 
Gratiot,  Michigan,  Pilrlni- ;  Michipicotin,  Lake  Superior,  ace.  to  .Macoun)  across  the  plains 
to  the  Kocky  Mountains,  N.  Colonido,  Central  Iiiaho,  the  lower  (^duinbia  Valley,  and  nortli- 
ward  into  Brit.  America.     (Ku.,  Siberia.) 

D.  Stenoloba,  Ledkh.  Slender  :  stem  erect  or  lax,  a  foot  high  or  le.«.«,  simple  or  bmncbing 
below,  villous  toward  the  base  :  leaves  thin,  mostly  subrosulate,  oblong-<)l)ov:»te  or  oblanc«H»- 
late,  the  one  or  two  cauline  ovate  to  obh)iig-lanceolate,  aeutish,  mostly  entire,  often  glabroUM 

1  Paii.imint  Mountidiis,  Calif.,  aii.l  Veg.is  Wash,  S.  W.  Nev!»d:».  !.■-.  •■•  '■•.in.,   t    ... 


108  CRUCJFEILE.  Draha. 

beneath,  stellate-pnbescent  above,  or  usually  more  or  less  villous  aud  ciliate  with  simple 
hairs,  6  to  9  lines  long :  racemes  pedunculate  or  nearly  sessile  :  sepals  glabrous  or  sparingly 
pilose  :  pods  linear,  acute,  glabrous,  4  to  7  lines  long,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  spreading 
pedicels.  —  Fl.  Koss.  i.  154;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  28.  —  Subalpine  in  Rocky  Moun- 
tains from  Colorado  and  Utah  to  Brit.  America ;  Blue  Mountains,  Oregon,  Ciisick ;  Sierra 
Nevada,  Calif., ^  Brewer,  Jones ;    Unalaska,  Eschscholiz,  Chamisso. 

D.  montana,  Watson.  Stellate-pubescent  throughout  and  villous  below,  rather  stout, 
simple  or  branched,  leafy :  leaves  more  or  less  densely  pubescent  and  villous,  oblanceolate 
or  oblong  ;  the  cauliue  oblong-lanceolate  :  racemes  nearly  sessile  :  pods  linear-ol)long,  finely 
pubescent,  obtuse  or  acutish,  3  to  5  lines  long,  erect  or  ascending  on  shorter  spreading  pedi- 
cels. —  Bibl.  Index,  69  (name  only),  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  289.  —  Mountains  of  N.  Colorado, 
Hall  &  Hnrlnur,  Vasei/,  Greene,  Wolf. 

D.  crassifolia,  Gkah.vm.  Animal  or  biennial,  usually  scapose,  slender,  glabrous  through- 
out or  leaves  ciliate  (rarely  slightly  villous) :  caudex  simple  or  shortly  branched :  leaves 
narrowly  oblanceolate,  6  to  9  lines  long  or  less :  scape-like  peduncles  1  to  6  inches  high : 
flowers  small,  often  nearly  white  :  pods  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceoiate,  acute,  2  to  4  lines 
long,  on  spreading  pedicels  2  to  ,5  lines  in  length.  — Edinb.  New  Phil.  Jour.  1829,  182  ;  Fl. 
Dan.  t.  2419 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  28.  — Kocky  Mountains  of  Brit.  America,  Dnnn- 
vioncl,  Macoiin,  and  Colorado  in  Sawatch  Mountains,  Brandegee  ;  at  Peregoy's  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  Grai/.     (Greenland.) 

§  4.  Drabj^a,  Lindbl.  Perenuial,  with  a  branching  leafy-tufted  caudex  ;  in  a 
few  species  (iu  *  *  -i-  -»-)  sometimes  biennial  and  simple-stemmed  :  leaves  flat, 
soft,  more  or  less  broad,  not  carinate.  ^  Linnaea,  xiii.  318,  &  Stockholm  Acad. 
Ilandl.  1839,  28. 

*  Scapose. 
H—  Leaves  entire  (less  than  6  lines  long)  :  flowers  yellow. 

D.  alpina,  L  Densely  cespitose  and  caudex  much  branched :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate, 
obtuse  or  acute,  witli  a  thick  midveiu  at  base,  glabrous  and  villous-ciliate  or  somewhat 
Aillous-pubescent  with  simjjle  and  stellate  hairs,  6  lines  long  or  less :  scape  pubescent,  ^  to  G 
inches  high  :  sepals  more  or  less  villous :  pods  usually  glabrous,  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  acute, 
2  to  4  lines  long,  on  pedicels  1  to  5  lines  long,  8-20-ovuled ;  style  short  (^  line  long) ;  stigma 
broadly  capitate.  —  Spec.  ii.  642  ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  338 ;  Lange,  Medd.  Green,  iii.  247.  D.  pauci- 
flora,  K.  Br.  in  Parry,  1st  Voy.  Suppl.  to  App.  266.  D.  micropetala.  Hook,  in  Parry,  2d 
Voy.  App.  385. — Arctic  coast  and  islands  from  Griunell  Land,  Greet y,  to  Point  Barrow; 
Cape  Chudleigh  and  Mansfield  Lsland,  Hudson  Bay,  R.  Bell,  the  latter  specimens  with 
rounded  pods ;  Rocky  Mountains,  Brit.  America,  Drummond  {D.  rupestris,  $,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.- 
Arn.  i.  53),  Macoun.    (Greenland,  N.  Eu.,  Siberia.) 

D.  Howellii,  Watson.  Finely  stellate-pubescent  throughout,  cespitose  with  branching 
caudex:  leaves  broadly  spatulate,  mostly  very  obtuse,  half  inch  long  or  less:  scapes  3  or  4 
inches  high  :  flowers  large  (3  or  4  lines  long),  in  a  loose  raceme,  deep  yellow  :  pods  pubescent, 
oblong,  acute  at  each  end,  somewhat  oblique,  2  to  4  lines  long  not  including  the  slender 
style  (a  line  long),  on  spreading  pedicels  3  or  4  lines  in  length.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx. 
354.  —  In  the  Sislciyou  Mountains,  Calif.,  T.  Howell. 

D.  Lemnioni,  Watson.  High  alpine,  densely  cespitose  and  caudex  much  branched  :  leaves 
rather  thick,  spatulate  or  oblong-obovate,  mostly  very  obtuse,  ciliate  and  pilose  with  simple 
or  forked  hairs  or  nearly  glabrous,  3  to  5  lines  long :  scapes  1  or  2  inches  high,  pilose  with 
sjneading  hairs :  flowers  2  lines  long :  sepals  somewhat  villous  :  pods  pubescent  or  glabrous, 
ovate  to  broadly  lanceolate,  more  or  less  twisted,  3  lines  long,  on  slender  spreading  pedicels 
2  to  4  lines  long;  style  stout,  short.  —  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  430.  D.  alpina,  var.  algida,  Brew.  & 
Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  29,  mainly.  —  Peaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  Brewer,  Lemmon  ;  Wallowa 
^lountains,  E.  Oregon,  Cusick. 

D.  ventosa,  Gray.  Cespitose;  the  slender  branches  of  the  caudex  more  or  less  densely 
leafy  :    leaves  oblong-oblanceolate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  densely  stellate-pubescent,  2  to  5  lines 


Southward  to  Mineral  King,  Calif.,  ace.  to  Coville, 


I.e. 


Dmba.  CRUCIFKR.E.  Kj'J 

long  :  scapes  i  to  4  inclics  high,  puhosiciit  or  glalimto  ;  raronio  iiRiiallv  loosp :  flowers  hrij,'lit 
yellow,  2  lines  long  or  more:  calyx  usually  pulptsccnt  :  pu.ls  ovale  lo  olilonglamcolato, 
usually  acute,  densely  jiuhesceut  to  glalirous,  2  ti>  4  lines  lung,  with  a  8h<irt  hlender  t<l\\v  (a 
third  line  long),  on  pedicels  1  to  4  lines  long.  —  Am.  Nat  viii.  212.  I).  nlfiiKi,  Watt*.  Hot. 
King  Exp.  20.  —  Peak  above  Snake  I'jiss,  N.  \V.  Wyoming,  I'lirri/ ;  K.  llumlMtldt  Monn- 
taius,  Nevada,  and  Uinta  Mountains,  Utah,  Walsim,  iu>.  84,  and  no.  92  in  part ;  Stvin'n 
Mountain,  S.  E.  Oregon,  T.  Ilourll.  Tlio  original  sjiecimens  were  very  densely  leafy  and 
den.scly  pubescent  throughout. 

D.  eurycarpa,  (ln.w.  J)ensely  cespitose  and  stellate-pubescent;  tlie  sliort  liraiichex  of  tho 
caudex  very  leafy:  leaves  oblanceolate,  6  lines  long:  scaj)es  scan-ely  exceeding  the  leavon, 
pubescent,  lew-Howered  :  flowers  unknown  :  ])ods  large,  nl)li(ng-<il)(ivate,  acute,  giabroiin,  5  to 
8  lines  long,  2  to  4  broad  ;  the  slender  style  nearly  a  line  long.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  .')20.  — 
Near  summit  of  peak  south  of  Sonora  I'ass,  Calif.,  at  ll,.')()()  feet  alt.,  linmr,  no.  l'J09. 
•i-  H—  Leaves  (mostly  very  small)  entire  or  rarely  few-tootheil :  Howers  white :  scajies  randy 
with  a  single  leaf. 

D.  nivalis,  Lir..JKHLAD.  Caudex  with  numerous  slender  nuitted  branches :  leaves  in  sjiiall 
dense  tufts,  oblanceolate,  ficutish,  with  a  rather  stout  midnerve,  entire, canescent  with  a  short 
dense  stellate  pubescence,  not  at  all  ciliate  or  slightly  so  near -the  ba.<e,  2  or  3  lines  long  or 
less:  scapes  slender,  pubescent,  1  to  3  inches  high:  calyx  jiubescent :  jiods  few,  iiMiiilly 
glabrous,  oblong,  acute  at  each  end,  2  or  3  lines  long,  with  short  stout  style  and  2lol.ed 
stigma,  on  pedicels  1  or  2  lines  long  or  less;  ovules  about  10  or  12.  —  Vet.  Akad.  llandl. 
1793, 208  ;  Lindbl.  Linnaia,  xiii.  325  ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2417  ;  Lange,  Medd.  Gra-n.  iii.  39.  It.  muri- 
cella,  AVahl.  Fl.  Lap.  174;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  104.  D.  slrthln,  var.  uirulis,  Hegel,  IJull. 
Soc.  Nat.  Muse,  xxxiv.  pt.  2,  192.  —  From  the  Arctic  Coa.st  to  Labrador  on  the  ea.st,  ami  to 
the  Aleutian  Islands  on  the  west;  Madeod's  Lake,  Brit.  Columltia  and  North  Kootenai 
Vass,  Mucoiin ;  mountains  of  Colorado;  Uinta  Mountains,  Utah,  and  E.  HumJM.Idt  Moun- 
tains, Nevada,  Watson.  The  flowers  appear  to  be  sometimes  tinged  with  yellow.  The 
Kocky  Mountain  and  other  western  specimens  are  usually  .somewhat  ciliate  at  the  luise  of 
the  leaves.     ((Jrcenland,  Iceland,  Spitzbergen,  N.  Eu.) 

Var.  elongata,  Watson.  Leaves  ol>tuse  or  acutish  :  scai)es  very  slender  :  jiods  long 
and  narrow  (4  to  8  lines  in  length),  on  pedicels  1  to  ■')  lines  long.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii. 
2.")8.  ?  D.lo'vljies,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  53.  —  Rocky  Mountains  of  Brit.  America,  lioiinimu, 
Mdconn  ;  McDonald's  Peak  and  Upper  Maria's  Pa.ss,  Montana,  Caiihi/ :  N.  W.  Wyoming, 
Piin-i/ ;   Uinta  Mountains,  Watson  ;  Mt.  Paddo,  Washington,  Sidsdor/. 

D.  subsessilis,  Watson.  Densely  cespitose :  the  caudex  very  much  branched :  leaves 
crowded,  very  small,  oblong,  obtuse,  finely  stellate-pubescent  or  partially  glabnite,  n«>t 
ciliate:  peduncles  very  short,  rather  stout;  the  fruiting  racemes  an  inch  liigh,  with  the  pods 
sparsely  pubescent ;  pedicels  short :  Howers  small :  i>etals  white,  scarcely  exceeding  the  yel- 
lowish ovate  sepals:  pods  broadly  ovate-elliptical,  acutisli  or  obtuse,  2  lines  loiifr,  a.scending: 
style  very  i^hort  and  thick  ;  ovules  and  seeds  6  or  more.  —  Proc  Am.  Acail.  xxrii.  25.),  25S.  — 
White  Mountains,  Mono  Co.,i  California,  at  13,000  feet  alt.,  Shoclley. 

D.  Fladnizensis,  Whlf.  Caudex  nmch  branched  :  leaves  more  loosely  rosnhite.  narrosvly 
oblanceolate  and  usually  acute,  entire,  ])ilo.se-ciliate  and  u.^ually  span^^ely  villous  or  somen  hat 
stellate-jmbescent,  rarely  wholly  glabrous,  3  to  5  lines  long:  .scapes  1  to  3  inches  hi^li. 
usually  glabrous  or  slightly  villous  :  ])etals  often  yellowish  :  jhmIs  glal)rous,  ovate-^iblong  or 
ovate,  2  to  3j  lines  long,  several-see<led,  on  pedicels  1  or  2  lines  in  length  ;  stigma  nearly 
sessile.  —  Wulf.  in  Jacq.  Misc.  i.  147,  t.  17,  f.  1.  /A  amhosncn ,  Willd.  Siio<\  iii.  42S. 
r>.  lactea,  Adams,  Mem.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  v.  104.  A  Lai>i>onirn,  Willd.  in  DC.  Syst.  ii.  344. 
D.  Wahlenherqii,  Hartm.  Scand.  Fl.  240;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2420.  —  lIu<l.<on  Strait.  It.  lUll :  V.iv^]*' 
County,  Lower  Canada, ./.  A.  Alien :  Rocky  Mountains  of  Brit.  America.  linHnirmi.  liurlr .. 
Mountains  of  Colorado,  Brandeffee,  Ifonkn' &  (ha,/,  Putlevson  ;  S.  Utah.  Sil.r,^  form  with 
the  leaves  regularly  ciliate  with  umisually  long  hairs.  (Greenland.  N.  and  Centnil  Ku  , 
Asia.)  '  ■  .  ' 

Var.  COrymbosa,  Watsov,  1.  c.     Leaves  rather  more  frequently  ttiothed,  ciliate  and 
somewhat  i)ul)esceiit :    scapes  and  sepals  u.sually  pubescent :    pods  slellate-pnUvscent :    stylo 
very  short.—  A  a>n,ml>o.sa,  R.  Br.  in  Ross,  Voy.  Aj.p.  143  ;    Fl.  Dan.  t.  -.MIS;    Lange,  1.  c. 
1  Also  near  Mt.  Whitney,  ace.  to  ("ovilie.  I.  . . 


110  CRUCIFER.^.  Di-aha. 

41.  —  Greenland  and  jierJiaps  also  (the  original  specimens)  from  tlie  western  coast  of 
Baffin's  Bay.  Many  of  the  specimens  from  Greenland  and  SjMtzbergeu  that  have  been 
referred  to  it  appear  to  belong,  some  to  D.  alpina  and  others  to  D.  hirta.     ■ 

*  *  Caulescent;  stems  few- or  many-leaved:  leaves  entire  or  few-toothed. 

■i-r  Flowers  yellow. 

++  Lower  leaves  often  an  inch  long  or  more. 

D.  hyperborea,  Dks^v.  More  or  less  ])ubcscent  with  very  .^hort  brandling  hairs;  camlex 
.stout,  siniiile  ;  steins  simple  or  branched,  (lccunil)ent,  a  span  high  or  less :  leaves  oblanccolate, 
coarselv  toothed,  1  to  4  inches  long  including  the  broadly  winged  petiole  ;  the  cauline  some-* 
times  obloug-obovate :  flowers  in  a  broad  corymb :  pods  broadly  elliptical  to  narrowly  ob- 
long and  obtuse  (var.  spatulata,  Gray),  3  to  9  lines  long,  usually  glabrous,  on  spreading 
pedicels  3  to  6  lines  long;  style  half  line  long.— Jour.  Bot.  iii.  172  (1814).  Ali/ssum 
liiiperlmreum,  L.  Spec.  ii.  6.^)1.  D.  (jraudis,  Langsd.  in  DC.  Syst.  ii.  355;  Deless.  Ic.  Sel. 
ii.  14,  t.  47.  Cochlcaria  spathiilata  &  C.  siliijuosa,  Schlecht.  in  DC.  Syst.  ii.  369.  C.  seplen- 
triimtills  DC.  Prodr.  i.  174,  not  Schleciit.  —  Alaska,  from  Sitka  to  the  Aleutian  Islands  and 
St.  Paul's  Island. 

D.  chrysantha,  Watson.  Cespitose  ;  the  caudex  much-branched ;  stems  1  to  5  inches 
hitjh.  t;labr(nis  or  loosely  pubescent:  leaves  deep  green,  very  narrowly  oblanceolate ;  the 
few  cauline  linear  to  lanceolate, rarely  few-toothed,  glabrous  or  sparingly  ciliate  or  somewhat 
pubescent, -J  to  2  inches  long:  flowers  bright  yellow  becoming  whitish :  calyx  somewhat 
villous  :  pods  glabrous,  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate,  3  to  6  lines  long:  pedicels  usually  short, 
1  to  5  lines  long  :  style  slender,  about  half  line  long.  — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  364.  —  IligJi 
peaks  of  Colorado,  frequent ;  peak  south  of  Apache  Pass,  Arizona,  Lcmuwn. 

D.  Streptocdrpa,  Gray.  Thinly  villous  with  long  spreading  simple  or  branched  hairs : 
caudcK  simple  or  sparingly  branched  ;  stems  erect,  simple  or  strictly  branched,  an  inch  to  a 
si)au  liigh :  leaves  oblanceolate,  or  the  cauline  oblong  or  lanceolate,  acute,  rarely  slightly 
toothed,  ciliate  and  more  or  less  villous,  3  to  18  lines  long:  calyx  glabrous  or  somewhat 
■villous :  pods  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  usually  twisted,  glabrous  or  often  pubescent  on 
the  margin,  3  to  6  lines  long,  on  pedicels  half  as  long;  style  slender,  a  line  long.  —  Am. 
Jour  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  242. — Mountains  of  Colorado  and  New  Mexico;  Huachuca  and 
Santa  Rita  Mountains,  Arizona,  Lemmon,  Pringle,  a  stellate-pubescent  and  but  slightly 
villous  form,  nearly  approaching  the  following. 

D.  aurea  Vahl.  Pubescent  throughout  with  short  stellate  hairs  and  occasionally  somewhat 
pilose :  caudex  simple  or  sparingly  branched ;  stems  usually  rather  stout,  erect,  usually 
branched  from  the  base  upward,  leafy,  2  to  15  inches  high:  leaves  oblanceolate  or  the  cauline 
lanceolate,  usuallv  narrow,  frequently  ciliate  at  base,  i  to  2  inches  long  :  calyx  more  or  less 
pubescent:  petals  bright  yellow  to  nearly  white:  pods  lanceolate  to  linear,  acute,  pubescent 
(rarely  glabrous),  often  twisted,  3  to  6  lines  long,  on  pedicels  half  as  long;  style  half  line 
long  or  less.  —  Vahl  in  Hornem.  Fors.  fEc.  Plantel.  ed.  2,  599  ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1460  ;  Hook.  Bot. 
Mag.  t.  2934.  —  In  the  Rocky  Mountains  from  Mt.  Selwyn,  Brit.  America,  to  New  Mexico 
and  Utah;  Arizona,  Santa  Rita  Mountains,  Prinf/Ie,  Mt.  Graham  and  Mt.  Agassiz,  Lemmou, 
the  last  with  glabrous  pods ;  Mignon  Island,  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  Linden.  A  form  with 
ovate  pods  has  been  collected  in  the  Uinta  Mountains,  Utah,  Walson,  and  in  the  Sawatch, 
Bmnilef/ee.     (Greenland.) 

Var.  stylosa,  Gray,  1.  c.  243.  Styles  very  slender,  a  line  long.  — Near  Santa  Fe'.  New 
Mexico,  Findler.  Doubtful  specimens  collected  by  Bi;/elow  near  Albuquerque,  New  Mexico, 
and  bv  Rothrork  in  Sauoita  Valley,  Arizona,  have  some  of  the  cauline  leaves  broad  and 
ovate. 

++  ++  Leaves  small,  half  inch  long  or  less. 

D.  aureola,  Watso\.  Rather  densely  stellate-pubescent  throughout ;  caudex  simple  or 
branched  ;  stems  short,  simple,  4  inches  high  or  less :  leaves  oblanceolate ;  the  cauline  oblong, 
obtuse,  entire,  half  inch  long:  raceme  dense  in  flower  and  frnit:  calyx  glabrous:  pods 
broadly  oblong,  obtuse,  pubescent,  not  twisted,  4  to  5  lines  long,  on  spreading;  pedicels  2  or 
3  lines  lonf^ ;  style  short  (half  line  long),  stout.  —  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  430.  —  Lassen's  Peak,  Calif., 
Lemmon,  Mrs.  Austin. 

D.  corrugata,  Watsox,  1.  c     Pubescent  throughout  with  loose  branching  hairs  :    caudex 


Druba.  CRrciFKlLK.  HI 

simple  or  branched  ;   stems  hrancliing  frum  the  liasu  iipward,  very  leafy,  2  to  fi  iiiches  hi;;h : 
leaves  obloiig-ohlauceulate, obtiisisli,  entire, about  half  iiiili  loiif^  or  less  :  ll(jwern  pah-  y<-llow  : 
sepals  pubescent:    puds  lanceolate  to  broadly  olilong,  acute  or  obtuse,  jiuU-srcnt,  nnub  ror- 
rugated  and  twisted,  2  to  5  lines  long  not  inchiding  tlie  very  slender  style  (a  line  ..r  more 
long)  whicli  is  attenuate  to  a  minute  stigma:    pedicels  I  to  3  lines  long.  —  Mt.  tJrevback 
in  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains,  f.emmon,   W.  (J.   Wriijltt. 
-I—  -t—  Flowers  white. 
■H-  Stems  simple  or  sparingly  branched. 
=  Cauline  leaves  several  (or  few  in  I),  /intnri). 
D.   incana,    l^.     stellate  pube.-«ont    tliroughout;    pubescence    usually   loose:    caudex    often 
simple;    stem  2  to   1;")   inches  higli :    leaves  mostly  oblancecdate  or  the  cauline  sometimes 
ovate,  few-toothed  or  entire  :  pods  oblong  to  lanceolate,  usually  acute  and  straight,  glabrous 
or  finely  .stellate-pubescent,  3  to  5  lines  long,  usually  suberect  on  a.sceiiding  pedicels  I  to  3 
lines  long;  .style  very  short.  — Spec.  ii.  643.     D.  contorta,  Ehrh.  IJeitr.  vii.  l.'iS.     I).  rn„/,im, 
Ehrh.  1.  c.,  the  form  with  pubescent  pods.  —  Labrador  to  New  Brunswick  anil   N.  \'ermont ; 
in  the  Kocky  Mountains  inlat.  51°,  and  in  Cidorado  at  (ieorgetown.  < i' ntui: , -.mil  South  I'ark, 
Rothrock  &  \Vi>lf;  at  Ft.  Eraser  anil  McLeod's  Lake,  Brit.  Columliia,  Mnronu.     Some  of  the 
western  specimens  are  more  fijiely  and  densely  pubescent  than  is  usual,     ((ireenland,  Ku., 
Asia.) 

Var.  arabisans,  AVatson.  Caudex  mudi  branched :  jiod  glabron.s  acuminate  or 
acute,  often  twisteil,  4  to  6  lines  long,  beaked  with  a  longer  distinct  stvle.  —  I'roc.  Am. 
Acad,  xxiii.  260,  &  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  67.  D.  araliisaiis,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  28;  Crav,  (Jen.  111. 
i.  160,  t.  68.  D.  Arabis,  I'ers.  Syn.  ii.  190.  D.  ylabelln,  I'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  434.  />.  inmwt,  var. 
glabriuscula,  Gray,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lye.  iii.  222.  D.  Ihimfluiui,  Schlecht.  Linna'a,  x.  U»0. 
D.  Canadensis,  Brunet,  PI.  Canad.  21,  a  form  with  ovate  pods.  — Labrador  to  N.  \'ermont 
and  New  York,  an<l  the  shores  of  Lakes  Huron  and  Superior.  Grading  indefinitely  into  the 
typical  form  of  the  species. 

D.  Breweri,  AVatson,  1.  c.  Dwarf  and  alpine,  hoary  throughout  with  a  dense  stellate 
pubescence;  the  few  stems  from  a  shortly  branched  caudex,  1  to  3  inches  high:  leaves 
crowded,  oblong  to  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  entire  or  rarely  s])aringly  toothed,  sometimes 
slightly  ciliate  at  base,  2  to  4  lines  long;  the  cauline  few,  oidong-ovate;  tlowers  small: 
sepals  oblong,  herbaceous,  shorter  than  the  petals :  pods  linear-oblong,  obtusish,  pulie.xcent, 
2  or  3  lines  long,  on  short  ascending  pedicels:  stigma  sessile  or  nearly  .so.  —  Mt.  Dana, 
California,  at  12,000  feet  alt.,  Brewer;  White  Mountains,  Mono  County,  at  13,000  feet  alt  , 
Shocl-leij. 

D.  borealis,  DC.  Loo.sely  stellate-pubescent  throughout,  more  or  le.«s  cespitose;  stems 
2  to  12  inches  high:  leaves  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  flat,  glabrous  or  pubescent.  3  to  :^  lines 
long,  exceeding  the  pedicels ;  style  short  and  stout.  —  Syst.  ii.  342.  I).  Unahsrhklitun.  DC. 
\.  c.  350.  D.  incana,  var.  borealis,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  107.  —  Alaska  and  adjacent  islands; 
Brit.  Columbia, /?o^/irw^;  Arctic  Coast,  F;y7/iX/»«  ;  Ochotsk  Sea,  Wright.  A  variety  with 
longer  pedicels  is  found  in  Japan  (Z).  Sarhalinensis,  Schmidt). 
=  =  Cauline  leaves  one  to  three. 

D.  hirta,  L.  Loosely  stellate-pubescent :  caudex  branched  ;  stems  low,  usually  lax  •  leaves 
narrow  or  the  cauline  ovate,  |  to  1  inch  long  or  less,  sometimes  ciliate:  ptvis  oblong-lanceo- 
late to  oblong-ovate,  glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent,  often  somewhat  twisted,  3  to  5  lines 
long,  u.sually  exceeding  the  short  pedicels  ;  .style  short  and  stout;  stigma  often  2dol)ed. — 
Syst.  ed.  10,  1127;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2422;  Lange.Medd.  GrnMi.  iii.  42.  I).  riii>,stris,  K.  Br.  in 
Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,iv.  91 ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2421.  P.  nbhmgatn,  \l.  Br.  in  Ross,  Voy.  .\pp.  143  ;  DC. 
Syst.  ii.  342.  D.  graciUs,  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ho.ss.  i.  152. —  Alaska,  Cape  Tliomp.oon  to  I'nalaska; 
the  Arctic  Coast  to  Bensselaer  Harbor,  Kane.     (Greenland,  N.  Eu.,  and  Asia.) 

Var.  arctioa,  Watson.     Densely  tufted  and  more  densely  ptibes<eiit :  leave.-'  short ; 
the  cauline  ovate:    pods  pubescent.  —  IVoc.  Am.  Acad,    xxiii.   2fitt.     />.  inT//V(i,  Vahl,  Fl. 
Dan.  t.  2294;   Lange,  1.  c.  43.  —  (^rinnell  Land,  (h->rhi.     ((ireenland,  Spifzbergen.) 
++    -H-    Stems  diffusely  branched  above. 

D.  ramosissima,  Desv.  Thinly  stellate-pubescent :  canilex  much  branched  ;  stems  slender, 
a  span  high:    leaves  oblauceobite,  laciniately  toothed,  acute,  \\  to  2l  inches  long:    raceme* 


]^]^2  CRUCIFERiE.  I^ruba. 

numerous  rather  short :  flowers  rather  large :  pods  ovA  to  narrowly  oblong,  pubescent, 
twisted  2  to  4  lines  Ion-,  not  iududing  the  very  slender  style  (U  lines  long) ;  stigma  lobcd. 
—  Jour  Bot.  iii.  186  (ISU) ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  106.  Alyssum  (?)  dentatnm,  Nutt.  Gen.  n. 
63.  D.dentata,  Hook.  &  Am.  Jour.  Bot.  i.  192;  Hook.  Ic.  t.  31.  — Mountains  of  Virginia 
and  Tennessee ;  cliffs  of  the  Kentucky  Kiver,  Short. 

§  5.  Aizoi'Sis,  DC.  Leaves  liuear,  entire,  becoming  rigid  with  reflexed  margin 
and  carinate  by  the  prominent  midnerve :  scapose,  alpine,  and  densely  cespitose. 
—  Syst.  ii.  332. 

D  glacialis,  Auams.  Caude.\  much  branched;  branches  short  and  slender:  leaves  2  to  9 
"lines  luut;,  n'lore  or  less  loosely  stellate-pubescent,  sometimes  ciliate  at  base:  scape  slender, 
-I  to  6  iirJlies  high,  pubescent'  or  glabrate,  raceme  rather  few-flowered ;  sepals  somewhat 
villous  or  glabrous :  petals  yellowish :  pods  ovate  to  ovate-oblong,  acute,  rounded  at  base 
(or  narrowly  oblong  and  acute  at  both  ends),  usually  finely  pubescent,  1  to  4  lines  long  on 
pedicels  1  to  6  lines  in  length,  8  to  16-ovuled  ;  style  a  quarter  to  half  line  long.  —  Mem.  Soc. 
Nat.  Mosc.  V.  106  ;  Kegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxiv.  pt.  2, 186,  t.  .5,  f.  3,  4  (var.) ;  Hook.  f. 
Fl.  Brit.  Ind.  i.  142.  JJ.  olkfospcniia,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  1.51.'  D.  nlpim,  var.  glacialis, 
Dickie,  Jour.  Linn.  Soc.  xi.  33.  —  Frequent  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  from  Brit.  America  to 
Wyoming  and  Montana,  more  rare  south  and  westward ;  South  Bark,  Colorado,  Rothrock 
&  *iro//;*Uinta  Mountains,  Utah,  Watson;  Blue  Mountains,  Oregon,  Cusick;  Mt.  Dana, 
Calif.,  i^reim- ,-  Cascade  Moimtains  of  Washington,  Z-ya//,  Tweed,/;  McLeod's  Lake  and 
Stewart  Lake  Mountains,  Brit.  Columbia,  Macotin ;  also  collected  in  the  arctic  regions  by 
Richardson  in  lat.  68°,  on  the  Mackenzie  Kiver,  and  by  Franklin.  Very  variable  but  well 
marked  and  apparently  identical  with  Asiatic  forms,  as  described,  originally  found  on  the 
arctic  coast  of  Siberia  and  the  banks  of  the  Lena.  The  smaller  higher  alpine  specimens 
have  sometimes  the  pubescence  very  fine  and  dense.     (Asia,  Spitzbcrgen.) 

Var  *  pectinata,  Watson. i  Alpine  and  very  densely  cespitose,  the  short  rigid 
leaves  .Glabrous  or  nearly  so,  and  ciliate  with  long  rigid  hairs:  pods  4-6-seeded,  pubescent 
with  brtmched  hairs,  or  glabrate;  yalves  only  moderately  convex.  —Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii. 
260  D  denslfolia,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  104.  —California,  Silver  Mountain,  Brewer, 
and  Mt  Lola  Lemmon ;  Nevada,  E.  Humboldt  Mountains,  Watson;  Idaho,  Nevius ;  Utah, 
Jones ;  Uinta  Mountains,  Watson,  no.  88,  a  form  with  fleshy  shorter  glabrous  and  less 
ciliate  leaves. 
D  *  Douglasii,  Gkay."-^  Leaves  firm  or  even  somewhat  cartilaginous,  at  first  pubescent 
'with  short  nearly  simple  hairs  but  glabrate  except  the  strongly  ciliated  margins,  n.>t  lucid: 
scapose  stems  half  inch  to  inch  and  a  half  high,  finely  pubescent  with  simjde  hairs :  flowers 
white  •  pods  ovate,  acuminate,  2  lines  long  :  valves  becoming  very  strongly  convex,  pubes- 
cent with  simple  hairs ;  stvle  slender,  half  line  to  a  line  in  length ;  ovules  only  two  (or 
rarely  four)  in  each  cell,  pendent  from  near  the  apex  of  the  cells;  seeds  very  large.  — Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  vii.  328;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  29.  Brat/a  Oregonensis,  Gray,  1.  c.  xvii. 
199.  Cn.'iickia,  Gray,  1.  c  — High  mountains  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  from  San  Bernardino 
Co  Parish  northward  throughout  California  to  Union  Co.,  Oregon,  Cusirt,  and  Klikitat, 
Washington.  Howell;  also  in  N.  &  W.  Nevada,  Anderson,  Watson;  first  coll.  by  Douglas; 
fl.  April  to  June. 

2.  ATH"^SANUS,  Greene,  (d  privative,  and  Ova-avo^,  fringe,  i"  reference 
to  the  hick  of  the  distinct  border  which  in  Thysanocarpus  is  present  and  often 
cleft.)— A  monotypic  annual,  formerly  classed  with  Thysanocarpus,  but,  as  Prof. 
Greene  has  pointed  out,  nearly  related  to  Draba  unilateralis,  Jones,  and  generically 

1  De.<!cription  amplified  to  exclude  more  clearly  the  following  nearly  related  species. 

2  Dr  Watson  omitted  this  species  from  bis  pvehminary  treatment  of  the  genus,  having  probably 
noticed  its  identity  with  Dr.  Gray's  Brayn  Oregonensis.  There  can  be  little  doubt,  however,  that 
Dr.  Gray's  earlier  disposition  of  the  plant  in  the  genus  Drnba  was  the  more  accurate.  The  micro- 
scopic structure  of  the  false  septum  in  the  fruit  is  of  Draba,  and  very  different  from  that  of  Braya  a. 
pcnus  to  which  on  other  accounts  this  species  can  scarcely  be  referred.  D.  Crockeri,  Lemmon,  BulL 
Ton-.  Club,  xvi.  221,  is  from  character  and  habitat  a  synonym. 


Thysannciirjms.  CKL'CIFKU.K.  "II3 

nither  unsatisftictorily  separated  by  its  l-ccllcd.  2- i-c.vuKd,  l-seeded  fruit;  iIim 
silicids  falling  off  without  dehisc-eiicc  hut  [lossessiiig  v:ilvcs,  which  divido  n-ruhirlv 
under  the  prolonged  influence  of  moisture.  From  the  European  genus  Vlypenln 
of  similar  hahit  it  is  technically  separated  by  the  absence  of  any  meml>ranou.H  c»r 
tooth-like  appendages  upon  the  filaments.  — ;  Bull,  Calif.  Aca<l.  Sci.  i.  72  ;  Pranll 
in  Engl.  &.  Prautl,  Nat.  PHanzenfam.  iii.  Ab.  2,  lUl.     [By  B.  L.  Roiunson.] 

A.  pusillus,  Gkeknk,  1.  c.  Hirsiite-tomentose,  braiiclieil  from  near  thn  haso,  .3  to  9  iiidu'.H 
hi^li ;  branches  subsiinplo,  spreading,  tcrminatiupj  in  elongated  racemes:  leaves  ulilancc- 
olate,  obtuse,  toothed  or  piuuatifid,  4  to  6  lines  long,  forming  a  rosette  at  the  luLxe ;  the  cauline 
more  or  less  reduced  :  ])edicels  1  to  1^  lines  in  length,  recurved  :  flowers  very  small :  iK-talx 
minute,  linear,  or  wanting:  fruit  f  to  1  line  in  diameter,  usually  rovered  witli  spreading 
uncin:ite  hairs. —  Tli  i/sanocar/ms  iiitsillus,  Ilouk.  Ic.  t.  42;  Torr.  &  Grav,  Fl.  i.  1 1 9. 
7\  oblongifolius,  Nutt.  iu  Torr.  &  (iray,  1.  c.  118.  —  Dry  liillsides  from  San  Diego,  OrcutI, 
to  15rit.  Columliia,  Muconn  ;  common. 

Var.  glabrior,  Watsox,  in  herb.  Leaves  thin,  nearly  smootli,  at  le!u«t  not  hirsute  ;  fruit 
ciliated  I)ut  glabrous  upon  the  faces.  —  Growing  witii  the  tyi)ical  form  near  Fort  Mohave, 
J.  (I.  Lciiuiioii,  April,  1884.  A  form  with  pods  smooth  and  free  even  from  ciliaiinn  l.a-  lie.  n 
collected  near  San  Francisco,  Mrs.  Biandegee. 

3.  THYSANOCARPUS,  Hook,  (©i^o-avov,  fringe,  and  KapTr,.^,  inut.;  - 
Slender  erect  annuals  of  the  Pacific  Slope,  with  subsirnple  or  branche<l  stmis, 
minute  white  or  purplish  fiowers,  and  very  characteristic  disk-shaped  or  concave 
indehiscent  one-celled  fruit;  the  latter  often  toothed  like  a  cog-wheel  or  per- 
forated near  margin  by  a  series  of  openings.  —  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  G9,  t.  18,  f.  A; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  94;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  48,  excl.  T.  pusil/ns. 
[By  B.  L.  RoiiiNSON.] 

*  Stem  profusely  l)rauched ;  branches  spreading  at  a  considerable  angle,  commonly  again 
once  or  twice  branched  :  petals  purplish  or  white,  considerably  exceeding  the  ealyx  ;  pud.s 
small  (1^-  to  2  lines  in  diameter),  often  strongly  concave  and  boat-shaped  with  a  comiiiplu 
catc  divided  or  perforated  wing. 

T.  conchuliferus,  Greene.  Glabrous  throughout,  glancons,  4  to  8  inches  in  height: 
leaves  linear  or  lance-linear,  sagittate-auriculate,  runcinately  toothed  or  ])arted  ;  teeth  2  to  4 
pairs  :  racemes  1  or  2  inches  long,  rather  densely  niany-flowercd  :  jjcdicels  2  to  3  lines  long, 
spreading  horizontally  and  gently  recurved :  pod  markedly  cymbiform,  finely,  reticulattnl 
but  quite  glabrous.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  218,  &  Pittouia,  i.  31;  K.  Hrandegee,  Zoe, 
i.  1^2. —Rocky  soil  on  the  Island  of  Santa  Cruz  off  coast  of  S.  California,  Greme, 
Bnvideiiee. 

Var.  planilisculus,  Robinson,  n.  var.  Fruit  plano-convex  or  sliglitly  concavo- 
convex,  not  perceptibly  reticulated  but  hirsute  upon  both  sides:  pedicels  4  to  6  lines  long. 
—  Island  of  Santa  Cruz  with  type,  T.  S.  Biandefjee,  April,  1888. 

♦  *  Stems  simple  or  with  a  few  subsimple  elongated  nearly  erect  branches:  po<ls  2  to  4 
lines  in  diameter,  jilano convex,  rarely  a  little  concave  on  one  side;  wing  entire,  ilivide<|, 
or  perforated:  flowers  very  small:  petals  little  exceeding  the  calyx:  ujiper  leaves 
narrow. 

T.  CUTVipes,  Hook.  Commonly  more  or  le.*s  hirsute  below,  8  to  12  inche.'*  in  height :  ba.*al 
leaves  msnhite,  often  persisting,  oblong,  jiinnatifitl  with  short  blunt  lobes  or  merely  dentate  ; 
up])er  leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  sagittate  ;iuriculate  and  clamping  nt  l>a>i  '  — 
(6  to  l(»  lines  in  length):  pedicels  very  slender,  14  to  3  lines  long.  le:(ving  the  axis  :i' 
angles  and  strongly  recurveil :  fruit  subject  to  much  variation.  1  to  •2\  lines  in  •!! 
(including  wing),  tomeiitose  or  glabrous;  wing  narrow  <.r  liroa<l.  usually  entire,  s.inutim..^ 
crenate  or  with  a  few  perforations,  sometimes  involute  (var.  i>voi,i':ris,  Gjoodc.  Fl. 
Francis.  27.'))  —  Fl.  15or.-Am.  i   6<t,  t.  18,  f.  .\;    Torr  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  118;    Brew.  &   \\M». 


114  CRUCIFER.E.  Thy.^iiuoccrjnis. 

Bot.  Calif,  i.  48;  M.  E.  Joucs,  Bot.  Gaz.  viii.  283.  T.  pulrhellus,  Fiscb.  &  Mey.  Ind.  Sem. 
Hort.  I'etrop.  ii.  1835,  25;  Hook.  Coinp.  Bot.  Mag.  ii.  9  —Dry  ground  ou  hills,  from 
S.  California  and  Arizona  to  Wasliingtou,  SiiksJorf,  and  Idaho,  Si>ulil  ng,  Wilccr. 

Var.  elegans,  Rouinson,  n.  var.  (Lace-pod.)  Fruit  larger,  2  to  4  lines  broad; 
wing  usually  perforated  with  regular  series  of  roundish  openings;  upper  leaves  inclining 
to  be  broader  tlian  in  typical  form. —  T.  elegans,  Fisch.  &  Mey.  1.  c.  26;  Hook.  1.  c.,  & 
If.  t.  ."39;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  118.  T.'curvipes,  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  48,  in  part; 
AVats.  Bibl.  Index,  74.  — Arizona,  Pn'ngle,  Palnwr,  and  Calif(»rnia  nortli  at  lea.st  to  Ciiico, 
Grai/.  This  variety,  while  iu  its  extreme  form  strikingly  different  from  the  typical  phint, 
is  thoroughly  connected  with  the  latter  by  a  very  complete  and  gradual  series  of  inter- 
mediate forms.  Prof.  Greene  states  that  it  does  not  ;.:row  in  the  Coast  Range,  but  it  has 
l)een  collected  on  Mt.  Diablo,  Brewer,  and  in  the  Napa  Valley,  BIt/elow. 
T.  laciniatus,  Nutt.  Smooth  or  nearly  so,  glaucous,  8  to  15  inches  high:  leaves  thinner 
tliau  in  the  preceding;  those  near  iiase  not  forming  a  dense  or  persistent  rosette,  linear  or 
subentir©  or  deeply  pinnatitid  into  narrow  linear  acute  segments;  upper  leaves  entire, 
elongated  (10  to  15  lines  in  length),  scarcely  a  line  in  breadth,  inserted  by  a  narrow  bajse  : 
racemes  4  to  8  lines  long:  fruit  obovatc,  elliptic,  or  orbicular,  1^  to  If  lines  in  diameter 
(including  the  entire  or  subentire  imperforate  wing),  distinctly  reticulated,  commonly  but 
not  always  glabrous;  pedicels  slendei,  spreading  and  detiexed.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl. 
i.  118 ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  31 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  49.  —  Central  and  Southern 
California,  Arizona. 

Var.  crenatus,  Brewer.  Fruit  with  a  deeply  crenate-toothed  or  perforated  wing, 
usually  becoming  2  to  2^  lines  ia  breadtli :  racemes  usually  shorter  and  denser  than  in  type. 
—  Bot.  Calif,  i.  49.  7\  crenalaa,  Nutt.  1.  c.  T.  ramosus,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii. 
390.  —  Occurring  with  and  not  always  distinguishable  from  the  typical  form. 

*  *  *  Fods  4  to  5  lines  in  diameter,  plano-convex  or  nearly  so ;  the  wing  radiately  nerved, 
ueitlier  toothed  nor  perforated :  upper  leaves  ovate-oblong  or  ovate-lanceolate,  cordate- 
auriculate. 

T.  radians,  Benth.  Stems  10  to  15  inches  high,  simple  or  with  a  few  simple  elongated 
ascending  branches,  glabrous :  lowest  leaves  runcinately  toothed  or  piunatifid;  the  upper 
sub-entire :  racemes  long,  loosely  flowered ;  pedicels  usually  ascending  but  nodding  near 
apex,  4  to  8  lines  long :  petals  purple,  exceeding  the  c<alyx :  fruit  downy  or  quite  smooth, 
white,  with  dark  nerves  radiating  in  the  wing.  — PI.  Hartw.  297;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot. 
Calif,  i.  49.  —  Central  California,  Sacramento  Valley,  northward  to  Oregon,  HoweU.  Not 
abundant,  but  striking  on  account  of  its  large  light-colored  and  radiately  nerved  fruit. 

4.  BERTEI16A,  DC.  (Dedicated  to  Carlo  Giuseppe  Bertero,  a  Pied- 
Pjontese  botanist,  1789-1831,  who  travelled  in  Sojith  America.)—  A  small  genus 
often  united  with  Ahjssum,  with  which  many  of  its  technical  characters  agree,  but 
so  different  in  its  tall  branching  habit,  as  well  as  its  very  deeply  cleft  petals  and 
generally  more  numerous  margined  or  winged  seeds,  as  to  appear  worthy  of 
generic  rank,  to  which  it  has  lately  been  restored  by  Prof.  Prantl.  — Mem.  Mus. 
Paris,  vii.  232,  Syst.  ii.  290,  &  Prodr.  i.  158.  Under  Farsetia,  Reichenb.  Consp. 
184.     Under  Ahjssum,  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  74.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

B.  incAna,  DC.  Erect  or  somewhat  decumbent,  1  to  2  feet  high,  pale  green:  branches 
simple:  radical  leaves  spatulate,  2  to  4  inches  long^  the  cauline  similar  or  lanceolate, 
smaller :  petals  white,  much  exserted,  deeply  bifi<i,  almost  as  in  Stelbtrin  :  capsule  elliptic, 
somewhat  inflated,  about  3  lines  long;  cells  about  6-seeded ;  style  slender,  persi.stent. — 
Syst.  ii.  291.  Alyssum  incaninn,  L.  Spec.  ii.  650.  — Grain,  hay,  and  clover  fields,  becoming 
frc(iuent,  N.  New  England  an<l  Massachusetts,  probably  introduced  with  grass  or  clover 
seed  ;  also  a  ballast-weed  about  New  York  City,  Judge  Brown.  (Adv.  from  Eu.) 
B.  mttAbilis,  DC,  a  very  similar  species  with  pods  larger  and  flatter,  4  to  5  lines  long,  is 

reported  as  somewhat  established  at  Hingham,  Ma.ss.,  Bonv...     (Adv.  from  Eu.) 


.\h,ssu,n.  CRUCIFKK.E.  110 

5.  LOBULARIA,  Dosv.  (New  Latin  lubulUs,  vl  little  loho,  presuniubly 
ill  reference  to  the  two-parted  or  lobed  hairs.)  —  A  small  group  of  Old  World 
plants,  chiefly  of  the  Mediterranean  region,  often  united  with  Alt/ssum,  but  of 
distinct  habit  and  with  very  ditt'erent  and  characteristic  pubescence.  —  .lour,  \^^>t. 
iii.  102  (1814)  ;  Prantl  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  2,  195.  Ao«iy, 
Adans.  Fam.  ii.  420.  Aduseton,  Adans.  1.  c.  ii.  (23).  Kaiu'ga,  U.  IJr.  in  Denh. 
»fc  Clapp.  App.  214. — The  name  here  retained  is  the  earliest  desirable  generic 
designation,  since  one  of  Adansou's  names  was  not  Latinized  and  the  other 
spelled  in  two  ways  by  the  author  himself,  who  ccnnpletes  their  confusion  by 
transposing  them  in  his  prefatory  errata.     [By  R  L.  Robinson.] 

L.  MARfxiMA,  Desv.  1.  c.  (Sweet  Alyssim.)  Perenniiil,  lirancliiiig  near  the  b.-U'o,  wmie- 
tinies  a  little  woody  below:  branches  sleuder,  leafy:  leaves  oblong-laiiceuhite  to  linear, 
appressed-pubescent  witli  hairs  attached  in  the  middle :  racemes  numerous,  becoming  elon- 
gated ;  pedicels  widely  spreading  or  divaricate,  3  lines  in  length  :  flowers  white,  fragrant : 
petals  fully  twice  as  long  as  sepals ;  blades  suborbicular,  entire,  patulous  :  filaments  enlarged 
below  but  not  toothed  :  capsule  orbicular,  a  line  in  diameter;  cells  1 -seeded. —  Ctif/i'Ja 
vian'lima,  L.  Spec.  ii.  652.  A/i/ssum  marifiititim,  Lam.  Diet.  i.  98;  !)(,'.  Syst.  ii.  318 
Koniqa  viarithnn,  R.  Br.  I.e.;  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  175.  —  Cultivated  and  occa- 
sionally spontaneous  or  somewhat  established  by  roadsides.     (Adv.  from  Ku.) 

6.  ALYSSUM,  Tourn.  (Etymology,  u  privative,  and  AiWa,  madness, 
the  plants  having  been  regarded  in  ancient  times  as  an  antidote  for  hydrophobia, 
see  Pliny,  N.  H.  xi,  57,  95.)  —  Herbaceous  or  suffrutescent  plants,  natives  of  the 
Old  World  north  of  the  tropics.  One  species  is  indigenous  in  Alaska  and  another 
of  different  section  is  more  or  less  established  in  the  United  States.  —  Tourn. 
ace.  to  L.  Gen.  no.  533;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  IGO;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  18-21 : 
Benth.  &  Hook.  G?n.  i.  73.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

§  1.  EuALYSSUM,  Boiss.  Filaments  laterally  toothe<l  :  cells  of  the  fruit 
2-,seeded.  —  Fl.  Orient,  i.  264.  —  Alaskan  perennial  (and  many  ()M  Worhl 
species). 

A.  Americanum,  Greene.  Low,  spreading,  densely  stellate-pubescent,  perennial  •  stems 
decuialieiit,  3to  5  inches  in  height,  leafy  up  to  the  subcorymbose  inflorescence  :  leaves  spatn- 
lato,  i>aU'  al)ove,  white  beueatli,  entire,  3  to  6  lines  l<)ng,  a  third  as  broad,  rounded  at  the 
apex:  racemes  even  hi  fruit  but  an  inch  in  length;  peilicels  divaricate,  liecoming  3  lines 
long:  sepals  ovate-oblong,  obtuse:  petals  with  suborbicular  narrowly  notch<-d  blade  and 
very  slender  claw:  filaments  appendaged :  capsule  broadly  obovate.  nearly  2  lines  long, 
witii  a  slender  persistent  .style  less  than  half  its  length.  — Pittonia,  ii.  224.  — This  plant 
appears  to  stand  close  to  A.  wmilitnnm,  L.,  and  better  fruiting  sj>ecimen8  are  necessary  to 
prove  with  much  certaintv  its  di.<tiuctiiess  from  this  and  other  closely  related  species  of  the 
Old  World. 
§  2.    I'siLONEMA,  C.  A.  Meyer  (as  genus).     Filaments  unappendaged  :   petals 

cuneate  :  cells  of  the  fruit  2-seeded.  —  Meyer  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Alt.  iii.  50. 

A.  CALYcfNiTM,  L.  Low  Spreading  annual,  stellate-pubescent,  branching  fmm  near  the  haw  : 
leaves  numerous,  .small,  sjiatulat*',  entire,  a.scending:  racemes  becoming  2  to  8  incli.«  lung; 
pedicels  1  to  2  lines  in  length:  calyx  wholly  or  partially  persisting  until  the  niainrity  ..f  the 
fruit:  petals  small,  white  or  nearly  so,  scarcely  .surp:i.<sing  tb.-  .«ep:ils  :  fruit  ...rl.i.nlar, 
double  convex  but  with  thin  margin.  —Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  90S;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Jlniy,  Man. 
ed.  6,  68.  A.ali/ssoidrs,  L.  Syst.  e<l.  10.  ii.  1130.  C/.//wo/a  alytsoides.  L.  Spoc.  6.'.2. — 
Uoadsides,  etc.,  across  the  continent,  not  infrrquciit ;  fl.  May.  Jnne.     (Adv.  from  Kn.) 


]^]^Q  CRUCIFER.E.  Lesquerella. 

7.  LESQUERl^LLA,  Watson.  (Dedicated  to  Leo  Lesquerexix,  distin- 
truished  palseontologist  aud  bryologist,  born  near  Neufchatel,  1805,  died  1889.)  — 
A  lart^e  and  natural  genus  of  North  America,  distinguished  from  Alyssum  by 
haviuw  usually  turgid  pods  (lenticular  in  a  few  species)  aud  unappendaged  fila- 
ments, from  the  gerontogeous  genus  Vesicaria  by  having  smaller  flowers,  shorter 
spatulate  rather  than  unguiculate  petals,  smaller  pods  with  more  or  less  nerved 
septum  and  generally  immarginate  seeds.  The  genus  occupies  the  greater  part 
of  the  continent  from  the  western  borders  of  the  Great  Basin,  Arizona,  and 
Lower  California  to  Texas,  Kentucky,  the  Saskatchewan,  Labrador,  and  Green- 
land. A  single  species  is  S.  "American.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  249  ;  Wats. 
&,  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  68.  Vesicaria  of  authors,  not  Lam.,  as  to 
American  species  (excl.  Physaria),  thus  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  161,  t.  70;  Benth.  &. 
Hook.  Gen.  i.  73  ;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  74.     [By  S.  Watson.] 

§  1.  ALfsMUS,  Watson.  Pubescence  loosely  or  somewhat  hispidly  stellate: 
wmter  annuals,  with  several  often  simple  leafy  ascending  or  subdecunibent  stems, 
not  canescent  or  scarcely  so :  pods  round  or  round-ovate,  mostly  sessile  ;  the  cells 
4-8-ovuled.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  250. 

*   Seeds  margined  :  filaments  dilated  at  base :  style  shorter  than  the  pod. 
H-  Pods  flattened,  round-ovate,  strigose-hairy  ;  septum  not  hyaline. 
L.  Lescurii,  Watson,  1.  c.     Stems  slender,  usually  branching,  a  span  high  or  less:  leaves 
oblong-ovate' or  oblong,  toothed  ;  the  caulinc  sessile  and  auriculate :  petals  broadly  spatulate, 
2  to  3°liiies  long  :  filaments  inflated  at  the  base  :   pods  2  or  3  lines  long,  ascending,  the  style 
not  half  so  long ;    cells  4-ovuled ;  the  funiculus  free.—  Vesicaria  Lescurii,  Gray,  Man.  od.  2, 
38.     Ahjssum  Lescurii,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  72.  —  Hills  near  Nashville,  Tenn. 
-1—  H—  Pods  globose,  glabrous. 
L.  grandiflora,   Watson,  I.e.     Finely  pubescent,  rarely  somewhat  hispid:   stems  a  foot 
high  or  more:  radical  leaves  oblanceolate,  more  or  less  deeply  sinuate  or  sinuate-pinuatitid  ; 
the  cauline  oblanceolate  to  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  narrowed  at  l)ase  or  somewhat  auricu- 
late-clasping  :   petals  obovate,  2  to  5  lines  long :   filaments  gradually  dilated  below  :   pods 
suberect  on  ascending  or  divaricate  pedicels,  2  or  3  lines  in  diameter,  abrupt  at  base  :    the 
stvle  rarely  a  line  long ;    cells  usually  8-ovulcd.  —  Vesicaria  >jrandi_/iora,  Hook.  Bot.  Mag. 
t  3464  ■    Don  in  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Card.  ser.  2,  t.  404;   Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  101,  excl.  var. ; 
Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  148.     V.  hrevistulu,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  102.  — Middle  counties  of 
Texa^s,  from  the  Gulf  to  the  Red  River. 
L    auriculata,  Watson,  1.  c.     More  hirsute  with  spreading  hairs :    cauline  leaves  more  or 
less  auricled :  petals  narrower ;  filaments  abruptly  and  broadly  dilated  at  base :  pods  slightly 
narrowed  at  base;   the  style  half  its  \Qngfh.  —  Vesicaria  auriculata,  Engelra.  &  Gray,  PI. 
Lindh.  pt.  1,  32.  — Dry  prairies  near  San  Felipe,  Texas,  Lindheimer. 

*  *   Seeds  immarginate :  filaments  slightly  dilated :  pods  subdepressed-globose. 
^—  Pods  hirsute. 
L.  lasioc^rpa,  Watson.     Low,  and  slightly  hispid  :  leaves  coarsely  toothed  or  pinnatifid  ; 
"the  lower  oblanceolate;   the  cauline  oblong,  sessile,  not  auriculate  :   petals  obovate,  3  lines 
long  :    filaments  subdilated  for  half  their  length  :    pod  twice  longer  than  the  stout  style ; 
cells  6-ovuled.  —  Wats.  1.  c.  2.51.-     Vesicaria  lasiocarpa,  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  under  t.  3464,  the 
name  onlv ;    Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  13,  in  part.  — Near  Kingold  Barracks  on  the  Lower  Rio 
Grande,  Texas,  Capt.  E.  K.  Smith.     (Tamaulipas,  Mex.,  Bertandier,  no.  3101.) 
-i—  4^  Pods  glabrous,  substipitate. 
L.  densiflora,   Watson,  1.  c.     Finely  pubescent  aud  the  stems  somewhat  canescent,  a  foot 
high  or  le.'^s :  'leaves  entire  or  sparingly  repand-denticulate,  o])lauceolatc,  attenuate  to  the 


Lesquerella.  CKrCIFKIi.E.  117 

base :  petals  broadly  spatulate,  2  to  4  liues  long :  lilanieuts  sliglitly  dilatcii  for  a  thinl  of 
their  leugtli :  pods  ascending,  2  liues  in  diameter  ;  tlie  very  nli-ntier  stylo  iw  long  ;  tellj*  6-8- 
ovuled  ;  the  fruiting  raceme  sliort  and  crowded. —  Vesicaria  dvnsijlora,  firay,  I'l.  Liudh. 
pt.  2,  145.  —  Central  Texas. 

§  2.  Lesquerella  proper.  Caucsceiit  with  fine  appressefl  often  compact 
or  lepidote-stellate  pubescence  :  seeds  immarginate  :  filaments  filiform  or  linear- 
subulate,  —  Wats.  1.  c. 

*   Ovary  and  pod  finely  ])ubesceut,  sessile  or  very  nearly  so  ;  cells  2-8-ovuled. 
•»—  Pods  not  globose:  bieiniials  or  perennials  with  simple  stems. 
++  Pods  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  compressed  ;  the  valves  convex  (especially  towanl  the  baAo), 
acute  or  acutish,  erect  on  s])readiug  or  ascending  pedicels:   pubescence  compact  and 
rarely  if  at  all  distinctly  stellate  :  westeru  species. 

Li.  OCCidentalis,  Watson,  1.  c.  Caudex  usually  simple  ;  steins  a  foot  high  or  less  :  lower 
leaves  oblanceolate,  coarsely  sinuate-dentate  ;  the  cauline  spatulate,  entire  :  petals  spatulate, 
about  .3  lines  long  :  pods  oval,  acutish,  3  or  4  lines  long;  the  slender  .style  2  lines  long;  cell.n 
4-ovuled. —  Vcsic.aria  occideida/is,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  .\x.  353.  —  Oregon,  Mitchell  and 
Multuomali  Counties,  Hoirtll,  and  N.  California,  near  Yreka,  Creevc.  Taller  specimens 
from  the  White  Bluffs  of  tlie  Columbia,  Washington  {Branf/pi/ce),  have  broadly  oljovatc 
obtuse  fruit  and  may  be  distinct. 

Li.  TTingii,  Watso.v.  Stems  shorter,  procumbent  or  decumbent:  leaves  entire*;  the  radical 
ovate  on  slender  petioles ;  the  cauline  spatulate :  filaments  filiform  :  pods  on  shorter  pedicels, 
oblong-obovate,  acute,  2  or  3  lines  long ;  the  cells  2-4-ovuled  ;  style  a  line  long.  —  Wats.  1.  c. 
xxiii.  251.  Vesicaria  Kiiigii,  Wats.  1.  c.  xx.  353.1  —  j^  Nevada,  Kaolin  Hills,  Stretch  ;  Eiwt 
and  West  Humboldt  Mountains,  Watson  ;  California,  La.s,scn's  Peak,  L*mmi>ti,  Mrs.  Austin- 

L.  alpina,  Watson.  Dwarf  (1  to  3  inches  high),  usually  ccspitose  and  muUici|)ital ;  stems 
slender  :  leaves  entire,  narrow,  linear  to  linear-oblanceolate :  petals  2  or  3  lines  long,  8[»atu- 
late,  with  the  base  somewhat  broadly  wing-dilated  :  pods  on  straight  or  more  <>r  le.ss  curve<l 
pedicels,  compressed,  oblong-ovate,  acute,  2  lines  long  ;  the  slender  style  about  as  long ;  cells 
2-4-ovuled;  septum  sometimes  perforate. —  Wats.  1.  c.  xxiii.  251.  V'csirnrui  aljiimt,  Nutt. 
in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  102.  V.  Ludovicinna,  Gray,  Proc.  Acad.  Phllad.  1863,  58,  not  DC  — 
Cypress  Hills,  Canada,  Macoun,  to  Colorado  and  Montana.  Specimens  from  Greene  River, 
Wyoming  (Parn/),  have  the  pubescence  more  loosely  stellate  throughout. 

Var.  intermedia,  Watson,  1.  c.  Stems  stouter  (1  to  6  inches  high) :  flowers  larger; 
the  oblong  se])als  2h  to  4  line.,  long  and  the  ])etals  more  narrowly  spatulate :  pods  ovate 
elliptical;  the  cells  4-ovulod  and  the  styles  usually  nearly  as  long. —  Vesicaria  alpimi. 
Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  9. — New  Mexico,  Fendhr,  no.  38;  S.  Colorado,  Pueblo  County,  Greene; 
S.  Utah,  Parrij. 

L.  Arizonica,  Watson.  Dwarf,  cespitose  and  multicii)ital,  1  to  3  inches  high:  loaves  ax 
in  the  prcct'ding  but  the  lower  usually  .•shorter  and  more  broadly  ol)lanceolate :  (lowers  largf. 
often  bright  yellow :  sepals  oidong-ovate,  2  lines  long  or  less:  petals  with  a  broad  wing 
dilated  undulate  claw  scarcely  longer  than  the  roumied  Idade  :  pods  broadly  ovate ;  cells 
4-ovuled;  the  stylo  usually  about  half  as  long. —  Wats.  1.  c.  251.  254.  —  Arizona.  Jupiter 
Mountains,  near  Prescott,  Piilmer ;  near  Williams  Station,  T^muion  ;  Peach  Springs,  Ijemmm, 
Jones ;  Mokiak  Pass,  near  St.  George,  Palmer. 

++  ++  Pods  oldong  or  ovate-oblong,  a*  ute,  not  compressed  or  slightly  so.  erect  on  usually 
divaricate  curved  pedicels:  Rocky  Mountain  s])ecics. 

L.  montana,  Watson,  1.  c.  251.  Pubescence  often  evidently  stellate:  caudex  mn-ly 
branched;  the  stems  less  than  a  foot  long:  leaves  oblanceolate,  or  th«  nwlical  often  .«id>- 
ovatc  on  slender  petioles,  often  with  one  or  two  obscure  teeth :    petals  siwtulate.  3  or  4  lines 


Add  syn.  Vesicaria  montaM,  Brew.  &  Wat-s.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  43;    K.  Brnndcfu-c,  Zoe, 

Physaria  montana,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis. 
And  on  Snow  Mountain,  ncc.  (o  K.  Bnuidc 
.  c.  to  Coville,  Contrib.  II.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  (52. 


Gray.     Physaria  montana,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  249. 

a  And  on  Snow  Mountain,  ncc.  (o  K.  Biandc^'cc,  1.  c;   also  on  'IVIoscoim-  Ti-ak,   I'ananunt  Mu., 


118  CliUClFElt.E.  Ltsquerella. 

long  :  pods  about  3  lines  long,  with  a  long  slender  style ;  the  cells  4-8-ovuled.  —  Yesicaria 
montana,  Gray,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1863,  58.  —  N.  Colorado  and  S.  Wyoming,  near  and  uii 
the  mountains. 

++  4+  ++  Pods  elliptical,  somewhat  obcompressed,  acute   oi-  acutisli,  erect   on   spreading 
pedicels :  pubescence  very  dense  and  compactly  lepidote :  Arizona. 

Li.  ^^ardii,  Watson.  Caudex  simple ;  the  short  stems  procumbent :  radical  leaves  round- 
ovate  on  slender  petioles ;  the  cauline  short,  linear  to  obovate-subulate  :  petals  3  lines  long, 
ligular-spatulate :  filaments  linear-subulate  :  pods  on  short  pedicels  (2  or  3  lines  long),  1|  to 
2i  lines  long ;  the  valves  very  convex  ;  cells  2-4-ovuled ;  septum  oblong ;  style  a  line  long 
or  more ;  seeds  somewliat  turgid  and  irregular ;  the  long  radicle  more  or  less  curved  to  one 
side.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  252,  255.  —  Utah  on  the  Aquarius  Plateau,  at  11,000  feet 
alt.,  L.  F.  Ward. 

L.  cinerea,  Watson,  11.  cc.  Resembling  the  last  closely  in  habit,  more  whitely  canescent, 
and  Uie  cauliue  leaves  mostly  linear-spatulate  :  flowers  larger  :  sepals  narrow,  3  lines  long  : 
petals  4  lines  long  with  a  vexy  broad  undulate  claw,  somewhat  contracted  below  the  rounded 
blade:  pedicels  longer:  ovary  obcompressed  ;  the  cells  12-ovuled  (mature  pod  unknown). — 
Arizona,  Palmer.  Like  tlie  last  abnormal  in  its  obcompre.^scd  pods  and  perhaps  to  be 
transferred  to  Physaria. 

•i—  -1—  Pods  globose  or  nearly  so  and  obtuse  (acutish  in  L.  Ludoviciana ) ;  ceUs  2-6-ovuled. 
++  Annual  or  sometimes  biennial :  southern. 

L.  globosa,  Watson.  Pubescence  dense,  but  evidently  stellate:  .stems  slender,  often 
l)ram  hod,  a  foot  high  or  more :  leaves  entire  or  sparingly  repand-denticulate ;  the  lower 
obloiig-spatuhate ;  the  cauliue  linear-oblanceolate  :  petals  spatulate,  2  or  3  lines  long  :  pods 
on  widely  spreading  pedicels,  a  line  in  diameter,  shorter  than  tlie  style  ;  cells  2-ovuled.  — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  252.  Vesicaria  globosa,  Desv.  Jour.  Bot.  iii.  171  (1814).  V.  SltorfU, 
Torr.  in  Short,  PI.  Ky.  Suppl.  iii.  336;'  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  102;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,  38.— 
Tennessee,  Kentucky,  and  E.  Missouri. 

L.  Berlandieri,  Watson,  1.  c.  Pubescence  often  somewhat  sparse  :  stems  .slender,  simple 
or  branched,  a  foot  high  or  less :  lower  leaves  lyrately  pinnatifid ;  cauline  repandly  toothed, 
ovate-  to  oblong-lauceolate  or  oblanceolate,  pgtiolate :  petals  spatulate,  about  3  lines  long : 
pods  globose  or  ellipsoidal,  1^  to  2i  lines  long,  equalling  the  style;  cells  4-6-ovuled.  —  Vesi- 
raria  Berlandieri,  Gray  in  Wats.  JBibl.  Index,  75,  without  description.  —  Near  Matamoras  on 
tlie  Rio  Grande  and  at  San  Fernando,  Tamaulipas,  Berlandier,  uos.  819,  884.  To  be  confi- 
dently expected  upon  the  Texan  side  of  the  river. 

L.  Palmeri,  Watson.  Pubescence  dense  and  compact:  apparently  biennial,  with  a  stout 
caudex  ;  the  simple  stems  a  foot  long  or  more:  lower  leaves  narrowly  oblanceolato,  repand  ; 
the  cauline  linear-oblaueeolate,  entire  or  sparingly  toothed :  petals  spatulate.  3  lines  long : 
pods  ovate-globo.se  to  broadly  ellipsoidal,  erect  on  spreading  or  ascending  pedicels,  2^  to 
3| lines  long ;  the  style  as  long,  cells  2-4-ovulcd.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  252, 255.  —  Arizona, 
Palmer;  specimens  cult,  at  Washington,  D.  C.  (Topo  Canon,  Lower  Calif.,  Orcult.) 
•H-    ++  Biennial  or  sometimes  perennial :  northern. 

L.  Ludoviciana,  Watson,  1.  c.  252.  Pubescence  evidently  stellate  or  compact  below: 
caudex  very  rarely  multicipital  and  stems  rarely  branched,  a  foot  high  or  less:  leaves 
mostly  narrowly  oblanceolate  to  Ihiear ;  the  radical  frequently  sparingly  toothed  :  petals 
spatulate,  3  or  4  lines  long:  pods  more  or  less  pendulous  ujion  recurved  pedicels,  1|  to  2i 
lines  long,  usually  somewhat  longer  than  broad  and  acutish;  the  style  about  as  long; 
cells  4-6-ovuled. —  Vesicaria  Ludnviciana,  DC.  Sy.^t.  ii.  297;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  101. 
Mi/agrum  arcjenteum,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  434.  Aii;ssvm  Ludoririaniim,  Nutt.  Geu.  ii.  63.  —  W. 
Minnesota  and  Central  Dakota  to  Nebraska  and  N.  E.  Colorado;  N.  Arizona,  Palmer. 

Var.  arenosa,  Watson,  L  c.  Low  (rarely  6  inches  high)  and  very  slender  with 
shorter  narrow  leaves. —  Vesicaria  arenosa,  Ricl^rds.  in  Frankl.  1st  Journ.  ed.  1,  App. 
743  (reprint,  p.  15).  V.  arctica,  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2882.  V.  arctica,  var.,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.- 
Am.  i.  48.  — Saskatchewan  region,  Richardson,  Bourgeau,  Macoun. 
L.  Douglasii,  Watson.  Distinguished  from  tlie  last  by  the  small  obovate  and  very  obtuse 
pod.  witli  ihi'  cells  2-nvuled,  erectjipnn  sprcMiliiiiT  ncdicfls:    lower  loaves  .sometimes  ovate 


Lestjuerella.  CKICI  llllLK.  Il'.l 

upon  a  narrow  petiole. —  Wats.  1.  c.  "25:^,  2.">:).      \',siatriii  Lii'l>ninamt,  H<M.k   ' 
Torr.  IJot.  Wilkes  ICxped.  232. —  Wa.shiii<;ti>n,  on  tlic  Coluniliia  Kivcr,  eimt 
Mountains,  Wilkes,  Lj/all,  Suksfiurf;  in  tin?  Wallowa  Mountain.'*.  K.  <  ini.' 
collected  by  Domjlas,  ))Ut  locality  not  given. 
#  *   Ovary  and  poil    glaln-ous   (or  pubescent  in  L.   (ionlun. 

compressed. 
4-  Pods  oblong  or  pyrifurui,  substijiitate,  on  long  a.scen(ling  pedir<:b):  ArkaiiHiin  anuuiiln. 
Li.  repanda,  Watson,  1.  c.  252.  Pubescence  fiuely  and  for  tlie  most  part  sparingly  scurfy- 
stellate  ;  stems  simple  or  branched,  a  foot  high  :  lower  leaves  somewhat  lyraU>ly  j/innalitid  ; 
the  upper  linear-spatulate,  entire :  jjctals  broadly  spat u late,  3  lines  long:  young  p<Mis  oblong, 
acutish,  .somewhat  narrowed  to  a  very  short  stipe;  the  style  about  a.s  long. —  Vtsuana 
repanda,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  101.  —  Banks  of  the  Red  River,  ArkiUi.sajj. 

L.   Nuttallii,   Watson,   1.   c.     Resembliug  the  la.st,   but  the   radical   leaves  aud  flowem 
unknown:    pods  erect  on  long  spreading  pedicels,  broadly  pyriforin,  soniewliat  coiwtricleJ 
above  the  abrupt  bjuse,  2|  lines  long,  upon  a  short  stipe  ;    the  slender  8t\  le  one  or  two  lines 
long;    cells  6-8-ovuled.—  Vesicuria  Nuttallii,  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  148.  — Prairies  of  the 
Red  River,  Arkansas,  Leavenworth.    Probably  the  fruiting  form  of  the  Lxst. 
H—  4—  Pods  globose :  southwestern  (except  L.  arclicn). 
++   Pods  pendent  on  recurved  pedicels,  sessile  or  scarcely  stipitate ;  cells  2-6-ovuled. 
=  Flowers  white  or  rose-colored. 
L.  purpurea,  Watson,  1.  c.  2.53.     Biennial  or  perennial  with  simple  or  branched  caudex ; 
the  firm  pubescence  scattered  or  on  the  lower  leaves  more  or  less  c<jmpact ;    stems  simple 
or  branched,  often  a  foot  high  or  more:    leaves  oblauceolate ;    the  lower  <jftcn  conrsoly 
repandly  toothed  or  pinnatifid  :    petals  sjjatulate-obovate,  3  to  5  lines  long :    ])od*(  rarely 
ascending,  not  or  scarcely  at  all  stii)itate,  1^  to  3  lines  broad ;   the  style  a  line  long  or  K-ss ; 
cells  2-6-ovuled.—  Vcsiairia  purpurea,  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  14. —From  extreme  W.  Texa.-* 
to  Arizona.     (N.  Mex.)     Specimens  from  Coahuila,  Palmer,  no.  29,  have  a  longer  style. 
L.  pallida,  Watson,  1.  c.     Annual,  finely  aud  rather  sparingly  scurfr-pulrtjscent,  branching, 
a  foot  high :  leaves  oblauceolate,  repandly  toothed :  pod  shortly  stipitate,  2  lines  broad ;  the 
style  about  a  line  long;    cells  6-ovuled.  —  Vesicaria  pallida,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
668.     V.  grand ijlora.  var.  pallida,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  101.  — Prairies  near  San  Augustine. 
E.  Texas,  Leavenworth.      Much  resembling  large  podi led  forms  of  L.  recttnala,  but  leaven 
toothed,  style  somewhat  shorter,  aud  flowers  said  to  lie  white. 
'  =  =  Flowers  yellow. 

L.  recurvata,  Watson,  1.  c.  Annual,  thinly  pubescent;  the  sleuder  stems  often  branched, 
afi.othigh  or  less:  leaves  entire,  oblong-oblanceolate  or  -spatulate,  an  inch  long  or  Ie«»: 
petals  spatulate,  H  to  3  lines  long:  pods  sessile,  1  or  2  lines  broad  ;  the  very  slender  slvle 
about  as  long;  cells  2-4-ovuled. —  Vesicaria  ncurvata,  Kngelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  j>t.  2, 
147.     V.  angustifolia,  Schecle,  Linnica,  xxi.  r}84,  in  part.  —  ( 'entnil  Texa.H. 

•H-   ++   Pods  suberect  upon  a.scending  or  curved  pedicels. 
=  Annual  (rarely  bieunialO,  n>ostly  branched:    pods  often  stipitate:  very  closely  allie<l 
species. 
L.  Lindheimeri,  Watson,  1.  c.      Pubescence  very  fine  or  dcn.-«ely  compact  and  lepidotc : 
stems  a  foot  long:    leaves  oblong-  or  narrow-lanceolate,  uu»rc  or  less  repan<l :    jn-tals  i«|»at- 
ulate-obovate,  3  lines  long:    i)od8  2  lines  long,  on  a  short  stipe;    the  otvle  rather  shorter; 
cells  6-8-ovuled.—  Vesicaria  Lindheimeri,  Gray,  1  c.  145.— Texas.  McMnllen.  Ht-rlandier, 
no.  17<J;  Victoria,  Lindheimer,  no.  327;  Dallas,  lievervhon,  distributed  as  no.  186*. 
L.  gracilis,  Watson,  1.  c.     Pubescence  very  fine,  usually  scanty  :    stem  sl.nd.-r  and  lax. 
branching,  a  foot  high  or  more:    leaves  narrowly  oblancoolate,  entin?  or  sparingly  n«imnd: 
petals  spatulate-obovate,  3  lines  long :  pods  stipitate,  U  or  2  lines  broad  ;  the  style  nearly  ..r 
quite  as  long;  ceUs  4-6-ovule.l.  -  IV.s/cnV,  qraclli,.  Hook.  Bot.  Mar.  under  t.  3464.  S.VV» ; 
Gray,  1.  c.  148.     V.  polyantlui,  Schlecht.  Bot.   Zcit.   xi.  619. —Central  Tex;is  to  Kai.sii.*. 
Montgomery  Co.,  Plank. 


120  CRUCIFEILE.  Lcs,ju,rclla. 

Var.  sessilis,  Watson,  1.  c.  I'ods  sessile.  —  Vesicaria  angustifolia,  Gray,  PI.  Wright, 
ii.  13,  ill  part.  —  Texas,  Frio  Co.,  Wriijht,  no.  848.  Liudiieiiiier's  speiiiiieii  from  New 
Brauiifels,  no.  32G,  in  tiower,  referred  to  V.  am/ustifolia  ( I'l.  Lindli.  ])t.  U,  14;')),  is  jtrohaldy 
the  same. 
L.  Gordoni,  W.vtsox,  1.  c.  Pubescence  somewhat  coarser:  stems  a  foot  iiigh  or  less: 
leaves  linear-olilanceidate,  entire  or  rarely  repand :  petals  spatulate,  3  lines  long:  pods 
stipitate,  2  lines  in  diameter;  the  style  somewhat  shorter;  cells  6-ovuled. —  \'csicaria 
Gonloiii,  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  149.  —  Extreme  W.  Texas  to  New  Mexico  and  iVrizona. 
Very  near  the  last. 

Var.  sessilis,  Watson,  1.  c.  I'ods  sessile  or  nearly  so,  and  often  pubescent.  —  Vesi- 
caria uiif/nsti/'oliii,  (iray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  13,  in  part.  —  With  the  same  range,  and  S.  Utah,i 
Funi/.     Forms  approach  L.  anjip-ea. 

L.  angUStifolid,,  Watson,  1.  c.  Finely  lepidote :  stems  simple  or  branched,  a  foot  high: 
leaves  at  liase  lyrate-jjinuatifid ;  the  cauline  narrowly  linear  and  ])etiolate  ;  petals  spat- 
ulate, 2^  lines  long:  pods  se.ssile  or  on  slender  ascending  or  spreading  pedicels,  2  to  2i  lines 
broad;  the  style  somewhat  shorter;  cells  2-ovuled. —  Vesicaria  angustifolia, 'Unit,  in  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  101.  — Prairies  of  Red  Kiver,  Arkansas,  Leacenwortk,  Nitttall. 
=  =  Biennial  or  usually  perennial  (but  often  fruiting  the  first  year)  ;  pods  sessile  or 
nearly  so  on  ascending  or  spreading  pedicels;  cells  G-10-ovulcd. 

a.  Pubescence  evidently  stellate. 

L.  Engelmanni,  Watson.  Pubescence  dense :  caudex  usually  multici])ital ;  stems  usually 
simple,  often  dwarf,  sometimes  tall  and  branched  :  lower  leaves  ovate  and  petiolate  to  linear- 
oblanceolate,  entire  or  sparingly  repand  ;  the  cauline  linear-oblanceolate  or  -spatulate :  petals 
broadly  sjjatulate,  3  to  6  lines  long :  jjods  usually  in  a  short  raceme,  substipitate,  3  lines 
long;  the  style  as  long  or  longer;  cells  6-8-ovuled.  —  Wats.  1.  c.  254.  Vesicaria  Kvfjelmauni , 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  102,  t.  70,  &  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  144.  V.  pulchella,  Kunth  &  Bouche,  Ind. 
Sem.  Berol.  1845,  1.5,  &  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  xi.  229.  —  Central  Texas,  Austin  and  New 
Brauufels,  Z(«(/Ae('mer,  &c. ;  Indian  Territory,  Gordon;  W.  Kansas,  Ellis,  Z.  Watson;  Col- 
orado, bluffs  of  the  Arkansas  at  Pueblo,  Greene. 

L.  argyrea,  Watson,  1.  c.  Pubescence  more  or  less  dense:  caudex  often  simple  and 
apparently  annual  or  biennial;  the  leafy  stems  decumbent  or  jjrocumbent,  simple  or 
branched,  often  a  foot  long  or  more :  leaves  very  variable,  from  ovate  and  petiolate  to 
usually  more  or  less  narrowly  oblanceolate,  entire  or  often  rejiandly  toothed :  petals  spat- 
ulate, about  3  lines  long,  often  turning  purple :  pods  se.ssile  in  a  long  raceme,  on  straight 
and  ascending  or  spreading  and  curved  jiedicels,  2  to  2i  lines  broad ;  tlie  style  as  long  or 
somewhat  shorter;  cells  6-10-ovuled. —  Vesicaria  argyrea,  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  ])t.  2,  146. — 
S.  W.  Texas,  from  the  Colorado  Kiver  southward.  (Northern  Mex.  to  San  Luis  Potosi.) 
b.  Pubescence  compactly  lepidote,  rarely  evidently  stellate. 

L.  arctica,  Watson,  1.  c.  Caudex  usually  simple  and  stems  unbranched,  6  inches  higli  or 
less :  leaves  spatulate,  3  lines  long :  pods  on  ascending  pedicels,  2\  to  3  lines  long ;  the 
style  a  line  long  or  le.ss ;  cells  6-ovuled  ;  septum  perforate.  —  Vesicaria  arctica,  liicliards.  in 
Frankl.  1st  Journ.  ed.  1,  App.  743  (reprint,  p.  15).  Alyssum  arcticum,  Wormsk.  Fl.  Dan. 
t.  1520. —  West  coast  of  Greenland  and  the  arctic  coast  of  N.  America,  east  of  the 
Mackenzie  Piver. 

Var.  Purshii,  Watson,  1.  c.  Pod  somewhat  jmbesccnt ;  septum  entire. — Anticosti 
Island,  S/iejilierd,  Macoiin ;  "Canada,"  Pursli   (in  herb.  Torrey). 

L.  Fendleri,  Watson,  1.  c.  Usually  evidently  perennial,  with  a  multicipital  caudex,  often 
dwarf;  tlie  simjde  stems  rarely  a  foot  high  :  leaves  numerous,  entire,  mostly  very  narrowly 
linear-oblanceolate,  in  the  typical  form  somewhat  wider :  ])etals  broadly  spatulate,  3  to  5 
lines  long;  pods  in  a  dense  and  usually  sliort  raceme,  2  or  3  lines  Ijroad,  sometimes  ellip- 
soidal and  acutish;  the  style  as  long  or  a  little  shorter;  cells  10-1 6-ovuled. —  Vesicaria 
Fendleri,  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.'g.  V.  stenophi/lla.  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  149,  Vl.  Wright,  i.  10, 
&  ii.  13.  —  S.  Colorado  to  W.  Texas,  Arizona  2    (N.  Mex.) 

1  Also  in  Vegas  Wash,  S.  W.  Nevada,  ace.  to  Coville,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Hcrl).  iv.  62. 

2  Also  in  California  at  San  Pedro  Martir,  ace.  to  T.  S.  Brandegee,  Zou,  iv.  202. 


Synthtipsis.  CRrCIFKIMO.  |  •_' ] 

8.  PHYSARIA,  Gray.  (Xaino  from  (pvrrdinoi',  a  dimiiiutivo  of  «/!>ro-u.  a 
pair  (tl  hclluw.s,  .suygcsti'cl  by  the  didyinous  fruit  and  siciid.r  stylt;.  Tin.*  iiamo 
first  ai){)lied  by  Nuttull  in  Torr.  &  (Iray,  l-'l.  i.  Kfi,  as  a  sertioiial  di-signatidu 
in  the  genus  Vesicaria.)  —  A  small  genus  witli  the  wiiole  aspect  of  Lrsifuvnlln, 
but  to  be  distinguished  by  its  strongly  didynious  fruit  with  a  narrow  partitinn. 
Perennials,  many-gteninicd  and  spreading.  —  (Jiii.  111.  i.  KrJ;  Wats.  Prm-.  Am. 
Acad.  xvii.  363;  Prantl  in  Engl,  ct  l*ranll,  Nat.  I'llanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  2,  IH?. — 
Species  with  excellent  characters  in  the  fruit,  l)ut  otherwise  very  dillicult  to 
distinguish.      [By  B.  L.  RoHlNSON.] 

*   Fruit  at  maturity  uiucli  iuliated  :  upper  sinus  :uuto,  usually  narrnw. 

P.  didymocarpa,  Gray,  1.  c.  Very  canesceut  ami  Iciiulolo  with  close  white  stellate  ])u)>et(- 
ceuee:  radical  leaves  petiolate,  with  roundish  tootheil  au>i;led  or  entire  lihide  or  olilaneeolaie 
and  moro  or  less  sinuately  toothed  helow  :  cauliue  loaves  mostly  entire,  spaiidate  :  racemes 
dense;  pedicels  becoming  6  or  7  lines  long,  ascending  or  spreading  :  llowers  variable  a-s  to 
size:  sepals  lanceolate,  surpassed  by  the  rather  narrow  pale  yellow  petals:  fruit  strongly 
didymous,  rather  deeply  notched  above,  entire  or  more  or  less  cordate  at  biuso,  U-coming 
6  or  8  lines  in  breadth ;  lobes  subglobose  with  no  demarcation  between  the  dorsal  and 
lateral  surfaces;  walls  pa])cry. — Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  2o,  &  I'roc.  .\m.  .\cad.  xvii.  ;}fi.'{. 
Vesicaria  didymocarpa,  Hook.  Fl.  13or.-Am.  i.  49,  t.  16;  Torr.  &  Cr.ay,  Fl.  i.  IOl'.  — 'Ihe  com- 
monest species  and  rather  variable;  Colorado  to  N.  Nevada  an<l  Oregon,  northward  to  Hrit. 
America,  chiefly  in  mountainous  regions.  A  noteworthy  form  fnjm  Middle  I'.irk,  ('olura4lo, 
Pamj,  has  a  laxer  inflorescence  and  fruit  divided  almost  to  the  base. 

P.  Ne"wberryi,  Gr.vy.  Very  similar  in  habit  and  foliage:  flowers  nnwtly  larger:  ]K'UtU 
sometimes  8  lines  in  length,  usually  narrow:  cells  of  the  fruit  provided  wi;h  two  angles  or 
keels  rather  sharply  separating  the  convex  di)rsal  portion  from  the  tlattish  lateral  jMirtion.s; 
walls  firmer  in  texture  tlian  in  the  preceding,  .and  in  drying  tending  to  fold  regularly  along 
the  keels.  —  Hot.  Ives  Rep.  6,  &  Am.  .Tour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  24.'5 ;  Wats.  I'roc.  .\m.  Acad, 
xvii.  363.  —  Mountain  valleys,  New  Mexico  near  Tegua,  Xrirhcrri/,  Ft.  Wingate,  Matthews  ; 
Arizona,  on  Cave  Dwellers'  Mountain,  Lc.mmon ;  S.  Utah,  Parrif ;  Nevada,  Pahrauagat 
Mts.,  Miss  Searle,  and  Mountain  Sjjring,  Baileij. 

#   #   Fruit  strongly  conii)ressed  laterally,  only  moderately  or  scarcely  at  all  intlated  :  sinus 
at  the  apex  of  tlie  fruit  shallow,  rounded  :  species  of  Oregon  and  Washington. 

P.  Geyeri,  CrKAY.  Wliitish  with  very  dense  stellate  tomentum :  radical  leaves  with  sliort 
broadly  ovate  entire  obtusely -pointed  blades  narrowed  behjw  to  long  ehaiuielled  petioles; 
cauliue  leaves  small,  spatulate:  racemes  rather  dense,  an  inch  or  two  long:  pedicels  spread- 
ing or  curved-ascending,  3  lines  long:  fruit  small  for  the  genus,  bro.adly  ami  sliallowly 
obcordate,  narrowed  toward  the  base;  cells  but  2Mo  3.^  lines  long  at  ilehi.scence ;  re|ihim 
ovate,  much  exceeded  by  the  persistent  style.  —  Gen.  111.  i.  162;  Torr.  Rot.  Wilkes  F.ximmI. 
232;  Wats.  1.  c.  Vesicaria  Gcf/eri,  Hook.  Loud.  .Tour.  Rot.  vi.  70,  t.  .5. —  Sandy  soils  mid 
volcanic  ash ;  Upper  Spokane  Valley,  ^c//er;  on  prairies  between  the  S|>ok;uie  lliver  and 
Ft.  Colville,  Wilkes,  and  on  Spokane  River,  Henderson. 

P.  Oregona,  Watsox,  1.  c.  Leaves  larger,  canesceut,  not  so  white  as  in  the  preceding: 
pedicels  mostly  curved-ascending,  G  lines  or  more  in  length  :  seji.ils  ovate-Ianceohifo  to  lanci»- 
oblong,  2i  lines  in  length,  consider.ably  exceeded  by.  the  pale  yellowish  petals,  rapsnli' 
becoming  6  to  8  lines  broad,  rounded  or  very  ,shallowly  cordate  at  ba.se ;  ells  somi-what 
inflated  but  dorsally  narrowed  to  a  more  f>r  less  distinct  keel;  style  scarcely  a  line  in 
length.  —  Oregon,  gulches  near  niontli  of  Pine  Creek  :ind  upi«n  gnivelly  banks  of  Snake 
River  below  Brownlce  Ferry,  Cusic/,- ;  II.  Ajnil.  fr.  .hnie. 

9.  SYNTHLiPSIS.  Gray.  (Sri^Aiii'i?,  compression,  in  reference  to  tlic 
flattened  fruit.)  —  A  small  genus  of  sjjreading  grayish-pubescent  herbs  of  rhc 
Southwest,  nearly  related  on  the  one  hand  to  Li/rtinir/iii  :ind  <>n  the  oiIht  to 
Lesquerella.     Stems  leafy:   leaves  sinuate-tootiied  or  pinnatilid.     Hacemes  lax. 


122  CRUCIFER.E  Si/nUdipsis. 

—  PL  Fendl.   IIG,  &  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  34;    Baill.  Hist.  PI.  iii.   2S2  ;    Prantl, 
1.  c.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

S.  Greggii,  <iRay,  U.  cc.  Canescent-tomentose,  rarely  sinootliish  :  root  single :  stems  sev- 
enil,  slender,  elongated,  spreading,  simple  or  branched  ;  leaves  ovate,  few-toothed,  slender- 
petioled  or  subsessile  by  a  narrowed  base :  racemes  in  fruit  6  inches  or  more  in  length ; 
pedicels  3  to  4  lines  long,  widely  spreading  but  commonly  somewhat  ascending:  sepals 
narrow,  linear,  spreading  in  anthesis:  petals  roseate  or  white,  4  lines  long,  with  a  broad 
rounded  blade :  capsules  suberect,  broadly  oblong,  wing-appeudaged  and  obcordate  at  sum- 
mit, rounded  or  subcordate  at  base,  5  lines  long,  two  thirds  as  broad.  —  Wats.  1.  c.  322 ; 
Coulter,  Coutrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  21.  —  Collected  several  times  upon  the  Mexican  side  of 
the  Lower  Rio  Grande,  Berlandier,  and  doubtless  extending  into  Southwestern  Texas. 
{Ouahuila,  Gregy,  Palmer  ;  San  Luis  Potosi,  Schaffner,  Parry  &  Palmer,  Primjle.) 

S.  Berlandieri,  Gray.  Spreading  habit  of  the  preceding,  finely  stellate-pubescent :  leaves 
more  deeply  sinuate-toothed  or  sh,allo^^  ly  pinnatifid :  pedicels  longer  and  usually  recurved, 
6  to  8  lines  in  length :  flowers  yellowish  or  purplish,  probabh'  changing  color  with  age : 
fruit  orbicular,  3  lines  in  diameter,  neither  wing-appendaged  nor  notched,  commonly 
deflexed.  —  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  34;  Walp.  Ann.  vii.  171.  S.  heUrochroma,  Wats.  1.  c.  321,  ap- 
pears insufficiently  separated.  —  Similar  situations  as  the  last,  S.  W.  Texas,  Neallei/,  Heller. 
Passing  into  var.  HfspiDA,  Wa»«i.  1.  c,  with  stem  more  or  less  hirsute  with  simple  hairs, 
which  partiaDy  replace  the  stellate  tomeutum.  —  Laredo,  Texas,  Berlandier.  (Mexico, 
Palmer.) 

10.  LYROCARPA,  Hook.  &  Harv.  (Kvpa,  a  lyre,  and  Kapiro?,  fruit.)  — 
Erect  annual  or  perennial  herbs  with  fine  stellate  pubescence.  Leaves  toothed 
or  runcinately  pinnatifid  :  sepals  long  and  narrow,  linear-oblong :  capsule  broadly 
obcordate  or  with  rounded  ear-like  appendages  on  each  side  of  the  subtruncate 
end.  — Lond.  Jour.  Bot.  iv.  76,  t.  4;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  93.  [By  B.  L- 
Robinson.] 

Lr.  CoTolteri,  Hook.  &  Hakv.  1.  c.  Distinctly  perennial:  stems  several,  1^  to  2  feet  high, 
sparingly  l)ranched :  leaves  lyrately  pinnatifid,  1  to  2  inches  long,  ])etioled ;  terminal 
segment  triangular  or  5-lobed,  acute,  much  exceeding  the  (sometimes  obsolete)  lower  seg- 
ments :  flowers  8  to  10  lines  broad,  in  a  loose  raceme,  sweet-scented:  pedicels  spreading, 
shorter  than  the  slender  calyx  :  blades  of  the  petals  linear  or  lance-linear,  attenuate :  capsule 
oblong,  8  lines  in  length,  conspicuously  bi-auriculate  above.  —  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i. 
44;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxiv.  39;  Braudegee,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  ii.  127. — 
Ascribed  to  California  from  Dr.  Thomas  Coulter's  original  specimens  so  labelled,  but  with- 
out exact  locality,  and  perhaps  from  Lower  California,  where  the  sjjecies  is  not  infrequent. 
Also  collected  near  the  soutliern  boundary  of  Arizona,  Pringle.  Flowers  said  to  be  sweet- 
scented  in  the  evening  and  of  ochroleucous  color.  (Sonora,  Lower  Calif.) 
L.   PXlmeri,  Watson  (Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  123),. from  Tantillas  Mountains,  but  a  few 

miles  south  of  the  Californian  boundary,  may  be  expected  iu  the  southern  part  of  that  State, 

and  can  be  readily  recognized  by  its  broadly  obovate  obcordate  pods  only  3  or  4  lines  in  length. 

Still  a  third  species,  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  with  much  broader  bright  purple  petals,  has  been 

recently  added  to  the  genus. 

11.  DITRi^REA,  Harv.  (At's,  two  or  double,  and  ^vpeo?,  sliield;  the 
name  intended  as  a  Greek  equivalent  of  Biscutella,  a  Mediterranean  genus  of 
similar  aspect.)  —  A  small  genus  of  cinereous-tomentose'plants  of  the  Southwest, 
hal)itally  and  in  fruit  considerably  resembling  Biscutella,  but  differing  markedly 
in  their  sessile  or  subsessile  stigmas  and  dense  stellate  pubescence,  as  well  as  in 
widely  different  geographic  position,  —  Harv.  in  _Hook.  Lond.  .Tour.  Bot.  iv.  77, 
t.  5;    Prantl  in  End.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Ptianzenf.  iii.  Ab.  2,  187.     Under  Biscu- 


TIdaspi.  CRUCIFEILE. 

tella,  Beiith.  &  Hook.  Geu.  i.  'Jl  ;    llivw.  ct  W:its.  IJot.  Calif,  i.   IS.      rUv  IJ.  L. 

ROKINSON.J 

D.  Californica,  Hakv.  1.  c.  SpreailinK  aiimial,  usually  liraii<hliiK  from  the  baw«,  4  iuchen 
to  a  foot  in  height:  leaves  tliickish,  oviite  or  almost  oriiicuhir,  «'uarHely  ami  uiitiuM-lv  few- 
toothed  or  subeiitire ;  the  radieal  narrowed  lielow  to  Hlemler  petioh-s ;  lh«'  cauline  nearly 
sessile,  somewhat  euneate  at  base  :  racemes  very  dense,  often  hramhed ;  jK-dieels  sc-artely  a 
line  in  length :  stellate-tomentose  sej)als  erect  in  antliesis,  acutisli,  aUmt  3  lineH  long, 
much  exceeded  by  tlie  spreading  white  or  purplish  jietals :  fruit  notched  iMJth  al>ove  and 
below;  lobes  suborbicular,  margined,  tomentose  at  the  edge,  ^^  lines  or  more  in  diameter.  — 
Eugelm.  iu  Wisliz.  Tour  N.  Mex.  96;  Gray,  1*1.  Wright,  ii.  U.  liiscuhlla  Califomim, 
Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  —  Saudy  soil,  S.  California,  Tk.  Coulter,  Parry  &  Palmer;  Whito 
Water,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Calif.,  Parish,  Jones ;  Lincoln  Co.,  Nev.,  Coville  &  Funslon. 
(Lower  Calif.,  Or.utt.) 

Var.  maritima,  Davidson,  in  litt.  Leaves  thicker,  distinctly  fleshy,  more  densi'ly 
canescent-tomentose  :  infloresceneo  very  dense ;  pedicels  "  dark  pur])lo."  —  liisculil/a  ( 'uli- 
Jhniicu,  var.  mtirUima,  Davidson,  Erythea,  ii.  179.  —  Hand  dunes  of  coast,  Los  Angeled  Co., 
Calif.,  Monica,  Lijon;  Eedoudo,  Miss  Merrill.  * 

D.  "Wislizeni,  Engelm.  1.  c.  95.  Erect,  subsimple  or  occ^isioually  Itranching  from  U-low 
and  somewhat  spreading,  1  to  2  feet  high,  becoming  rather  stout :  leaves  crowded,  lanceolate 
or  ovate-lanceolate  to  linear-oblong,  narrowed  to  a  slender  and  often  distinctly  petiolate 
base;  the  upper  sessile :  racemes  elongated,  loose ;  divaricate  or  a.scending  pedicels  4  to  8 
lines  iu  length :  petals  white :  fruit  notched  below,  but  more  frequently  shorl-l)eaked  above, 
or  if  notched  very  shallowly  so.  — Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  10,  ii.  14,  &  I'l.  Thnrb.  299 ;  a* 
Dilhi/raa,  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  1.50,  &  PI.  Fendl.  116;  Torr.  in  Marcy,  Rep.  280,  t.  2; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  ii.  1.59.  Iberis,  n.  sp.,  Torr.  Auu.  Lye.  X.  Y.  ii.  166.  Bincntella 
Wislizeni,  Brew.  &  Wat.s.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  48;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  ii.  21. —  Com- 
mon ou  sandy  hills,  Arkansas  and  Texas  to  Arizona  and  S.  Utah;  tl.  Ajtril  to  Augu.^t. 
(Mex.,  Prinijlc.) 

12.  THLiASPI,  L.  (0Xav,  to  crush,  iu  reference  to  the  pods  and  seeds, 
which  are  strongly  flattened  as  if  crushed.)  —  A  genus  of  moderate  size,  cliiefl y 
of  S.  Europe  and  Central  Asia ;  glabrous  annuals  or  perennials  with  undividt'd 
sessile  and  often  amplexicaul  leaves.  Flowers  white  or  purplish.  —  (ieu.  no. 
530;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  17.5 ;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  t.  a ;  Pruntl,  I.e.  1  GO. 
[By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

*  Capsiiles  large,  orbicular  or  nearly  so,  broadly  winged,  very  strongly  obcompressed ;  sidca 
nerved  but  not  keeled ;  apex  deeply  notched :  introduced  annual. 

T.  ARVExsE,  L.  (Penny  Cress.)  A  span  to  a  foot  high,  decnml)ent  or  erect,  simple  "r 
considerably  branched  above :  leaves  obtusely  and  rather  remotely  toothe<l  or  angled  ;  the 
lower  spatulate;  the  upper  oblong,  obtuse:  Howers  small :  sejjals  greenish,  a  line  in  length, 
exceeded  ■l)y  the  spatulate  white  petals.  —  Spec,  ii,  646;  Eng.  Bot.  t.  16.59;  Pursh,  Fl  ii. 
435;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  58. — Streets  of  cities,  about  dwellings,  etc.,  generally  dis- 
tributed and  locally  common  in  the  northern  and  eastern  parts  of  the  United  Stsites  an<l 
Canada,  most  copious,  however,  in  Manitoba  and  adjacent  Minnesota,  where  it  bears  the 
name  of  "French  Weed."     (Xat.  from  Eu.) 

*  *  Capsules  obovate  or  oblanceolate,  not  broa4]ly  winged,  nor  so  strongly  obcompres.-^Hl, 
sides  more  or  less  distinctly  keeled;  aj)ex  until  dehiscence  entire  or  very  shallowly 
notched  :  indigenous  species  of  the  West  and  Southwest. 

T.  alpestre,  L.  Perennial,  quite  simple  or  more  commonly  branched  from  the  l>a.«e,  2  to  8 
inches,  rarely  a  foot  or  more  high  :  rootstock  slender,  elongated  :  leaves  small,  sulicntinj  or 
finely  toothed;  the  radieal  oliovate  or  oval,  roimded  at  the  api-x,  n.irn.we*!  to  Hlomier 
petioles:    th6  cauline  ov!ite  or  oblong,  3  to  8  lines   b'  '  '  ''<" 

ba.ses  :  racemes  simple,  termiiuil,  rather  dense ;  pedii<  ,  -': 

sei,;iU    i,nrnll-,h     I  IniMiMi-LMU.',!  :     prtals   white    or    J>ab     ;  "le 


124  CRUCIFERJ^.  Thlaspl 

obovate,  obtuse,  truncate,  or  shallowly  retuse  at  tlie  apex,  cuueate  at  the  base,  becomiug  4 
lines  long  and  2^  lines  broad,  tipped  with  a  slender  persistent  style.  —  Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  903 ; 
DC.  Syst.  ii.  380 ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  58 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  114.  T.  montunum.  Hook. 
1.  c. ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  113;  not  L.  T.  cochleurifonne,  DC.  «yst.  ii.  381 ;  Torr.  &  Gray, 
1.  c.  T.  Fendlen,  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  14;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  34.  —  Conimcin 
tliroughuut  the  West,  especially  in  hilly  and  mountainous  regions,  Montana  to  New  Mexico 
and  westward  to  the  Pacific.  (Mex.,  Pringle.)  Somewhat  variable  but  neither  divisible 
into  good  species  nor  satisfactorily  separable  from  tlie  Old  World  form  of  the  species. 
T.  Calif  ornicum,  Watson.  Similar  in  stature  and  habit  to  the  preceding :  radical  leaves 
oblauceolate,  toothed :  racemes  more  elongated,  less  densely  flowered  :  petals  white  :  fruit- 
ing pedicels  ascending :  capsules  oblauceolate,  acute  or  acutish  at  the  apex,  5  lines  long, 
2  liues  broad  :  sides  strongly  carinate  ;  slender  style  persistent.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii. 
365.  —  Kneeland  Prairie,  Humboldt  Co.,  Calif.,  2,500  feet  alt..  Rattan. 

13.  LEPIDIUM,  Tourn.  Peppergrass.  (AcTrtStov,  a  little  scale,  in  refer- 
ence to  the  small  flat  pods  from  the  scale-like  appearance  of  wliich,  it  is  said, 
some  species  have  been  used,  according  to  the  doctrine  of  signatures,  as  a  folk- 
remedy  for  cutaneous  diseases.)  —  A  genus  of  considerable  size,  widely  dis- 
tributed in  temperate  and  warmer  regions  of  the  world,  seldom  if  ever  truly 
alpine  or  arctic.  Flowers  small,  often  considerably  reduced  by  abortion.  Plants 
of  little  or  no  beauty,  possessing,  however,  a  characteristic  habit  from  their 
copious  erect  or  ascending  regular  and  usually  rather  dense  ebracteate  fruiting 
racemes,  with  equal  slender  generally  divaricate  pedicels.  Foliage,  pubescence, 
and  duration  very  variable.  Most  species  are  slender  annuals  or  subsucculent 
biennials,  several  being  used  as  salad  plants  ;  a  few  are  perennials  or  even  suf- 
fruticose.  The  fruit,  sometimes  collected  as  food  for  birds,  has  given  the  com- 
moner species  the  name  "  Canary -grass  "  in  some  regions.  —  Inst.  215,  t.  JOS; 
L.  Gen.  no.  527;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  527,  &  Prodr,  i.  203:  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ, 
ii.  t.  y,  10;  Gray,  Gen.  III.  i.  167,  t.  73.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

§  1.  Style  slender,  sometimes  rather  short  but  distinctly  developed  and 
persistent. 

*  Capsule  ovate,  cordate,  more  or  less  pointed  at  the  apex,  neither  winged  nor  retuse ; 
valves  strongly  convex. —  Cardaria,  Desv.  Journ.  Bot.  iii.  163  (1814).  Lepiditun  §  Car- 
daria,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  528.  —  A  coarse  introduced  perennial. 

Li.  Draba,  L.  Pubescent  or  somewhat  tomentulose:  stems  decumbent,  10  to  15  inches 
high,  corymbosely  brancliod :  leaves  large,  elliptic-obovate  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  2  to  3 
inches  long,  obtuse,  denticulate  and  narrowed  below  to  an  auriculate  base:  flowers  white: 
pods  broader  tliau  long,  shallowly  cordate  with  rounded  more  or  less  inflated  lobes ;  valves 
1 -nerved  but  furrowed  not  keeled  in  the  middle.  —  Spec.  ii.  645;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  74; 
Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  275 ;  Eastwood,  Zoe,  ii.  228.  —  Sparingly  adventive  in  waste  places 
and  cultivated  grounds  in  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States ;  Grand  Junction,  Colorado,  ace.  to 
Miss  Eastwood ;  Yreka  and  Berkeley,  Calif.,  Greene.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

*  *  Capsule  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base,  more  or  less  pointed  at  tlie  ajiex,  neither  winged 
nor  retuse;  valves  not  convex  but  somew^iat  keeled  :  native  species  of  the  West. 

L.  Jaredi,  Brandegee.  A  slender  glaucous  pubescent  annual,  4  to  8  inches  high,  with 
narrow  lanceolate  entire  or  somewhat  toothed  leaves  and  branched  rather  loose  inflores- 
cence; pedicels  filiform,  5  lines  in  length:  flowers  yellow,  a  little  over  a  line  in  lengtli : 
capsule  glabrous,  not  retu.»*e  until  by.  incipient  dehiscence.  —  Zoe,  iv.  398.  — California,  near 
Goodwin,  San  Luis  Obispo  County,  Jared ;  near  Hiverdale,  Fresno  County,  A.  Eaton. 

Li.  nanum,  Watsox.  A  compact  cespitose  perennial:  leaves  A^ery  small,  .spatulate,  3-lobe<I 
at  tlie  apex,  ciliate,  densely  clustered  upon  a  multicipital  caudex :  stems  a  third  to  half 
inch  high,  l-5-flowered :  capsule  glabrous,  about  a  line  in  lengtli.  —  Bot.  King  Exp.  30,  t.  4, 


Lepidium.  CRUCIFER.E.  1  'J  '■. 

I.  5-7.  — N.  Nevada,  Holmes  Creek  V' alloy,  fi.OOO  feet  alt.,  WaUon,SLTn\  near  Ilallmk  Suuioii. 
Wheeler  ;  Ir.  Scptenil)er.    A  species  very  distiiiet  in  its  matted  liahit ;  the  flowers  still  iinkuoHii. 

*   #   Capsule  orbicular,  broadly  elliptic  <>r  rarely  «ivatc,  abrupt  or  relusf  at  the  aj»ex. 
•*-  Capsule  wiugless  or  iucoiispieuously  wiuged  at  tins  apex,  not e.xieediiif;  2  linen  in  breadth. 
++   Flowci-s  bright  yellow:    style  vi-ry  slender   and    relatively  long    (half   the   length  of 
capsule). 

L.  flavum,  Tork.  A  glabrous  prostrate  annual,  branched  from  the  biise :  leaves  Innceulutc 
or  oblong-lanceolate  in  outline,  .slightly  fle.sliy ;  the  radical  rosulate,  regularly  jiinnatitid 
with  short  rounded  loi>es  and  narrow  acute  sinu.ses;  the  canline  less  toothed  :  racenx*  short 
and  dense,  sulicapitate,  somewhat  curymbosoly  arranged  in  robust  individuals:  uajinulo 
glabrous,  finely  reticulated,  bifid  at  the  apex  ;  teeth  acute;  sinus  open.  —  I'acif.  1{.  Hep.  iv. 
67;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  .50;  Coville,  Contrii).  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  65. —California, 
Mohave  Creek,  Fri'iiwnt,  Uiyelow ;  Mtdiavc  Desert,  Parn/,  Mrs.  Hush;  Ash  MeadowH, 
Vegas  A''allcy,  aud  Shepherd  Canon,  Coville  &  Fuustoii ;  N.  Neva<la,  lluml>oldt  N'alley, 
Wutson,  Humboldt  Wells,  Creene ;  fl.  March,  April;  fr.  May.  (Lower  Ciilif.,  Onntt.) 
++   ++  Flowers  white  or  nearly  so. 

L.  alyssoides,  Okay.  Smooth:  stems  1-sevcral,  erect,  leafy,  corymbosely  branehed 
above:  uj.per  leaves  entire,  narrow,  long-linear,  acute,  ascemliug;  the  lower  similar  or 
piuuately  divided  into  a  few  usually  rather  narrow  acutish  entire  or  cleft  segments! :  jK-dicels 
about  3  lines  long:  sepals  short,  oval,  usually  caducous,  much  exceeded  by  the  more  jK-r. 
sistent  long  and  slender-clawed  petals:  capsule  rhombic-ovate. —  PI.  Fendl.  10,  I'l.  Wright, 
i.  10,  &  ii.  15;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  29.  L.  monlanum,  var.  ali/ssoidis,  Jones,  Zoo,  iv.  2ti6. 
—  riains  aud  mountain  valleys,  W.  Texas  to  Arizona,  northward  to  Colorado,  Porter,  and 
Trinity  Mountains,  Nevada,  Watson. 

L.  montanum,  Nutt.  Probably  biennial,  low  ami  branched  from  near  the  l«kHe  or  less 
frc(iueutly  with  a  single  erect  stem  branching  above,  minutely  j)ulvernlcnt  to  rather  densely 
hirsute:  leaves  even  the  upper  ones  more  or  less  dccj)ly  toothed  or  piunatifid  (very  rarely 
entire) ;  segments  ovate  to  oblong-elliptic  or  very  rarely  linear:  sepals  not  falling  Injfore  the 
petals :  capsule  ovate-elliptic  to  suborbicular.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &,  Gray,  Fl.  i.  i  16,  669  ;  Gray, 
I'l.  Wright,  ii.  15;  Torr.  Pacif.  K.  Rep.  vii.  8;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  29.  L.  cori/mlxtsiiin, 
Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  323.  L.  Utahviense,  Kegel,  Act.  Ilort.  Petroj).  i.  02. — In  .similar 
places  as  the  last,  with  which  it  may  occasionally  intergrade  ;  the  majority  of  forms,  of  the 
two,  however,  are  too  distinct  to  be  united.  The  southern  range  is  similar  to  that  of  the 
last,  but  westward  and  northward  the  present  species  extends  to  California  and  X.  Idah«», 
SjiuldnKj. 

L.  SCOpulorum,  Jones,  in  herb.  I*erennial,  becoming  suffruticose  at  the  biise,  irregularly 
branched,  quite  glabrous :  leaves  subcoriaceous ;  the  lower  ones  obovate  or  oblanceolate  in 
outline,  toothed  or  rather  deeply  parted  into  broad  obtuse  segments  and  narrowed  at  the 
base  into  more  or  less  elongated  petioles;  the  upper  leaves  narrower,  .se.ssile,  commonly 
with  a  few  spreading  teeth  near  the  apex :  racemes  usually  numerous,  rather  dense ;  pe<lioels 
2i  to  3  lines  long:  petals  white,  conspicuous,  much  exceeding  the  sepals;  blade  sulMirliic- 
ular;  claw  slender:  stamens  G  :  capsule  broadly  ovate,  smnewhat  narrowed  to  the  slightly 
retuse  apex,  glabrous,  \\  lines  long;  sides  with  low  keels.  —  /.,  vioutanum,  vnr.  al/iinum, 
Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  29.  L.  inteijr! folium,  var.  he.trrophiillnm,  Wats.  Am.  Nat.  ix.  268. 
L.  heterophiiUum,  Jones,  Zoe,  iii.  284,  not  Benth.  —  Rocky  cliffs  of  mountains,  at  m<Klerate 
altitudes,  Utah,  Wasatch  Mountains,  Watson,  Jones,  and  near  Cedar  City,  Parry.  Certainly 
a  distinct  species. 

Var.  spatulatum,  RomssoN,  n.  var.  More  decidedly  fruticn.se:  leaves  spatulate. 
quite  entire  except  at  the  subti;uncate  ami  obscurely  3-toothed  .ajwx  :  style  very  short. — 
L.  sprit td«f urn,  Vasey,  in  herb.  —  Headwaters  of  the  Bear  Uiver,  Colonulo,  KoMf,  BO.  51, 
September,  1868. 

L.  integrif  Olium,  Nitt.    Herbaceous,  glabrous  or  pul>erulent,  probably  liienninl.  branched 
from  the  base,  7  to  15  inches  high :    root  single,  stout,  conunonly  more  than  half  inch  in 
diameter:    leaves  oblong,  oblanceolate.  or  spatulate,  acute  or  apicniate.  thicki'i-     i    •■■   ^ 
inches  long,   2^   to  3i    lines    broad,   entire:    racemes  singh',   terminal   or   mor- 
several,  1  to  2  inches'long:    pedicels  .sprea<ling,  3   to  4   linos  long :    |K-lal»  ob... 


126  CRUCIFEKiE.  Lepidiaiu. 

about  twice  the  length  of  the  sepals,  indistinctly  and  broadly  clawed,  deciduous  with  the 
sepals:  stamens  2:  capsules  ovate-oblong,  1^  lines  long,  barely  retuse,  inconspicuously 
reticulated  when  quite  ripe.  —  Nutt.  in  lorr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  116;  Hook.  Lond.  Jour.  Eot.  vi. 
71.  L.  Utahense,  Jouos,  Bull.  Torr.  Clul),  viii.  70,  &  Zoe,  iv.  2GC,  is  exactly  the  same. — 
Kocky  Mountains  of  Wyoming,  Li'ttennan,  westward  to  Utah,  Ward,  Jones ,-  S.  E.  Wash- 
ington, Xuttali,  and  the  Muddy  River  on  the  Upper  Missouri,  Gei/er,  ace.  to  Hooker.  A 
verv  characteristic  species,  distinguished  by  its  thick  root,  relatively  broad-clawed  petals, 
and  reduced  stamens. 

^_   4_   Capsule  ovate  or  ovate-oMoug,  distinctly  winged  at  the  retuse  or  bifid  ajjox,  seldom 
exceeding  2  lines  in  breadtii :  annuals,  introduced  from  the  Old  World. 

L.  SATIVUM,  L.  (Garden  Crkss.)  Krect,  ghil)rous :  brandies  ascending:  leaves  cleft  nearly 
to  the  rhachis;  segments  few,  oblanceolate  or  linear,  entire  or  obtusely  toothed  or  lobed 
toward  the  apex :  racemes  elongated  ;  pedicels  erect  or  nearly  so,  shorter  than  the  cajjsules ; 
style  included  in  tiie  narrow  sinus  between  tlie  tliin  erect  obtuse  lobes  of  the  pod.  —  Spec. 
ii.644;  Porter  in  Hayden,  Rep.  1870,  473,  &  Fl.  Col.  10;  Coulter  in  Ilayden,  Rep.  1872, 
7(31. —  Sparingly  iuti'oduced  about  dwellings  in  Brit.  America  from  Gaspe  to  Vancouver, 
Macoun  ;  and  iu  the  Northern  States  aci'oss  the  continent,  but  infrequent.     (Introd.  from  Eu.) 

L.  CAMFESTiiE,  R.  Br.  (Cow  Cress.)  Erect,  pubescent :  stem  simple  and  very  leafy  up  to 
the  inflorescence:  leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  denticulate,  erect;  the  lower  ones  narrowed  to 
slender  petioles ;  the  upper  sessile  by  a  sagittate-clasping  base :  pedicels  horizontally  spread- 
ing, a  little  shorter  than  the  thickish  papillose  capsule :  petals  white :  anthers  yellow  :  style 
slightly  cxserted  from  the  narrow  notch. — R.  Br.  in  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iv.  88;  Beck,  Bot. 
27;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  115;  Lockwood,  Bot.  Gaz.  v.  14;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man. 
ed.  6,  73. — Becomiug  locally  common  in  cultivated  ground,  Cape  Breton  and  S.  Canada, 
Macoun,  to  Virginia,  not  infrequent  in  the  interior;  also  near  Waldo,  Oregon,  liattan ;  fl. 
Mav,  June.  (Nat.  from  Eu.)  The  subspecies  L  SMfrinx,  Hook.,  witli  smoother  pod  and 
purple  anthers,  has  been  collected  at  Milton,  Mass.,  Dr.  Kennedy,  but  the  differences  do 
not  appear  significant.  Yellow-anthered  individuals  with  smoothish  pods  are  not  infrequent. 
Nor  does  the  length  of  the  style  furnish  a  satisfactory  distinction. 

.^  ^_  ^_   Capsule  suV)orbicular  or  somewhat  obcordate,  flat  and  broad,  2i  to  4  lines  in 
diameter. 

L.  Fremontii,  Watson.  Suffrutescent,  glabrous  and  glaucous,  much  branched,  10  to  20 
inches  high  :  leaves  narrow,  linear,  acute,  1|  to  3  inches  long,  entire  or  witli  1  to  2  pairs  of 
narrow  linear  spreading  acute  teeth :  racemes  very  numerous :  flowers  on  slender  spreading 
often  flexuons  pedicels :  petals  U  lines  long :  pods  thin,  light  colored,  usually  but  not  always 
more  or  less  pointed  at  the  base,  shallowly  obcordate  with  broad  rounded  lobes.  —  Bot. 
King  Exp.  30,  t.  4,  f.  3,  4;  Covillc,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  65.— Arid  places,  Col- 
ora(io,  Rofhrnd:  &  ']Vo'/,to  Nevada,  Arizona,  and  S.  California;  especially  abundant  in 
the  Mohave  Desert  ;.fl.  May,  June.     A  species  well  marked  by  its  large  pods. 

§  2,  Stigma  sessile  or  subsessile ;  .capsule  emarginate  or  retuse  at  the  apex. 

*  Capsule  merely  emarginate. 
•H-  Cotyledons  accumbent  (parallel  with  the  surfaces  of  the  capsule  and  seed),  relatively 
broad. 
L.  Virginicum,  L.  (Peppergrass.)  Puberulent,  erect,  8  inches  to  2  feet  high  lower 
leaves  pinnate  or  deeply  pinnatifid,  seldom  persisting  until  fruit ;  segments  incisely  serrate ; 
the  terminal  one  much'tlic  largest;  upper  leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  erect,  incisely  toothed 
or  entire;  teeth  unequal  and  upwardly  pointed:  racemes  1 -several,  many-flowered ;  pedicels 
slender,  widely  spreading,  1^  to  2  lines  long:  petals  spatulate,  wliite,  exceeding  the  oblong 
obtusish  sepals :  stamens  2  (to  4) :  capsule  orbicular,  smooth,  often  purple-tinged  at  maturity, 
narrowly  margined  above,  1^  lines  in  diameter ;  seeds  light  brov.ii,  narrowly  wing-margined, 
very  flat ;  the  faces  traversed  by  a  curved  and  eccentric  groove  marking  the  division 
between  the  radicle  and  flat  cotvledons.  —  Spec.  ii.  645 ;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  27 ;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii. 
435;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  168,  t.  73 ;  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  140;  Torr.Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  65;  Darl.  Fl.  Cest.  381 ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  115;  Leggett,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  i.  5.  L.  Iberia,  Schk.  Handb.  ii.  222, 
t.  180.     L.  tr'iandrum,  Stokes,  Bot.  Mat.  Med.  iii.  426.     L.  majiis,  Darrarf, ,  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  Fr. 


Lepidium.  ( '  K  UC I V K U.K.  ]  ij  7 

XV.  p.  xiii.  [Hist,  et  Descr.  Bayojine,  oil.  2,  454].      C/i/f>rola   Cnroliniana.  Walt.  Car.  173. 

Vynocardamum  Mrginirmn,  Welti)   &   Berth.   Hi.st.  Nal.  Cjiiiiir.  i.  'J7.      TliluHjti  VirtjiUKii, m,, 
Poir.  Diet.  vii.  544.     Dilepllcum  dijj'nsum  &.  Ij.  jiiacx,  Haf.  I-'l.  Ludov.  m.'i,  81;.  —  A  ■■ 
wceil  in  dry  soil  of  roadsiik-s  and  iiiltivattil  ground.     Nt-w  Knj^laiid  to  Hnrida,  wi-.-' 

Kansas  and  Texas.     (W.  Ind.,  also  introduced  into  Kuroju-.)      Tjie  jHutilion  of  ll»«. - 

dons  is  execptioual  iu  the  genus,  and  forms  l»y  far  tiie  he«t  distiiu-lion  Imtwoco  Uiia  aud  the 
two  following  species,  which  iu  many  respects  closely  similate  it. 

-t—  -t—    Cotyletlons ' incuniheut  (parallel  to  the  di.ssi'pimeni  of  the  eapHule) ;  mature  fruit 

seldom  exceeding  1^  lines  in  lon;,'th. 
++    Erect  annuals  with  stem  simple  below:    the  first  sjx-iies  more  or  less  pulxMccnt,  the 

others  nearly  or  cpiite  glabrous,  if  granular  very  minutely  so. 

=  Petals  presoiit,  white,  eiiualliug  or  e.\ceding  the  sipals:  w«'8t<-rn. 
Li.  Menziesii,  DC.  Root  long,  slender,  perpendicular,  simjile  <ir  at  length  brunched,  Home- 
times  biennial  or  pcreuuial  {'.):  stem  2  inches  to  a  foot  high,  jtulx-rulent,  simple  l>cl<jw, 
erect,  branched  above:  basal  leaves  ))innat<^ly  parted,  petiujate,  pnlicsci-nt  ^<r  somiwli.tt 
hirsute;  segments  lanceolate,  acutish,  subentiru  or  rather  deejily  tuothcd  ;  cuuline  lea%<s 
merely  toothed,  the  u])per  linear,  entire:  racemes  1  to  several,  not  contracttd  near  tin-  sum- 
mit; pedicels  slender,  early  spreading  or  divaricate,  longer  than  the  capsules:  Btametid 
varying  from  2  to  4  :  capsules  orbicular,  retuse,  glabrous,  about  a  line  and  a  hjilf  in  di:inK-t<T : 
seeds  narrowly  margined  upon  one  edge.  —  Syst.  ii.  5.39;  'i'orr.  &  (iray.  ¥\.  i.  115,  in  part ; 
'I'orr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  233;  Macoun,  Cat.  Canad.  PI.  57;  not  Hook.,  nor  Brew.  &  ^\■afs  , 
nor  of  authors  as  to  apetalous  Californian  ])lant.  ?  L.  Citliforn'cum,  Niitt.  in  Torr.  Ji^  ' . 
I.e.  L.  inlermeclium,&  L.  Viif;inicnin,  Brew.  &  W.ats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  46,  not  47.  /..orr.., 
.  Howell,  Erythea,  iii.  ."32,  has  no  distinguishing  character.  —  Cliffs  aud  rocky  banks,  <  'r, ^  :., 
Ilnirdl,  to  Vancouver,  ^[acoun,  first  coll.  by  Menzies.  Of  the  identity  of  the  type,  there  aiu 
be  no  doubt,  from  De  CandoUe's  accurate  description,  as  well  as  from  a  tracing  of  and  notes 
upou  the  original  iu  herb.  Brit.  Mua.  Plants  appear,  however,  to  have  been  early  cultivated 
at  Geneva  as  L.  Menziesii,  which,  being  quite  distinct,  have  led  to  a  general  confusion. 

Li,  medium,  Greene.     Very  similar  to  the  preceding  in  flowers  and  fruit:    root  -' 
more  often  branched,  probably  only  of  annual  duration:    stcna  usually  taller,  boc 
feet  high  :  leaves  lanceolate,  dentate,  but  scarcely  ever  pinnatifid,  nearly  i«r  (piitc  ;rl 
the  raineal  linear,  entire.  —  Erythea,  iii.  32.     L.  iniermcdiuin,  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  l.'j ;   \V;ii,-.. 
Bot.  King  Exp.  25,  in  part;  not  A.  Rich  ,  nor  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2-6,  nor  of  authors  as  lo  plant  of 
Easteru  States.     L.  lasioctirpum,  xht.  tennipcs,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acail.  xvii.  322,  in  great  part 
(a  form  Avith   slightly   flattened   ])edicels  connecting  this   with  /..  litsiiH--n[niw).  —  Te.xjm 
and  New  Mexico  to  S.  California  and  uorthward   to  Puget  Sound  and  N.  Idaho.     (.Me\.) 
Perhaps  iutergrading  with  the  preceding,  but  of  very  different  and  much  more  extended 
range. 

Var.  pubescens,  Robinson,  n.  var.  Somewhat  stouter,  velvetypube.'^i^ent :  leave* 
thiikisli:  petals  in  type  of  the  variety  and  specimens  seen  always  present  as  in  typicul 
form:  capsule  a  little  larger,  glabrous. — L.  interme ilium,  var.  imlip.icens,  Greene,  Bot.  Gay,. 
v.  157.  —  Arizona,  Palmer,  1876,  and  New  Mexico,  at  Mangos  Springs,  Greene,  1880. 

L.  apetfctlum,  Willd.     Habit  of  L.  Virf/iniciini  but  more  slender,  odurle.ss  :  leavr;  -r.rn--vVn» 
narrower  and  paler  duller  green;  the  basal  more  or  less  incisely  ti>othe<l  or  i 
ments  usually  acutish:    flowers  apetalous  (nn'nute  petals  j)resent  in  some  foi 

diandrous,  closely  aggregated,  the  pedicels  remaining  nearly  erect  during .  :  . 

making  the  racemes  appear  contracted  just  below  the  summit :    fruiting  }>edicrl.<  approxi- 
mate, regularly  and   widely  spreading,  scarcely  longer  than  the  glabrous  i>rbi<-iihr  p-fii-« 
silicel.s.  —  Spec.    iii.  439    (poorly    de^scribcd    from   a   fragmentary    Silwrian    - 
type  .still  extant  and  identified  by   Prof.  Ascherson,  Verb.  Bot.  Brandnibi; 
L.  iiicisum,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  541,  and  various  authors,  but  j)robably  not  of  Kotb  ;  - 
1.  c.   109.     L.   minnntkum,  var.  (ipitnliim,  Ledeb.  Fl.  Boss.  i.  205  ;    Grutter,   l)i-ui«  li.   li..i. 
Monatsschr.  viii.  80;    Winkler,  Verb.  Bot.  Brandenburg,  1891.  106.     /..  rudrtnle,  Hiwk.  Fl. 
Bor.-Am.  i.  68;   Torr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  115;   Torr.  in   Frc'm.  Rep.  87;   Gr.»>    1"    '"      "    ' 
Hook.  f.  Arct.  PI.  280,  32(»;  not  L.     L.  iiiUriiudiiiiii,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2-rt  ;    N\ 
Exp.   20,   in    p.irt,   and    aiillinr.s.   :is  to  eastern  plant.     L.  /</.-iiV««ir/.iim,    var 


128  CRUCIFER.E.  Lcpidhim. 

Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  322,  in  small  part.     L.  V'nginlcum,  Macouii,  Cat.  Cauad.  PI.  57,  as  to 
eastern   plant;    MacMillan,   Metasp.   Min.  Val.  257.— Common   and   widely   distributed, 
extending  from  New  England  acro.ss  the  continent  and  soutli  to  Texas,  where,  as  in  the 
northwest,  probably  indigenous ;  in  the  Ea,stern  States  a  wayside  weed  appearing  as  though 
introduced.     (N.  &  Centr.  Asia,  adv.  in  Eu.) 
L.  rudekAle,  L.     Kearly  or  quite  glabrous,  8  to  12  inches  high,  exhaling  a  strong  disagree- 
able odor  (like  that  of  Senebiera  didj/ma) :    lowest  leaves  bipinnatifid,  seldom  persisting; 
the  upper  narrow,  linear,  entire  or  few-toothed :  racemes  more  slender  and  loosely  flowered 
than  in  the  preceding:    flowers  small,  apetalous,  diandrous:    capsule  smooth,  marginless, 
broadly  ovate  rather  than  orbicular,  commonly  less  than  a  line  in  diameter:  pedicels  slender, 
U  lines  long,  more  scattered  and  less  regularly  spreading  than  in  the  jircccdiug.  —  Spec.  ii. 
f)45  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  168,  t.  73,  f.  8-10 ;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  73.  —  Waste 
})laccs  and  roadsides,  Nova  Scotia,  Macoun,  to  Texas,  Reverchon,  becoming  freiiuent  about 
the  larger  cities  of  the  Atlantic  seaboard;  fl.  a  little  earlier  than  the  two  ])recediiig,  May  to 
July.     (Xat.  from  Eu.)     Leafy  and  pauiculately  branched  specimens  not  differing  from 
this  species  in  their  essential  characters  have  been  collected  in  the  Winnii>eg  Valley,  at 
I'\)rt  Ellis,  and  in  the  Saskatchewan  region,  Bouiyeaii,  and  at  Maple  (Jreck,  Macoun. 
++   ++   Lower  and  more  spreading,  pubescent  or  hirsute. 
L.  lasiocarpum,  Nutt.     Branching  from  or  near  the  base,  decumbent  (rarely  if  ever  with 
a  single  erect  stem),  hirsute  with  spreading  hairs  or  tomentulose :    lower  leaves  pinnately 
parted;    segments  usually  rather  broad,  obtuse  or  rounded,  sparingly  toothed  or  entire: 
racemes  several ;    pedicels  distinctly  flattened,  horizontally  spreading,  U  lines  long :    sepals 
broadly  oblong,  usually  purple,  with  thin  white  margins :   petals  minute  or  none :   capsule 
sul)orbicular,  thin-margined  near  the  apex,  hispid-pubescent  upon  both  faces  or  at  least  upon 
the  edge  (very  rarely  quite  smooth).  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  115 ;    Wats.  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  xi.  113,  &  xvii.  322;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  46.     L.  Wrightii,  Gray,  PI.  Wright, 
ii.  15.     L.  ruderale,  var.  lasiocarpum,  Engclm.  in  Gray,  1.  c.  —  S.  W.  Colorado,  Brandajee, 
and  Texas  to  S.  California.     (Adj.  Mex.)     Also  introduced  upon  railway  ballast  in  Oregon, 
Henderson.     A  species  of  definite  geographic  distribution,  distinguished  from  the  following 
by  its  almost  invariably  hispid  pods  and  less  deeply  divided  leaves. 
L.  niPixxAxfFiDUM,  Desv.    Low,  branching  from  or  near  the  base:  leaves  all  pinnatifid,  the 
lowest  bipinnatifid;    segments  roundish  to  oblong  or  linear:    flowers  apetalous:    fruiting 
pedicels  divaricate,  seldom  exceeding  the  orbicular  glabrous  silicels.  —  Journ.  Bot.  iii.  165 
(1814)  ;  K.  Brandegee,  Zoe,  iii.  49,  &  iv.  300.     L.  Menziesii,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  68,  as  to 
descr. ;    Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  115,  in  part ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  46.  arid  authors  as  to 
pi.  Calif.,  not  DC.  —  A  common  weed  by  beaten  paths,  &c.,  Centr.  and  S.  California,  eastward 
to  Arkansas,  Prinr/le,  Letterman.     (Probably  introduced  from  Mex.  and  S.  Amer.) 
++   ++   4H.   Stem  conspicuously  granular :  southwestern  annual  or  biennial. 
L.    sordidum,   Gray.      Spreading  from  the  base   or  forming  an   erect   flexuous  much 
l)ranched  stem,  a  foot  in  height :    leaves  all  deeply  pinnatifid,  6  to  9  lines  long ;    segments 
more  or  less  cleft :    racemes  many,  8  to  16  lines  in  length  :    flowers  very  numerous,  minute, 
apetalous  or  nearly  so  :  stamens  4 :  capsules  orbicular,  smooth,  wingless,  three  fourths  line 
in  diameter,  on  slender  ascending  pedicels  of  about  the  same  length.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  10, 
&  ii.    15;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.   Herb.  ii.  21.  — Mountain  valleys  and  rocky  hills, 
W.  Texas,  Wright,  Girard,  Havard ;  fl.  in  summer.     (Chihuahua,  Pnnf//e.) 
-1-   ^-  ^-  Cotyledons  incumbent :    fruit  larger,  2  to  2^  lines  long  at  maturity ;    the  thin 
margin  slightly  involute  toward  the  upper  or  dorsal  surface :  Pacific  species. 
L.  nltidum,  Nnxx.      Erect  or  branched  from  the  base  and  spreading,  4  inches  to  a  foot  or 
more  in  height :    pubescent  or  nearly  smooth':   lower  leaves  deejdy  pinnatifid  with  narrow 
rhachis  and  attenuate  segments ;  the  upper  leaves  often  entire :  racemes  one  to  several,  rather 
loosely  flowered:    petals  white,  considerably  exceeding  the  sepals:    capsule  smooth    and 
shining,  convex  below  and  nearly  flat  or  even  concave  above,  H  to  2  lines  broad,  often 
purple:    pedicels  strongly  flattened.  — Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  116;    Benth.  PI.  Hartw. 
298 ;    Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  66,  vii.  8,  &  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  34 ;    Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif, 
i.  46.     L.leioairpiim,  Hook.  &  Am.  Bot.  Beech.  324,  not  DC.  —  Wa.shington,   Rockland, 
S>iksdo7-f,   Klikitat,  Iloivell,  to   San  Diego,  California,  Thur-ber,  Orc.utt ;    common  on  dry 
hillsides;    fl.  through  spring. 


Senehiem.  CIUJCIKKlt.i;.  129 

Var.  insigne,  (iKKiCNic.     "Stoulish  and  mostly  simple,  4-8  iruli<'«  liigli ;   the  montly 
solitary  fruiting  riueine  shorter  anil  ik-nser:    ]mi(1s  twico  a.s  larRo  [ju«  I J  liiiet*  in  diiuni'tiTJ, 
round-obovoid."  —  Fl.  Francis.  274,  ^  M.iu.  Hay-Ucf;  24.  —Ml.  Dialdo  Uaiigc,  Ccutral Calif ., 
aec.  to  Greene. 
*   *    Apex  of  the  capsule  produced  iuto  two  distinct  teeth  <jr  lid>t!«:  wc«tom  annnals. 

L.  latipes,  Hooic.  I'ubescent  or  somewhat  hirsute,  l)ranidnd  from  the  haw?;  hnuu-hcii 
short,  stont,  prorunibeut :  leaves  lonj^,  narrow,  linear,  in'in-  or  coar^tdy  pinnatififl  with  a 
few  linear  segments:  racemes  dense;  jiedicels  strongly  (<.iiiprc.x>til,  a-srending  or  nearly 
erect:  petals  obovate,  rounded  at  the  apex,  l.J  lines  h)ng,  much  e.\i<iding  the  »hort  kojkiU  : 
pods  ovate,  conspicuously  reticulated,  pulterident,  or  coarsely  pubescent,  ending  in  two 
a])i)roximate  ovate-lanceolate  acutish  teeth  ;  the  latter  being  a  line  or  more  in  length  ;  Kinus 
very  narrow.  —  Ic.  t.  41  ;  Torr.  it  (iray,  Fl.  i.  lie. ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  45.— 
Flats  and  salt  marshes,  but  also  iu  hard  clayey  soil,  California,  near  the  coant  from  Martinez 
soutliward. 

L.    dictyotum,   Gkay.     Decumbent,   spreading,  nmch   brancheii    from   the   base:    leaves 
linear,  tapering  at  both  ends,  10  to  22  lines  long,  a  line  or  ks,s  in   width,  n«ii:i!ly  pntir*», 
more  rarely  with  one  or  two  narrow  teeth  near  the  middle:    pedicels  stron 
sepals  scarknis-margiued,  not  persisting  :    petals  usually  none,  when  i»rest!iil 
capsules  ovate,  strongly  reticulated,  pubesi  cut  at  least  when  young,  1.J  lim  > 

-  short,  obtuse;  sinus  narrow.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  329;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Kxp.  .»u,  t.  4,  i. 
1,  2;.  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  273,  &  Man.  Bay-Reg.  23.  —  Damp  and  especially  alkaline  soil, 
Wa.shington,  Duck  Lake,  Suksdorf,  Walla  "Walla,  Brandcjoc,  southwar.l  to  San  Diego  Co., 
Calif.,  Jom'.<,  Clrveland ;  also  Nevada,  Aiuhrson,  Wulgon;  fl.  February  to  June. 

Var.  aciitidens,  Gray.  Uacemes  more  elongated,  loo!<e :  pedicels  widely  sjireading 
ordeflexcd:  teeth  of  the  capsule  longer,  acute  or  acuti.sh,  more  <jr  less  sprea^ling;  sinui* 
triangular.  —  Troc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  54. —Alkaline  soil.  Yreka,  Calif,  Greene;  Oregon, 
Ilua-ell  Bros. ;  San  Diego,  Calif.,  .Awps.  The  southern  specimens  collected  by  Prof.  Jouea 
show  a  transition  to  the  type. 

L.  Strictum,  IJatt.w.     F'inely  jmbescent.  l)ranched,  nearly  erect  or  more  or  lesR  spreading- 
leaves  pinnatifid ;    segments  narrow,  toothed,  obtuse  or  acutish:    racemes  mostly   nlher 
dense;    pedicels  short,  erect  or  ascending,  exceeded  l)y  the  capsules:   the  latter  br  iidly 
ovate,  glabrous,  incon.spicuously  reticulated,  1  to  li  liu<?s  in   breadth;    teeth  short    i 
sinus  triangular:    petals  none:    calyx  often  persisting  to  mature  fruit.  —  Anal     I 

L.  o.ri/c(iri»iiii,  var.  (?)  strictum,  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  46.  &  Bibl.  Index,  G.").     L.  (>.'•, 

Greene,  II  F'rancis.  274,  in  part.  —  Preferring  alkaline  soil,  Ccntr.  and   N.  California;  fl. 
March  to  June. 

Var.  Oreganum,  Roiunson,  n.  var.  Segments  of  the  leaves  attenuate :  eajisule 
larger,  \\  lines  liruad  :  calyx  promptly  deciduous.  —  A.  (hei/duum,  Howell.  Pacif.  Cox-t  I'l.. 
coll.  of  1887  ;    Greene,  1.  c.  in  part.  —  Kogue  River  Valley,  ( )regou.  How* II. 

L.  oxycarpum,  Torr.  &  Gray.    Slender,  branched  from  the  biise,  nearly  or  (juiie  .<«mi>oth; 
branches  ascending,  4  to  6  inches  long,  loo.sely  floriferotis  more  than  half  their  \>-\r^\\< 
leaves  jiarrow,  linear,  acute,  subentire  or  pinnatifid  with  a  few  narrow  a/'Ute  teeth     ; 
looser  than  in  the  preceding  species;   pedicels  widely  s|(rca.ling  or  deflexe.l,  mor. 
than  in  the  other  members  of  tlie  ^roup,  U  lines  long:    tiowcrs  small,  npetal-'u- 
very  unequal,  half  line  long :    stamens  2  :    c:ipsule  .suborbicnlar,  glabrate.  finely  n\ 
\\  lines  broad,  tipped  with  two  very  short  wi<lely  divergent  teeth.  — Fl.  i.   I  Ifi ;    li 
Am.  Bot.  Beech.  323;    Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  46;    Greene,  1.  r.  — Central  Ca;.i    :.- 
Cadboro  Bay,  Vancouver,  Macoim,  preferring  saline  soil ;    fl.  March,  Aj)ril. 

14.   SENEBIifiRA,  DC.      Wakt  Crkss.  Swi.nk  Cre8.s.     (Dodi. 
Jean     Senebicr,    vegetable     physiologist    of    (Jeiieva.    17  l'J-l.Sn'.),)  —  Pr. 
spreading  and  slightly  surculont  weeds  from  the  Old  WorM,  exhaliiij;  a  eharae 
teristic  and  disagreeable  odor.  —  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  i.  140-14ri.  t.  8,  !•. 
\1\)\)   (An  7),  &  Syst.   ii.  .")•_>!;    Vow.    Diet.  vii.   7");    Keielienb.   le.    Fl.   tJcrm. 
ii.  t.  0.       ro?o»o;)7^<:,  (lierlii.  Friict.  ii.  2!»;!.      I  T-    ''■     !      IJ..1.1  v..  .v  1 


130  CRUCIFER.E.  SeneUera. 

S.  prxNATiFiDA,  DC.  Animal  or  liiennial:  stems  numerous  and  slender:  leaves  short,  an 
inch  or  less  in  length,  piunately  jmted ;  segments  7  to  <),  lanceolate,  entire,  cr  sparingly 
toothed:  Howers  very  small,  greenish  white:  ])etals  minute  or  none  :  fruit  small,  1  to  1-J  lines 
broad,  notched  both  above  and  below,  tims  appearing  transversely  2-lobed  ;  its  segments 
turgid  and  finely  wrinkled.  —  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  i.  144,  1799  (An  7),  &  Syst.  ii. 
523;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  114.  S.  didi/ma,  Pers.  Syu.  ii.  185.  Lepidium  didipnnin,  L.  Mant. 
92.  '  Conmopus  didymns.  Smith,  Fl.  Brit.  ii.  691  ;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  434;  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  65.— 
Preferring  moist  soil  of  ditches,  surface  drains,  &c.,  frequent  along  the  sealward  from  New- 
foundland to  Florida  and  Louisiana,  also  from  California  to  Vancouver  Isl.,  Macoiin; 
occasionally  found  in  dry  situations;  not  frequent  in  the  interior;  fl.  spring  and  early 
summer.     (Introd.  from  Eu.) 

S.  CoROXOPcs,  Poir.  Annual  or  biennial :  stems  stouter  :  leaves  longer  and  segments  rela- 
tively narrower:  fruit  flattened,  \h  to  i;^  lines  broad,  not  uotdied  above  nor  divided  into 
two  lobes,  but  strongly  roughened  and  somewhat  crested  by  radiating  pi-ominences.  —  Diet, 
vii.  76;  Pers.  Syn.  ii.  185;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  525;  Torr.  .&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  115;  AVats.  &  Coulter,  in 
Gray,  Man.  ed  6,  74.  •  Coronopus  Ruellii,  All.  Fed.  u.  934 ;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  435 ;  Ell.  Sk.  ii. 
139.  Coronopus  Coronopus,  Karsten,  Deutsch.  Fl.  673.  —  Roadsides  and  rubbish  heaps, 
chiefly  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  States,  but  occasionally  westward ;  Portland,  Oregon, //e«- 
derson;  kss  common  tlian  the  preceding.     (Introd.  from  Eu.) 

15.  SUBULARIA,  L.  Aavi.avort.  (Latin  sulmla,  an  awl,  in  refer- 
ence to  the  leaves.)  —  Small  aquatic  perennials  with  clustered  subulate  attenuate 
leaves  and  scapose  loosely  racemose  inflorescence  of  minute  white  flowers.  — 
Gen.  no.  526;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  163,  t.  71  ;  Hiltner  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  vii.  264; 
Prantl  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzeuf.  iii.'Ab.  2,  159.  — An  interesting  and 
practically  monotypic  genus  of  which  the  exact  affinities  are  still  somewhat 
doHbtful.  The  following  species  is  widely  distributed  in  the  northern  temperate 
zone.  A  second  species  from  the  mountains  of  Abyssinia  is  doubtfully  distinct. 
[By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

S.  aquatica,  L.  Submersed  or  growing  on  muddy  banks,  glabrous :  root  a  dense  cluster 
of  bright  wliite  fibres:  leaves  12  to  20,  une(iual,  erect  or  slightly  spreading,  thickish  at  the 
base,  l-U(-3)  inches  in  length,  tapering  very  gradually  to  the  end:  floral  axis  naked,  1  to  4 
inches  high,  floriferous  from  below  the  middle :  the  submersed  flowers  minute,  cleistogamous, 
and  somewhat  simplified  :  fruit  obovate,  upon  short  distant  spreading  pedicels.  —  Spec,  ii 
642 ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  698 ;  Torr.  &  Grav,  Fl.  i.  1 13 ;  Gray,  1.  c.  164,  t.  71 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot. 
Calif,  i.  43  ;  Slosson,  Bull.  Torr.  Chib.  xi.  118;  Day,  ibid.  xvi.  291.  — Edges  of  ponds  and 
lakes,  also  muddv  banks  of  running  water,  Newfoundland,  on  the  Exploits  Riv.,  Robinson 
&  Srhrenk;  Maine,  Nuftall,  near  Portland,  Chickerinr, ;  New  Hampshire,  Franconia,  Tucher- 
man,  Oales,  Miss  Slosson,  Faxon,  Squam  hake,  J.  Schrenk ;  Ontario,  Slater's  Bay  near 
Port  Sandfield,  coll.  bv  botani.sts  of  Am.  Assoc.  1889 ;  Manitoba,  Eagle  Lake,  Fletcher,  ace. 
to  Macoun;  Wvoming,  Yellow-stone  Lake,  Parr;/;  California,  Mono  Pass,  10,000  feet, 
Bolander,  Summ'it  Vallev,  Prinqle,  Webber  Lake,  Lemmon ;  and  Vancouver,  Sproat  Lake, 
Macotm.  '  Said  to  have  been  collected  on  the  Delaware  Riv.  by  Durand,  but  its  occurrence 
in  that  region  has  not  been  recently  substantiated.  Easily  overlooked  and  doubtless  much 
more  widely  distributed  :  the  foliage  somewhat  resembles  an  Isoetes. 

16.  CAPSlfiLLA,  Medic.  (Latin  capsella,  a  little  box,  alluding  to  the 
ffuit.)  _  A  small  genus,  diflicult  of  circumscription ;  branching  annuals  with 
small  white  flowers  and  rosulate  leaves.  —  Pflanzeng.  i.  85  ;  Moench,  Meth.  271  ; 
DC.  Syst.  ii.  383  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  116;  Bcnth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  86; 
Prantl,  1.  c.  189.  Bursa,  Tourn.  Tnst.  216,  t.  103.  Hi/mennlohus,  Nutt.  in 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  117.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

§1.  BuRi^E.T:.  Fiiiit  obcordatc.  ouneate,  reversed-deltoid  in  outline:  intro- 
duced  from  the  Old  World. 


Neslia.  C'la'CIFElLE.  ];]] 

C.  BLusA-PASr6Ri8,  Medic.  1.  c.     (Suki-iieki.'s  1'ub8k.)    Finely  stcllato-puhcwent  aii-l  m.mo- 
wliat  hirsute:   ba.s:il  loaves  obloii^r  or  ohhuiceolato  in  oiu)in«,  imrr"w<-!   »K.t..w  to  wir.-^.-l 
petioles,  dentate  or  deuph- siuuate-piniiatifid  ;  can!' 
clasping  bases :    racemes  in  fruit  loose,  clonfraied. 
ing.  —  Thiaxpi  Bursn-jiasloris,  L.  Sjjcc.  ii  C47.     It 

Mem.  Torr.  C'lul).  v.  1 72.  —  ( )ne  of  the  commonest  door  ,>  aid  wcudb,  doubiliuw  of  gnruntogfuiu 
origin,  hut  now  cosmt)politan.     (\at.  from  Eu.) 

§  2.  Hymenoi.obk.e.  Fruit  ellii)tioal,  entire  at  tiie  apex  :  iiirli-jr-nous,  chiefly 
in  the  West. 

C.  elliptica,  C.  A.  Meyer.     Low,  weak  and  8])reading.  very  minutely  utellnto-pubewent  or 
glal)r()us  throughout:    leaves  thin,  small,  sjtatulate  or  lanceolate;  the  lower  commonlv  with 
a  few  blunt  teeth  or  more  or  less  deeply  piuuittilid:   stems  nearlv  filif.jrin,  flexuous     • 
minute:    sepals  ovate-elliptic,  obui.sc,  thin-margined,  about  e<iualled   bv  the  nam. 
petals:    capsule  elliptic-oldong,  I  to  U  linos  in  length;    stigma  nearlv  sessih'.  —  .M^ 
Ledeb.  Fl.  Alt.  iii.  199.     C.  lyrocuinbeus,  Fries,  M;uit.  i.  14;    licicheub.  Ir.  Fl.  (krm.  ii. 
t.  11 ;    Britton,  Bull.  Torn  Club,  xvii.  311.     C.  diraricuta,  &  C.  enrUi,  Walp.  Ueji.  i.  175. 
Hi/meiiolobus  divariculHs,  Nutt.  iu  Torr.  &  dray,  Fl.  i.  117;    J  look.  Ic.  t.  277.     /I.  ertctu.-. 
Nutt   1.  c.   '  Lepidium  procuinbens,  L.  Spec.  ii.  64.3.     llutrhinsia  proi-uminns,  Dcsv.  Jour.  Bot. 
iii.   168  (1814).  —  Dead  Islands,  Labrador,  Allen;    widely  distributed   in  the  West,  from 
Wyoming,  Porter,  to  Brit.  Columbia,  Mucoim,  and  S.  California.     (Asia,  &c  ) 

C.  pubens,  Benth.  &  Hook.  TaH,  erect,  quite  simple  or  with  several  ascending  bnim  h.  -, 
finely  and  rather  closely  stellate-tomentose  throughout :  stem  rather  stout,  leafy  : 
lanceolate  or  oblong,  pinnately  toothed  or  merely  repand  :  racemes  rather  dense,  b. . 
much  elongateil;  pedicels  4  to  8  lines  long:  sepals  spreading  in  anthc.sis:  capsu 
inflated,  stellately  pubescent  and  hispid,  3  to  4  lines  long,  tipjicd  with  a  short  slen'i' 
—  Benth.  &  Hook.  ace.  to  Wats.  Bild.  Index,  52,  &  True.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  322.  //;/;/-• 
pubetts,  Gray,  I'l.  Wright,  i.  9,  &  ii.  14.  —  Prairies  of  Texas,  Wrnjht,  G'inird,  Iluvuid,  and 
New  Mexico,  Wright.     (Mex.,  Palmer,  Pringte.) 

17.  CAMifiLINA,  Crantz.  False  Flax.  (Name  doubtfully  derived 
from  x"/^«'»  o^  ^'^^  ground,  dwarf,  and  Xivov,  flux,  perhaps  referring  to  a  stunt- 
ing influence  upon  flax,  in  fields  of  which  it  often  grows.)  —  Erect  geron- 
togeous  annuals  with  sagittate-clasping  oblong  to  linear  entire  or  dentate 
thickish  leaves  (the  lowermost  rarely  pinnatifid),  and  j>ale  yellow  or  white 
flowers  of  no  beauty.  —  Stirp.  Austr.  i.  18  ;  Reiehenl)  1.  c.  t.  24  :  Benth.  «&  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  83  ;  Prantl  in  Engl.  &  Trantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  2,  180.  [By 
B»  L.  Robinson.] 

C.  SAxfvA,  Crantz,!.  c  Stem  simple  or  sparingly  branched  above,  IJ  to  4  feet  high,  leafy, 
nearly  glabrous  or  somewhat  hirsute:  leaves  erect,  l|  to  2i  lines  long,  entire  or  nearly  .«o  : 
flowers  rather  small,  light  yellow;  fruiting  pedicels  spreading-a«cending:  fruit  ol><t\.it.. 
becoming  3^  to  4  lines  long,  three  fourths  as  broad,  glabrous,  margined,  finely  ml.n 
lated  and  slightly  rildicd  upon  the  face.s.  —  DC.  Sysl.  ii.  51.5  ;  Beck.  Bet.  27  ;  Darlingt  I-l. 
Ccst.  379  ;  Torr.  &  Cray,  Fl.  i.  110.  —  A  weed  not  infrequent  in  cultivated  ground,  es|KTially 
in  flax-fields  in  Canada  and  the  Middle  States,  extending  across  the  c.ntii.c  ni  :  ti  (..rlv 
summer.     (Introd.  from  En.) 

18.  NifiSLIA,  Desv.  (Dedicated  to  /.  A.  N.  Do  N>s...  An  ....i 
annual  monotype  of  the  Old  World,  a«lvontive  in  America.  —  .lourn.  BoU  iii. 
162  (1814);  Reiehenb.  1.  c.     [By  B.  L.  Hoiunson.] 

N.  pamchlAta,  Desv.  1.  c.    ]'ubo.scent,  a  foot  ur  more  in  hfiL'ht,  simple  np  to  the  infl«i 
leaves  oblong,  obtnsish,  1  to  2  inches  in  lengili.    ' 
base:   nicemes  1  to  5,  ascending;    i>edi<els  wi(lol\ 

.sepals  ubl..iiL'    |i:il.'  ^>■\l<^s  :   l.'i.'K  MKiMihiU-.  bri-l  ■ 


132  CHUCIFER.E.  Callle. 

a  line  in  diameter,  tipped  with  a  slender  persistent  style.  — M^jagnm  pam'culatum,  L.  Spec, 
ii.  G41.—  Winnipeg  Valley,  Boiirc/eau  (1858),  and  more  or  less  establislied  alons^  the  track 
of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Hailway,  at  Caimiove,  Macoun  (188;')),  also  coll.  on  balhist,  Jersey 
City,  Jud</e  Brown;  fl.  through  the  summer.     (Adv.  from  Eu.) 

19.  CAKILE,  Tourii.  Sea  Rocket.  (Name  of  doubtful  perhaps  Arabic 
origin.)  —  Fleshy  maritime  amnials,  generically  readily  recognized  by  their  char- 
acteristic fruit.  Flowers  purplish  or  white.  Leaves  more  or  less  siuuate-toothed 
or  incised.— Inst.  Suppl.  49,  t.  483;  Ga^rtu.  Fruct.  ii.  287;  Beuth.  &  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  9'J.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

C.  maritima,  Scop.  Leaves  either  narrow,  linear  or  nearly  so  and  suhentire,  or  more 
'often  \ory  ilcei)ly  sinuate  pinnatifiil,  with  narrow  rhachis  and  segments:  uj.per  cell  of  the 
fruit  considerably  exceeding  the  lower,  lanceolate  in  outline  or  ensiform,  sligiitly  4-angled 
and  narrowed  to  an  acutish  point ;  the  lower  cell  often  but  not  always  appendaged  at  the 
summit  with  two  spreading  teeth.  — Fl.  Carn.  cd.  2,  no.  844;  DC  Syst.  ii.  428.— The 
typical  form  of  this  species  occurs  as  a  hallast-weed  upon  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  the  Middle 
States,  Brown,  Parker,  and  a  form  unsatisfactorily  separable  by  its  usually  more  slender 
and  elongated  spindle-shaped  pods  is  indigenous  in  Florida,  Indian  Kiver,  Palmer,  Marquesas 
Keys,  Curtlss,  Key  West,  Binney.  This  form,  the  var.  .uquAlis,  Chapm.  Fl.  31,  is  not 
exactly  the  C.  cequaUs,  L'Her.  of  the  West  Indies,  which  has  more  entire  apparently  thinner 
leaves  and  still  more  slender  almo.st  linear  fruit. 

Var.  Cubensis,  Chapm.  "  Stem  and  branches  erect ;  leaves  linear,  obtuse,  dentate- 
serrate,  tapering  into  a  petiole  ;  loment  obovate."  —  Fl.  ed.  2,  606.  —  "  Keys  of  South 
Florida."  Not  seen,  but  from  the  descri])tion  of  the  fruit  apparently  different  from  C. 
Americana,  var.  Cubensis,  DC. 

Var.  geniculata,  Kobinson,  n.  var.  Foliage  of  the  typo :  axes  of  the  racemes  very 
stout  and  strongly  geniculate  :  fruit  fully  inch  in  length  ;  both  cells  with  several  prominent 
ribs;  the  upper  cell  elongated,  oblong,  scarcely  acute.—  C.  maritima.  var.  af/milis,  Coulter, 
Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  31,  &  ii.  22,  not  Chapm.  — Gulf  Coast,  Texas,  Bcrlandier,  no. 
3103,  Galveston,  Lindheimer,  May,  1843. 

C.  Americana,  Ndtt.  Leaves  oblanceolate  or  obovate,  shallowly  sinnate-toothed  or  cre- 
*nate:  upper  segments  of  fruit  ovate  in  outline,  4-angled  near  the  base,  acuminately  narrowed 
to  a  compressed  truncate  often  retuse  tip.—  Gen.  ii.  62 ;  Gray.  Gen.  111.  i.  170,  t.  74  ;  Greene, 
Bot.  Gaz.  vii.  94 ;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man,  ed.  6,  74 ;  K.  l?randegee,  Zoe,  ii.  340. 
C  maritima,  Vursh,  Fl.  ii.  4-'^4.  C  edcntuUi,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  59.  C.  maritima,  var. 
Americana,  Terr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  119.  Bunias  cdenttda,  Bigel  Fl.  Bo.^t.  1.57.—  Sea  beaches 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  to  Fla. ;  on  the  Pacific  in  Central  California  (perhaps  introduced), 
Greene,  and  along  the  shores  of  the  Great  Lakes.  Not  always  readily  distinguishable  from 
the  preceding  s].ccies,  of  which  it  has  sometimes  been  regarded  as  a  variety.  The  difference 
of  foliage,  however,  is  usually  striking,  and  of  geographic  range  noteworthy.  A  marked 
form  from  Enterprise,  Fla.,  Canin/,  has  an  elongated  oblong  strongly  ribbed  pod,  but  the 
upper  cell  has  the  characteristic  'flattened  and  retuse  apex  of  this  species,  with  which  the 
foKage  also  closely  agrees. 
20.    RAPHANUS,  L.     Radish.     ('Pac^aro?,  used  for /)a<^ans,  radish.)  — 

A  genus  of  six  to  ten  species,  stout  annuals  or  biennials,  all  natives  of  the  Old 

"World  and  most  of  them  of  the  Mediterranean  region.  —  Gen.  no.  539 ;    DC. 

Prodr.  i.  228.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

R.  llAPiiANfsTRCM,  L.  (WiLi)  IUdish,  JoiNTKi)  CiiAnLOCK.)  Lcavos  lyrately  pinnatifid, 
hirsute :  petals  most  often  light  yellow  or  white  anfl  dark  veined,  rarely  purplish  :  pud 
strongly  moniliform,  2-8-seedeil ;  'the  more  or  less  ribbed  or  corrugated  segments  only  1^ 
to  2  hiies  in  In-eadth ;  beak  elongated,  slender,  and  gradually  narrowed  to  a  point.  — 
Spec.  ii.  669;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  120;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  3.5;  Wats.  &  Coulter, 
I.  c  — A  rapid  growing  and  troublesome  weed  in  waste  and  cultivated  ground.  (Introd. 
from  Eu.) 


Brassica.  CRUCIKER.E.  133 

R.  SATfvus,  L.  1.  c.  (Radish.)  Mutli  like  tlie  last  in  foliiigc :  petals  pale  pnriik-.  pod 
usually  2-3-seeiled ;  seguieuts  beciniiiiig  3^  to  4  lines  in  lireadtli,  lfii«  c-urrugaltxi  oiid  Ivm 
distinct  from  tho  joining  necks  tliun  in  the  preceding:  beak  elongated,  iliickiwh  but  gradu- 
ally narrowed  to  a  point.  —  Gray,  Man.  ed. .'),  75  ;  Coulter  in  Ilayden,  Ki-p.  1872,  761  ;  Hrew. 
&  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  49.  — Occa.'iiiinaily  cscajiing  from  cultivation  in  ibe  Kant;  be<-uinin;;  a 
prevalent  weed  in  California.  In  tliu  wild  jdanl  liie  root  i.s  rather  sbmler  and  lougli  Jlbrt-d. 
(Iiitrod.  from  Eu.) 

21.  BRASSICA,  Tuuru.  (Classical  Latin  name  fur  cal)bagc.)  —  Erect 
annuals  or  biennials  of  Eurojjean  und  Asiatic  origin,  usually  souiewhat  succu- 
lent ;  several  species  adveiitive  in  America  or  tending  to  escape  from  cultivation. 
Leaves,  at  least  the  lower  ones,  usually  lyrate.  —  Inst.  219,  t,  IOC;  L.  Gen. 
n.  542  ;  DC  Syst.  ii.  582  ;  Reicheul).  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  t.  1)1-08  ;  Beutli.  &  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  84;  Prantl  in  Engl.  &  Prautl,  Nat.  PHaiizenf.  iii.  Ab.  2,  177.  Siunjiis, 
L.  Gen.  no.  543.  Rapa,  Touru.  Inst.  228,  t.  1K3;  Adans.  Fam.  ii.  417. 
Sinajnstrum,  Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  vi.  343.  —  Eoononiically  the  most  important 
genus  of  the  order.  B.  olerucea,  with  its  numeruu.s  artilicial  varieties,  furnishes 
cabbage,  cauliflower,  Brussels  sprouts,  kohlrabi,  kale,  broccoli,  &c.  B.  campestn's 
has  yielded  in  cultivation  the  turnip  and  rutabaga,  as  well  as  the  colza  and  rajie 
raised  for  the  oil  in  the  seeds.  B.  nigra  and  B.  alba  furnish  the  niu.st:ird  of 
commerce.  In  their  wild  state  these  species  form  rapid  growing  coarse  and 
unsightly  weeds  of  roadsides  and  waste  ground.     [By  B.  L.  Kobinsox.] 

B.  CAMPESTRis,  L.  (Turnip,  Rutabaga.)  Stout,  smootli  or  nearly  so,  often  very  glaucoux, 
succulent :  lower  leaves  sparingly  toothed  or  ])imiatirid ;  the  upper  entire  or  8uliculir«>, 
oblong-lanceolate,  sessile  by  a  chxsping  cordate-auriculatc  biise,  usually  obtuse  at  tho  ajH'x : 
flowers  pale  yellow :  sepals  scarcely  spreading :  i)etals  about  3  lines  long  :  pedicel  spread- 
ing: puds  terete,  I^  to  24  inches  long,  gradually  narrowed  into  a  subulate  Injak  tippetl  witli 
a  llattish  stigma;  seeds  dark  l)rown.  —  Spec.  ii.  666;  Wats.  Bot.  King  K.\p.  28;  WaLx  & 
Coulter  iu  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  73.  -  Generally  cultivated  in  its  various  forms  and  constantly 
tending  to  escape,  sometimes  becoming  a  noxious  weed  in  grain  fields;  (1.  earlier  than  tho 
other  species.     (Introd.  from  Eu,  Asia.) 

B.  xfGRA,  Koch      (Black  Mu.sTARD.)    Tall,  2  to  5  feet  in  height :   stem  finely  striate,  nearly 
or  quite  glabrous:   leaves  large,  coarse,  petiolate,  commtmly  beset  at  lea.'<t  upon  the  veins 
beneath  with  scattered  spreading  bristles,  lyrately  pinnatifid  or  divided ;    the  terminal  .M'g- 
ment  mucii  the  largest,  ovate  or  suborbicular,  shallowly  lobcd  and  sharply  dentiUo ;    the 
uppermost  leaves  sim|der  in  outline,  often  reiluced  to  linear  bracts  Imt  always  with  .<lrnder 
petioles:    racemes  long  and  dense:    calyx  spreading  a  little  inanthesis:    jietals  spatulate, 
about  3^  lines  in  length  :    silirjues  half  inch  long,  glalirous,  torulose,  indistinctly  <|nadrangu- 
lar,  short-pedicelled  and  appre.^sed  at  maturity,  tipped  with  ,<«lender  beaks  (half  lino  long); 
valves  nerveless;  seeds  nearly  bbick,  liighly  pnngcnt.  —  Koch  in  Ri>ehl.  l^nts.-hl   Fl   ♦>d  ."? 
iv.  713;   Wats.  I.e.  28;    Wats.  &  Coulter,  1.  c.  72.     .</««/>/>•  n-Vr<i.  L.  > 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  99 ;    Reichenb.   Ic.   Fl.  Germ.  ii.  t.  88  —  Fxtensiv.ly 
established  and  widely  distributed  as  a  coarse  wayside  wci-d,  extending  i 
preferring  rich  soil;  11.  from  .June  to  late  autumn.     (Nat.  from  Ku.,  Asia.) 

B.  SiNApfsTRu.M,  Boiss.     ((^iiARLOCK.)     Au  crcct  annual,  hisjiid  with  scaft.  r  .' 
leaves  tootiied  or  ])innatifid  with  a  large  ovate-oblong  or  deltoid  shallow  l 
terminal  segment  and  ustially  a  pair  or  two  of  nnuh  smaller  .segnjents  ' 

ovate-lanceolate,  sessile  or  .subses.-iile  by  a  narrow   ba.«e,   not  cl:u«ping:    ..        

large:  sepals  spreading:  ])etals  ne.-irly  r.  linej*  long:  ]»od»  asconding,  erect  or  sometime* 
appres.sed;  the  fertile  portion  9  to  I.*!  lines  long,  torrtso ;  valves  nervwl ;  bonk  Mender, 
flattisli,  nearly  half  as  long,  tipped  witli  a  globular  stigma;  valves  at  nmlurit\  nitixT 
prnmiuchtly  3-5-nerved.  —  Voy.  Kspagne.  ii.  39  :  Wat->».  &  Conltrr.  I.e.  .sVm.i/..*  -i-,-.  ..«.«. 
L.  Spec.  ii.  668;    Torr.  &   Gray,  Fl.  i.  99;    Kng    H"t    i    i:4,s  —  A  common  and  iruuM*. 


134  CnrCIFER.E.  Bmsslca 

some  weed  in  cultivated  ground  ;  fi.  June  to  August.  The  form  wliicli  is  naturalized  in 
America  lias  glahrous  pods,  while  in  the  Old  World  they  are  quite  as  often  hispid.  (Nat. 
from  Eu.,  Asia.) 

B.  JrNCE.\,  Cosson.  Glabrous  or  nearly  so :  upper  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate  to  linear- 
Gblong,  nearly  or  quite  entire,  always  cuneate  at  the  base  :  valves  of  the  capsule  3-nerved 
with  Literal  nerves  obscure  and  flexuous :  other  characters  nearly  as  in  the  preceding.  — 
Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  France,  vi.  609;  Hook.  f.  &  Thom.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  170.  —  Sjiaringly 
introduced  in  the  Eastern  States.     (Introd.  from  Eu.,  Asia.) 

B.  Alba,  Boiss.  1.  c.  (White  Mustard.)  Habitally  resembling  the  two  preceding  :  leaves 
usually  all  pinnatifid  :  pods  spreading,  densely  hispid,  tijjjjed  with  long  flat  l)eaks ;  seeds  pale 
yellow. —  Grav,  Man.  ed.  5,  70.  Sinupis  uiha,  L.  Spec.  ii.  668.  —  Often  cultivated  an<l  not 
infrequently  spontaneous,  especially  in  grain  fields,  Maine,  Ftniald,  to  Vancouver,  Macouu, 
and  S.  California,  Ilasse.  (Introd.  from  Eu.) 
B.  ADPRESSA,  Boiss.  1.  c.  38  (Erticastnim  incmiuvt,  Koch),  with  pinnately  parted  leaves  and 

finely  tomentose  racemes  of  short  do.sely  appresscd  pods,  has  become  locally  established  as  a 

wayside  weed  in  and  near  the  city  of  San  Bernardino,  Calif.,  Parish. 

22.  DIPLOTAXIS,  DC.  (AittAoos,  double,  and  rd^t^,  row,  in  reference 
to  the  biseriate  seeds.)  —  A  gcrontogeous  genus  of  some  twenty  species,  not  very 
satisfactorily  distinguished  from  Brassica.  Two  species  are  becoming  so  frequent 
upon  waste  ground  in  America  as  to  merit  notice.  —  Syst.  ii.  G28 ;  Benth.  & 
Hook.  Gen.  i.  84;  Prantl,  1.  c.  176.  Included  in  Brassicahy  Baill.  Hist.  PL 
iii.  248,  and  others.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

D  murAlis,  DC.  Branching  from  near  the  base,  smooth  or  sparingly  hispid :  stems  often 
naked  above :  leaves  oblanceolate,  shallowly  and  bluntly  toothed  or  pinnatifid,  attenuate 
below :  flowers  rather  small :  sepals  erect :  petals  3^  lines  long,  pale  yellow  :  fruiting  raceme 
loose  flexuous ;  pedicels  spreading,  4  to  6  lines  long :  capsules  over  inch  in  length,  nearly 
terete,  tipped  with  subulate  beaks;  valves  distinctly  nerved;  seeds  ovoid,  brown.  — Syst. 
ii  634 ;  Eeichenb.  1.  c.  t.  82.  —  A  ballast-weed  near  the  ports  of  the  Atlantic  seaboard, 
Camden,  Par/ter;  Philadelphia,  Marttndale ;  New  York,  Brown;  Chelsea,  Mass.,  Youmj ; 
Carleton,  N.  B.,  Fowler;  I'ictou,  N.  S.,  Macoun;  fl.  July  to  September.  (Adv.  from  Eu.) 
D  TENUiFoiiv  DC.  Similar  in  habit:  leaves  deeply  sinuate-pinnatifid  with  narrow  seg- 
ments •  flowers  larger:  petals  b  lines  in  length :  fruiting  pedicels  about  inch  long :  caj.sules 
slender,  U  inches  in  lengtli.  -  Sy.-^t.  ii.  632;  Reichenb.  1.  c.  -  Similar  situations  as  the  last 
and  about  equally  frecjuent.     (Adv.  from  Eu.) 

23.  CONRfNGIA,  Heist.  (Professor  Hermann  Conrhuj,  born  at  Norden, 
1606;  died  at  Helmstedt,  Brunswick,  1661.)  —  A  small  natural  genus  of  char- 
acteristic habit,  but  without  sharp  technical  characters.  —  Heist,  ace.  to  L.  Syst. 
Nat.  ed.  1;  Link,  Enum.  ii.  172;  Eeichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  t.  61.  Under 
Erysimum,  L.  Gen.  no.  o45  ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  r>07.  —  One  species,  perhaps  of  eastern 
origin  but  now  of  general  distribution  in  Centr.  Europe,  is  adventive  in  America. 
[By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

C.  perfoliAta.   Link,   1    c.       Glabnms   annual,    with    elliptical    obtuse    deeply   cordato    and 

amplexicaul  leaves,  vellowish  white  flowers,  and  long  widely  spreading  acutish  and  rather 

sharplv  4-angled  pods.  -  C.  orimtaUs,  Dum.  Fl.  Belg.  123.      Brassica  orientalis,  L.  Spec.  ii. 

666.     'B.  perfoliata,  Lam.  Diet.  i.  748.     Erijsimum  prrfoliatim,  Crautz,  Stirp.  Austr.  i.  2,. 

E  orientale,  R.  Br.  in  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iv.  117.      Conringia  onentalis,  Andrz.  in  DC.  1.  c. 

508.  — Waste  places  in  the  Canadian  Provinces,  Macom,  and  Minnesota,  Sandbcr;,;   as  yet 

scarcely  more  than  a  ballast-weed.     (Adv.  from  Eu.,  Asia.} 

24.  ALLIARIA,  Adans.  (Tlie  Linnean  specific  name  of  Eri/simum 
AUiaria,  derived  from  Allium,  onion,  garlic,  in  reference  to  the  odor.)  —  A  .small 


Ealrema.  CRUCIFER/E.  1|G 

:iiul  natural  genus  of  the  Old  World,  dibtiuguiHlied  from  Sisijmhrium  liy  its  wliit« 

fluvvei-s  and  characteristic  foliage  rather  than    by  technical  cliaracterh.  —  Kaiu. 

ii.   418   (the    earliest  known  post-Linnean  reference;    this  name   is   ascrihi-d  to 

.Alatthioli  by  Ruppius)  ;    DC.   Syst.  ii.  4.SS ;    Ueichenb.  Ic.  V\.  (jt-nn.  ii.  t.  GU ; 

Prantl,  1.  c.  168.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

A.  OFriciN'ALis,  AudfZ.     Biennial,  liispid-jmbf.sient  or  <iuiln  glabrous:   xtein  tall,  l<-r«te,  uftcii 
branched  above:  leaves  ovate-deltoiil  to  sulxjrbicular,  broa<ll\-  cordate, Hinuate-tixjtlied,  I  Ui  2 
inches  in  diameter,  tliin  and  groeu  upon  both  .>*urfacos,  sleuder-petioletl :  Howen*  nitbor  mtmll 
and  crowded:  siliques  firm,  spreadiii<;-ascending,  tapcrinj^  .it  the  apex,  1^  imlr 
length,  on  short  stout  .spreading  ])eiliiels.  —  Andr/.  in  Marsthall  v.  liiebcrst.  1 
iii.  445  ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  489.     yiV^.s/;rt«m  .l//i«n«,  L.  Spec.  ii.  660.     :^ is;/ minium  A  -     _ 

Fl.  Carn.  ed.  2,  ii.  26;   Thome',  Fl.  Deutschl.  ii.  t.  289;    Wats.  &  Coulter  in  (inty,  Man  wi. 
6,  72.    Alliaria  AUmria,'Qv\X,ton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  167.  —  Sparingly  uatumlizcd  ou  road- 
sides near  Ge<>rget(jwu,  D.C.,  /.  D.  Smith,  and  near  New  York  City,  Miss  Rich.     (Adv. 
from  Eu.,  Asia.) 
25.  EUTR£1MA,  R.  Br.     (Eu,  well,  and  Tpf//xa,  an  opening :   in  the  st-ii-se  of 

well  perforated,  referring  to  the  often  incomplete  dissepiment  of  the  capside.)  — 

A  small  genus  of  ijerennials,  chiefly  of  alpine  and   arctic  liabiuit,   atuiining  it« 

chief  development  in  Siberia,  closely  related  to  Sisymbrium  but  of  ililVcrcnt  habit. 

Leaves  entire,  creuate,  or  shallowly  dentate,  usually  ovate,  oblong  or  subrotund, 

often  fleshy;   the  radical  ones  long-petioled.  —  R.  Br.  in  Parry,  1st  Voy.  Suppl. 

to  App.  267,  t.  A,  Flora,  vii.  pt.  1,  Beilage  73,  *&  Misc.  Works,  i.   VXi;  Beuth. 

&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  78  ;   Prantl,  1.  c.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 
*  Septum  fenestrate. 

E.  Edwardsii,  K.  Br.  11.  cc.  Glabrous  root  thick,  fleshy,  perpendiruhir  stems  one  t^j 
several,  decumbent  or  nearly  erect,  1  to  8  inches  high :  leaves  entire,  ovate,  mostly  rounded 
at  the  base  and  obtusish  at  the  apex;  the  radical  and  lowest  cauline  upon  jietioles  often  two 
or  three  times  as  long  as  the  blade;  the  upper  cauline  sessile  or  nearly  ,so:  flowers  siiiall, 
pale  purple  or  white,  at  first  densely  crowded :  fruiting  raceme  elongated  ;  pedicels  erect  or 
ascending,  about  2  lines  long  ;  the  cajjsule  lauce-oblong,  about  4  lines  in  length  —  Hook,  in 
Parry,  2d  Voy.  App.  267,  t.  A,  &  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  67;  C.  A.  Mey.  iu  Ledeb.  Fl.  Alt.  iii. 
163;  Ledeb.  Ic.  t.  258,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  112.  SmelousUa  rinerca,  Walpers,  Kej>.  i.  171, 
in  part.  Draba  (?)  lirvKjatn,  Cham.  &  Schlecht,  Liun^a,  i.  25.  SisipitbiiniH  Kdicardsii, 
Trautv.  Act.  Hort.  Petr.  i.  .59.  —  Crevices  of  rocks,  Digges  Island.  Hudson  Bar,  BtU,  to 
the  Arctic  Ocean,  from  CJrinnell  Land,  Greet y  Expcd.,  to  Alaska.     (Siberia.) 

E.  (OEschscholtzianum,  Uouinson,  n.  sp.     Root  .slender,  somewhat  fibrou.s-l)ranche<l. 
bearing  at  its  apex  one  or  more  elongating  rhizomes  covered  with  the  subulate  ba-sw  of  old 
petioles:    leaves  clustered    at  the  ends  of  the   rhizomes,  sjtatuhite,  long-i>etinl;itc.  entire, 
obtuse  or  roimded ;  scapes  half  inch  to  two  inches  higli,  naked  beluw  but  bearing  ju.st  under 
the  inflorescence  an  involucre  of  2  to  4  approximate  lancoolntc  foli.-iroous  bracts:    flowers 
small,  corymbose,  white:   fruit  ase])tate ;    seeds  adhering  to  the  placenta-  long  (mimefimon 
months)  after  the  falling  of  the  valves.  —  Aphrniimus  Esrhsoholtzinnus,  Andr/.  in  DC.  rnnlr. 
i.  210.     Oreas  involiicnila,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  Linn.<ea,  i.  .30,  t.  1.     />' 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  83,  ace.  to  Wats.  BiM.  Index.  51.  — An  inter 
known  jdaiit  growing  in  loose  stony  .soil,  on  mountains  of  rn.ila.^ka,  ' 
Aleutian  Islands,  Andrzejowski .     The  aflinities  a]>])Par  to  bo  with  the  prf.siKi   ueii;;.»  ,;i.< 
suggested  by  Robert  Brown  ace.  to  Hook.   Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  6S).  nither  than   with   llra<n. 
Although  the  involucral  leaves  are  exceptional,  satisfactory  flower-  or  fruiu-hnnuters  for 
the  separation  of  this  species  as  a  roonotypic  genus  have  not  yet  U^en  found. 
*   *   Se|)tum  imperfor.ite. 

E.  (?)  Labradoricum,  Tikcz.  Dwarf,  scarcely  2  inches  high:  stcnm  (Military  or  ncveral. 
l-fcwH(.\v.'nil.  spriii-iiiL'   from  the  nodes  of  an   oblique  rhizome;    Icaveu  entire,  orat«. 


136  CRUCIFER.E.  Eutnma. 

acutisli ;  the  cauline  1  to  2,  mostly  petiolate,  rarely  oue  of  them  sessile :  fruit  narrowly 
linear,  many  times  exceeding  the  pedicel-  septum  complete.  —  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  x.xvii. 
pt.  2,  305  ;  Wats.  Hihl.  Iiidex,  64.  —  Labrador.  A  species  not  seen  by  the  writer,  and  per- 
haps to  be  referred  to  Brui/a.  Tlie  description  is  condensed  from  that  of  Tui'czaninow. 
B.  arenicola,  Kichakds.  Glabrous,  iialf  inch  to  two  or  three  inches  hi^h :  stems  several, 
springing  from  a  slender  elongating  branching  rhizome  •.  leaves  spatulate,  sleuder-petioled, 
chiefly  clustered  at  the  base,  obtuse,  entire  or  nearly  so ;  the  cauline  two  or  three :  flowers 
purplish:  pods  linear-ublong ;  stigma  nearly  cajiitate;  septum  imperforate,  sometimes 
obscurely  nerved.  —  Richards,  in  Hook.  Fl.  Eor.-Am.  i.  67,  t.  24;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  112. 
Smeloivskia  cinerea,  C.  A.  Mey.  1.  c.  171,  in  part.  Purri/d  areuicola,  Hook.  f.  Arct.  PI.  28.5, 
315;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  67. —  In  sand  on  the  shores  of  Arctic  America  between  107° 
and  150°  west  long.,  Rick<irdson,  Franklin,  Back;  Glovonin  Bay,  Alaska,  Muir ;  Grinnell 
Land  ?    Grceli/. 

26.  SMEL6WSKIA,  C.  a.  Meyer.  (Professor  T.  Smclowski,  a  hotaiiist 
of  St.  Petersburg,  who  died  181  o.)  — Low  and  cespitose  perennials,  canescent 
with  fine  stellately  branclied  liairs  and  sometimes  suffrutescent  below.  Leaves 
pinnatifid  or  bipinnatifid,  rarely  some  of  them  entire.  Flowers  small,  white, 
pale  yellow,  or  purplish  tinged.  Two  species  are  natives  of  Vi.  N.  America,  the 
others  of  mountainous  districts  in  Central  Asia.  —  Mey.  in  I^edeb.  Fl.  Alt.  iii. 
1G5;  Ledeb.  Ic.  t.  151;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  79;  Pranil.  1.  c.  192.  [By 
B.  L.  Robinson.] 

S.  calycina,  C.  A.  Meyer.  Very  variable  in  foliage,  finely  stellatc-]mbcscent  and  usually 
cincreous-villous  with  longer  simple  hairs:  caudex  stout,  branched,  clothed  Mith  the  scaly 
bases  of  former  leaves:  leaves  soft  in  texture,  usually  deeply  pinnatifid,  with  2  to  several 
pairs  of  linear  to  obovate  obtuse  segments  and  a  terminal  one  of  similar  shape  and  size ; 
rarely  a  few  of  the  radical  leaves  oblanceolate,  quite  entire :  stems  several,  an  inch  to  a  span 
high :  racemes  at  first  dense  and  subcorymbose,  but  becoming  elongated  in  fruit ;  pedicels 
ascending  or  erect,  villous  as  well  as  the  narrow  sepals:  petals  exserted,  with  a  broad 
patulous  rounded  blade,  white  or  nearly  so,  about  2  lines  in  length :  capsule  usually  lanceo- 
late, attenuate  at  each  end  (but  very  variable,  occasionally  short  and  obovate),  tipped  with 
a  short  slender  style,  and  capitate  obscurely  2-lobed  stigma;  seeds  few.  — Mey.  1.  c.  170; 
Gray,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  186;3,  58;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  24.  Hutchinsin  cali/clim,  Desv. 
Jour.  Bot.  iii.  168  (1814);  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  \.  58,  t.  17,  f.  B.  II.  calf/clna,\aT.  Jmerifnna, 
Regel  &  Herder,  PI.  Seminov.  ii.  145.  —  Mountain  slopes,  often  at  considerable  altitudes, 
Colorado  to  N.  Central  California,  and  northward  to  Alaska.     (Siberia.) 

S.  Fremontii,  Watson.  Less  canescent:  foliage  more  finely  divided  and  niiuli  more 
rigid  in  texture:  leaves  all  pinnate ;  segments  narrow,  linear,  bristle-tipped  and  imngcnt ; 
sepals  ovate  or  oblong,  glabrous :  petals' white  pedicels  ascending  or  spreading,  smooth: 
capsules  linear,  tetragonal,  4  to  5  lines  long,  tipped  with  a  short  style  ;  seeds  rather  numer- 
ous. —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  123  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  42.  Brai/a  pectimila,  (Jreene, 
Erythea,  iii.  69,  as  to  character  and  habitat.  —  A  very  distinct  species,  but  apparently  to  be 
referred  to  this  genus.  Growing  on  hills  and  in  mountain  valleys  of  N.  California,  Lemmon, 
Mrs.  Austin,  Miss  Plummer,  and  Oregon,  Fremont,  Howell,  Cusick. 

27.  SISYMBRIUM,  Tourn.  Hedge  Mustard.  (Name  from  the 
ancient  Greek  aicrviJ./3pLov,  which  designated  some  pungent  plant,  not  certiiiidy 
identified.) — A  large  and  somewhat  heterogeneous  group,  of  late  considerably 
divided  by  various  authors.  The  genus  Alliaria,  through  its  strikingly  dift'erent 
habit,  may  well  be  separated.  Stenophragma,  on  the  other  hand,  if  extended  as 
suggested  by  Prantl,  loses  its  sharpness  of  definition,  both  as  to  habit  and  tech- 
nical character.  Deseurainia,  if  confined  to  S.  Sophia  and  its  allies,  undoubtedly 
forms  a  natural  and  homogeneous  group  ;    but  satisfactory  technical  characters 


Sisi/inhrinin.  CUL'CIFKILE.  137 

have  not  yet  been  found  to  rxclndc  from  it  various  species  of  western  and  Mexi- 
can Sisi/iiibria  witli  branelied  hairs,  but  nujeh  less  divided  folia;,'e,  and  couuecliug 
with  others  of  South  America  still  more  nearly  of  the  Ensisi/mhrium  tvpe.  The 
pubescence,  which  if  all  species  of  both  continents  are  considered  passes  from 
simple  or  occasionally  forked  hairs  to  dense  stellation,  fails  to  give  a  reullv  butiii- 
factory  generic  distinction.  In  view  of  the  paucity  of  good  technical  characttTs 
for  its  subdivision,  it  seems  best  therefore  to  retain  the  genus  in  its  compreheu- 
sive  sense,  the  closer  allinities  of  its  si)ecies  being  more  conveniently  and  ju^t  as 
clearly  indicated  by  subgenera  and  sections.  Sharp  limitation  from  Thelyiiodium 
is  most  difficult.  The  orientation  of  the  stigma-lobes,  brought  forward  by  Prantl, 
is  unsatisfactory,  since  the  stigma  is  so  nearly  circular  in  many  species  of  both 
genera  that  distinction  is  impossible,  and  in  at  least  one  species  (  T.  eleyans)  of 
obvious  thelypodioid  habit  and  affinities,  the  stigma-lobes  lie  over  the  placenta-. 
The  color  of  tlie  flower  ranges  from  white  to  yellow  in  Sisjiinbrinni  (as  lu-re 
limited)  and  in  Tliehjpodium  from  cream-color  to  deep  purple  (in  the  exce|ititMial 
T.  aureum,  deep  yellow).  The  problematic  S.  salsiujlnvuin.  Pall.,  with  glabrous 
entire  cordate-clasping  leaves,  purplish  Howers,  and  undivided  stigma,  may  well 
be  referred  to  Thehjpodium,  from  which  it  appears  to  be  distinguished  only  liy 
its  small  size  and  slender  habit.  —  Inst.  22o,  t.  lO'J  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  .'»I7  ;  DC". 
Syst.  ii.  458;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  t.  72-80;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  l.Jl, 
t.  G4  ;  Fournier,  Recherches  sur  Fam.  Crucif.  et  Gen.  Sisymb.  Desrurninin  &, 
Pachypodium,  Webb  &  Berth.  Phyt.  Can.  i.  72,  74.  Slciiop/iraynia,  Celak.  Fhjra, 
1872,  438.     [By  B.  L.  Ronixsox.] 

§  1.  Velauum,  DC.  vSiliipies  subulate,  tapering  almost  from  the  base  to  the 
apex:  stigma  slightly  2-lobed  :  pubescence  of  simple  hairs  :  haves  pinnatilid. — 
Syst.  ii.  459.  C/iamceplium,  Wallr.  Sched.  Crit.  i.  37(J.  —  An  Old  World  tyi>e 
represented  in  America  by  a  single  species  widely  introduced. 

S.  OFFICINALE,  Scop.  (Hedoe  MuSTAiiD.)  Slcudcr,  erect,  soniewliat  liirsiito  near  the  bx-H*. 
less  frequently  pubescent  throughout:  leaves  slender-pet  iolei  I ;  sej^nient.s  ttHJtheil ;  tln^ 
uppermost  leaves  narrow,  lanceolate,  subentire  or  hastate  at  ilie  b;uie :  racemes  spicifuriu 
and  with  2  to  7  divaricately  spreading  l)ranchcs:  flowers  small.  ])ale  yellow  :  jxkIs  on  very 
short  erect  pedicels.  —  Fl.  Cam.  ed.  2,  ii.  26;  Torr.  &  (iray,  Fl  i.  IM  ;  Heiclienli.  Ic.  Kl. 
Germ.  ii.  t.  72.  ?  S.  Nldf/nreiise,  V>mru.  Si.^ym!>.  S'\  _fi<lfi  (Jray,  Am  Jour  Sci.  .«er.  2,  xiii. 
278.  Eri/simum  officinnlc,  L.  Spec.  ii.  OGO. —  Hoadsides  and  wasti'  jdaces,  very  cunnnun. 
(Nat.  from  Eu.) 

§  2.  EusiSYMBRiiM,  Gren.  &  Godr.  Leafy-stemmed  :  sllitpjcs  cylindrical, 
prismatic,  or  tapering  both  ways :  stigma  usually  slightly  bilid :  pub«'scence  of 
simple  hairs  or  none,  never  glandular:  leaves  entire  to  pinnatilitl.  —  Fl.  Fr.  i.  '.••'). 

S.  ALTfssiMUM,  L.  (used  comiirchensively  to  include  .'^.  itiii(ii>lstniin,  Cranf/..  i<:  ."^.  Pnit- 
nnnicuin,  Jacq.),  witJi  runcinate-i)innatilid  leaves  and  long  firm  spreading  jiods  (at  maturity  3  or 
4  inclies  in  length),  is  .'scarcely  more  tlian  a  l)alla.stweed.  about  tlie  large  cities  of  the  Atl.intic 
seaboard  ;  but  has  been  fomid  occurring  .sparingly  in  S.  .Mi!v<i>nri,  liusli.     (.\dv.  fnun  Kn.) 

S.  lufo,  L.,  with  runcinate  ]tinnatifid  leaves  and  .^lender  junis  of  delicnto  texture  (aJMUit  an 
incl)  and  a  half  in  lengtli),  is  sal. I  to  be  locally  established  in  some  j.arts  of  the  S.  K.  Atlantic 
States.     (Adv.  from  Kii.) 

*  Leaves  lyrately  or  rnn.inalely  pinnatilid,  pcliolate  ;  peli.-les  with  auriculal*-  slipuliforiu 
ajipendages  at  tlie  liase. 


138  CRUCIFERJii.  Sisi/inbrium. 

S.  axirioiolatlim,  Gray.  Erect,  1  to  3  feet  high,  branched,  somewhat  hirsute  or  hispid 
below  with  scattered  hairs :  leaves  3  to  6  inches  long;  segments  triangular  or  oblong, 
toothed  or  more  frequently  entire;  the  upper  segments  opposite;  the  lower  reduced  and 
scattered  upon  the  slender  petioles :  racemes  becoming  elongated  ;  fruiting  pedicels  divari- 
cate, 3  to  5  lines. long:  flowers  small,  white  or  nearly  so:  siliijues  15  to  20  lines  long, slender, 
widely  spreading,  often  curved.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  8,  &  ii.  12;  Fourn.  Sisymb.  102.  Theh/po- 
dium  uuriculatum,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  321  ;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  ii. 
15.  —  Moimtain  valleys  of  W.  Texas,  Wright,  Havard ;  fl.  March  to  July.  (Mex.,  Gregg, 
Palmer,  Pringle.)  The  2-lobed  stigma  with  lobes  lying  over-  the  placeutai  argues  for  the 
present  restoration  of  this  species  to  Sisymbrium. 

*  *  Leaves  (at  least  the  cauline)  entire,  sessile  by  a  sagittate-clasping  base. 

S.  (?)  Vaseyi,  Watson,  in  herb.  Tall,  erect,  glabrous,  probably  glaucous,  branching  above  : 
leaves  oblong,  acutish,  2  to  4  inches  long,  lialf  inch  broad :  flowers  small,  white  or  nearly  so, 
in  numerous  short  racemes  together  forming  an  open  corymbose  panicle :  pedicels  short, 
spreading:  pods  terete,  erect,  8  to  12  lines  long. —  Thelyjmdium  I  a.scyj,  Coulter,  Contrib. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  30,  &  ii.  15,  t.  1,  as  to  plant  of  Vasey.  (The  plate  is  confused,  the  fruit- 
ing branch  being  evidently  of  Neally's  plant  and  distinct.)  — Mountains  west  of  Las  Vegas, 
New  Mexico,  G.  Ii.  Vasey,  1881,  nos.  29,  4L  A  little  known  plant  of  thelypodioid  habit  but 
with  the  short  round  buds,  short  anthers,  and  placeutai  stigma-lobes  of  Sisymbrium. 

*  *  *  Leaves  entire  or  with  one  or  two  teeth  or  lobes  (very  rarely  pinnatifid),  subsessile 
by  a  cuneate  base.  ^ 

S.  linifolium,  Nutt;  Perennial,  slightly  woody  at  the  base,  quite  glabrous :  stems  several, 
.slender,  terete,  erect,  flexuous :  leaves  narrowly  oblanceolate  or  oblong  to  linear,  thicki.sli, 
1  to  3  inches  long  :  flowers  4  lines  long,  yellow :  pods  slender,  spreading,  curved  upwards, 
1  to  \l  inches  long,  half  line  in  thickness;  pedicels  3  lines  in  length.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  91,  667.  S.  junceum.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  61 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  91  ;  not 
Biebers.  Nasturtium  linifolium  &  }>umilum,  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad.  Philad.  vii.  12.  Erysimum 
('i)glaberrimum.  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  323.  —  Colorado,  Jones,  and  Wyoming,  Parry,  to 
S.  Brit.  America,  Macoun ;  Washington,  Suksdorf;  Oregon,  Howell  Bros.,  to  N.  Arizona, 
Palmer;  fl.  May  to  August. 

§  3.  Descurea,  C.  a.  Meyer  (extended).  Pubescence  branched,  rarely 
glandular,  very  rarely  none:  stigma  small,  entire.  —  Mey.  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Alt.  iii. 
13;3.     Descurainia,  Webb  «&  Berth.  Phyt.  Can.  i.  72  (as  to  §  Sophia). 

*  Cauline  leaves  entire  or  nearly  so,  sessile,  sagittate-amplexicaul. 
S.  virgatum,  Nutt.  A  cinereous-tomentose  biennial,  6  to  15  inches  high,  often  branched 
from  the  base  :  radical  leaves  numerous,  rosulate,  oblong,  toothed,  obtuse,  petiolate  :  fruiting 
pedicels  spreading,  3  to  5  lines  long:  siliques  8  to  14  lines  in  length,  erect,  —  Nutt.  in  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  93 ;  Fourn.  1.  c.  105;  Gray,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1863,  57;  Coulter,  Man. 
Rocky  Mt.Reg.  23.  —  Rocky  Mountains  of  Colorado  and  W^yoming,  northward  to  Brit. 
America,  from  Wood  Mt.  to  Medicine  Hat,  Macoun.  The  northern  specimens  are  more 
paniculately  branched  ;  fl.  early  summer. 

S.  I'ATciFLORUM,  Nutt.  1.  c,  of  the  same  region,  described  as  a  biennial  with  branched  pubes- 
cence, white  flowers,  and  long  pendulous  siliques,  has  always  been  obscure,  and  appears  to  have 
been  founded  upon  immature  specimens  of  Arabis  canesrens. 

*  *  Cauline  leaves  more  or  less  undulate-dentate  or  pinnatifid  with  broad  rounded  seg- 
ments, not  clasping :  capsules  attenuate,  pubescent. 

S.  diffusum,  Gray.  Tall  and  slender,  diffusely  branched,  cinereous-tomentose :  stem 
terete,  leafy,  often  flexuous  above :  petioles  short ;  the  upper  leaves  subsessile  :  petals  white, 
2^  lines  in  length  ;  fruiting  pedicels  nearly  horizontal :  pods  widely  spreading,  almost  divari- 
cate, rarely  suberect;  midrib  of  the  septum  very  broad.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  8;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex. 
Bound.  33;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  30,  &  ii.  16.  —  Mountains  and  rocky  hUls  of 
W.  Texas,  //am;c/;  New  Mexico,  Wright;  S.  Arizona,  Lemmon ;  Coso  Mountains,  Calif., 
Coville  &  Fnnston.     (Chihuahua,  Pringle.) 

*  *   *  Leaves  pinnately  parted  with  narrow  segments,  or  hi-  to  tri-pinnatifid  (witii  seg- 
ments narrow  or  broad) :  capsules  glabrous,  obtuse  or  merely  acutish. 

•i-  Seeds  biseriate  in  each  cell. 


Sisymbrium.  CKICIKKK.E.  13g 

S.  canescens,  Xi  n.  ('I'ansy  Mistaui..)  Annual,  iin.Toim-tonu  iiIuIum-  t.,  pulvt-rulunU 
gl;ui(liil:u-  ..r  nucly  glahnite  an.l  Rreeu  :  li-aves  very  varial.lr,  alwavs  Hi.ely  .linMHU'd.  ihiu- 
uish,  and  deliiate:  se<,Mnents  small,  elliptual,  or  Kspwially  in  tlic  uppiT  l.-avt-H  linfar-«.lilun.' • 
racenu-s  one  to  several,  erect;  pedicels  3  to  5  lin.-.s  lonjjj.  spreudinj,' :  IIowith  Kiuall.tli-  h|Kim^ 
late  petals  eciualliug  or  somewhat  exceeiliug  the  short  .d.long  nepals :  capsule  4  to  ti  lin<<M 
lonj-:,  erect  or  ascending,  glabrous  or  neiu-ly  so;  seeds  roughened.  — (;.-n  ii.  r,8  ;  DC.  .Svi.t. 
ii.  475;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  152,  t.  64.  .S'.  Soj>/,i,i,  I'ursii.  Kl.  ii.  44(),  n.-t  Linn. ;  Gray.  i'r<K-. 
Acad.  Philad.  186.3,  57,  in  part.  S.  ljr,u/,,jcurj,<m,  Kidiards  in  Kranklin  iM.Joun'i  ed  I 
App.  744  (reprint,  p.  16).  N.  incnnum,  Bernh.  in  Im.scIi.  &  Mey.  Ind.  S.ni.  llort.  iVtri.p.' 
18;J5,  38  (Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  iv.  337).  6\  S„/,l,i,i,  var.  cunrscin's,  Hook.  Fl.  Antarct.  ii.  242. 
N.  cniiesrens,  var.  Iimc/iijairpum,  Wats.  Bihl.  Inde.x.  09.  S.  cunt  sans,  \nr.  alfHHt,,,  T.  \). 
A.  Cockerell,  Bull.  'Porr.  Clnh,  xviii.  168  (.so  far  its  the  l.rief  cliaracterizjitiou  shows).  S.],,,,. 
7iatu7n,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  .•$;»(),  not  Barn.  ICn/.sinium  i>inniil„,„,  U'alt.  Car. 
174.  Canhimincl  mn/li/idd,  I'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  440.  C./  .l//-;/c,r.s//,  J)C.  Syst.  ii.  267.  Xasiur- 
tium  limit ijidiim  &  Meuziesii,  Spreng.  Syst.  ii.  883.  Dtscurniniu  cniDsenis,  rrautl  in  Kngl.  & 
Prantl,  Nat.  I'fian/euf.  iii.  Ab.  2,  192.  D.  pinnatn,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  CJul»,  v.  I73._ 
Common  ami  widely  distributed,  Florida  to  S.  California,  northward  to  hit.  66°'accordiiig 
to  Macoun.  Tlie  numerous  forms  distinguished  by  Torr.  &  Gray  and  others  apjKiar  coin- 
]detely  confluent.     (Mex.) 

S.  Cumingianum,  Fiscn.  &  Mey.     Leaves  thicki,sh,  h-ss  finely  dL^-sected,  don.^elv  canes- 

ccut-tnmentose:  pods  longer,  more  .slender  and  acute,  finely  i)ubescent,  6  to  9  lines  long,  ou 

spreading  pedicels  of  similar  length.  — Ind.  Sem.  Hort.  "iVtrop.   1835,38;    Fouruier.  1.  c. 

63.  — Not  infre(iuent  in  canons,  &c.  of  New  Mexico,  \Viii//,t,  Cnciie,  and  Arizona.   Palmer, 

Rothrock.     (Adj.  Chihuahua,  Ilarlman;  S.  Am.)     The  typo  from  Chili  has  more  tinel.-  di.*^ 

seated  leaves,  but  is  connected  with  other  forms  of  Uruguay,  &c.,  closelv  like  our  own. ' 

•I-  -I-  Capsules  very  slender,  half  to  two  thirds  line  in  diameter;   seeds  uniseriate  iu  the 
cells  (or  obscurely  biseriate  in  short-podded  forms  of  S.  incisum). 
S.  S6phia,  L.     Slender  branching  annual  with  the  habit  of  the  preceding:    leaves  trij. innate 

with  small  linear  or  lance-linear  segments:  racemes  elongated,  especially  the  terminal  one; 

pedicels  filiform,  half  inch  long,  spreading :  sili(}ues  9  to  1 1  lines  long.  —  Spec.  ii.  659  ;  Torr! 

&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  92;    Hook.  f.  Arct.  Fl.  286,  319;    Wats.  &  Coulter  in  (irav.  "SUix.  ed.  6,  72. 

Descurainia  Sojihin,  Webb,  ace.  to  Prantl,  I.e.  —  In  certain  localities  sparing]  v  introduced. 

acroiss  the  continent,  more  common  in  Canada.     (Adv.  from  Eu) 

Var.  SOphioides,  Bkntii.  &  Hook.     Leaves  .somewhat  le.<s  finely  divided :  fruiting 

racemes  very  sliort  and  dense,  umbelliform  :    pods  an  inch  or  more  in  length. (ien.  i.  78; 

Trautv.  Act.   Hort.   IVtrop.  v.  25.      ^'.  So/ihui,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.   Linna-a,  i.  28.  not    I.. 

S.  SOphioides,  Fisch.  in  Hook.  FT.  Bor.-Am.  i.  61,  t.  20;    Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  92. —  Brit. 

America  from  Lake  Winnipeg,  Buck;  ace.  to  Macouu,  to  the  Arctic  Ocean.     (Kaintsch.. 

Siberia.) 

S.  incisum,  Engelm.  Delicate  annual,  subglabrous  or  more  froipientlv  finelv  glnndiilar- 
pul)erulent  or  stellate-tomentulose,  scarcely  canescent :  leaves  thin,  pimiatifid  to  i)ipinnalitid  ; 
segments  varying  greatly  in  contour;  racemes  elongated  ;  pedicels  2  t<t  3  lines  hmg.  spn-ad- 
ing,  exceeded  by  the  sharp-pointed  spreading  or  curved-asceniling  cap.<ules:  the  I.iiiit 
glabrous  or  nearly  .so.  —  Fngelm.  in  (iray,  I'l.  Fendl.  8 ;  Torr.  I'acif.  1{.  LN-p.  iv.  66 ;  FonrniiT. 
1.  c.  64.  ind.  var.  $,  /ii/i/ro/ihliuin  :  Hrew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  41.  Drsmminia  ii,r,s,i.  Mrit- 
ton.  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  173.  — The  typical  form  extends  from  New  Mexico  to  S  California 
and  northward  to  N.  Nevada  and  Winniiitg.  The  species  is  polymorphous  a.s  to  foliagi*. 
pubescence,  and  length  of  pods.     The  chief  varieties  are 

Var.  Hartwegianum,  Watson.  Leaves  pinnate;  the  leaflets  narrowly  oblong  or 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  and  obtu.scly  or  acutely  toothed  :  pods  short,  U  to  3  lines  in  length,  erwt. 
borne  upon  a.scending  (»r  aj)pre.s.sfd  pedicels  of  ecpial  length,  in  a  usually  crowd<Mi  raceme; 
seeds  sometimes  irregularly  biseriate.  —  Bot.  Calif,  i.  41.  S.  cttiifsrrns,  Henth.  I'l  llartw. 
9,  not  Nutt.  ?  .S".  ctini'sctiis,  var.  hreri/irs,  Torr.  &  (iray.  Fl.  i.  92.  .S  So/'hin.  (Jr.iy.  Froc. 
Acad.  Fhilad.  1863,  57.  in  part.  '  S.  I„;icl,,/r,iri,iim,  ilook.  &  Am.  Hot.  Me.-ch.'32:«  — . 
Colorado  to  Moo.se  .law,  Northwest  Territory,  ace.  to  .Maconn,  westward  and  .Houtliweftwartl. 
iS.  ('nliformrum,  Wats.  Hot.  King  Kxp.  23  (Smiloirshln  '  Cali/ornicti,  (Jir.\y,  I'mh*.  Am.  Arad. 
iv.  520),  is  merely  ;i  form  with  exce|itionally  short  capsule.H. 


140  CRUCIFER^.  Shi/mbrium. 

Var.  Sonnei,  Kobinson,  n.  var.  Leaves  deeply  bipinuatifid ;  piuuae  ovate  or  broadly 
oblong,  pinnules  very  short  and  broad,  rounded  at  the  ends :  pods  short,  on  moderately 
spreaSug  pedicels  (3  or  4  lines  in  length). —  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains  at  Truckee,  Calif., 
V.  F.  Sonne,  July,  1890,  no.  19. 

Var.  filipesrGRAV.     Foliage  more  nearly  of  the  type,  but  the  segments  of  the  upper 

leaves  tending  to  become  elongattnl,  linear,  and'  nearly  or  quite  entire:  fruiting  raceme  lax  ; 

pedicels  5  to  9  lines  lung:    capsules  5  to  7  lines  in  length.  — PI.  Fendl.  8;    Brew.  &  Wats. 

Bot.  Calif,  i.  41 ;    Macoun,  Cat.  Canad.  Tl.  47.     S.  hugepedicellatum,  Fournier,  1.  c.  59,  excl. 

syn.     S.  incisum,  var.  o,  xerophilum,  Fournier,  L  c.  64.  — Carson  City,  Nevada,  to  Oregon 

and  Brit.  Columbia.     Reported  by  various  collectors  from  S.  California,  but  specimens  so 

labelled  which  have  been  received  from  that  region  are  rather  to  be  referred  to  the  type. 

§  4.  Stenophr^gma,  Celak.  1.  c.  (as  genus).      Leaves  chiefly  rosulate  at  base, 

entire  or  serrate ;   those  of  the  stem  few  or  reduced,  sessile  by  a  narrow  base : 

pubescence  of  branched   hairs,   not   canescent:    flowers    small,  white:    siliques 

slender,  tetragonal-cylindric,  sleuder-pedicelled :    midrib  of  the  septum  so  broad 

and  thin  as  to  be  wholly  obscure. 

S.  Th.vliAnum,  Gay.  (Mouse-ear  Cress.)  A  slender  fibrous-rooted  annual,  a  span  high, 
more  or  less  branched :  leaves  oblanceolate,  obtuse,  an  inch  or  two  in  length :  pods  purplish, 
scarcely  half  inch  long  on  spreading  filiform  pedicels  of  nearly  equal  length.  —  Ann.  Sci. 
Nat.  ser.  1,  vii.  399,  in  note ;  Fournier,  1.  c.  126 ;  Gaud.  Fl.  Helv.  iv.  348.  Arahis  Thaliana, 
L.  Spec.  ii.  665;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  226.  Conrinrjia  TA((//«h(i,  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl  Germ.  ii.  t.  60. 
Stenophruijma  Thaliana,  Celak.  1.  c.  —  Frequent  in  dry  light  soil,  Massachusetts  to  Georgia 
and  westward  to  Kansas;  fl.  in  early  spring.  (Introd.  from  Eu.)  Mr.  Tliomas  Meehan  has 
found  the  earliest  flowers  sometimes  apetalous. 

28.  BRAYA,  Sternb.  &  Hoppe.  {Count  F.  G.  de  Bray,  born  at  Rouen, 
1765,  ambassador  to  Bavaria  and  while  there  for  some  time  president  of  the 
Regensburg  Botanical  Society.)  —Root  single,  usually  thickish,  bearing  a  multi- 
cipital  caudex.  Leaves  chiefly  tufted  at  the  base.  Flowers  white  or  puri)lish, 
during  anthesis  commonly  in  a  globular  head.  Fruit  sub-terete  or  somewhat 
compressed,  varying  in  outline  from  lanceolate  to  linear :  septum  of  peculiar  and 
characteristic  structure,  with  cells  thick-walled  and  elongated  transversely  or 
very  obliquely.  —  Regeusb.  Denkschr.  i.  pt.  1,  65;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  210;  Benth.  & 
Hook.  Gen.  i.*  82.  Plati/petalum,  R.  Br.  in  Parry  1st  Voy.  Suppl.  to  App. 
26G.  —  Arctic  and  alpine  plants  of  low  growth,  distinguished  from  Purri/a  chiefly 
by  their  smaller  flowers  and  incumbent  cotyledons,  from  the  still  more  nearly 
related  Eutrema  by  the  less  leafy  stems,  less  ancipital  pods,  larger  and  usually 
bifid  stigma,  as  well  as  by  the  branched  pubescence  and  complete  septum  of 
peculiar  structure.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

B.  purpurascens,  Bunge.  Perennial  from  a  stout  fusiform  root:  leaves  fleshy,  spatu- 
late,  entire,  glabrate,  often  ciliate  toward  the  base,  crowded  upon  the  dense  multicipital 
caudex :  stems  one  to  several,  usually  leafless,  half  inch  to  three  or  four  inches  in  height, 
commonly  more  or  less  puberulent  with  rusty  branched  hairs :  pods  lanceolate  or  short- 
oblong,  stvle  slender,  nearlv  half  line  in  length ;  stigma  shortly  but  distinctly  2-lobed.  — 
Bunge  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  195.  B.  ulpina  of  autliors  as  to  Am.  pi.  so  far  as  specimens 
show,  not  of  Sternb.  &  Hoppe,  which  has  more  slender  p<jds  in  denser  raceme,  shorter  styles, 
and  more  entire  stigma.  B.  nlpmn,  var.  Americana,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  65  ;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  1 11.  B.  glabella,  Richards,  in  Franklin  1st  Jour.  ed.  1,  App.  743  (reprint,  p.  15), 
a  fori'n  with  somewhat  leafy  stem  and  more  elongated  fruiting  raceme.  B.  arctica.  Hook, 
in  Parry,  2d  Voy.  App.  387.  B.  alplna,  var.  glabella,  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  51 .  Plafijpetalum 
purpwas'cevs,  S^-P.  dublum,  R.  Br.  in  Parry,  1st  Voy.  Suppl.  to  App.  267,  &  Flora,  vii.  pt.  1, 
Beil.  71,  72.  —  Rocky  Mountains,  lat  52°  to  57°,  Drummwul,  and  Hudson  Strait,  Bell,  to  the 
Arctic  Sea.     (Greenland,  N.  Asia,  Spitzbergen.) 


Trojndocarjnim.  CKUCIFKlLi:.  Ml 

B.  pilosa,  Hook.  IVrcmiiiil,  similar  in  lial.it  to  scapnse  furins  of  the  i.rocc<liiip  sj.orios  : 
leaves  densely  clustered  at  the  hase,  linear-lanceolate,  pilose  ujioii  hotli  surfaces  and  inar;,'in, 
chiefly  with  simple  hairs:  flowers  considerahly  larger  than  in  the  ht-^t,  fragrant  (od..r  said' 
to  resemble  that  of  the //7(;r).  —  Fl.  Bor.-Ani.  i  65,  t.  17;  Torr.  &  Crav,  l-l.  i.  Ill;  Seem. 
Bot.  Herald,  51.  1  /?.  rosea,  Bunge,  Del.  Seni.  Dorp.  I83'J  ([.iniiiea,  Lit.-Ber.  1840,  1 IH).  — 
"Sandy  shores  of  the  Arctic  vSea  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mackenzie  I{iver,"  Dr.  Ui.'hanhon ; 
coast  west  of  Cape  Bathurst,  Pulltn,  ace.  to  Scemann. 

B.  humilis,  Hohixsov,  h.  sp.  I'uhescent  throughout  with  hrauched  hairs:  root  single,  not 
strongly  thickened  :  stems  .several,  si)reading-asceniling,  simple  or  not  infreijuentlv  l.ranclied, 
leafy,  2  inches  to  a  sjjan  high,  terete,  slender,  wiry  :  leaves  linear-oblong  or  spatulate,  sul>^ 
entire  to  shallowly  sinuate-pinnatifid,  chiefly  basal ;  the  eauline  rather  small  and  remote: 
flowers  small,  white  or  purplish  :  potls  linear,  terete,  more  or  le.ss  torulo.se,  erect.  5  to  'J  lines 
in  length;  septum  nerveless.  —  .SIsijmbrinm  hiimile,  C.  A.  .Mey.  in  I.edeb.  Fl.  Alt.  iii.  i;}7  ; 
Fournier,  Sisyml).  i;5G;  Ledeb.  Ic.  t.  147.  Arnhis  jietni tt.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  4:i ;  (;rav,' 
]Man.  eds.^  1-5;  not  Lam.. /(VA;  Wats.  Bot.  Gaz.  xii.  200.  —  Willoughby  Mt.,  Vermont!  Mmin, 
Dcmie,  Grout  &  J'Ji/i/lfstnn,  &e. ;  Anticcsti,  Pursh,  Macoim,  to  Oregon,  and  northward  to 
Alaska,  6'/o«ey.  (Siberia.)  A  species  in  habit,  pubescence,  and  technical  characters  (jniie 
as  near  IJrui/a  as  Sisyinbrium,  and  possessing  the  characteristic  septum  of  the  former  genus. 
Dr.  Watson  iu  an  herbarium  note  has  expressed  the  opinion  tiiat  the  American  plant  is 
distinct  from  the  Asiatic,  but  in  what  characters  does  not  aj.pear. 

29.  TROPIDOCARPUM,  Hook.  (Tp6m,,  keel,  and  Kap7r6,,  fruit,  from 
the  carinate  valves  of  the  capsules.)  —  A  small  Califoruian  genus  of  slender  erect 
simple  or  sparingly  branched  more  or  less  hirsute-pubescent  annuals,  reduci- 
ble to  three  species.  —  Ic.  t.  4.'5,  52;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  82 ;  Davidson, 
Erythea,  ii.  179.  —  The  fruit  in  T.  duhium  and  T.  cap-pandmm  is  highly 
anomalous,  even  to  the  suggestion  of  monstrosity,  and  merits  anatomical  and 
developmental  study  with  more  copious  material.  Aside  from  the  fruit,  satis- 
factory characters  for  specific  distinction  are  most  difficult  to  define.  The  leaf- 
outline,  pubescence,  length  of  pedicels,  size  of  flowers,  &:c.,  all  vary  gre:itlv  but 
as  it  seems  independently  of  each  other.     [I>y  1>.  L.  Robinson.] 

T,  gracile,  Hook.  Leaves  shallowly  or  deeply  pinnatifid  ;  .segments  acutish,  cleft  or  entire, 
very  variable  in  number,  form,  and  size  ;  the  eauline  leaves  gradually  reduced  ;  the  spread- 
ing jiedicels  axillary,  3  to  10  lines  long:  pods  lance-linear  to  linear,  strongly  obcomjires.sed 
throughout;  style  slender ;  seeds  in  2  rows. —  Hook.  1.  c.  t.  43  ;  Torr.  &  Grav,  Fl.  i.  94; 
Torr.  I'acif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  66;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  44.  T .  scahriuscultim.  Hook.  Ic. 
t.  52  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c,  ouly  a  roughish  form.  —  Centr.  and  S.  California,  chiefly  near  the 
coast.  The  septum  of  the  fruit,  not  found  by  Hooker,  appears  to  be  regularlv  present. 
although  very  narrow. 

?  T.  dubium,  Davidsox,  1.  c.  Closely  similar  in  habit  and  foliage  to  forms  of  the  preced- 
ing: capsule  linear,  2-celled  and  strongly  obcompres.sed  toward  the  apex,  but  1 -celled  and 
with  valves  flattened  below;  both  parts  fertile;  placentae  2.  —  W.  California  in  vicinity  of 
Los  Angeles,  iVeiv«,  Dariclsoii ;  and  Contra  Costa  Co.  at  Antioch.  Branfierjee  (collected 
with  T.  (/racih);  Byron  Springs,  Braudcfjee  (collected  with  T.  fjnirilc  am\  T.  cnpparidtum). 

?T.  capparideum,  Grisene.  p'oliage  mtich  as  in  T.  qrarile ;  the  upper  leaves  somewhat 
more  deeply  parted  and  with  longer  subentire  segments:  fruit  lance-oblong,  8  to  11  lines  in 
length,  2  lines  in  breadth,  1 -celled,  O-nerved,  4-valverl,  tipped  with  a  slender  .style;  placentie 
commonly  4,  and  seeils  distinctly  4-seriate.  —  Pittonia.  i.  217,  &  Fl.  Franci.s.  278.  —  Alkaline 
soil,  Centr.  California,  at  Lathrop,  Lrmmnn,  and  Bvrnn  Springs,  Greenv,  lirniidrqrr.  The 
fruit  of  this  noteworthy  plant  is  not  only  annm.alous  iu  the  order,  but  nianife.<sts  a  tendency 
to  vary,  being  sometimes  diviiled,  sometimes  .a.ssuming  contorted  forms,  and  commonly  con- 
taining a  small  capsule-like  structure  at  the  ba.se,  as  described  and  figured  by  Ma-^ters.  (^iril. 
Chron.  New  (2d)  Ser.  xvii.  II,  f.  1.  However,  many  apparently  fertile  siiecimens  have 
been  collected,  and  the  species  must  lie  retained  .at  lea.st  until  the  de^el<>p^nent  of  the  frnii 
can  have  more  careful  siudv. 


142  CRUCIFER^.  Greggia, 

30.  GRfiG-G-IA,  Gray.  (Dedicated  to  Dr.  Josiah  Gregg,  an  active  botauical 
explorer,  who  lived  iu  the  first  half  of  the  century,  and  collected  chiefly  in 
Northern  Mexico.)  — A  genus  essentially  of  the  S.  W.  United  States,  a  single 
species  being  South  American.  Branching  plants,  somewhat  frutescent  at  base. 
—  PI.  Wright,  i.  8,  t.  1.  «&  ii.  13,  also  referred  to  but  unnamed  in  PI.  Fendl. 
IIG;  Benth.  «fe  Hook.  Gen.  i.  80;  Prantl,  1.  c.  193;  not  of  Gairtn.  nor  p:iigelm. 
Parrasia,  Greene,  Erythea,  iii.  75,     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

G.  camporum,  Gray.  Stellate-canescent,  rauch  branched  from  tlie  base,  a  span  to  a  foot 
high,  leafy  :  leaves  obovate  to  obhuiceolate,  shallowly  few-toothed,  or  less  frequently  pinna- 
tilid,  narrowed  to  a  slender  base  or  winged  petiole :  racemes  terminal,  at  first  dense,  becom- 
ing lax  ;  pedicels  widely  spreading,  often  curved  downward,  2  to  6  lines  long:  flowers  liglit 
yellow,  changing  to  purple :  sepals  linear  or  oblong-lanceolate,  exceeded  by  the  broad  petals 
(4  lines  long):  capsule  6  to  12  lines  iu  length,  \\  to  2\  lines  broad,  straight  or  curved 
upwards. —ri.  Wright,  i.  9,  t.  1,  &  ii.  13;  Torr.  &  Gray,  I'acif.  R.  Uep.  ii.  \b^;  Torr.  Bot. 
Mex.  Houud.  37  ;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  20.  Parrasia  campoj-um,  Greene, 
1.  c.  —  Dry  talde-lands  and  calcareous  hills  of  S.  W.  Texas. 

Var.  angustifolia,  Coulter,  1.  c.  Leaves  narrower,  linear  to  linear-oblong,  entire 
or  sul)eutire.  —  Occurring  with  aud  passiug  freely  into  the  type.  Abundant  material  of  the 
narrow-leaved  form  seems  to  show  a  complete  transition  to  G.  linearifolla,  Wats.  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  xvii.  321  {Parrasia  linearifolia,  Greene,  1.  c),  which  can  scarcely  be  maintained  as 
a  species,  since  equally  narrow  pods  and  short  styles  are  to  be  found  with  typical  foliage  of 
G.  camporum. 

31.  HfiSPERIS,  Tourn.  Rocket.  ("Eo-Trepa,  evening,  the  flowers  being 
thought  more  fragrant  at  that  time.)  —  Attractive  plants  with  flowers  large  and 
showy  for  the  order  and  sometimes  fragrant.  Natives  of  the  northern  temperate 
regions  of  the  Old  World.  — Inst.  222,  t.  108;  L.  Gen.  no.  588;  DC.  Prodr. 
i.  188;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  t.  57-59. — One  species  often  cultivated 
in  country  gardens  has  become  locally  established  in  America.  [By  B.  L. 
Robinson.] 

H,  matronAlis,  L.  (Dame's  Violet.)  Tall  erect  pubescent  liiennial  or  perennial  with 
slender  terete  subsimple  stem :  leaves  lancetdate,  acuminate,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acutish, 
denticulate ;  the  upper  short-petiolcd  or  subsessile ;  the  lower  long-petioled  and  sometimes 
piniiatifid  toward  the  base:  petals  purple,  8  to  10  lines  long,  much  exceeding  tiie  erect 
oblong  sepals:  capsules  slender,  a*:cending,  nodulose,  attenuate,  becoming  4  inches  in 
length.—  Spec.  ii.  663;  Hook.  Fl.  I?or.-Am.  i.  59;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  90;  Wats.  &  Coulter 
in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  71.-—  Hoadsides  &c. ;  fl.  April  to  August.     (lutrod.  from  Eu.,  Asia.) 

32.  ERYSIMUM,  Tourn.  Treacle  Mi  stard.  (Classic  Greek  epvo-i/xoi/, 
the  name  of  a  garden  plant.)  —  A  large  genus,  chiefly  of  the  Old  World,  here 
combined  with  CheirantJnis,  from  which  it  has  been  commonly  but  very  unsatis- 
factorily separated  by  its  supposedly  incumbent  cotyledons,  the  accumbent  posi- 
tion being  a.ssuraed  for  the  latter  genus.  However,  as  the  cotyledons  are  not 
infrequently  oblique  and  in  some  cases  even  vary  from  almost  accumbent  to  in- 
cumbent in  the  seeds  of  the  same  capsule,  this  character  cannot  form  a  basis  for 
generic  division  in  the  presence  of  much  habital  similarity  and  default  of  other 
technical  differences.  —Inst.  228,  t.  Ill  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  545  ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  490,  & 
Prodr.  i.  196  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  149,  t.  G3  ;  Reichenb.  le.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  t.  62-70 ; 
Gay,  Erys.  Nov.  Diag.  ;  Benth.  &  TTnr.k    G.n.  i.  79  ;  Prantl,  1.  c.      Cheimvlhus 


Erysimum.  CIILX'IFER.E.  143 

L.  Gen.   no.  537;    DC.  Syst.  ii.  178;    Roiclienb.  1.  c.  t.  4.');    Bontli.  &  Hook. 
1.  c.  08;  Prantl,  1.  c.  TJl.      [By  B.  L.  Koiunson.] 

*  Flowers  small :  jictals  2  to  2.1  lines  loii;^,  yclluw:  siliques  siibtcn-to,  slmrt,  ;')  tn  \()  lines  in 
Icnixth  :  rotyleduus  incumbent  or  nearly  so. 

E.  Cheiranthoides,  L.  (Woum-skeu  Mlstakd.)  stem  .«len.ler,  erect,  nearly  tercto, 
quite  .simple  or  more  frecjuently  copiously  liranclied  above  :  leaves  laiKXM^late,  acute  at  each 
end,  entire  or  remotely  and  inconspicuously  denticulate,  l.j,  to  .'3  inciies  lonf^,  tliin,  i^jreeu 
upon  both  sides,  very  finely  pubescent ;  hair.s  mostly  trifid :  fruitint^  |)edicel.s  straiglit,  fili- 
form, widely  spreading!;,  about  4  lines  long:  capsule  erect  or  spreading,  glal)rous,  tijjped  with 
a  slender  but  very  short  beak ;  di.ssejjiment  only  half  line  broad.  —  S\tw.  ii.  60 1 ;  J)C.  Svst. 
ii.  498  ;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  G."3.  />.  ;«(;(v7/ti/v/w,  I'ers.  Syn.  ii.  I'Jlt ;  Nutt.  tien.  ii.  68.  Slsi/m- 
brinm  chcinnit/ioidcx,  Kat.  &  ^Vrigilt,  X.  A.  Hot.  429. —  Prclcrriiig  rii-h  moist  .soil  of  river 
bottoms,  but  also  found  in  dry  situations,  common  and  with  wide  range,  Newfoundland, 
Robirison  &  Schreiik-,  to  N.  Carolina,  Citrtiss,  ace.  to  C'liiri^nian,  and  across  the  continent  to 
Oregon,  Howell,  and  Alaska,  Meehan. 

*  *  Flowers  larger ;  petals  .3  to  12  lines  long,  yellow  or  orange  (in  E.  a.yieriim  sometimes 
purple)  :  pods  terete  or  4anglcd,  not  strongly  flattened,  elongated  (e.xcept  in  the  fir.st  spe- 
cies), 1  to  4  inches  long ;  cotyledons  incumbent  (rarely  very  ol)li(iue  oreven  snbaccumbent). 

•i—  Petals  3  to  5  lines  long. 
E.  parviflorum,  Nutt.  Erect  perennial,  10  to  18  inches  high,  cinereous  and  scabrous 
with  appressed  2-p()inted  hairs:  leaves  narrow,  lance-linear  or  oblong-linear,  mostly  quite 
entire;  the  radii'al  crowded,  sometimes  repand-dentate  :  .sepals  linear-oblong,  acute,  .3  lines 
in  length,  little  exceeded  by  the  rather  narrow  sulphur-yellow  petals  :  pedicels  2  to  3  lines 
in  length,  spreading  in  fruit :  silicjues  slender,  erect  or  nearly  so,  at  maturity  usuallv  1  to  2 
inches  long,  scarcely  contracted  above  but  tipped  with  a  short  stout  style  and  distinctly 
2-lobed  stigma.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gysly,  Fl.'i.  95,  not  Pars,  (which  is  K.  chtimnthoides). 
E.  lanceokitum,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  64,  not  R.  Br.  ?  E.  hiemci folium,  Hook.  f.  Arct.  PI. 
286,  319,  so  far  as  American  specimens  are  concerned.  E.  aspenim,  var.  iiicoiisjiiniiim, 
Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  24.  E.  incoiispicuum,  MacMillan,  Metasp.  Minn.  Val  268.  —  Minne- 
.sota,  Srh7iette,  to  Colorado,  Vas'';/,  N.  Nevada,  ]V^ifson,  Washington,  (hrrur,  and  northward, 
to  Alaska.  E.  sip-ticolum  (erroneous  form  for  sijrticola),  Sheldon,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  xx.  28.5, 
is  probably  from  character  a  form  of  this  species. 

E.  REPiNDUM,  L.,  a  gerontogeous  annual  with  somewhat  similar  flowers,  but  repand-denticu- 
latc  leaves,  and  widely  spreading  usually  curved  pods,  has  been  rather  fre(|uently  found  about 
Now  Vork  City  and  Philadelphia,  but  upon  made  land,  &c  ,  and  doservos  niontioii  oidy. 

■)—  -I—  Petals  longer,  half  inch  or  more  in  Icngtli. 
E.  asperum,  D.C  ( Western  Wall-flower.)  Erect  biennial  or  perennial,  somcwiiat 
scaltrous  and  usually  more  or  less  canescent  with  minute  mostly  2-3  ])ointed  hairs:  stem 
commonly  simjde,  2  inciies  to  3  feet  in  height,  angled,  in  favorable  situations  becoming  thick 
and  pithy :  leaves  very  varialde,  lanceolate  to  linear,  entire  or  repand-dentate  or  the  lowest 
pinnatifid,  thickish  and  very  canescent  or  thin  and  green  :  sepals  oblong  to  linear,  green, 
pale  yellow,  or  whitish  :  petals  yellow  or  more  usually  orange,  rarely  purple,  8  to  12  lines  in 
length  ;  bhide  broadly  oljovate  or  snborbicular  ;  claw  very  slender,  consiileraldy  exceeding 
the  sepals :  fruiting  pedicels  2  to  6  lines  long,  spreading':  cai)sule  usually  rather  sharply 
tetragonal,  erect  or  more  commonly  widely  spreading,  2  to  ,5  inches  in  length,  a  line  or  le.ss 
in  breadth;  style  1  to  IJ  lines  long;  stigma  commonly  broad,  .somewhat  2-lohed ;  seeds 
oblong,  brown,  often  slightly  wing-appendaged  at  the  end  ;  cotyledons  incumbent  or  oblique. 
—  Syst.  ii.  505;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  64,  t.  22.  E.  lanreolati'im,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  436.  E.  ns- 
jieritm,  var.  Piirs/iii,  Durand,  Fl.  Utah,  159.  E.  elatiim,  Nutt.  1.  c.  E.  n.yifriini,  var.  rhitum, 
Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Kep.  vii.  7.  E.  as/icnim,  var.  }>fremu\  Wats,  in  Coville,  Proc.  IJiol.  .Soc. 
Washington,  vii.  70,  &  Contrib.  V.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  64.  Chrir.nilhu^  <is/>rr,  Nutt.  (ien.  ii. 
69,  not  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  1  I/espcris  /^tillasii.  Porter  &  Coulter,  1  c.  9. — Rare,  local, 
and  perhaps  introduced  in  the  East,  I)ut  abundant  and  widely  distributed  westward  ;  Mingnn 
T.slands,  (inlf  of  St.  Lawrence,  /.iiidrn:  Columbus,  Ohio,  Snlliraiit  :  common  from  Illinois 
to  Texas,  California,  and  iiorlbwanl  to  the  Sa.-<kalihew:in.     A  hand.sonie  and  exceedingly 


144  CRUCTFER.E.  Er 


ysnuitiii. 


polymorphous  species,  incapahle,  however,  of  satisfactory  division  even  into  varieties.  The 
form  of  the  leaves,  pubescence,  color  of  tlie  fltiwors,  and  liimcnsious  of  every  part  exhibit 
in  specimens  from  different  localities  the  most  striking  differences,  but  the  variation  of  each 
part  is  shown  in  a  long  series  of  specimens  to  be  thorouglily  independent  of  every  other  so 
that  varieties  could  have  no  more  tiian  formal  value.  Only  two  noteworthy  forms  need  be 
mentioned:  var.  AukansAnum,  Gray  (.Man.  ed.  5,  69;  J'J.  Aik-ansanimi,  Nutt.  in  'I'orr.  & 
Gray,  FI.  i.  95 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  150,  t.  63),  with  leaves  thin,  lanceolate,  and  repaud-dontate, 
and  var.  pumilum,  Porter  &  Coulter  (Fl.  Col.  8 ;  E.  pumilum,  Nutt.  1.  c),  a  very  small  alpine 
form,  2  to  6  inches  high,  with  entire  or  subentire  leaves ;  possessing,  however,  no  other 
satisfactory  difference  from  the  taller  form  with  which  it  intergrades. 

E.  insulare,  Greene.  Suffrutesccnt,  pubescent  with  yery  minute  2-pointed  hairs :  stem 
stout,  sharply  angled,  decumbent,  profusely  branched  :  leaves  linear,  crowded,  attenuate  and 
often  recur\ed  at  the  tip,  IK  to  2^  inches  long  :  infloresceiice^short ;  pedicels  in  fruit  stout, 
somewhat  angulatc,  divaricate,  5  to  8  lines  long;  capsule  erect,  about  2  indies  long,  abruptly 
contracted  to  a  siiort  style ;  partitioiv  a  line  in  breadth ;  valves  sharply  carinate ;  stigma 
disk-shaped;  cotyledons  often  obliipie  or  nearly  accumbent.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  218; 
Brandegee,  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  207.  —  Cuyler's  Harbor,  San  Miguel  Island  off 
S.  California,  Greene;  Santa  Rosa  Island,  Brandef/ee ;  fr.  June. 
*   *   *   Flowers  large  or  medium  sized  :  petals  yellow  or  orange  (in  .&.  aren/co/a  unknown)- 

pods  more  strongly  flattened  parallel  to  the  broad  i)artition;  valves  1 -nerved  or  somewhat 

keeled. 

H—  Cotyledons  obliquety  incumbent :  capsule  very  gradually  narrowed  to  a  beak. 

E.  arenicola,  Watson.  Cespitose  perennial  with  densely  multicipital  caudex :  stems 
several,  terete,  6  to  8  inches  high :  leaves  chiefly  clustered  at  the  base,  very  numerous, 
olilauceolate,  repandly  denticulate,  including  petioles  only  li  inches  long,  2  to  3  lines  wide, 
pubescent  with  white  appressed  2-3-pointed  hairs :  racemes  short,  rather  few-flowered ; 
pedicels  2  lines  in  length,  spreading:  sepals  4  lines  long. —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxvi.  124. — 
Olympic  Mountains,  Washington,  5,000  feet  alt.,  Piper ;  fr.  September. 

-I—  -1—  Cotyledons  accumbent :   capsule  rather  abruptly  contracted  to  a  beak. 

E.  grandiflorum,  Nutt.  Biennial  or  perennial,  erect,  leafy,  finely  pubescent  with  ap- 
pressed 2-parted  liairs:  stem  3  inches  to  2  feet  high,  somewhat  angled,  becoming  stout, 
simple  or  le.ss  frequently  branched,  sometimes  from  the  base :  leaves  oblong,  oblanceolate,  or 
spatulate  to  linear,  attenuate  below,  quite  entire  or  more  or  less  deeply  repand-dentatc  : 
(lowers  at  first  subcapitate ;  raceme  elongating,  in  fruit  sometimes  a  foot  or  more  in  length ; 
pedicels  variable,  2  to  8  lines  long:  petals  about  an  inch  in  length,  light  yellow  (rarely 
white),  with  broad  rounded  blade  :  capsules  1  i  to  4  inches  long,  1  j:  to  1^  lines  broad ;  valves 
flattish,  1 -nerved;  style  ^  to  1  line  long,  stout ;  stigma  usually  rather  broad ;  seeds  brown, 
oblong,  sometimes  margined  but  not  winged. — Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  96,  667. 
E.  rapitatum,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  269.  Cheiranthus  asper,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  Linnaea,  i.  14, 
excl  syn.  C.  cnpltatus,  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.i.  38.  —  A  maritime  and  saline  species 
of  the  Pacific  Coast,  from  the  salt-works  of  Los  Angeles  Co.,  Calif.,  Mrs.  Bush,  and  Santa 
Rosa  Island,  Brandegee,  northward  to  Curry  Co.,  Oregon,  Tlon-ell ;  common.  The  recentlv 
published  E.  Crdi/nrnicnm,  Greene,  Erythea,  iii.  69,  not  seen  by  tlie  writer,  is  a  nearly 
related  (if  not  identical)  species,  not  differing  by  satisfactory  characters  so  far  as  described. 

E.  occidentale,  Robinson,  n.  sp.  Erect  annual  or  biennial,  2  inches  to  U  feet  high, 
finely  pubescent  with  appressed  2-pointed  hairs  :  stem  becoming  stout,  angulate  :  leaves  nar- 
rowly linear  to  lance-linear,  acute,  attenuate  to  long  .slender  bases,  entire  or  nearly  so : 
floral  rhachis  at  first  very  short  but  becoming  in  fruit  4  to  6  inches  in  length,  often  branched 
below ;  pedicels  stout,  spreading,  2  to  4  lines  long :  petals  lemon-yellow  to  deep  orange,  8  to 
10  lines  long,  much  exceeding  the  pale  narrowly  oblong  strongly  saccate  calyx  :  capsule  3 
to  4  inches  long,  H  lines  broad,  beaked  wi;h  a  slender  style  (2  lines  in  length);  stigma 
small;  seeds  oblong,  rather  broadly  winged.  —  E.  aspcrum,  var.  pumilum,  Wats.  Bot.  King 
Exp.  24.  Cheiranthus  occidenfolis,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  261.  —  Sandy  soil,  Carson 
City,  Nevada,  Watson,  to  Oregon,  Henderson,  and  Washington,  Lt/nll,  Suksdorf;  fl.  April 
to  Jnne.  Readily  distinguished  from  E.asperum  by  its  broad  flat  pods,  from  E.  grandiflorum 
by  its  long  stvle  and.  narrow  leaves. 


Cochlcaria.  CULX'IFKK.E.  140 

♦  *   *  *  Flowers  large,  both  the  petals  and  sepals  ileeji  joirplo:    poii  slender  but  eonic- 
what  compressed  ;  cotyledons  accumbent. 

B.  pygmseum,  Gav.  Dwarf  biennial  with  simple  stem  and  very  numerous  crowded  linear 
or  narrowly  lauce-liuear  entire  or  few-toolliod  leaves,  jiulx'scent  with  a]>prcHsed  2-i>ointed 
white  hairs:  inHorcsceuce  very  ileuse :  sojials  oblong  stronjjly  sjiccjite  at  the  baso  ;  margins 
thin,  white ;  petals  5  to  9  lints  long  :  pr(ii<i'ls  ;i.Hionding,  2  to  4  lines  in  lengtii  :  pods  pube>«- 
cent,  scarcely  tapering  at  all  at  the  ap(;x  ;  stigma  slightly  2-ltil>cil.  — (jay,  1.  c.  4.  Cheiran- 
thus  pi/qnuKus,  Adams,  Mem.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  v.  114.  V.  I'ulluini,  I'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  43C.  JIta/teria 
pi/ymwa,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  60,  t.  19.  //.  miuiTiui,  Torr.  &  Uray,  Fl.  i.  90.  II.  Pallasii, 
ToTT.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  667.  II.  Ilookcri,  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  174.  Sisi/mlirium  j>i/f/iiiin(m,  Trautv. 
Act.  llort.  Petrop.  i.  60. — Arctic  America  from  Greenland  to  Alaska.     (Siberia.) 

33.  COCHLEARIA,  Touru.  (Latin  cochlear,  .si)oon,  from  the  form  of  the 
leaves.)  —  Glabrous  succulent  herbs  of  Northern  Hemisphere,  chieHy  boreal  and 
arctic,  often  maritime.  —  Inst.  215,  t.  101;  L.  Gen.  no.  .028:  DC  Syst.  ii.  3.08, 
&  Prodr.  i.  172;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  t.  17.  —  Considering  its  moderate 
size,  one  of  the  most  confused  and  difficult  genera  of  the  order.  Until  all  mem- 
bers of  the  group  can  be  subjected  to  a  thorough  revision,  the  certain  identifica- 
tion of  our  American  forms  with  the  closely  related  European  species  is  impossible. 
However,  as  the  occurrence  of  the  European  O.  Anglica,  C.  Danica,  and  C.  offi- 
cinalis in  Arctic  America  rests  upon  the  high  authority  of  Sir  William  Hooker, 
Torrey  &  Gray,  and  others,  it  seems  best  to  continue  to  (.'numerate  them,  although 
no  specimens  from  this  continent  in  American  herbaria  can  be  cited  as  exactly 
representing  the  typical  gerontogeous  forms.  The  remaining  species  are  here 
interpreted  nearly  as  in  Lange's  careful  treatment  of  the  genus  in  his  Conspect. 
Fl.  Groen.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

C.  Anglica,  L.  Radical  leaves  long-petioled,  ovate  or  sub-orbicular,  rounded  at  the  base  or 
slightly  and  broadly  cordate,  subentire ;  lower  cauline  leaves  similar,  short-petioled;  the  mid- 
dle and  upper  ovate-oblong,  sparingly  and  bluntly  toothed,  sessile  by  a  more  or  less  auricu- 
late  biise  :  capsule  subglobose,  reticulated  with  prominent  veins.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  1128, 
&  Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  903  ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  364  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  57  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  109. 
—  Antico.sti,  J/rtcoim  ;  coast  of  Labrador  to  the  Arctic  Ocean  and  Alaska.  A  species  dubi- 
ously di.stinguished  from  the  following  by  its  reticulated  capsule. 

C.  oflBcinalis,  L.  Very  similar  to  the  preceding  in  habit  and  technical  characters:  leaves 
somewhat  more  inclined  to  be  lobed,  and  the  radical  more  deeply  cordate :  pods  globose, 
smooth  or  obsoletely  reticulate-veine<i.  —  Spec.  ii.  647;  DC.  1.  c. ;  Hook.  1.  c— Shores  of 
the  Arctic  Ocean,  ace.  to  Hooker  and  others.  Specimens  with  the  large  flowers  of  the 
European  form  have  not  been  seen  from  America  by  the  writer.  Onr  commonest  Cocfitearin, 
however,  extending  from  Vancouver  Island,  Macoun,  to  Abiska,  corresponds  in  all  essential 
points  with  this  species  save  in  its  smaller  flowers  and  often  more  stunted  growth,  differences 
a.'scribable  perhaps  to  climatic  influences. 

C.  tridactylites,  Banks.  Cauline  leaves  coarsely  sub-trilobed  with  a  single  obtuse  tooth 
on  e.ach  side  :  silicels  ovate-globose,  as  large  as  in  the  la.st ;  style  short,  capitate  ;  seeds  2  to 
4  in  each  cell.  —  Banks  in  DC.  1.  c.  367  ;  Hook.  1.  c.  —  Labrador,  lianlcs.  No  specimens 
acce.^sible  to  the  writer  exactly  represent  this  imperfectly  described  species  (here  charac- 
terized from  the  original  description).  Enough  are  at  hanfl,  however,  to  show  much  varia- 
tion in  the  toothing  of  tlie  leaves  without  change  of  more  essential  characters,  thus  cjisting 
much  doubt  upon  the  distinctness  of  a  species  separated  npon  this  feature  alone.  Lange 
may  be  right  in  referring  the  plant  doubtfully  to  C.  (innilandim,  or  it  may  be  a  form  of 
C.  Anglica. 

C.  Ddnica,  L.  Leaves  smaller  than  in  the  first  two  species,  only  1 J  to  2  or  3  lines  in  di- 
anuter,  "  all  pctiolate,"  deltoid,  and  hastately  toothed  at  the  kise :  ca])8ule  ov.ate  to  ellip 
soidal,  nearly  or  rpiitc  a.''  lonij  a?  the  pedicel.  —  Sj"  •  "      'I    D.m.  t.  100;    Eng.   Px'i 

10 


146  CRUCIFEIM:.  Coddearia. 

t.  696;  Hook.  1.  c;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  110.  — Shores  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  Parry,  Franklin, 
Back,  accordiug  to  Jlooker.  American  specimens  with  deltoid  leaves  and  all  petiolate  as  in 
tlie  European  specimens  do  not  seem  to  be  represented  in  the  leading  American  herbaria. 

C.  Groenlandica,  L.  Radical  leaves  ovate  or  sub-orbicular,  rounded  or  shallowl)'  and 
t)r(>adly  corchite  at  the  base,  usually  quite  entire  ;  cauline  narrowly  elliptic  to  rliombic,  sub- 
entire  or  with  a  sliort  touth  or  two  upon  each  side  of  tiie  narrowed  subsessile  or  slender- 
petioled  base  :  capsule  globose  to  ovoid,  not  strongly  reticulated.  —  iSpec.  ii.  647  ;  DC.  Syst. 
ii.  366;  Eng.  Bot.  t.  2403;  Lange,  Med.  Gran.  iii.  34,  &  Jour.  Bot.  xxvii.  39.  —  E.  Arctic 
America,  Urinncll  Laud,  Greelif  Exjied.  (Greenland.)  A  low  mostly  small-leaved  species. 
Var.  oblongifolia,  Laxge.  Taller  and  more  rol)ust,  6  to  8  inclies  high :  cauline 
leaves  sessile,  oblong  ;  the  upper  ones  auriculate  at  tlie  base.  —  Lange,  1.  c.  35.  C.  oblomji- 
j'olia,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  363. — Across  Arctic  America  from  Greenland  to  Alaska. 

C.  f enestrata,  R.  Bk.  Foliage  much  as  in  the  preceding  species :  flowers  small :  capsule 
more  tlccidedly  ellipsoidal,  usually  free  from  distinct  reticulation  ;  seeds  about  8  in  each 
cell.—  K.  Br.  in  Ross,  Voy.  143,  &  Farry,  1st  Voy.  Suppl.  to  App.  266 ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  367  ; 
Lange,  1.  c.  36.  Eitlrema  Rossli,  Spreug.  Syst.  ii.  880.  —Across  Arctic  America  from  Alaska 
to  Ellesmere  Land,  WelherUl.  (Greenland.)  A  species  variously  referred  by  authors  to 
C.  Granlandica,  C.  Anylica,  and  C.  officinalis. 

34.  NASTtJRTIUM,  L.,  R.  Br.  (The  classical  Latin  name  of  some 
cress,  from  nasus,  nose,  and  tortus,  distortion,  from  the  effect  of  its  pungency 
upon  the  nostrils.)  —  A  genus  widely  dispersed  over  the  globe,  of  annual, 
biennial  or  perennial  herbs,  growing  in  damp  or  wet  localities  or  truly  aquatic, 
glabrous  or  somewhat  puberulent  or  hispid  with  simple  hairs.  Leaves  usually 
lyrately  or  pinnately  parted  or  toothed,  auricled  at  base.  —  L.  Syst.  ed,  1 ;  R. 
Br.  in  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iv.  109  ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  187,  &  Prodr.  i.  137  ;  Reichenb. 
Ic.  PI.  Germ.  ii.  t.  50-54;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  t.  53.^  Roripa,  Bess,  in  Gren.  &, 
Godr.  Fl.  Fr.  i.  125,  in  part.     [By  S.  Watson.] 

*   Petals  white,  exceeding  the  calyx  :  glabrous  ])orennia]s. 
-1—   Pods  linear  ;  stigma  small,  entire  :  a(iuatic  with  pinnate  leaves. 
N.  OFFICINALE,  R.  Br.  1.  c.  110.      (Water  Cress.)     Stems  spreading,  rooting  at  the  lower 
nodes:    leaflets  3  to  11   (or  lateral  leaflets  none  on  the  lowest  leaves),  from  orbicular  to 
oblong  lanceolate,  more  or  less  sinuate  or  rarely  obtusely  toothed  :  pedicels  and  pods  divari- 
cately spreading  or  somewhat  reflexed :    pods  6  to  10  lines  long,  acuminate,  a  little  exceed- 
ing the  pedicels.  —  Sisymbrium  Nasturtium,  L.  Spec.  ii.  657.'^  —  In  running  water  and  on  wet 
banks  of  brooks  and  ditches;  widely  distributed.     (Nat.  from  Eu.,  Asia.) 
^_  ^_   Pods  .short ;    stigma  broader  than  the  .«tyle,lobed  :  leaves  undivided  or  pinnatifid,  or 
the  submer.«ed  capillary-dissected. 
N.  laCUStre    Gray.     Aquatic :    stems  elongated,  branching  above :   submersed  leaves  petio- 
late and  entire  or  pinnatifid,  or  mostly  sessile  and  dissected  into  numerous  capillary  seg- 
ments ;    emersed  leaves  oblong,  sessile,  entire  or  denticulate  or  sometimes  pinnatifid  :    pods 
oblong  to  ol)long-obovate,  obtuse,  2  or  3  lines  long,  shorter  than  the  divaricate  pedicels ; 
slender  style  half  as  long  or  more  ;    septum  nearly  wanting.  —  Gen.  111.  i.  132.     N.  nalans. 
Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  39,  not  DC.     N.  natnns,  var.  Americana,  Gray,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  iii. 
323.     Cocklearia  aqnatica,  A.  Eaton,  Man.  ed.  b,  181.     Armoracia  Americana,  Hook.  &  Am. 
Brit.  Fl.  ed.  7,  29.»  —  N.  Vermont  and  Montreal  to  S.  Ontario  and  S.  E.  Minnesota,  south- 
ward to  Florida  and  Louisiana.    Tlie  submersed  leaves  are  deciduous  and  often  take  root  in 
the  mud  and  start  new  plants. 
N.  (?)  ArmorAcia,  Fries.     (Horse-radish.)     Terrestrial,  tall  and  stout :  leaves  crenate,  rarely 
])iniiatifid ;  *   the  radical  very  large,  narrowly  oblong-lanceolate  to  oblong-cordate  or  ovate- 

1  Add  syn.  Rorippa,  Scoil  Fl.  Cam.  520.     Roripa  of  authors. 

2  Add  syn.  Roripa  Nasturtium,  Scop.  ace.  to  Rusby,  Mem.  Torr.  Clul),  iii.  no.  3,  T>. 

3  Add  syn.  Roripa  Americana,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  169. 

4  Prof.  Q.  A.  Davis,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvii.  318,  notes  that-the  pinnatilid  leaves  are  regularly  i-ro- 


Nasturtium.  C'ltUCIFER.E.  ]47 

oblong ; .  the  uppermost  linear  and  entire  :  pedicels  slender,  ascendinp :  pods  "  globose  "  or 
elliptical  and  somewhat  obionipresaed,  2  lines  long ;  the  cells  4-8-Heeded ;  Htylc  very  sliort : 
seeds  smooth. —  Fl.  Scan.  65.  Cnchlenrid  Armnruria,  \j.  Spec.  ii.  (J48.  Armorncia  rusticana, 
Gaertn.,  Mey.  &  Scherb.  Fl.  Wett.  ii.  42G.*  —  An  anomalous  species;  cultivated  for  its  large 
pungent  roots,  wliich  are  used  a.s  a  condiment.  An  escape  in  moist  grounds,  and  rarely 
jicrfecting  fruit.     (Introd.  from  Ku.) 

*  ♦  Petals  yellow  or  yellowi.-?h,  exceeding  the  calyx  :  steins  from  jiercnnial  tindergrt>und 
rootstocks:  leaves  ])inuatc  or  jiinnatifid  :  pedicels  usually  3  or  4  linrs  long  or  more:  style 
often  sleuder. 

N.  SYLVESTiu;,  R.  IJr.     (Yellow  Cuess,)     Stems  slender  and  flexuous,  erect  or  decumbent, 

1  or  2  feet  high:  leaves  pinnate  or  deeply  pinnatifid  witli  linear  to  oblong  entire  or  tofjthed 
or  laciuiatc  segments:  pods  narrowly  linear,  3  to  G  lines  long,  obtusish ;  style  usually  short 
or  the  broad  stigma  subsessile.  — 11.  Br.  in  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iv.  110.  —  lu  wet  mea«low.s, 
JIas.-iachnsetts  to  Virginia; 2  rather  rare.     (Nat.  from  Ku.) 

N.  sinuatum,  Nutt.  Stems  decumbent  or  more  usually  procumbent  or  prostrate,  branch- 
ing, i)al('  green,  glabrous  or  slightly  scurfy-pubescent :  leaved  more  or  less  narrowly  oblong 
or  oblanceolate,  usually  deeply  and  regularly  pinnatifid ;  the  subc(pial  oblong  to  deltoid 
segments  cntii-e  or  with  one  or  two  teeth  :    pedicels  mostly  divaricately  spreading,  sleuder, 

2  to  5  lines  long :  pods  oblong  to  linear,  mostly  3  to  5  lines  long,  acute  at  both  ends  and 
beaked  by  a  slender  style,  more  or  less  curved.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  73 ;  Brew. 
&  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  43.  N.  trachi/carjmm,  Gray,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  ii.  233 ; 
a  frequent  form  with  the  axis  of  the  raceme,  the  pedicels,  and  pods  more  or  less  papillo.se- 
puberulent,  the  pods  sometimes  densely  so.  —  From  the  plains  of  the  S;iskatchewan  to 
Minnesota  and  Arkansas,  and  westward  to  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  Nevada,  and  E.  <  )regon.^ 

Var.  calycinum,  Watsox,  n.  var.  An  extreme  form  of  the  papilhtsc-puberulent 
condition  with  ov;itc  pods  (1  to  H  lines  long).  —  N.  cali/rinum,  Eugelm.  in  Warren,  Prelim. 
Report,  18.").5-;)7,  l.jfi,  &  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  n.  ser.  xii.  184.  —  Sandy  bottom  of  the  Yellow- 
stone, Montau.T,  Il'n/dcii,  18.54. 

Var.  pubescens,  Watsox,  n.  var.  Very  slender,  pubescent  throughout  with  a  soft 
woolly  pubescence,  the  long  lax  racemes  with  long  and  very  slender  pedicels  (3  to  6  lines  in 
length):  ovary  oblong-obovate,  pubescent ;  style  as  long.  —  On  Sauvie's  Island,  Oregon, 
J.  Howell,  1884. 

Var.*  Columbiae,  Scksdokf  (as  spec).  Low  and  spreading,  pubescent  throughout : 
leaves  rather  narrow:  pedicels  even  in  fruit  scarcely  exceeding  the  capsules;  the  latter 
short-oblong  (about  a  line  and  a  half  or  two  lines  in  length),  densely  pube.«cent  with  short 
and  rather  fine  scarcely  papillose  hairs.  —  Suk.sdorf ,  distr.  952.  —  Oregon,  low  gravelly 
banks  of  the  Columbia  liiver  near  Biugen,  Suksdorf,  1890,  and  earlier  at  Baker  City, 
Nevitts,  1875. 

*  ♦  ♦  Petals  yellow  or  yellowish,  rarely  exceeding  the  short  calyx :  annuals  or  biennials, 
with  mostly  lyrate  leaves  :  style  short  and  thick. 

■«—  Pedicels  usually  3  or  4  lines  long :  seeds  tubercnlate. 
N.*  terrestre,  R.  Bk.  Biennial,  erect,  branching,  glabrous  or  rarely  slightly  pubescent: 
lower  leaves  lyrate;  the  upper  more  or  less  deeply  pinnatifid  or  toothed  ;  the  lobes  narn)wly 
to  broadly  oblong,  dentate:  pods  tnrgid,  oblong,  2  to  4  lines  long,  usually  very  obtuse. — 
R.  Hr.  inAit.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iv.  110.  A',  palustre,  DC.^  Syst.  ii.  191  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  132, 
t.  53,  f.  1-5.  ?.V.  amplu'biitm,  of  authors  as  to  Am.  pi.,  not  of  R.  Br.  Sisiivihrinm  jHiliisIre, 
L.  Spec.  ii.  637;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  440.^  —  Common  in  wet  places  from  Arctic  America  to  N. 

duced  in  spring  and  autumn,  while  those  with  broador  blades  are  developed  in  midsummer.     Prof. 
r>avis  adds,  1.  c.  xx.  291,  that  tlie  lower  .stem-k'.aves  arc  invari.ibly  piniiately  dissectwl. 

1  Ad<l  syn.  Roripa  Armnmcin,  Hitchcock,  Spniii;  Flw-Manli  ittnn,  18. 

2  Maine,  3/iM  Furliifh  ;    Newfoundland.  Robinson  k  firhrtiik;  al.so  reported  from   N.  Illinois  by 
E.  J.  Hill,  Bot.  Gaz.  xvii.  246.     Add  syn.  Rori/io  sylresfils   IVs.-;.  Ennm.  27. 

8  Klikitat  Co.,  Wa.shinpton,  Suksdorf.     Ailil  syn.  Roripa  sinuala,  Hitchcock,  1.  c. 

*  The  name  of  this  species  has  been  altered  to  the  earlier  combination,  in  acconlii: 
jrcneral  system  of  nomenclature  .idopted  in  the  work. 

'■'  Add  syn.  Roripo  pnlustris.  Hess.  1.  c. 


148  CRUCIFER.E  Naslurtium. 

Carolina  and  westward  to  the   Sierra  Nevada  and   Oregon.      (Mex.,  Greenland,  ace.  to 
Lange;   Eu.,  Asia.) 

Var.  hispidum,  Fisch.  &  :Mkvi:k.i  ]\iore  or  less  hispid  with  short  spreading  hairs 
or  rarely  ulal.rons :  jwds  short,  mostly  broadly  elliptical  or  subglobose,  1  or  2  or  rarely 
nearly  3  lines  long.  —  Ind.  Seni.  Hort.'l'etrop.  iii.  1837,  41.  iV.  hisjiidum,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  201. 
Brachylobus  liisimlus,  Desv.  Journ.  IJot.  iii.  183  (1814).  Sisymbrium  hispidum,  Foir.  Suppl.  v. 
161.  — From  New  Brunswick  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  Mucoun,  and  Oregon,  IJall,  south 
to  Florida  and  New  Mexico  ;  the  more  common  form  eastward.  Tetrapoma  Imrbarecefolium, 
Turcz.,  &  T.  Krapsianum,  Fisch.  &  Mey.  Iml.  Sem  liort.  Fetrop.  i.  1835,  39  {Camelina 
barbar'eafolium,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  517,  Deless.  Ic.  Sel.  ii.  t.  70;  T.  pyri/hnne,  Seem.  Bot.  Herald, 
24,  t.  2),  is  a  very  closely  allied  forni  with  globose  or  pyriform  pods,  which  are  often 
abnormal  in  the  number  of  carpels  (2  to  6)  and  cells,  as  occasionally  occurs  also  in  var. 
hispidum.  It  is  a  native  of  F^.  Siberia  and  is  found  at  Norton's  Sound,  Alaska,  where  it 
may  liave  been  introduced. 

Var.  OCCidentale,  Watson,  n.  var.  Glabrous  or  tlie  auricles  of  the  leaves  sometimes 
ciliate : '  pods  stout,  4  to  6  lines  long,  not  rarely  4-carpellary.  —  Shumagin  Islands,  Alaska, 
Dull,  to  Brit.  Columbia,  Lyali,  Macoun,  and  the  Lower  Columbia  Valley,  Ihill,  Suksdorf, 
Hoivell.     ■ 

^  -f-  Tedicels  siiort  (1  or  2  lines  long,  rarely  more) :  seeds  tuberculate. 
N.  CUrvisiliqua,  Nctt.  Glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent :  stems  branching,  erect  or  decum- 
bent :  leaves  oblauceolate,  laciniately  toothed  or  pinnatifid  with  broader  and  obtuser  lobes  : 
pedicels  short  (rarely  3  lines  long) :  'ilowers  very  small :  pods  linear-oblong,  terete,  straight 
or  usually  more  or  less  curved,  very  obtuse  or  acutish,  2  to  8  lines  long ;  stigma  sessile  or 
on  a  short  stout  style.  — Nutt,  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  73.  N.  lymtum,  Nutt.  1.  c,  the  form 
with  more  lyrate  leaves.  Nuttall's  specimens  referred  by  him  to  this  species  are  in  part, 
and  as  dest'ribed  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.,  N.  sinuatum ;  one  of  the  specimens  in  herb.  Gray 
represents  the  papillose  form  of  that  species.^  Sispnbrium  curvisiliqua,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-  Am. 
i.  61.  — From  Brit.  Columbia  to  Lower  California,  Orcutt,  and  eastward  to  N.  Nevada  and 
Northwestern  Wyoming ;  frequent. 

Var.  Nuttallii,  W^atson,  n.  var.  Flowers  rather  larger  (petals  1  to  1^  lines  long), 
and  the  pods  4  to  8  lines  long,  on  pedicels  2  to  4  lines  in  length.  — iV.  polymorphum,  Nutt. 
1.  p.  74.  _  In  the  Lower  Columbia  Valley,  Nuttall,  Suksdorf,  Howell. 
N.  Obtlisum,  Nutt.  Usually  low  and  depressed,  glabrous  or  rarely  subpubescent,  branch- 
*ing:  leaves  lyrately  pinnatifid  (or  the  upper  oblong  to  narrowly  lanceolate  and  subentire) ; 
segments  usually  oblique  and  irregularly  toothed  :  pedicels  ascending,  spreading  or  deflcxed, 
1  to  2  lines  long,  obtuse,  straight  or  nearly  so  ;  style  very  short  and  thick.  —Nutt.  in  Torr. 
&  Grav,  Fl.  i.  74.3  — From  Keweenaw  Co.,  Michigan,  Farwell,  Illinois,  Missouri,  and  Texas, 
west  to  Brit  Columbia,  Macoun,  and  S.  California. 

Var.  spheerocarpum,  Watson,  n.  var.  Pods  subglobose,  about  a  line  broad.  — 
N.  spharorarpnm.  Gray,  Fl.  Fendl.  6.*  —  Illinois  to  S.  California. 

Var.  (?)  alpinum,  Watson.  Alpine:  pedicels  more  elongated  (2  to  4  lines  long): 
pod^oliiong  or  oblong-ovate  (2  to  3  lines  hmg),  beaked  with  a  short  style.— Bot.  King 
Exp.  15.  —  In  the  Uinta  and  Wasatch  Mountains,  Utah,  Watson,  ./ones,  and  on  Fremont's 
Peak  in  the  Wind  River  Mountains,  C.  Richardson. 

4-  H-  ^_  Pedicels  short  (1  or  2  lines  long  or  less) :  seeds  pitted. 
N.  tanacetifolium,  Hook.  &  Arn.  Low  and  depressed  or  sometimes  ascending,  a  foot 
'high  or  less,  branching  from  the  base,  usually  somewhat  scurfy-pubescent  below :  leaves 
pinnately  divided  or  Ivrate;  segments  very  variable,  more  or  less  dee]dy  and  irregularly 
toothed  or  often  pinnatifid  :  pedicels  spreading :  pods  cylindrical,  straiglit  or  slightly  curved, 
4  to  7  lines  long,  acutisli,  ascending  or  widely  spreading;    style  short,  a  line  long;    seeds 

1  Prof.  N.  L.  Britten,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xviii.  267,  and   Prof.  J.  Macoun  regard  tliis  variety  as  a 
di.stinct  species.     Ad<l  svn.  Eoripn  hispida,  Britton,  Mem.  Toir.  Club,  v.  169. 

2  Add  syn.  N.  cernuum,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  74,/c?e  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  66.     N.  occuhn- 
tale,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  268.     Roripa  curvisiliqua,  Beas&y,  Jide  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  Kil*. 

3  Add.  syn.  Roripa  obtusa,  Britton,  1.  c. 

*  Add  syn.  Rnripn  sphcerocarpa,  Britton,  1.  c. 


Barbarta.  CKL'ClFEK.i:.  149 

rudilish,  rather  obscurely  and  ij;regularly  minutely  pitted. —  Hook.  &  Arn.  in  Hook- Jour. 
Bot.  i.  190.  N.  palustre,  var.  tarfuctti/ulium,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  192.  N.  MitrujieUilum.  Fiscli.  & 
Meyer,  lud.  Sem.  Ilort.  Petrup.  iii.  1837,  41.  N.  WuUeri,  Wood,  Cliws-Hook,  ed.  of  1861, 
288.  '!  Sis//mbriuiH  taiuircii/'oHitm,  Walt.  Car.  174,  not  L.  S.  [Valleri,  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  146. 
S.  (?)  teres,  Tort.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  0.'3.  Vuidamhie  teres,  Mieli.x.  Fl.  ii.  2'J.  —  Sotith  Carolina  to 
Florida  and  west  to  'Pexjus  and  Mexico.  What  is  ret-ognizcd  its  N.  MexkAni;m,  DC,  of 
Mexico,  is  a  very  similar  species  with  somewhat  stouter  and  ohtuser  poils,  often  deliexcd, 
and  larger  minutely  tulterculate  paler  seeds.  The  West  Indian  N.  brevipes,  Griseh.,  how- 
ever, may  rather  be  regarded  as  a  variety  (insulurum)  of  N.  /(inactli/ulium.  Its  seeds  are 
sinii^r  in  color  and  marking,  but  tiie  pods  are  shorter  ami  the  style  very  short  or  stigma 
nearlv 


N.  sessiliflorum,  Nitt.  Glabrous,  erect,  branching,  2  feet  high  or  less:  leaves  oblanceo- 
liite.  usually  obtuse,  coarsely  toothed  or  lyrately  piimatifid  with  few  sliort  segments:  pedi- 
cels very  short  (tiie  lowest  rarely  I  to  1^  lines  long) :  pods  .spreading,  tiiick  and  cylindrical, 
3  or  4  lines  long,  obtuse ;  style  very  short ;  seeds  minutely  pitted.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray, 
Fl.  i.  73 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  132,  t.  53,  excl.  f.  1-5.  N.  limosum,  Nutt.  1.  c.  —  From  Illinois 
and  Missouri  to  Georgia  and  Texas.i 

Recently  published  species  not  seen  Ity  the  editor. 
N.*  dictyotum,  Greene.  "Stout,  erect,  2  to  4  feet  high,  hirsute-pubescent:  nuemes 
rather  dense:  pods  ovate-lanceolate ;  valves  firm  in  texture,  with  strong  tortuous  midveiu 
and  anastomosing  veinlets  ;  partition  thick,  favose-reticulate."  —  Fl.  Francis.  268.  liorijia 
dicti/ota,  Greene,  Man.  Bay-Kcg.  20  (whence  the  foregoing  descr.).  —  "  Marslies  of  the  Lower 
Sacramento." 

RoufPA  TENERUiMA,  Greene.  "Annual,  weak  ami  decumbent,  very  .sparingly  branching, 
6  to  10  inches  high,  of  delicate  texture  and  glabrous :  leaves  few,  lyrate-pinnatifid,  the  terminal 
lobe  acutish :  rhachis  of  the  few  racemes  almost  capillary:  pofls  rather  distant,  suhconical, 
slightly  curved,  the  tapering  apex  surmounted  by  a  considerable  beak-like  style;  valves  and 
septum  both  very  thin:  seeds  many,  in  2  rows  under  each  valve."  —  Erythea,  iii.  46  (whence 
descr.).  —"  Modoc  Co.,  Calif.,  Mrs.  Austin." 

35.  BARBAREA,  R.  Br.  Winter  Cress.  (Name  from  Erysimum  Bnr- 
harea,  L.,  the  most  common  species,  and  sometimes  called  Herb  of  St.  Barbara.) 
—  Chiefly  biennials,  soniewhat  succulent,  sharing  most  of  the  ch:iracters  of 
Nnstiirtium,,  but  with  somewhat  stouter  habit,  uiore  elongated  rigid  capsules  and 
uniseriate  seeds.  —  R.  Br.  in.  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  Iv.  100;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  205,  «& 
Prodr.  i.  140 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  147,  t.  62 ;  Roichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Giun>.  ii.  t.  47-49 ; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  68.  —  Spec,  of  difficult  limitation.     [By  B.  L.  RobinbON.] 

B.  vulgaris,  R.  Bk.  1.  c.  (Common  Winter  Cress,  Yellow  Rocket.)  Stems  erect, 
furrowed-aiigulate,  simide  or  corymbosely  branched,  leafy,  1  to  3  feet  high:  radical  leaves 
anil  lower  cauline  usually  pinnately  parted ;  the  terminal  segment  ovate  or  orbicular, 
rounded  at  tlie  apex  and  varying  from  cuneate  to  cordate  at  the  ba.sc,  entire  or  with  a  few 
rounded  teeth  or  lobes ;  lateral  segments  very  variable,  usually  about  3  (0  to  5)  pairs,  oblong, 
entire  or  toothed ;  petioles  auriculate-appendagcd  at  tlie  base ;  upper  leaves  simplified, 
oblanceolate,  cut-tootlicd,  sessile,  clasping  at  base :  flowers  in  a  short  douse  oblong  raceme, 
bright  yellow :  petals  nearly  or  quite  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals  :  jiods  from  the  first  ascend- 
ing or  suberect  u))on  more  or  less  sjjreading  pedicels.  —  DC.  Syst.  ii.  206,  in  part.  Barharen 
B(trb(trea,  MacMillan,  Metasp.  Minn.  Val.  259.  Erijsimuiii  fiarhtireo,  L.  Spec.  ii.  660;  Fl. 
Dan.  t  985;  Eng.  Rot.  t.  443.  —  Moist  meadows,  brooksides,  &c. ;  in  America  chiefly  the 
formal  variety  auctAta,  Fries  (Consp.  fa.sc.  vi.  no.  17),  witli  inflorescence  somewhat  lax 
and  elongated  even  in  anthesis  and  ydung  pods  rather  widely  spreading  and  more  or  le.ss 
curved ;  a  form  common  in  the  Northern  au<l  Middle  States  across  the  continent  and  north- 
ward to  Labrador  and  Alaska,  and  on  tiie  Raciflc  SIojk'  south\\urd  to  Lower  Calif..  Omiit. 
(Ea.,  Asia.) 

1  Near  Richmond.  Va.,  Churchill.     Add  .,jni.  Roripa  seSDiliJlortii  Hitchcock,  1.  c. 


150  •  CliUCIFElLE.  Uarbarea. 

B.  Stricta,  Andrz.  In  its  varialile  foliage  not  satisfactorily  distinguishable  from  the  jire- 
coding :  Uowers  smaller,  paler  yellow,  during  anthesis  closely  aggregated  and  subcorymbose : 
petals  usually  not  over  a  third  or  half  longer  than  the  calyx :  pods  mostly  appressed  to  the 
elongated  rhachis.  —  Andrz.  in  Bess.  Enum.  72  ;  Keichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  (ierm.  ii.  47.  B.  parvi- 
Jiora,  Fries,  Novit.  ed.  2,  207.  B.  vitlrjaris,  var.  stricta,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,  35.  — Same  range 
as  tiie  last,  and  eastward  the  commoner  species.  A  noteworthy  fruiting  form  nf  this 
species  or  perhaps  distinct  plant  has  been  collected  at  Se.ittle,  Wash.,  Piiwr.  It  lias 
elongated  rather  loose  racemes  of  very  siiort  erect  pods  (4  to  7  lines  long),  and  bears  a  close 
resemblance  to  specimens  from  Central  France 

B.  PR.ECOx,  R.  Br.  1.  c.  (Eakly  Wixtkk  Ckess,  Scurvy  Grass.)  Very  similar  in  liabit 
and  floral  characters :  radical  leaves  usually  iuterru])tedly  pinnate ;  segments  more  numer- 
ous, 4  to  8  pairs,  commonly  with  smaller  ones  between  the  larger:  siliques  longer,  often  •!]-, 
inches  in  length,  larger  and  firmer  in  texture :  valves  more  strongly  carinate ;  fruiting 
pedicels  very  .stout.  —  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  606;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  71. — 
Somewhat  established  in  tlie  Middle  Atlantic  States  and  southward,  having  escaped  from 
cultivation  as  a  salad  plant.     (Introd.  from  Eu.) 

36.  IODANTHUS,  ToiT.  &  Gray.  ('ItuSi^s,  violet-colored,  and  av^09, 
flower.)  — A  small  AuKTican  genus  of  rather  doubtful  ailinities  ;  but  ou  account 
of  its  stigma  elongated  over  the  placenta?,  its  distinctly  flattened  jiods  and  nearly 
accumbent  cotyledons,  not  to  be  united  with  Thehjpodium,  to  which  it  has  been 
reduced.' —  Fl.  i.  72  (under  Cheircnithus)  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  133,  t.  54 ;  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  vi.  188;  Benth.  «&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  70;  Prantl,  1.  c.  183.  Under 
Thelypodium,  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  73:  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6, 
72.  —  A  single  described  sjDCcies,  but  probably  with  a  Mexican  congener.  [By 
B.  L.  RoiiiNSON.] 

I.  pinnatifidus,  Steud.  Erect,  slender,  leafy,  glabrous,  often  branched  above :  root  a 
cluster  of  tough  fibres :  radical  leaves  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base  or  cordate,  slender-petioled ; 
the  cauline  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate  at  each  end,  usually  sharply  and  often  doubly 
serrate,  sometimes  merely  repand ;  the  upper  sessile  by  narrow  auriculate  bases;  the  lower 
petiolate  and  occasionally  pinnate,  bearing  1  to  3  pairs  of  small  leaflets  near  the  base : 
sepals  li  lines  long,  le.'ss  than  half  the  length  of  the  spatulate  .slender-clawed  purple  petals : 
fruit  9  to  1.5  lines  long,  short-pedicelled,  tipped  with  a  slender  style,  widely  spreading  in 
elongated  racemes.  —  Nomencl.  ed.  2,  812;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  188;  Wats.  Bot. 
King  Exp.  19;  Prantl,  1.  c.  I.  hesperidoides,  Torr.  &  Gray  in  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  134,  t.  54, 
&  Man.  33 ;  Chapm.  Fl.  25.  Ffesperis  ;M'nna<//?rfa,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  31.  Cheiranthus  hesperi- 
doides,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  72.  Arnhis  hesperidoides,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  68.  —  Rich  .soil, 
W.  Pennsylvania,  Porter,  to  Texas,  Lindheimer,  and  northward  to  Minnesota;  fl.  June;  fr. 
July  and  August. 

37.  DRYOPETALON.  Gray.  (Name  from  ^ph,  an  oak  tree,  the  lobod 
petals  resembling  an  oak  leaf  in  outline.) — A  branching  annual  with  lyrately 
pinnatifid  mostly  radical  leaves  and  pubescence  of  simple  hairs.  Petals  white. — 
PI.  Wright,  ii.  11.  Dnjopetalum,  Prantl  in  Engl.  c<c  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii. 
Ab.  2,  183.  —  A  southwestern  monotype.     [By  S.  Watson.] 

D.  runcinatum,  Gray.  A  foot  high,  glabrous  above,  more  or  less  villous  below  with 
siircadiiig  liairs  (sometimes  short  and  dense) :  .segments  of  the  leaves  irregularly  rounded  to 
oblong,  coarsely  and  acutely  or  sinuately  toothed,  of  the  cauline  leaves  narrower:  pedicels 
of  the  elongating  racemes  alender,  divaricate,  usually  equalling  the  flowers,  in  fruit  2  to  8 
lines  long:  jjetals  5-7 -toothed,  2  to  3  lines  long:  pods  very  narrow,  nearly  straight,  spread- 
ing, 1  to  U  inches  long.  —  PI.  Wright,  ii  12,  t.  11  ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  32.  — Moun- 
tains of  W.  Texas.  Thnrher ;  S.  Arizona,  Wright,  Thurber,  Palmer,  Greene,  Parish,  Pringle. 
(The  type  from  Chihuahua,  Wriijht.) 


Parrya.  CKrClFEK/E.  151 

38.  PLATYSPilfcRMUM,  Hook.  (Or.  TrXarv?,  broad,  and  o-Tre'p/xu,  seed.) 
—  A  single  species,  u  sleiuk-r  (!:irly  siiring  nnnuiil  of  the  valleys  of  the-  Gn:a 
Basin  —  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  GH,  t.  IH,  f.  li.     [By  S.  Watson.] 

P.  SCapigerum,  Hook.  1.  c.  Scapes  I  lit  (»  iiiclms  liifjh  in  fruit:  l(,.>.r.  ^in.iu,  .>i..i.i. 
Tiiiiiiatiliil  with  IVw  lolios,  often  iL-iliiced  to  a  sinj^le  rlioiiihii'  or  ovate  tooihe<l  or  entire  loin; 
uijciu  a  sk'udir  jjetiole :  flowers  aljout  a  line  long:  petals  varying  fr<jni  narrowly  obovatc  to 
liuear-spatnlate :  jtod  3  to  5  lines  long,  8-12-!*eeiled.  —  In  the  dry  interior  region,  from 
Klikitat  County,  Washington,  to  the  Carson  River,  and  eastward  to  the  Clear  Watvr, 
Spalilin;/,  and  Kootenai  County,  Idako,  Geyer. 

39.  SEL^INIA,  Nutt.  (Gr.  aeX-^vi],  tlie  moon,  in  allusion  to  the  near 
relation  of  the  genus  to  Lunavia.) — Septum  oceasionally  perforate  or  nearly 
wanting.  Seed-coats  thick  and  sometimes  separate.  Species  with  golden  yellow 
flowers,  blooming  in  spring.  —  Jour.  Acad.  Thilad.  v.  132,  t.  G;  Torr.  &  Gray, 
Fl.  i.  99 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  157.     [By  S.  Watson.] 

S.  aiirea,  Nutt.  1.  c.  Branching  usually  from  the  base,  a  span  high  or  less :  leaves  pinnati- 
sect ;  the  narrow  lobes  entire  oi  with  one  or  two  coarse  teeth  ;  floral  Idaves  similar :  pedicels 
ascending,  a  half  to  one  inch  long :  sepals  unappenctaged :  pod  about  six  lines  long  and  two 
or  three  lines  broad.  — Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Hook.  f.  Hot.  Mag.  t.  6607.  — On  wet  prairies, 
from  S.  VV.  Missouri  and  S.  E-  Kansas  to  the  Arkan.sas  River. 

Vstr.  aperta,  Watson,  u.  var.  Pedicels  divaricate  :  jtods  broadly  elliptical  (6  to  8 
lines  long),  with  a  style  4  to  6  lines  long;  septum  reduced  to  a  narrow  margin.  —  S.  aurea, 
var.  $,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Gray,  1.  c.  t.  67.  —  Near  St.  Augustine,  Texas,  Ltiucuicorth. 

S.  dissecta,  Tokk.  Low  (3  to  6  inches  high),  very  leafy  and  flowering  from  the  >)ase : 
leaves  doubly  pinnatisect :  outer  sepals  much  the  larpjer,  appeudaged  near  the  apex :  pod 
obloug-obovatc,  an  inch  long  or  less  and  5  or  6  Hues  wide  ;  the  style  1  to  4  lines  long :  seeds 
nearly  .3  lines  broad.  —  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  ii.  160,  t.  1.  — In  extreme  Western  Texas;  near  the 
mouth  of  Delaware  Creek,  Capt.  Pope,  and  prairies  south  of  Ft.  Davis,  Dr.  Uacard. 

40.  PARRYA,  R.  Br.  (  Capt.  W.  E.  Parry,  upon  whose  first  voyage  for 
the  discovery  of  a  northwest  passage,  in  the  years  1819-20,  the  species  upon 
which  the  genus  was  founded  was  collected.)  —  North  American  and  Asiatic 
perennials  with  branching  caudex  and  naked  scape-like  peduncles,  glabrous  or 
rough-pubescent.  Ten  Asiatic  species  are  described,  but  they  vary  much  in  their 
cliaracters  and  several  of  them  are  imperfectly   known.      Tlie  genus  is  here 

■  characterized  according  to  the  more  typical  species.  —  R.  Br.  hi  Parry,  1st  Toy. 
Suppl.  to  App.  268 ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  G7  ;  Regel,  Enum.  PI.  Semen<>\ . 
Suppl.  ii.  20.     [By  S.  Watson.] 

§1.  Paurya  proper.  Stigma  distinctly  2-lobed :  seeds  margined  and  cotyle- 
dons strictly  accumbent :  scape  naked. 

P.  arctica,  R.  Bit.  Dwarf,  glabrous :  the  slender  branches  of  the  cauilox  very  short :  leaves 
short,  linear-oblanceolate :  scape  becoming  2  or  3  inches  high  in  fruit:  pod  nbloiiL' (♦' t" '.' 
lines  long),  obtuse,  beaked  l>y  the  very  short  nearly  sessile  stigmas,  6  to  8-sfeded,  sprcaiiinir : 
seeds  with  loose  rugose  testa. —  R.  Br.  1.  c.  260,  t.  B. — Islands  and  co.v«t  of  Antic 
America,  cast  of  the  Mackenzie  River.  The  Siberian  specimens  referred  to  this  species  by 
Regel  belong  to  the  next. 
P.  macrocarpa,  R.  Br.  Caudex  stout;  the  branches  usually  covered  with  the  remains  of 
dead  leaves :  leaves  ol)long-  to  linear-oblanceolate,  2  to  4  inches  Ion*,'  inclmling  the  long 
petioles,  usually  coarsely  and  sharply  toothed,  glabrous  or  more  or  Ics.'i  rough -pubescent 
tliroughout  with  short  stiff  glandular  hairs:  scape  2  to  6  inches  high  :  flowers  birgc  :  pods 
ascending,  acute  and  t)eakedwiil'  .l.i,,l.  r  style,  an  inch  ..r  twi.  l.-ii'v  (".-;<  smi..! :    sccis 


152  CKLC1FEK.E  Panya. 

broadly  winged.  —  R.  Br.  1.  c.  270.  Canlamme  nudicaulis,  L.  Spec.  ii.  6.54.  Arabis  nudi- 
caulis  .&  Hesperis  scapifjera,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  240,  4.54.  Newoloma  nudicaule  &  scapiyerum, 
DC.  Prodr.  i.  156.  Pai-ri/a  nurf/ctju/j'j,-,  Kegel,  Hull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc  xx.\iv.  pt.  2,  176. — 
Alpiue  peaks  of  the  Uinta  Mountains,  Utah,  Wnlsun ;  Alaska,  from  the  IShuinagiu  Islands, 
Huninyton,  to  the  Arctic  Coast.     (Kamtschatka  to  Arctic  Russia, Thibet,  and  Afghanistan.) 

§  2.  PiioiNiCAULis.  Scape  leafy  :  stigma  nearly  entire  and  capitate  :  seeds 
immarginate ;  cotyledons  obliquely  accuuibent.  —  Nutt.  (us  genus)  in  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  89. 

p.  Menziesii,  Greene.  Caudex  stout ;  the  branches  covered  with  remains  of  dead  leaves : 
leaves  spatulate  or  oblauceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  densely  tomeutose  both  sides  with  fine 
stellate  i)uliescence,  entire,  1  to  4  inches  long;  the  petioles  often  nearly  glabrous :  scapes 
twice  longer  than  the  leaves,  nearly  glabrous ;  bracts  sessile,  oblong  to  linear-lanceolate, 
acute  or  obtuse ;  raceme  many  flowered  :  pods  spreading,  1  to  2  inches  long,  attenuate  to  the 
slender  style,  glabrous,  2-4-seeded.  —  Fl.  Francis.  253.  Hesperis  Menziesii,  Hook.  FL  Bor.- 
Am.  i.  60;  Hook.  &  Am.  Bot.  Beech.  322,  t.  75.  Phcenicaulis  cheiranihoides,  Nutt.  1.  c.i 
Cheiranthus  Menziesii,  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  68;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  35.  — From 
the  Lower  Columbia  River  and  E.  Oregon  to  N.  W.  Nevada,  and  iu  the  mountains  to  Alpine 
Co.,  California. 

Vax.  lanuginosa,  Wat.<on,  n.  var.  Pubescence  more  loose  and  woolly. — Lower 
Columbia  \' alley  east  of  the  Cascades,  Douglas,  Suksdorf;  near  the  mouth  of  the  Chelon, 
WatsMi ;  and  iu  Sierra  Co.,  Calif.,  Lemmon. 

41.  LEAVENWORTHIA,  Torr.  {Dr.  M.  C.  LeavenwortK  U.  S.  A., 
the  discoverer  of  the  first  species,  a  botanist  and  early  collector  in  Florida, 
Louisiana,  and  Arkansas.)  —  Species  very  similar  in  habit.  Peduncles  all  radical 
and  1 -flowered  (1  to  6  inches  long)  or  branching  (a  span  high  or  less),  with,  one 
or  two  leaves  toward  the  base,  and  decumbent.  Seeds  with  a  firm  thick  testa, 
very  minutely  tuberculate.  —  Ann.  Lye' N.  Y.  iv.  87;  Gray,  Gen.  Ill,  i.  139,  &, 
Bot.  Gaz.  v.  25.     [By  S.  Watson.] 

*   Cotyledons  round-cordate  ;  radicle  straight. 

L.  aurea,  Torb.  Leaves  with  few  (1  to  7)  mostly  sinuate  lobes:  petals  emarginate,  4  to  6 
lines  long,  "yellow"  or  white  to  purplish  with  a  yellow  base:  pod  not  torulose,  oblong  to 
linear,  5  to  12  lines  long  including  a  slender  style  1  or  2  lines  long,  4-14-seeded.  —  'J'orr. 
1.  c.  88,  t.  5,  f.  1-8;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  140,  t  57.  L.  Michanxii,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,  31,  in 
part.  —  N.  Alabama,  Leavenworth,  HatiJi,  Peters;  Tennessee,  Buckley;  " Fort  Towson," 
Arkansas,  and  at  "Irish  Bayou  settlement,"  N.  W.  Texas,  Leavenworth. 

*  *  Cotyledons  broad-oval ;  radicle  applied  very  obliqnely  to  th©ir  base 

L.  Michauxii,  Torr.  Leaves  with  usually  numerous  (7  to  15)  acutely  toothed  lobes: 
petals  subtruncate,  2  to  4  lines  long,  white  with  a  yellowish  claw  or  purplish :  pod  not 
torulo.se,  oblong  to  linear,  6  to  15  lines  long,  with  a  short  stout  style  (a  line  long  or  less), 
4-18-seeded:  seeds  rather  larger.  —  Torr.  1.  c.  89,  t.  5,  f.  9-11;  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  v.  26.-^ 
Cfirdamine  ?/n//7o?-rt,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  29.  —  Tennessee,  about  Knoxville,  Michaux,  and  near 
La  Vergne  and  Nashville,  Gattinger;  barrens  of  Kentucky,  Short ;  Clarke  Co.,  Indiana, 
CouUer ;  St.  Louis  Co.,  Missouri,  Lettermnn. 

L.  Stylosa,  Gray,  i.e.  Leaves  usually  about  7-lobed  :  petals  yellow,  emarginate,  4  lines  long : 
pods  not  torulose,  oblong,  4  to  8  lines  long,  not  including  the  slender  style  (2  to  4  lines  long), 
G-8'.seeded.  —  In  wet  places  in  cedar  barrens  near  La  Vergne,  Rutherford  Co.,  Tennessee, 

Gattinger. 

L.  torulosa,  Gray,  1.  c.  Leaves  few-many-lobed  :  petals  purplish  with  a  yellow  base, 
emarginate,  3  or  4  lines  long:    pods  torulose  even  when  young,  linear,  8  to  15  lines  long 

1  Add  SJT1.  PhmnlcauUs  Afenziesii,  Greene,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  143. 

2  Add  syn.  L.  unijlora,  Britten,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  171. 


Denlarla.  '  CKL'CIFKILE.  153 

iucluding  a  stout  style  a  line  or  two  iu  length,  4-U-seeiled. —  L.  aurea,  Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  5730. — Barrens  of  Kentucky,  67ioW;    near  La  Vergno  and  about  N;i«liville,  Tennesht-e, 

GuUiiir/er. 

42.  DENTARIA,  Tourn.  Toothwout,  Peiter-uoot.  (Latin  dens,  a 
tooth,  from  the  tootlied  rootstocks  of  some  of  the  species.)  —  Nearly  or  quite 
glabrous  perennials,  gro\vin<j  in  damp  woods,  and  hlooming  in  early  sj»ring,  rarely 
fruiting;  flowers  large.  Distinguished  from  Cardumine  (with  whic:h  it  has  heeu 
united  by  R.  Brown  and  Bentham  «&  Hooker)  most  obviously  bv  its  habit. 
Tlie  foliage  of  many  species  is  very  variable.  The  stem  is  rarely  branched,  and 
the  styles  are  usually  slender  and  elongated.  The  remaining  spei-ies  are  con- 
fined to  temperate  regions  of  Europe,  with  a  single  species  in  Kastern  Asia ;  none 
are  arctic  or  alpine.  —  Inst.  22.5,  t.  110;  L.  Gen.  no.  040;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i. 
137,  t.  56;  Keichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  30-32.     [By  8.  Watson.] 

*   Kootstock  elongated :    leaves  3-foliolate:    species  of  tlie  Atlantic  States  and  Mi!<.si.x«ij(pi 
Valley. 

D.  diph;^lla,  Micnx.  (Pepper-root.)  Rootstock  several  inches  in  Icngtii,  often  hranched, 
stiimgly  toothed  at  the  numerous  nodes:  cauline  leaves  two,  apjiroximatc  or  opposite;  tlie 
leaflets  very  shortly  petiolulate,  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  sometimes  ol)scurely  lobe<i,  coarsely 
crenate,  the  teeth  al)ruj)tly  acute,  glabrous  or  sparingly  liispid  on  the  veins  beneatii,  often 
minutely  scabrous  on  the  margin,  1  to  4  inches  long :  peduncle  glabrous:  petals  white  or 
pale  purple:  pods  "au  inch  long,  the  style  a  third  of  the  whole  or  more."  —  Fl.  ii.  30; 
Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  146.5;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  87.  D.  bifolia,  Stokes,  Bot.  Mat.  Med  iii. 
443.  Curdamine  diphylla,  Wood,  Bot.  &  Fl.  37.  —  Nova  Scotia  to  South  Carolina,  and  west- 
ward to  Minnesota  and  Kentucky. 

*  *   Kootstock  tuberous,  more  or  less  moniliform. 

■i—  Cauline  leaves  divided  (rarely  all  entire  iu  A  ddi/ornica). 

++   Eastern  closely  related  species. 

D.  laciniata,  Miul.  Tubers  usually  not  jointed,  nor  prominently  tuberdcd,  becoming 
longitudinally  sulcate  :  peduncle  often  pubescent  and  margin  of  the  leaves  scabrous,  as  in 
the  following  species:  cauline  leaves  three  or  two,  usually  verticillate  or  apjiroximatc, 
divided  or  parted  into  three  segments ;  the  lateral  segments  often  dee])ly  2-lobcd,  all  broadl  v 
oblong  to  linear,  more  or  less  laciniately  toothed  (very  rarely  entire),  I  to  4  inches  long'; 
basal  leaves  similar :  petals  pale  rose-color  to  white ;  pods  an  inch  long  or  more,  not  includ- 
ing the  style  (3  to  6  lines);  seeds  orbicular  or  oblong;  cotyledons  very  unoqual,  one  verv 
thick,  the  other  very  small,  half  the  length  of  the  acute  radicle,  which  is  cleft  to  the  middle. 
—  Muhl.  iu  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  479;  Barton,  Fl.  N.  Am.  iii.  4,  t.  72;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  sfi, 
excl.  var.  5.  I>.  ronratenata,  Michx.  1.  c.  Cardumine  laciniata,  Wood,  1.  c.  38. --From 
Quebec  to  Ontario  and  Minnesota,  and  southv/ard  to  Florida  and  Louisiana. 

Var.  multifida,  J.  F.  James.  Tubers  deej>seated  and  slems  erect  in  fruit:  a  slondi  r 
form  with  the  narrowly  linear  segments  of  the  leaflets  usually  more  or  less  divided  into 
linear  lobes.  —  Bot.  (iaz.  xiii.  2.34.  D.  multijida,  Muhl.  Cat.fiO;  Torr.  &  Grav,  1.  c.  87. 
D.  dissecta,  Leavenworth,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  1,  vii.  62.  Cardumine  multijida,  Wood,  1.  c. 
not  Pursh.  — N.  Carolina  and  Georgia  to  Tennessee  and  Alabama. 

D.  heteroph;^lla,  Nctt.  Tubers  jointeil,  narrowly  oblong,  or  lhick-<lavate,  with  scattered 
prominent  "  eyes  "  or  tubercles :  le;vvcs  two  (rarely  three),  opposite  or  alfiTn:ite,  3-folioIate ; 
leaflets  distinctly  petiolulate,  oblong-lanceolate  to  linear,  entire  or  rather  deeply  cnnatc, 
rarely  laciniate  or  lobed,  1  to  3  inches  long;  b.wal  leaves  with  ovate  or  sometimes  lanceo- 
late leaflets,  usually  lobed  or  crenate:  i)ods  nearly  as  in  the  liist;  seeds  orbicular ;  cotyle- 
dons equal  in  length,  one  narrower  by  the  tbiikiiess  of  the  acute  ra<Iicle.  which  is  cleft  to 
above  the  middle.—  Gen.  ii.  66;  Torr.  &  (iray.  Fl.  i.  87.  Cardamine  /irteropfii/lla,  Wo<k1, 
1-  c.  —  Pennsylvania  to  Georgia  and  west  to  Kentucky  and  Teuuessee ;  said  to  bloom  a  week 
later  than  the  jjreceding  sj)ecies. 


154  CRUCIFERyE.  Dentaria. 

D.  maxima,  Nutt.  Tnbers  near  the  surface  and  stems  reclined  in  fruit :  leaves  two  or 
three,  alteruate,  3-foliolate ;  leaflets  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  coarsely  toothed  and  somewhat 
cleft  or  lobed,  1  or  2  inches  long:  pods  as  in  i>.  laciniata;  seeds  round-oblong;  cotyledons 
uneciual,  the  smaller  cuneate-obloug,  half  as  wide  as  the  larger ;  radicle  acute  and  curved 
cleft  to  the  middle.  —  Gen.  ii.  66 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  138,  t.  56.  D.  laciniata,  var.  5,  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  86.  Cardamine  maxima,  Wood,  1.  c.  —  Vermont,  Morgan,  to  Pennsylvania  aud 
Western  New  York ;  said  to  bloom  two  weeks  later  tiian  D.  laciniata.  Nuttall's  original 
specimens  from  Pennsylvania  and  W.  New  York  are  described  as  two  feet  tall  and  with  five 
to  seven  leaves.  Nothing  corresponding  to  this  appears  to  have  been  found  since.  The 
single  small  specimen,  so  named  by  Nuttall  in  the  herb.  Brit.  Mus.,  from  Pennsylvania, 
has  a  pair  of  soj)arafe  ternate  leaves  aud  probably  belongs  to  this  species  or  possibly  to 
D.  diphijila. 

++   ++   Western  species. 

D.*  macrocarpa,  Ni'tt.  Glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent :  stems  simple,  4  to  15  inches  high ; 
joints  of  the  rootstock  about  an  inch  long:  leaves  1  to  3,  approximate,  shortly  petiolate, 
palmately  or  pinnately  3-5-parted  or  -divided,  the  segments  linear  to  oblong,  entire,  obtuse 
or  acute,  ^  to  2  inches  long;  basal  leaves  sometimes  merely  lobed  or  cleft;  the  leaflets 
sessile  or  petiolulate,  often  3-5-lobed  or  -toothed:  raceme  usually  nearly  sessile:  flowers 
purple  or  rose-color;  pods  one  or  two  inches  long  (including  the  style,  usually  3  lines  long) 
and  a  line  l)road  ;  stigma  capitate  aud  entire ;  seeds  oblong ;  cotyledons  somewhat  unequal ; 
the  oblique  radicle  cleft  to  the  base.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  88;  Brew.  &  Wats. 
Bot.  Ciilif.  i.  30.  D.tenella,  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  as  to  pi.  Calif.;  Wats.  ms.  of  present  work, 
not  Pursh.  D.  (/emmala,  Wats,  as  to  pi.  of  Howell,  Pacif.  Coast  PI.  1887  (not  as  to  type 
which  was  later  identified  with  D.  tenella).  Cardamine  Nuttallii,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.  ii.  389.  C.  ^remHia/n,  Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  162. —  N.  California  (Plumas  aud 
Siskiyou  Counties)  to  Brit.  Columbia,  Li/all.^ 

Var.*  pulcherrima,  Robixson,  n.  var.  Flowers  larger  than  in  the  type ;  petals  6  to 
8  lines  long,  4  to  5  lines  broad.  —  Cardamine  •pulcherrima,  Greene,  Erythea,  i.  148.  —  Mosier, 
Oregon,  T.  Howell.  Very  nearly  related  species,  if  distinct  at  all,  are  the  following: 
CaudAmine  sinuIta,  Greene,  1.  c,  with  suborbicular  sinuate-dentate  radical  leaves  aud  roots 
said  to  be  tuberous,  from. Crescent  City,  Calif.,  T.IIoicell,  and  (?)  Cow  Creek  Mts.,  Oregon, 
Henderson;  also  C.  quekcetouum,  Howell,  Erjiihea, iii.  33,  witli  radical  leaves  3-foliolate; 
leaflets  ovate  to  elliptic-oblong,  dentate,  from  Silverton,  Oregon,  T.  Howell.  In  their  flowers, 
young  fruit  (so  far  as  known),  cauline  foliage,  and  general  habit,  these  plants  sliow  such 
a  close  resemblance  to  each  other  and  to  more  robust  forms  of  D.  macrocarpa,  that  the 
specific  distinctions,  derived  chiefly  from  the  subdivision  of  the  radical  leaves  (iu  this  genus 
notably  inconstant),  appear  very  doubtful.  Good  specimens  of  the  roots  (not  at  hand)  may 
furnish  better  distinctions. 

D.*  tenella,  Pursh.  Rootstock  bearing  small  irregular  tubers :  basal  leaves  simple,  rouud- 
cordate,  coarsely  crenate  or  sinuate,  one  or  two  inches  broad ;  the  petiole  bearing  usually 
several  clusters  of  bulblets :  stem  6  to  12  inches  high,  with  one  or  two  nearly  sessile  3-folio- 
late leaves,  sometimes  bulbiferous  in  the  axils ;  leaflets  linear-oblong  or  linear,  obtuse,  entire, 
^  to  2i  inches  long:  raceme  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate  :  flowers  rose-color:  pods  an  inch 
long  and  a  line  wide,  with  a  slender  style  tipped  with  a  broad  distinctly  lobed  stigma.  — 
Fl.  ii.  439 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  87.  D.  'tenuifolia.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  46,  not  Ledeb.  — 
Banks  of  the  Columbia,  Lewis  ;  Washington,  KlikitafCo.,  Suksdorf,  Upper  Nesqually  Val., 
Alic.r). 

D.  Calif ornica,  Nutt.  Tubers  of  the  submoniliform  rootstock  mostly  small :  stem  ^  to  2 
feet  high,  rather  stout,  simple  or  branched  above,  glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent :  foliage 
very  variable ;  basal  leaves  entire  or  3-foliolate ;  the  leaflets  petiolulate,  suborbicular,  cune- 
ate  to  subcordate  at  l)ase,  sinuate  or  coarsely  toothed  ;  cauline  2  to  4,  mostly  shortly  petio- 
late and  above  the  middle  of  the  stem,  3-  or  pinnately  5-foliolate,  rarely  simple  or  lobed ; 

1  The  treatment  of  D.  macrocarpa  and  the  following  species  has  been  revised  in  the  light  of  more 
copious  material.  Nuttall's  species  was  unfortunately  characterized  as  having  3-foliate  radical  leaves 
with  "reniform  "  leaflets.  It  is  stated  that  the  species  was  founded  upon  a  single  specimen,  and  a 
plant,  so  labelled  by  Nuttall  himself,,  is  now  in  herb.  Brit.  Mus.,  and  is  (ace  to  Dr.  Watson)  of  the 
species  here  described. 


Curdamine.  CRUCIFEILE.  ] 


00 


the  loaHets  mostly  i)eti()liilate,  ovate  to  laiueolate  or  linear,  entire  or  toothed,  1  to  .3  inches 
long :  tiowers  while  or  rose-coloretl :  pods  I  to  -l}^  imhes  lung  (style  2  or  3  lines  l<jng)  ;  seeds 
oblong;  cotyledons  thick ;  radicle  decidedly  oblique,  cleft  to  the  middle.  —  Xutt.  in 'I'orr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  88.  D.  inteyri/ulia,  Nutt.  1.  c.  Ccirdamiiie  purjntiea,  Torr.  &  (Jray,  l-'l.  i.  85. 
C.  puiicisecta,  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  297  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  .30.'  C.  cnntuta,  Greene, 
Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  ISci.  i.  74.  —  In  the  Coast  Ranges  from  San  Diego  to  Oregon;  Chico' 
Calif.,  Mrs.  Bidwell;  Vancouver  Island,  Mucoun.  C.  cuneata,  Greene,  from  the  San  Antonio 
Mountains,  Monterey  Co.,  Calif.,  appears  to  be  only  a  slender  form  with  more  divided 
(5-7-foliolate)  leaves,  the  terminal  leaflet  3-parted  and  the  lateral  with  one  or  two  lobes  on 
the  petiolule.  A  specimen  from  Vacaville,  Solano  Co.,  Rattan,  represents  the  opposite 
extreme,  having  the  leaves  all  simple  and  cordate. 

-1—  -i-   Cauline  leaves  undivided  (sometimes  3-foliolate  in  D.  puchijstiijmu). 

D.*  cardiophylla,  Kobinson,  n.  sp.  Glabrous ;  stem  erect  from  a  small  tuber,  usually 
simple,  6  to  12  inches  high:  leaves  2  to  4,  alternate  or  the  pair  nearly  opposite,  round-cor- 
date to  lanceolate,  sinuate  or  acutely  toothed,  ^  to  U  inches  long,  exceeding  the  peticjles : 
peduncle  short:  flowers  rose-color:  pods  1  to  1^  inches  long  and  a  line  iiroad  or  somewhat 
more,  with  a  slender  style  {\l  to  2  lines  long) ;  seeds  ovate;  radicle  oblitiue,  cleft  nearly  to 
the  base,  as  long  as  the  subequal  cotyledons.  —  D.  Californica,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv. 
289,  &  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  430,  in  part.  —  Plumas  Co.,  Calif.,  Mrs.  R.  M.  Austin,  Lemmon.  This 
species,  characterized  and  given  an  unpublished  name  by  Dr.  Watson,  is  with  scarcelv  a 
doubt  the  Cardamine  rardiophi/lla  of  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  266,  described  from  specimens 
collected  in  Solano  Co.,  Calif.,  Je/ison.  Specimens  from  Rock  Creek,  Washington,  (J.  R. 
Vuseij,  appear  to  be  the  same. 

D.  pachystigma,  AVatson,  n.  sp.  Glabrous:  stem  stout,  6  inches  high:  leaves  2  or  3, 
approximate,  simple  and  cordate  to  reniform,  or  sometimes  3-foliolate  and  the  lower  leaflets 
ovate  to  lanceolate,  somewhat  crenate  or  sinuate  or  more  frequently  coarsely  and  acutely 
dentate;  raceme  sessile  or  nearly  so:  pods  1  or  2  inches  long,  1^  or  2  lines  broad,  with  a 
very  short  stout  style  and  small  stigma;  seeds  nearly  orbicular;  cotyledons  very  thick, 
oblique;  the  short  radicle  cleft  nearly  to  the  base.  —  D.  Californica,  var.  pachi/stiijma,  Wats. 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  289,  &  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  430.  —  Plumas  Co.,  Calif.,  Mrs.  Ames,  Mrs.  Austin. 

43.  CARDAMINE,2  Tourn.  {KapSafxivrj,  a  name  cited  by  Dioscorides  as 
given  to  some  sj^ecies  of  cress,  probably  Lepidium  sativum.) — Mostly  glabrous 
plants,  growing  along  watercourses  or  in  moist  places,  for  the  most  part  with 
smaller  flowers,  narrower  pods,  and  smaller  seeds  than  in  Dentaria.  Natives  of 
temperate,  arctic,  and  alpine  regions  of  the  globe.  —  Inst.  224,  t.  1 09 ;  L.  Gen. 
no.  541 ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  245,  &  Prodr.  i.  149  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  70,  excl. 
subgenera.     [By  S.  Watson.] 

*     Leaves  undivided  :  perennials. 
H—  Alpine  or  arctic;    dwarf. 
C.  bellidifolia,  L.     Rootstock  .slender  with  a  branching  caudex;    .stems  very  short :  leaves 
with  a  long  slender  petiole,  ovate  or  elliptical,  occasionally  sul)cordate  and  usually  obtuse, 
rarely  with  one  or  two  lateral  teeth,  1  to  6  lines  long :  peduncles  ^  to  2  inches  long :  flowers 
few,  white  or  pinkish :    pods  erect,  6  to  15  lines  long,  on  pedicels  1  to  3  lines  long,  the  style 
very  .short  and  stout;    radicle  cleft  to  the  middle;    caulicle  thick.  — Spec.  ii.  654;    Fl.  Dan. 
t.  20.     C.  alpina,  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  481  ;    Reichenh.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  10,  t.  25.      C.  Lencnsis, 
Andrz.  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Alt.  iii.  33  ;  Ledeb.  Ic.  t.  268.  —  Mountains  of  Northern  New  England  ; 
Rocky  Mountains  of  Brit.  America,^  Drummond ;    Mt.  Shasta  and  Lassen's  Peak,  Calif.; 
Alaska  and  Arctic  Coast.     (Greenland,  Eu.,  N.  Asia.) 
1  Add  sj-n.  Cardamine  Californica,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  266. 

'^  The  accent  of  this  name,  variously  given  in  botanical  works,  should  be  determined  liy  the  cpi.-in- 
tity  of  the  iota  of  the  Greek,  which  according  to  excellent  authority  is  short,  contrary  to  the  markiii;,' 
in  Harper's  Latin  Lexicon. 

3  Also  reported  from  Avalanche  Mountain  in  the  Selkirk  Range,  by  J.  M.  Macouu,  Bot.  Gaz. 
xvi.  2S6;  and  coll.  in  Clii.iuash  Mts.,  Washington,  Sul^sdorf. 


156  CRUCIFElliE.  Cardaviine. 

^—  •»—  Meadows  and  mountain  sides ;  eastern  species. 

C.  rotundifolia,  Michx.  Kootstock  very  short,  fibrous-rooted  and  very  rarely  at  all 
tuberiferous  :  stem  lax,  decumbent,  becoming  one  or  two  feet  long  ;  the  branches  at  length 
rooting  at  the  end  and  the  raceme  proliferous :  leaves  all  rounded  or  ovate  and  petiolate, 
usually  subcordate,  sinuate;  the  larger  1  or  2  inches  long,  exceeding  the  petioles:  flowers 
white:  pods  few-seeded,  attenuate  to  a  long  slender  style,  6  to  9  lines  long,  on  spreading 
pedicels  about  as  long.  —  Fl.  ii.  30;  Hook.  liot.  Misc.  iii.  241,  t.  109.  C.  rotundifolia,  var. 
7,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  83.  —  In  cool  shaded  springs,  Middletown,  N.  J.,  Willis,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Kentucky,  Short,  and  southward  in  tiie  mountains  to  N.  Carolina. 

C.  rhomboidea,  DC.  Stem  from  a  small  tuberous  base  and  slender  rootstock  bearing 
small  tubers,  erect,  usually  simple,  i  to  2  feet  high,  glabrous  or  sometimes  puberulent 
especially  at  base :  leaves  at  base  long-pctiolate,  rounded  to  ovate  and'^somewhat  cordate, 
sinuate  or  entire;  the  cauline  becoming  oblong-lanceolate  and  sessile  and  often  acutely 
toothed:  flowers  white:  pods  9  to  18  lines  long  including  the  slender  style  (1  to  3  lines 
long),  about  equalling  the  ascending  pedicels:  seeds  small,  orbicular ;  radicle  cleft  to  or 
below  the  middle.  —  Syst.  ii.  246;  Hook.  1.  c.  239,  t.  108;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  136,  t.  55. 
C.  rotundifolia,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c  excl.  vars.i  Arabis  bulbosa,  Schreb.  iu  Muhl.  Trans.  Am. 
rhU.  Soc.  iii.  174.  A.  rliomboidea  &  A.  tuberosa,  Pers.  Syn.  ii.  204.  —  Common  in  Ontario 
and  Minnesota,  southward  to  Florida  and  Texas. 

Var.  purpurea,  Tork.-  Low  (a  foot  high  or  less),  somewhat  loosely  pubescent  or 
rarelv  glabrous:  flowers  purplish  or  rose-color. — Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  56.  C.  rotundifolia,  var.  /3, 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  83.  Arcibis  rhomboidea,  var.  purpurea,  Torr.  Am.  Jour.  8ci.  iv.  66.  — 
Ontario  to  W.  Maryland,  J.  D.  Stnith,  and  westward  to  Wisconsin  and  Kentucky ;  reported 
as^also  collected  by  Drummond  farther  to  the  north.  This  species  closely  approaches 
Dentaria.  Thlaspi  tubei'osum,  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  65,  is  probably  the  same,  from  its  tuberous  root, 
rose-colored  flowers,  and  pubescence,  though  the  pod  is  described  as  orbicular. 
•(—  -i—  -h-  Western  mountain  species,  sometimes  subalpine. 

C.  cordif  olia,  Gray.  Glabrous  or  more  or  less  pubescent  with  spreading  hairs :  stems  erect 
from  a  slender  rootstock,  1  or  2  feet  high,  simple:  leaves  (a  dozen  or  more)  petiolate;  the 
lowest  cordate ;  the  rest  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  acute  or  acutish,  cordate  or  truncate  at  base, 
more  or  less  repaud  or  coarsely  crenate,  1  to  2i  inches  long:  raceme  sessile:  flowers  white: 
pods  10  to  15  lines  long  witli  the  short  style,  on  ascending  pedicels;  radicle  cleft  to  the 
middle.  —  PI.  Fendl.  8.  C.  rhomboidea,  Durand,  Fl.  Utah,  159.  —  Rocky  Mountains,  Col- 
or.ido  to  New  Mexico ;  Wasatch  Mountains,  Utah. 

C.  Lyallii,  Watson.     Glabrous :    stem  erect  from  a  running  rootstock,  simple  or  branched, 

1  or  2  feet  high :  leaves  few  (4  to  8),  petiolate,  reniform  to  cordate,  sinuate,  1  to  3  inches 
broad :  raceme  pedunculate :  flowers  white :  pods  an  inch  long  or  less,  ratlier  shortly  attenu- 
ate to  a  very  short  style,  on  spreading  pedicels;  radicle  cleft  to  the  middle.  —  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  xxii.  406.  C.  cordifolia,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  19,  in  part;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
viii.  376;  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Expcd.  229.  —  Cascade  Moimtains,  iriVi-es,  Ly all.  Halt  (no. 
29),  G.  R.  Vasey,  J.  Hoioell ;  Blue  Mountains,  Oregon,  Cusick;  Clover  Mountain.s,  N. 
Nevada,  Watson ;  and  Placer  Co.,  Calif/,  near  Truckee,  Sonne.  Resembling  the  European 
C.  asarifolia,  the  stem  of  which  is  branched  above  and  the  pod  more  attenuate. 

*  *  Radical  leaves  mostly  entire ;  the  cauline  3-5-foliolate. 
+-  Eastern  species. 
C*  (?)  curvisiliqua,  Shuttl.^  Aquatic,  glabrous,  decumbent,  rooting  in  mud  at  base: 
stems  elongating,  furrowed :  earliest  leaves  entire,  suborbicular,  long-petioled ;  the  later 
ones  pinnate ;  leaflets  obovate  or  oval,  rounded  at  the  apex,  very  shallowly  lobed  or  quite 
entire,  acute  at  the  base :  flowers  small :  petals  narrow,  a  line  and  a  half  in  length  :  fruiting 
raceme  elongated,  very  loose,  the  rhachis  often  flexuous,  the  pedicels  divaricate:   pods 

^  Add  syn.  C.  bulbosa,  Britton,  Sterns  &  Poggenburg,  Prelim.  Cat.  N.  Y.  4. 

2  This  variety  has  been  raised  to  specific  rank  by  Dr.  Britton  as  C.  Dmglnssii,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad. 
Sci.  ix.  8,  being  the  Arnbis  Douglnssii,  Torr.  (used  as  synonym)  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  83. 

8  This  species,   although  referred  by  Dr.   Watson   to    Cardamine,  was  not   described   iu   his 
manu.script. 


Cardamine.  CRUCIFER.E.  ]-j7 

slender,  nearly  terete,  curving  upward,  aliout  10  lines  in  length.  —  Shultleworth  in  distr. 
Kugel;  (iray,  I'roc.  Am.  Atad.  xv.  40.  Nasturtium  officln<il( ,  'I'oir.  &.  (irav,  Fl.  i.  fifiO,  ui.t 
L.  N.  sti/losnm,  Shuttl.  a<f.  to  Gray,  1.  c.  —  On  river  l)anks,  &i:,  Florida,' A'l/vc/,  h',i,<n- 
ii-orth,  Garber,  Rnthrork,  Simpson,  Cmiiss.  A  fij)Ccios  with  tlie  linl.it  of  Xnsturlium  offinmilc, 
and,  but  for  its  long  slender  pods  and  uniseriiUe  socfls,  to  lie  referred  to  that  genus. 
C.  Clematitis,  Sm nr..  Olahrous:  rootstock  slender:  stem  lax,  simple  or  l.ran.hed,  a 
foot  high:  radical  h-avcs  small,  rcniforni-oordate,  occasionally  with  a  pair  of  nmch  smaller 
leaflets  on  the  petiole;  cauline  petiolate;  the  petiole  sagittately  appendaged  at  lia.se; 
terminal  leaflet  reniform  to  oldong  and  sul)hastately  3-lobed  ;  the  lateral  oi)li(iue  and  very 
variable:  raceme  nearly  sessile:  Howers  white:  pods  aliout  an  inch  long,  with  a  long 
slender  style ;  radicle  cleft  a  third  of  its  length.  —  .Shuttl.  in  Wats.  IJibl.  Index,  5.'J,  exd. 
syn. ;  Chapm.  Fl.  cd.  2,  G05 ;  Gray,  Froc.  Am.  Acad.  xv.  45.  —  Sj.rings  ami  moist  phues  in 
tiie  Soutlicru  Allcghaiiies ;  1  Sumky  Moiintaius, /i«</e/,  Koan  Muuntain,  G'mw  ;  Alabama, 
Buckley. 

■i—  -1—   Western  s])ecics. 

C.  Breweri,  Watson.  Glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent  below:  stems  from  a  sIimkUt  rnn- 
iiiug  rootstock,  erect  or  decumbent  at  base,  usually  branched,  a  foot  high  or  more  :  radical 
leaves  simple  or  with  a  pair  of  small  rounded  lateral  leaflets,  round-cordate,  entire  or  sinu- 
ate ;  the  cauline  with  usually  rounded  and  sinuate  or  sometimes  lobed  leaflets  ;  the  uiipcr 
more  oblong  or  lanceolate:  flowers  small,  white:  pods  8  to  12  lines  long,  with  a  slmrt 
thick  style,  ascending  or  erect  on  pedicels  2  to  4  lines  long;  radicle  scarcelv  cleft.  —  Fmc. 
Am.  Acad.  x.  339;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  31.  —  In  the  Sierra  Nevada  near  Sonora 
Fass,  Brewer,  and  near  Carson  City,  Andcrsim;  Ilnmltoldt  Co.,  Calif.,  Rattan;  Oregon,  Hail 
(no.  31),  Howell;  Teton  Range,  Idaho,  Cuulter ;  Henry's  Fork,  I/ajji/en.- 

C.  angulata,  Hook.  Glabrous  or  more  or  less  puljescent :  stem  erect  from  a  rather  slender 
running  root.stock,  simple,  1  or  2  feet  high :  leaves  all  3-foli(.late  or  sometimes  5-foliolate; 
leaflets  ovate  to  oblong,  usually  cuneate  at  base  and  coarsely  3-5-toothed  or  the  lateral 
entire;  the  terminal  not  greatly  larger  than  the  lateral,  about  an  inch  long,  exceeding  the 
petioles:  racemes  short,  few-flowered:  flowers  white,  larger-  ])ods  about  9  lines  long  incliul- 
ing  the  style  (1  line  long),  on  spreading  or  divaricate  pedicels.  —  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  44,  &  Bot. 
Jlisc.  i.  343,  t.  69.  —  Cascade  Mountains  of  Oregon  and  Washington;  Fuget  Sound,  H7M<s. 

C.  purpurea,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  Glabrous  or  sj)aringly  hirsute-  .stems  erect,  2  to  G 
inches  high:  cauline  leaves  oue  or  two;  leaflets  entire,  round-oval  or  ovate,  acute ;  the 
terminal  subcordate  and  somewhat  3-lobed  :  raceme  few-flowered,  often  subtended  by  a 
3-lobed  foliaceous  bract:  flowers  rather  large,  often  jjurple  or  rose-colored:  pods  erect, 
nearly  an  inch  long ;  style  short,  stout.  —  Linnaea,  i.  20 ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  44.  —  Arctic 
Alaska;  also  ou  the  Asiatic  side  of  Bering  Strait,  ]Vrii//it.  A  very  imperfectly  known 
species. 

*  *   *  Leaves  all  pinnately  divided  with  several  pairs  of  leaflets. 
-!—  Flowers  rather  large  :  petals  (except  in  C.  prntensis,  var.  occidentahs)  3  or  4  lines  long. 

C.  pratensis,  L.  Glabrous  or  somewhat  pubescent  below :  stems  erect  from  usually  a  very 
sliort  rootstock  or  rarely  subtuberous  fibnuis-rooted  bnse,  branched,  a  foot  high  or  more : 
radical  leaves  with  small  rounded  leaflets  1  to  4  lines  broad ;  leaflets  of  the  upper  leaves 
oblong  to  linear  or  oblanceolate,  entire  or  rarely  toothed,  2  to  10  lines  long;  flowers  rather 
large  (3  to  6  lines  long)  in  a  broad  corymb,  white  to  deep  rose-color:  ])ods  9  to  15  lines  long 
and  a  line  wide,  on  ascending  pedicels  ;  style  short,  rather  stout.  —  Spec.  ii.  656  ;  DC.  Syst. 
ii.  256 ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am,  i.  45 ;  Torr'  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  84 ;  Lange,  Medd.  Qnen.  iii.  48. 
C.  digitaia,  Richards,  in  Frankl.  1st  Journ.  ed.  1,  App.  743  (reprint,  p.  15). — Labrailor  to 
New  Brunswick;  Bristol,  Vermont,  Priiir/le;  New  Jersey;  Central  New  York".  Onturio.^  and 
Lake  Superior  ami  northward  to  the  Arctic  Ocean  ;  Ala^ska.  Barely  collected  in  fruit. 
C.  digitutd,  Richards,  appears  to  be  an  arctic  form  with  the  leaves  reduced  to  a  few  approxi- 
mate linear  leaflets. 

1  Nortliward  to  White  Top  Mt.,  S.  W.  Virginia,  Small;  also  on  Grandfatlicr  .Mt.,  N.  r,  .>  .,  ...  .^;: 
Hdler. 

2  Northward  to  Vancouver  Isl.,  Mncnun. 

3  Sonthwaid  into  Michii^an  and  even  N.  Indiana,  Van  Gordcr. 


158  CRUCIFERiE.  Cardamine. 

Vax.  occidentalis,  Watson,  n.  var.  A  stout  leafy  form,  with  small  flowers  (2  Hues 
long),  fruiting  freely.  —  Sauvies  Islaml  aud  Oregon  City,  Oregon,  /loivell,  Henderson. 
Specimen:?  from  Eagle  aud  Washoe  Valleys,  Nevada,  Stretch,  have  blunt  styleless  pods  18 
Hues  loug,  aud  are  perhaps  distiuct. 
C.  Gambelii,  Watson.  Kather  stout  and  tall  (2  or  3  feet  high)  but  lax,  decumbent  at  base 
aud  rooting  at  the  lower  joints,  glabrous  or  sparingly  soft-\nllous,  branched :  leaflets  4  to  6 
I)airs,  ovate-oblong  to  linear,  usually  cuneate  at  base  and  acute,  mostly  few-toothed,  rj  to  1 
inch  long :  raceme  nearly  sessile,  becoming  elongated :  flowers  white,  3  or  4  lines  long ; 
pedicels  slender,  divaricate,  equalling  the  narrow  erect  or  ascending  often  curved  pod  (6  to  12 
lines  Kmg) :  stvle  slender,  a  Hue  long.  — Troc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  147,  &  Bot.  Calif,  j.  30  (where 
by  error  Gambellii).  C.  Schaffneri,  Hook,  f  in  Hemsl.  Diag.  PI.  Nov.  i.  2,  &  Biol  Cent.- 
Am.  Bot.  i.  32.  —  S.  California  from  San  Bernardino  to  Santa  Barbara,  in  swamps  and 
ditches.     (Mex.) 

-1—  -I—  Flowers  smaller:  petals  a  line  or  two  in  length. 
++  Capsule  mostly  20-30-sceded. 
C*  hirsuta,  L.^  Low,  3  to  8  or  10  inches  high ;  root  single,  very  slender  and  with  or  without 
long  filiiorm  branches :  leaves  chiefly  basal  and  persisting  in  a  rosulate  cluster :  leaflets 
roundish  in  outline,  undnlately  few-lobed,  appressed-hispidulous  above ;  those  of  the  few 
cauline  leaves  oblong :  flowers  small :  petals  white,  once  and  a  half  to  twice  the  length  of 
the  sejials :  stameus  4  :  pods  erect  on  nearly  erect  or  even  appressed  ])edicels.  —  Spec.  ii. 
655  ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  659  ;  Reicheub.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  t.  26  ;  Brittou,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix. 
219.  —  Woods,  Middle  Atlantic  States  from  S.  Pennsylvania,  Small,  toN.  Carolina,  T.  J. 
Browne.  Abundant  about  Washington,  D.  C. ;  perhaps  introduced  ;  fl.  April,  May. 
C*  parviflora,  L.  Very  slender,  glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent  upon  the  stem,  subsimple, 
erect  or  nearlv  so :  root  at  first  single,  becoming  a  fascicle  of  delicate  fibres :  stem  often 
somewhat  flexuous,  6  or  8  inches  high,  leafy  :  leaflets  small ;  those  of  the  lower  leaves  oblong 
(rarely  suborbicular),  of  the  upper  linear,  very  narrow;  flowers  as  in  the  preceding,  but 
petals"  mostly  narrower  and  relatively  longer :  stamens  normally  6 :  pods  erect  upon  spread- 
ing-ascending  pedicels.  —  Syst.  Nat' ed.  10,  1131,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  914;  DC.  1.  c.  261; 
Reicheub.  1.  c. ;  Britton,  1.  c.  220.  C.  Virginica,  Michx.  Fl.  ii  29,  not  L.  C.  hirsuta,  var. 
sijlcatica,  of  Am.  authors,  not  C.  sylvatica,  Link.  C  Jle.vuosa,  Britton,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad. 
Sci.  ix.  9.  C.  arenkola,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix.  220.— Sandy  and  rocky  soil,  E. 
New  England  to  Georgia  and  across  the  continent  to  Oregon.  In  moist  situations  becom- 
ing stouter  and  jierhaps  passing  to  the  usually  w^ell  marked 
C.*  Pennsylvanica,  Muhl.  Larger,  a  foot  or  two  in  height,  more  leafy,  branching  and  of 
laxer  growth,  nearly  or  quite  glabrous :  roots  a  fascicle  of  numerous  slender  fibres :  leaflets 
of  the  lower  leaves  roundish  or  short-oblong ;  of  the  upper  oblong,  with  rounded  apex  aud 
narrowed  base,  commonly  more  or  less  decurreut  upon  the  rhachis,  usually  half  inch  or 
more  ivi  length  and  I  to  3  lines  in  breadth  :  flowers  as  in  the  last :  stamens  6  :  pods  suberect 
upon  ascending  and  more  or  less  spreading  pedicels.  —  Muhl.  in  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  486  ;  DC. 
1.  c.  258  ■  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  144 ;  Britton,  1.  c.  219.  C.  hirsuta,  of  authors,  as  to  Am.  pi.  iu  great 
part,  not  L.  C.  flexuosn,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  iv.  103,  if  correctly  shown  by  Mr. 
Small's  specimen  from  Mt.  Rogers,  Va.,  appears  to  be  a  form  of  the  same  species  with  some- 
what more  spreading  pods.  — Moist  places,  chiefly  iu  shade,  Newfoundland  to  Florida  aud 
acro.ss  the  continent  to  Central  California  and  north  to  Alaska ;  common  ;  fl.  according  to 
locality  from  April  to  July.  Var.  Brittoniana,  0.  A.  Farwell  (Asa  Gray  Bull.  uo.  7, 46  ;  the 
measurements  obviously  incorrect),  if  of  this  species,  must  be  an  exceptional  form,  witli 
lateral  leaflets  few,  reduced,  or  obsolete.  —  N.  Michigan. 

++  ++  Capsule  fewer (8-20  J-.'^eedcd:  western  species. 
C.  Oligosperma,  Nutt.  Annual,  rarely  sending  out  roots  at  the  lower  joints,  slender, 
hirsute  or  nearly  glabrous,  a  foot  high  or  less  :  leaflets  small,  petiolulate,  roundish,  often  3-5- 
lobed  or  -toothed,  in  the  upper  leaves  sometimes  narrower :  raceme  usually  few-flowered  and 
shortlv  pedunculate-  flowers  small  (1  line  long),  white:  pods  erect,  6  to  10  lines  long,  8-20- 
seeded ;  style  very  short.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  85  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i. 
30.  —  From  Central  California  to  Vancouver  Island,  in  low  wet  places. 

1  Dr.  Watson's  description  of  this  species  has  been  revised  to  exclude  the  two  following,  which, 
althousili  very  nearly  related,  generally  appear  distinct,  as  recently  pointed  out  by-Dr.  Britton, 


Arabis.  CRUCIFER.E.  159 

44.  Arabis,  L.  Rock  Ckess.  (Xame  from  the  country  Arnhki.)  — 
Aimiiiils  or  perennials  mostly  of  erect  habit,  nearly  all  of  the  Northern  Tem- 
perate and  Arctic  Zones.  Pubescence  branched  or  stellate,  rarely  simple  or 
none.  Flowers  white,  purple,  or  more  rarely  stramineous,  in  more  or  less  elon- 
gated racemes.  Leaves  mostly  lanceolate  or  spatulate,  entire,  dentate,  or  less 
frequently  pinnatifid.  —  Gen.  no.  o44 ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  213;  Keichenb.  Ic.  Fj. 
Germ.  ii.  t.  3;J-4-i  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  o8 ;  Iknlli.  it  llouk.  (Jen.  i.  G'J.  Tar- 
ritU,  L.  Gen,  no.  o4G.     [By  8.  Watsux.] 

§  1.  SiSYMBufxA,  Watson.^  Seeds  oblong  or  elliptical,  very  small,  wing- 
less ;  cotyledons  often  more  or  less  oblique.  Jiiennial  or  [)erennial.  rubescenee, 
if  any,  usually  simple  upon  the  upper  parts,  but  invarialjly  forked  to  some  extent 
when  present  upon  the  lowest  leaves. 

*  Leaves  all  i)iiiii:itely  (livided  ,  scsj^imMits  lilifonn. 
A.*  filifolia,  (iRKKXE.  A  delicate  glal)i(>u.s  somewhat  glaiuous  aiiuual,  8  iiiclies  to  a  foot  in 
heii;lit,  stem  Hexuoiis  or  somewhat  genic-ulate  and  hranched  ahove  :  flowers  roseate  or 
pnrple  :  ])etals  ohovate,  jjatulous,  2  to  3  lines  in  length,  about  twice  the  length  of  the  cakx ; 
pods  narrowly  linear,  acute,  about  15  lines  in  length,  spreading-ascending. — Bull.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.  ii.  390,  Carclamine  Jihfolia,  Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  30.  —  Santa  Cruz  IsL,  Calif., 
Greene,  Braiidefjee.  A  species  of  doubtful  position.  Mature  seeds  have  not  been  seen.  ^1, 
pectlnata,  Greene,  Tittonia,  i.  287,  of  Lower  California,  is  nearly  related. 
*  *  Radical  leaves  lyrately  pinnatifid  ,  segments  short  and  bruad  ;  cauline  not  auriculate 
at  tlie  base. 
A.  lyrata,  L.  slender,  brandling  from  the  base,  glabrous  or  rarely  somewhat  hairy  at  the 
base :  the  stems  ascending,  a  foot  high  or  less  :  basal  leaves  with  few  and  small  lateral  seg- 
ments or  pinuately  lobcd,  often  all  entire,  oblanceolate  or  spatulate  to  linear:  petals  white 
or  pinkish,  2  to  4  lines  long ,  pods  ascending  on  slender  pedicels  3  to  6  lines  long,  very  nar- 
row with  a  short  stout  style,  straight  or  slightly  curved;  the  valves  ratiier  thick,  firm,  and 
nerved  nearly  to  the  top.  —  Spec.  ii.  665,  A.  pelnm.  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  67,  in  part.  Hisyni- 
biinm  arabldonlis,  Hook,  Fl.  Bor.-Am  i.  63,  t.  21,  at  least  in  part.  Cunlumiuc  spathuUila, 
Michx.  Fl.  ii.  29.  —  From  the  Great  Lakes  to  Connecticut  and  New  .Jersey,  and  southward 
along  the  Alleghanies  to  N.  Carolina  and  Tennessee.-  Southward  it  becomes  decidedly 
perennial,  with  more  lax  and  slender  stems,  and  the  pods  with  thinner  and  scarcely  nerved 
valves.  No  seeds  have  been  examined  with  cotyledons  so  strictly  incuml)ent  as  figured  and 
described  Ijy  Hooker. 

Var.  OCcidentalis,  Watson,  n.  var.  Pods  with  sessile  .stigma  or  a  very  short  and 
thick  style  ;  tlie  valves  rather  tliin  but  often  faintly  nerved  to  the  top.  — .1.  amhitjua,  DC. 
Syst.  ii.  231,  in  part;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  81.  A.  petnra,  var.,  Regel,  Bull,  Soc.  Nat,  Mo.sc. 
XXXV.  pt.  2,  163. —From  Alaska  to  British  Columbia  and  the  eastern  .side  of  the  Rocky 
Mts.  in  Brit.  America;  l\)int  Peloc  on  Lake  Krio,  .]r<iroini.  (Kamtschatka,  \Vn';iht.)  The 
true  ^1.  petrmt.  Lam.,  as  it  occurs  in  Eurojje,  appears  to  l)e  distin-juished  from  all  American 
forms  by  its  usually  broader  and  blunter  pod,  more  broadly  elliptical  or  noarlv  orbicular 
seed,  and  the  cotyledons  strictly  accumbent.  The  Greenhunl  specimens  referred  to  this 
species  as  a  variety,  with  pilose  siliques  and  pedicels  (Lange,  Mcdd.  Gra'u.  iii,  49),  are  more 
probaI)ly  the  same  as  Hooker's  Sisi/mhrinin  humile. 

*   *   *    Radical  leaves  oblanceolate,  toothed  or  entire. 
-I—  Cauline  leaves  not  auriculate. 
A.  humifusa,  Watson.     Glabrous,  branching  from  the  Imse  :    the  low  decumbent  stems  6 
inches  high  or  less,  simple  or  l)r:inched  :    radical  leaves  usually  numerous,  few-toothed,  an 
inch  loni:  or  less  ,  the  petioles  rarely  slightly  ciliate ;  cauline  leaves  spatulate-oblanceolate, 

1   /'.-..(/(/a/niJA-,  Wats,  in  Cray,  Man,  e.l,  6,  67,  &  Proc.  Am.  Arad.  xxv.  121,  Vmt  not   of  Endl,, 
wliirli,  lifing  Pseudoarahls  of  C.  A    IMeyt-r,  dcpenils  upon  a  <hti'ercnt  siibdivi.siou  of  tlif  -<iuis. 
-  S.  Missouri,  Eggert, 


160  CRUCIFER.E.  Arabb. 

mostly  entire :  petals  white,  2  lines  long  :  pods  (immature)  an  inch  long  by  two  thirds  Hue 
wide,  straight,  abruptly  tipped  witli  a  very  short  thick  style,  ascending  on  slender  pedicels  3 
to  4  lines  long;  valves  nearly  nervelos  (3-nerved  ace.  to  V^ahl) :  seeds  in  2  rows;  the  "coty- 
ledons incumbent." — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxv.  124.  Sisi/mhrimn  humlfiisiim,  Va.\il,Fl.  l^nu. 
t.  2297  •  Lange,  Medd.  Gra'n.  iii.  51. —  Ungara  Bay,  N.Labrador,  Turner.  (Greenland.) 
The  cutylcdoDs  arc  said  to  be  incumbent,  but  are  represented  only  partially  so  in  the  figure. 
Var.  pubescens,  Watsox,  n.  var.  Lower  leaves  and  base  of  the  stem  pubescent.  — 
York  Factory,  Bell,  Macottn.  The  mature  pods  of  this  variety,  which  appears  to  differ  only 
in  its  pubescence  from  the  Greenland  form,  have  the  valves  distinctly  nerved,  and  the  nar- 
row acute  seeds  with  obliijue  cotyledons,  as  represented. 
A.*  Nuttallii,  Robinson,  n.  sp.^  Biennial  or  usually  perennial  with  a  branching  rootstock : 
stems  simple  and  slender,  a  span  high  or  less,  erect  or  ascending,  glabrous  above,  more  or 
less  hirsute  below  with  rather  long  simple  and  often  forked  hairs .  radical  leaves  spatulate- 
oblanceolate,  acutish  or  obtuse,  entire,  an  inch  long  or  less ;  cauline  narrowly  oblong  to 
elliptical,  sessile  ;  petals  2  to  3  lines  long,  white  :  ])ods  short,  6  to  9  lines  long  by  one  third 
line  wide,  somewhat  attenuate  to  a  rather  stout  style;  valves  slightly  convex,  1 -nerved  and 
faintly  veined  :  seeds  in  1  row,  elliptical ;  cotyledons  accumbeut ! — A.  s/iathtilata,  tiutt.  in 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  81 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  32 ;  not  DC.  —  iMountains  of  W.  Mon- 
tana to  N.  Utah,  N.  Nevada,  and  E.  Washington,  chiefly  on  low  ground  in  valleys, 
-i—  -I—  Cauline  leaves  auriculate. 
A.  Hookeri,  Lange.  Stems  several  from  a  biennial  (or  perennial  ? )  branching  rootstock, 
slender,  ascending,  branched,  a  span  high,  hirsute  below  with  simple  or  forked  hairs :  radical 
leaves  oblanceolate,  acute,  sinuate-dentate,  2  inches  long  or  less,  rather  densely  hirsute  with 
short  forked  hairs ;  petioles  ciliate  ;  cauline  leaves  lanceolate  to  linear  with  a  cla.«ping  sagit- 
tate base,  mostly  entire  :  sepals  and  pedicels  hairy  :  petals  white,  2  lines  long  :  pods  1  to  \\ 
inches  long  by  tliree  fourths  line  broad,  somewhat  attenuate  to  a  very  short  thick  style, 
ascending  or  spreading  upon  spreading  pedicels  3  to  6  lines  long;  valves  1-nerved;  seeds  in 
2  rows,  minute,  oblong;  cotyledons  incumbent  thougli  slightly  oblique. — Medd.  Green,  iii. 
50.  Turiitis  mollis,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  40;  Horuem  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2296. —  Shore  of  the 
Arctic  Sea  between  107°  and  130°  W.  longitude,  Iiicluirdso)i.  (Greenland.) 
A.  dentata,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Biennial,  branching  from  the  base,  pubescent  throughout  with 
fine  mostly  stellate  pubescence :  stems  lax,  ascending  or  decumbent,  1  to  2  feet  long :  leaves 
all  acutely  and  irregularly  dentate,  very  rarely  the  lower  lyrate-pinnatifid  ;  the  radical  petio 
late,  obovate  to  oblanceolate :  flowers  very  small  and  nearly  sessile ;  petals  white,  a  line 
long:  pods  very  narrow,  nearly  straight,  widely  spreading,  8  to  12  lines  long,  glabrous,  on 
pedicels  an  inch  long,  beaked  by  a  very  short  thick  style ;  valves  very  faintly  l-nerved  at 
base;  seeds  oblong,  in  1  row,  wingless,  minute;  cotyledons  obliiiue.  —  Fl.  i.  80;  Torr.  Fl. 
TSf.  Y.  i.  54,  t.  7.  Sisymbrium  dentalum,  Torr.  in  Short,  PI.  Kentucky,  3d  Suppl.  338.  —  New 
York  to  Michigan  and  Minnesota,  south  to  the  Potomac,  Tennessee,  and  Mis.souri. 
A.  perfoliata,  Lam.  (Tower  Mistard.)  Glaucous:  stem  erect,  solitary,  simple,  usually 
stout  and  2  to  5  feet  high,  commonly  hairy  near  the  base:  radical  leaves  lyratcly  ]jinnatifid 
to  sjiatulate-oblanceolate  and  tootlied,  usually  more  or  less  hirsute  or  coarsely  stcdlate-pubes- 
cent ;  cauline  glabrous,  entire  or  the  lower  toothed,  lanceolate  to  oblong,  auricled  at  base, 
1  to  4  inches  long:  petals  yellowish  white,  2  to  3  lines  long:  fruiting  pedicels  2  to  6 
lines  in  length :  pods  strictly  erect,  1 J  to  4  inches  long  by  one  half  to  two  thirds  line  wide, 
beaked  with  a  short  stout  style  or  the  broad  scarcely  2-lobed  or  cupulate  stigma  nearly 
sessile;  valves  rather  rigid,  1-nerved  and  veined;  seeds  crowded,  irregular,  somewhat  tur- 
gid, nearly  marginless ;  cotyledons  partially  incumbent  —  Diet.  i.  219.  Turritis  ghhra, 
L.  Spec.  ii.  666.  T.  macrocarpn,  Nntt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  78.  —  From  the  Lower  St. 
Lawrence  through  New  England  (where  infrequent)  to  New  Jersey  and  westward  to  the 
SaskatcheAvan,  south  in  the  Rocky  Mts.  to  Colorado  and  N.  Utah ;  on  the  Pacific  Slope  from 
Oregon  to  S.  California.  (L.  Calif.,  Eu.,  Asia.)  The  cotyledons  vary  from  accumbent  to 
incumbent  in  the  same  pod. 

§  2.    EuARABis.     Seeds  in  one  row,  at  least  when  mature,  orbicular  or  broadly 
elliptical,  more  6r  less  wing-margined ;  cotyledons  strictly  accumbent. 

1  The  name  of  this  species  has  been  altered  on  account  of  tha  older  and  still  valid  homonym. 


Arahls.  CllUCJFKR/E.  161 

*  Leaves  {at  least  the  ba.-<al)  more  or  less  lyratol.v  piiii.iitifi<j ;  tlie  eauliiie  ii-.t  oonlate  uor 
aui-iculatc  at  base:  j)ul)esceiice  of  simple  (rarely  forke<ll  liaiis. 
A.  Ludoviciana,  C.  A.  Mkykk.  Decumbeiitly  brancliing  from  tlic  I>a«e,  somewliat  liir- 
sute  witli  slinrt  spreadiug  simple  liairs :  leaves  narrowly  oMoiig,  ail  deeply  piiinatiH.l  with 
nearly  uniform  oi.long  to  linear  segments,  mostly  ol)ii(|uely  l-2-toothe(l:  flowers  small, 
white,  on  very  short  pedicels  :  jwds  spreading,  9  to  15  lines  long  hy  two  thirds  line  l.road,' 
on  pedicels  1  to  3  lines  long,  beaked  by  a  short  jjoiiited  style ;  valves  faijttlv  veined  and 
obscurely  1-nerved  at  I)iise;  seeds  narrowly  winged.  — Ind.  Sem.  H(jrt.  J'elrop.  ix.  G0.» 
Canhniiine  Vinjinicu,  L  Spec.  ii.  656.  C.  Liulocldana,  Hook.  Jour.  Bot.  i.  191.  C.  Emjel- 
manniana,  "Ind.  Sera.  Uort.  Berol.  1840."  — Virginia  to  S.  Carolina,  and  west  to  Missouri 
and  Texas;  Pt.  Loma,  S.  Calif.,  Cleveland;  fl.  March  to  May. 

A.  petiolaris,  Grav.  Stem  erect,  tall,  simple  or  branching  above,  glabrous  or  sparingly 
l.ul)cscent  with  reflexed  simple  hairs:  radical  leaves  few,  often  large  and  rather  thick,  some- 
what lyrately  piunatifid  with  a  few  (5  to  7)  sinuately  toothed  segments,  glabrous  or  sini'iewliat 
haivy  ;  cauline  leaves  all  petioled  ;  the  lower  pinuatifid  (jr  usually  hastatelv  lob.-.j ;  the  U|.])it 
lanceolate  to  linear,  acuminate,  entire  or  somewhat  sinuate:  flowers  purplish,  2  to  3  lines 
long :  pods  ascendiug,  2  to  3  inches  long  by  1|  to  2  lines  broad,  on  pedicels  3  to  5  lines  long, 
beaked  by  a  .slender  style;  valves  veined,  1-uerved  below  the  middle;  seeds  broadly  winged! 
—  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  187.  Streptanlhm  petiolaris.  Gray,  Tl.  Fendl.  7.  S.  Brazf>eiisis, 
Bnckl.  Proc.  Acad.  PhQad.  1861,  448.  — AV.  Texas,  from  the  Colorado  to  the  IJio  Grande: 
fl.  March  to  May. 

*   *   Radical  leaves  dentate  (rarely  lyrately  piunatifid  in  .1.  Canadensis);    the  cauline  not 
cordate  nor  auriculate  at  base:   pubescence  of  simjile,  forked,  or  somewhat  stellately 

branched  hairs. 

A.  blepharoph^lla,  Hook.  &  Arn.  Biennial  or  perennial,  branched  at  bise  or  simple: 
stems  glabrous  or  somewhat  hirsute  below  with  forked  hairs,  a  foot  high  or  less :  radical 
leaves  oblong  to  obovate-oblanceolate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  ciliate  with  forked  hairs;  cauline 
oblong,  sessile,  dentate  or  entire :  flowers  large,  rose-colored :  pedicels  and  calyx  substel- 
lately  pubescent;  sepals  often  colored,  broad,  2  to  3  lines  long;  petals  6  lines  long:  pods 
erect  or  ascending  on  pedicels  2  to  4  lines  long,  nearly  straight,  9  to  12  lines  long  by  about 
a  line  broad,  abruptly  beaked  by  a  short  stout  style ;  valves  veined,  l-nerved  ;  seeds"  round- 
elliptical,  narrowly  winged  or  scarcely  margined.  —  Bot.  Beech.  321 ;  Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  6087.  —  California,  on  low  hills  near  the  coast,  from  San  Francisco  to  Monterev ;  fl.  in 
very  early  sjiring. 

A.  furcata,  Watson.  Perennial:  stems  several  from  a  branching  rootstock,  slender,  erect 
or  ascending,  glabrous,  a  f«Jot  high  or  less:  radical  leaves  ovate  to  c^blorig-ohlanceolato, 
obtuse  or  acute,  sparingly  tootlied,  1  to  2  inches  long;  cauline  sessile,  oblong  to  linear', 
entire  or  sparingly  toothed:  petals  white,  3  to  5  lines  long,  more  than  twice  longer  than  the 
calyx :  pods  8  to  20  lines  long,  straight  or  nearly  so,  attenuate  to  a  rather  short  style  :  seeds 
oblong-elliptical,  winged  at  the  lower  end.  —Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  362.  —Cascade  Mts.  of 
Oregon  and  Washington  near  Hood  Kiver  and  Mt.  Adams,  Suksdorf,  Howell  Bros.,  Mrs. 
Barren,  fjraiide;/ee,  Henderson. 

Var.  purpurascens,  Watson,  n.  var.  Whole  plant  usually  purplish  :  stem  some- 
what puliescent:  flowers  purple.  —  A.  purpurascens,  Howell,  Pittonia.  i.  161.  — Eight  Dollar 
Mt.,  Walilo  Co.,  Southwestern  Oregon,  7\  Howell. 

A.  repanda,  Watsox.  Biennial:  -etem  stout  and  tall,  branching,  pubescent  throughout 
with  sJiort  and  mostly  stellately  forked  hairs,  usually  longer  and  simpler  at  luise :  leaves 
narrowly  obovatc  to  oblanceolatc.  1  to  3  or  4  inches  long,  sjiaringly  toothed  or  nearly  entire; 
cauline  mostly  narrowed  to  a  winged  petiole,  acute  or  obtuse;  flowers  white,  snuill :  petals 
narrow,  2  lines  long,  but  little  exceeding  the  sepals :  pods  re<'urved-sj»reading  i>n  usually 
stout  n.scending  pedicels,  2  to  4  lines  l-.ng,  faintly  1-nerved  at  base;  seeds  elliptical,  broadly 
winged.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  122;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  .•t2  —California,  Yosemite 
Valley,  Bolnnder ;  near  Mineral  King.  Tulare  Co.,  Coville  &  Fmi'sion ;  San  IJernardino, 
Parish  Bros. 

1  Add  syn.  ^f.  Virjinlca,  Branner  &  Coville,  Ri-p.  Geol.  Surv,  Ark,  ISSti,  165;    Britton,  Bull. 
T.'rr.  Club,  xix.  220. 


162  CRUCIFER.E.  Arabis. 

A.  Canadensis,  L.  (Sickle-pod.)  Stems  erect,  tall,  solitary,  simple  or  rarely  branched 
above,  spariugly  hirsute  near  the  base  with  forked  hairs :  radical  leaves  soon  disappearing, 
obovate  or  oblong,  petiolate,  1  to  3  inches  long,  sometimes  lyrate  or  runcinate;  cauline 
narrowly  oblauceolate  (widest  above  the  middle),  acute  or  acuminate,  sessile,  remotely 
toothed  or  the  ujiper  entire,  somewhat  pubescent  with  short  simple  or  branched  hairs : 
flowers  spreading  or  pendulous  in  a  soon  open  raceme :  pedicels  and  calyx  pubescent :  petals 
white,  narrow,  '2  lines  long,  twice  longer  than  the  sepals :  pods  pendulous,  falcate,  2  to  3 
inches  long  by  1^  lines  wide,  beaked  by  a  short  thick  style  or  stigma  nearly  sessile  ;  valves 
1-uerved  and  veined  ;  seeds  with  a  broad  orbicular  wing.  —  Spec.  ii.  6G5  ;  Deless.  Ic.  Sel.  ii. 
9,  t.  28.  A.  falcata,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  31.  —  From  New  England  to  Ontario  and  Minnesota  and 
southward  to  Georgia  and  Texas ;  fl.  June. 

*  *  *  Eadical  leaves  dentate  (sometimes  nearly  entire  in  A.  hiisnta,  rarely  lyrately  pin- 
natifid  in  A.  Icevigata) ;  the  cauline  more  or  less  auriculately  lobed  at  ba.«e  (except  in 
A.  Iceviijata,  var.  Burkii). 

A.  laevigata,  Poir.  Glabrous  throughout  and  glaucous,  usually  tall,  simple  or  often 
branched  above :  radical  leaves  spatulate  and  toothed  to  lyrately  pinnatifid  ;  cauline  oblong- 
lanceolate  to  linear ;  the  lowest  usually  petioled  and  sometimes  piuuatifid  ;  the  rest  sessile 
and  toothed  or  entire,  1  to  6  inches  long:  flowers  on  ascending  or  somewhat  spreading 
pedicels:  petals  narrow,  white  or  purplish,  2  to  4  lines  long,  half  longer  than  the  sepals 
pods  loosely  spreading  on  pedicels  2  to  5  lines  long,  straight  or  often  recurved,  2  to  4  inches 
long  by  two  thirds  line  broad,  beaked  by  a  usually  very  short  stout  style  or  the  stigma 
sessile;  valves  thin,  faintly  1-nerved;  seeds  elliptical,  winged.  —  Suppl.  i.  411  (as  leviyaUt). 
A.  heterophyUa,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  81.  Turritis  Iceriqata,  Muhl.  in  Willd.  Spec, 
iii.  543.  —  Quebec  and  Ontario  to  Minnesota  and  southward  to  N.  Carolina,  Tennessee,  and 
Arkansas. 

Var.  Burkii,  Porter.  Leaves  narrower;  the  cauline  linear  to  linear-lanceolate, 
entire,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  auricled  at  the  base:  flowers  smaller:  petals  about  equalling 
the  sepals.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvii.  15.  —  Dry  hills,  Centr.  &  S.  I'ennsylvania ;  i  first  coll.  by 
/.  Burk,  1852. 

A.*  atrorubens,  Suksdukf.  Erect,  l  to  3  feet  high,  scabrous-pubescent  upon  the  oblau- 
ceolate obtuse  dentate  basal  leaves :  stem  and  broadly  lanceolate  or  ovate-oblong  cauline 
leaves  quite  glabrous  and  somewhat  glaucous :  pedicels  and  calyx  puberulent :  flowers  rather 
large,  very  dark-  purple,  almost  black,  about  4  lines  in  length  :  pods  at  first  ascending 
or  almost  erect  but  soon  widely  arciuite-spreading,  3  to  5  inches  long,  a  little  over  a  line 
broad;  seeds  uuiseriate.  —  Suksdorf  in  Greene,  Erythea,  i.  223.  —  Rocky  ground  on  moun- 
tain summits,  Klikitat  Co.,  Washington,  Suksdorf;  and  earlier  in  the  Simcoe  Mts.,  J.  Howell. 

A.  patens,  Sclliv.  Biennial,  1  to  2  feet  high  :  .stems  erect,  simple  or  branched,  pubescent 
throughout  with  spreading  mostly  simple  hairs,  or  very  rarely  with  some  fine  stellate  hairs, 
or  rarely  glabrous  above  :  radical  leaves  ovate  and  petiolate  to  oblanceolate ;  cauline  lanceo- 
late, .sessile  with  clasping  auriculate  base,  acutish  to  short-acuminate,  mostly  somewhat 
serrate,  I  to  2^  inches  long :  petals  white,  3  to  4  inches  long,  twice  longer  than  the  sepals : 
flowers  on  spreading  pedicels :  pods  spreading,  1^  to  3  inches  long  by  one  half  to  two  thirds 
line  wide,  attenuate  to  a  slender  style ;  valves  faintly  1-nerved  to  the  middle  ;  fruiting  pedi- 
cels 4  to  12  lines  long;  seeds  oblong,  narrowly  Avinged  at  the  lower  end.  —  Am.  Jour.  Sci. 
Ixii.  49;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  142,  t.  58.  —  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  to  N.  Alabama. 

A.  hirsuta,  Scop.  Biennial,  m^re  or  less  hirsute,  at  least  at  the  base,  with  spreading  simple 
or  forked  hairs  (rarely  stellate  upon  the  leaves):  stems  erect,  solitary  or  several  from  a 
branching  caudex,  simple  or  strictly  branched,  1  to  3  feet  liigh,  pubescent,  rarely  nearly 
glabrous:  radical  leaves  oblanceol.ate,  including  the  winged  petioles  an  inch  or  two  long; 
the  cauline  ses.sile,  lanceolate  or  oblong  to  linear,  more  or  less  erect,  coarsely  toothed  or 
nearly  all  entire,  even  the  uppermost  more  or  less  hairy  or  ciliate,  cordate  or  auricled  at 
base:  petals  greenish  white,  \\  to  3  lines  long  :  pods  strictly  erect  on  slender  pedicels,  very 
narrow,  1  to  2  inches  long,  half  line  broad ;  style  vorv  short  and  stout  or  the  stigma  nearly 
sessile;  valves  faintly  nerved  below  the  middle  and  more  or  less  veined  ;  seeds  suborl)icular, 
very  narrowly  margined.  —  Fl.  Carn.  ed.  2,  ii.  30.     ^1.  sar/iltata,  vars.  y  &  S,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  222. 

1  Also  at  Roanoke,  Va.,  ace.  to  Small  &  Heller,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  iii.  pt.  1,  1,  22. 


Arabis.  CRUCIFER.E.  IGl] 

A.  riipcstris,  Niitt.  iu  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  81.  Turritis  ovatn,  Piirsli,  Fl.  ii.  438.  T.  s,„itlnt- 
laid,  Nutt  1.  c.  78.  —  Moutli  of  tlie  St.  Lawronce  to  Vir;,niiia,  wcHtward  to  New  .Mexico 
and  the  Sierra  Nevada;  Oregon,  and  northwar.l  to  N.  Ahu^ka.  (Kn.,  Asia.)  Some  of  the 
()re<ron  and  Ahu-^kan  .<5i)ociniens  have  siirrlitly  l)road«r  pods  anri  loMf,'cr  seeds,  hut  are  not 
otiierwise  (li.^tinguisliahlc,  nor  referahle  to  Asiatic  or  IOuroj)ean  forms. 
A.  Macounii,  Watson.  Slender  hiennial,  hranched  from  tiie  ha.<ie,  jmhcscent  helow  witli 
mostly  stellate  hairs,  glahrous  ahove  or  nearly  so:  leaves  small  and  narrow,  half  inch  hmg; 
the  lower  few-toothed  :  flowers  very  small,  pale  rose-color,  2  lines  long :  pods  very  narrow^ 
1  to  U  inches  long,  half  line  hroad,  glabrous,  slightly  curved,  widely  spreading ;  pedicels 
very  slender,  2  to  4  lines  long:  seeds  wingless.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxvi.  124.  —  Itevel- 
stoke,  IJrit.  Columbia, ./.  Macoun ;  H,  May. 

A.  alpina,  L.  Biennial  and  perejinial,  loosely  stellate-])ubescont  throughout  or  the  inflo- 
rescence glabrous  :  stems  erect  or  decumbent,  from  a  branching  subcespito.se  rootstock, 
leafy  :  radical  leaves  oblauceolate,  A  to  ,3  inches  long,  with  l)roadly  margined  petioles  ;  canline 
oblong-  to  ovate-lanceolate  and  se.ssile  with  a  more  or  less  cordate  or  auricled  b.-isc :  j)etals 
white  or  lactcoiis,  3  to  4  lines  long,  twice  longer  than  the  yellowish  or  purjWish  sepals: 
fruiting  pedicels  3  to  8  lines  long,  glabrous,  beaked  by  a  short  thick  style  or  stigma  sessile; 
valves  nearly  nerveless,  faintly  veined  ;  seeds  orbicular,  winged. —Spec.  ii.  664.  —  Lower 
St.  Lawrence,  Ciaspe',  Macoun,  to  Labrador  and  Hudson  Strait.  (Greenland,  arctic  and 
alpine  regions  of  Eu.,  and  Asia.)  The  A.  siricta  of  Pursh's  Flora,  collected  in  Laiirador  by 
Colmtisfer,  is  probalJy  this  species. 

*   *   *   *   Leaves  all  entire ;  cauline  not  cordate  nor  auriculate  (or  very  slightlv  so)  at  base  : 
]iuliescence,  when  present,  finely  stellate,  sometimes  very  fine  and  den.se  :  perennial. 

A.  platysperma,  Gray.  Glaucous,  sometimes  wholly  glabrous:  stems  erect  or  a.scending 
from  a  branching  rootstock,  2  to  3  inches  to  a  foot  high,  simple  or  branched  :  lower  leaves 
oblauceolate,  ab(.ut  1  inch  long  or  less;  the  upper  oblong-  to  linear-lanceolate,  sessile:  ])et.ils 
rose-color  or  nearly  white,  2  to  3  lines  long:  pods  erect  or  a  little  spreading,  1  to  2|  inches 
long  by  U  to  2^  lines  broad,  attenuate  to  a  short  stout  style;  valves  distinctly  veined, 
1-uerved  toward  the  ba.se;  seeds  orbicular,  broadly  winged. —- Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  519. — 
San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Calif.,  Parisli  Bros.,  W.  G.  IVrifjht,  and  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  north- 
ward to  Mt.  Hood,  Oregon,  Howell  Bros.;  also  on  E.  Humboldt  Mts.,  Nev.,  Walsoti. 
§  3.  Turritis,  Dill  (as  genus).     Winged  seeds  narrower  than  the  valves  and 

somewhat  in  two  rows.  * 

*   Radical  leaves  dentate ;  cauline  more  or  le.ss  cordate  or  auriculate  at  base. 
-(—   Pods  erect  or  spreading. 

A.*  confinis,  Watson.  Scarcely  glaucous :  the  lower  leaves  usually  dentate  and  finely 
stellale-pnbe.scent  or  glabrous  :  pedicels  mostly  erect  or  a.scending  :  pods  more  or  less  spread- 
ing or  t  rect.  ai)Out  3  inches  long,  a  line  broad  or  le.ss,  usually  more  or  less  attenuate  above 
and  beaked;  .seeds  rather  small,  numerous,  narrowly  oblong,  winged.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
xxii.  466.  A.  I(cvi(j(ita,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-.\m.  i.  43,  not  Poir.  .1.  hrummandil.  Gray,  JL-in. 
ed.  5,  69.  Turritis  glabra,  &  var.,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  78,  666.  T.  stricta,  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y. 
i.  53,  not  Grah. ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  144,  t.  59. —  From  the  Lower  St.  Lawrence  along  th^ 
Great  Lakes  to  Lake  Winnipeg,  Bourwau,  and  rare  southward  to  Dracnt,  on  the  Merrinmc, 
Concord,  and  Brookline,  Mass.,  C.  E.  Faxon,  W.  I'eane ;  Thimble  Islands,  Conn.,  A.  L. 
Wmton;  Cayuga  Co.,  New  York,  Dmlleij  ;  Elgin  and  Dixon,  Illinois,  G.  Vasei/.^ 

Var.*  brachycarpa,  Wats.  &  Coulter.  More  slender  and  le.ss  strict :  flowering 
))pdicels  becoming  almost  horizontal  or  even  reflexed  ;  fruit  short,  1  to  2  inches  long,  spread- 
ing; septum  thin,  almost  hyaline;  ovules  mo.stly  abortive.  —  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray, 
]\Ian.  ed.  6,  67.  A.  Ihummoudn.  var.  I,rarl,,/rt,ri,a,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  69.  Turritlx  hrarh',. 
carpa.  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  79  —Canada  from  Tadouss.Vc,  Pickerin<j,to  Milk  River  Ridge, 
Alberta,  Macoun  ;  also  on  the  south  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  Fanre/I.  In  its  extreme  form 
very  marked,  but  certainly  intergrading  with  the  type. 

■h-  -J—  Pods  reflexed  or  widely  arcuate  sjtreading. 
'  Northwestward  to  tlie  footlulls  of  the  Rocky  Mts.  of  Canada,  Macuun.     The  dcscrijilion  of  this 

species  lia.s  been  nioililied  to  e.xcludc  the  variety. 


164  CRUCIFER.^.  Arabis. 

A.  Holbdellii,  Hornem.  Biennial,  very  finely  stellate-pubescent  below  or  tli  rough  out : 
stems  simple  or  branched,  one  or  more,  erect  or  ascending,  i  to  2^  feet  liigh  :  radical  leaves 
narrowly  ohlanceolate,  entire,  an  inch  long  or  less ;  cauline  leaves  linear-oblanceolate  to 
narrowly  oblong,  acutely  sagittate :  flowers  becoming  more  or  less  rcflexed  and  secuud  on 
pubescent  pedicels  :  petals  3  lines  long  :  pods  more  or  less  abruptly  reflexed,  straight  or 
somewhat  curved,  1^  to  2^  inches  long  by  nearly  two  thirds  line  broad;  valves  1-nerved 
to  the  middle;  stigma  sessile;  seeds  in  one  row,  orbicular,  winged.  — Fl.  Dan.  t.  1879. 
A.  retrofracta,  Grab.  Edinb.  New  Thil.  Jour.  1829,  344.  ?  A.  declinata,  Iteteromulla,  &  lilachia, 
Schrad.  Ind.  8em.  Hort.  Gutt.  1831,  1832,  &  Linuaja,  viii.  1833,  Lit.-Eer.  22,  25.  Turritis 
retrofracta,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  41.  ?  Streptanthus  virgatus,  Kutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
76.1  _  Rocky  Mountains  from  N.  Colorado,  Wolf,  Vaseij,  to  N.  Idaho,  Luall,  and  Brit. 
America,  Drummond,  Bouryeau,  Macoun.     (Greenland.) 

Mfcr  (?)  patula,  Watson,  n.  var.  More  glabrous,  only  tlie  lower  leaves  and  stem 
pubescent  and  the  petioles  somewhat  ciliate :  leaves  sometimes  toothed :  pods  somewhat 
broader  and  the  seeds  more  evidently  in  two  rows.  —  Turritis  patuJa,  Grab.  1.  c.  350;  Hook. 
Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  40,  excluding  the  more  western  localities.  —  Bepresented  in  herb.  Gray  only 
bv  specimens  collected  by  Bourgeaii  in  tlie  Rocky  Mountains  of  Brit.  America,  and  on  the 
Saskatchewan.  .1.  Colnmhiana,  Macoun,  Cat.  Canad.  PI.  ii.  304,  however,  of  Brit.  Colum- 
bia, Macoun,  and  N.  Washington,  Piper,  scarcely  differs. 

Var.  Fendleri,  Watson,  n.  var.  Stems  often  several  and  ascending  from  a  biennial 
root,  a  foot  high,  hirsute  below  witli  simple  or  branched  hairs,  glabrous  above :  lower  leaves 
roughly  stellate-pubescent  and  petioles  ciliate ;  the  upper  glabrous :  pods  somewhat  curved. 
—  From  Colorado,  Parry,  no.  94,  Hall  &  Harbour,  no.  36;  N.  Nevada  to  New  Mexico, 
Fendler,  no.  27,  Palmer,  Rush i/ ;  and  California,  Tulare  Co.,  Coville  &  Funston,  no.  1388. 
(Chihuahua,  Wright,  no.  1313.) 

A.  arcuata,  Gray.  Biennial  or  sometimes  perennial,  roughly  stellate-pubescent  through- 
out ;  stems  usually  simple  and  erect,  1  to  2  feet  high :  radical  leaves  narrow-  or  linear- 
oblanceolate  ;  the  petioles  often  ciliate,  1  to  2  inches  long ;  the  cauline  linear-lanceolate,  all 
somewhat  toothed  or  entire  :  petals  3  to  6  lines  long,  more  or  less  deeply  rose-colored,  more 
or  less  widely  spreading :  pods  arcuate,  2  to  3  inches  long  by  a  line  wide  or  somewhat  more, 
acute,  on  divaricate  or  recurved  usually  pubescent  pedicels  3  to  6  lines  long ;  stigma  nearly 
sessile;  seeds  orbicular,  narrowly  winged,  as  broad  as  the  valves.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  187. 
Streptanthus  arcuatus,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  77.  —  California,  from  Placer  Co.  to 
Sauta  Barbara  and  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains.^  To  this  tyi)ical  form  it  appears  neces- 
sary to  add  the  following  closely  united  varieties,  which  have  been  variously  referred  to 
^■1.  Holhcdlii,  patula,  &  retrofracta. 

Var.  SUbvillosa,  Watson,  n.  var.  Biennial  or  rarely  perennial,  more  glabrous 
above,  the  pubescence  especially  of  the  lower  leaves  stellate,  but  with  more  or  less  of  s])read- 
ing  mostly  simple  hairs,  usually  sparse  above  on  the  leaves,  stem,  pedicels,  and  calyx,  but 
occasionally  abundant  on  the  pedicels.  —  ?  A.  spursiflora,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  81.— 
N.  Nevada  and  Oregon  to  Washington  and  AV.  Idalio.  A  low  several  stemmed  specimen 
from  Downieville,  Calif.,  Bigeloir. 

Var.*  secunda,  Bobinsox,  n.  var.^  Resembling  var.  subvillosa  but  less  villous,  slender ; 
the  stem  (1  to  2  fcet'iiigb)  usually  single  from  a  base  of  two  or  more  years' growth :  flowers 
often  pale  and  smaller:  pods  H  to  2  inches  long.  —  ^1.  secunda,  Howell,  Erythea,  iii. 
33.  _  Washington,  Mt  Adams,  Snksdorf  Howell,  Upper  Yakima,  Lijall.  Approaching 
A.  perennans. 

Var.  longipes,  Watson,  n.  var.  Tall,  biennial,  glabrous  above ;  the  stem  spreading- 
villous  toward  the  base  and  lower  leaves  somewhat  stellate-pubescent  -.  sepals  glabrous  or 
hairy  toward  the  toj) :  petals  pale,  3  lines  long:  pedicels  glabrous,  becoming  elongated 
(1  to  2  inches  long  or  less).  —  California,  near  Fort  Mohave,  Lemmon,  1884. 

1  A  munber  of  forms,  all  ascribed  to  this  variable  species,  have  been  described  by  Miss  A.  East- 
wood, Zoe,  iv.  5,  6. 

2  And  southward  into  Lower  Calif.,  ace.  to  Brandegee,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  ii.  126, 

3  This  variety,  distinguished  and  given  a  manuscript  name  by  Dr.  Watson,  has  since  been  described 
by  Mr.  T.  Howell  as  A.  secunda.  This  name  is  licrc  wst'A  in  preference  to  Dr.  Watson's  to  avoid 
publi-shing  a  second  unnecessary  designation.  Of  the  varietal  rather  than  the  specific  rank  of  the 
plant  there  can  be  no  doubt. 


Arnin,.  CRl'CIFEll.E.  1G5 

A.  perennans,  Watson,  reremiial,  witli  a  usually  branching  and  somewliat  woody  base, 
about  a  foot  high,  roughly  stellate-|jubesceijt,  sometimes  glabrous  al)Ove :  lower  leaves  an 
inch  long  or  less,  broadly  spatulate  to  narrowly  oblanceolalc  ;  the  petioles  sometimes  ciliate . 
flowers  smaller  (2  to  3  lines  long),  often  pale  :  pods  1  to  2  inches  long  by  a  line  wide  or  some- 
what less;  the  small  stigma  sessile:  calyx  and  pedicels  stellate-jjubescent  to  glabrous: 
seeds  orbicular,  very  narrowly  margined. — I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  467.  A.  armnta  & 
.,4.  rctrofructa,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Kxp.  18,  in  part.  J^unitis  patula,  Gray,  Bot.  Ives  Kej>.  6. 
Distributed  l)y  Pringle  under  the  name  A.  IlolUtllii,  var.  perennans.  —  N.  Neva<la  and  Itah 
to  Arizona,  and  the  Colorado  and   Mohave  Deserts,  California. 

A.  subpinnatifida,  Watson.  Very  finely  stellate-pubescent  throughout:  stems  one  or 
more  from  a  biennial  or  soniotimcs  perennial  {! )  root,  a  span  to  a  foot  high,  rarely  branched  : 
leaves  very  densely  and  finely  pubescent;  the  lower  linear-  or  narrow-oblauceolate,  entire 
or  toothed,  1  to  2  inches  long ;  the  cauline  lanceolate,  more  or  less  unequally  incised  or  the 
uppermost  entire :  flowers  rose-colored,  3  to  6  lines  long:  pods  pubescent,  slightly  curved, 
1  j  to  2|  inches  long  by  1  to  l^  lines  broad,  attenuate  to  a  short  style,  and  pendent  upf)n 
recurved  pubescent  -pedicels  (2  to  5  lines  long) ;  valves  1-nerved  to  the  middle  and  veined  ; 
seeds  in  1  row,  as  broad  as  the  partition,  winged.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  353.  —  N.  W. 
Nevada,  Torrey,  Watson,  no.  76,  in  part;  Sisiviyou  Mountains,  California,  Greene;  S.  W. 
Oregon,  T.  Howell. 

*   *   Cauline  leaves  auriculate  clasping,  entire ;    the  radical  also  entire  or  (in  ^1.  .firett-er/, 
A.  Lifullii,  and  A.  Beckwithii)  obsoletely  denticulate  (in  A.  Bolanderi,  as  yet  unknown). 
H—  Pods  arcuate-spreading  or  divaricate. 

A.  Bolanderi,  Watson.  Biennial,  more  or  less  pubescent  throughout  with  soft  stellate 
hairs :  the  solitary  stem  nnich  branched,  1  to  2  feet  high :  radical  leaves  not  known  ;  cauline 
lanceolate,  1  to  2  Inches  long :  iiov.ers  small  (2  to  3  lines  long),  rose-colored :  sepals  and 
pedicels  (in  fruit,  1  to  2  lines  long)  pubescent:  pods  mostly  divaricately  spreading,  glabrous, 
straight,  6  to  18  lines  long,  obtu.-<e  witli  a  broad  sessile  stigma;  valves  l-nerved  to  the 
middle  ;  seeds  orbicular  to  elliptical,  narrowly  winged,  somewhat  in  two  rows.  —  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  xxii.  467.  —  Yosemite  Valley,  Bolander ;  Wa.«hingtou,  Brandegee.  Also  collected  by 
Turri  if,  a  more  glabrous  form,  probably  in  the  mountains  of  California,  though  ticketed  in 
his  herbarium  from  Colorado. 

A.  Breweri,  Watson.  Perennial :  stems  several  from  a  branching  rootstock,  4  inches  to  a 
foot  high,  more  or  less  villous  with  spreading  simple  or  branched  hairs  or  stellate-pubescent 
toward  the  base :  lower  leaves  narrowly  oldanceolate,  entire  or  toothed,  finely  stellate-pubes- 
cent, an  inch  long  or  less ;  the  jtetioles  often  ciliate ;  U])per  cauline  leaves  lanceolate  to 
narrowly  oblong,  sessile  with  a  subcordate  base  or  obtusely  auriculate,  somewhat  villous  or 
pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous :  flowers  bright  rose-color  or  purplish  to  nearly  white,  3  to  4 
lines  long  ;  the  pedicels  and  purplish  calyx  more  or  less  viUous:  pods  at  length  spreading 
and  more  or  less  arcuate,  1^  to  3'iuches  long  by  a  line  or  more  broad,  acute  with  a  .-icssile 
stfgma;  valves  1-norved,  veined;  seeds  orbicular,  narrowly  winged.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acid.  xi. 
123  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  33.  —  From  Mt.  Diablo  '  and  Lassen's  Butte,  California, 
to  Waldo  Co.,  Oregon. 

A.  Beckwithii,  Watson.  Reseml)ling  A.  suhpinnutlpda,  hoary  witli  a  fine  dense  stellate 
pubescence :  stem  erect  from  a  biennial  root,  a  span  high  :  leaves  entire ;  the  radical  oldan- 
ceolate,  an  inch  long;  the  cauline  lanceolate:  pods  glabrous  (or  slightly  pubescent  wlun 
young),  spreading  and  arcuate,  2i  inches  long;  seeds  mostly  in  2  rows. —  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
xxii.  467.  —  N.  Nevada,  Quartz  Mountains,  Becku'ith,  near  Carson  City,  Watson,  near 
Candelaria,  Shackle y ;  California,  San  Bernardino  Mountains,  Parish  Bros. 

-i^  H—  Pods  reflexed. 

++   Pubescence  densely  and  finely  stellate. 

A.  canescens,  Nutt.      Low  (4  to  8  inches),  biennial  or  ])erennial,  finely  stellate-pnbescen* 

tlironghout,  stems  one  or  .several:    lower  leaves  linear-oblanceolate,  an  indi  long  or  lo.<s; 

cauline  leaves  linear,  slightly  auriculate  :  flowers  small,  2  lines  long  or  less,  jiale;    pods  ))en- 

dulous,  pubescent  or  glabrate,  1  to  \i  inches  long  by  two  thirds  line  broad,  on  pedicels 

1  Southward  to  Mt.  Hamilton,  ace.  to  Greene,  Fl.  Franci.s.  iol,  k  Erythea,  i.  S7. 


166  CKUCIFER.E.  Ambls. 

1  to  3  lines  long;  valves  1-nerved  to  the  middle:  seeds  small,  orbicular,  winged,  in  2  rows. — 
Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  83.  A.  puhertila,  Nutt.  1.  c.  82;  Hook.  Ic.  t.  359.1—  "  Kocky 
Mountains,"  and  Blue  Mountains,  Oregon,  Xuttall ;  Camp  Ilarucy,  Oregon,  7\  Howell ,-  near 
Mt.  Adams,  'Washington,  Snlsdorf. 

++    ++   Pubescence  stellately  branclied,  .scanty  or  wanting. 

A.  sufltrutescens,  Watsox.  I'erennial,  usually  glabrous  throughout :  stems  several  from 
a  branching  woody  caudex,  glabrous,  a  foot  liigh :  leaves  glabrous  or  sometimes  sparingly 
stellate-pubesceut,  narrowly  oblanceolate  ;  the  cauliue  narrowly  lanceolate,  scarcely  auricu- 
late  :  flowers  few,  3  lines  long,  purplish :  pods  pendulous  on  pedicels  4  to  6  lines  long,  1^  to 
2^  inches  long  by  as  many  lines  broad,  more  or  less  attenuate  to  a  short  tliick  style ;  valves 
1-nerved,  veined  ;  seeds  in  2  rows,  orbicular,  winged.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  3G2.  —  Bluffs 
of  Snake  Kiver,  E.  Oregon,  C'usick ;  Mt.  Adams,  Washington,  Suksdor/,  Howell;  Siskiyou 
Mountains,  S.  Oregon,  Howell. 

•1—  H—  -I—  Pods  ascending,  rarely  widely  spreading. 
++   (ilaucous,  hoary  below  witii  fine  and  dense  stellate  pubescence. 

A.  Lemraoni,  Watson.  I'crennial,  low  (G  inches  high  or  less):  stems  several  from  a 
branching  caudex,  slender,  glabrous  above :    lower  leaves  spatulate-oblanceolate,  rarely  with 

1  or  2  teetli,  6  to  9  lines  long ;  the  petiole  sometimes  ciliate ;  the  cauline  leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  mostly  glabrous  or  nearly  so :  flowers  2  to  3  lines  long,  rose-colored  :  tiie  sepals 
pubescent:  pods  ascending  or  widely  spreading,  somewliat  arcuate,  1  to  1|  inches  long  by 
two  thirds  line  wide,  on  usually  short  pedicels  (1  to  3  lines  long),  glabrous,  more  or  less 
attenuate  above  to  a  sessile  stigma  or  short  style;  valves  1 -nerved  to  the  middle  or  neai-ly 
nerveless:  seeds  in  one  row,  orbicular,  uarrowly  winged.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  467. 
A.  canesce7is,  &  var.  lalifolia,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  17.  A.  canescens,  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot. 
Calif,  i.  32.  ^1.  canescens,  &  var.  (?)  s////osa,  Wats.  ibid.  ii.  431.  —  In  the  mountains  of 
W.  Wyoming,  Parry,  and  Montana,  Richardson,  Watson,  Canb//,  to  Brit.  America  at  Bow 
River  Pass  and  Silver  City,  Macoun,  westward  to  Mt.  Adams,  Wash.,  Suksdorf,  and  south- 
ward to  N.  California,  Lemmon,  Mrs.  Austin,  and  N.  Nevada,  Watson, 

++   ++   Pubescence  stellate,  scanty  or  wanting :  green  or  scarcely  glaucous. 

A.  Drummondii,  Gray.  Biennial  (or  rarely  perennial),  slightly  glaucous :  stems  erect, 
one  or  several,  a  foot  or  two  high:  radical  leaves  narrowly  oblanccoliitc,  nidie  or  less 
pubescent  with  malpighiaceous  hairs  (attached  by  the  middle  and  u>ii;illv  iMH-itudiually 
appressed) ;  the  cauliue  leaves  oblong  to  linear-lanceolate,  1  to  2  intbes  in  hiigtli:  petals 
white  or  pinkish,  3  to  4  lines  long,  twice  longer  than  the  narrow  sepals :  pods  erect  when 
mature,  1  to  \^  lines  broad,  1|  to3  inches  long,  obtuse;  the  stigma  sessile  or  nearly  so; 
valves  1-nerved,  veined ;  seeds  broadly  elliptical,  winged,  two  thirds  line  wide.  —  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  vi.  187.  1  A.  Breutelii,  Lange,  Medd.  Green,  iii.  81  (only  once  collected  and  without 
fruit).  Turritis  stricta,  Grab.  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Jour.  1829,  3.50.  Streptanthus  angiisti- 
folius,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  76.  —  Rocky  Mountains  from  Brit.  America  to  N.  Utah ; 
Cypress  Hills,  Canada,  Macoun;  E.  Humboldt  Mts.,  Nevada,  Watson;  Mono  Pass,  Calif., 
Breiver,  no.  1729. 

A.  Lyallii,  Watson.  Perennial,  low  (rarely  a  foot  high),  glabrous  tliroughout  or  some- 
times more  or  less  stellate-pubescent  below :  stems  several  or  many  from  a  branched  caudex  : 
lower  leaves  spatulate  to  linear-oblanceolate,  usually  one  half  to  one  inch  long,  sometimes 

2  to  3  inches  long ;  the  cauline  narrowly  lanceolate  to  oblong,  sometimes  scarcely  auricled  : 
flowers  ro.se-color,  2  to  3  lines  long :  sepals  glabrous :  pods  erect  or  ascending,  straight  or 
nearly  so,  1  to  2  inches  long  by  two  thirds  to  one  line  broad,  narrowed  to  a  short  style  or 
se.«sile  stigma;  valves  1-nerved,  at  least  to  the  middle,  veined  :  seeds  orbicular,  narrowly 
winged,  usually  in  1  row.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  122.  A.  Drummondii,  &  var.  alpina, 
Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  17,  in  part.  —  Fre(|uent  in  the  mountains,  often  alpine  or  subalpine, 
from  Brit.  America,  Liiall,  Macoun;  W.  Montana,  Canby,  and  N.  Utah,  Jones,  to  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  Mono  Co  ,  Calif.,  Brewer,  Shockley,  and  the  Cascade  Mts.  of  Oregon  and  Washington. 

1  Add  syn.  A.  pauciflonim,  Nutt.  in  herb.  (Pliilad.  Acad.  Sci.),  wbicOi  is  with  scarcely  a  doubt 
Nuttall's  Sisymbrium  pauciflonim,  described  in  Torr.  k  Gray,  Fl.  i.  93  (notwithstanding  the  character 
"  not  cauesceut  "),  a  species  otherwise  wholly  ob.scure. 


Slrejjlanlhns.  CKUCIKEK.E.  10 


A.  microphylla,  Nutt.  rcrennial:  slender  stems  Heveral  from  a  slender  braucliiug 
caudcx  about  <i  inches  high,  somewhat  hirsute  witli  spreading  iiuirs  at  base  or  very  nearly 
glabrate:  lower  leaves  stellate-pubescent;  petioles  often  ciliale,  linear  to  narrowly  oblaiiceo- 
late,  an  inch  long  or  less;  caiiline  few,  linear-lanceolate  to  narrowly  oblong:  flowers  jtalo 
rose  :  sepals  slightly  jmbescent  or  glabrous :  p<jds  usually  very  narrow,  1  to  2  inches ^ong  bv 
one  half  to  three  fourths  line  broad,  erect  or  somewliat  spreading;  valves  slightly  nerved 
toward  the  base  ;  seeds  small,  in  one  row,  slightly  winged.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  H'2. 
—  Uinta  Mts.,  Utah,  Watsou ;  Yellowstone  i'ark,  Wyoming,  Parry,  Canbi/ ;  Blue  Mts., 
Oregon,  Ctisick,  Howell. 

*  #  *  Leaves  all  entire,  not  cordate  nor  auriculato. 

-I—  Pods  ascending. 
++   Glabrous,  the  petioles  only  sparingly  ciliate,  perennial. 

A.  Howellii,  Watson.  Stems  low  (1  to  4  inches  high),  from  a  much  branched  cespitose 
canilex  :  leaves  all  narrowly  oblanceolate,  glaucous,  indi  long  or  less,  acute  or  obtuse ;  the 
cauline  somewhat  drooping:  flowers  pale  or  l)right  pink:  pods  erect,  1^  inches  long  bv  2 
lines  broad, acuminate ;  the  stigma  sessile ;  valves  nearly  nerveless;  seeds  orbicular,  broadly 
winged.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxv.  124.  —  Ashland  Butte,  Siskiyou  Mts.,  S.  Oregon,  7'.  Iluuefl, 
1887 ;  White  Mts.,  Mono  Co.,  Calif.,  at  11,000  feet  alt.,  Shockley,  August,  1888. 
++   ++   Villous-hirsute  with  scattered  spreading  mostly  simple  hairs. 

A.  Cusickii,  Watson.  Stems  usually  several  from  a  biennial  root,  a  span  high  or  less, 
simple,  hirsute  or  glabrate  above :  radical  leaves  linear-oblanceolate,  hirsute  and  ciliate, 
1  inch  long  or  less;  cauline  linear  to  linear-oblong,  sessile,  not  auriculate:  flowers  rose- 
colored,  3  to  5  lines  long:  sepals  villous :  pods  arcuate-ascending,  glal)rou.-!,  2  to  3  inches 
long  by  1  i  lines  broad,  obtusisli ;  stigma  sessile ;  valves  1 -nerved  below  the  middle ;  seeds 
orbicular,  winged,  in  1  row.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  363.  —  Blue  Mts.,  Oregon,  Cusick ; 
Cascade  Mts.  of  Oregon  and  Washington,  Howell,  Drandegee} 
++++++   Finely  stellate-pubescent. 

A.  Parlshii,  Watson.  Low  and  ce.spitose  (2  to  4  inches  high),  very  finely  stellate-pubes- 
cent throughout,  the  simple  slender  stems  from  a  much  branched  rootstock  :  radical  leaves 
numerous,  linear-oblanceolate,  half  inch  long  or  less,  entire ;  the  cauline  few,  linear,  sessile : 
petals  rose-color,  3  to  4  lines  long,  tw  ice  longer  thr^n  the  purplish  sepals :  pods  glal)rouii, 
ascending  on  pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long,  an  iuch  long  including  the  filiform  style  (2  to  3  lines 
long),  a  line  broad,  attenuate  above ;  valves  1-nerved  and  veined :  seeds  somewhat  in  2  rows, 
elliptical,  narrowly  winged.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  468. — Bear  Valley,  San  Bernardino 
Mts.,  Calif.,  at  6,500  feet  alt.,  S.  B.  Parish. 

+-  -t—  Pods  pendulous  :  finely  .stellate-pubescent. 
A.  pulchra,  Jones.  Canescent  throughout  with  a  fine  stellate  pu])escence:  stems  erect 
from  a  branching  woody  rootstock,  a  foot  high,  leafy  :  leaves  not  rosulate  at  base;  the  lower 
narrowly  oblaijceolate  and  petiolate,  1  to  2  inches  long ;  the  upper  linear-lanceolate,  ses.sile : 
flowers  usually  large,  soon  spreading  or  reflexed:  petals  3  to  fi  lines  long,  rose-colored, 
usually  twice  longer  tlian  tlie  pubescent  sepals:  pods  pendent,  finely  pubescent,  1|  to  2^ 
inches  long  by  li  lines  wide  on  pedicels  three  fourths  line  long;  stigma  sessile;  valves 
1-nerved,  veined:  seeds  small,  in  2  rows,  orbicular,  winged.  —  Jones  in  Wats.  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  xxii.  468.  —  Borders  of  the  desert,  W,  Nevada,  Stretch,  Shocklei/,  Jones;  to  San 
Eeniardino  aud  San  Diego  Counties,  Calif.,  Vasei/,  Parish  Bros.,  W.  G.  Wright. 

45.  STREPTANTHUS,  Nutt.  (STpcTrroV,  twisted,  and  ar^o?,  flower, 
from  the  twisting  of  the  petals.)  —  Caulescent  branching  often  glaucous  annuals 
or  biennials  of  the  Pacific  Coast  and  drier  interior  region  to  the  Lower  Missis- 
sippi ;  with  entire  or  toothed  (rarely  pinnatifid)  usually  sagittate  and  clasping 
leaves  and  purple  to  white  (rarely  yellowish)  flowers. — Jour.  Acad.  Phil;id.  v. 
134;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  14.3,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  1Sl>;  r>r.u.  .^  Wai>.  Tiof. 
Calif,  i.  33.     [By  S.  Watson.] 

1  Also  in  Spokane  Co.,  Washington,  &uksdvii . 


168  CRUCIFERiE.  Strepkiuthus. 

§  1.  EuSTREPTANTHUS,  Gray,  11.  cc.      Flowers  large:    petals  with  a  broad 
blade  :  filaments  distiuct :  pods  erect  or  ascending  :    glabrous  annuals  :  species  of 

the  interior. 

*   Pedicels  conspicuously  bracteate  :  pods  narrow. 

S.  bracteatus,  Gray.  Stem  1  to  3  feet  high,  branching  above :  lower  leaves  petiokite, 
entire  or  repaud-toothed  to  lyrately  pinuatifid,  oblong  to  ovate-hastate ;  the  upper  sessile, 
oblong  to  ovate,  cordately  auriculate ;  floral  bracts  broadly  cordate,  the  uppermost  much 
reduced :  flowers  rose-colored  on  short  pedicels :  pods  spreading,  4  to  6  inches  long  by  1  to  2 
lines  broad,  attenuate  to  a  short  style  and  broad  entire  stigma ;  seeds  oblong,  broadly  winged. 

—  Gen.  111.  i.  146,  t.  60,  excl.  f.  4-8,  &  PI.  Liudh.  pt.  2,  143.  —  Southwestern  Texas,  Lind- 
heimer,  Wright,  Hall,  Reverchon. 

*  *  Floral  bracts  minute  or  none. 
S.  maculatus,  Nctt.  Glaucous,  1  to  2  feet  high :  cauline  leaves  sessile,  entire,  oblong  to 
elliptical  or  broadly  ovate,  deeply  cordate-amplexicavil;  floral  bracts  none:  flowers  deep 
rose-color :  calyx  purplish  :  pods  4  to  5  inches  long  by  about  a  line  broad,  erect  or  ascend- 
ing, straight  or  curved,  beaked  with  a  short  style;  stigma  small;  seeds  oblong, winged. — 
Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  v.  134,  t.  7.  ;6'.  obtusifolhtx ,  Hook.  15ot.  Mag.  t.  3317;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i. 
t.  60,  f.  4-8.     f  Brassica  Washitana,  Muhl.  Cat.  61.     "?  Stanleya  Washitana,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  512. 

—  Arkansas  and  E.  Texas;  St.  Augustine,  Leavenworth. 

S.  platy carpus,  Gray.  Branching  from  near  the  base,  a  foot  high  or  more,  glaucous : 
lower  leaves  petiolate,.  lyrately  pinuatifid  ;  the  upper  lanceolate  to  oblong-ovate,  sessile  and 
amplexicnul,  entire  or  pinnatifid:  lower  pedicels  often  minutely  bracteate:  flowers  rose- 
purple  ;   the  calyx  purplish :   pods  ascending  on  pedicels  3  to  6  lines  long,  slightly  curved, 

2  to  3  inches  long  by  2  to  2|  lines  broad ;  the  broad  lobed  stigma  sessile :  seeds  somewhat 
in  2  rows,  suborbicular,  broadly  winged.  —  PI.  Wright,  ii.  10.  —  Valley  of  the  Pecos,  W. 
Texas  to  Sonora. 

§  2.  EuCLisiA,  Nutt.     Petals  narrow   (the  blade  scarcely  broader  than  tlie 

claw),  undulate-crisped. 

*  Filaments  distinct :  cauline  leaves  clasping :  pods  not  reflexed. 
-I—  Branches  of  the  inflorescence  bearing  round  cordate  bracts ;   the  bracts  also  frequently 
subtending  or  alternating  ^th  the  lower  pedicels :    pods  narrow :  species  of  California 
and  Arizona. 

S.  tortuosus,  Kellogo.  Stem  more  or  less  branched,  i  to  3  or  4  feet  high :  lower  leaves 
sjjatulate  or  ohlanceolate  and  petiolate,  somewhat  toothed,  becoming  oblong  to  ovate,  entire, 
sessile  and  clasping ;  the  upper  little  reduced  and  of  nearly  uniform  size,  deeply  clasping 
with  overlapping  lobes :  sepals  acuminate,  conniveut ;  the  tips  recurved  in  flower :  petals 
purple  (rarely  white),  3  to  6  lines  long :  pods  recurved,  spreading,  2  to  6  inches  long  by  about 
a  line  broad;  the  smaU  stigma  sessile ;  seeds  orbicular,  narrowly  winged. — Proc.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.  ii.  152,  f.  46.  5.  Breweri,  Gi-ay,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  184,  in  part.^ —  Frequeut  in 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  from  Mono  Pass  to  Mt.  Shasta;  near  Humboldt  Bay,  Rattan. 

S.  diversif olius,  Watsok.  Resembling  the  preceding  in  habit :  cauline  leaves  pinnately 
divided ;  the  few  segments  very  narrowly  linear ;  the  slender  petioles  not  auricled  at  the  base : 
bracts  Tounded-cordate  and  deeply  clasping:  flowers  similar;  the  white  or  pinkish  petals 

3  to  4  lines  long :  pods  reflexed,  about  3  inches  long  by  two  thirds  line  broad,  beaked  with 
a  short  .style :  pedicels  2  lines  long  or  less :  seeds  broadly  elliptical,  narrowly  winged.  —  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  xvii.  363.  —  On  the  Cosumue  River,  Eldorado  County,  California,  Rattan. 

S.*  sufifrutescens,  Greene.  "Perennial,  suffrutescent,  the  stout  leafy  trunk  6  to  8  inches 
high ;  flowering  branches  1  to  2  feet  long :  herbage  glabrous,  glaucous :  stem-leaves  cuneate- 
obovate,  coarsely  serrate-toothed;  floral  leaves  round-cordate  or  more  elongated:  sepals 
purplish-green,  their  tips  not  reflexed:  one  pair  of  filaments  connate;  all  the  anthers  equal 
and  fertile."  —  Erythea,  i.  147,  &  Man.  Bay-Reg.  16  (whence  foregoing  characterization). — 
Hood's  Peak,  Sonoma  Co.,  Calif.,  Bioleltl.  __ 

1  Add  syn.  S.  orUculalm,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  258  (==  S.  Breweri,  Gray,  in  part),  a  low  and  rather 
small-floweied  form. 


Slrejj(unt/i  u^ .  C  K  U  C I F  E  K  Ji. 


1G9 


S.  Lemmoni,  Watson.  I'auicuLitfly  bruncbed  :  lower  leaves  miknown  ;  the  ui)per  lauceo- 
late,  aunculate;  the  rameal  braets  ovate  to  roundeil,  cordate,  laspiiig  with  vc-rv  sln.rt  lobe«- 
flowers  rather  small  (2  to  4  lines  loug) :  sepals  acuminate  wiih  recurved  or  sprea.lii..'  tips- 
petals  white  (?) :  pods  2  to  ;i  inches  long,  narrow,  on  short  pedicels;  stign.a  sessile;  seeds 
unknown.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxv.  125.  -  Santa  Catalina  Mts.,  Arizona,  L,mmor,,  lMt<0. 
-»-  -i-  Glal)rous  andglaucous  biennials  or  perennials  (!),  with  l)road  thickish  leaves  obtuse 
or  only  acutish ;  the  cauline  eordately  clasping  :  i).Hore.s<-enca  ebrac-teate  :  stems  niostlv 
simple :  sei)als  obtuse,  mostly  more  or  less  setosely  pubescent. 

S.  barbatus,  Watson,  1.  c.  Stems  apparently  several  from  a  jierennial  (?)  root,  simple  or 
at  len^nh  branching  •  the  leaves  all  similar  and  nearly  e(iual,  crowded,  cordate,  sessile  and 
clasping,  obtuse  or  acutish,  tliree  fourths  inch  long  or  less  ;  floral  bracts  none  :  Howers  3  to  4 
lines  long,  purple ;  sepals  ohtusish,  setosely  bearded  near  the  apex :  pods  spreading  on 
pedicels  1  to  3  lines  long,  curved,  I  to  2  inches  long  by  1^  lines  broad;  stigmas  sessile  or 
nearly  so;  seeds  roundish,  narrowly  murgined.— S.  torluosus,  Grav  in  Torr.  Hot.  Wilkes 
Exped.  227.  —  Sandy  bottoms  of  the  Ujjper  Sacramento,  Wilkes  Fxped.,  lS42,*/.Kwmo„ 
1879.     Ripe  fruit  unknown.  ' 

S.  cordatus,  Nutt.  Stems  often  stout,  simple  or  sometimes  branched  from  the  ba.'^e.  1  to  3 
ffet  liigh:  lower  leaves  spatulate,  coar.sely  toothed,  especially  toward  the  summit;  ilie 
-  teeth  oltcn  brist]e-tipj)ed,  and  the  petiole  occasionally  bristly  ciliate;  cauline  leaves  oblong 
to  ovate  or  cordate,  usually  very  obtuse  and  entire :  sepals  uniform  and  erect,  4  lines  long ; 
the  narrow  purple  petals  a  half  longer:  filaments  distinct:  pods  spreading,  3  to  5  inches 
long  by  2  to  2^  lines  broad,  on  short  pedicels  3  to  n  lines  long,  beaked  wich"'a  short  tliick 
style  or  the  scarcely  lobed  stigma  nearly  sessile  ;  seeds  orbicular,  winged.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr. 
&  Gray,Tl.  i.  77  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  19  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  34.  —  In  the  moun- 
tams  of  Colorado  and  westward  to  tlie  Sierra  Nevada,  Kbbett's  Pass  at  8,000  feet  alt.. 
Brewer.  Specimens  collected  by  Brewer  (no.  1885)  in  Sonora  Pass  at  10,0Q0  feet  alt.  differ 
in  their  entire  and  more  lanceolate  acutish  leaves  (the  lower  oblauceolate  and  ciliate),  and 
approach  the  next  species. 

-1-  -i-  -I-  Glabrous  and  glaucous  annuals  or  biennials  (?),  with  cauline  leaves  lanceolate 
and  acute  :  inflorescence  ebracteate :  pods  broad  except  iu  5.  cumpeslris. 

S.  Arizonicus,  Watson.  Leaves  rather  thin,  all  entire  or  nearly  so;  the  lower  oblong- 
lanc(K)Iate,  i)etiolate,  not  ciliate ;  the  upper  oblong  to  narrowly  lanceolate  with  rounded 
auricles:  flowers  pale;  the  sepals  strongly  saccate  ;  the  petals  C  or  7  lines  long:  filaments 
distinct:  pods  erect  or  ascending,  2  to  3  inches  long  by  2  to  2i  lines  broad,  obtuse  or  acute, 
with  broad  sessile  2-lobed  stigma;  seeds  orbicular,  very  br.jadly  winged.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad! 
xxv.  125.  —  Jlouutains  of  S.  Arizona,  Pn/ye,  1881,  P(/m/(,  Z,mmon,  no.  4170. 

S.  Campestris,  Watsox,  1.  c.  Stems  stout,  2  to  4  feet  high :  le.aves  rather  thick,  often 
irregularly  toothed;  the  teeth  at  first  seto.sely  tippe.l  and  the  lower  jiiargin  of  the  leaf 
sparingly  sctose-ciliate ;  cauline  leaves  lanceolate  or  oblauceolate:  flowers  somewhat  dark 
purple,  4  to  5  lines  long;  the  sepals  often  somewhat  hairy  at  the  top:  filaments  distinct: 
])ods  spreading  and  curved,  3  to  6  inches  long  by  about  a  line  broad,  beaked  witli  a  short 
stout  style  and  shortly  2-lobed  stigma;  seeds  winged.  — At  Campo  near  the  southern 
boundary  of  California,  G.  R.  Vaseij,  Parish  Bros.  A  specimen  collected  bv  Parish  Pros, 
in  the  San  Bernardino  Mts.  is  apparently  the  same. 

S.  Carinatus,  Wright.  Stems  1  to  3  feet  high  :  lower  leaves  lyratelv  pinnatifid  ;  the  upper 
lanceolate  and  usually  entire :  flowers  large,  dark  purple  to  white:  "the  sepals  deeply  .sac- 
cate: filaments  distinct:  pods  erect  or  ascending  on  pedicels  3  to  8  lines  long,  lilo  2^  inches 
long  by  2.i  to  3  lines  broad,  beaked  with  a  verv  short  stvle  or  the  2-lohed  stigma  se.<»sile  • 
seeds  orbicular,  broadly  winged.  —  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii".  11.  — W.  Texas  to  S.  Arizona.' 
(Chihuahua,  Pnnijlr.) 

*   *   Filaments  distinct :  leaves  sagitt.ate  :  pods  rfflexed.  narrow:  i>ubesccnt  annuals. 

S.  heteroph^^Uus,   Nitt.      More  or  less  pubescent   throughout  with   spreading  simple 

hairs:    stem  usually  simple,  3  feet  high  or  less:    leaves  linear,  at  least  the  lowest  pinnafifid 

with  divaricate  lobes  or  toothed  ;    the  upper  usually  entire  :    flowers  purple  or  white.  4  t..  r. 

lines  long:  the  calyx  narrow  but  slightly  saccate:  pods  abruptly  refl.'xe.I  on  slender  pedicels. 


170  CRUCIFERiE.  StreplanUius. 

2  to  3  inches  long  by  less  than  a  line  broad,  subtetragonal,  beaked  by  a  slender  style ;  stigma 
sessile;  seeds  small  and  crowded,  rather  narrowly  winged.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
77,  666;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  185,  in  part.  —  S.  California,  from  the  boundary  to  San 
Bernardino  Mts.  and  Sta.  Barbara  (?). 

*  *  *  Filaments  distinct :  leaves  hot  clasping  nor  auriculate :  pods  narrow. 
-1—  Glabrous  and  glaucous  biennial  (?). 
S.  Howellii,  Watson..  Stems  stout,  1  to  2  feet  high,  simple :  leaves  all  cauline,  from  obo- 
vate  or  obovate-spatulate  and  petiolate  below  to  narrowly  oblauceolate  above,  entire  or 
rarely  sparingly  toothed,  1  to  2  inches  long :  flowers  rather  large,  brown  purple,  i,to  6  lines 
long :  calyx  more  or  less  saccate,  green  or  purplish  :  stigma  broad  and  sessile ;  pods  ascend- 
ing, curved,  2  to  3  inches  long,  1  to  \\  lines  broad;  seeds  oblong,  Winged. — Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  XX.  353.  —  In  the  Coast  Mts.  of  Curry  Co.,  Oregon,  T.  Howell,  1884,  and  near  Waldo, 
Josephine  Cq.,  1887,  by  the  same  collector. 

-»—  -K-  Annuals. 

S.  longirostris,  Watson.  Glabrous  and  glaucous,  branching,  1  to  2  feet  high:  radical 
leaves  ovate-spatulate,  soon  deciduous ;  cauline  linear  to  narrowly  oblauceolate,  entire  or 
sparingly  toothed :  flowers  spreading  or  reflexed,  white,  2  to  3  lines  long :  sepals  narrow : 
pods  pendulous  on  short  pedicels,  straight,  1  to  1|-  inches  long  by  a  line  broad,  attenuate  to 
a  sleuder  style:  seeds  elliptical,  winged. — rProc.  Am.  Acad.  xxv.  125.  S.  lonnifoUus,  var., 
Torr.  Pacif.  K.  Kep.  iv.  65.  Arabis  loiu/irosfris,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  17,  t.  2;  Brew.  & 
Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  31.  —  In  tlie  Great  Basin  from  Washington  to  S.  Utah.  (Sonora  and 
Lower  Calif.)  i 

*  *  *  *   One  or  both  pairs  of  longer  filaments  connate  :    cauline  leaves  more  or  less  sagit- 
tately  auriculate,  scarcely  so  in  S.  hi/acinthoides :  pods  narrow  :  annuals. 

H—  Sepals  in  approximately  equal  pairs :  pods  ascending  or  spreading. 
-H-  Seeds  wingless. 

S.  Bre'Wreri,  Gkat.  Glabrous  and  glaucous  (or  calyx  oulj'  pubescent),  1  to  2  feet  high, 
hranchiug:  leaves  mostly  sessile  and  clasping;  the  lowermost  broadly  spatulate  with  a 
winged  petiole,  toothed;  the  cauline  ovate  and  acute  to  narrowly  lanceolate,  toothed  or 
entire :  flowers  3  to  4  lines  long,  purplish  :  sepals  acuminate  :  pods  ascending  on  very  short 
pedicels.  1  to  Sj  inches  long  by  one  lialf  line  broad  ;  stigma  sessile  or  nearly  so;  seeds  small, 
orbicular,  wholly  margiuless.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  184,  excl.  first  form.  —  On  Mount 
Hamilton  and  San  Carlos  Mt.,  California,  Brewer,  790,  1268.2 
++  ++  Seeds  winged. 
=  Plant  glabrous. 

S.  hyacinth oides,  Hook.  Simple  or  sparingly  branched,  1  to  4  feet  high :  leaves  narrowly 
lanceolate  to  linear,  attenuate  at  base  and  semiamplexicaul  (slightly  or  not  at  all  auricu- 
late), entire  or  sparingly  toothed :  flower.s  purple,  4  to  5  lines  long :  calyx  saccate ;  the 
sepals  acute :  pods  ascending  on  short  pedicels,  1  to  4  inches  long  by  a  line  wide,  beaked 
with  a  short  style  ;  seeds  oblong,  winged.  —  Bot.  Mag,  t.  3516 ;  Gray,  Gen.  lU.  i.  146,  t.  61 . 
S.  glabrifolius,  Buckley,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1861,  448.  — Indian  Territory  to  Central  Texas. 

S.  barbiger,  Greene.  A  foot  high,  branched  :  cauline  leaves  linear,  entire :  flowers  white 
or  purple,  3  to  4  lines  long,  on  very  short  pedicels :  calyx  saccate ;  sepals  conuivent  with 
recurved  whitish  tips  :  petals  unequal :  the  connate  pair  of  stamens  at  length  exserted :  fruit 
dcflexed,  2  inches  long.  —  Pittonia,  i.  217.  — California,  near  Font's  Spring,  Colusa  Co., 
Rattan;  Highland  Springs,  Lake  Co.,  Simonds ;  near  St.  Helena,  Napa  Co.,  Greene;  fl. 
June,  July. 

S.  niger,  Greene.  Stout,  2  to  3  feet  high,  much  branched  :  leaves  linear;  the  lower  nar- 
rowly lobed  or  toothed,  "  all  sagittately  clasping  " :  flowers  purple,  4  to  5  lines  long,  long- 

1  S.  Jlavescens,  Hook.,  doubtfully  placed  after  S.  longirostris  by  Dr.  Watson  in  his  preliminaiy 
treatment  of  the  genus,  is  here  referred  to  Thelypodium. 

2  With  the  latter  number  of  Prof.  Brewer'.s  collection,  the  recently  published  S.  hesperidis, 
Bioletti,  Erythea,  i.  14,  corresponds  in  all  essential  characters  described. 


Stanfonlki.  CULCIFEIM:.  171 

pedicellate:  calyx  Imiail  and  saccate  ;  tlie  sci.al.s  obtuse  :  ])uds  ascend iiif,',  1  to  ;>  inches  long 
by  I  line  broad,  on  pedicels  G  to  12  lines  lonj;;  stif^nia  entire,  sessile;  seeds  broaillv  ellip- 
tical, narrowly  winged.  —  EuU.  Torr.  Cluli,  xiii.  141.  — At  Point  Tiburou,  Marin  Co., 
California,  Greene. 

=  =  More  or  less  pubescent,  rarely  glabrous  throughout  (in  some  forms  of  S.  ijlundulusiis). 
S.  hispidus,  Gkay.  Dwarf,  hispid  throughout :  leaves  cuneate-obovate  to  oblong,  coarselv 
toothed,  mostly  sessile  and  but  slightly  auriculate :  racemes  short,  sessile  :  tl(jwers  purple  or 
purplish,  4  lines  long,  spreading :  sejials  acutisli :  jkxIs  erect  or  ascending  on  short  pedicels, 
hispid,  li  to  2  inches  long  by  a  line  wide,  with  a  short  stout  style  and  broad  stigma  ;  seetls 
liroadly  elliptical,  winged. —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  18G.'  —  Near  summit  of  Mt.  Diablo, 
Breicer,  1084,  1096,  Bolandcr,  6267. 

S.  glandulosus,  Hook,  a  foot  or  two  high:  lower  leaves  oblanceolate,  coarsely  toothed  ; 
till"  ujijier  lanceolate  to  linear,  toothed  or  entire,  more  or  less  hispid  below,  usually  glabrous 
above:  the  teeth  callous-tipped:  flowers  deep  purple  to  white,  5  to  6  lines  long:  the  calv.v 
broad  and  saccate  ;  the  lower  sepal  carinate  and  usually  sjjreading :  pods  curved  and  more 
or  less  spreading  ou  short  pedicels,  glabrous  or  sometimes  hispid,  2  to  4  inches  long  i)v  a 
line  wide;  stigma  broad  and  nearly  sessile ;  seeds  elliptical,  narrowly  winged.  —  Ic.  t.  40. 
S.  peramcenus,  (ireeue,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.  142.  S.  albidus,  Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  62  (white- 
tlowered  form).^  —  Central  California,  from  Clear  Lake  to  San  Luis  Obi.spo;  freipa-nt. 
Specimens  c(dlected  by  T.  Howell  at  Waldo  in  S.  Oregon  seem  to  belong  here. 

S.*  seciindus,  Greene.  Slender,  branched,  1  to  2  feet  high,  hispidulous:  long  lower 
leaves  pinuately  toothed  or  lobed ;  cauliue  lanceolate,  sagittate:  racemes  rather  den.se, 
secund  :  flowers  flesh-color,  4  lines  long :  sepals  sharply  carinate,  hispid-ciliolate  ou  the  keel ; 
the  remote  lower  one  distinctly,  the  uppermost  obscurely  unguiculate :  petals  with  ample 
])urple-veined  crisped  liml) :  upper  pair  of  filaments  connate  to  near  their  scarcely  divergent 
tips,  the  anthers  small  but  polliniferous :  slender  pods  2  inches  long,  falcate-recurved:  seeds 
wingless.  —  Fl.  Francis.  261,  &  Man.  Bay-Reg.  17.  —  Northern  base  of  Mt.  Tamalpais,  Calif., 
(xreene.     Description  condensed  from  the  original  characterization. 

-1—  -1—  Sepals  very  unequal ;  the  outer  pair  much  dilated  :  pods  reflexed. 

S.  polygaloides,  Gray.  Slender,  simple  or  branched,  1  to  3  feet  high,  glaltrous :  leaves 
lihform,  entire,  some  somewhat  clasping  and  sagittate:  flowers  very  shortly  pedicellate, 
yellowish,  3  lines  long :  calyx  very  broad  ;  the  outer  pair  of  sepals  suborbicular,  unc(iual ; 
tlie  inner  lanceolate,  acuminate :    pods  1  to  U  inches  long  by  one  half  line  wide,  at  length 

reflexed,  attenuate  to  a  short  style;  seeds  oblong,  winged  (?). —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  519. 

California,  near  Jacksonville  on  the  Tuolumne,  Breicer,  1615,  and  on  Mt.  Bullion,  Bulandcr. 

46.  STANF6RDIA,  Watson.  (Dedicated  to  Senator  Leiand  Sfanford, 
1824-1893,  patron  of  the  '  Botany  of  California,'  and  founder  of  the  Leluiid 
Stanford,  Jr.  University.)  —  A  rare  and  interesting  Californian  monotype,  well 
cliaracterized  by  its  obcompressed  fruit  and  3-parted  cotyledons.  —  I>ot.  Calif,  ii. 
470;    Prantl  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.   Pflanzenf.   iii.  Ab.   2,  2()(;.     [By   B.    L. 

lioUINSON.] 

1  S.  pidchellus  k  S.  Biolettii,  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  225,  ajipear  to  be  forni.s  of  this  specie.s. 

2  The  recently  published  S.MILDRED.E,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  200,  of  Ocntr.  Calif.,  dillVrs  chiefly  as 
to  described  character  in  its  smaller  very  dark-colored  flowers.  S.  versicolor,  Greene,  Erytliea,  iii.  99, 
appears  to  be  only  a  form  of  S.  glandulosus. 

Several  of  the  cliaracters  employed  in  the  distinction  of  recent  species  appear  unf  rustwortliy.  Tiius 
the  height  to  which  the  upper  filaments  are  connate,  as  well  as  tlie  degree  of  divergence  of  the  fre.^ 
portions,  varies  mucli  in  different  flowers  of  the  same  plant.  The  depth  of  color  of  the  calyx  and 
corolla  is  certainly  to  be  distrusted  as  a  specific  character,  and  the  wing  of  the  seeds  is  most  variable. 
In  one  of  the  type  specimens  of  S.  rjlandulosus,  for  instance,  the  seeds  of  the  same  yoA  e.\ldbit  sonie- 
tinies  a  short  broad  wing  at  the  end,  sometimes  a  narrow  wing  around  much  of  the  circuiufercnce. 
By  laying  undue  weight  upon  these  characters  the  number  of  species  could  be  almost  indefinitely 
multiplied. 


172  CRUCIFERiE.  Stanfordia. 

S.  Calif  ornica,  Watson,  1.  c.  Annual,  branching,  glabrous:  radical  leaves  oiuanceolate  in 
outline,  piunatifid,  2  to  4  inches  in  length,  narrowed  to  winged  petioles ;  lobes  subequal,  entire, 
opposite ;  cauline  leaves  ovate,  cordate,  sessile,  amplexicaul,  shallowly  few-toothed :  racemes 
elongated,  loosely  flowered ;  pedicels  2  to  4  Hues  loug,  hispid-pubescent :  flowers  rather 
large,  often  pendulous :  calyx  ovoid  or  campanulate,  4  lines  in  length ;  sepals  purple-tipped, 
paler  or  white  toward  the  broad  membranous  bases :  petals  purplish,  little  exserted  ;  the 
claw  broad,  almost  ovate;  the  blade  smaU,  crisped:  capsules  suberect,  12  to  16  lines  in 
length,  H  to  2  lines  broad,  becoming  chartaceous  in  texture,  tipped  with  slender  styles  1  to 

2  lines  long.  —  Strept<inthus  Californicus,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  256.  —  California,  near  Tulare, 
Mrs.  Bush ;  at  Deer  Creek,  Tulare  Co.,  Congdon  ;  Bakerstield,  Kern  Co.,  Greene;  fl.  Marcli, 
AprU. 

47.  CAULANTHUS,  Watson.  Wild  Cabbage.  (KauXos,  cabbage,  and 
avBos,  flower,  in  reference  to  the  popular  name  and  the  occasional  use  of  certain 
species  as  a  substitute  for  the  garden  vegetable.)  —  Coarse  and  more  or  less 
succulent  herbs  of  the  Far  West,  chiefly  biennials  and  perennials,  nearly  related 
upon  the  one  hand  to  Thelypodium  and  on  the  other  to  Streptanthns,  to  which 
several  species  were  formerly  referred.  —  Bot.  King  Exp.  19,  27,  &  Proc.  Am.  • 
Acad.  xvii.  364;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  36;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  55; 
Prantl,  1.  c.  156.     [By  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

*  Cauline  leaves  developed,  sessile,  cordate  or  auriculate-claspiug  at  the  base,  usually  oblong 
and  little  divided. 

+-  Stem  glabrous  or  nearly  so  :  pods  ascending  or  widely  spreading. 
C.  amplexicaulis,  Watson.     Glaucous  annual,  more  slender  and  fiexuous  than  the  other 

sjiecies,  simple  or  more  frequently  with  several  spreading  branches :  leaves  elliptic-oblong  or 

ovate ;   the  lowest  somewhat  narrowed  toward  the  base,  shallowly  sinuate-dentate,  obtuse ; 

the  upper  broadly  cordate-clasping,  subentire,  often  acutish :   racemes  loosely  few-flowered  ; 

flowers  ascending;   pedicels  4  to  12  lines  long,  widely  spreading.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii. 

364.  —  Mountains  about  San  Bernardino,  Calif.,  at  4,000  to  6,500  feet  alt.,  Parish  Bros., 

Wriijld ;  fl.  May  and  June.     Whole  plant  tending  to  be  purplish  tinged. 

C.  Lemmoni,  Watson.  Probably  annual,  becoming  much  branched,  smooth  or  somewhat 
hispid  ])elow;  hairs  apparently  always  simple  although  sometimes  clustered:  leaves  acute, 
denticulate  or  entire,  rather  short,  not  usually  exceeding  an  inch  in  length,  oblong  or  more 
commonly  more  or  less  deltoid,  sagittate  at  the  base,  witli  acutish  auricles ;  the  lowest  leaves 
somewhat  narrowed  below :  racemes  more  densely  flowered :  flowers  much  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding but  pendulous  during  anthesis :  pedicels  3  to  4  lines  long,  often  liispid:  capsules 
strictly  erect,  stout,  3  to  4  inches  long,  2  lines  thick,  tipped  with  stout  spreading  stigmas.  — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  261.  Streptanthns  Pmri/i,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis,  i.  257.  —  Near 
Cholame,  San  Luis  Obispo  Co.,  Calif.,  J.  G.  Sj-  S.  A.  Lemmon;  fl.  June. 

C.  inflatus,  Watson.  Annual,  essentially  glabrous,  occa.sionally  a  little  hispid  below  :  stem 
erect,  very  stout,  becoming  strongly  inflated  and  fistulous :  leaves  erect,  oblong,  obtu.se  or 
obtusish,  entire  or  denticulate,  auriculate  with  rounded  basal  lobes  :  racemes  rather  dense  ; 
pedicels  short,  often  hispid  :    flowers  .spreading  or  almost  horizontal:    sepals  glabrous:    pods 

3  or  4  inches  long,  1^  lines  thick,  ascending  Init  not  erect.  — Wats.  1.  c.  xvii.  364.  Streptan- 
thns inflatus,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  257.  —  Dry  hills,  Mohave  Desert,  Lemmon,  Parish  Bros., 
Hasse;  fl.  March  to  May. 

-i—  -i—  Hirsute-pubescent :  pods  distinctly  deflexed. 
C.  Coulteri,  Watson.  Lower  leaves  olilanceolate,  dentate,  2  to  3  inches  long ;  the  upper 
lanceolate,  acute,  subentire :  racemes  rather  loosely  flowered  :  flowers  horizontal  or  nearly 
so :  sepals  narrow,  recurved  at  the  tip,  strongly  hirsute  or  quite  smooth :  pedicels  2  to  4  lines 
long,  becoming  deflexed  in  fruit :  cap.sules  terete,  3  to  4  inches  long.  — Bot.  King  Exp.  27  ; 
Bibl.  Index,  55.  Streptanthns  heterophylius.  Gray,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  vii.  145,  &  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  vi.  185,  in  part.  S.  Coulteri,  Gray  in  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  19.  —  S.  California, 
Th.  Coulter;  Ft.  Tejon  and  vicinity,  Xanthus. 


Thclypodlum.  CRUCIFKR.E.  1 


*   *    Caiiline  leaves  often  reduced  to  linear  Ijracts,  when  well  dcvflojicd   narrowfil  <ir  dis- 
tinctly petiolate  at  the  base. 

-1—  Sparingly  pilose  to  hirsute. 
C.  pilosus,  Watson.  Simple  or  l)ranihed,  biennial,  2  to  4  feet  high:  stem  leafy  up  to  the 
inlioresceuce :  leaves  coarsely  toothed  or  piunatifid,  3  to  8  inches  in  length ;  terminal  seg- 
ment not  greatly  exceeding  the  others :  raceme  long,  pedicels  2  to  8  lines  in  length,  smooth 
or  hispid,  spreading :  tiowers  rather  sni;Ul,  greenish,  or  purple,  ascending:  caly.x  narrow; 
sepals  linear-oblong,  3  to  4  lines  in  length,  usually  somewhat  iiis|)id,  little  exceeded  by  the 
petals:  siliijues  long  and  very  narrow,  two  thirds  line  in  diameter,  tiexuous,  widely  spread- 
ing or  recurved.  —  Bot.  King  Exp.  27  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  —  Sandy  soil,  in  sage  brush,  &c., 
N.  W.  Nevada,  Watson,  Shocklcy,  Crystal  Spring,  Eastern  California,  Corille  &  Fuustun,  to 
Oregon,  Howell,  Ciislck ;  fl.  May  and  June.  Immature  and  therefore  doubtful  specimens 
collected  at  Silver  City,  Brit.  Columbia,  along  the  Canad.  I'acif.  Kailway,  Macoun,  are  prob- 
ably introduced  from  farther  south. 

■i—  -I—   Stem  glabrous. 
-H-  Flowers  ascending  or  erect. 
C.  Crassicaiilis,  Watsox.     Stem  simple,  erect,  1  to  3  feet  high,  very  thick,  fistulous :  leaves 
chieriy  clustered  at  or  near  the  base,  oblanceolate  in  outline,  lyrately  toothed  or  j)innatifid, 

2  to  5  inches  long;  cauliue  leaves  few,  much  reduced,  linear  or  somewhat  hastate:  flowers 
subsessile,  large :  sepals  oblong-lanceolate,  5  to  6  lines  long,  more  or  less  pubescent,  usually 
densely  so,  often  velvety  :  pods  ascending,  slender,  terete,  4  to  5  inches  long.  —  Bot.  King 
Exp.  27,  &  Bibl.  Index,  55  ;  Jones,  Zoe,  iii.  283.  Slrcptoittluis  crassicanlis,  Torr.  in  Stansbury, 
Eep.  383,  t.  1,  &  Flora,  1853,  702 ;  Durand,  Fl.  Utah,  159;  Gray,  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  186.— 
Kocky  ground  aud  slopes  of  footln'lls,  Utnh  to  Central  and  S.  California,  north  to  Idaho, 
,yiss  Mulford;  fl.  May  to  July.  A  form  willi  slender  stem  has  la-on  cnUccted  in  Bear 
Valley,  S.  Calif.,  Parish  Bros.  ' 

Var.  glaber,  M.  E.  Jones.  Sepals  as  well  as  other  ])arts  (luitc  glalirons.  —  Z<ie,  iv. 
266.  —  S.  Utali  and  E.  Nevada. 

C  procerus,  Watson.  An  erect  stout  sparingly  branched  l)iennial :  basal  and  lower  cau- 
line  leaves  runcinate-pinnatifid,  4  to  8  inches  long,  narrowed  at  the  base  to  a  distinct  petiole  ; 
uppermost  lanceolate,  attenuate,  subentire  :  flowers  greenish  white  :  pedicels  smooth,  ascend- 
ing, 3  lines  long :  sepals  smooth,  oblong,  4  lines  in  length,  little  exceeded  by  the  petals.  — 
Bot.  King  Exp.  27 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  36.  Streptantlius  flavescens,  Gray,  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  vi.  186,  in  part.  S.  procerus.  Brew,  in  Gray,  1.  c.  519;  Bolander,  Cat.  5;  Wats. 
1.  c.  19.     T helij podium  procerum,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  263.  —  Central  California. 

C.  glauCUS,  Watson.  Branching,  smooth  and  glaucous :  leaves  succulent,  ovate  or  lanceo- 
late, obtuse  or  acute,  subentire ;  the  cauline  well  developed,  narrowed  at  the  base  or 
abruptly  contracted  and  somewhat  decurrent  upon  the  petioles :  sepals  smooth,  tinged  with 
liurple,  oblong,  4  lines  in  length,  a  line  in  lireadth  :    petals  ex.«erted  and  recurved  :    pedicels 

3  to  5  lines  in  length,  glabrous :  fruit  slen<ler,  terete,  3  to  4  inches  long,  falcate  or  flexuous, 
widely  spreading.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  364.  —  In  clefts  of  rock,  &c.,  Nevada,  Candelaria, 
Esmeralda  Co.,  at  6,500  feet  alt.,  S/iocHei/ ;  Belleville,  Jones ;  fl.  May  and  June. 

++  ++  Flowers  horizontal  or  somewhat  deflexed. 
C.  hastatus,  Watson.  Perennial,  erect,  2  to  4  feet  high,  simjde  or  sparingly  Itraicbed  : 
cauline  leaves  well  developed,  variable,  usually  with  a  large  deltoid  to  lanceolate  acutish  or 
o])tuse  subentire  or  hastately  lobed  segment  and  often,  but  not  .always,  several  nnich  smaller 
segments  arranged  irregularly  u])on  the  long  slender  petioles  :  racemes  dense  and  spike-like: 
flowers  small  for  the  genus,  spreading  and  pendulous  almost  from  the  first:  sejtals  narrow, 
glabrous,  greeiiish  white  :  capsules  sleiuler,  spreading  or  ascending,  somewhat  knotted  and 
often  falcate  or  flexuous. — Bot.  King  Exp.  28,  t.  3;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  30  — 
Shaded  slopes  of  the  AVasatch  and  I'inta  Mountains,  Ctah,  JVatson,  Hooker  &  Gnu/,  to  the 
Blue  Muuntains  of  Oregon,  Cusick  ;  fl.  June. 

48.  THELYPODIUM,  Endl.  (©^Av?,  female,  and  tto.'c,  foot,  stalk, 
referring  to  tlie  more  or  less  distinetl}'  stiped  ovar}'.)  —  A  considerable  jr^nus  of 
the    West   and    Soiilliwcst,  most  of    the  species   biennials,  often   sncenhnt.  with 


174  CRUCIFEILE.  Thebjpodlum. 

purple  white  or  very  rarely  yellow  flowers  (mostly  smaller  than  in  Caidanthus) 

usually  in  rather  dense  racemes.  —  Gen.  876  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  25,  &  Bibl. 

Index,  7-2  ;    Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  37  ;    Prantl,  1.  c.  155.     Pachypodium, 

Nutt.   in  Torn  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  96;   Beuth.  «fe  Hook.  Gen.  i.  81.     [By  B.  L. 

Robinson.] 

§  1.    Hesperidanthus.     Stigma  ovate,  entire,  with  a  more  or  less  conical 

apex :    flowers  large,  purple  :    petals  with  obovate  blade  :   cauline  leaves  narrow, 

not  auriculate. 

T.  linearifolium,  Watson.  An  erect  smooth  perennial,  2  or  3  feet  higli,  with  pale  foliage 
'  ami  somewhat  curymbosely  branched  above  :  basal  leaves  obovate,  sharply  toothed,  not  per- 
sisting ;  cauline  linear  or  linear-oblong,  entire,  ascending  :  petals  showy,  rose-purple,  slender- 
clawed,  10  hues  in  length  :  pods  slender,  2  to  3  inches  long,  ascending  or  erect  upon  slender 
spreading  pedicels.  —  Bot,  King  Exp.  25  ;  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  321.  Streptanthus  lineari- 
folkis,  Gmv,  ri.  Fendl.  7.  lodanthus  or  Pacfu/podium  linearifolium,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
vi.  187.  — Colorado  to  Texas  and  Arizona.  (Northern  Mex.)  A  species  without  close 
affinities  in  the  genus  and  Avith  flowers  and  stigma  somewhat  of  Hcsperis  matronalis. 

§  2.  Euthelypodium;  Style  slender  or  short  and  thick,  or  obsoletfe,  truncate 
or  slightly  2-lobed  ;  stigmatic  surface  circular  or  elongated  over  the  valves  (ex- 
cept in  T.  elegans)  :    pubescence  simple  or  none. 

*  Upper  cauline  leaves  sessile,  cordate,  or  auriculate :  jjedicels  very  short,  almost  none : 
siliques  arcuate,  strongly  deflexed. 

T.  Cooperi,  Watson.  Slender  erect  annual:  stems  terete,  flexuous,  glabrous,  usually 
branclied,  8 'inches  to  1|  feet  in  height :  leaves  thickish,  oblong,  obtusisli,  the  basal  shallowly 
few-toothed,  the  others  entire,  cordate,  or  sagittate  with  clasping  lobes ;  the  upjjermost  and 
rameal  leaves  narrower,  lance-linear ;  aU  tending  to  fall  off,  leaving  the  stem  quite  naked  at 
fruiting :  flowers  small :  sepals  1^  to  2  lines  long,  somewhat  exceeded  by  the  purplish  petals ; 
the  latter  narrower  than  usual  in  the  genus  :  siliques  H  inches  long,  attenuate  at  the  end, 
commonly  falcate,  somewhat  scabrous  with  fine  stiff  hairs.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  246,  & 
Bibl.  Index,  451.  T.  —  ?  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  38. —  S.  E.  California,  Fort 
Mohave,  Cooper ;  Mohave  River,  Palmer  ;  Cashenberry  Springs,  Mohave  Desert,  Parish  ; 
Inyo  Co.,  Coville  &  Funston  ;  Colorado  Desert,  Orcntl ;  Arizona,  Palmer  ;  fl.  April  to  June. 
A  very  distinct  species,  suggesting  by  its  habit  and  fruiting  racemes  Arahis  longirostris,  Wats. 

*  *  Upper  cauline  leaves  sessile,  cordate-clasping  or  auriculate  at  the  base :  capsules  erect, 
ascending  or  widely  spreadiTig,  6  to  15  lines  in  length  (the  mature  fruit  of  T.  eucosmum 
still  unknown,  perhaps  somewhat  longer). 

H-  Flowers  even  in  anthesis  snbspicate  or  racemose,  i.  e.  opening  in  young  inflorescences 
considerably  below  the  bud-bearing  apex  of  the  rhachis. 

++  Inflorescence  very  dense  and  spike-like :  flowers  white  or  nearly  so. 

T.  brachycarpum,  Torr.  i:rect,  U  to  2^  feet  high,  simple  or  branched,  quite  smooth  or 
somewhat  hispid-i)ubescent  below :  stem  becoming  stout :  leaves  thickish ;  thq  basal  oblong 
or  oblanceolate,  sinuate-toothed  or  pinnatifid;  the  cauline  as  in  the  preceding:  racemes 
very  dense  and  spike-like;  fruiting  pedicels  1  to  \\  lines  long:  flowers  small,  white:  sepals 
linear  nearly  or  quite  equal  at  the  base  :  petals  narrow,  much  exserted  :  siliques  slender, 
terete'  somewhat  knotted,  slcnder-stiped  and  sharply  beaked,  8  to  10  lines  in  length,  aseend- 
in,r  J-Bnt.  Wilkes  Exped.  2.31,  t.  1  ;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  520;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp. 
25°  26-  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  37. —  Almndant  in  meadows  and  mountain  valleys, 
W.  Nevada  to  Central  and  N.  California ;  fl.  May  to  August.  Said  to  have  the  odor  and 
taste  of  cabbage. 

++  ++  Inflorescence  laxer :    flowers  roseate  or  purple. 

T  Howellii  Watsov.  Erect  or  somewhat  decumbent,  slender,  quite  simple  or  with  several 
'slender  simnlc  ascending  branches,  hispid-pubescent  near  the  base,  glabrous  above  :  radical 
If. ■..•>.  inimoroiis,  rosulate,  abont  an  inch  in  length,  oblanceolate,  obtusish,  coarsely  toothed, 


Thehjpodium.  CRUCIFERiE.  170 

narrowed  at  the  base  ;  canline  lance-linear,  attenuate,  safpttatc-anriculate,  erect  ami  usually 
api)rcssecl,  seldom  au  iucli  long:  racemes  4  to  6  indies  in  lfii;jlli ;  buds  an<l  Howers  asccnd- 
ing;  pedicels  1^  to  :i  lines  long  :  sepals  oblong,  usually  ])urplisli  tinged;  the  lateral  distinctly 
saccate  at  the  base:  petals  narrow,  crisped,  nearly  twice  as  bjng  as  the  cjilyx :  cjipsules 
slender,  12  to  15  lines  in  length,  slender-beaked.  —  i^roc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  445.  —  At  Camp 
I'olk  and  in  Harvey  Valley,  Oregon,  IJowdl ;  H.  June. 

T.  eucosmum,  Robinson,  u.  .sp.  Biennial  or  perennial,  glabrous:  caulinc  leaves  ublong 
or  lanceolate,  entire,  spreading,  I  to  3  inches  long:  racemes  several,  very  many-flowered; 
pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long:  buds  and  flowers  widely  spreading,  usually  horizontal,  deej) 
purplo  :  petals  spatulate,  4  lines  long :  pods  arcuate,  ascending,  IJ  to  I  A  inchefi  long  (nut 
mature).  —  A  very  attractive  species  of  Oregon,  fir.-^t  collected  at  Baker  City,  It  D.  S'ecius, 
1875,  and  later  in  the  Blue  Mts.,  7'.  Howell,  21  May,  1885,  no.  345. 

-1—  -J—  Flowers  opening  close  to  the  summit  of  the  intloresceuce,  while  still  coryinlxjsely 
clustered. 

T.  sagittatum,  Endl.  Biennial,  usually  branched  from  the  base,  often  somewhat  hispid- 
piiliescent  below,  quite  smooth  above,  glaucous  :  stems  subsiniple,  ascending  or  nearly  erect, 
moderately  leafy:  leaves  entire;  the  radical  spatulate,  I  to  3  inches  long;  the  caulinc 
ovate-lanceolate  to  lance-oblong,  sagittate-clasping  with  bluntish  auricles :  sepals  about  2 
lines  long,  but  half  the  length  of  the  ro.seate  or  purplish  petals:  fruit  erect  or  spreading, 
often  somewhat  incurved,  torulose  and  tipped  with  a  slender  style.  —  Endl.  ace.  to  Walp. 
Rej).  i.  172  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  25,  in  paic;  Brew.  &  Wats.  I.  c.  Pnrhi/podium  sni/itta- 
tum,  Xutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  97.  — S.  Utah,  Palmer,  to  the  Yellowstone  Park,  Tundii, 
and  Montana,  Watson;  in  the  "Snake  Country,"  I'olmic,  and  Rocky  Mts.  of  the  Northwest, 
Nuttall,  Burke.     Said  to  prefer  moist  alkaline  soil. 

T.  flexuosum,  Robinson,  n.  sp.  Steins  slender,  weak,  and  subdocumbent,  flexuous,  nearly 
nakeil  alxne :  radical  leaves  numerous,  lanceolate,  including  the  slender  petioles  4  to  G 
inches  in  length ;  cauline  leaves  distant,  all  or  at  least  the  upper  much  reduced,  linear- 
oblong  or  lance-linear  with  narrow  acutish  auricles  :  flowers  and  frnit  nearly  as  in  the 
preceding.  —  T.  sac/ ittatum,  Wats.  Bot.  King  P^xp.  25,  in  part;  Amlerson,  Cat.  117;  not 
Endl. — In  alkaline  soil  among  sage  brush.  &c.  Xevada,  near  Carson  City,  Avdrrson, 
no.  140,  Truckee  Valley,  Watson,  no.  108 ;  California,  Surprise  Valley,  Modoc  Co.,  Leinmon  ; 
Oregon,  Union  Co.,  Cusick,  no.  921,  Harvey  Valley,  Howell,  no.  341. 

T.  (■)  salsugineum,  Robinson,  n.  sp.  A  low  branching  annual,  glabrous  and  glaucous 
throughout :  .stems  slon'ler,  terete,  often  flexuous:  cauline  leaves  ovate  to  oblong,  half  inch 
to  inch  and  a  (juarter  in  length,  entire,  obtusish  :  flowers  small :  petals  white  or  nearly  so,  a 
line  to  a  line  and  a  half  in  length:  pods  6  to  8  lines  long,  erect  on  spreailing  pedicels.  — 
Sisi/mbrium  salsuffhieum,  I'all.  It.  ii.  A])p.  no.  114,  t.  5;  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  185.  S.  ulaucnm, 
Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  93.  Turritis  salsiKjinea.  DC.  Sy.st.  ii.  212.  T.  {!)  dij/usa, 
Hook.  Fl.  Hbr.-Am.  i.  41.  —  Rocky  Mountains  from  Colorado  at  South  Park,  Porter,  to 
Brit.  America  and  the  shores  of  the  Arctic  Sea,  Rirhnrdson,  ace.  to  Hooker,  1.  c.  Appar- 
ently the  same  as  the  plant  of  Central  Asia,  but  too  little  known  in  its  American  occurrence  : 
scarcely  differing  from  other  T/ieh/podia  except  in  its  low  slender  habit  ami  e.xceptioniil 
range,  but  very  distinct  from  any  American  Sisi/mhn'a. 

*   *   *   Leaves  as  in  the  preceding:    pedicels  developed  (2  to  6  lines  long):   siliques  elon- 
gated, usually  2  to  4  inches  long,  generally  arcuate-spreading  or  somewhat  deflexed. 

•i-  Petals  with  a  distinctlj'  developed  blade,  obovatc  or  spatulate. 
++  Flowers  white  or  purplish. 
T.  Vaseyi,  Coulter.  Rather  slender,  erect,  glabrous  and  glaucous,  branching  from  nejir 
the  base :  branches  terete,  leafy :  cauline  leaves  obovate,  obtuse  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  thin, 
narrowed  toward  the  clasping  ba.se,  repand-dentate  :  flowers  very  small,  a  line  and  a  half  in 
length,  white,  closely  aggregated  at  the  summit  of  the  axis:  fruiting  racemes  lax:  pods 
rather  few,  2  inches  long,  very  slender,  nearly  erect  on  ascending  pedicels  3  or  4  lines  in 
length.  —  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  30,  ii.  1.5,  t.  1,  as  to  pi.  Nealley,  the  first  nientiune  1 
tyjie,  not  pi.  A'ascy,  which  is  a  Sisi/ndtriiim  with  nnich  shorter  fruit.  In  tho.phite,  the  stem 
on  the  left  anil  the  fruiting  branch  are  of  pi.  Nealley.— .\  very  interesting  species  as  yet 
oidy  collected  near  Rio  (Irjmde  City,  Nenllpi/,  evidently  ne:irly  related  to  /'.  s.ilsiiohoum, 
from  which  it  differs  chiefly  in  its  larger  leaves  and  lonf,er  frni; 


176  CRUCIFER^.  Thclypodlum. 

T-  Nuttallii,  Watson.  Glabrous  and  glaucous,  branching  above  :  leaves  entire  from  lanceo- 
late to  linear-oblong,  acute :  pedicels  3  to  6  lines  long  :  flowers  rather  large,  lilac-colored, 
nearly  erect,  all  but  the  last  usually  opening  some  distance  below  the  summit  of  the  inflo- 
rescence :  petals  7  to  8  lines  long :  pods  2  inches  or  more  in  length,  nearly  erect  upon  the 
spreading  pedicels.  —  Bot.  King  Exp.  25,  26.  Streptanthus  safjittatus,  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad. 
Philad.  vii.  12  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  666.  — S.  Idaho,  on  the  Li'ttle  Goddin  River,  Wyelh,  to 
Yakima  Region,  Washington,  Brander/ee. ;  Oregon,  Nerins,  Ciisiclc;  N.  Nevada  and  N.  Utah, 
Watson ;  Arizona,  Ices,  ace.  to  Watson.  A  species  of  considerable  variability  as  inter- 
preted by  Dr  Watson,  but  difficult  to  render  more  defiij|i  'i,  owing  to  Nuttall's  brief  descrip- 
tion and  fragmentary  type. 

T.  ambiguum,  Watson.  Smooth,  glaucous,  stout,  erect,  branching,  2  to  5  feet  high,  leafy  : 
leaves  thick ;  the  radical  coarsely  and  irregularly  toothed,  4  to  8  inches  long ;  the  upper 
cauline  and  rameal  oblong,  subentire,  acutish  or  obtuse  and  cuspidate :  racemes  elongated  ; 
pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long,  divaricate :  floral  envelopes  rather  deep  purple,  strongly  contrast- 
ing with  the  bright  yellow  anthers  :  sepals  oblong,  smooth,  3  lines  in  length  :  petals  full}' 
twice  as  long,  with  broad  obovate  patulous  blade  and  slender  claws :  siliques  slender,  3  to  4 
inches  long,  widely,  spreading  or  somewhat  defiexed  ;  stipe  1^  to  2  lines  in  length.  —  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  xiv.  290,  &  Bibl.  Index,  451  (exd.  syn.  in  part).  Strei>tanthus  suglttatus,  Gray, 
Bot.  Ives  Rep.  6.  —  A  showy  but  coarse  species  of  N.  Arizona,  Newbern/,  Palmer,  Lemmon. 

T.  elegans,  M.E.Jones.  Habit  and  foliage  much  as  in  the  preceding:  cauline •  leaves 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acutish,  very  glaucous :  flowers  opening  at  the  summit  of  the 
raceme,  somewhat  smaller :  petals  narrower  and  much  paler  purple :  capsules  very  short- 
stiped  or  sessile  on  the  receptacle,  sometimes  suberect;  stigma  distinctly  bifid;  lobes  nearly 
erect,  and  standing  over  the  placentai: — Zoe,  iv.  265.  —  S.  W.  Colorado,  Braiideijre,  1875, 
"common  on  adobe  plains  "  near  Westwater,  Jones,  1890,  and  at  Coal  Mine,  S.  H.  Camp, 
1893 ;  fl.  May ;  fr.  June.  A  specimen  from  North  Park,  Crandall,  ma}'  also  be  of  this  species, 
but  is  too  immature  for  certainty. 

•H-  ++  I'lowers  bright  yellow. 

T.  aureum,  Eastwood.  Glaucous  biennial,  branching  from  the  base,  somewhat  pilose 
below,  1  to  3  feet  high  :  branches  numerous,  terete,  slender,  leafy  :  basal  leaves  oblanceolate, 
dentate  ;  cauline  ovate,  deeply  cordate-clasping,  entire,  an  inch  or  more  in  length :  racemes 
rather  dense ;  pedicels  spreading,  ascending,  in  fruit  about  3  lines  in  length  :  sepals  oblong, 
2  lines  in  length,  obtuse,  glabrous,  yellow  as  well  as  the  spatulate  moderately  exserted 
petals:  siliques  well  stiped,  ascending,  2  to  2j  inches  long. — Zoe,  ii.  227.  —  Durango, 
Colorado,  Miss  Eastwood ;  H.  June.  Exceptional  in  the  color  of  the  flowers  but  obviously 
close  to  the  preceding. 

-1—  -i—  Petals  very  narrow,  linear:  cauline  leaves  narrowly  oblong  or  linear. 

T.  stenopetalum,  Watson.  Glabrous,  much  branched  from  the  base,  a  foot  or  more  in 
height:  i)rauches  slender,  terete,  ascending:  leaves  sagittate-auriculate,  erect,  1  to  2  inches 
long,  acutish,  somewhat  fleshy :  racemes  elongated,  many-flowered ;  pedicels  ascending, 
thickened  at  the  apex :  buds  lance-linear :  sepals  narrow,  5  lines  long,  purple,  exceeded  by 
the  long  narrow  apparently  white  or  roseate  petals :  siliques  slender,  suberect,  flexuous.  — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  468.  —  Stony  hillsides,  Bear  Valley,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Calif., 
Parish ;  fl.  June. 

#  *  *  *  Leaves  sessile  by  a  narrowed  base  or  distinctly  petioled,  not  auriculate. 
-»—  Inflorescence  usually  corymbosely  branched  :  spiltes  very  dense  :  pods  widely  spreading. 

T.  integrifolium,  Endl.  Erect,  glabrous  :  radical  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  varying  greatly 
in  size,  1  to  8  inches  long,  half  as  broad,  obtusish,  entire  or  repand,  contracted  below  into 
petioles  nearly  equal  in  length  ;  upper  cauline  leaves  lance-linear,  sessile,  acute,  erect :  spikes 
very  short,  several  to  many  ;  pedicels  crowded,  divaricate,  1  to  5  lines  long,  commonly  rigid 
and  somewhat  thickened :  pods  slender,  about  an  inch  long,  usually  nodulose,  sharp-pointed, 
curved  upwards ;  gynophore  short,  a  fourth  to  half  line  in  length.  —  Endl.  ace.  to  Walp. 
Rep.  i.  172.  Parhi/'podium  intprjrifolium,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  96,  668  ;  Hook.  &  Arn. 
Bot.  Beech.  321,  t.  74  ;  Torr.  in  Fre'm.  Rep.  87.  —  Plains  from  Colorado  and  Nebraska  to 
R.  California  and  Washington  ;  fl.  in  midsummer,  rather  common. 

Var.  gracilipes,  Robinson,  n.  var.  Racemes  more  elongated,  becoming  4  inches  or 
more  in  length  :  pods  borne  upon  a  slender  gynophore  (1  to  1 J  lines  long).  — S.  W.  Colorado, 
T.  S.  Brandegee,  no.  1233. 


Tkebjpodium.  CRL'CIFEILE.  1 


/  / 


iier  narrow. 


T.  Wrightii,  Gkay.     Sleiuler-stcinnKiil  aiul  paniadalLly  l)ranflioci:    i.-.i,.     ••nil;. 

laiiceolute  to  linear,  toothed  or  pimiatifid  ;  s(,-<,riiienLs  mostly  eutire  ;  tlie  upperniotil  leu!.  '• 
-ften  entire:  racemes  2  to  5  inches  long;  pedicels  (ilif..rni,  divaricate,  in  fruit  3  to  5  lines  in 
lengtli :  flowers  somewhat  larger  than  in  tlie  preceding :  petals  ahout  3  lines  in  length : 
capsules  very  slender,  1.^  to  nearly  3  inches  in  length.  — PI.  Wright,  i.  7,  &  ii.  12;  Torr  &. 
Gray,  IVif.  K.  Hep.  ii.  126;  Porter  &  Coulter,  Fl.  Col.  9;  Coulter,  Man.  Jtof-kyMt.  Ueg 
21.  — Colorado  to  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  S.  Utah;  growing  in  m.juutainous  regions 
at  moderate  altitudes.     (Mex.,  Primjle;  Lower  Calif.,  Orcutt.) 

T.  laciniatum,  Endl.  Glabrous  bieiiuial,  usually  stouter  than  the  preceding  and  less 
branched:  leaves  broader,  somewliat  Heshy,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  more  irregularly  cut ;' 
segments  usually  again  toothed  or  lobed;  the  uppermost  leaves  often  snbentire  ;  petioles 
rather  long :  racemes  especially  tlie  terminal  one  sometimes  a  foot  or  more  in  length ; 
pedicels  short,  even  in  fruit  seldom  exceeding  2  to  3  lines  in  lengtli,  rather  rigid,  divaricate  : 
pods  slender,  widely  and  irregularly  spreading,  I  h  to  3  inches  long.  —  Kndl.  1.  c.  T.  ne- 
fjlecium,  Jones,  Am.  Nat.  1883,  875,  as  to  pi.  descr.  and  type  in  part.  Mncropodlnm  lurlnialnm, 
Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  43.  Pack ij podium  laciniatum,  Nutt.  1.  c.  96.  —  Mountaiu  valleys,  etc.,' 
Nevada  and  N.  California  to  Washington  ;  fl.  May  and  June. 

-1-  H—  Inflorescence  simple,  elongated,  or  branched  ;  branches  usuaUy  long  and  more  loosely 
flowered  than  in  tlie  preceding  division:  pods  erect  or  spreading,  sometimes  rigid. 

I .  flavescens,  Watson.  Glabrous  or  more  or  less  pilose  :  stem  terete,  erect,  2  feet  or 
more  in  heiglit,  branched  above:  cauline  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  shallowlv  dentate  or 
denticulate:  pedicels  about  3  lines  in  length,  scattered,  ascending:  flowers  nearly  white: 
sepals  linear-oblong,  acute,  3  lines  long,  considerably  exceeded  by  "tlie  narrow  linear  crisped 
petals  :  siliques  2i  inches  long,  rigid,  taper-pointed,  at  flrst  pilose,  later  quite  glabrous.  •—  J3ot. 
King  Exp.  25.  Streptanthnsflacescens,  Toir.  Pacif.  K.  Kep.  iv.  65,  not  of  Hook.  —  Ccutral 
California,  Beuicia,  Bic/clow,  Antioch,  A.'.  Brandegee. 

T.  lasioph^Uum,  Greene.  Erect  annual,  hispid  below,  often  smoothish  above :  leaves 
oblanceolate  or  oblong  in  outline,  irregularly  sinuate-toothed  or  pimiatiiid  with  .spreading 
acute  or  obtuse  entire  or  toothed  segments,  l^to  6  inches  long,  distinctly  petioled  or  the 
upper  sessile  by  a  narrow  base :  flowers  rather  small,  chjsely  clustered,  roseate  or  yellowish 
white:  sepals  oblong,  scarcely  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  narrow  spatulate  oblong 
petals :  fruiting  pedicels  very  short,  f  to  U  lines  long,  rather  firm,  curved  :  pods  commonly 
deflexed,  slender  and  somewhat  curved,  attenuate  at  the  apex;  stigma  quite  simple.  —  liuli. 
Torr.  Club,  xiii.  142.  Sisi/inhritim  reflaxum,  Nutt.  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  iii.  2G,  &  Jour.  i.  183. 
■?  S.  pufiTiKPiim,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray  Fl.  i.  91,  667.  S.  deflexum,  Ilarv.  in  Torr.  Pacif.  IJ. 
Kep.  iv.  66.  S.  hisiophi/lium,  K.  Brr.ndegee,  Zoe,  ii.  339.  Turritis  (?)  Insiojihj/l/a,  Hook.  & 
Am.  Bot.  Beech.  321.  En/simuni  refrof'ractum,  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  230.  — Sandy  and 
rocky  soil,  Utah,  Putmer,  Joiies,  and  ArizcMia.  Palmer,  to  California  and  Wa.shingtun, 
Su/c.tdorf.  A  common  and  variable  species,  with  the  attenuate  pods,  simple  stigma,  and 
often  purjilish  flowers  of  this  genus,  but  included  by  many  and  with  almost  equal  propriety 
in  Sisijmbriiim. 

Var.  rigidum,  Robinson,  n.  var.  Foliage  and  flowers  as  in  type :  pods  deflexed  but 
widely  spreading,  curved  outwards,  very  rigid  and  pungent.  —  T.  rigidum,  Greene,  Pitttjiiia, 
i.  ty2.  —Collected  by  Jones  "on  the  Mexican  boundary,"  1882  ;  by  Ma;/  at.  Elmiia.  Calif., 
1883;  and  i)y  Greene  near  Antioch,  Calif. 

Var.  inalienum,  Roiuxson,  u.  var.  Whole  haldt  a.s.  well  as  floral  characters  of  the 
type  :  pods  erect  or  slightly  spreading,  less  rigid  and  pungent  than  in  the  last.  —  Si.tj/mhn'iim 
acntangidum.  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  41,' not  DC  — Central  California  near  the  coast; 
"back  of  Sta.  Barbara  and  Los  Angeles,"  Brewer,  uos.  194.  417  ;  Oakland,  Holder,  no.  2524  ; 
San  Francisco,  Kellogg  &  Harford,  no.  .55.  The  European  SIsi/mhrium  amlangulnm,  DC,  of 
similar  habit,  has  shorter  inflorescences,  less  numerous  pods  of  le.ss  rigid  texture,  somewhat 
larger  flowers  and  stigmas  almost  iUways  slightly  2-lobed.  witli  lobes  lying  over  the  pla- 
centa; as  usual  in  Sim/mhrium. 

T.  Hookeri,  GRtii.vE'.  Annual  with  habit  of  thepreccdiiigsp.-ti.'s  :  leayes  hispid  pubescent 
upon  tin;  midrib  beneath  :  pedicels  more  widely  sprcailing,  2  to  3  lines  in  length  :  flowers 
somewhat  smaller:  sepals  narrowly  oblong,  H,  to  2  lines  in  length,  widely  .spreading,  not 
gi-eatly  exceeded    by   the    narrow   although    flat   jietals  :    fruiting   pedicels  short,   curved 

12 


178  CRUCIFEII.E.  Thehjpodium. 

upward  :  pods  slender,  siibtcrete,  attenuate  at  the  apex,  sometimes  a  little  pubescent  wlien 
young.  —Fl.  Francis.  263.  iitreptatithus  jiavescens.  Hook.  Ic.  t.  44.  —  Mountains  of  Central 
California. 

T.  Lemmoni,  Greene.  Smooth  glaucous  annual,  becoming  rather  stout:  lower  leaves 
large,  6  to  8  inches  long,  2  to  3  inches  broad,  tapering  to  an  obtusish  point,  abruptly  con- 
tracted at  the  bade,  sinuate-dentate ;  several  of  the  teeth  especially  toward  the  base  much 
larger  than  the  rest,  irregular  ;  petioles  half  inch  long ;  upper  leaves  lance-linear,  attenuate 
at  both  ends :  pale  purple  flowers  and  fruit  closely  as  in  the  preceding.  —  West  Am. 
Scientist,  iii.  156,  &  Fl.  Francis.  263.  —  Central  California,  on  adobe  hills  near  San  Luis 
Obispo,  'Lemmon,  and,  ace.  to  Prof.  Greene,  abundant  in  grain  fields  near  Triuiy.  This 
species  in  floral  characters  is  exceedingly  close  to  the  preceding;  in  foliage,  however,  very 
different.  Intermediate  forms  are  to  be  expected. 
§  3,    Heterothrix.     Stigma  entire  or  subentire,  circular  in  outline  or  slightly 

elongated  over  the  placentas :  pubescence  at  least  in  part  of  branched  hairs. 

T.  micranthum,  Watson.  Erect  biennial,  densely  stellate-pubescent  especially  below : 
'stem  usually  slender;  l)rauches  elongated,  virgate :  lowest  leaves  oblanceulate,  shallowly 
toothed,  obtuse,  attenuate  below  to  slender  petioles ;  upper  leaves  lance-linear,  subentire ; 
floral  linear  :  racemes  elongating  before  the  oj)ening  of  the  flowers  ;  pedicels  short,  ascend- 
ing :  buds  subglobose  :  sepals  short  and  broad,  purple,  sometimes  pubescent,  little  exceeded 
by" the  whitish  (?)  petals:  pods  9  to  16  lines  long,  nearly  terete,  ascending  or  spreading; 
valves  1-uerved;  style  very  short.  — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  321.  T.  longifolium,  Rothrock 
in  Wheeler,  Rep.  65^!  not  Wats.  Streptanthus  micranthus.  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  7.  S.  lonyifolins, 
Gray,  PI.  Wright  ii.  10,  not  Beuth.  —  Mountains  of  S.  W.  Texas,  Havard,  Nealley ;  New 
Mexico,  Fendler,  Wright;  Arizona,  Rothrock,  Pringle,  Lemmon.  {Uex.,  Schajfner,  Palmer, 
Pringlf.) 

T.  longifolium,  Watson.  Erect,  slender,  densely  pubescent  below  and  somewhat  hispid 
'  with  branched  hairs  :  lower  leaves  fugacious,  long-lanceolate,  repand-dentate  ;  upper  leaves 
long  and  very  narrowly  linear,  entire :  inflorescence  as  in  the  last  but  flowers  larger,  2  to  2.^ 
lines  long  :  sepals  short-oblong,  obtuse,  usually  deep-purple:  siliques  at  maturity  2*  to  3i 
inches  long,  slender,  deflexed,  more  or  less  attenuate  to  a  slender  style.  —Bot.  King  Exp.  25, 
&  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  321.  Streptanthus  longifolms,  Benth.-  PI.  Hartw.  10.  — New  Mexico, 
Fendler;  Arizona,  Lemmon.     (Mex.,  Coulter,  Hartweg,  Schaffner,  Seuton) 

49.  STANLl&YA,  Nutt.  (Dedicated  to  Lord  Edward  Stanley,  1779- 
1849,  distinguished  as  an  ornithologist  and  at  one  time  president  of  the  Linnean 
Society.)  —  A  small  genus  of  stout  western  plants,  usually  glabrous  and  chiefly 
distinguished  from  the  neighboring  genera  by  having  elongated  clavate  buds, 
cream-colored  or  yellow  flowers,  and  long-stiped  ovaries. —  Gen.  ii.  71;  DC 
Prodr.  i.  200 ;  Gray,  Gen,  111.  i.  t.  65  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  80.  [By  B.  L. 
Robinson.] 

*  Middle  cauline  leaves  sessile,  auriculate-clasping  at  the  base,  not  deeply  lobed. 
S.  viridiflora,  Nutt.  Stout,  glabrous,  mostly  simple,  erect  or  somewhat  decumbent,  1  to  4 
feet  high;  stem  angulate :  leaves  thickish ;  the  basal  and  lower  cauline  ovate  to  oblanceo- 
late,  sometimes  a  little  angled  or  runcinately  l-2:toothed  or  even  pinnatifid  at  the  base, 
attenuate  below  into  long  flat  wnnged  and  often  somewhat  toothed  petioles :  middle  cauline 
lanceolate,  hastate,  acute,  entire,  gradually  reduced  n])war(l :  raceme  long,  usually  simple  ; 
pedicels  in  fruit  stoutish,  3  to  4  lines  long,  divaricate  :  buds  becoming  7  lines  long  and  scat- 
tered before  opening  bv  the  rapid  prolongation  of  the  axis;  flowers  greenish.  —  Nutt.  in 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  98  ;"  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  9  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  25;  Jones,  Zoe,  iii.  283. 
The  suggested  .S'.  collina  of' Jones,  1.  c,  appears  to  be  the  typical  form  of  the  species.— 
Rocky  Mountains  of  Wyoming  and  S.  Montana,  westward  to  Oregon  and  Nevada;  fl.  IMay 
to  July. 

Var.  confertiflora,  lioniN.soN,  n.  var.  Stems  terete:  buds  shorter,  4  to  5  lines  long, 
den.sely  parked  togetiier  until  they  open  ;  flowers  smaller  and  much  more  numerous  :  fruit- 
ing pedicels  very  slender,  C  to  7  lines  lung, crowded,  divaricate.  —Base  of  Stein's  Mouniaii., 


Warea.  CllUCIFER.E.  179 

Oregon,  Thos.  Iluw( II,  30  May,  18><.").     A  doulitful  spciimen  witli  in<»re  .slenrlcr  ami  flungatefl 

pods  but  otlierwise  similar  has  i>oen  collt'cteil  at  Caiidciaria,  Nevada,  Shoc.klnj,  .Scptciiibcr, 

1882. 

♦   *   Middle  caulinc  leaves  ilistinctly  j)etioled  or  sessile  by  a  narrow  base,  not  aiiriciilate- 

clasi)ing,  often  pinnatifid. 
-t-  White   wooliy-pubestent:  caulino  leaves  slender-petioled,  hastately  lobed  at  the  biuw, 
otherwise  entire  or  nearly  so. 

S.  tomentosa,  Parry.  Stout,  simple,  erect :  root  tiiick,  brown,  brani-lied,  j>erennial : 
stem  terete  below,  angled  above  :  lower  leaves  lyrately  jiinnatifid  ;  terminal  segment  ovate- 
lanceolate,  1  to  3  inches  in  length,  about  an  inch  T)road;  tiie  lower  segments  ovate-<iblitng. 
much  smaller:  raceme  tiiick,  1  to  2  feet  long,  pedicels  three  fourths  inch  in  length,  clavate 
at  the  summit :  flowers  cream-colored  :  sti|>e  of  the  capsule  nearly  or  quite  as  long  ai>  tlie 
pedicels.  — Am.  Nat.  viii.  212;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  71.  — Dry  .slopes,  in  gyp.saceou3  soil,  (»wl 
Creek,  N.  W.  Wyoming,  Farn/. 

•i—  •*--  Glabrous  or  glabrate. 

S.  elata,  M.  E.  Jonk.s.  Quite  smooth,  often  glaucous,  simj)le  or  branched;  stem  tall,  terete: 
leaves  coriaceous ;  the  lower  narrowed  toward  the  ])etiok',  entire  or  si)mewh;it  toi>tiied  at 
the  base  ;  the  middle  and  upper  cauline  ovate-lanceolate,  entire,  acute,  alirujitly  contracted 
to  slender  petioles  of  a  third  their  length :  inHorescence  long-peduncled  ;  jjedicels  3  line«  in 
length:  sepals  petaloid,  bright  yellow,  with  a  well  developed  spatulate  bhule :  petals  of 
about  equal  length  but  much  narrower  and  less  conspicuous  :  filaments  woolly  :  mature  fruit 
not  seen.  —  Zee,  ii.  IG;  Coville,  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  64.  —  Hawthorne,  Nevada, 
Jones  :  Inyo  Co.,  Calif.,  Coville  &  Funs/on. 

S.  albescens,  M.  E.  Jones.  Erect,  branching :  leaves  thickish,  very  pale  and  glaucous, 
oblanceclate  or  oblong  in  outline,  lyrately  piunatifid  or  entire,  distinctly  petiole<l  beneath 
the  narrowed  often  hastately  aurieled  base  :  pedicels  4  to  6  lines  long  :  sepals  greenish  white, 
slightly  enlarged  above:  petals  5  lines  long,  crcam-coloreil,  witli  a  broad  lilade,  smonth  or 
.somewhat  pubescent  below:  anthers  tightly  coiled:  silique  curvetl-asceuding,  1.^  to  2  incheM 
long;  stipe  6  to  8  lines  in  length. — .Zoe,  ii.  17;  Eastwood,  ibid.  ii.  227.  —  Dry  soil,  New 
Mexico,  Palmer;  Arizona,  on  the  Moencoppa,  Jones;  Moqui  Village,  0 teens ;  Colorado, 
Grand  Junction,  Miss  Eastwood,  on  the  Gunnison  Kiver,  Cowen. 

S.  pinnatifida,  Nutt.  Branching,  glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent,  li  to  3  feet  high  • 
stems  terete  or  nearly  so,  flexuous,  rather  slender,  leafy :  leaves  thickish,  very  variable, 
commonly  p-nnatifid  or  pinnately  divided ;  .segments  lance-oblong  or  oblftnccolate-ellijitic, 
rarely  linear,  mostly  entire  ;  the  terminal  one  somewhat  larger ;  petioles  narrow :  ra«'emes 
long  ;  pedicels  2  to  .5  lines  in  length  :  .sepals  narrow,  pale  yellow  or  greenish  :  jjctals  bright 
yellow,  spatulate,  mncli  exserted,  usually  rather  narrow  :  anthers  curved  or  loosely  coiled  : 
capsule  1 J  to  2i  inches  lung,  a  line  in  diameter,  widely  spreading,  a.scendin}r  or  .somewhat 
deflexed";"stipe"3  to  7  lines  long. —  Gen.  ii.  71  ;  DC.  Syst.  ii.  512;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  97: 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  154,  t.  65,  &  PI.  Fendl.  9  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  24 ;  Jones.  1.  r.  ^'.  lirtp. 
rojthylla,  Nutt  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  97.  5.  Jhilicosa,  Nutt.  Proc.  Acad.  Phila<l.  iii.  23 
S.  pinuaUi,  Hritton,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  viii.  62.  Cleomr  piunatn,  I'ursh,  Fl.  ii.  739. 
Var.  iNTEGiiiF6i,iA,  Kobin.son,  n.  var.  Leaves  entire,  ovate  or  elliptic,  attenuate  to  each 
end  {S.  inlecfrifolia,  James,  Cat.  185,  &  iu  Long  Exp.  ii.  17;  Torr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  166, 
&  in  Sitgreaves,  Rep.  156,  t.  1,  occurring  in  similar  situations  with  the  type  and  not  distin- 
guished except  I)y  its  foliage). —  W.  Kan.s;vs  and  Nebnuika  to  Texas  and  S.  California, 
northward  to  the  l.'pper  Mi.ssouri  Hivcr.  The  commonest  and  most  variable  species,  closely 
simulating  the  Capjinridacem  in  habit;  tl.  M.ay  to  August. 

50.  WAREA,  Nutt.  {Mr.  Nathaniel  A.  Ware,  1780- IS,").],  tlio  (Jisooverer, 
who  wa.s  a  teacher  in  S.  Carolina  and  tr:ivelle<l  ."Somewhat  widtly  in  the  Southorn 
States.)  —  A  genus  of  two  erect  slender  glabrous  :innual.'*,  separated  from 
Stanleya  chieH\'  by  their  white  or  roseate  Howers  an«l  dense  snbcorvmlioiie 
inflorescence,  which  together  with  the  well  stalked  pods  recall  certain  Cappa' 
ri^^acecp.  —  ,^ our.  Acad.  Philad.  vii.  8;^,  t.  10;  Torr.  &  Cray,  Fl.  i.  !»8 ;  (;r:iy, 
Gen.  111.  i.  lofi,  t.  60;  IVnth.  &  Hook.  Ceii.  i.  HO.     [\\\  11.  L.  KoniNSoN.] 


180  CRUCIFERiE.  Warea. 

W.  cuneifolia,  Nutt.  Root  long,  slender,  vertical :  stem  l|  to  2  feet  high,  with  a  few 
slender  ascending  simple  branches :  leaves  obovate  to  oblong  or  linear,  obtuse  or  retuse, 
sometimes  mucrouate,  cuneate  at  tlie  base,  sessile,  8  to  12  lines  long;  the  thyrsoid  or  corym- 
bose inflorescence  dense ;  the  lower  pedicels  horizontally  spreading :  flowers  white  or  pur- 
plish :  petals  sub-orbicular  with  a  very  slender  claw :  gynophore  in  fruit  3  to  6  lines  long  ; 
siliques  slender,  curved,  pendulous,  15  lines  in  lengtli.  —  Nutt.  1.  c.  84  ;  Gray,  1.  c.  156,  t.  6'6; 
Chapm.  Fl.  28.  Cleome  cuneifolia,  Muhl.  Cat.  61.  Staideija  gracilis,  DC.  Syst.  ii.  512,  & 
Prodr.  i.  200.  —  Sandy  hills,  Georgia  to  S.  Florida ;  fl.  August  to  November. 

"W.  amplexifolia,  Nutt.  Resembling  the  preceding  closely  in  habit  and  technical  char- 
acters but  with  shorter  ovate  acutish  leaves  (6  to  7  lines  long)  with  broad  sessile  slightly 
clasping  bases:  flowers  purple,  a  little  larger. —  Nutt.  1.  c.  83,  t.  10;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  98. 
Stanleya  amplexifolia,  Nutt.  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  v.  297. — Sandy  hills,  Florida,  apparently  less 
frequent  than  the  other ;  fl.  September. 


Ordeii  XI.     CAPPARIDACEyE. 

By  a.  Gray. 

Herbs,  or  in  warm  countries  some  shrubs  or  trees ;  with  pungent  or  acrid 
watery  juice,  alternate  leaves,  and  4-merous  but  6-androus  flowers  after  the  type 
of  Gruciferoe,  or  some  polyandrous,  a  usually  one-celled  ovary  with  (commonly 
two)  parietal  placentae,  and  no  false  partition  between  them,  amphitropous  or 
campylotropous  ovules,  and  reniform  seeds  filled  with  an  incurved  embryo,  the 
cotyledons  incumbent.  Leaves  mostly  palmately  compound.  Flowers  her- 
maphrodite. Receptacle  often  thickened  or  lengthened  between  the  petals  and 
stamens.  Fruit  when  dehiscent  with  valves  apt  to  separate  from  filiform  placentas 
in  the  way  of  Fumariacece  and  some  Papaveraceee.  Fruit  anomalous  and  2-celled 
in  Wislizenia  and  OxystyUs. 
Tribe  I.     CLEOIMEib:.     Fruit  a  2-valved  capsule  or  2-coccous.     Chiefly  herbs  and 

annuals. 

*   Shrubby  :  capsule  inflated,  many-seeded,  tardily  dehiscent. 

1.  ISOMERIS.  Calyx  4-cleft,  persistent.  Petals  4,  not  unguiculate.  Receptacle  dilated 
into  a  hemispherical  torus,  bearing  the  6  exserted  equal  stamens,  enlarged  and  glandular  on 
the  upper  side.  Ovary  long-stipitate,  many-ovuled  on  the  two  placentae ;  style  very  sliort : 
stigma  minute.     Capsule  oval,  inflated,  coriaceous,  tardily  2-valved.     Seeds  smooth. 

*  *   Herbaceous :  capsule  membranaceous,  several-many-seeded,  one-celled,  2-valved :  valves 
falling  away  from  the  nerviforra  placent£e. 
-J—  Stamens  8  to  32,  rarely  fewer :  torus  depressed,  bearing  a  gland  on  the  upper  side. 

2.  CRIST ATELLA.  Petals  laciniate,  cuneate-flabelliform ;  the  two  anterior  smaller,  all 
conspicuou.%  unguiculate.  Stamens  6  to  14.  Ovary  declined,  behind  it  a  conspicuous 
tubular  truncate  gland.    Cap.sule  ascending,  short-stipitate,  linear.    Seeds  cochleate-reniform. 

3.  POLANISIA.  Petals  entire  or  emarginate,  little  unequal,  commonly  unguiculate.  A 
small  solid  gland  usually  on  the  torus  behind  the  sessile  or  short-stipitate  ovary.  Capsule 
linear  to  oblong,  many-seeded. 

^_  ^^  Stamens  6 :  torus  more  or  less  thickened  and  sometimes  elevated  between  the  inser- 
tion of  the  entire  more  or  less  ascending  petals  and  the  stamens.    Calyx  usually  deciduous. 

4.  CLEOME.  Capsule  linear  to  oval,  several-many-seeded.  Mostly  a  gland  or  projection  of 
the  torus  on  the  upper  side,  behind  the  ovary. 

6.  CLEOMELLA.  Capsule  few-seeded,  siliculose,  m<ire  or  less  flattened  contrary  to  the 
replum;  valves  cymbiform  to  elongated-conical!  (iland  of  torus  obsolete  or  wanting. 
Petals  not  ungniculate. 


CrisUilMa.  CAl'l'AKIDACE.E.  181 

*  *  *  Herbaceous,  auiiual:  ovary  2-celk(l,  diilymous,  the  cells  l-2<)vuled;  iu  fruit  each 
carpel  a  nutlet  or  utricle  separating  by  a  small  perforate  cicatrix  from  the  persistent  an<l 
indurated  axis  and  rigid  style:  seed  couduplicate:  torus  very  short  between  the  obovate- 
spatulate  petals  and  the  6  stameus. 

6.  WISLIZENIA.  Stamens  with  long  and  iiliform  filaments  and  short  anthers.  Ovary 
with  lung  filiform  stipe :  style  long  and  filiform,  soon  indurated.  Cai*l»els  divaricate  and 
oblate-ol)ovate,  in  fruit  coriaceous,  reticulated,  tilled  by  the  solitary  seed,  tardily  falling 
away  from  tlie  oval  pertuse  replum,  the  scar  with  thickish  border  ilntl  small  ojjeu  centre. 
Flowers  racemose. 

7.  OXYSTYLIS.  Stamens  little  surpassing  the  petals.  Ovary  with  short  and  stout  stijR-. 
style  very  long,  subulate,  and  with  the  solid  placental  ba.se  soon  indurated  and  s])in»»ecent. 
Carpels  comparatively  small,  obovate ;  in  fruit  smooth,  thin  and  soft,  coufornit^d  to  the  obo- 
vate  couduplicate  seed,  the  testa  of  which  is  cartilaginous.     Flowers  densely  glomerate. 

Tribe  II.  CAPPAREiE.  Fruit  indfliisceiit,  more  or  less  lleshy  or  baccate.  Shrubs 
or  trees. 

8.  ATAMISQUEA.  Sepals  dissimilar ;  two  outer  concave,  valvate  in  the  bud ;  two  inner 
mucli  smaller,  spatulate.  Petals  4,  uneipial,  small.  T(jrns  cyathiform  and  oblique,  dentate, 
bearing  about  9  unequal  stamens,  of  wliich  three  or  four  are  reduced  to  stamiuodia.  Ovary 
loug-stipitate,  ovoid,  one-celled,  with  4  parietal  jduriovulate  placentiu  and  a  subsessile 
stigma.    Fruit  globular,  fleshy,  lepidote-canescent,  1-2-seeded.    Cotyledons  plicate-convolute. 

9.  CAPPARIS.  Sepals  4.  Petals  4.  Stamens  numerous,  on  a  short  torus:  filaments 
tiliforni  or  capillary.  Ovary  loug-stipitate,  one-celled  with  2  p.irietal  plarentif  in  our 
species,  or  spuriously  2-celled :  stigma  sessile.  Fruit  many-seeded,  baccate,  or  sometimes 
becoming  dry  and  bursting  irregularly.     Embryo  convolute :  cotyledons  foliaceous. 

1.  ISOMERIS,  Nutt.  (Formed  of  lo-os,  equal,  /xcpt's,  part,  perhaps  in  allu- 
sion to  the  equality  of  the  stamens.) — Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  124;  Hook, 
Bot.  Mag.  t.  3842;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  106.  — Single  species. 

I.  arborea,  Nutt.  1.  c.  Low  and  stout  or  sometimes  taller  and  arborescent  shrul),  with 
hard  yellow  wood,  ill-scented,  puberulent:  leaves  3-foliolate;  leaflets  oblong  to  lanceolate, 
about  the  length  of  the  petiole,  entire,  mucronate :  flowers  in  terminal  bracteate  raceme: 
most  of  the  bracts  simjile  or  unifoliolate :  petals  yellow :  capsule  inch  or  two  long,  long- 
stipitate.i  —  Dry  ground,  S.  California,  from  Santa  Barbara  to  the  Mexican  border  and  the 
Colorado  Desert;  first  coll.  by  Th.  Coulter;  fl.  summer. 

Var.*  globosa,  ('ovillk.  Young  stems  not  glaucous  as  in  the  type:  capsules  short 
and  thick,  subglobose,  truncate  or  nearly  so.  —  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  \\\.  7;),  &  Contrib. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  67,  t.  4. —  Near  Calieute,  Keru  Co.,  Ciilif.,  (''■'•''■'.  Sni.!  i..  Inff^rgrade 
freely  with  the  longer-fruited  form. 

2.  CRISTATELLA,  Nutt.  (A  kind  of  diminutive  of  cristn,  a  crc^t,  prob- 
ably in  allusion  to  the  fringe-toothed  petals.)  —  Two  very  similar  species  of 
erect  and  branching  annuals,  leafy,  puberulent  and  viscid ;  with  jietiolate  pal- 
mately  3-foliolate  leaves,  linear  leaflets,  and  small  slender-pedicelled  racemoscly 
disposed  flowers  in  the  axils  of  upper  leaves,  some  of  which  are  reduced  to  bracts : 
petals  white,  cream-color,  or  yellowish,  and  stamens  purplish.  —  Jour.  Acad. 
Philad.  vii.  85,  t.  9;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  123;  (iray,  Gen.  111.  i.  177,  t.  77. 
Cyi-hasmm,  Endl.  Gen.  891. 

C.  erosa,  Nctt.  I.e.  86.  A  foot  or  two  high  :  petals  very  une(|Uiil :  Made  of  the  larger  ront- 
monly  3  lines  long,  and  with  claw  idmost  e(|ualling  the  dcej)!y  dissected  smaller  ones :  fila- 
ments elongated,  at  first  declined:  cap.sules  inch  or  two  long,  on  stipe  of  about  Ivfit-o  ih<< 
length  of  the  marccscent  gland  :  seeds  smoothish.  —  Cyrbasium  erosum,  Emll.  in  Wulp.  Kep. 

1  Add  syn.  Cleomc  arborea,  Greene,  ?itt(.iii;i,  i.  200. 


2^2  CAPrAKlDACEJ^.  CrLslutdla. 

i.  196.  — Sauilbauks,  &c.,  S.  W.  Arkansas  and  Ttxa^s  first  coU.  by  NuUall.  (Here  Drum- 
niond's  Texan  plant,  which  vas  referred  to  the  next.) 
C.  Jamesii,  Tokr.  &  Gray,  L  c  124.  Flowers  one  half  smaller :  petals  less  unequal,  larger, 
'  barely  a  line  and  a  half  long :  stamens  6  to  9,  rarely  declined,  little  longer  than  the  petals  : 
capsiiles  inch  or  less  long,  ^^^th  stipe  seldom  much  exceeding  tlie  gland.  —  Gray,  Tl.  Fendl. 
10,  &  Gen.  111.  i.  178.  Cyrbasiuin  Jamesii,  Endl.  in  Walp.  1.  c.  —  Sandbanks,  S.  Kansas 
to  W.  Louisiana  and  Texas ;  first  coll.  by  James. 

3.  POLANISIA,  Kaf.  (Contraction  of  ttoAv's,  m-Awj,  and  avto-o?,  unequal, 
referring  to  the  stamens.) — Mostly  glandular  and  viscid  heavy-scented  annuals; 
with  palmately  3-5-foliolate  leaves,  uppermost  reduced  to  bracts  of  the  racemose 
flowers;  fl.  in  summer.  — Am.  Monthly  Mag.  1818,  267,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  i.  378, 
&  Jour.  Phys.  Ixxxix.  98  (1819)  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  242;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  122; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  181,  t.  79.^     Jacksonia,  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  352. 

r.  ,xj,v.5sA,  Y>(^ .  of  the  East  Indies,  one  of  the  ambiguous  members  of  this  genus,  with 
hardly  any  claws  to  the  (yellow)  petals,  and  short  stamens,  is  an  occasional  ballast-weed  at 
eastern  ports.    The  genuine  members  of  the  genus  are  N.  American  and  Mexican. 

*  Leaflets  and  capsules  linear :  habit  of  Cristatella :  flowers  white. 
P.  tenuifolia,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Slender,  freely  branching,  viscidulous-puberulent,  but  the 
'(3)  filiform-linear  leaflets  nearly  smooth  and  glabrous:  petals  short-unguiculate,  oval  or 
ovate,  unequal,  larger  2  lines  long,  about  the  length  of  the  9  to  11  unequal  stamens:  capsule 
2  inches  long,  terete,  minutely  but  strongly  reticulated,  short-stipitate :  seeds  smooth.  —  Fl. 
i.  123.  —  Sandhills  bordering 'the  ocean,  Georgia?  (Le  Conte)  and  E.  Florida,  Rugel,  Palmer, 
Gurher,  Curtiss. 

*  *  Leaflets  3,  oblong-lanceolate  to  obovate:  upper  bracts  of  simple  small  leaves:  capsules 

turgid,  lanceolate-oblong:    petals  white  or  cream-color,   sometimes   changing  to  pink, 

slender-unguiculate,  emarginate:  filaments  12  to  24,  purple. 

P    grav.^  ■l-'ns,  Raf.     Kaceme  leafy  or  short:  petals  2  or  3  lines  long,  little  surpassed  by 

'the  stamens.   -'■■'■    -'nly  half  the  length  of  the  ovary:    capsule  contracted  at  base  into  a 

short  stipe:   seeds  su.  ■    i.  o^  nearly  so.  -Am.  Jour.  Sci.  i.  379,  Jour.  Phys.  1.  c.,  &  Med. 

Bot  ii  61   f  74-    Deless.  Ic.  o-  ;    "i.  t.  6;    Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  123.     Cleome  dodecandra, 

Michx.  Fl'.  ii.  32 ;    Bart.  Fl.  N.  A.  i.  oo,  .    ^^  •  Bigel.  Fl.  Bost.  ed.  2.  254 ;  not  L.     C.  viscosa, 

Spreng.  Syst.  ii.  1 25,  partly.     C.  graveokns,  ScLv  1 1  ^yst.  vii.  45.  —  Gravelly  shores,  &c.,  Lake 

Champlain,  the   St.  Lawrence  at  Montreal,  and  Ne,.    I'.rk  to  Minnesota,  southward  to 

Missouri  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  ace.  to  Porter. 

P    trachysperma,  Torr.  &  Gray.     Mostly  larger:   petals  4  or  5  lines  iv  >-■    capillary 

purple  filaments  at  length  5  or  6  lines  long:   style  as  long  as  the  ovary  or  longer:    ca^    i> 

contracted  more  or  less  at  base  but  not  stipitate :   seeds  at  maturity  usually  but  not  always 

roughish  or  verrucose.  —  Fl.  i.  669;    Gray,  PL  Fendl.  10,  &  Gen.  111.  i.  182,  t.  79;   Brew.  & 

Wats  Bot.  Calif,  i.  51.     P.  umghndulosa,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  67,  &  Bot.  Mex.  Bound. 

35  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  34  ;  not  Cav.  —  Gravelly  and  sandy  banks,  &c.,  Texas  to  Iowa  and 

north  to  Manitoba,  west  to  Arizona,  Oregon,  and  interior  of  Brit.  Columbia.     (Adj.  Mex., 

where  sometimes  petals  become  pink. )     One  extreme  nearly  passes  hito  preceding,  the  other 

approaches  the  next.     Becoming  naturalized  eastward. 

'p    uniglandulosa,  DC.    Petals  (with  their  filiform  claws)  over  half  inch  long:    capillary 

'filaments  H  to  2  inches  long:   stvle  long  and  capillary:    capsule  commonly  3  or  4  mchcs 

long    comparatively  narrow,  short-stipitate ;   valves  with  midnervc  extendmg  well  toward 

the  summit;    seed^  smooth.  -  Prodr.  i.  242;    Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  10;    Wats  1.  c.     Clrown 

uniglandulosa,  Cav.  Ic.  iv.  3,  t.  306.  —  On  the  Mexican  border  near  El  1  aso,  TJ  nght.    (Mex.) 

1  Baron  F.  von  Mueller  and  the  Kew  botanists  have  recently  advocated  uniting  tins  genus  witli 
Cleome,  from  which,  when  extended  to  include  foreign  species,  it  is  not  separable  upon  very  satisfac- 
tory or  constant  characters. 


Cleomt.  CAPI'AKIDACKyE.  IS.'J 

4.  CLECME,  L.  (Name,  of  unexplaiueil  dorivutiou,  used  in  the  fourth 
century  for  Bouie  mustard-like  jilaut,  taken  up  by  Linna-us  for  this  genus  wlnek 
Tournefort  called  Sinajristrum.)  — Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  Ilort.  ("lifl".  oil,  «fc  Gen.  no. 
550;  R.  Br.,  &c.  Cleome,  Gi/nandropsis,  &  Pvrlluinu,  DC.  I'nxlr.  :  '  "  ' '-' 
—  Largely  tropical  or  subtropical,  ours  all  annuals. 

§  1.  Gynandropsis,  Schult.  Torus  enlarged  at  base,  not  appen<l:iy<  il,  pro- 
longed from  the  centre  into  a  more  or  less  st;ilk-like  column  which  bears  the 
stamens  on  its  summit,  and  then  into  a  filiform  stipe  of  the  ovary  :  cajjsule  linear : 
petals  slender-unguiculate.  —  Syst.  vii.  23.  Gynandropsis,  DC.  1.  c  'I'M;  Gray, 
Gen.  111.  i.  t.  78.  Cleome^  Gymnufjonia  &,  iGyudndropsis,  R.  Br.  in  Denli.  iV; 
Clapp.  App.  220-223. 

C.  PENTAPHi-LLA,  L.  Viscid-pubcsceiit,  or  leaves  glabratc  :  leaflets  3  to  7,  mostly  5,  oliovate : 
flower-buds  not  closed,  the  petals  and  stamens  growiuj?  largely  after  the  calyx  is  open: 
petals  white  or  tinged  with  rose,  quarter  to  half  inili  long:  .«taniiniferou8  portion  of  the 
torus  a  filiform  rohunu,  of  nearly  the  length  of  the  petals,  a^  long  as  the  pedicel,  and  aliout 
the  length  of  the  stipe  of  tlie  (at  first  glanduiar-Iiispidulous)  capsule:  seed.s  roughened. — 
Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  938  {i/ijnandni  in  cd.  1) ;  Sims,  15ot.  Mag.  t.  1681 ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  15. 
C.  heplaphjjlla ,  Audubon,  Birds  of  Am.  t.  379,  not  L.  Gynandropsis  pisntup/n/lla,  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  238  (with  G.  triphijlhi  &  G.  pd/mijirs) ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  t.  78.  <J. }>idmipfs,l)c\iia.^. 
Ic.  Sel.  iii.  t.  1.  —  Sparingly  introduced  into  waste  grounds,  Georgia  to  Louisiana;  fl.  sum- 
mer.    (Nat.  from  Trop.  Am.,  but  originally  of  Did  World.) 

§  2.  EuCLEOME.  Torus  little  or  not  at  all  columnar  below  the  stamens,  but 
commonly  thickened,  and  bearing  a  glandular  projection  behind  the  ovary :  this 
in  all  ours  raised  on  a  slender  stipe  or  carpophore.  — Cleome,  Benth.  «Si  Hook., 
Eichler,  &c. 

*  Large-flowered,  introduced  from  Tropical  America,  escaped  from  cultivation.  Habit  .  f 
C.  (Gi/nandropsis)  speciosa,  HBK. 
C.  sriN6sA,  Jacq.  Viscid-pubescent,  strong-scented,  3  or  4  feet  high :  a  pair  of  8tij)ular 
short  spines  under  the  petiole  of  most  leaves  (in  the  tropics  not  rarely  some  little  prickles 
on  the  petiole  also) :  leaflets  5  to  7,  oblong-lanceolate;  bract.-  mostly  simple:  flower.«  rose- 
jiurple  varying  to  white :  petals  cimimonly  an  inch  and  stamens  2  or  3  inches,  and  .Htijie  of 
the  linear  capsule  about  2  inches  in  length:  style  hardly  any.  —  (Mill.  ?)  Jac(|.  Enum. 
PI.  Carib.  26;  L.  Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  939;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1640.  C.  itlnujens,  Willd.  Hurt 
Berol.  t.  18;  Chapm.  Fl.  32.  —  Waste  ground,  N.  Carolina  to  Louisiana,  and  in  ball;i>i 
ground  northward ;  or  occasionally  escaped  from  gardens.  (Nat.  from  Trop.  Am.) 
♦  *  Comparatively  small-flowered,  indigenous :  petals  indistinctly  if  at  all  tuiguicnlate. 
-t—  Calyx  4-cleft,  tardily  deciduous,  mostly  by  circumci.sion  at  base:  capsule  10-30-8eeded: 
leaves  petioled. — Atalantu,  Nutt.  Gcu.  ii.  73,  not  Corr.  Peritowa,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  237; 
Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  vii.  14. 
C.  integrifolia,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Glabrous,  2  or  3  feet  high:  leaves  3-fuliolate;  leaflets 
from  lanceolate  to  obovate-oblong,  entire,  rarely  with  a  few  denticulations:  bracts  mainly 
simple,  oblong-lauceohite  to  hnear :  raceme  dense  :  ]k  tals  3-to<ithed,  r<.so-oolor  (randy  white) : 
ap].endage  to  torus  conspicuous,  flat :  .stipe  about  the  length  of  the  pedicel,  shorter  th:m  the 
jKiidulous  capsule;  this  .sometimes  linear,  terete  and  torulose.  over  2  inches  long.  !«omctinies 
variously  shorter,  elongated-oblong,  compressed  :  seeds  inostl«^umerous.  8miH)th.  —  F"!.  i. 
122;  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  404.  C  s,'rni/at(iJ^^Ti^h,  Fl.  ii.  441  :  Torr.  & 
Gray,Fl.i.  121,afalse  and  misleading  name.  C.  (Atalantu)  sirntl.iin,  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  7:» ;  the 
leaflets  are  not  even  "  obsoletely  subserrulate."  C.  tn'phi/l/a,  .lames  in  Long  Exp.,  uoi  L. 
Peritoma  serrulatum,  DC.  1.  c.  P.  inteijri/oHa,  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Phihid.  vii.  14. —Along 
stream-'*  in  saline  soil,  on  the  plains,  Sa,sk:itchew:in  and  Dakota  to  Colorado  and  New  Mexico. 
west  to  borders  of  Oregon,  Nevada,  and  W.  Arizona.  Becoming  natui.ali/.ed  in  MLisiiuippi 
Valley. 


184  CAPPAiyDACE^.  Cleome. 

C.  llitea,  IlooK.  Glabrons,  a  span  to  2  feet  high :  leaves  3-7-foliolate :  leaflets  from  linear- 
lauceulate  to  oblong,  entire:  hi-acts  simple,  mostly  slender-nimTouate :  raceme  iu  flower 
dense  :  petals  goUleu  yellow  :  aj)pendage  to  torus  a  short  and  thirk  gland  :  stipe  shorter 
thau  or  about  the  length  of  the  pedicel,  equalling  or  shorter  thau  the  oblong  to  nearly  linear 
(half  inch  to  inch  and  a  half  long)  cajisule  :  seeds  6  to  20,  smooth  or  in  age  tuberculate. — 
Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  70,  t.  25;  Lindl.  Bot.  Keg.  xxvii.  t.  67  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  51. 
C.  lutea  &  C.  uurea  (Nutt.),  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  122;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  32.  Peritoma 
aurca,  Kutt.  Jour.  Acad,  Philad.  vii.  15.  —  Along  streams,  N.  Wyoming  and  Idaho  to 
Oregon  and  W.  Nevada,  south  to  Colorado;  i  first  coll.  by  Douglas. 
-t—  -»—  Sepals  distinct  to  base,  deciduous. 

C.  platycarpa,  Torr.  A  foot  or  two  higii,  villous-pubesceut  and  somewhat  viscid  :  leaves 
long-petioled :  leaflets  3,  petiolulate,  oval  and  oblong :  bracts  simple :  raceme  in  flower 
dense :  petals  golden  yellow :  ovary  iu  some  flowers  abortive :  sepals  slender-subulate :  gland 
of  torus  obsolete :  style  short  and  slender:  stipe  equalling  or  shorter  than  the  turgid  oval 
8-12-seeded  capsule.  —  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  235,  t.  2;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  51. 
—  Alkaline  soil,  Oregon  to  N.  California  and  W.  Nevada;  first  coll.  by  Pickering  & 
Brackenridge. 

C.  sparsifolia,  Watson.  Glabrons,  a  span  or  two  high,  diffusely  branched:  leaves 
minutely  stipulate,  3-foliolate  or  upper  simple  (in  origirial  specimens  small  and  scanty,  in 
better  ones  slender-petioled) :  leaflets  rather  fleshy,  spatulate  or  oblong-linear,  3  to  5  lines 
long :  flowers  few  and  sparse  in  tiie  raceme,  with  linear  petiolate  bracts,  short-pedicelled : 
sepals  ovate :  petals  3  or  4  lines  long,  yellow  with  tinge  of  green,  spatnlate,  at  length  narrow 
and  undulate,  appendaged  at  base  withih  by  an  adnate  broad  and  iuflexed  nectariferous 
scale:  stamens  not  longer  than  the  petals:  torus  globular,  with  truncate  summit  obtusely 
4-toothed  outside  the  stamens  and  no  gland  within  :  stipe  barely  2  lines  long :  capsule  linear, 
three  fourths  to  one  and  one  half  inches  long,  S-lO-seeded.  —  Bot.  King  Exp.  32,  t.  5.'^  — 
W.  Nevada,  in  the  Carson  Desert,  Wulson.  In  sand  at  Rhodes,  with  good  flowers  and 
foliage,  Shocklej).^ 

C.  Sonorae,  Gray.  Glabrous,  erect,  a  foot  or  two  high:  leaves  short-petioled  and  upper 
almost  ses.sile ;  leaflet*  3,  very  narrowly  linear  as  also  the  simple  similar  bracts :  raceme 
loose  :  petals  white  and  rose-color,  spatulate,  2  lines  long.:  capsule  cylindraceous,  torulose, 
6-8-seeded,  pendulous  on  a  usually  shorter  stipe  from  the  much  longer  and  spreading  filiform 
pedicel:  seeds  smooth.  —  PI.  Wright,  ii.  16;  .Rothrock  in  Wheeler,  Rep.  vi.  67. —  Saline 
soil,  S.  Arizona,  Wright,  Thurber.     S.  W.  Colorado  in  San  Luis  ^■alley,  Rothrock. 

5.  CL.E0M£1LLA,  DC.  (Diminutive  of  Cleome.)  —  South-central  N. 
American  and  a^acent  Mexican  annuals,  with  trifoliolate  leaves  but  sometimes 
simple  bracts,  small  yellow  flowers,  and  more  or  less  stipitate  odd-shaped  capsules. 
Leaves  except  in  one  species  petiolate  and  leaflets  short-petiolulate.  —  Prodr.  i. 
237 ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  173,  t.  75  ;  Torr.  in  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  IL 

*  Smooth  and  glabrous ;    no  stipules :    flowers  racemose :    capsules  porrect  on  conspicuous 

pedicel  and  stipe. 
-}—  Leaflets  obovate  or  oblong,  obtuse  or  retuse,  barely  mucronulate :    seeds  smooth,  not 

tapering  at  base. 
C.  MexicAna,  DC  1.  c,  Moij-ino  &  Sesse',  Ic.  (Calque.s,  t.  19  &  xxxi),  of  Mexico,  is  low  and 
diffuse ;    with  small  leaves,  those  subtending  the  flowers  similar  to  the  lower  and  little  shorter 
than  the  pedicels;   and  stipe  shorter  tliau  the  very  oblate  capsule,  the  divaricate  valves  at 
maturity  oblong-conical. 

C.  longipes,  Tour.  Erect,  a  foot  or  two  high,  rather  robust,  with  naked  and  ample 
racemes :    leaflets  oljloug  or  spatulate-obovate,  inch  or  less  long :    bracts  mostly  simple  and 

1  A  fragmentary  and  dubious  ."rpecinieu  conies  from  Nebraska,  Wilcox;  species  also  rei)orted  fi-om 
N.  Arizona,  by  M.  E.  Jones,  Zee,  ii.  2.36. 

2  Add  Jones,  Bull.  Torr.  Clnh,  x.  33. 

8  Also  collected  liy  Coville  &  Funston  about  Keeler,  Calif.,  where  it  is  said  to  be  abimdant ;  see 
Coville,  Contri!'.  ''   ^    v  ,t    }|^,b.  iv.  66- 


Cleomellu.  CAri'AKIhACK.E.  Ig.j 

small:  filaments  ox serted  :  style  distiuct:  stipe  in  fruit  half  or  three  fmirilis  incli  lonj;.  vcrv 
slender,  usually  loii<.'tr  than  the  pedicel:  valves  of  the  capsule  oldiijnelv  conical.  —Turr.  ii. 
Hook.  Jour.  Hot.  &  Kew  Misc.  ii.  2:,5,  &  in  Gray,  PI.  Wri^lit.  i.  11 ;  Wats.  Bot.  Kin^  l..\p. 
33;  Brew.  &  Wp.tb.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  52,  the  var.  tjiandi flora  every  way  larger  than  the  ori;;iiial 
Mexican  s]ieciuieu8,  hut  fully  connected.  —  VV.  Te.xiw  to  Nevada  and  a<ijacent  Ixirder  of 
California  and  Arizona,  Writjkl,  Anderson,  Watson,  &c.  (North  Mexico,  Berlandier,  Greyg.) 
-I-  H—  Leaflets  aud  sinijile  hracts  linear  or  tho  wider  linear-lanceolate. 
•H-  Stamens  more  or  less  prominently  exsorted  :  stipe  of  capHule  elongated. 
C.  angUStifolia,  Toru.  Erect,  a  foot  or  two  high,  with  ratlnrr  dense  flowering  raremes : 
kvTtlcts  niiLStly  inch  and  a  half  long,  2  to  4  lines  wide,  acutely  or  acuminatclv  mucronate : 
petals  over  2  lines  long:  style  hardly  any:  stipe  shorter  tliau  the  slender  pedicel,  longer 
than  the  rhomhoidal  capsule,  the  valves  of  which  are  ohtusely  conic;il  or  helmet -^llalK•.l, 
sometimes  in  age  more  extended  and  horn-shaped :  seeds  tapering  at  hiisc,  rugnlose  at 
maturity.  —  Torr.  1.  c.  12,  &  Bot.  Mex.  liound.  35;  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  404, 
&  Troc.  Acad.  I'hilad.  I8G3,  58,  as  C.  tenulfolla.  C.  Afexicawi,  Torr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii. 
167  ;  Hook.  Ic.  t.  28 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  121 ;  Gray,  (Jen.  111.  i.  t.  75 ;  not  DC.  —  I'lains 
of  Arkansas  or  Kansas  and  Texas ;  first  coll.  hy  James. 

C.  plocasperma,  Watson.  Diffuse,  a  span  or  two  high,  with  rather  open  racemes :  leaf- 
lets and  l)racts  (juarter  to  half  inch  long,  obtu.se,  barely  mucronulate :  petals  hardly  2  lines 
long:  style  conspicuous :  stipe  and  pedicel  each  about  a  quarter  inch  long,  twice  or  thrice 
the  lengtli  of  the  broadly  rhomboid  capsule,  the  valves  of  which  are  helmet-shaped  :  seeds 
tapering  at  base,  smooth  or  nearly  so.  —  Bot.  King  Exp.  33 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  52. 
—  Saline  soil,  Nevada,  Walson,  Biirrjt'ss,  Brandegee. 

C.  OOCarpa,  Gkay.  Erect,  often  diffusely  branched,  a  span  to  a  foot  high  :  leaflets  linear, 
obtuse,  inch  or  less  long:  bracts  similar  but  smaller  and  setaccou.s-inucronate:  petals  3  lines 
long:  style  conspicuous:  stipe  aud  pedicel  of  about  equal  length  ((juarter  to  half  inch): 
capsule  small,  not  over  2  lines  long,  ovate,  only  obscurely  rhomhoidal,  tlie  valves  only 
moderately  navicular:  seeds  smooth  and  shining,  of  broadly  obovate  <iutline,  not  produced 
at  base.  — Proe.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  72;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  52.  — Saline  plains  of 
S.  W.  Colorado  and  Nevada,  and  on  the  Mohave  Desert  in  California,  Brandegee,  Torreg, 
Parish,  &c. 

++  ++  Stamens  not  longer  than  the  barely  line  long  petals  :  stipe  short.     (Perhaps  deistog- 
amoHs.) 

C.  parviflora,  Gray.  Slender,  a  span  to  a  foot  high,  at  length  diffuse  :  leaflets  and  bracts 
narrowly  linear,  the  larger  inch  long :  racemes  loose :  pedicels  filiform,  half  inch  to  inch  long 
in  fruit :  style  very  short  or  obsolete  :  capsule  obovate,  barely  2  lines  long  ;  valves  gild>ons- 
navicular:  seeds  smooth,  not  attenuate  at  base.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  520;  Wats.  1.  c. — 
Mohave  Desert,  California  (first  coll.  by  Cooper),  to  N.  W.  Nevada,  where  first  coll.  by 
Anderson. 

#  *   Smooth  and  glabrous :  no  stipules :  flowers  very  small,  short -pcdicelled  in  the  axils  of 
nearly  all  the  subsessile  leaves :  very  short  capsule  deflexed. 

C.  brevipes,  Watson.  A  span  or  two  higli,  diffusely  branched  and  flowering  from  the 
base  :  leaves  thickish,  at  most  half  inch  long,  mainly  3-foliolate  and  the  subsessile  leafleLt 
linear-spatulate,  but  the  upper  of  similar  simple  leaves:  flowers  barely  a  line  long,  on 
pedicels  of  hardly  greater  length:  petals  roundish,  apparently  whitish :  stjimens  minute ; 
style  very  short:  capsule  a  line  or  two  long,  on  a  stipe  not  longer  than  the  minute  cjilyx. 
globose-ovate,  2-4se('(k'd,  |)endulous  by  the  recurvation  either  of  the  minute  stijie  or  of  tlic 
pedicel.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  365.  —  Mohave  Desert,  S.  K.California,  at  Caiii].  i-Miy 
(where  also  is  found  the  precciling),  Parish.^ 

*  *   *   Pubescent  or  hirsute :  tufts  of  deciduous  bristles  for  .stipules:  .<lender-.stipilato  cap- 
sule deflexed. 

1  Sub.sequently  collected  near  Kecler,  Inyo  Co.,  Calif.,  by  Covillt  k  Fumton  (.sec  Coiitrib.  V.  S. 
Nat.  Herb.  iv.  G7),  wliose  sp<'cinn'iis  show  the  caiisule  to  be  broadly  dolfoiil  in  outline,  1 }  lines  |on>; 
hy '2i  lines  in  l»readtli.  The  species  has  also  been  reported  from  Newberry  Sta.,  I'alif.  (see  JSoo 
iv.  414). 


.186  C  Apr  ARID  ACE^.  Cleomella. 

C.  obtusifolia,  Torr.  &  Frem.  Diffuse  aud  procumbent:  stems  a  span  to  a  foot  long, 
leafy  tliroughout :  leaves  rather  long-petioled  aud  the  three  obovate  rather  succulent  leaflets 
short-petiolulate,  some  of  the  upper  simple  aiui  ratlier  smaller :  petals  2  or  3  lines  long,  spatu- 
late :  stamens  exserted  :'  style  filiform,  longer  or  even  twice  longer  than  the  ovary  :  stipe  of 
the  fruit  a  (juarter  or  third  inch  long,  about  as  long  as  the  ascendijig  pedicel  and  at  length 
deflexed  upon  it :  ovary  rhomboid-globose :  mature  capsule  birostrate,  the  valves  broadlj^ 
conical  and  produced  mostlv  into  a  long  and  narrow  beak  :  seeds  smooth.  — Frt'mout,  liep. 
311.  &  in  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  12;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  329;  Brew.  &  Wats.  13ot. 
Calif,  i.  52,  &  ii.  433.  —  Saline  soil,  S.  E.  California,  on  and  near  the  Mohave  Desert,  and 
adjacent  Arizona;^  first  coll.  by  Fr€mont.  Varies  from  glabrate  ami  (.v;ir\  smootli  lo  hir- 
sute and  the  capsule  also  hirsute. 

Species  not  seen  and  of  doubtful  affinity. 

C*  Palmerana,  M.  E.  .Tones.  Erect  glabrous  annual,  2  to  10  inches  high,  branclTed  from 
base :  leaflets  3,  oblong-elliptical,  obtuse,  mucronate ;  petiole  an  inch  or  less  long :  lower 
bracts  leaf-like  and  petiolate ;  the  upper  subulate,  attenuate  to  hairs  and  tufted  at  base : 
pedicels  3  to  4  lines  long,  reflexed  in  fruit :  petals  2  lines  long,  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse, 
veiny,  orange :  stameiLS  slightly  exceeding  the  petals  :  stipe  a  line  long  :  fruit  subtrnncate 
at  apex,  triangular,  4  to  5  lines  wide,  2  to  2^  lines  high ;  style  half  line  long :  seeds  ovate, 
spotted,  smooth.  —  Zoe,  ii.  236.  —  Green  River,  Utah,  Jones,  9  May,  1890.  Description  con- 
den.sed  from  the  original  character. 

6.  WISLIZl&NIA,  Eiigelm.  {Dr.  Adolphvs  WisUzenus,  the  first  collector, 
after  Coulter,  of  the  original  species.)  —  Erect  and  branching  annuals  (of  the 
Arizona-Mexican  plateau),  glabrous  or  nearly  so  and  not  glandular,  usually  with 
some  minute  and  fugacious  bristles  for  stipules,  and  densely  racemose  small 
yellow  flowers :  filiform  stipe  in  fruit  refracted  on  the  pedicel.  —  Bot.  App.  to 
"Wisliz.  Mem.  of  Tour  to  Northern  Mexico,  99;  Gray,  PL  Wright,  i.  11,  t.  2, 
&  Pi'oc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  622.  — Two  species. 

"W.  refracta,  Engelm.  1.  c.  Leaves  all  3-foliolate ;  leaflets  oblong  to  obovate :  bracts  mostly 
very  small  or  obsolete :  stipe  of  fruit  (juarter  inch  long,  about  the  length  of  the  pedicel,  not 
much  longer  than  the  persistent  style  and  replum  :  nucumentaceous  mature  carpels  a  line 
long,  lightly  reticulated  and  slightly  tuberculate  at  the  end.  —  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  12. — 
S.  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  S.  California;  first  coll.  by  Tli,  Coulter  (mentioned  in  PI. 
Wright.  1.  c.as  Cleomella  Coulleri,  Harvey),  then  by  WisUzenus,  Thurher,  Wri(/ht,  &c. 
Recently  coll.  on  the  San  Joaquin  River,  Parry,  Cont/don,  probably  immigrant.'^     (Adj.  Mex.) 

"W.  Palmeri,  Gray.  Leaves  so  far  as  known  all  simple,'*  linear  or  subspatulate,  subsessile : 
racemes  looser:  nucumentaceous  carpels  2  lines  long,  obovate-oblong,  with  truncate  summit 
bordered  by  a  row  of  erect  tubercles,  and  sides  striate-nervose.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  I.e.; 
Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  52.  —  Near  the  mouth  of  the  Colorado,  Arizona  aud  Califomia, 
Palmer. 

7.  OXYST"S^LIS,  Torr.  &  Frem.  ('O^vs,  sharp,  o-rvXts,  column  or  style.)  — 
Fremont,  Rep.  312.. —  A  single  little  known  plant. 

O.  lutea,  Torr.  &  Frem.  1.  c.  313.  Nearly  glabrous  winter  annual:  stem  robust,  erect,  a 
foot  or  more  high,  but  flowering  from  the  base :  leaves  trifoliolate,  long-petioled ;  leaflets 
oval,  petiolulate,  inch  or  more  long,  rather  succulent :  flowers  in  a  capituliform  sessile 
glomemle  in  the  axil  of  each  leaf  :  petals  supposed  to  be  yellow  :  carpels  in  fruit  little  over 
a  line  long,  apparently  long  persi.stent  on  the  partly  excavated  but  imperforate  indurated 
axis  or  base  of  the  spiniforra  (quarter  inch  long)  style,  at  length  separating  by  a  perforate 

1  Also  extending  to  the  Sacramentr.  Valley,  see  Coville,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  67. 

2  Now  extending  to  Central  California. 

8  A  form  with  typical  fruit  of  this  species,  but  with  slender-petioled  mostly  3-foliolate  leaves,  has 
been  collected  at  Guaymas,  Mex.,  Palvier  <see  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxiv.  39). 


Capjmris.  KESEDAe'K.E.  Ib7 

scar  as  in  IVislizenia,  the  pericarp  in  time  decayiu}^  away  from  the  more  indurated  Kee<l.  — 
.  Desert  of  tiie  borders  of  S.  E.  California  and  S.  W.  Nevada,  on  tlie  Ainagoza  River,  l-'rtmunt, 
April  28. 

8.  ATAMlSQUEA,  Miors.  (A  Chiliau  naim-.)  —  Trav.  Chil.  ii.  .v_"'  a 
'J'rans.  Liuu.  Sue.  xxi.  1,  t.  1.  —  Single  geograplii<;ully  dissevered  specie.'^. 

A.  emarginata,  Mikus,  l.  c.  Slimh  or  small  tree,  lepidote-eanescent,  with  !<pirii  >•  ■  m 
spreading  branelies  :  k-aves  sliort-petioied,  entire,  lini'ar  or  olilong-lim-ar,  relnse,  inch  or  m) 
long:  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  or  terminating  hranchlets  :  jjeduncle  about  tlie  It-ngili  of 
the  calyx:  fruit  over  (|uarter  inch  long.  —  Hrew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Ciilif.  i.  50;  Wats.  I'nx'. 
Am.  Acad.  xx.  354.1  —  Arid  district,  N.  W.  Sonora,  Mexico,  not  far  from  the  U.  S.  Imjuu-. 
dary,  Th.  Coulter,  Priugle,  Dnnulajee.     (Lower  Calif.,  Mendoza,  Chili.) 

9.  CAPPARIS,  Touru.  (Ancieut  Greek  aud  Latin  name  of  the  CajnT- 
plant,  C.  spinosa.)  —  Large  and  diversified  tropical  genus,  simple-leaved  shrubs 
or  trees,  of  which  two  W.  Indian  (unarmed)  species  have  extended  to  Florida.  — 
Inst.  261,  t.  139  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  437. 

C.  Jamaicensis,  Jacq.  Shrub  or  shrubby  tree,  with  minutely  lepiilote  and  yellowish  hcrlt- 
age :  leaves  soon  smooth  and  shining  above,  coriaceous,  elliptical,  retuse  :  flowers  corymlm-se, 
wliite  or  whitish  :  sepals  ctpnil  and  valvate :  stamens  20  to  .30,  inch  and  a  half  long :  fruit 
siliquiform,  coriaceous,  a  span  to  a  foot  long,  torose,  lepidote-canescent.  —  Knnni.  I'l.  Carib- 
23,  &  Stirp.  Am.  160,  t.  101  ;  Eiciil.  Fl.  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  1,  270,  t.  64,  f.  2;  Ch:ipm.  Fl.  32 -i 
C  emarginata,  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub.  78,  t.  9.  C.  cj/noijhallophora,  L.  Spec.  ed.  1,  i.  504.  C.  lirei/- 
nia,  &  C.  siliijuosa  (excl.  syn.),  L.  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  721.  Brei/nia  arborescens,  &c.,  P.  Browne, 
Jam.  246.  —  Thickets,  Key  West,  aud  probably  ou  the  mainland,  S.  Florida.  (W.  lud.  to 
Hrazil.) 

C.  cynophallophora,  L.  Smooth  and  glabrous  slirub,  with  long  and  spreading  branches : 
leaves  coriaceous,  sliining  above,  veiny,  from  elongated-oblong  to  broadly  oval,  retuse,  com- 
monly a  gland  in  the  axil :  peduncles  few-flowered :  sepals  imbricated  :  stamens  nearly  2 
inches  long :  fruit  a  span  or  so  in  length,  linear,  but  thickish  and  knobby,  more  fleshy, 
usually  about  twice  the  length  of  the  stipe.  —  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  721 ;  Jacq.  1.  c.  1 58,  t.  98 ;  Griscb. 
Fl.  V7.  Ind.  18;  Chapm.  1.  c. ;  Eichl.  1.  c.  282,  t.  63.  Bref/nia  frutirosa,&.c.,\'.  Browne,  Jjim. 
246,  t.  27.  Ci/nnphiil/op/ioni.'i,  &c.,  Pink.  Aim.  126,  t.  172,  f.  4.  — Low  tliickets,  Key  West 
and  Indian  River,  S.  Florida.     'Trop.  Am.» 


Order  XII.     RESEDACEiE. 

By  A.  Or  AY. 

Herbs  with  watery  and  bland  juice,  alternate  leaves,  hermaphrodite  irregular 
and  mostly  uusymmetrical  flowers  in  terminal  racemes  or  spikes,  open  in  the  bud  ; 
stamens  always  more  numerous  than  the  petals :  carpels  2  to  G,  usually  united 
below  into  a  one-celled  ovary  with  parietal  placentae  bearing  several  or  numerous 
campylotropous  or  amphitropous  ovules,  which  become  reniform  seeds  filled  by 
the  incumbently  coiled  or  arcuate  embryo.  Stipules  none  or  gland-like.  Cal_\  x 
herbaceous,  more  or  less  irregular,  of  4  to  7  or  rarely  8  sepals.  Petals  2  to  C>, 
usually  laciniate  or  dentate.  Stamens  3  to  40,  borne  on  the  base  of  the  calyx  or 
on  a  dilated  nectariferous  and  oblique  disk,  declined  or  unilateral.  At  least  the 
tips  of  the  carpels  distinct,  not  produced  into  evident  styles,  introrsely  stigmato.'sc. 

1  Add  Brandctjee,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  sen  2,  ii.  128. 

2  Add  Sargent,  .-^ilva,  i.  33,  t.  19. 


188  RESEDACEJE.  Reseda. 

Fruit  mostly  capsular,  but  not  splitting  into  valves.  Seed-coat  crustaceous.' — 
Natives  of  the  Old  World  :  several  naturalized  [and  one  doubtfully  indigenous] 
in  the  New. 

1.  RESEDA.  Sepals  and  petals  4  to  8,  unequal ;  tlie  latter  unguiculate,  2-many-cleft,  and 
the  claws  of  some  or  all  of  them  dilated  and  internally  appendaged  at  base.  Stamens  10  to 
40,  inserted  on  a  concave  posteriorly  dilated  torus  or  disk.  Ovary  of  3  to  6  carpels  united 
to  near  the  tips,  forming  a  3-6-beaked  capsule,  wliich  dehisces  only  at  the  beaks. 

2.  OLIGOMERIS.  Sepals  4,  or  2  to  5.  Petals  2,  posterior,  without  claws  or  appendages, 
entire  or  repandly  2-3-toothed  at  apex.  No  dilated  torus  or  disk.  Stamens  3  to  10.  OvAry 
and  capsule  of  Reseda. 

1.  RESEDA,  Touru.  (Old  Latin  name,  from  resedo.  to  assuage.)  —  Inst. 
423,  t.  238 ;  L.  Gen.  no.  447  ;  MuelL  Arg.  Monogr.  Resed.  96 ;  DC.  Prodr.  xvi. 
555.  — A  genus  of  about  50  Old  World  species. 

R.  odorAta,  L.,  a  N.  African  species  is  the  Mignonette  of  the  gardens. 

R.  Phyteujia,  L.,  which,  like  the  Mignonette,  has  foliaceoos  persistent  sepals,  occurs  ?n 

Philadelphia  and  New  York  ballast  grounds. 

R.  LuTEOLA,  L.  (Vellow-weed,  Dyer's  Rocket,  Dyer's  Weed.)  —  A  tall  strict  biennial 
glabrous,  leafy  :  leaves  entire  or  with  undulate-crisped  margins,  lanceolate  to  linear  :  flowers 
very  numerous  in  a  long  spike,  yellow  or  yellowish,  minutely  bracteate :  sepals  and  petals  4 ; 
the  former  persistent;  latter  few-lobed:  stamens  25,  with  long-persistent  filaments:  capsule 
broader  than  high,  somewhat  torose,  3-lobed,  3-pointed;  seeds  smooth  and  shining.  — Spec, 
i.  448. —  Sparingly  established  along  roadsides  in  N.  Atlantic  States  and  California;  fl. 
summer.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

R.  lutea,  L.  Rather  low  biennial,  less  leafy :  leaves  irregularly  pinnately  parted  or  bipin^ 
natifid,  with  few  linear  obtuse  lobes :  flowers  in  a  close  raceme,  pale  yellow  :  sepals  and 
petals  6,  very  unequal:  stamens  16  to  20  :  capsule  clavate-oblong,  3-pointed  :  seeds  black.  — 
Spec.  i.  449.  —  Nantucket,  Mass.,  and  in  ballast  grounds.     (Sparingly  nat.  from  Eu.) 

R.*  i.LBA,  L.i  Tall  and  rather  coarse :  leaves  pinnatifid  with  numerous  oblong  segments, 
somewhat  glaucous  :  flowers  greenish  white:  petals  h  or  6,  all  trifid:  stamens  12  to  15.  — 
Spec.  i.  449.  —  Waste  ])laces  and  roadsides  in  a  few  localities,  extending  across  the  continent 
but  scarcely  established.     (Adv.  from  Eu.) 

2.  OLiIGtCMERIS,  Camb.  ('OAtyos,  few,  juepts,  member,  i.  e.  a  reduced 
Reseda.)  — Low  and  glaucous,  chiefly  annuals  (Indo- African),  with  narrow  linear 
and  entire  leaves  and  small  greenish  flowers  in  terminal  spikes.  —  Camb.  in 
Jacquemont,  Voy.  Ind.lv.  23,  24,  t.  25;  Muell.  Arg.  in  DC.  Prodr.  xvi.  584. 
Oligomeris  &  Holopetalum  (Turcz.),  Muell.  Arg.  Monogr.  Resed.  213,  208.''^ 
O.*  glaucescens,  Ca-mb.^  1.  c.     Annual  or  biennial,  a  span  or  two  high,  much  branched  at 

base  into  ascending  stems  :  leaves  somewhat  fleshy  :  petals  oblong,  obscurely  lobed  (some- 
times united),  occupying  with  the  three  stamens  tiie  posterior  side  of  the  flower :  capsule 
depressed  globose,  4-lobed,  4-cuspidato  ;  seeds  smooth.  —  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  16 ;  Hook.  f. 
Fl.  Wr.t  Ind.  i.  181.  0.  dispersa,  Muell.  Arg.  Monogr.  Resed.  214.  0.  subulata,  Webb, 
Frag.  ^Ethiop.  26 ;  Boiss.  Fl.  Or.  i.  435 ;  Mnell.  Arg.  in  DC.  Prodr.  xvi.  587 ;  Brew.  & 
Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  53.  Reseda  subulata,  Delile,  Fl  JEgypt:  111.  15  (1813).  R.  Unifolia, 
Vahl  in  ITornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  501  (1815).  R.  dipetnia,  Spreng.  Syst.  ii.  463.  Resedella 
subulata  &  R.  dipetala,  Webb  &  Berth.  Phyt.  Canar.  i.  107,  t.  11.  Ellimia  rudemlis,  Nutt.  in 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  125  (&  669).  — Dry  grounds,  S.  California  to  New  Mexico.*  (Adj. 
Hex.,  Lower  Calif,  N.  Afr.,  Asia.) 

1  In  Dr.  Gray's  ms.  only  mentioned  as  a  ballast-weed. 

2  Add  syn.  Dipetalia,  Raf.  Fl.  Tellur.  iii.  73- 

3  Dr.  Gray  regarded  this  plant  as  introduced  in  America,  but  .subsequent  observations  show  it  to 
be  probably  indigenous  ;  see  ParLsh,  Zoe,  i.  301. 

4  Eastward  to  El  Paso,  Tex.,  Jones.  Add  syn.  Dipetalia  subulata,  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  i.  59  ; 
Coville,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  68. 


Hdianthemum.  CIS'i'ACEJi.  189 

OuDER  XIII.    CISTACE^. 

By  a.  Gray;    the  geuus  Lcchca  revised  hy  Ji.  L.  Hoiushox. 

Shrubby  or  nearly  herbaceous  plants ;  with  rcguhir  and  prevailingly  polyan- 
drous  5-merous  or  3-merous  flowers,  hypogynous,  the  one-celled  ovary  with  3  or  ."> 
parietal  placentne,  bearing  several  or  many  orthotropous  ovule«,  and  seeds  witii 
an  embryo  curved  or  coiled  in  the  copious  albumen.  Calyx  and  corolla  convo- 
lute in  the  bud,  usually  turned  opposite  ways,  or  sometimes  imbricated.  Sepals 
5,  two  wholly  external,  much  smaller  and  bract-like  (rather  to  be  regarded  as 
bracts),  persistent.  Petals  5  or  3.  Stamens  not  rarely  fevy,  sometimes  def- 
initely so.  Style  single  or  none :  stigmas  either  united  or  separate.  Capsule 
loculicidally  3-5-valved.  Leaves  opposite  or  alternate,  penniveined,  entire, 
with  or  without  small  stipules.  —  Largely  of  the  Old  World  (and  Meditrrra- 
neau)  for  species,  but  tw^o  of  the  four  genera  exclusively  N.  American,  and 
one  genus  common.  CiSTUS,  the  Rock  Rose,  belongs  chiefly  to  the  Mt'<lit<rra- 
nean  region. 

*  Petals  5,  fugacious,  opening  in  sunshine,  caducous  at  iiiglitfall :    ovary  and    cai»ulo 
strictly  one-celled,  with  3  nerviform  placenta;. 

1.  HELIANTHEMUM.  Petals  broad,  in  all  well  developed  flowers  crumjded  in  tlie  l.ud. 
Stigma  ca])itate  or  cristate  and  3-lobed,  in  ours  sessile  or  nearly  so  on  the  ovary.  Ovules 
few  or  numerous,  on  long  funiculi.     Embryo  much  curved  or  coiled. 

2.  HUDSONIA.  Petals  not  crumpled  in  the  bud,  cuncate  or  ol>ov.ite.  Stamens  9  to  .30. 
Style  long  and  filiform:  stigma  minute.  Ovary  with  2  ovules  to  each  placenta.  Sei»aLs 
connivent  in  fruit,  enclosing  the  2-6-seeded  capsule.  Embryo  unciuate-circinate.  Foliage 
heath-like. 

*  *   Petals  3,  persistent :  placentae  on  incomplete  dis.sepiments. 

3.  LECHEA.  Petals  alternate  with  the  3  proper  sepals,  not  longer  than  they,  plane  in  the 
bud,  obovato  or  oblong,  marcescent.  Stamens  3  to  12  or  rarely  more,  wlien  reduced  to 
three  opposite  the  petals.  Ovary  short-stipitate :  style  very  sliort  or  none :  stigmas  3, 
fimbriate-plumose.  Placentae  3,  broad  and  valve-like,  each  bearing  a  pair  of  erect  subsesvsile 
ovule.s,  one  on  each  side  of  the  posterior  face.  Capsule  glol)ose  and  oliscurely  triangular, 
crustaceous ;  valves  separating  fr(nn  the  broad  placenta*,  which  seem  to  be  interior  reversed 
valves.     Embryo  slender,  arcuate  or  more  curved  in  the  hard  albumen. 

1.  HELIANTHEMUM,  Tourn.  Rock  Rosk,  but  the  name  properly 
belongs  only  to  Cfstns.  (Composed  of  ?]Ato9,  the  sun,  and  uvOefjiov,  flower,  the 
blossoms  opening  only  in  direct  sunshine.)  —  The  American  species  are  e.ssci' 
tially  herbaceous  or  some  with  merely  suffrutescent  base,  and  with  .nlli-rnatf 
leaves,  strictly  parietal  placentje,  and  yellow  flowers.  And  in  the  rirst  section 
there  is  a  second  kind  of  flower,  more  or  less  diminutive  and  cleistogamous.  — 
Inst.  248,  t.  128;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  307  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  203,  i.  87. 

*  Atlantic  species,  with  dimorphous  flowers;    viz.  the  nonnal  or  ephemeral,  w if' 
fugacious   petals,   indefinite   stamens,  and    many-see<lod    capsules:    and    the    I 

smaller,  cryptopetahms  or  apetalous,  .3-10-androus,  cleistogamous.  with  very  fen   - 

and  seeds :  herbage  liiiereous  or  canescent  with  minute  and  do.se  jmbescrnce.  especially 
the  lower  face  of  tlie  lea\cs.  tlie  upper  face  glabnUe  ami  green.  —  I/ilerumriii',  Sjiach  in 
Hook.  Cmp.  Hot.  Mag.  ii.  2'.)(),  &  .\nn.  Sci    .\at.  ser.  2,  vi.  .37(U 


190  CISTACE.E.  Helianthemum. 

H.*  Canadense,  Michx.^  (Frost-weed,  so  named  because  in  this  was  first  noticed  the 
shooting  forth  of  acicular  ice-crystals  from  the  dead  and  cracked  bark  at  tiie  root  in  late 
autumn.)  Slender,  with  a  few  more  or  less  elongated  spreading  flexuous  branches,  ])uberu- 
lent*'but  scarcely  canescent:  leaves  elliptic-oblong  or  oblong-linear,  somewhat  harsh  and 
rigid,  narrowly  revolute  at  the  margins:  normal  flowers  hirge,  bright  yellow,  usually  an 
inch  sometimes  e\  en  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  diameter,  the  earliest  borne  in  the  primary 
forks  of  the  stem,  later  ones  higher,  becoming  rather  remote :  capsules  3  lines  in  diameter : 
cleistogamous  flowers  borne  rather  few  in  a  cluster  at  the  ends  of  short  branches  or  by  2's 
and  3's  in  the  axils .  fruiting  calyx  at  maturity  1-J  to  2  lines  in  diameter.  — Fl.  i.  308,  a'- 
interpreted  by  Bicknell,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxi.  258;  Gray,  Gen,  111.  i.  204,  t.  87  ;  Sprague  i. 
Goodale,  Wild  Flowers,  t.  29.  ?  H.  mmnUjlurnin,  Michx.  1.  c.  307,  form  with  cleistogamouf 
flowers.  —  Massachusetts,  on  Martlia's  Vineyard  lo  the  Smoky  Mts.,  N.  Carolina,  Dmrdslei 
&  Ko/oid,  to  Ft.  Gratiot,  Mich.,  Pitditr ;  Dliuois,  Paticrson,  and  (?)  Texas,  Berlandier. 

H.*  majus,  Biutt.  Sterns  &  Poggenb.  Somewhat  taller,  stricter,  and  more  canescent- 
pubescent ;  branches  short,  ascending,  seldom  surpassing  the  rather  close  raceme  of  normal 
flowers :  corolla  paler  yellow  and  somewhat  smaller :  cleistogamous  flowers  very  small  in 
dense  many-flowered  subsessile  clusters :  fruiting  calyx  about  a  lijie  in  diameter.  —  Torr. 
Club,  Prelim.  Cat.  N.  Y.  6,  excl.  syn.  Michx. ;  Bicknell,  1.  c.  H.  Canadense,  of  authors, 
in  part.  1  II.  rosmaiinlfolium  &  II.  co7\i/nibosu?n,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  364.  H.  Canadense,  var. 
Walkene,  Evans,  Bot.  Gaz.  xv.  211.  Lechea  major,  L.  Spec.  ii.  90,  &  Ama-n.  Acad.  iii.  11, 
t.  1,  f.  4.  —  S.  Maine  to  New  York,  and  westward  and  soutbwestward  to  the  Black  Kills, 
S.  Dakota,  Forwood,  Rydbcnj ;  Colorado,  Mrs.  Walker,  and  Texas,  Ilatfes ;  ?  Alabama, 
Mohr. 

H.  capitatum,  Nltt.  More  slender  and  branching:  leaves  linear,  or  spatulate-linear, 
even  the  upper  face  somewhat  hoary,  tlie  margins  revolute  •  normal  flowers  on  filiform 
peduncles  terminating  the  branches,  with  corolla  le.ss  than  half  inch  in  diameter  and  calyx 
minutely  canescent ;  cryptopetalous  ones  capitellate-gloraerate.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl. 
i.  151  (as  syn.),  &  in  Engelm.  &  Gray,  Fl.  Lindh.  pt.  1,  4,  inept  name.  H.  polifoliuni,  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  151.  Heteromeris  polifolia,  Spach,  11.  cc.  —  Sandy  soil,  Texas  (first  coll.  by 
Berlandier),  and  Arkansas,  Nuttall. 

H.  corymbosum,  Micnx.  Many-stemmed  from  lignescent  base,  a  span  to  a  foot  high, 
canescent :  leaves  oval  to  oblong-lanceolate :  flowers  glomerate  in  a  corymbiform  terminal 
cyme,  short-pedicelled  to  subsessile :  calyx  soft-villous :  normal  flowers  over  half  inch  in 
diameter  and  with  sepals  3  or  4  lines  long ;  cryptopetalous  ones  few.  —  Fl.  i.  307  ;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  I.e. ;  Chapm.  Fl.  35.  Cislus  corymbo.'ius,  Poir.  SupjA.  ii.  272.  Heteromeris  ci/mosa, 
Spach,  11.  cc.  —  Sands  along  the  coast,  N.  Carolina  to  Florida. 

*  *  S.  Atlantic  species  with  homomorphous  flowers. 

H.  arenicola,  Chapm.  Many-stemmed  and  diffuse  from  a  woody  hase,  canescent  through- 
out: leaves  oblong-linear  or  tlie  lower  spatulate,  obtuse,  inch  or  less  long,  nearly  veinless: 
flowers  solitary  or  few  in  a  fascicle,  on  peduncles  half  or  quarter  inch  long :  corolla  fully 
half  inch  in  diameter:  principal  sepals  3  or  4  lines  long,  oval,  obtuse.  —  Fl.  35.  //.  Cana- 
dense, var.  ohtnsum.  Wood,  Classbook,  ed.  of  1861,  246.  —  Siiifting  sand  of  the  coast,  W. 
Florida,  Chapman,  to  Mississippi,  J.  Donnell  Smith. 

H.*  Nashi,  Brittox.  Similar  to  the  last  in  its  ligneous  base,  its  habit  and  pubescence : 
leaves  acute  at  both  ends :  flowers  in  leafy-bractcd  thyrsoid  clusters :  inner  sepals  oval,  very 
ol)tuse.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  147.  —  In  "  scrub,"  near  Eustis,  Florida,  G.  V.  Nash. 

H.  Carolinianum,  Michx.  Mo.stly  simple-stemmed  from  slender  merely  lignescent  sub- 
terranean shoots,  a  span  or  two  high,  villous-pubescent,  not  hoary,  few-flowered :  leaves 
obovate  to  oblong,  inch  or  two  long,  radical  ones  ro.sulate-clustered  :  flowers  terminal  or 
lateral,  slender-peduncled :  corolla  inch  or  more  in  diameter :  principal  sepals  ovate,  acu- 
minate, about  half  inch  long.  —  Fl.  i.  307;    Sweet,  Cist.  t.  99;    Torr.  &  Gray,  FL  i.  152; 

1  The  de.=;cription  of  this  plant  has  been  rewritten  to  exclude  the  following  species.  The  credit  of 
the  first  clear  distinction  between  these  nearly  related  plants  is  due  to  the  close  observation  of  Mr. 
E.  P.  Bicknell,  and  the  names  here  used  are  those  he  has  employed,  although  there  is  still  a  doubt  as 
to  the  identity  of  tlie  Linnsean  Lechea  major. 


Huihonia.  CISTACE.E.  I'Jl 

Cliapm.  1.  c.i  CVs/«.s  Carolinianus,  Walt.  Car.  152;  Vent.  Dcscr.  PI.  Nouv.  Jard.  Celt*,  t.  74. 
Crocaiilhemum  Carol inlaniim,  Spacli,  Aun,  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  vi.  370. —  Sandy  pine  woods,  near 
the  coast,  N.  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Texas. 

#  *   *   racittc  spei'ies :  flowers  homoniorphou.s. 

H-  SCOparium,  Nctt.  a  foot  or  two  high,  snlTrntcscent  at  hone,  corynibosely  much 
branc lud,  slender,  glabrou.s  or  glabrate  up  to  the  .xparse  i)ani<ulate  inHorc'.>iC<Mice :  leaves 
narrowly  linear,  small,  often  sj)arse  and  minute  on  the  liliforni  branches :  sepals  minutc-ly 
cancscent  or  sometimes  glaiulular-pubernlent,  3  lines  long,  outer  usually  tniuulc:  corolla 
half  or  two  thirds  inch  in  diameter.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Ciray,  Fl.  i.  \:>2  ;  Lindl.  Jour,  llort. 
iSoc.  V.  79;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  54.  Limim  trisc/ntluin,  Kellogg,  I'roc.  Calif.  Aca«l. 
Sci.  ill.  42,  f.  10.-  —  Dry  hills  througli  W.  California. 

H.*  Greenei,  Robinson,  n.  sp.  Base  ligneous,  much  branched :  stems  6  inches  to  more 
than  a  fdOt  in  height :  younger  parts  except  the  intloresconce  densely  white  woolly :  leaves 
lance-linear,  two  tliirds  inch  long,  a  line  wide  ;  margins  revolute ;  iuHorcscencc  a  rathCr  close 
dichotomous  cyme,  densely  covered  with  dark  glandular  hairs:  calyx  villons ;' the  ovate 
acumiuate  inner  sepals  3  to  4  lines  in  length,  half  longer  than  the  linear  outer  ones:  jietals 
2i  to  4  lines  long :  stamens  about  22 :  fruit  not  seen,  said  to  be  as  long  an  the  calyx.  — 
H  occidentalc,  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  144,  not  Nyni.  — Island  of  Santa  Cruz,  off 
the  Californian  coast,  Greene,  Brandegte. 

2.  HUDSONIA,  L.  (William  Hudson,  author  of  Flora  Anglica.) — 
E.  North  American  frnticulose  plants,  with  fine  iieath-like  foliage,  i.  e,  leaves  very 
small,  sessile,  appressed  or  erect,  alternate,  closely  imliricateil  on  the  steiu.s  and 
branches,  persistent :  flowers  small,  sessile  or  peduncuhite,  terminating  crowded 
short  branchlets,  expanding  in  sunshine  for  one  day  only  :  petals  yellow  (about 
2  lines  long),  as  also  the  inner  face  of  the  three  ovate  principal  sepals  :  tl.  sum- 
meiL  — Mant.  11,  &.ii.  514;  Willd.  Hort.  Berol.  t.  15;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i. 
207,  t.  90. 

H.  tomentosa,  Nutt.  (Povkrty  Guass.)  A  foot  or  less  high,  tomeutose-canescent : 
leaves  all  appressed,  subulate  or  uppermost  broader,  thickish,  a<.utish,  a  line  long :  flowers 
sessile  or  some  short-peduncled :  sepals  obtuse :  ovary  quite  glabrous.  —  Gen.  ii.  5  ;  Sweet, 
Cist.  t.  57  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  155  ;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  80,  t.  9  ;  Gr.ay,  Gen.  111.  i.  208,  t.  W. 
II.  ericoides,  Richards,  in  Frankl.  1st  .Journ.  ed.  1,  App.  739  (reprint,  p.  1 1 ).  —  Sandy  beaches 
and  shores,  Virginia  to  Nova  Scotia,  shores  of  all  the  Great  Lakes,  and  north  to  Slave 
Lake,  rarely  (as  in  Lee  Co ,  Illinois)  on  banks  of  streams  inland. 
H.  ericoides,  L.  A  span  or  two  iiigh,  diffuse,  cinereous  with  loose  pubescence,  glabrate  in 
age:  leaves  lax,  nearly  filiform,  the  cauline  on  vigorous  shoots  commonly  3  linos  long: 
peduncles  filiform,  as  long  as  the  flower :  sepals  narrow,  acutish  :  ovary  pilose  or  glabnnis 
only  near  the  ba.«e.  —  Mant.  74;  Berg.  Stockholm  Acad.  Ilandl.  xxxix.  t.  1  (1778);  Lam. 
Ill.t.  401;  Willd.  Hort.  Rerol.  t.  15;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t  192;  Sweet,  Ci.<t.  t.  ;?f. :  Torr. 
&  Gray,  1.  c.  154.  //.  Nittlal/ii,  Don,  Syst.  i.  .115. —Sandy  or  rocky  groun<l,  Virginia 
to  Nova  Scotia  along  and  near  tiie  coast,  extending  into  the  interior  to  Conway,  New 
Hampshire.-' 
H.  montana,  Nctt.  1.  c.  A  .sp.an  high,  green,  minutely  pubescent,  only  tlie  cnlyx  villoui*- 
toinentose :  leaves  erect,  nearly  filiform,  2  or  3  lines  long:  flowers  short-peduncled.  com- 
paratively large  :  sepals  ovate,  acuminate,  sometinies  2-pointcd  :  ovary  suft-villous.  —  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  155  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  36.  —  On  the  small  summit  of  Table  Monntain,  N.  Carolina  ; 
first  coll.  by  Nuttall 

1  Add  Meehan,  Native  Flowers, -ser.  2,  ii.  77,  t.  19. 

2  AH.l  .syn.  ?£r.  ^  We  rsonu,  Greene,  Erythf-n,  i.  259.      ii   ......  v...,,, .^  -, 

appears  from  character  by  Dr.  Palmer's  no.  18  from  the  s.ime  region,  it  is  with  little  doubt  merely  a 
.southern  and  more  l.-iify  form  of  ff.  sropariitm,  at  least  such  w.-ls  Dr.  Gray's  view. 

8  Also  at  Burlington  Bay,  Lake  Clianiplain,  t.'rnul,  Jotus  Si  F.<jijUston. 


192  CISTACEiE.  Lechea. 

3.  LECHEA,  Kiilm.  Pinweed."  {Prof.  J.  Ler}n,oi  Xho.) — rerenniuls, 
with  base  hardly  sulirutescent,  branching,  and  bearing  numerous  small  purplish 
flowers  :  leaves  from  alternate  to  irregularly  verticillate,  oval  to  linear  or  on  the 
branchlets  subulate.  Flower  buds  seldom  larger  than  the  head  of  a  pin,  expand- 
in  «•  only  in  the  absence  of  sunshine,  produced  in  summer.  Capsule  in  all  more 
or  less  triangular.  —  Kalm  in  L.  Amoju.  Acad.  iii.  10,  &  Gen.  ed.  o,  no.  102; 
Gsertn.  Fruct.  t.  129;  Torr.  &,  Gray,  Fl.  i.  152.  Lechea  &  Lechidium,  Spacli 
in  Hook.  Comp.  Bot.  Mag.  ii.  282,  286.     [Revised  by  B.  L.  RoBrxsoN.] 

§  1.  EoLECHEA.i  Flowers  either  glomerately  or  sparsely  paniculate:  pla- 
centae in  fruit  thinnish,  hardly  crustaceous,  fragile,  free  (the  partitions  becoming 
evanescent),  their  sides  recurving  around  the  one  or  two  seeds  :  all  or  most  of  the 
species  producing  from  the  base  of  the  flowering  stem  copious  prostrate  or  barely 
ascending  sterile  shoots,  which  are  thickly  beset  with  mainly  opposite  or  verticil- 
late  thyme-like  leaves. 

*  Pubescence  villous  and  more  or  les.s  spreading  :  leaves  about  half  as  broad  as  long  :  flow- 
ers glonierate-cymulose,  very  short-pedicelled. 

L.  major,  Miciix.  Stem  erect,  2  or  3  feet  high,  with  short  lateral  flowering  branches,  very 
leafy:  loaves  tiiinnish,  puucticulate,  abruptly  mucronate;  cauliiie  iialf  inch  to  inch  long, 
oblong,  many  of  them  as  well  as  tlie  smaller  ones  of  the  radical  shoots  in  whorls  of  2  to  4 : 
flowers  at  length  much  crowded  :  capsule  depressed-globose,  about  one  sixteenth  of  an  inch 
iong,  at  maturity  slightly  exceedii^g  the  calyx.  —  Fl.  i.  76  ;  Poir.  Snppl.  iii.  340  ;  Puxsh,  Fl. 
i.  90;  Torr.  &  Ciray,  Fl.  i.  153;  Gray,  Man.  49;  not  L.,  which  is  a  Ilelianthemum.  L.  minor, 
Smith  in  Rees,  Cycl.  xxi.,  not  of  L.,  although  a  specimen  in  herb,  belongs  to  it.  L.  villosa, 
Ell.  Sk.  i.  184;  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  90.-^  L.  miicronata,  Raf.  Prec.  De'couv.  37,  &  (?)  in  Desv.  Jour. 
Bot.  iv.  269  (1814).  Probably  L.  Drummondii,  Spach  in  Hook.  Comp.  Bot.  Mag.  ii.  284 
(elaborately  described  from  single  and  very  imperfect  fruiting  s])ecimen,  coll.  Apalachicola, 
Drtimmondj,  from  the  pubescence  and  thin  leaves  of  the  radical  slioots  ;  but  capsule  said  to 
be  "  ellipsoid."  —  Dry  sandy  or  gravelly  soil,  New  England  and  adjacent  Canada  to  Nebra.ska 
and  W.  Kansas,  and  ^outh  to  Florida  and  Texas. 

Var.  divaricata,  Gr.\y,  n.  var.  Long-branched  from  near  the  base :  flowering 
branchlets  sunictimes  divaricate  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  quarter  to  half  inch  long,  mostly 
alternate  ;  stamens  commonly  more  numerous.  —  L.  divaricata,  Sliuttl.  in  distr.  coll.  Rugel.'^ 
—  Sandy  pine  woods,  Florida  (Manatee,  &c.),  Bucklei/,  Rngal,  Garber ;  Texas,  Palmer. 
(Mex.,  Shaffmr.) 

*  *  Pubescence  appressed:    leaves   narrower:    flowers  paniculate:    capsule  globose  to 
ellipsoid. 

-1-  Leaves  of  the  sterile  basal  shoots  oval  to  oblong,  relatively  broad. 

L.*  minor,  L.  About  2  feet  high,  quite  erect  or  with  ascending  brandies,  finely  pubescent 
.  but  not  canescent :  cauhne  leaves  oval  or  oblong,  3  to  4  or  the  larger  5  to  6  lines  long, 
abruptly  short-petioled,  mucronate,  some  hairy  (at  least  the  margins),  some  whorled  or 
opposite ;  those  of  the  crowded  i>anicles  varying  to  linear :  capsule  obovate-globose,  com- 
monly surpassed  by  at  least  one  of  tlic  outer  sepals.  —  Spec.  i.  90,  as  to  one  out  of  several 
specimens, .^f/e  Britton,  1.  c.  24 Z-  L.  thi/mifolia,  Michx.  El.  i.  77  ;  Smith  in  Rees,  Cycl.  xxi. 
L.  NovcE-Cipnare/E,  Au.stin  in  Gray.  Man.  ed.  5,  81.  — Dry  ground.  New  England  near  the 
coa.st  to  S.  Carolina  and  even  to  Florida. 

L.*  maritima,  Leogett.  Stout  and  bushy,  a  foot  or  two  high,  canescent-tomentose : 
radical  shoots  formed  late  in  the  autumn,  commonly  ascending  with  thickish  oblong  leaves, 

1  Dr.  Gray's  latest  views  regarding  this  group  have  been  largely  incorporated  in  the  sixth  edition 
of  the  Manual,  and  his  treatment  of  the  genus  for  the  present  work  h;is  been  somewhat  freely  modified 
in  the  light  of  Dr.  Britton's  careful  revi.sion  (Bull.  Torr.  Club,  x.xi.  244-253)  based  upon  the  long 
study  and  exten.sivc  collection  of  W.  H.  Leggett,  Esq. 

-  Add  Britton,  1.  c.  248.  3  Add  Britton,  1.  c.  249. 


Lcchea.  CIS'l'ACK,!:.  103 

hoary  with  ajiprcssed  {luhcsccnce ;  cauliiio  leaves  puheruleiil  or  ghihrous,  linear  to  liuoar- 
obloiig,  4  to  8  lines  long,  J  to  1  i  lines  l)nia(i :  pani.le  l.ri»a<l.  <lense,  pyrami.lal  :  liowers  ri-.l- 
dish  (at  leiuit  in  fading)  ;  calyx  canescent;  outer  sepals  nearly  e<iiialiiii;,'  or  distinctly  shorter 
than  the  inner:  capsule  glohoso,  al)out  half  line  in  diameter.  —  Loggeit  in  Urittoti'  Prelim. 
Cat.  N.  J.  13,  &  Bull.  Terr.  Cluh,  xxi.  249.  L.  llu/mifolia,  I'ursh,  Fl.  i.  91  ;  Gray,  Ucn.  111. 
i.  206,  t.  88.  L.  minor,  var.  murilima.  Gray,  nis.  Syn.  Fl.,  &  Man.  cd.  G,  77.  — Sand v  wjil 
along  and  near  the  coast,  Maine,  /Hide,  Fernatd,  to  Georgia,  and  (ace.  to  IJritton)  appar- 
ently in  White  Mountains  at  Crawford  ^'otch. 

-t—  -1—  Leaves  of  the  sterile   hasal  shoots  relatively  narrower,  linear,  linear  lanceolate,  or 
ohlong-liuear,  the  edges  usually  revolute:  outer  sepals  not  exceeding  the  inner  (except  in 
fj.  teiiiii/olia). 
++  Fruiting  calyx  glohular  or  broadly  ovoid,  and  with  the  nearly  globose  capsule  mostly 

rather  large  for  the  genus. 
=  Inflorescence  an  elongated  and  usually  narrow  panicle,  with  short  ascending  branches. 

L.*  stricta,  Legcett.  Appressed  silky-pubescent  and  canescent :  stems  strict,  a  foot  or  more 
in  heiglit,  very  leafy  :  leaves  and  short  branches  ascending  or  often  appressed,  almost  linear, 
4  to  10  lines  long;  those  of  the  sterile  shoots  only  2  or  3  lines  in  length  :  capsule  globose, 
light  brown,  less  than  a  line  in  diameter.  —  Leggett  in  Britton,  1.  c.  251.  L.  minor,  forma 
stricta,  Gray,  ms.  Syn.  Fl.  —  Prairies  of  Illinois,  V^usei/,  Bebh ;  Iowa  and  Wisconsin  (ace.  to 
Britton);  Miimesota  (ace.  to  E.  J.  Hill)  and  (?)  to  Belleville,  Canada,  Mmuun.  A  well 
marked  inland  type  but  more  doubtful  in  its  ea.stern  extension.  Nearly  related  forms  from 
Maine,  Fcrnald,  are  probably  better  referred  to  the  following. 

L.*  intermedia,  Leggktt.  Usually  about  a  foot  and  a  half  high,  not  cane.scent  nor  silky- 
villuus  hnt  finely  strigose-pubescent :  stem  leaves  narrowly  oblong,  acute  or  acutish  at  iioth 
ends,  6  to  12  lines  long,  ^  to  1^  lines  broad:  elongated  panicle  rather  dense:  capsule  glo- 
bose, a  line  or  more  in  diameter,  larger  than  in  the  related  species.  —  Leggett  in  Britton, 
1.  c.  252.  ?  L.  minor,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  91  ;?  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  72 ;  Gray,  ms.  Syn.  FL,  &  Man. 
ed.  6,  77,  in  part;  not  Linn,  nor  Walt,  nor  Lam.  —  Dry  rocky  soil,  very  common  from  New 
Brunswick  and  Canada  to  Pennsylvania. 

=  =  Inflorescence  much  broader,  pyramidal  or  subcorymbose  :  brandies  slender  and  deli- 
cate, widely  spreading. 

L.*  Leggettii,  Britton  &  Hollick.  Ten  inches  to  a  foot  and  a  half  high,  slender,  finely 
strigose  pubescent  or  glabrate:  cauline  leaves  linear,  5  to  10  lines  long,  usually  acute  at  both 
ends;  those  of  the  sterile  shoots  linear  to  oblong-linear,  2  or  3  lines  long,  scarcely  over  half  a 
line  wide  :  panicle  diffuse,  flowers  mo.stly  terminal  and  subterminal  or  shortly  racemose  at 
the  ends  of  the  slender  branches:  capsule  obovoid,  three  f.jurths  liue  in  diameter:  outer 
sepals  shorter  than  or  barely  e(iualling  the  inner,  the  latter  (at  least  in  some  c.ises)  indis- 
tinctly 3-nerved. — Torr.  Club,  Prelim.  Cat.  N.  V.  6  ;  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxi.  2."»l. 
L.  Leggettii,  var.  puhheUa,  Britton  &  Hollick,  1.  c.  Lamarck's  A.  minor,  placed  here  by 
Britton,  is  a  very  poor  and  dubious  sketch.  —  Dry  soil.  Long  Isl.and  and  New  .Jersey  to  \'ir- 
ginia  and  (ace.  to  Britton)  west  to  Indiana.  Distinguished  from  the  following  in  its  sepals, 
taller  liabit,  and  less  distinctly  racemose  inflorescence. 

L.  tenuifolia,  Miciix.  Low,  diffuse,  .slender,  minutely  .appre.<wcd-pubescent  or  glabrous, 
or  the  cespitose  radical  shoots  more  pubescent :  leaves  all  small  and  narrow  ;  of  the  radical 
shoots  2  lines  long  not  half  a  line  wide  ;  cauline  filiform-linear  and  in  the  diffuse  racemose- 
paniculate  inflorescence  reduced  to  small  subulate  bracts:  flowers  mostly  very  sliort-pe<li- 
celled  :  sepals  wholly  destitute  of  lateral  ribs:  capsule  ovoid-globose.  —  Fl.  i.  77;  Ihirsh, 
Fl.  i.  91  ;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  185  L.  minor,  vars.  /3  &  7.  Torr.  &  tJray,  Fl.  i.  154.  /..  lf„si„i,{tj, 
Spach  in  Hook.  Comp.  Bot.  Mag.  ii.  285. — Dry  and  .«terile,  soil,  especially  in  pine  barren.^, 
E.  Massachusetts  to  Florida,  Texa.s,  Arkansas,  and  Illinois.'     (Cuba  ) 

■H-  ++  Smaller-flowered:  fruiting  cilyx  narrower :  capsule  elli|>soidal. 

L.  racemulosa.   Lam.     Erect,  a  foot  or  less  high,  with  some  soft  silky  puliescenc^  when 

young,  soon  nearly  glabrous  except  the  radical  shoots:   leaves  less  rigiil,  bm.od   for   I  be 

section,  mucronate ;   those  of  the  radical  shoots  hirsutely  pnl>escent  when  young,  narrowly 

oblong,  2  or  3  lines  long;  c.iuline  oblong  linear,  4  to  6  lines  long,  of  the  bninchlets  n.arn>wly 

1  Nortbw.-st  to  Wix.'onsin,  ;iec.  to  Rrittnn,  1.  c.  2.^0. 

1.3 


194  CISTACEiE.  Lechea. 

Unear :  inflorescence  loosely  racemose-paaiculate,  effuse ;  the  pedicels  commonly  slender  and 
spreading:  fruiting  calyx  obovoid-oblong,  glabrous.  —  III.  ii.  423,  t.  28!,  f.  3;  I'oir.  Suppl. 
iii.  340  (describing  more  pubescent  form  tliau  usual);  Michx.  FI.  i.  7V. —  Dry  and  rocky 
soil,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,*  to  Florida  and  Kentucky. 

L.  patula  Lkguktt.  About  a  foot  bigli,  very  copiously  and  effusely  branched,  appressed- 
pubescent  and  glabrate  :  branches  filiform  :  leaves  of  radical  shoots  not  seen  ;  cauline  linear 
or  lower  ublong-linear,'2  or  3  lines  long,  of  branchlets  subulate  :  flowers  racemo.se  paniculate, 
short-pedicelled :  calyx  glabrate,  rather  shorter  than  tlie  narrowly  ellipsoid  capsule.  —  Bull. 
Torr.  Club,  vi.  251  ;  Curtiss,  distr.  N.  Am.  PI.  231**.  —  Dry  pine  barrens,  S.  Carolina  to 
Florida,  Raienet,  Curtiss. 

L.  Torreyi,  Leggett.  Erect  and  sK  'er,  2  feet  high,  with  ascending  branches,  cinereous- 
puberuleut  or  sparsely  pubescent :  leave  '  radical  shoots  unknown  ;  cauline  narrowly  linear, 
3  to  6  lines  long,  alternate,  ascending,  uppermost  reduced  to  minute  bracts  of  the  racemi- 
form  branches  of  tlie  loose  panicles :  pedicels  short :  calyx  externally  canescent,  little  over 
lialf  line  long  :  inmiature  capsules  oval  aud  triangular.—  Leggett  in  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  81. 
L.  race mulosa,  Rook.  Jour.  Bot.  i.  193,  not  Lam. —Bine  barrens  of  Florida,^  Drummond, 
Chapman,  Torrey  jide  Leggett. 
§  2.    Lechidium,  Torr.  «fe  Gray.     Inflorescence  at  length  racemiform  and  se- 

cund  (pedicels  distant  from  the  bracts)  :    placentae  firm  and  thick,  at  length  crus- 

taceous,  plane,  in  dehiscence  bearing  on  their  back  the  firm  dissepiments,  which 

separate  from  the  valves:   apparently  no  radical  depressed  leafy  branches.  —  Fl. 

i.  154.     Lechidium,  Spach  in  Hook.  Comp.  Bot.  Mag.  ii.  286. 

L.  Drummondii,  Torr.  &  Gray,  a  span  to  a  foot  high,  with  many  slender  stems  from  a 
somewhat  li<,Micscent  base  (or  root  possibly  lignescent-annual),  cinereous-puberulent,  diffusely 
branched  :  Feaves  all  very  narrow-  or  filiform-linear,  the  larger  half  inch  long  :  fructiferous 
pedicels  slender,  spreading  or  decurved  :  calyx  and  enclosed  capsule  globose. —  Fl.  i.  154; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  206,  t.  89 ;  not  Spach.  Lechidium  Drummondii,  Spach  in  Ilook.  Comp.  Bot. 
Mag.'ii.  287,  &  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  vi.  372.  Linum  San  Sabeanum,  Buckley,  Proc.  Acad. 
Philad.  1861,  450.  — Sandy  woods,  Texas,  Berlandier,  Drummond,  Wright,  Hall,  Reverchon. 
Reported  from  Kansas  by  Dr.  Oyster. 


Order  XIV.    VIOLACE^. 

By  a.  Gray. 

Herbs  (except  in  the  tropics),  with  watery  juice,  somewhat  acrid,  alternate 
(rarely  opposite)  and  simple  stipulate  leaves,  and  axillary  inflorescence.  Flowers 
hermaphrodite,  irregular  but  symmetrical  and  5-merous  throughout,  except  that 
the  carpels  of  the  one-celled  pistil  are  three  instead  of  five.  Sepals  nearly  alike, 
and  persistent.  Petals  imbricated  in  the  bud  and  the  lower  one  different  from  the 
others.  Stamens  5,  with  very  short  filaments  or  none,  but  broad  connectives  at 
top  projecting  beyond  the  adnate-introrse  two-celled  connivent  or  connate  anthers. 
A  single  more  or  less  club-shaped  style  and  a  single  stigma.  The  three  few-many- 
ovulate  placentae  of  the  ovary  parietal.  Fruit  a  3-valved  capsule,  with  valves 
placentiferous  in  the  middle.  Seeds  rather  large,  firm-coated,  anatropous,  having 
a  large  and  straight  embryo  with  broad  and  flat  cotyledons  nearly  the  length  of 
the  fleshy  albumen.     Valves  of  the  capsule  in  drying  after  dehiscence  condnpli- 

1  Eastward  to  Martha's  Vineyard,  ace.  to  Britton,  1.  c.  248. 

•2  T..  '^r.ntK  rv,vni;nn    ^fplHrhnrnp.  and  S.  Virninia,  ace.  to  A.  A.  Heller,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxi.23. 


Viola.  VIOLACK.E  105 

catvly  infolding,  the  gradually  iiKTc-asing  pres.-u,.:  ,.t  ,. n-i.i  ju-.j.-,  inr-  liu-  hard- 
coated  seeds.  ({.)urs  all  have  decidedly  irregular  flowers :  Sauvayesiucea:  we 
exclude.) 

#  Sepals  pro.lucoti  at  ba.se  beyond  the  iusertion  into  auricles. 

1.  VIOLA.  Lower  petal  produced  at  ba.se  into  a  nectariferous  .spur  or  deep  sac;  tin-  others 
of  about  e(|ual  length.  Filainent.s  very  .short  or  uone  antliers  connivuiit  but  disiimt,  at 
most  liglitly  eolierent,  the  two  anterior  eaili  with  a  (b)r«al  apjjendage  or  spur  jjrojecting  into 
the  sac  or  spur  of  the  lower  petal.  Stylo  often  tie.xuou.s  below,  enlarged  ujjward ;  stigma 
various.  Cap.snlp  ovoif4,  crustaceoua  or  coriact'ous :  valves  several-s(!eilod.  Se<'<ls  olmvoid 
or  globular,  smooth.  Scape  or  peduiyle  1 -flowered,  2-bracteolate.  Also  some  cloisUfga- 
nious  flowers,  more  fertile  than  the  normal. 

*  *  Sepals  not  auriculate  or  ap])endaged  at  ba.se  :  caj)sule,  seeds,  &c.  nearly  of  IVo/a ;  stylo 
a?  in  most  Violets  elulv-shaped,  the  apex  abruptly  antrorse  and  U-ak-like,  tijiped  with  the 
small  stigma. 

2.  SOLEA.  Sepals  linear  and  equal.  Petals  nearly  equal  in  length,  connivent  almost  to 
tip,  lower  one  much  larger,  saccate  at  base,  emarginate  at  tiio  broad  ajic.x.  Stamens  with 
extremely  short  filaments  and  broad  connectives  wholly  connate  into  an  ovoid  .sac,  open  only 
between  the  free  tips,  a  rounded  or  2-lobed  scale-like  gland  adnata  to  the  base  anteriorly. 

3.  lONIDIUM.  Sepals  somewhat  ecjual,  or  the  posterior  smaller.  Petals  very  unequal ;  two 
upper  shorter ;  lower  longest  and  largest,  concave  or  slightly  saccate  at  base,  contracted  in 
the  middle.  Stamens  with  distinct  filaments  or  hardly  any,  the  two  anterior  with  a  scale- 
like gland  or  sometimes  a  spur  at  ba.se;    the  connective  liroad  and  merely  connivent. 

1.  ViOLA,  Toiirn.  Violet.  (Clas.sical  Latin  name,  digammated  form  of 
the  Greek  lov.)  —  Widely  diffused  genu.s,  chiefly  of  low  herbs,  mostly  of  temper- 
ate regions  and  the  northern  hemisphere ;  flowering  in  spring  and  early  suuinier 
(but  autumnal  flowers  of  the  conspicuous  sort  by  no  means  infrequent),  most  of 
our  species  inodorous  or  faintly  sweet-scented.  Cleistogamous  flowers,  of  greater 
fertility,  produced  by  most  species  after  the  normal  flowering.  Leaves  involute 
in  the  bud,  in  several  caulescent  species  puncticulate  with  brownish  dots  at 
maturity.  —  Inst.  411),  t.  236;  L.  Gen.  no.  079;   Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  18.'),  t.  80. 

§  1.  Perennials:  stipules  never  emulating  the  blade  of  the  leaf;  radical  or 
lower  ones  more  or  less  scarious :  two  upper  petals  turned  backward  and  lateral 
ones  forward  toward  the  lower  or  merely  spreading. 

♦  Strictly  acaulescent ;  the  (dissected)  leaves  and  scapes  all  directly  from  a  thick  and  short 
erect  and  proliferous  branched  fleshy  caudex,  not  at  all  stolonifcmus :  corolla  sjiccato- 
spurred,  beardless,  not  yellow:  gibbous-clav.ate  style  bearing  a  rather  large  antrorse- 
terminal  beakless  .stigma  and  beardless. 

V.  pedata,  I-.  Tuberous  caudex  often  an  inch  wide  and  not  longer:  glabrous  or  mosrlv 
so;  haves  i>r(Iately  9-12-parted,  or  3-divided  and  the  lateral  divisions  .■J-4-paricd,  the  lol»os. 
&c.,  from  linear  to  spatulate,  some  2-.3-dent.ate  at  apex  :  petals  half  to  three  fourths  inch 
long,  spatulate-obovate,  light  violet,  or  deeper,  occasionally  variegated,  or  a.s  in  all  thejio 
species  varying  to  white,  olwcurely  or  not  at  all  line:itp  toward  ba.se.  —  Spec.  ii.  D.'l.T  ;  Curtis, 
Hot.  Mag.  t.  89;  Audr.  Rot.  R.-p'.  t.  1.5.3;  Sweet,  Brit.  Kl.  (^.ard.  t.  CO;  Torr.  &  IJray.  Fl.  i. 
136;  Meehan,  Native  Flowers,  ser.  1,  i.  t.  26. -^  Sandy  .soil.  New  Fngland  near  the  coxst  t*.. 
W.  Florida,  W.  Louisiana,  Indian  Territory,  and  nt»rtlnvest  to  Minnesota. 

Var.  bicolor,  Pirsh.  Two  u])i>er  petals  dark  violet.|)urple  .as  if  velvety,  in  the 
manner  of  Pansy.  —  Pursh,7/f/»'  Kaf.  in  DC.  Pn«dr.  i.  '."Jl  ;  ("Iray,  Man.  p<I.  ."i,  79.  V.  ftdnia, 
var.  (itrupuriiiifr,,,  IK'.  Prodr.  i.  2!»1.  V.  ^finMli/nli,,,  I.odd.  Hot.  Tab.  t  777.  pale  lateral 
]»etals  spreading.  I',  pedata,  var.  ftaUllnta,  Don  in  Sweet,  Hril.  Fl.  (Jani.  s<t.  2,  t.  247, 
figured  and  lie.scribed  as  having  lateral  petals  rccurvcd-.ascending  with  the  two  np|)or  !  — 
Sparingly  with  the  type  in  the  Eastern  .States,  but  abund.ant  on  hhales  in  .MaryLind  ami 
District  of  Columbia. 


196  VIOLACE.E.  '  Viola. 

*  *  Strictly  acaulescent ;  the  leaves  aiul  scapes  dTrectly  from  rootstoeks  (or  rarely  from 
runners) :  gibbous-davate  style  with  inflexed  or  truncate  and  beardless  summit  and  an 
antrorsely  beaked  or  short-pointed  small  proper  stigma. 

+-  Rootstoeks  thick  and  comparatively  short,  ascending  or  little  creeping,  never  filiform  or 
producing  runners  or  stolons,  commonly  scaly-toothed  or  knobby  by  persistent  tliickoncd 
bases  of  petioles:  corolla  only  saccate-spurred,  blue  or  violet-purple  with  occasional 
white  varieties;  lateral  and  sometimes  other  petals  bearded  toward  base.  Species  or 
forms  widely  different  in  extremes  as  to  foliage,  but  running  together :  cleistogamous 
flower*  abundant  and  short-peduucled,  close  to  the  ground. 

V.  pedatifida,  Boy.  Mostly  puberulent :  leaves  imitating  those  of  the  preceding  species, 
all  pedately  dissected  or  flabellately  multifid  into  linear  divisions  or  lobes:  flowers  smaller 
and  more  blue  than  in  V.  pedala,  just  as  in  the  following.  —  Syst.  i.  320.  V.  pinnata, 
Richards,  in  Franklin  1st  Journ.  ed.  1,  App.  734  (reprint,  p.  6),  not  L.  which  has  longer 
and  narrower  spur.  V.  yedatn,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  74,  mainly  (excl.  syn.) ;  Macoun,  Cat. 
Cauad.  PI.  63.  V.  deli>fimifulia,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  136 ;  Gray,  Man.  cd.  5,  78.  — 
Prairies,  Saskatchewan  to  Illinois,  Colorado,  and  New  Mexico.  Occasional  similar  speci- 
mens occur  in  New  England. 

V.  palmata,  h.  From  glabrous  to  villous-pubescent :  earlier  leaves  roundish-cordate  or 
reniform  and  merely  creuate  ;  later  ones  or  some  of  them  very  various,  palmately  or  pedately 
or  hastately  (or  even  subpinnately)  lobed  or  cleft  or  parted,  the  divisions  or  lobes  from 
oborate  to  "linear.  — Spec.  ii.  933' (Gronov.  Virg.  182;  Pluk.  Mant.  187,  &  Aim.  t.  447, 
f.  9) ;  Walt.  Car.  218 ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  535  ;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  151  (including  all  the  forms) ; 
Reichenb.  Ic.  PI.  Crit.  i.  37,  t.  41,  42  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  137.  V.  cuculluta,  var.  jmlmata, 
Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,  43  ;  Willis,  Cat.  PL  N.  J.  8.  V.  ranunculifolia,  Juss.  in  Poir.  Diet.  viii. 
626.  V.  digitntn,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  171,  form  with  much  dissected  leaves,  answering  to  V.  sep- 
temIoba.,l.G  Coute,  from  whom  he  had  it.  V.  heterophylla  (Muhl.  Cat.),  palmata,  congener 
{triloba,  Schwein.),  &  septemloba,  Le  Conte,  Aun.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  139-141,  &c.  V.  edulis,  Spach, 
Hist.  Veg.  V.  508,  superfluous  name.  —  Moist  or  dryish  ground.  Nova  Scotia  and  Canada  to 
Florida  and  Texas,  in  rich  or  wet  soil  disposed  to  produce  only  undivided  leaves,  i.  c.  to 
become 

Var.  CUCUllata,  Gray.  Leaves  all  without  division,  variously  rounded-cordate  or 
reniform,  or  hastate-reiiiform,  &c.,  the  basal  sides,  especially  in  the  later  and  enlarging 
leaves  cucullate-involute.  —  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  254.  V.  obliqua,  Hill,  Hort.  Kew.  316,  t.  12;  Ait. 
Kew.  iii.  288  (pale-flowered  form) ;  not  Pursh.  V.  cucullata,  Ait.  1.  c. ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  1795;  Don  in  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  ser.  2,  t.  298  ;  &  of  authors  generally.  V.  sororia, 
Willd.  Enum.  263,  &  Hort.  Berol.  t.  72;  Reichenb.  1.  c.  39,  t.  44,  f.  94.  V.  papilionacea, 
Pursh,  Fl.  i.  173.  V.  aaarifolia,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  732,  late  and  large-leaved  state.  V.  cordata 
&  V.  villosa,^  Walt.  1.  c.  219  (F.  Cordifolia,  Schwein.  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  v.  62,  and  V.  villosa, 
var.  cordifolia,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  148)  are  mainly  vernal  forms  of  drier  or  more  sterile  ground, 
and  apt  later  to  produce  lobed  leaves.  T'.  affinis,  &  V.  congener,  Schwein.  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  v. 
138,  140.  V.  cucullata,  affinis,  &  asarifolia,  Le  Conte,  1.  c.  137-141.  V.  .cucullata,  var. 
striata,  Wfllis,  1.  c,  a  form  with  pale  petals  and  darker  stripes.  White  or  variegated  flowers 
not  uncommon.  —  Same  range,  and  extending  to  mountains  westward,  from  Brit.  Columbia 
to  j^^rizona.  Most  polymorphous ;  any  of  the  forms  may  present  some  lobed  or  cleft  leaves ; 
but  these  are  common  in  sterile  soil. 

V.  sagittata,  Ait.  From  villous  to  glabrous:  leaves  from  oblong-ovate  or  cordate-oblong 
to  lanceolate,  often  with  hastate  (rather  than  sagittate)  or  subcuneate  base;  eariier  with 
short  .111(1  margined  petioles  and  crenulate  or  almost  entire;  later  longer-petioled  and 
often  hastfately  iaciniate-lobulate  at  base :  flowers  comparatively  large  and  bright  violet-blue. 

1  These  forms  appear  sufficiently  noteworthy  to  receive  varietal  distinction  as  follows:  Var. 
vrLL6sA,  Robinson,  n.  var.  Leaves  smaller,  prostrate  or  nearly  so,  neither  cucullate  nor  (with  rare 
excep>tions)  lobed,  either  villous-pubescent  and  somewhat  silvery  ( V.  villosa,  Walt.)  or  green  and 
nearly  glabrous  ( F.  cordata,  Walt.).  -With  the  other  varieties  and  intergradiiig  witli  both  the  lobed 
and  cucullate  forui.s,  yet  generally  distinguishable  in  .sterile  soil  of  the  Southeni  Atlantic  States.  The 
contour  of  the  leaf,  varying  upon  Ibe  .'iume  imlividual  from  veuiforni  to  ovate  and  acute,  forms  no 
.satisfactory  distinction. 


Viola.  VlOLACKiE.  IVT 

—  Kew.  iii.  287  ;  I'ursh,  1.  c.  172  ;  Keicheiib.  1.  c.  38,  t.  42,  f.  88  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  158; 
Loild.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1471 ;  Gray,  Man.  45,  &  Gen.  111.  i.  186,  t.  80;  Meehan,  .\a».  Flowers, 
ser.  1,  i.  t.  33;  Sprague  &  Gouilalo,  Wild  Flowers,  t.  9.  V.  pruniili/olm,  I'undi,  Fl.  i.  173. 
V.  dentatu,  I'ursh,  Fl.  i.  172;  Lodd.  1.  c.  t.  1485.  V.  cilluta,  Muhl.  Cat.  26.  \'.  oriKa,  Nutt. 
Geii.  i.  148;  Bi^el.  Fl.  Host.  ed.  2,  96.  ['.Jimbriatulti,  Smith  in  liees,  Cycl.  x.x.xviii.  1'. 
Allcghaniensis,  Kd-m.  &  Scluilt.  Syst.  v.  360.  I',  sdi/ittalu,  oruUt,  &  tjii'injitutlu,  Le  Coute, 
1.  c.  142-143.'  — Gravelly  and  sandy  moist  or  nearly  dry  f;round,  Nova  Scotia  and  Cauada 
to  Florida,  Texas,  and  Minnesota.     Some  forms  pass  into  V.  pulmuta. 

H—  -»—  Rootstocks  thickish  and  creeping,  commonly  sending  off  leafy  and  ttorifcrous  stolons  or 

runners  above  ground  :  corolla  blue  or  violet,  with  white  varieties  ;  lateral  jietals  usually 

bearded ;  spur  short  and  saccate :  leaves  round-cordate  and  merely  crenulate. 

V.  Langsdorffii,  Fischek.     A  span  or  two  liigii :  radical  jietioles  often  6  or  8  inches  long  ; 

stdloniferous    slioots  wiien  present   short  and  ascending,   becoming  2-3-leaved  floriferous 

stems  witli  rather  large  stipules:  flower  large,  three  fourths  to  full  inch  long;  thick  sacaate 

spur  a.«  broad  as  long.  —  DC.  Prodr.  i.  296;    Hook.  Fl.  lior.-Am.  i.  77;  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i. 

250;  Maxim.  Diag.  PI.  Nov.  Asiat.  i.  741.     V.  mirabilis,  var.  Lnniisdorffii,  Regel,  Bull.  Soc. 

Nat.  Mosc.  XXXV.  240,  t.  6,  f.  24-29,  but  broad  spur  and  scaly  rocjtstock  unlike  V.  mirabilis. 

—  Arctic  Alaska  and  Islands  to  Brit.  Columbia."^ 

V.  odokAta,  L.  (Sweet  Violiot.)  More  or  less  pubescent,  proliferous  by  long  itolons: 
stipules  glandular ;  flowers  fragrant.  —  Spec.  ii.  934.  —  Escaped  from  cultivation  in  various 
placed.     (Sparingly  nat.  from  Eu.) 

+_  ^—  ^—  Rootstocks  long  and  filiform  (not  thickened  nor  scaly  except  somewhat  at  ba.se 
of  older  flowering  plants),  extensively  creeping  underground  :  plants  low  or  small. 
++  Corolla  blue  or  purple. 

V.  Selkirkii,  VvKSU,jidi'  Goldie.  Leaves  from  rounded-  to  ovate-<-ordate  and  witli  deep 
narrow  sinus,  serrate,  commonly  acutish  (at  fir.-<t  half  inch,  in  age  inch  or  two  long),  ujiper 
face  hirsute-pubescent :  sepals  acute  or  acuminate  ;  petals  beardle.«s,  violet-blue,  3  or  4  lines 
long,  little  longer  than  the  stout  and  very  blunt  eylin<lraceous  spur. —  Edinb.  Phil.  .Jour.  vi. 
324  (1822);  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  75;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  137 ;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5.  78 ; 
Franch.  &  Savat.  Enum.  PI.  Jap.  i.  41,  &  ii.  284 ;  Maxim.  1.  c.  730.  F'.  Kamtschatica,  Ging. 
Linna;a,  i.  406  (1826);  Regel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  x.xxv.  227,  t.  6,  f.  7-15.  V.umhrosn, 
Fries,  Novit.  271  (1828),  &c.  V.  borealis,  Weinm.  Liunaa,  x.  66. —  Damp  woods.  New 
Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia  to  mnuntaius  of  Massachu.setts  and  Pennsylvania,  l'pi)er  Michi- 
giin,  Minnesota,  and  northward.     (N.  Eu.  to  Kamtsch.,  &c.) 

V.  pallistris,  L.      Wholly  glabrous:    leaves  reuiform-cordate,  with  rounded  suniinir  and 

open  sinus,  crenulate   (mostly  an  inch  and  in  age  often  2  inches  broad):    sejials  ovate, 

obtuse :  petals  liglit  blue  or  lilac  (rarely  white  or  nearly  -so),  all  nearly  beardless,  3  or  4  lines 

long;  spur  short  and  saccate.  —  Spec  ii.  934;  Fl.  Dan.  83;  Reichenb.  lo.  Fl.  Germ.  iii.  t.  2; 

Ging.  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  294  (exel.  var.  Painsi/lranica,  which,  unless  from  White  Mountains, 

must  be  a  small  form  of  T.  rHf «//«/(/,  under  which  name  Bigelow  sent  it);   Torr.  &  Gray, 

Fl.  i.  139 ;    Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  404 ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exj*.  34.     V.  epipnila, 

Ledeb.,  is  prol)ably  a  variety  of  this.  —  Damp  and  shady  ground,  Labrador  and  alpine  region 

of  mountains  of  New  England  to  Saskatchewan,  and  northward  ;    higher  Rocky  Mountains 

in  Colorado,  and  north  to  those  of  Wa.shington  and  to  arctic  Alaska.     (Eu.,  N.  Asia) 

++   ++   (\irolla  always  white,  mostly  with  brown-]iurpk'  lines  on  lower  or  alio  tin  lateral 

petals,  or  lower  purjile-tinged ;    lateral  ones  bearded  or  beanlless  in  the  same  siK-cies; 

spur  short  and  saccate  :  stigma  a.s  if  trimcate  and  nuirgiiieii  and  antrorsely  short-jjointed. 

The  three  si)ecies  seemingly  run  together. 

=   Leaves  round-cordate  or  reniform,  ■)n  .slender  niarginless  puliolcs 

1  The  recently  iniblisliod  V.  sngitlatu,  var.  Hicksii,  C.  L.  Pull 
cent  ovate-oblong  cordate  unlobed  leaves,  is  one  of  several  freely  ; 
fruiting  pctluncles  "  and  distinctly  niottlid  seeds  are  not  infrcfpi. 
foliafie. 

2  South wanl  apparently  to  Oregon  (Ilowtll,  nos.  631,  14S9),  where  the  rootsU>ck  is  mor«s  elon- 
gated anil  slender. 


198  VlOLACEiE. 

V.  blanda,  Willd.  Commonly  glabrous  or  uearly  so,  and  with  only  subterranean  filiform 
roolstocks;  leaves  thin,  creuulate,  from  ovate-cordate  to  round-reniform,  at  blossoming  from 
hair  inch  to  inch  and  a  half  long :  scapes  1  to  3  inches  high :  flowers  faintly  sweet-scouted  : 
sepals  from  oblong-  to  almost  ovate-lanceolate :  petals  3  or  4  lines  long,  usually  all  beard- 
less; lower  one  usually  conspicuously  dark-veiny.  —  Hort.  Berol.  t.  24;  Pursh,  ¥\.  i.  172; 
Reichenb.  Ic.  PI.  Crit.  i.  43,  t.  51,  f.  104 ;  Le  Conte,  1.  c.  144;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  77  ;  Sprague 
&  Goodale,  Wild  Flowers,  t.  21.'  —  Low  or  wet  and  mostly  open  grounds,  common  from 
Ne^vfoundlanQ  to  N.  Carolina  north  and  west  to  Mackenzie  River,  lat.  66°,  Brit.  Columbia, 
and  mountains  of  California. 

Vax.  palustriformis,  Gray.  Larger  form,  growing  in  shady  and  mossy  ground  or 
leaf-mould,  where  it  is  freely  stoloniferous :  leaves  comparatively  large,  their  upper  face 
commonly  and  s])arscly  'irsu'^'ilous  in  the  manner  of  V.  Selkirkii,  but  less  so:  flowers 
rather  larger;  the  petals  usually  5  lines  long;  lower  one  less  striate-veiny  and  lateral 
oftener  bearded:  scapes  and  tip  of  spur  usually  reddish  or  pur])lisli.  —  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  25."). 
V.  obliqua,  Pursh,  1.  c,  not  Hill.  V.  dondestina,  Pursh,  1.  c.  173,  according  to  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  139,  but  probably  not  so,  although  this  is  freely  cleistogamous.  V.  avutna, 
Le  Conte,  1.  c.  144.  V.  palustris  (Hook.  f.  Arct.  PL),  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  34.2  — Canada 
to  Delaware,  and  in  Rocky.Mountains,  &c. :  passes  into  the  type,  resembles  1^.  palustris  (with 
which  Hooker  would  unite  the  whole),  but  has  white  coroUa,  narrower  and  acute  or  acutish 

.   sepals,  &c. 

Var.  renifolia,  Gray,  1.  c.  Frofti  slightly  to  strongly  pubescent  with  soft  and 
s]jrcarting  multicellular  hairs ;  but  upper  face  of  reniform  leaves  mostly  quite  glabrous : 
sepals  lanceolate:  petals  usually  beardless. —  V.  renifolia,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  288. 
—  Wet  mossy  woods  and  swamps,  Nova  Scotia  to  the  country  north  of  Lake  Superior, 
Minnesota,  and  south  to  Massachusetts,  W.  New  York,  &c. 

=  =  Leaves  from  linear  to  spatulate  or  ovate  or  subcordate,  the  base  decurrent  into  a 
margined  petiole :  sometimes  leafy  along  (chiefly  subterranean)  summer  stolons. 

V.  primulaefolia,  L.  Glabrous  or  pubescent :  leaves  from  deltoid-ovate  or  subcordate  and 
acute  to  ovate  or  oblong  with  either  obtuse  or  tapering  base :  flowers  of  the  preceding : 
lateral  petals  oftener  bearded.  —  Spec  ii.  934;  Le  Conte,  1.  c.  145;  Reichenb.  1.  c.  t.  45,  f. 
96  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  139.  V.  acuta,  Bigel.  Fl.  Bost.  ed.  2,  95.  — Damp  or  almost  dry  soil. 
Lower  Canada  and  New  Brunswick  to  Florida  and  Louisiana,  especially  toward  the  coast.* 
Varies  nearly  to  ])receding  and  to  following. 

Var.  OCCidentalis,  Grat,  1.  c.  Glabrous  form,  with  oblong-ovate  or  s])atulate- 
oblong  leaves,  all  narrowed  at  base,  apparently  quite  like  eastern  plants,  was  coll.  at  Waldo, 
S.  W.  Oregon,  by  Howell. 

V.  lanceolata,  L.  Glabrous :  leaves  from  broadly  lanceolate  or  some  earliest  oldong-spat- 
ul;ite  to  linear  or  nearly  so,  attenuate  at  ba.se,  callous-denticulate  :  jjetals  beardless ;  lower 
one  often  much  colored.  —  Linn.  1.  c.  (excl.  pi.  Sibir.) ;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  150;  Pursh,  1.  c.  172; 
Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  211 ;  Reichenb.  1.  c.  t.  52,  f.  106;  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Card.  t.  174;  Gray, 
Man.  ed.  5,  77.  V.  attennata.  Sweet,  Hort.  Brit.  37.*  —  Low  and  grassy  ground.  Nova  Scotia, 
to  L.  Superior,  and  south  to  Florida  and  Texas. 

++++++   Corolla  yellow:    otherwise  nearly  of  last  preceding  section,  but  adult  leaves 
much  more  accrescent. 

V.  rotundifolia,  Micnx.  Minutely  pubescent  when  young,  glabrate:  leaves  round-ovate 
and  cordate  with  narrow  or  overlapped  sinus,  repand-crenulate,  in  flower  seldom  over  inch 
long,  becoming  in  summer  3  to  5  inches  in  diameter  and  flat  on  the  ground,  then  lucid : 
ba.?e  of  some  or  all  the  petals  lineate  or  sometimes  tinged  with  brown-purple  ;  lateral  ones 
usually  bearded.  — Fl.  ii.  150;    DC.  Prodr.  i.  295 ;    Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  138;    Reichenb.  Ic. 

1  The  recently  published  V.  Macloskeyi,  F.  E.  Lloyd,  Erythua,  iii.  74,  is  witli  little  dou>>t  a  foim 
of  this  species.  Here  as  elsewhere  in  the  genus  small  weak  plants  are  apt  to  produce  reduced  flowers 
(with  tliin  greenish  or  colorless  petals),  transitions  from  the  cleistogamous  ones('0- 

2  Add  syn.  V.  blanda,  var.  nmana,  Britt.  Stems  &  Poggeub.  Torr.  Club,  Prelim.  Cat.  N.  Y.  6. 
8  Also  reported  as  far  inland  as  Minnesota,  by  Upham,  and  by  MacMillan. 

*  Add  syn.  V.  parva,  A.  B.  Simouds  &  others,  Fl.  Fitchburg,  Muss.,  7,  as  to  character. 


Viola.  V10LACE.E.  199 

Bot.  Kxot.  ii.  t.  124;  Gray,  1.  c.  V.  clandtsfinn,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  173  (eleistogamoufi  BUininer 
state),  from  dcsci-.  &  habitat.  —  On  slcipes  in  cold  ami  dainj)  woods,  Nova  Scotia  aud  Lower 
Canada  to  I'enn.,'  aud  aloIlg^li^'hel•  niountaiins  to  N.  Carolina;    first  coll.  by  Michaus. 

*  *  *  Low-caulescent  oidy  Ijy  stoluuifnrni  liowcriiiL;  liranclies  or  by  aMccndin^  2-."Meaved 
stems,  slender,  almost  glabrous,  mnltiplyin-;  by  long  tiliforra  nwtstocks:  leaves  r,,mform 
or  conlate  and  only  crenulatedenticulate  :  corolla  pure  light  yellow,  with  short  saccate 
spur ;  stigma  terminal,  l)eardlcss  and  beaklcss. 

V.  saxmentosa,  Dolul.  Kootstock  thickenc<l  and  stii)nlar-scaly  under  old  flowering 
plants,  bearing  a  cluster  of  roundish-cordate  (in  age  brown-|>unctate)  leaves  and  scapes  of 
about  the  length  of  the  petioles,  later  producing  long  leafy  runners  bearing  axillary  flowers, 
stipules  browu-8carious„ ovate-subulate :  petals  about  4  lines  long;  spur  very  short  aud 
broad:  stigma  obscurely  margined. — Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  80 ;  Terr.  &  Gray, 
Fl.  i.  143.  —  Coniferous  woods,  Idaho  and  northward  to  Brit.  Columbia,  thence  south  to 
Ct)ast  Mountains  of  California ;  first  coll.  by  Dow/las. 

Var.  orbiculata,  Gray,  u.  var.  Leaves  round-reuiform,  more  lucid:  leafy  runners 
few  and  short,  iiearing  only  cleistogainous  flowers.  —  V.  orbiculata,  Gey er  in  Hook.  Loud. 
Jour.  Bot.  vi.  73.  ?  V.  rotundifolia.  Hook.  1.  c,  —  Mountains  of  Idaho  aud  Wasliington, 
Geyer,  Suksdoif. 

V.  biflora,  L.  Flowering  rarely  from  the  rootstock,  I-2-flowered  at  summit  of  si)aii  high 
2-.'Meaved  asceuding  stems :  leaves  round-reuiform  (about  inch  wide) :  stipules  of  caulino 
leaves  green,  ovate  or  oblong,  obtu.se :  saccate  spur  conical :  stigma  margined  on  two  sides. 
—  Spec.  ii.  936 ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  46 ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2089 ;  Ileiclienb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  iii.  t.  1 ,  f. 
4489;  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  404. —  liocky  Mountains  of  Colorado,  Parry, 
Hall  &  Harbour.     (Kamtsch.  and  Japan  to  Eu.) 

*  *  *  *  Subcaulescent,  first  flowering  from  the  ground,  aud  later  usually  more  caulescent 
(producing  ascending  or  erect  leaf-bearing  stems  a  span  or  two  high)  on  slender  shoots 
from  erect  or  a.scending  rootstocks,  not  stoloniforous  or  creeping:  stipules  partly  aud 
variably  adnate :  corolla  wholly  or  partly  yellow  (e.xcept  in  last  two  species)  and  with 
short-saccate  spur:  stigma  beakless,  sometimes  with  a  short  lip,  concave,  mostly  orbic- 
ular, antrorse-termiual  or  slightly  oUique  at  tiie  large  and  giblious  clav.ite  summit  of 
the  style,  bearded  below  its  margin  on  each  side  by  a  tuft,  or  sometimes  by  nearly  a  ring, 
of  stiff  and  reflexed  or  spreading  bristles.     Western  species,  one  also  cismontane. 

^—  Leaves  undivided,  round-ovate  or  subcordate  to  lanceolate :  lateral  petals  either  slightly 
bearded  or  beardless  iu  the  same  species. 

++  Ovary  and  oval  capsule  glabrous. 

V.  pedunculata,  Tour.  &  Gkay.  Barely  puberulent:  .short-caulescent  stems  commonly 
ascending  fiom  filiform  subterranean  biise  and  soon  spreading:  leaves  round-ovate  or  dilated 
sul)cordate,  mostly  repand-dentate  (.5  to  10  lines  or  at  length  inch  and  a  half  long),  com- 
paratively loug-petiuled  :  stijiules  narrow,  uppermost  often  sparingly  toothed:  flower  large, 
on  peduncle  (2  to  5  inches  long)  much  surpassing  the  leaves:  petals  half  inch  long  or  more 
deep  golden  yellow,  with  brown-pnride  lines  at  base  and  upper  ones  sometimes  particolored 
with  same:  sepals  lanceolate.  —  Fl.  i.  141  ;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  .5004;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot 
Calif,  i.  56 ;  Fl.  Serres,  xxiii.  t.  2426.  —  California,  irom  San  Francisco  Bay  to  San  Diego, 
and  nearly  to  Arizona. 

V.  Nuttallii,  Pirsii.  Villou.s-pubescent,  glabrate,  or  nearly  glabrous:  leaves  ovate  to 
oblong  lanceolate,  obtuse,  entire  or  slightly  repand-crenate  or  barely  tlenticulate,  more  or 
less  decnrrent  into  long  margined  petiole:  .stipules  narrow,  entire:  peduncles  shorter  than 
or  rarely  surpassing  the  leaves,  and  light  yellow  jietals  4  or  .')  lines  long,  or  (in  var.  major. 
Hook.)  longer  tlian  the  leaves,  and  j.etals  ii:ilf  inch  or  so  long:  .sepals  lanccolat*'  to  linear, 
acute. —  Fl.  i.  174;  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  1.51  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  79,  t.  26;  Wat.s.  Bot.  King 
Exp.  35,  excl.  var. ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  57  V.  pnvmorsa.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i. 
80,  partlv,  as  to  pi.  Scouler ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  not  Dougl.  in  LiniU.  I'.  lin'ni<rfiJia.  Xutt. 
in  Torr."&  Gray,  1.  c— Plains  of  Kansjis.  Pr.  A.  W'aLson,  and  Colorado  to  Siuskatchewan, 
Brit.  Columbia,  and  south  to  Centr.  California. 

1  Jctrerson  Co.,  Indiana?  Hubbard,  aud  reported  from  ,Minn.s,.la  by  Upliani  and  .MacMillan. 


200  V10LACE.E.  Viola. 

++  +^  ()^  ary  aud  globular  capsule  pubescent. 
V  prsemorsa,  DoLGL.  rubtnilciit  or  cinereous-pubesceut,  sometimes  glabrate  :  taudex 
either  short  ami  rather  stout,  or  louger  aud  slender :  leaves  ovate  or  subcordate  to  obloug- 
lanceolate,  or  some  even  linear-lauceolate,  from  undulate  or  obtusely  serrate  to  irregularly 
dentate  (blade  lialf  inch  to  inch  or  more  long)  :  njjper  stipules  lanceolate,  mostly  laciniate  : 
peduncles  usually  much  surpassing  the  leaves :  sepals  lanceolate  or  linear,  acute :  petals 
from  a  thinl  to  half  inch  long,  bright  yellow,  or  brownish-tinged  outside,  sometimes  two 
upi.cr  purple-brown.  —  Dougl.  in  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1254;  Hook.  ¥1  Bor.-Am.  i.  80,  as  to 
pi.  Dougl.  r.  imimorsa  (small  form),  &  V.  NuttalUi,  Bcnth.  PI.  llartw.  298.  V.  NutUilli,, 
var  iJnuHorsa,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  35.  V.  aurea,  Kellogg,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  185, 
t.  54;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  56.  V.  Brooksii,  Kellogg.i  Calif.  Horticulturist,  ix.  281.— 
Gravelly  or  sandy  soil,  S.  W.  Idaho  and  Washington  to  W.  Nevada  -^  and  S.  (aud  Lower) 
California,  extending  to  the  higher  mountains;  in  very  variable  forms. 

Var.  venosa,  Grav,  n.  var.  (  V.  Nuttalln,  yar.  venosa,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  35,  V.  ouren, 
var.  venosa,  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  5G,  aud  V.  jmrpurea,  Kellogg,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 
i.  56)  is  a  depressed  or  reduced  form  of  the  higher  aud  drier  Cascade  Mountains  and  Sierras, 
commonly  with  laciuiate-deutate  aud  more  veiny  (often  purple-veined)  leaves. 
■1-  -(-  Leaves  dissected :  mainly  subcaulescent ;  the  cluster  of  slender  stems  mainly  sub- 
terranean from  a  short  aud  usually  deep  fascicled-rooted  rootstock  or  caudex :  peduncles 
therefore  scapiform,  least  so  in  the  last  species. 

++  Petals  beardless,  yellow  or  upper  merely  brownish. 
V.  chrysantha,  Hook.  Leaves  mostly  bipinuately  dissected  into  linear  lobes,  short-pubes- 
'cent  or  glal)rate :  petals  half  inch  long  or  smaller,  deep  orange-yellow,  commonly  with  some 
brt)wn-i)urple  lines,  upper  ones  often  partly  and  sometimes  largely  brown-purple.  —  Ic. 
t.  49 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  143,  671 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  58  ;  not  Schrad.,  which  is 
of  no  account.  V\  Dourjlasii,  Steud.  Nomencl.  ed.  2,  771.3— Open  and  dry  groimd,  Cali- 
fornia, from  Mendocino  Co.  to  San  Diego,  first  coll.  by  Doitf/las. 
V.  Sheltonii,  Tore.  Glabrous,  slender :  leaves  of  orbicular  outline,  palmately  3-divided, 
the  obovate-cuneate  divisions  palmately  or  pedately  3-parted  or  again  cleft  into  liucar-spatu- 
late  or  oblong-linear  obtuse  lobes :  petals  beardless,  pale  yellow,  a  third  to  nearly  half  inch 
long. —Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  67,  t.  2;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  —  Mountains  of  California  from 
Colusa  aud  Plumas  Co.*  (first  coll.  by  Mr.  Shelton)  to  S.  Oregon,  Howell,  partly  cleis- 
togamous ;  hillsides  in  White  Salmon  Valley,  Washington,  Suksdorf.  The  stigma  is  sub- 
tended liy  two  small  bearded  tufts,  as  in  the  others. 

++  •!-(•  Lateral  petals  with  a  tuft  of  beard  ;  upper  ones  deep  blue  or  violet  purjjle. 
V.  Beckwithii,  Tohu.  &  Gr.w.  Hirsutulous-pubescent,  sometimes  nearly  glabrous: 
"leaves  of  rounded  outline,  palmatelv  about  thrice  3-parted  into  linear  or  siiatulate-linear 
obtuse  (or  karelv  mucronulate)  lobes;  primary  divisions  more  or  less  petiolulate:  petals 
nearlv  half  inch' long;  lateral  and  lower  ones  light  blue  or  bluish  or  white  and  purple- 
veined,  with  merelv  vellowish  base.  — Pacif.  R.  Rep.  ii.  119.  t.  1;  Wats.  Bot.  Kmg  Exp. 
35-  Brew.  &  Wats."  Bot.  Calif,  i.  58  (in  latter  lower  petals  inadvertently  described  as  yellow). 
V.mordana,  Kellogg,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  56.  -  From  N.  W.  Nevada  (Diamond  Moun- 
tain, Beck-with)  and  adjacent  Sierra  Nevada,  California  to  Oregon. 
V.  Hallii,  Gray.  Glabrous:  leaves  of  ovate  or  oblong  and  irregular  outline,  subpinnately 
or  pedately  about  twice  parted  into  lanceolate  or  linear  obscurely  veined  or  nerved  or  vein- 
less  callous-apiculate  lobes :  stipules  variable,  upper  often  enlarged  and  foliaceous,  adnate, 
laciniate  or  entire  :  petals  stronglv  two-colored,  lateral  aud  lower  yellow  or  cream-color.  — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  377;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  57.  —  Dry  ground,  from  Salem, 
Oregon  (where  discovered  by  E.  Hall  and  later  coll.  by  Jhnrll,  &c.),  to  Humboldt  Co., 
California,  Rattan. 

1  Add  syn.  V.  pinetorum,  Greene,  Pittouia,  ii.  14.      V.  purpurea,   v:ir.  p'lnetorum,  Greene,  Fl. 
Franci-s.  243. 

2  Yellowstone  Nat.  Park,  Dewnrt. 
8  Add  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  11. 

4  Snow  Mountain,  Lake  Co.,  Calif.,  Mrs.  Krandegee,  Zoe,  iv.  171. 


Viola.  VIUJ.ACE.E.  20l 

V.  trinervata,  IIowkii,.     (iliiluous:  leaves  once  or  twice  peilatdy  or  iialiii:it<l_v  .•}-•)  parted 
or  (lividetl ;    tlie  lateral  liivisioiis  upturned  ;    all  lanceolale  or  ovate-lanceolate,  taperiu;j  to  a 
mostly  acute  callous  apex,  thickisli  and  lirui,  at  len;itli  coriaceous,  and  proiuinently  .'l-riliKed, 
lateral    ribs    intrainarfjinal :    sti])ules    small   and    entire,  free    or   nearly  so:    lower  jtetals 
"yellow":    stigma  with  a  beak  like  lip.  —  Howell  in  distr.,  it,  (under  var.  /  of  lieikuiiliii) 
15ot.  Gaz.  viii.  207,  viray, //«f/.  xi.  'I'M.      V.  t/in/saNl/iii,  \ht.  i/l(ilMrriina,'Vurr.  Hot.  Wilkes 
Exped.  238.  —  Dry  prairies  or  rocky  ground,  Washington ;    between  the  Spipen  and  the 
Columbia,  Pickirititj  &  JJrackenrulijc,  and  Klikitat  Co.,  Ilnu-cll,  iiuksJor/.^ 
*****    Caulescent ;    the  few-several-leaved  stems  erect  from  short  or  creeping  root- 
stocks,  no  stolon.s,  no  radical  flowers:    spur  of  corolla  short  and  saccate:    lateral  petals 
commonly  with  a  little    papillose   beard:    stigiini   bcakless,  more   or   less    bearded    at 
the  sides. 

•i—   Petals  yellow  :    stems  mostly  naked  at  b;x.se,  few-leaved  and   few-llowered  above,  at  least 

the  early  and  main  stems. 
++  Leaves  all  or  some  cleft  or  incised,  or  hastate,  not  round-cordate :    ])lants  glabrous  or 

pubescent,  the  simple  long  naked  stems  rarely  over  a  span  or  two  high. 

V.  lobata,  Bentii.  Leaves  very  various,  dilated-reuiform  or  flabelliform  iu  outline,  pedately 
or  (ligilately  3-9-lobed,  parted,  or  oidy  laciuiate,  the  lobes  from  linear  to  ovate:  upper 
stipules  usually  large  and  foliaceous:  petals  half  inch  or  less  in  length,  the  upper  often 
browni.sh  or  purple-tinged.  —  PI.  Hartw.  298;  Torr.  Pacif.  U.  Kep.  iv.  68;  IJrew.  &  Wats. 
Bot.  Calif,  i.  57.  T.  Sef/uoiensis,  Kellogg,  Proe.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  185,  f.  55.  —  Woods, 
sparsely  from  S.  California  to  within  the  borders  of  Oregon ;  first  coll.  by  Ilartweij,  later  by 
Bif/eloir,  &c. 

Var.  integrifolia,  Watsov,  1.  c.  Ambiguous  between  this  and  I',  (jlahelln :  leaves 
deltoid- or  rhombicovate,  often  caudate-acuminate,  only  the  radical  cordate.  —  Sierra  Co., 
California,-  and  adjacent  Nevada,  Lemmon;  Waldo,  Oregon,  IIuiccU. 

V.  hastata,  Miciix.  Commonly  glabrous,  with  slender  stem  from  a  short  and  horizontal 
fleshy  rootstock :  leaves  2  to  4,  approximate  at  summit,  lanceolate-hastate  to  deltoid  and 
subcordate,  acuminate  or  acute,  denticulate-serrate;  radical  usually  cordate-ovate:  stipules 
rather  small,  entire  or  with  few  slender  teeth  :  jjetals  <piarter  inch  or  more  long.  —  Kl.  ii. 
149;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  174;  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  150;  Torr.  &  Gray.  PI.  i.  141.' 
I',  f/ibbosa,  Kaf.  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  305.  V.  hirta,  Lewis,  iu  DC.  1.  c.  300,  pubescent  form.— 
Picli  woods,  of  the  Alleglianies  and  adjacent  lower  country,  W.  Florida  to  Penu.  and 
N.  Oliio;  first  coll.  by  Mir/,atu: 

Var.  tripartita,  (in.w.  Sometimes  villous-pubescent :  lower  leaves  3-parted  or 
3-foliolate;  divisions  or  leaflets  lanceolate  or  broader,  sessile  or  slender-petiolulate. —  Bot. 
Gaz.  xi.  291.  V.  tripartita,  Ell.  Sk.  i.  302  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  142.  —Georgia  to  N.  Carolina, 
an  aberrant  form. 

++  ++   Leaves  merely  serrate,  nearly  all  cnlatc.     Species,  along  with  the  X.  Asian  P.  i/m- 
JJora,  L.,  successively  nearly  or  ijuite  confluent. 

V.  glabella,  Nutt.  Glabrous  or  puberulent,  bright  green  :  stems  a  span  to  at  length  often 
a  foot  high  from  a  creeping  fleshy-dentate  rootstock,  mo.sily  weak:  leaves  crenulate-serrate. 
round-cordate  and  with  a  small  acumination,  or  radical  reniform  ;  uppermost  shorlpetioled  : 
stipules  small,  ovate  to  lanceolate,  thin-membranaceous  or  scarious  :  cap.<ule  (d.l>«ng,  gla- 
brous. —  Xutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  142  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  57.  Maxim.  Diag.  I'l  Nov. 
Asiat.  i.  752.  P.  Caii(ul<'nsi.'i,  var.  Sitcftfiisi.'s,  Bong.  ace.  ti>  Ledeb.  Fl.  Hoss.  i.  255.  P.  Cana- 
densis, Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  80,  as  to  pi.  N.  W.  Co.ast,  "P.  SrouUrii,  Dough";  Hong.  Vog. 
Sitch.  125.  V.  striata,  Hook.  Lend.  Jour.  Bot.  vi.  72.  not  Ait.  V.  hi  flora,  var.  .'<ilrl,fiisis, 
Hegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mo.sc.  xxxv.  253;    Pothrock,  Fl.  Ahiska.  444.  —  Woods,  Abska  ftn<I 

Islands  to  Monterey  and  MarijMisa  Co..  California,''  east  to  th rihern  Uoiky  Mountains. 

where  it  seems  to  pa.«!s  into  V.  puhpsnns.     (Japan  ) 

1  Also  N.  Yakima,  Nevius, 

2  And  inner  Coa-st  Range,  acr,  to  Greene,  Fl.  Fninci.-*.  241. 
8  Garden  and  Forest,  iv.  7<>,  f.  1<>. 

4  Valk-v  of  Kaweah,  ace.  to  Coville,  Confril..  V.  S.  Xat.  Herb.  iv.  09. 


202  VIOLACE.E.  Viola. 

V.  pubescens,  Ait.  From  soft-pubescent  or  villous  to  puberuleut :  stems  erect,  often 
rohii.st :  leaves  creuate-deutate,  mostly  obtusely  acumiuate,  rouud-cordate  or  uppermost 
broadly  deltoid-ovate,  the  larger  when  accrescent  often  3  or  4  inches  wide :  stipules  usually 
ample,  broadly  ovate  to  oblong ;  upper  ones  membranaceo-herbaceous,  commonly  serrulate : 
capsule  (often  half  inch  long),  varying  from  glabrous  to  tomentose,  and  on  same  stem  from 
oblong  to  globular.  —  Kew.  iii.  290  ;  rnrsh,  Fl.  i.  174;  Keichenb.  Ic.  PI.  Crit.  i.  45,  92,  t.  53, 
f.  Ill  ;  Le  Coute,  1.  c.  150;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  142;  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  t.  223;  Lodd. 
Bot.  Cab.  t.  1249;  .Maxim.  1.  c.  (with  V.  scabriusciila  &  eriocarpa).  V.  Pennsi/lvanica, 
Michx.  Fl.  ii.  149.  I',  pubescens  &  eriocarpa,  Schwein.  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  v.  74,  75.  V.  unifiora, 
var.  pubescens,  Kegel,  I.e.  255.— Rich  woods,  Upper  Georgia  to  New  Brunswick  and  Canada, 
Dakota,  &c.     Passes  variously  into 

Var.  scabriuscula,  Toer.  &  Gkav,  I.  c.     A  low  form,  from  minutely  or  sparsely 
pubescent  to  glabrate,  and  with  leaves  in  age  rarely  over  2  inches  wide  :  capsule  from  glol> 
ular  to  oblong.  —  Gray,  Man.  78.  — Witli  the  pubescent  form,  and  more  widely  distributed, 
extending  southwestward  to  middle  parts  of  Texas  and  to  Winnipeg.     It  were  better  named 
glabriascula  than  by  the  name  Schweinitz  gave  it  as  a  species,  as  it  is  not  at  all  scabrous. 
-J—  -t-  Petals  white  with  violet  or  purple  tinge,  and  yellow  or  yellowish  at  base  within  : 
stems  more  leafy  toward  the  base,  or  more  prolonged  by  successive  leaf-  and  flower-bearing 
increments  until  inidsummer:   stipules  small,  narrow,  entire  and  scarious  or  nearly  so: 
capsule  oval,  glabrous. 
V.  Canadensis,  L.     Glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent,  at  length  a  foot  high  from  branching 
ascending  root.stocks :  leaves   cordate  and  mostly  acuminate,  denticulate-serrate  :    petals 
usually  pale  violet  outside  and  white  within  with  yellowish  claws  and  some  purple  stripes, 
sometimes  more  suffused  with  violet,  or  later  ones  nearly  white  throughout.  —  Spec.  ii.  936 ; 
•Nlichx.  Fl.  ii.  1.^)0;  Keichenb.  Ic.  PI.  Crit.  i.  45,  t.  54,  f.  113;    Le  Conte,  1.  c.  148;    Sweet, 
Pjrit.  Fl.  Gard.  ser.  2,  t.  62 ;    Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  143.  —  Moist  woods,  Newftmndlaud  to 
Saskatchewan  and  westward,  south  to  the  mountains  of  Carolina,  along  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains to  those  of  Utah,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico  where  it  passes  into 

Var.  SCOpulorum,  Gray.  Small  in  all  its  parts,  very  low,  depressed-spreading  : 
leaves  at  flowering  time  only  3  to  8  lines  long.  — Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  291.  — Rocky  Mountains  of 
Colorado,  in  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Greene} 
V.  ocellata,  Tour.  &  Gray.  Pubescent,  slender,  a  span  or  two  high  from  somewhat  creep- 
ing rootstocks:  leaves  cordate  or  subcordate,  seldom  acuminate  or  over  an  inch  or  so  in 
length  :  upper  petals  violet  or  with  a  deep  violet  spot  on  upper  face  ;  lower  white  or  with 
some  vellow,  and  purple  veins.  — Fl.i.  142;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  56.2— Woods, 
especiallv  Redwoods,  California,  from  Mendocino  Co.^  to  Monterey  ;  first  coll.  by  Douglas. 
V.  cuneata,  Watsox.  Glabrous,  with  ascending  slender  stems  a  span  or  two  high  from 
rijrid  creeping  rootstocks :  leaves  an  iuch  or  two  long,  irregularly  crenulate  or  obtusely  den- 
tale,  radical  some  cordate,  more  dilated  rhomboid-ovate  with  cuneate  ba^e,  cauline  similar 
or  more  cuneate  :  flowers  of  the  preceding  or  all  the  petals  turning  violet-purple  and  beard- 
less.—Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  290,  &  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  433.  —  Mountain  woods,  from  Shasta  and 
Humboldt  Co.  to  S.  W.  Oregon,  Rattan,  Lemmon,  Howell. 

H(=   *   *  *  *  -*   Caulescent  from  more   or  less  creeping  rootstocks,  or  at  first  flowering 

nearly  acanlescent,  erect  or  spreading:  leaves  cordate,  merely  crenate  or  serrate :  stipules 

more' or  less  lierbaceous  :  corolla  from  bine  to  white,  with  projecting  oblong  to  cylindrical 

spur  :  style  only  moderately  thickened  upward,  naked  or  nearly  so,  no  beard  at  summit. 

-(-  Spur  of  corolla  not  very  long;  lateral  petals  usually  bearded  :   stigma  inflexed,  bearing 

a  short  scarious  beak.     (Canince.) 
++  Stipules  from  serrate  to  fimbriate-pinnatifid  or  pectinate  :   leaves  apt  to  be  brown-dotted 
in  age. 
V.  striata.  Ait.     Glabrous  or  nearly  so:  stems  3-4-angled.  in  age  usuallv  becoming  a  foot 
or  more  high  and  later  leaves  an  inch  or  two  long,  flowering  tUl  after  midsummer :  corolla 

1  Var.  scnriosa,  Porter,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  viii.  63,  appears  to  be  a  form  of  the  same,  with 
stipules  (which  are  always  thin)  somewhat  enlarged  and  more  scarious  about  the  base. 

2  Garden  and  Forest,  iv.  51,  f.  13. 

8  And  northward  to  Cow  Creek  Mts.,  Oregon,  Henderson. 


Viola.  viuLAcK.i:.  2o;i 

yellowish  white,  lower  petal  witli  Or<)wu-|jur]ile  lines;  spur  tliiik,  rather  Bhorter  thaii  the 
sepals:  capsule  ovoid. —  Kew.  iii.  L>90  ;  Will.l.  Spue.  i.  J 166;  I'urali,  Fl.  i.  174  ;  Ueicheiib. 
Ic.  11.  Crit.  i.  45,  t.  .^)4,  f.  112;  Torr.  &  (jray,  Fl.  i.  139  ;  'r..rr.  Fl.  N.  V.  i.  73.  t.  »  ;  Gruy, 
Mail.  ed.  5,  79.  T.  </</W/i-,  Miehx.  Fl.  ii.  150.  F.  u//«//o/yi,  Link,  Kiiurn.  i.  241.  W  strial'u, 
orhruleucu,  &  tepeits,  Schwein.  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  v.  76,  69,  70.  I'.  lAWisiana,  (iiug.  in  DC. 
I'rodr.  i.  298.  — Low  and  shady  grounds,  aloug  streams,  Upper  Canada  aud  New  Vork  to 
mountains  of  Georgia,  west  to  Minnesota  and  Missouri. 

V.  canina,  L.  Mostly  low  and  rather  small-leaved,  spring  flowering  and  later  cleistuga" 
mous:  corolla  blue  or  violet  (rarely  a  white  variety)  :  petals  inconsjiicuously  lincate  :  npur 
cvlindraceous,  from  a  third  to  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  petals:  capsule  ovoid- 
oblong. —  Spec.  ii.  935.  —  A  collective  species  or  assemblage  (Ku.  &  N.  Asia),  of  which  the 
N.  American  forms  may  a.-*  well  be  ranked  as  sjiecial  varieties. 

Var.  Muhlenbergii,  Tuautv.  (jlai)rous  or  nearly  so,  ascending  or  erect  from  short 
root  stocks,  a  span  or  more  high,  often  with  some  decumbent  radical  stems  which  mav  elon- 
gate into  leafy  runners  in  summer :  lower  leaves  round-reniform  and  upper  rouii<I-cordate,  half 
inch  to  inch  long,  crcnulate  :  petals  a  third  to  at  most  half  inch  long,  light  violet,  o<'casiou- 
ally  white. —  Act.  Hort.  Petrop.  v.  28;  Gray,  Hot.  Gaz.  xi.  292.  V.  Mu/Jenbcn/ii,  Torr.  Fl. 
\."&  Midd.  States,  256  (1824);  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  140.  T.  MuhUnhfvjiana,  Ging.  in  DC. 
I'rodr.  i.  297  ;  Le  Conte,  1.  c.  148  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  78,  with  var.  viiiior,  a  small  fcirm,  of 
which  the  extreme  is  of  same  name  by  Lange,  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2710,  in  Greenland.  1*.  tis<,rij'fiii<i 
(uliji)ws(i),  Muhl.  Cat.  20,  not  Pursh.  '  V.  ilebilis,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  174;  Bigel.  Fl.  Bost.  ed.  2,  97, 
not  Michx. ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1378.  V.  Lubrutlon'ca,  Schrank,  Kegeusb.  Donskr.  Hot. 
Gcsell.  i.  pt.  2,  12 ;  DC.  1.  c.  306.  V.  punctata,  Schwcin.  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  v.  67  ;  DC.  1.  c  305. 
V.  conspersa,  Keicheiib.  Ic.  PI.  Crit.  i.  44,  t.  52,  f.  108.  l".  caniiui,  Mit.sylfestn's,  Kegel.  Hull. 
Soc.  Xat.  iMosc.  xxxv.  245,  partly  ;  Gray,  Mau.  ed.  5,  79  ;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  82.  —  Low  and 
shady  or  wet  grounds,  mountains  of  N.  Carolina  and  in  low  country  of  Penu.  to  Minnes<jta, 
L.  Superior  (where  a,  summer  form  iu  loose  sand  on  the  beach  imitates  the  Kiiropeau 
r.  areuaria,  coll.  En(ichiutnn),  northward,  aud  northeastward  to  Labrador  and  G.eenland. 
Jlore  like  V.  si/lve'stiix  than  any  other  Old  World  form. 

Var.*  puberula,  W.\t.son.  F^iuely  puberulent  thi'oughout:  leaves  ovate,  shallowly  or 
often  not  at  all  cordate,  mostly  small  in  size :  flowers  also  small.  —  Wats,  iu  Gray,  Man.  eti.  6, 
81.  I',  si/lvestn's,  var.  puberula,  Sheldon,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Minn.  ix.  17.  —  Dry  grouml, 
mostly  rocky  or  sandy  soil,  Maine  to  Lake  Superior,  aud  adjacent  Canada,  and  westward 
even  to  Washington  and  Oregon. 

Var.  multicaulis,  Gkay.  More  depressed  and  stoloniferous,  beginning  t"  ■ 
from  radical  rosettes,  soon  producing  prostrate  leafy  cleistogamous  flowering  1  • 
lea\  cs  mostly  suborbicular,  cordate  or  reniform,  small :  stipules  commonly  browuisii .-  ...  .■  .,- 
and  strongly  ])ectinate-laciniate.  —  Bot.  (Jaz.  xi.  292.  K  canina,  Walt.  Car.  219.  1'.  radi- 
rnns,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  297.  V.  repenx,  Schwein.  I.e.  69.  V.  Mnldenbenpi,  var.  multicaulis, Torr. 
&.  Gray,  1.  c.  140.'  —  Rocky  or  sandy  ground,  Kentucky  to  Florid.a,  Louisiana,  and  Tex.x<;  fl. 
Feb.  to  April,  and  later  cleistogamous  on  the  runners. 

Var.  adunca,  Gijay.  Nearly  glabrous,  multicipital  and  mostly  very  short-stemmed 
from  more  indurated  rootstocks:  leaves  from  ov.ate-orbicular  to  oblong-ovate,  barely  sulv 
cordate,  rarely  lower  ones  more  deeply  conl.ite  :  petals  from  half  down  to  (|uartcr  inch  long  ; 
spur  commonly  almost  as  long  as  the  petals,  either  a  little  curved  or  hooked  or  straight. — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  377;  Brew.  &  VV.its.  But.  Calif,  i.  55.  with  var.  lonrjipes.  V.  .Muhhn- 
bertfii,  var.  pubcscrns,  passing  to  V.  ntlunci.  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2.  xxxiii.  404. 
I',  adunca.  Smith  iu  liees,  Cyd.  xxxviii.  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor-Am.  i.  79;  Torr.  &  Gray.  1.  c.  141. 
V.  loDf/ipes,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  140;  Bonth.  PI.  Hartw.  298.  form  with  long  p<>dun- 
cles,  flowers  nearly  of  Wsi/lvestris,  and  abbreviated  stems,  the  hirge  spur  sometimes  curve«l, 
oftencr  straight.  T'.  mnina,  var.  nipealris,  Kegel,  1.  c.  250,  a*<  to  plant  of  N.  W.  Coast. — 
Koiky  Mountains,  from  Colorado  to  Montana  (where  it  pa.s.«es  into  the  preceding  form)  ami 
northwaril,  west  to  mountains  of  Arizona,  the  coast  of  California,  aud  Alaska,  northeast 
to  the  Ottawa,  Cana<la. 

Var.  OX^ceras,  Watsos.  Spur  of  the  nither  small  corolla  narrow,  acute.  aUiut  as 
long  as  the  pet:ils  :  peduncles  not  surpassing  the  leaves.  —  Bot.  Calif,  i.  56. — California  in 

1  Add  syn.  r.  multiaiulis,  Britton,  Mcin.  Torr.  Club,  v.  iJ'JZ. 


204  VlOLACKiE.  Viola. 

the  Sierra  Nevada  from  the  Yosemite  uortlnvard.  Brewer,  Graii,  and  uear  Duuuer  Pass 
1  orrey. 

++  -H-  The  few  cauliue  stipules   mainly  entire,  subradical  ones  laciniate-dentate   (none 
squamaceous  and  imbricated  at  the  innovations  in  the  way  of  V.  mirabilis) :  leaves  dotless. 

V.  Hcwellii,  Gr.w.  Glabrous  or  nearly  so :  leaves  membranaceous,  reni form-cordate  (larger 
ones  an  inch  or  two  in  diameter),  sleuder-petioled :  pednncles  long  and  scapiform  ;  some  on 
short  sarnientose  leafy  branches  :  flower  rather  large  :  corolla  blue,  about  three  fourths  inch 
long  including  the  very  thick  and  short  spur.  —  Troc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  308.  V.  mirabilis. 
Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  293,  not  L.  —  Damp  woods  on  or  near  Columbia  River,  near  Portland, 
Oregon,  T.  Howell,. aud  Klikitat  Co.,  Washington,  SuLsdorf.^ 

■*-  -i-  Spur  to  corolla  very  long  :    petals  beardless :    style  slender-fusiform,  symmetrical, 
with  erect  and  terminal  small  stigma:  stipules  laciniate. 

V.  rostrata,  Muhl.  Glabrous  or  nearly  so,  a  span  or  two  high  from  short  and  ascending 
rout.-Jtocks :  leaves  roundish-cordate,  callous-serrate,  seldom  over  inch  long  :  stipules  large, 
lanceolate,  pectinate-laciniate :  peduncles  elongated :  corolla  liglit  violet ;  .slender  spur  5 
or  6  lines  long,  longer  than  the  petals.  —  Cat.  26 ;  Pursh,  PL  i.  174  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  298 ;  Le 
Conte,  1.  c.  US ;  Keichenb.  Ic.  Bot.  Exot.  ii.  13,  t.  131  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  PI.  i.  140.  — Hillsides 
in  rich  woods,  Canada  to  Michigan  and  through  W.  New  York  along  the  mountains  to 
Georgia.     In  N.  Penu.  {Dolph)  found  witii  spur  2-3-coruiculate  at  top. 

§  2.    Annuals,  becoming  subperennial   in  cultivation  :   stipules  very  leaf-like 
and  large :   receptacle  concave  :   lateral  petals  turned   partly  upward  over  the 
upper  pair :    stigma  urceolate  or  globose-saccate  with  a  thin  anterior  bordering 
lip ;   the  large  and  deep  cavity  nectariferous. 
V.  tricolor,  L.     (Pansy,  Heartsease.)     Glabrous:  stems  angled,  leafy :  leaves  obtusely 

serrate  or  crenate ;  lowest  roundish  or  cordate ;  upper  oblong,  at  least  their  petiole  ecjualled 

by  the  deeply  lyrate-pinnatifid  foliaceous  stipules :  corolla  diversely  colored  or  variegated,  in 

cultivation  large  and  widely  spreading,  at  least  the  lower  petal  normally  with  some  jellow 

and  upper  violet-purple  :    spur  short.  —  Spec.  ii.  935.  —  Eu.,  straying  more  or  less  from 

gardens,  and  becoming  depauperate  and  small-flowered. 

Var.  arvensis,  DC.     Slender,  small-flowered:   petals  little  or  not  much  surpassing 

the  calyx,  white  with  tinges  of  blue  and  yellow,  or  the  colors  more  decided.  —  Prodr.  i.  303  ; 

Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ,  iii  t.  21  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  143.     V.  arvensis,  Murr.  Prodr.  Stirp. 

Goett.  73  ;  Roth,  Fl.  Germ.  ii.  273.     V.  tenella,  Muhl.  Cat.  26 ;  Schwein.  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  v.  29  ; 

Le  Conte,  1.  c.  151.     V.  birolor,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  175  ;  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  151.  — Barren  fields,  or  rocks, 

Canada  to  Texas,  thought  to  be  indigenous.     (Eu.) 

2.  SOLEA,  Spreng.  partly,  Ging.  (  William  Sole,  an  English  apothecary 
and  botanist,  monographer  of  Mentha.)  —  Spreng.  Pugill.  i.  22,  as  to  first  species 
(here  genus  actually  founded,  1813,  not  in  Schrad.  Jour.  1800,  where  it  is  merely 
suggested  on  a  different  plant)  ;  Ging.  in  DC.  Prodr,  i.  306,  &  Mem.  Viol.  10  ; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  187,  t.  81. 

S.  concolor,  Gixg.  HerbacerJus  perennial,  loosely  pubescent :  stems  simple,  a  foot  or  two 
lii^h.  very  leafy  to  the  top :  stipules  slender-subulate,  deciduous :  leaves  alternate,  mem- 
iiranaceous,  3  to  5  inches  long,  oblong  or  somewhat  obovate,  conspicuously  acuminate  at 
both  ends,  short-petioled,  penniveined:  flowers  in  numerous  axils,  small,  nodding,  greenish, 
solitary  or  geminate  or  two  or  three  on  the  short  peduncles :  capsule  oval,  nearly  an  inch 
long  :  seeds  large,  globular,  narrowly  carunculate.  —  Ging.  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  306  ;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  144  ;  Gray,  1.  c.  ^'.  stricta,  Spreng.  PI.  Min.  Cog.  i.  22,  as  to  plant  and  habitat, 
but  hot  lonidinm  strictum,  Vent.  Viola  concolor,  T.  F.  Forst.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  vi.  309,  t.  28  ; 
Pursh,  Fl.  i.  175.  Tonidium  Sprengellamim.  Rrem.  &  Schult.  Syst.  v.  401.  I.  concolor,  Wats. 
Bibl.  Index,  81.  Nolsetlia  acuminata,  TiC  Prodr.  i.  290. —Low  woods  of  the  Alleghany 
region,  \V.  New  York  and  adjacent  Canada  to  North  Carolina,  west  to  Michigan  and  Mis- 
souri ;  fl.  spring  and  early  summer. 

1  Also  Salem,  Oregon,  Henderson;  Wiriier,  Hammond,  and  Vancouver  Isl.,  Streets. 


lonidium.  CANELLACK.i:.  200 

3.  lONtDIUM,  Vent.  ("lor,  £?8o?,  liko  a  vi..Iel.)  —  Slirubs  or  h.rl.s 
(chieHy  tropical),  with  brandling  and  leafy  stems,  alternate  or  ojjpohitc  leaves, 
and  flowers  variously  clustered  or  sometimes  solitary  and  short-peduncled  in  the 
axils.  —  Hort.  Malm.  i.  fol.  &  t.  27;  Mart.  Spec.  Mat.  Med.  liras.  Hi,  t.  .'j,  4; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  144;  Bentli.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  117,  excl.  llylxmthus  ^  Sulea. 
Calceolaria,  La-fl.  It.  Hisp.  183  (1758),  not  Juss.  Iluhuntttus,  li.iill.  Hi>t.  PI. 
iv.  3j1,  excl.  sp.  (not  Jacq.). 

I.  FRUTiCDi-osriM,  13eiitli.  Hot.  .Siilpli.  7,  t.  2,  and  a  jirolialile  variety  dkntAtim,  Gniv,  I'roc. 
Am.  Acad.  v.  154,  are  from  the  .soutliera  end  of  Lower  California. 

I.  polygalaefolium,  Vent.  Low,  many-stemmed  from  a  w<x)dy  eaudex,  erect  or  diffu.se, 
leafy,  imljorulent  or  glahrous :  leaves  both  alternate  and  oppu.site,  from  linear  lo  obluuieo- 
late  or  lower  even  olwvate,  entire,  rarely  subdentate :  stijjnles  sometimes  like  the  leaves, 
sometimes  small  or  wanting:  flowers  solitary  in  the  a.xils,  nodding  on  j»edunck'.s  shorter 
than  the  leaves :  corolla  about  2  lines  long,  white  or  wiiitish ;  lower  lip  not  stipitate  nor 
prolonged:  a  pair  of  small  scale-like  glands  at  base  of  the  lower  stamens.  —  Ilort.  Malm, 
i.  t.  27;  H13K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  376,  t.  496,  f.  1  ;  DC  Prodr.  i.  .309;  Wat.*.  True.  Am.' 
Acad.  xvii.  324.  /.  lineare,  Torr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  168;  Gray.  Gen.  111.  i.  190,  t.  82.  I'l. 
Liudh.  pt.  2, 151,  PI.  Wright,  i.  12,  &  ii.  16.  /.  f/racile,  Mo.;.  &  Se.ss"e  in  DC.  1.  c.  309,  &  Caiques 
des  Dess.  t.  36.  /.  lineare  &  I.  slipnlnceum  (Nutt.),  Torr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  143.  Viola  nrticil- 
lata,  Ort.  Dec.  iv.  50;  Spreng.  in  Schrad.  Jour.  1800,  ii.  190,  t.  6.  where  it  is  suggested  .xs  ii 
genus,  SoleaA  Variable  species,  in  Mexico  commonly  l)ut  not  always  with  peduncle  neiirly 
equalling  subtending  leaf;  in  U.  S.  peduncles  cominoidy  but  not  always  mucii  shorter. — 
Plains  and  low  grounds,  Arkansas  and  Texas  to  Arizona.     (Mex.) 

I.  parietarisefolium,  DC.  A  foot  or  two  high  from  an  annual  root,  erect,  Iw^sely  branched, 
from  puberulent  <>r  above  loosely  ])ilose-pu])escent  to  glabrous  :  leaves  altt-rnate  or  tlie  lower 
opposite,  membranaceous,  ovate-oblong  to  lanceolate,  acute  or  acnminate,  narrowed  at  Uise 
mostly  into  a  petiole,  more  or  less  serrate :  stipules  small  and  subulate :  flowers  axillary  on 
peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaf:  corolla  white  and  purplish;  lower  ]}CUH  fully  twice  the 
length  of  the  others,  4  lines  long,  labelliform,  the  oval  lamina  slender-stipitate  :  a  laterally 
compressed  gland  on  ba.se  of  each  anterior  stamen.  —  Prodr.  i.  308;  Eichl.  Fl.  Bn>s.  xiii. 
pt.  1,  371 ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  415.  /.  rlparium,  vat..  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  16,  & 
/.  lineare,  var.  platj/phi/llum,  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  12,  both  probably  with  some  cleistogamous 
ilowers. —  W.  Texas  and  S.Arizona,  Wri</Iit.  Only  the  var.  Berlcroi,  DC.  1.  c.  .'JOS,  with 
subserrate  leaves;  near  25  &  93,  coll.  Palmer,  in  Northern  Mexico;  the  var.  Ilnustnni,  DC., 
from  farther  south,  has  broader  leaves  thickly  serrate  with  fine  sharp  teeth.  (Mex.  to 
Brazil.) 


Order  XV.    CANELLACE.E. 

*  By  A.  Gr.\y. 

Tropical  trees,  with  pungent-aromatic  bark,  pellucid-imnctate  evergreen  and 
entire  penniveined  leaves,  no  stipules,  and  regular  hermaphrodite  cymose  flowers, 
the  10  or  more  hypogynous  stamens  wholly  monadelphous,  with  the  2-<'elled 
anthers  extrorsely  adnate  to  the  truncate  tube,  enclosing  the  one-celled  and  short- 
styled  ovary,  which  bears  few  to  several  ovules  on  2  to  4  p:irietal  placenta' ;  the 
fruit  a  berry ;   seeds  camphylotropous  or  anatropous,  with   ;i  small   embryo  iu 

copious  albumen.  —  Airieric:in  order  of  two  gon<'i' ■    "■'   '•  ■  >    <- "    .^^^ !-s.  one 

reaching  Florida. 

1   .\dil  syn.  Viilcwlariii  Vtrticiiiatn.  KunU-c,  1^,^.  Gli;.   !l. 


206  .        CANELLACE^.  CanelU. 

1.  CAN^LLiA,  P.  Browne.  (Canela,  Spanish  name  for  cinnamon,  &c., 
probably  from  the  quilled  bark.)  —  Sepals  3,  orbicular,  imbricated,  persistent. 
Petals  5,  imbricated  in  the  bud,  obovate,  deciduous:  no  interior  scales.  Stamens 
10.  Stigmas  2.  Placentae  2  or  3,  each  with  a  pair  of  ovules  ascending  from  a 
pendulous  funiculus.  Seed-coat  crustaceous.  —  Jam.  275,  t.  27,  f.  3;  Swartz, 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  i.  96,  t.  8  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  109  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen. 
i.  121,  where  petals  are  taken  for  sepals  and  these  for  bracts.  (Cf.  Eichl.  Fl. 
Bras.  xiii.  pt.  1,  521.) 

C.  alba,  McRR.  (White  Canella  or  Winter's  Bakk,  Wuitewood,  Wild  Cinnamon.) 
Tree  20  to  50  feet  high,  heavy-woodeil :  leaves  sjtatiilate  or  obloiig-obovate,  2  to  4  inches 
long,  shiniug  above :  Howers  in  small  terminal  cyiuea.:  flower  2  or  3  lines  long,  odorous, 
violet,  with  anthers  yellow  :  berries  black,  globose ;  seeds  few,  black,  shining.  —  JSyst.  Veg. 
ed.  14,  443;  Swartz^  1.  c;  Chapm.  Fl.  43;  Sargent,  U.  S.  Tenth  Census,  ix.  24.'  C.  Win- 
terana,  Goertn.  Fruct.  i.  373,  t.  77.2  Winterania  Canella,  L.  Spec.  ed.  2,  630  (Catesb.  Car. 
ii.  t.  50).  —  Southern  Keys  of  Florida.  (W.  Ind.)  Furnishes  the  White  Winter's  Bark  of 
commerce. 


Okder  XVI.     BIXACE^. 

By  A.  Gray. 

A  tropical  and  very  varied  order  (including  Samydece)  of  trees  and  .shrubs,  with 
2-oc-carpellary  pistil  and  as  many  parietal  placentae,  the  type  Bixa  Orellana, 
L.,  the  Arnotto  (which  in  the  pulp  investing  its  seeds  furnishes  the  coloring 
matter  of  that  name),  to  which  as  Tribe  CoCHLOSPERME.ai  have  been  somewhat 
doubtfully  referred  Cochlospermum,  Kunth,  and  the  following  related  genus  of 
low  herbs,  with  axile  placentation,  which  reaches  the  United  States. 

1.  AMOREtJXIA,  MoQ.  &  Sesse.  (P.  /.  Amoreux,  a  botanist  of  Mont- 
pellier.)  ^  Hypogynous,  and  no  glandular  torus.  Sepals  5,  lanceolate,  tardily 
deciduous.  Petals  5,  ample,  rounded-obovate,  convolute  in  the  bud,  deciduous. 
Stamens  indefinitely  numerous  :  filaments  filiform,  on  one  side  of  the  flower 
longer  than  the  other  and  incurved  :  antliers  linear,  basifixed,  2-celled,  opening 
introrsely  at  the  tip.  Ovary  subglobose,  3-celled,  with  placentae  in  the  thickish 
axis :  style  and  stigma  entire.  Ovules  numerous  in  a  double  series,  campylotro- 
pous  or  amphitropous.  Capsule  large,  pendulous,  smooth,  3-celled ;  epicarp  6- 
(or  3-)  valved,thin  coriaceous,  separating  from  the  membranaceous  or  chartaceous 
endocarp,  which  is  either  loculicidally  3-valved  or  bursts  irregularly.  Seeds 
large,  with  a  crustaceous  smooth  seed-coat  under  a  thin  episperm  or  pellicle  : 
embryo  more  or  less  incurved  in  the  copious  firm-fleshy  albumen  ;  the  roundish- 
oval  or  oblong  thin  cotyledons  much  longer  than  the  caulicle.  Low,  simple- 
stemmed  and  mostly  glabrous  herbs,  from  a  stout  lignescent  perennial  stock  or 
root :  leaves  alternate,  long-petioled,  orbicular  in  outline,  deeply  palmately  5-9- 
lobed,  the  obovate  or  spatulate  lobes  acutely  dentate :  stipules  subulate-setaceous, 

1  Add  Silva,  i.  .37,  t.  20. 

2  A(]d  syn.  Laurus  Wintenma,  L.  Spec.  i.  371.  Canella  laimfoUa,  Lodd.  Cat.  ace.  to  Sweet, 
Hort.  Brit.  65. 


Fraiikfnia.  FRANKKXIACE.E.  207 

deciduous:  flowers  in  terminal  raceme,  lar^e,  mainly  yellow.  —  Moe.  &  Sesse  in 
DC.  I'rodr.  ii.  G38  ;  Planclion  in  llook.  Lon«l.  Jour.  liot.  vi.  140;  Gniv,  1*1. 
"Wright,  i.  29,  ii.  26  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  124. 

A.  palmatifida,  Mo(;.  &  Sesse.  A  foot  or  two  hi^h  :  loaves  almost  7-9-j>artod  into  xpatii- 
latci  luljcs  :  jjetals  inch  and  a  lialf  <jr  less  long,  orange  with  t»rown  purple  sp-a  at  luwc  :  cap- 
sule ovate-globu.se :  seeds  reniforni-iticnrved,  with  the  deiitate  outer  coat  close,  minutelv 
hirsutc:  embryo  simple,  arcuate-incurved  ;  cotyledons  oblong.  —  Moc.  &  .Sesse' in  DC.  Trixir. 
ii.  638,  &  Cabiuos  des  Dess.  t.  1171  ;  llemsl.  Biol.  C'entr-.Vm.  Hot.  i.  5.5;  .1.  pnlmntijida  & 
A.  Schit demur,  I'lanchon,  1.  c.  141,  t.  1  ;  Gray,  I'l.  Wright  ii.  20,  t.  12.  A,  fruit.  K,ir>iiu,the 
Schiedt'uiia,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  Liun.x^a,  v.  22.5.  —  Foothills  of  the  mountains  of  S.  Ariwuia. 
Wriyht,  Rothrock,  Pringle.     (Mex.,  New  Greuada.) 

A.  Wrightii,  Gray.  Resembles  the  preceding:  but  leaves  less  deeply  5-7 -cleft  iuto  oIkv 
vate  lobes:  capsule  oblong-ovoid  and  2  inches  long  or  smaller  and  shorter:  seeds  obovate, 
with  short  distinct  rhaphe,  uot  incurved  ;  outer  coat  glal)rous,  loose  and  arilliform ;  cotyledons 
nearly  orbicular,  fle.xuous.  —  PI.  Wright,  ii.  26  ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  .wii.  ;J24.  A.  Siltn- 
diana,  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  29  (excl.  syn.),  t.  3,  B,  fruit.  —  Hills  and  arid  plains,  S.  Tex-xs  to 
Arizona,  Wright,  Thurberf  Palmer,  Recerchon.  (Adj.  },lc\.,  Berlandur,  &c.,  aud  farther 
south.) 

A.  MALv.i:F6LiA,  Gray,  PI.  Wriglit.  i.  29,  from  Chihuahua,  if  distinct  from  the  last,  needs 
more  elucidation. 


Order  XVII.     FRANKENIACE^. 

By  a.   Gray. 

Low  perennial  herbs  or  under.shrubs,  in  saline  soil ;  witli  opposite  or  4.natft 
and  subsessile  entire  thickish  leaves  (and  commonly  a.villary  £a.scicle.s),  a  stipular 
membraiie  or  line  connecting  their  bases :  regular  and  complete  small  hvpogy- 
nous  flowers  ;  calyx  and  corolla  4r-5-merous,  the  sepals  united  into  a  tube  and 
persistent  in  the  manner  of  Silenece  and  the  petals  in  same  way  lon<T-un"-uiculate 
and  crowned  at  base  of  the  blade  ;  stamens  as  many  as  petals  and  alternate  with 
them  or  more  numerous ;  style  3-4-cleft  with  narrow  lobes  iutrorsely  or  in  ours 
almost  terminally  stigm.itose  ;  ovary  one-celled  with  2  to  4  one-raany-ovulate 
parietal  placentre  ;  capsule  included  in  the  caly.v,  dehi.scent  through  the  placenta'  : 
seeds  straight  and  anatropous,  .slender-stalked,  with  crusticeous  coat  :  and  mostly 
cylindrical  straight  embryo  in  the  axis  of  mealy  albumen.  —Single  and  widely 
dispersed  genus. 

1.  FRANK:6NIA,  L.  (J.  Frankenius,  Profes.sor  of  Medicine  at  Up.sal 
in  the  17th  century  )  —  Gen.  no.  362. 

#   Nearly  or  quite  herKiceous :  style  .3-cleft :  ovules  numerous  and  Bee<ls  se^  ernl :  leave.s  plane 
or  nearly  so  when  fresh. 

F.  grandifolia,  Cham.  &  Schi.kcht.  Erect  or  a.'^cending  from  a  pnKMimbent  Imm.  a  foot 
high,  more  or  less  pubescent,  divergently  branched  :  l.aves  large  for  the  genu-,  (half  inch  -r 
less  long),  from  round-obovate  to  sp.atulafe.  tlie  short  jK-titde  or  o.nne.tii.g  bases  m..>ilv 
hirsute-ciliate :  petals  mo.stly  5,  purple;  stamens  4  to  7,  comnjonlv  :>.—  i.inn.Ta.  i.  .I.'.;  T.-rr. 
&Gray,  Fl.  i.  lOS;  Torr.  Bot.  .Mex.  Bound.  36.  t.  .5;  Bn'w.  &  Wats.  B..t.  Calif,  i.  W. 
F.  grandifolia  &,  F.  Intifnli,,,  Presl,  Kel.  Hank,  ii  3.  \\lr:ln  latif<Ji,i.  Ksch.  Mem.  Acad. 
Petrop.  X.  286.  — Coast  ,.i  c.lif.n.i ,  fr..,,,  s,„  i-.-.ncisco  Bay  to  San  Diejfo;  firvt  coll.  by 
Ho'ukf. 


208  FRANKEXIACK.E.  Frankenia. 

Var.  campestris,  Gray,  n.  var.  More  tufted :  leaves  smaller  (quarter  to  half  inch 
long),  from  narrowly  spatulate  to  nearly  linear,  mostly  with  revolute  margins  in  drying: 
petals  less  conspicuous.  —  /'.  grandifoiui,  Wats.  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  326.  F.  Bertereuim, 
C.  Gay,  Fl.  Chil.  i.  247,  seems  to  be  an  intermediate  form.  —  Plains  near  San  Jacinto,  IS.  W. 
California,  Parish;  S.  Nevada,  Wheeler,  &c.  (N.  Mex.,  interior  of  Chilis) 
*  *  Shrubby,  thickly  branched,  a  foot  or  more  high:  style  2-cleft :  ovules  only  2  or  3 
nearly  basilar :  leaves  small  and  lieath-Iike,  with  margins  much  revolute,  commonly 
much  fascicled. 

F.  Jamesii,  Torr.  Erect :  branchlets  scabrous-puberuleut :  leaves  nearly  glabrous,  linear 
or  lilifunn,  a  quarter  or  third  inch  long:  petals  white,  the  cuneiform  and  erose-truncate 
blade  2  lines  long:  stamens  mostly  6,  with  anther-cells  elongated- oblong.  —  Torr.  in  Gray, 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  622  ;  Coulter,  Man.  Kocky  Mt.  Keg.  31.  — Eastern  foot  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  in  Colorado,  especially  on  the  Arkansas;  first  coll.  hy  James;  Guadaloupe  Moun- 
tains, W.  Texas,  Havard. 

F.  Palmeri,  Watson.     More  spreading,  barely  pulverulent-puberulent :    leaves  thicker  and 
shorter,  a  line  or  two  long :  flowers  much  smaller :  stamens  4,  with  oval  anther-cells.  —  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  xi.  124;    Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  61.  —  Border  of  salt  marshes,  San  Diego 
Bay,  California,  Cleveland,  Parry,  Pringle.     (Lower  Calif.,  Palmer.) 
F.  PULVERULENTA,  L.,  common  European  species,  is  an  occasional  ballast-weed  in  New  York 

Harbor. 


FASCICLE    11. 

Order  XVIII.    CARYOPHYLLACE^. 

By  B.  L.  Robinsox. 

Herbs  (rarely  lignescent  at  the  base)  with  bland  watery  juice,  opposite  entire 
often  slightly  connate  leaves  and  regular  perfect  or  less  frequently  and  through 
abortion  unisexual  flowers.  Stems  with  enlarged  nodes.  Sepals  4  to  5,  in  the 
first  tribe  united  into  a  cup  or  tube,  in  the  others  distinct.  Petals  as  many  (or 
none),  often  emarginate,  toothed,  or  deeply  bifid,  in  the  first  tribe  unguiculate 
and  borne  together  with  the  stamens  and  ovary  upon  a  somewhat  elongated  or 
columnar  torus,  in  the  other  tribes  often  somewhat  perigynous.  Stamens  com- 
monly twice  as  many  as  the  petals,  but  often  fewer  and  when  of  the  same  num 
her  alternating  with  them;  filaments  free  or  slightly  cohering  near  the  base; 
anthers  iutrorse.  Styles  2  to  5,  free  or  in  the  last  tribe  united  below;  ovary 
free,  unicellular  or  imperfectly  2-5-celIed  at  the  base  ;  placentation  axial ;  ovules 
amphitropous  or  campylotropous,  usually  numerous.  Fruit  a  capsule  (in  one 
foreign  genus  baccate),  opening  by  2  to  5  entire  or  bifid  valves;  seeds  many 
or  by  abortion  few,  albuminous ;  embryo  straight  or  moderately  curved. 

Tribe  I.  SILENE^E.  Sepals  united  into  a  4-.5-toothed  or  -lobed  tube  or  cup. 
Petals  unguiculate  and  often  scale-bearing  at  the  junction  of  the  blade  and  claw, 
borne,  together  w4th  the  stamens  and  ovary,  upon  a  columnar  prolongation  of  the 
receptacle.  Stipules  none.  Flowers  usually  showy,  perfect,  or  not  infrequently 
polygamous. 


I  N  D  E  X 


Achlys,  70. 
Acotjitiim,  52. 
Actiea,  55. 
Acllumia,  93. 
Alliaria,  134. 
Alyssum,  115. 
Ainoreuxia,  206. 
AtK^nione,  9. 
Anemonella,  14. 
Anona,  62. 
ANo>jAcr..E,  62. 
Aqtiilegia,  42. 
Arabis,  159. 
Arctomecon,  85. 
Argemone,  87. 
Asimiiia,  62. 
Atamisquea,  187. 
Athvsanus,  112. 


Barbarea,  149. 
Berberidace.k,  66 
Berberis,  67. 
Berteroa,  114. 
Bl.^ACE.K,  206. 
Brasenia,  74. 
Brassica,  133. 
Braya,  140. 

Cabomba,  74. 
Cakile,  1-32. 
Caltha,  39. 
Calycocarpura,  66. 
Camelina,  131. 
Canbva,  85. 
Canefla,  206. 
Canbllace.b,  205. 

CAPrARIDAf'E.K,  18 

Capparis,  187. 
Capseila,  130. 
Cardamine,  155. 
Caulanthus,  172. 
Caulciphyllum,  70. 
Chelidoniiim,  89. 
Cimi(ifu;;a,  53. 

Cl.STA(K.K,  189. 

Clematis,  4. 
Cleoine.  183. 
Cleomella,  184. 
CocculiLs,  65. 
CDchlearia,   145. 
Conrin>;ia,  134. 
CoptLs,  41. 
Corvdalis,  96. 
Crisfatella,  181. 
Crossosnma,  57. 
Ckucikek.k,  98. 


Darlinfjtonia,  81. 
Delphinium,  45. 
DendroinecDii,  86. 
Dentaria,  153. 
Dicentra,  93. 
Diphvlleia,  72. 
DiploUxis,  134. 
Dithvrea,  122. 
Draba,  105. 
Dr^-opefalon,  150. 

Eianthis,  42. 
Fln'simnm,  142. 
Eutrema,  135. 

Frankenia.  207. 
Frankeniace.*:,  207. 
fumakiack.*;,  92. 

Greggia,  142. 

Helianfhomnm,  189. 
Helleboms  42. 
Hepalica,  13. 
Hesperis,  142. 
Hudi^onia,   191. 
Hydrasti.s,  56. 

Illiciiim,  58. 
lodaiithus,  150. 
lonidiiim,  205. 
Isomer!?,  181. 
Isopyrum,  40. 

Jeffersonia,  71. 

Leavenwnrthia,  152. 
Lechea,  192 
Lepidiinn.  124. 
Le-fqiiereila.  116. 
Liriodendriin.  61. 
Lobiilaria,  115. 
Lyrocarpa.  122. 

AFapnolia,  ^9. 
Magnoliack.k,  57. 
Mccoiinpsis,  8!t. 
Menispermack.k,  64. 
Meiiispprmiim,  65. 
Myosurus,  la. 

Nasturtium.  146. 
Nelumbo,  74. 
Neslia,  131. 
Nuphar,  77. 
Nymphrra,  75. 
NYMril.KACE.K.  72. 


Oligomeris,  188. 
Oxystylis,  186. 

Piponia,  56. 
I'apaver,  88. 

I'Al-AVEHACE.K,  82. 

I'arrya,  151. 
I'hysaria.  121. 
I'laty.epennuiii,  151. 
I'latystemon,  84. 
riatystigma,  84. 
Podophvlluni,  72. 
Polanisla,  182. 

RA^•^TN^l^LACE.K,  1. 

Ranunculus,  20, 
Ha|>liaiius.  132. 
Heseda.  188. 
RESEnACE.E,  187. 

Komneva,  87. 


Sanguinaria.  86. 
Sarracenia,  79. 

SARRACENIArE.E,  79. 

Schizandra,  58. 
Seienia,  151. 
Senebipra.  129. 
Sisymbrium,  136. 
Smelowskia,  136. 
Solea,  204. 
Stanfordia.  171. 
Slanlcva,  178. 
Streptaiithtis.  167. 
Slvlophiirtim,  89. 
Siibularia.  l.'JO. 
SynthJipsis.  121. 


Tlialicirum.  14. 
Thi'ivpcdiuin,  173. 
Thlalspi,  1-23. 
ThvsaiKxarpu*,  113. 
Tra'utvetteria,  18. 
Trollius,  40. 
Tn'pidocarpum,  141. 

Vanconveri.i,  71. 
Vio»«^  1H5. 

VioUACE.K,  194. 

W.irpa,  179. 
Wi!.li/.enia,  186. 

XanlhorrhizA,  56. 


SYNOPTICAL 

FLORA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA: 

Vol.   J.—  i'AKT  I. 
Fascklk  II, 

POLYPETAL.K    FROM    Till-.    Ca  I!  YOl'll  YI.I.ACK.*:     lO    THK    !'<  )I.  V<;  AI.A(  F  .1 

By  ASA   GRAY,  LL.D., 

C(».\TIXrKI)    AM)    EdITKI)    hy 

BENJAMIN   LINCOLN   ROBINSON,  I'ilD, 

WITH    Till-:    COLLARORATIO.X   OF 

WILLIAM  TRELEASE,  Sc.D.,  Dikixtou  ok  thk  Missoiki  Botaxicai. 
(iAKDKx;  JOHN  MERLE  COULTER,  I'li.l).,  Pkokkssok  ok  Hotany 
IN  THK    UxivERsiTY  OF   CuicAco;    Axi.    LIMERTY    HYDE    RAILEV, 

M.SC,    rUOKKSSOK    OK    IIolM  M  Ml  TlltK     IN    Cnl'VKII      I  '  \  I  \- 1   l:<  1  I  Y. 


[ISSUED  JUNE   10.   1897.] 


XKW    VOIJK.  (INriNNA  ri.   AM)   ('IIirACO: 

AMKI.'KAV     I!()(»K     (OMI'WV 

CAMISIIIDCK.   MASS..    PAMIiKHX JK    ROTANTCAL   SITM'LV   COMI'AVV 

LONDON:    WM.   WKSLKV   .<:    SO\,  o8    KS.-sI-X'    ST     ^riM\?» 

LKIl'SIC     OSWALD    \VKF(;KL 


Copyrifihf,  1SD7, 

By    the    rUESIDENT    AND    FeLLOWS    UF    IIaKVAKD    COLLEGE. 


(Knibrvsitu  ^IJrfSs: 
John  Wilson    and    Son,    CAMiuMntii;,  U.S.A. 


X       GENERAL  KEY  TO  THE  POLYPETALOUS  ORDERS. 

truded  as  to  appear  axial  in  a  septate  ovary,  in  MesemhryantJiemum  becoming 
parietal  through  secondary  changes  in  the  ovary)  :  stamens  mostly  definite, 
less  frequently  gc  ;  filaments  free  or  slightly  united  at  the  base,  hypogynous 
or  in  many  Ficoidece  and  the  genus  Fouquieria  distinctly  perigynous. 

++  Embryo  (with  rare  exceptions)  peripheral  and  curved  about  more  or  less 
copious  albumen  :  herbs  or  rarely  shrubs. 

18.  CARYOPHYLLACEiE.  Flowers  perfect  or  through  abortion  polygamo-dioe- 
cious,  commonly  dichlamydeous  ;  floral  envelopes  regular,  4-5-merous.  Calyx  either 
gamosepalous  (Tribe  I.)  or  of  distinct  sepals.  Petals  as  many  as  the  sepals  or 
calyx-lobes  (rarely  fewer  or  none),  either  unguiculate  and  often  coronate  (Tribe  I.) 
or  sessile  and  unappendaged,  either  entire  or  more  or  less  deeply  bifid  or  laciniate. 
Stamens  as  many  or  twice  as  many  as  the  petals  or  rarely  of  some  irregular  num- 
ber but  never  more  numerous.  Carpels  2  to  5;  styles  distinct  or  (Tribe  III.) 
united  below  ;  ovary  free,  completely  unilocular  or  partially  septate  from  the  base ; 
embryo  curved  about  the  albumen  (straight  in  Dianthus  and  Tunica).  Leaves 
opposite  or  verticillate,  entire  or  nearly  so.     Scarious  stipules  sometimes  present. 

19.  FICOIDEyE.  Calj-x  regular,  persistent  (in  N.  American  species),  4-5-lobed  or 
-divided,  free  or  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  ovary.  Petals  (modified  stamens) 
in  Mesemhryanthemum  numerous,  narrow,  in  other  N".  American  genera  wanting. 
Stamens  either  hypogynous  or  perigynous,  few  or  many,  when  as  many  as  the 
calyx-divisions  alternate  with  them,  when  numerous  often  slightly  united  near  the 
base  into  phalanges.  Cells  of  the  ovary  (except  in  Cypselea  and  sometimes  in 
Trianfhema)  2  or  more,  with  as  many  styles  or  free  stigmas;  placentae  axial  or 
basal,  but  in  most  species  of  Mesembryanthemum  soon  appearing  parietal  through  a 
strong  secondary  radial  or  at  length  cupulate  development  of  the  base  of  the 
ovary.  Fruit  capsular  or  (in  Tetragonia)  indehiscent.  Leaves  opposite  (when 
often  unequal),  pseudoverticillate,  or  (in  Tetragonia)  alternate.  Scarious  stipules 
sometimes  present. 

20.  PORTULACACEiE.  Flowers  regular  or  nearly  so,  perfect.  Sepals  (except  in 
some  species  of  Lewisia)  2,  free  or  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  ovary,  mostly  ovate 
or  orbicular.  Petals  mostly  5,  sometimes  fewer  or  none,  very  rarely  more  numer- 
ous, free  or  sometimes  (in  Montia,  Calyptridium,  and  Calandrinia)  more  or  less  con- 
nate at  the  base,  often  deliquescent  or  fugacious.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals 
and  opposite  them  or  sometimes  more  numerous  and  indefinite,  but  rarely  fewer. 
Ovary  superior  or  (in  Portulaca)  half  inferior,  1-celled ;  stigmas  (2  to)  3 ;  ovules 
(1  to)  3  to  cc,  on  central  placentfe.  Fruit  a  circumscissile  or  (2-)3-valved  capsule. 
Leaves  entire,  opposite  (rarely  whorled)  or  alternate,  often  fleshy.  Stipules  when 
present  scarious,  often  laciniate. 

++  ++  Seeds  hairy  or  wiug-appendaged,  with  straight  embryo  and  little  or  no 
albumen. 

21.  TAMARISCINE^.  Flowers  regular,  perfect  (rarely  in  foreign  species  dioe- 
cious). Sepals  4  or  5,  distinct  or  nearly  so,  imbricated.  Petals  as  many,  free  or 
(in  Fouquieria)  united  into  a  i-.'i-lobed  tube.  Stamens  (4  to)  5  or  10  oroc,  inserted 
l)eneath  and  outside  of  a  hypogynous  or  nearly  h_\7)ogynous  disk.  Ovary  free,  uni- 
locular, but  in  Fouquieria  almost  divided  by  the  strongly  intruded  placentae  ;  styles 
and  valves  of  the  capsule  3  to  5. 


GENERAL   KEY   TO   THE    I'Ol.VI'KTALOrS   OllDKKS.  xi 

^-  H—  -»-  H—  Carpels  2  to  7  ;  cells  of  the  ovary  as  many  aii<l  with  placenta'  at 
the  inner  angles  of  the  cells  (i.e.  axial  ;  false  dissepirnonts  never  j)resent)  or 
in  the  HypericacecB  the  ovary  sometimes  l-celled  with  parietal  placentaj. 

++  Stamens  free,  definite,  either  as  many  or  twice  as  many  as  the  petals :  ovary 
2-5-celled,  with  as  many  introrsely  stigmatose  styles  or  sessile  stigmas : 
stipules  present. 

22.  ELATINACE^E.  Flowers  regular,  small,  axillary,  perfect.  Sepals  2  to  5.  Petals 
as  many.  Stamens  hypogynous.  Disk  none.  Ovules  several  to  many  in  each 
cell,  borne  at  the  inner  angle.  Capsules  septicidal.  Small  often  aquatic  or  riparian 
herbs  (rarely  undershrubs)  with  opposite  or  verticillate  dotless  leaves. 

++  ++  Stamens  a:  (very  rarely  subdefinite  but  not  of  the  same  number  as  the 
petals),  free  or  more  commonly  connate  or  gathered  into  3  or  5  phalanges ; 
anthers  2-celled,  versatile :  ovary  1-5-celled ;  stigmas  capitate :  stipules 
none. 

23.  IIYPERTCACE.E.  Flowers  regular,  perfect,  cymose  or  cymose-paniculate  (very 
rarely  racemose) ;  floral  envelopes  4-5-merous.  Stamens  commonly  in  3  pr  5 
bundles.  Ovary  l-celled  with  parietal  placentiBor  completely  3-7-celled  with  axile 
placentae.  Fruit  (in  ours)  capsular  and  septicidal ;  seeds  without  albumen.  Herbs 
or  shrubs  with  thin  opposite  or  verticillate  pellucid-punctate  mostly  sessile  entire 
or  serrulate  leaves. 

24.  TERNSTRCE^NIIACEiE.  Flowers  regular  or  nearly  so.  Sepals  mostly  5,  some- 
times more  or  less  unequal,  the  inner  being  larger.  Petals  as  many  as  the  sepals, 
free  or  somewhat  connate  at  the  base.  Stamens  distinct  or  partially  united  into 
bundles,  hypogynous  or  adnate  to  the  bases  of  the  petals.  Disk  none.  Ovary  (in 
N.  American  genera)  3-6-celled.  Trees  or  slirubs,  ours  with  simple  alternate  im- 
punctate  leaves. 

4H-  ++  •»-*•  Stamens  definite,  as  many  as  the  persistent  sepals  and  alternate  with 
them  ;  filaments  connate  into  a  tube  ;  anthers  2-celled  :  ovary  (4-)o-celled  ; 
style  single  ;  stigma  undivided  :   petals  none  :  stipules  small,  caducous. 

25.  CHEIRAXTHODKNDRE.E.  Flowers  regular,  perfect,  apetalous,  normally  fv 
merous.  Sepals  colored,  persisting.  Bractlets  3,  deciduous.  Fruit  a  loculicidal 
5-valved  capsule.  Trees  or  siirubs  with  rusty  stellate  pubescence  and  alternate 
palmately  lobed  leaves. 

^_  H_  H_  ^_  ^_  Carpels  (l-)3-y:,  united;  ovary  with  as  many  cells ;  pla- 
centae at  inner  angle  of  each  cell  :  sepals  valvate  :  stamens  (except  in   Ster- 

cuUacece)  mostly  oc 

++  Anthers  l-celled. 

26.  MALVACEAE.  Flowers  regular,  usually  perfect  ;  floral  enveloix\s  both  present 
and  fj-merous.  Persistent  calyx  often  subtended  by  an  involucel.  Petals  slightly 
connate  at  the  very  base  and  there  adnate  to  the  stamineal  tube.  Stamens  x; 
filaments  connate.  Carpels  3-oc  (rarely  in  foreign  genera  1  or  2)  :  cells  of  the 
ovary  as  numerous,  1-oc-ovuled ;  style  simple  at  the  base  and  (wilii  few  excejv 
tions)  divided  above  into  more  or  less  elongated  filiform  or  clavellate  branches. 
Leaves  alternate,  stipulate,  commonly  palmately  nerved.  Pubescence  often 
stellate. 


xii  GENERAL   KEY   TO   THE   POLYPETALOUS   ORDERS. 

-H-  -H-  Anthers  2(-3)-celled. 

27.  STERCULIACE.E.  Flowers  regular,  mostly  perfect.  Petals  sometimes  want- 
ing. Fertile  stamens  in  N.  American  genera  only  as  many  as  and  alternate  with 
the  sepals  or  calyx-lobes,  in  foreign  genera  often  oc.  Ovary  (in  ours)  5-  or  rarely 
1-locular;  ovides  ascending  or  horizontal.     Leaves  alternate. 

28.  TILIACE.E.  Flowers  regular,  mostly  perfect.  Stamens  oc,  quite  free  or  slightly 
united  at  the  base  into  5  phalanges ;  anthers  2-celled.  Ovules  mostly  pendulous 
and  with  rhaphe  ventral.  Sepals  deciduous.  Leaves  (in  ours)  alternate,  simple, 
serrate,  dentate,  or  palmately  lobed. 

*  *  DisciFLOR.*.  Stamens  free  from  the  calyx  and  ovary,  variously  inserted 
upon  a  more  or  less  expanded  or  developed  torus,  mostly  definite,  being  of 
the  same  number  as  the  petals,  or  twice  as  many,  or  less  frequently  (through 
partial  suppression  of  one  or  both  cycles)  of  some  other  number ;  filaments 
free  or  slightly  monadelphous  at  the  base  or  rarely  (as  in  Meliacece)  united 
into  a  tube:  torus  commonly  more  or  less  developed  into  a  disk-formed, 
cup-shaped,  annular,  crenate,  angled,  or  lobed  fleshy  or  often  glandular  ex- 
pansion or  pulviims,  but  not  rarely  obscure  or  undeveloped  {Linaceae,  Ilex, 
many  species  of  Pohjgala,  «fec.)  :  carpels  2  to  5  or  rarely  more  numerous, 
more  or  less  united;  ovary  l-5(-oc)-celIed,  superior,  surrounded  by  the 
disk,  or  rarely  half  inferior  ;  ovules  anatropous  or  nearly  so  :  sepals  or  calyx- 
lobes  mostly  imbricated,  rarely  valvate  in  bud,  mostly  4  or  5  :  petals  usu- 
ally of  the  same  number,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  calyx  or  upon  the  disk. 
(N,  B.  Expanded  disks  or  their  glandular  equivalents  occur  also  in  a  few 
Thalamijioroe^  notably  in  Tamariscinece,  Resedacece,  Pceonia,  and  some 
Capparidacece. ) 

•I-  Geraniales.  Ovules  1  to  2  (rarely  oc)  in  each  cell,  with  few  exceptions 
horizontal  or  pendulous  (in  Rhus  pendulous  from  the  recurved  apex  of  an 
erect  basilar  funiculus)  and  with  the  rhaphe  ventral,  i.  e.  turned  downward 
and  toward  the  axis  of  the  ovary  :  disk  mostly  small  (in  Linacece  represented 
only  by  the  glands  of  the  receptacle,  in  Geraniacece  often  inconspicuous), 
annular  or  lobed. 

++  Filaments  free  nearly  or  quite  to  the  base. 

=  Herbs  with  simple  mostly  alternate  entire  impunctate  leaves :  calyx  (some- 
times with  marginal  but)  without  dorsal  glands. 

29.  LINACECE.  Flowers  regular,  perfect,  dichlamydeous  ;  envelopes  (4-)  5-merous. 
Fertile  stamens  in  ours  5,  slightly  monadelphous  at  the  base  and  with  as  many 
minute  interposed  rudiments.  Glands  of  the  receptacle  small,  opposite  the  sepals. 
Carpels  and  styles  2  to  5 ;  cells  of  the  ovary  as  many  or  by  the  intrusion  of  false 
septa  twice  as  many.  Fruit  in  ours  capsular ;  seeds  oily,  with  scanty  albumen, 
straightish  embryo,  and  flat  cotyledons. 

=  =  Woody-stemmed :  calyx-lobes  or  sepals  (except  in  Galphimia)  bearing 
one  or  two  dorsal  glands:  leaves  (in  ours)  opposite,  simple,  entire, 
impunctate. 

30.  MALPKiIITACE^'E.      Flowers  regular,  5-merous,  .5-10-androus,  in  ours  perfect 


GENERAL   KEY  TO   THE    POLYrETALOlS   ORDERS.  xiii 

(sometimes  dimorphous  and  in  part  cleistogamous)  dii-hlainyd<-ous.  Ovules  soli- 
tary in  the  cells  of  the  mostly  :i-locular  ovary.  Seeds  exalbuminous  with  mostly 
curved  or  coiled  embryo. 

====  =  Herbaceous  or  woody:  calyx  eglandular :  filaments  commonly 
squamiferous :  leaves  pinnate  or  (l-)2-foliolate  or  (in  Pf^f/anum)  deeply 
pinnatifid,  not  pellucid-punctate  (although  sometimes  6Uperfi<ially  resinous- 
dotted). 

31.  ZYGOPIIYLLACE.E.  Flowers  solitary,  4-G-merous,  perfect,  dichlamydeous  (or 
petals  very  rarely  wanting),  diplo (rarely  triplo)-st«'monous,  borne  on  peduncles 
which  often  spring  from  the  axils  of  the  stipules.  Ovules  1  to  several  in  the  cells 
of  the  4-10-locular  ovary.  Fruit  capsular  or  splitting  into  indehiscent  cocci  which 
may  or  may  not  leave  a  persistent  styliferous  axis.  Embryo  large,  straight,  or 
nearly  so ;  albumen  mostly  scanty  and  tough. 

=  =  =  ==  Herbs  (a  little  suffrutescent  in  some  species  of  Oralis)  :  calyx 
eglandular  (sepals  often  with  colored  callosities  in  Oxalis)  :  leaves  palmately 
or  piunately  lobed  or  divided,  rarely  only  crenate,  not  pellucid-punctate. 

32.  GERANI ACPLE.  Flowers  perfect,  3-6-  but  mostly  5-merous,  regular  or  strongly 
zygomorpiiic  (then  saccate-spurred),  mostly  showy.  €arj:)els  and  glands  of  the  re- 
ceptacle as  many  and  stamens  mostly  twice  as  many  as  the  sepals.  Fruit  usually 
an  elongated  beaked  capsule  with  elastic  dehiscence  or  with  indehiscent  carpels  at 
maturity  usually  separating  from  the  axis  and  hygroscopically  coiling  ;  seeds  ex- 
albuminous  except  in  Oxalis  (where  provided  with  horny  albumen  and  special 
arilliform  elastically  dehiscent  integument). 

=  =  =  =  =  Trees,  shrubs,   or  (in   Thamnosma  and  some  foreign  genera) 
herbs:  leaves  mostly  alternate  and  often   compound:    calyx    (punctate  in 
RutacetB  but)  without  solitary  or  geminate  glands  :   filaments  unapi)endaged 
or  nearly  so. 
a.   Leaves  dotted  or  punctate  with  mostly  pellucid  glands  imbedded  in  their 

substance. 

33.  RUTACE^.  Leaves  exstipulate  (or  with  stipular  spines),  commonly  aromatic 
or  graveolent.  Flowers  4-.5-merous,  in  ours  regular,  symmetrical  but  often  diplo- 
stemonous.  Disk  present  and  usually  conspicuous.  Ovules  2  or  more  in  each  cell 
of  a  4-5-locular  often  (especially  in  foreign  genera)  deeply  parted  or  almost  aix)car- 
pous  ovary.  Fruit  various,  capsular,  samaroid,  drupaceous,  or  in  the  Auraut'u(t 
tough-rinded  and  baccate. 

6.  Leaves  without  glands  in  their  substance. 

34.  SIMARUBACE^E.  Bitter-barked  trees  and  shrubs  (sometinies  thorny)  with 
technical  characters  of  Rutacece  but  foliage  devoid  of  glandular  dots.  Our  sinn-ies 
(except  the  cultivated  and  introduced  Ailanthus)  confined  to  Florida  and  the 
Arizono-Texan  region. 

35.  BURSERACE.E.  Resiniferous  trees  an.l  shrubs  with  alternate  ex>tipulate 
odd-pinnate  leaves  and  small  polyganio-<lio'eious  :?-r>-merous  Jlowers.  Fruit  a 
drupe,  commonly  with  fleshy  or  leathery  epicarp  at  length  <leciduous  as  2  or  3 
thickish  valves  ;  cotyledons  thin  and  contortuplicate.  Our  sp«»cies  (confined  to 
S.  Florida  and  S.  Arizona)  with  3-celled  ovary  and  '2  pendulous  ovules  in  each 
cell. 


Xiv     GENERAL  KEY  TO  THE  POLYPETALOUS  ORDERS. 

36.  AXACARDIACEiE.  Resiniferous  trees  or  shrubs  with  alternate  impunctate  ex- 
stipulate  leaves  and  small  regular  chiefly  5-merous  flowers.  Our  only  indigenous 
genus  (Rhus)  with  unilocular  ovary,  a  single  ovule  pendulous  from  the  summit  of 
an  erect  basilar  funiculus,  and  drupaceous  fruit. 

++  ++  Filaments  (in  ours)  completely  united  into  a  toothed  cup  or  tube  w  hich 
bears  the  sessile  or  nearly  sessile  anthers  upon  the  inner  surface. 

37.  MELIACEiE.  Trees  with  dense  hard  w^ood  and  alternate  pinnate  impunctate 
leaves.     Ours  southern. 

■i-  +-  Olacales.  Ovules  1  or  2  in  each  cell  of  the  entire  sometimes  incom- 
pletely septate  2-5  (or  rarely  oc)-ceIled  ovary,  pendulous  but  with  rhaphe 
dorsal,  i.  e.  turned  away  from  the  axis  of  the  ovary :  flowers  small :  petals 
often  connate  at  the  base :  trees  and  shrubs  with  simple  alternate  or  crowded 
leaves  :  disk  cup-shaped  or  annular  (in  the  AquifoUacece  wanting). 
++  Petals  imbricated  or  contorted  :  ovary  completely  2-5-celled. 

38.  AQUIFOLIACEiE.  Flowers  through  abortion  dioecious,  solitary  or  in  few- 
flowered  axillary  cymes.     Disk  none.     Ovary  4-8-celled. 

39.  CYRILLACE/E.  Flowers  perfect,  borne  in  many-flowered  racemes.  Disk  con- 
fluent with  the  base  of  the  2-5-celled  ovary. 

++  ++  Petals  or  lobes  of  a  more  or  less  gamopetalous  corolla  valvate :  ovary 
partially  3-5-locular,  the  septa  not  reaching  the  apex. 

40.  0LACINACE-a2.  Flowers  regular,  dichlamydeous.  Stamens  (in  ours)  as  many 
or  twice  as  many  as  the  petals  or  lobes  of  the  corolla,  and  when  of  the  same 
number  opposite  them.     Ovary  1-5-celled,  but  fruit  a  1-seeded  drupe. 

H_  ^_  ^-  Celastrales.  Ovary  superior,  sessile  on  or  more  or  less  surrounded 
by  a  somewhat  fleshy  pulvinary  disk,  2-5-locular  (in  Glossopetulon  unilocu- 
lar), commonly  entire ;  ovules  1  or  2  in  each  cell,  erect  or  nearly  so  and 
with  rhaphe  ventral,  i.  e.  turned  toward  the  axis  of  the  ovary  :  stamens  as 
many  as  the  sepals  (fewer  in  Hippocratea,  twice  as  many  in  Glossopetalon). 
++  Stamens  alternate  with  the  petals,  i.  e.  opposite  the  sepals. 

41.  CELASTRACE^E.  Trees,  shrubs,  or  woody  climbers  with  simple  unlobed  leaves. 
Flowers  small,  regular,  4-5-merous,  dichlamydeous.  Petals  spreading,  imbricated 
in  aestivation,  white  or  green.  Fruit  a  loculicidal  capsule,  a  drupe,  or  rarely  dry 
and  indehiscent ;  seeds  usually  arillate  or  carunculate. 

■H-  ++  Stamens  as  many  as  and  alternate  with  the  sepals,  i.  e.  opposite  the 

petals  when  these  are  present. 
=  Calyx-lobes  valvate  :    petals   when  present  narrow  but  imbricated  :    fruit 

capsular  or  drupaceous :  leaves  simple,  not  lobed,  impunctate,  stipulate. 

42.  RIIA^MXACE.E.  Trees  or  shrubs,  often  thorny,  rarely  climbing.  Flowers 
small,  regular,  either  perfect,  polygamo-dioecious,  or  dioecious.  Small  often  cucul- 
late  petals  inserted  on  the  throat  of  the  calyx,  sessile  or  unguiculate.  Versatile 
anthers  dehiscent  by  longitudinal  sometimes  confluent  slits.  Ovary  free  or  sur- 
rounded by  and  adnate  to  the  disk,  3  (2-4)-celled.  Seeds  solitary  in  the  cells  of 
the  fruit. 


GENERAL   KEY  TO   THE    I'OLYI'KTALOIS   OKDKUS.  xv 

=  =  Calyx  small :  petals  valvate  :  fruit  baccate:  leaves  (with  rare  exceptions) 
pahuatcly  lobed  or  palmately  or  piimately  compound,  alternate. 

43.  VITACE.E.  Mostly  woody  vines  cliinliing  by  prehensile  or  glaiid-lH-arinj;  U-n- 
drils.  Flowers  small,  regular,  dichlamydt-ous.  Petals  1  or  5,  som.'tim.-s  free, 
sometimes  coherent,  often  caducous.  Ovary  (in  ours)  2-celled  ;  ovul.-s  geuunate  in 
the  cells. 

•»-  -1-  H-  ■•-  Sapindalks.  Ovary  superior,  often  strongly  lol)ed  or  divided ; 
ovules  1  or  2  (very  rarely  cc)  in  each  cell,  mostly  ascending  or  horizonUil : 
stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  and  alternate  with  them  or  twice  as  many  or 
much  more  often  of  some  irregular  number. 

44.  SAPINDACE.E.  Trees,  shrubs,  or  woody  (rarely  herbaceous)  tfMidriliffrou.s 
climbers,  ours  with  compound  or  i>alniately  lobed  leaves  and  commonly  polygamo- 
dicecious  often  irregular  flowers.  Disk  annular  or  more  or  less  deeply  lobed,  often 
unsymmetrical,  rarely  obsolete.  Fruit  various,  most  frequently  samaroid,  or  a 
bladdery  or  coriaceous  capsule. 

•»-■«-•<-  -t-  -^  PoLYGALiNEiE.  Ovules  pendulous,  solitary  (rarely  and  only 
in  foreign  genera  2  to  4)  in  the  cells  of  the  2(-5)-locular  ovary ;  rhaphe 
ventral :  disk  glandular  or  none :  stamens  mostly  8  and  monadelphous,  more 
or  less  adnate  to  the  petals  :  seeds  mostly  carunculate. 

45.  POLYGALACEuE.  Ours  low  herbs,  undershrub.s,  or  erect  rarely  thorny  shrubs. 
Pubescence  of  simple  hairs  or  none.  Leaves  entire,  alternate,  ojiposite,  or  whor|p<i. 
Flowers  pseudo-papilionaceous,  dichlamydeous,  rarely  solitary,  mostly  in  terminal 
racemose,  spicate,  or  capitate  inflore.Kcences  ;  these  sometimes  corymbosely  arranged. 
Calyx  with  sepals  very  unequal,  three  usually  sepaloid  and  two  larger  showy  and 
petaloid.  Filaments  short ;  anthers  dehiscent  by  terminal  pores  or  oblique  iutrorse 
slits. 


FASCICLE    11. 

Oeder  XVIIL     CARYOPHYLLACE^. 

By  B.  L.  Robinson. 

Herbs  (rarely  lignescent  at  the  base)  with  bland  watery  juice,  opposite  entire 
often  slightly  connate  leaves  and  regular  perfect  or  less  frequently  and  through 
abortion  unisexual  flowers.  Stems  with  enlarged  nodes.  Sepals  4  to  5,  in  the 
first  tribe  united  into  a  cup  or  tube,  in  the  others  distinct.  Petals  as  many  (or 
none),  often  emargiuate,  toothed,  or  deeply  bifid,  in  the  first  tribe  unguiculate 
and  borne  together  with  the  stamens  and  ovary  upon  a  somewhat  elongated  or 
columnar  torus,  in  the  other  tribes  often  somewhat  perigynous.  Stamens  com- 
monly twice  as  many  as  the  petals,  but  often  fewer  and  when  of  the  same  num 
ber  alternating  with  them ;  filaments  free  or  slightly  cohering  near  the  base ; 
anthers  iutrorse.  Styles  2  to  5,  free  or  in  the  last  tribe  united  below;  ovary 
free,  unicellular  or  imperfectly  2-5-celled  at  the  base ;  placentation  axial ;  ovules 
amphitropous  or  campy lotropous,  usually  numerous.  Fruit  a  capsule  (in  one 
foreign  genus  baccate),  opening  by  2  to  5  entire  or  bifid  valves;  seeds  many 
or  by  abortion  few,  albuminous ;  embryo  straight  or  moderately  curved. 

Tribe  I.  SILENEvE.  Sepals  united  into  a  4-5-toothed  or  -lobed  tube  or  cup. 
Petals  unguiculate  and  often  scale-bearing  at  the  junction  of  the  blade  and  claw, 
borne,  together  with  the  stamens  and  ovary,  upon  a  columnar  prolongation  of  the 
receptacle.  Stipules  none.  Flowers  usually  showy,  perfect,  or  not  infrequently 
polygamous. 


CAKYorilVLLAt'K.i:.  200 

#    Seeds  conijircssed   or  inciiiscnidul,  attathed  liy  tlio  Hattened  or  concave  face;  eiuliryo 

straight  or  iiisirlv  so. 

-»—  Calyx  cliracteolatc :  .staiiiciis  mostly  5. 

1.  VELEZIA.  Calyx  slender,  elongated,  cylindrical,  5-rild»ed  or  (more  often)  unlioqnally 
ir)-rilpl)t(l,  sharply  5-toothed.  I'etals  small,  scarcely  appenilaged  ;  hhules  2(-4)  t<M)tlie<i  or 
rarely  entire.  Torus  not  elongated.  Styles  2 ;  slender  terete  capsule  4-valvcd  ut  the  sum- 
mit.    Flowers  sessile  or  very  shortly  jiedunded. 

■i—  H—  Calyx  subtended  by  one  or  more  pairs  of  bractlets:  stamens  10. 

2.  DIANTHUS.  Calyx  tubular,  fj-tootbed,  finely  niany-striate.  rctuls  5,  with  long  dawn ; 
the  blade  entire,  emarginate,  or  several-toothed.  Styles  2.  Cajtsule  dehiscent  by  4  valves. 
Leaves  narrow,  ofteu  connate  by  narrow  scarious  membranes.     Flowers  commonly  showy. 

3.  TUNICA.  Calyx  turbinate  or  cylindrical,  obtusely  toothed,  distinctly  5-rilil)ed,  or  some- 
times 13-ribbed.  Fetals  5.  Styles  2.  Flowers  considerably  smaller  and  habit  more  slemler 
than  iu  Dkiidlivs. 

*   *   Seeds  laterally  attached  ;  embryo  curved  :  calycine  bractlets  none. 
-(—  Styles  2  ;  cai)sule  4-toothed  or  -valved  :  introduced  jdants. 

4.  GYPSOPHILA.  Calyx  turbinate,  tubular  or  campanulate,  .5-toothed,  herl)aceon.«i  only 
in  the  ini(blle  of  the  segments,  the  intermediate  parts  being  .scarious.  Petals  5.  Stamens 
10.  Flowers  mostly  small,  paniculate  or  scattered,  rarely  aggregated.  Cajtsule  rather 
deeply  4-valved. 

5.  SAPONARIA.  Calyx  tubular  or  ovoid,  5-toothed,  terete  with  numerous  faint  veins, 
or  conspicuously  5-angled.  Flowers  showy.  I'etals  5.  Stamens  10.  Capsule  deiii.-cent  at 
apex  by  4  short  teeth. 

^_   H_  Styles  normally  3  (sometimes  4  or  .5) ;  capsule  opening  by  3  or  6  teeth :  calyx  com- 
monly 10-nerved,  rarely  x-nervcd. 

6.  SILENE.  Calvx  5-tootbed,  campanulate,  subcylindric  or  turbinate,  either  inflated  or 
becoming  distended  by  the  maturing  ca])sule,  10-x-nerved.  Petals  usually  a|ipemlaged  at 
tiie  summit  of  the  claw;  the  blade  variously  toothed  or  divided,  rarely  entire.  Stamens  10. 
Stvles  3  (rarely  4  or  5).  Stipe  of  the  ovary  commonly  developed.  Capsule  1 -celled  or 
somewhat  3-celied  at  the  base.     Flowers  solitary,  racemose,  or  cymose-itaniculate. 

^_  H>.  ^_   Styles   5,  alternating  witii    the  petals  when  of  the  .same  number:  calyx-teeth 
not  foliaceous. 

7.  LYCHNIS.  Calyx  ovoid,  obovate,  or  clavate,  ."i-toothed,  10-nerved,  inflated  or  not. 
Petals  with  or  without  appendages  ;  tiie  blade  entire,  emarginate,  bifid  or  variously  deft. 
Stamens  10.  Ovary  1-celled  or  divided  at  the  base  into  5  partial  cells.  Capsule  dehiscent 
by  as  many  or  twice  as  many  teeth  as  there  are  styles. 

^_  ^_   ^_  H-   Styles  5.  opposite  the  petals:  caly.x-teeth  conspicuou.sly  prolonged  into  folia- 
ceous apjieiidages :  introduced  plants. 

8.  AGROSTEMMA.  Calyx  ovoid,  with  10  strong  ribs  :  the  dongated  teeth  in  our  specie* 
au  inch  or  more  in  length'  exceeding  the  five  large  uuap|»endaged  petals.  Suimens  10. 
Capsule  1-celled.     Leaves  linear. 

Trihk  II.  ALSIXE.T-:.  Segals  free  or  slightly  united  at  the  very  hase.  Petal.H 
iiion?  or  h-ss  contracted  but  not  ungnioulate  ludow.  Corona  absent.  Flowers 
mostly  small.     Styles  distinct  to  the  ba.se. 

*    Stipules  none. 
^  Capsule  cylindric,  more  or  less  elongate.l.  often  curved,  dehiscent  by  twice  .is  many  teeth 
as  there  are  carpels. 

9.  HOLOSTEUM.  Sepals  .5.  Petals  .■>,  wjiite,  snbentirc  or  denticulate  toward  tlip  apex. 
Stamens  .J  to  .'),  verv  randv   10.     Stvles  ."l  (..,c;i.Mo!ially  4  or  f)),  longitudinally  Migmalic. 

Pod  unicellular  :  seells  numerous,  .lorsally  flatte I.  i.  e.  jwirillel  with  the  incumlnMit  cutylc 

dons:  the  radicle  prominent  upon  the  ventral  surface.     Infioresceuco  umbelliform. 

14 


210  CARYOPHYLLACE.E.  Velezia. 

10.  CERASTIUM.  Sepals  iu  our  siieeies  5.  Petals  as  many,  retiise  or  bifid,  very  rarely 
subeiitire,  white.  Stameus  10,  or  soiuetinie.s  fewer.  Styles  5  (4  or  3).  Capsule  usually 
exceediujj  the  calyx,  ofteu  curved  ;  seeds  numerous,  more  or  less  laterally  compressed. 

4-   -1—  Capsule  ovoid  or  oblong,  relatively  short,  dehiscent  by  as  many  or  twice  as  many 
teeth  as  there  are  carpels. 
++   Styles  usually  fewer  than  the  sepals,  when  of  tiie  same  number  opposite  them. 

11.  STELLARIA.  Sepals  5  (or  4).  Petals  5  (or  4,  rarely  abortive  or  absent),  always 
more  or  less  deeply  bifid,  ofteu  divided  almost  to  the  base,  white.  Stameus  3  to  10.  Styles 
3  or  4,  rarely  5. 

12.  ARENARIA.  Sepals  .5.  Petals  as  many,  white  or  nearly  so,  entire  or  emarginate 
(very  rarely  miuute  or  wanting).  Stameus  10,  or  often  fewer  by  abortion.  Styles  3  or  4; 
seeds  many. 

++   ++   Styles  as  many  as  the  sepals  and  alternate  with  them. 

13.  SAGINA.  Sepals  5  (rarely  4).  Petals  as  many,  entire  or  emarginate,  white,  not  rarely 
absent.  Stamens  usually  5,  less  frequently  3  to  10.  Valves  of  the  capsule  as  many  as  the 
sepals  and  opposite  them ;  seeds  several  to  many. 

*  *   Stipules  present,  scarious :  petals  undivided. 

14.  SPERGULARIA.  Sepals  5.  Petals  5  (rarely  fewer  or  none),  purplish  or  white. 
Stamens  commonly  10.  Styles  3  (very  rarely  .5) ;  ovary  1 -celled.  Valves  of  the  capsule  as 
many  as  the  styles,  when  5  iu  number  alternate  with  the  sepals ;  seeds  ofteu  margined. 
Leaves  linear  or  filiform. 

15.  SPERGULA.  Sepals  5.  Petals  5,  white.  Stamens  10  (rarely  5).  Styles  5;  ovary 
1 -celled,  many-ovuled.  Valves  of  the  capsule  5,  opposite  the  sepals  ;  seeds  acutely  margiued 
or  uarrowly  winged.     Leaves  narrow,  linear,  verticillate  and  fascicled  in  the  axils. 

Tribe  IIL     POLYCARPE.E.     Sepals  free  or  somewhat  united  at  the  base.     Petals 
commonly  small,  not  distinctly  unguiculate,  borne,  togetlier  with  the  stamens,  upon 
a  hypogynous  or  slightly  perigynous  disk.     Style  simple  below,  3-  or  more  rarely 
2-branched  above  ;  stigmas  rarely  sessile  on  the  ovary. 
*   Petals  2  -  5-parted. 

16.  DRYMARIA.  Sepals  5,  often  scarious-margiued.  Petals  5.  Stamens  3  to  5,  slightly 
perigynous.  Ovary  1-celled,  several -many-ovuled.  Capsule  3-valved.  P'lowers  small,  white 
or  nearly  so.  Leaves  flat,  though  often  narrow,  opposite  or  j)seudoverticillate.  Stipules 
small,  free,  scarious  or  bristle-formed,  sometimes  fugacious. 

*   *   Petals  entire,  denticulate,  or  none. 
■i—  Cauline  leaves  numerous,  flat,  not  linear-setaceous. 

17.  POLYCARPON.  Sepals  5,  more  or  less  carinate,  entire,  scarious-margined.  Petals 
5,  small,  sliniter  than  the  sepals,  sometimes  emarginate.  Stamens  3  to  .5.  Ovary  1-celled. 
Capsule  3-valved,  several-seeded ;  seeds  ovoid  with  the  embryo  but  little  curved. 

-t—  H—  Cauline  leaves  setaceous. 

18.  LCEFLINGIA.  Sepals  5,  carinate  and  produced  to  rather  rigid  setaceous  tips;  the 
three  outer  ones  commonly  bearing  a  setaceous  tooth  on  each  side.  Petals  3  to  5,  small,  or 
none.  Stamens  3  (to  5?).  Ovary  1-celled,  several-.seeded,  triangular.  Capsule  3-valvcd ; 
seeds  oblong,  attached  laterally  near  the  base ;  embryo  somewhat  curved ;  cotyledons 
accumbent. 

-J—  -I—  -1—  Leaves  forming  a  radical  rosette ;  the  cauline  minute  or  obsolete  ;  basal  stipules 
lacerate. 

1 9.  STIPULICIDA.  Sepals  5,  distinct,  somewhat  rigid,  obtuse,  often  emarginate,  scarious- 
margined.  Petals  5,  oblong,  gradually  contracted  below,  hypogynous.  Stamens  5.  Capsule 
ovate-globose,  3-valved,  many-seeded. 

1.    VELEZIA,  Lcefl.      (Named  for  Cn'sfobal  Velez,  friend  of  Locfling  and 
author  of  an  unpublished  flora  of  Madrid,  and  not,  as  is  sometimes  said,  Francisco 


JXianthus.  CAin'orilYLLACK.K.  211 

Velez  tie  Aroiiiie<,';i.)  —  Animals  with  toiii,'li  (lkli(.t(.iiiun>Iy  brainlifd  hU-m»«, 
sparse  subulate  I'uliagc,  and  skMider  sessile  or  sliort-iH-duiicl.il  lluwers. —  LttW.  in 
L.  Spec.  i.  ^32;  Sibtliorp,  Fl.  Gra-c.  t.  .'VJO,  .'JIU  ;  Keichcnb.  le.  FI.  Cierm.  vi. 
t.  24G;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  144.  — A  small  Mediterranean  g.-nus  of  charac- 
teristic habit.  A  single  species,  probably  of  recent  introduction,  has  just  been 
noted  in  Central  California. 

V.  ufoinA,  L.  1.  c.  Leaves  iiiirrnwly  linear,  atteiinalc,  an  iiuli  or  less  in  lenf,'ili :  fiowont  mh- 
solitary  at  the  uodcs,  ur  in  tlie  forks  ol"  the  stem,  ;)nil  niort-  or  less  crowded  toward  the  endM 
of  the  briinehes:  eah  x  about  e<|iially  15-rihhed,  glanilular-piii.eriilent,  C  to  8  lines  lonp, 
scarcely   more  than   half  line  in  diameter;    sharp  teeth  erect:    jietals  small   with  minute 

bristle-formed  appendages  and  small    atoothed    roseate    idades :    stamens  :i   (to    10  7). 

Keicheub.  I.e.— Dry  sandy  bluffs  of  the  Tuolumne  Kiver,  near  La  (;range,  California, 
Jepsoii,  IJS'JG;  fl.  July.     (Adv.  from  Eu.) 

2.    DIANTHUS,   L.      Pink,   Caunation.       (At.'x;   and    .Ii^o?,   How.r   of 

Jove.) — Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  364;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  'S'j')  ;   Reidienb.  Ic. 

Fl.  Germ.  vi.  t.  248-208;   Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  144.  —  Chiefly  nativ.s  of  S. 

P^urope  and  N.  Africa,  deservedly  popular  in  cultivation.     Several  species  tend 

to   escape,   and   have   become   more   or  less  naturalized.      Oue  variety   only  is 

indigenous  to  this  continent. 

*   Indigenous  in  the  extreme  Northwest. 

D.  alpinus,  L.  Low  cespitose  perennial  with  numerous  ascending  l-flowered  stems: 
bracts  2  to  6,  erect  or  somewhat  spreading.  —  Spec.  i.  412;  Kegel.  Bull.  Sx-.  Nat.  .Mosc. 
xxxiv,  pt.  2,  52'.».  —  (Eu.,  Liberia.)     Very  variable  and  according  to  Hegel  passing  into 

Var.  repens,  Hi:(;ei.,  1.  c  531.  Hoot  single,  vertical  ordiscending  :  stems  pr'Mumbent 
but  not  repent,  much  branched  from  near  the  ba.se;  branches  simple,  ascending,  3  to  6 
inches  in  height,  most  often  l-flowered  :  leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate.  8  to  16  lines  long, 
glabrous,  slightly  fleshy  :  involucral  scales  a  single  pair,  narrowly  ov.ate.  acuminate,  nearly 
equalling  the  calyx,  the  attenuate  tips  .slightly  spreading:  calyx  .somewhat  intlateil,  f.  lines 
long:  corolla  ])urple.  about  7  lines  broad,  glabntns  ;  jietals  with  obovate  erose-<lent;ite 
blades.  —  D.  repi'tis,  Willd.  Spec.  ii.  681  ;  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  Linna-a,  i.  37  ;  Torr.  &  Clniy, 
Fl.  i.  195  ;  Seem.  Bot.  IleraM,  27,  t.  4.  —Coast  of  \.  and  W.  Aliiska.     (.Siberia.) 

*  *    Species  of  the  ( »ld  World,  naturalized,  or  adveutive  and  locally  established. 
■i—   Bractlet    short,  half  the  length  of  the  calyx  :  flowers  solitary. 

D.  Dii.TofiiKs,  L.  (.Maiden  Pink.)  Perennial:  stems  decumbent,  ascending,  6  inches  to  a 
foot  in  height,  very  leafy  below:  leaves  short,  narrowly  oldong  to  lance-linear,  a  line  wide, 
the  lower  obtusisli,  the  uppermost  acute  :  calyx  long,  tubular :  }>etals  narrow,  red.  jiink,  or 
white.  —  Spec.  i.  411  ;  Eng.  Bot.  t.  61  ;  W.ats.  &  Coulter  in  (iray,  Man.  ed.  fi,  8.}  —  Urra- 
sionally  found  escaped  from  gardens.  New  England.  Martha's  \ineyard.  Miss  A".  Wnison, 
and  E.  Windsor,  Conn.,  from  same  collector,  to  Michigan  (flrst  rejiorted  in  Bot.  (Jaz.  vii. 
109,  as  D.fiircafiis),  L.  II.  Bnllnj.  (Eu.,  Asia.) 
-t—  •<—  Bractlets  narrow,  attenuate,  eipialling  or  exceeding  the  calyx  :  flowers  clustered. 

D.  hahkAtis,  L.  1.  e.  409.  (Swkkt  William.)  A  smooth  ]>erennial.  1  to  a  feet  in  height: 
stems  simjile,  bearing  the  flowers  in  dense  cymose  fascicles:  leaves  lanceolate,  larg<'  for  the 
genus.  H  to  3  inches  long,  a  fourth  as  wide,  minutely  ri>ughened  on  the  edgea:  bnutletH 
filiform  from  a  lanceolate  b.ose  :  lda<les  of  petals  triangular-olxivate,  toothed,  n-tl,  purple  or 
white,  often  variegated  in  cultivation.  —  Heichenb.  Ic.  Kl.  (JernL  vi.  t.  248. —  L«»ng  culti- 
vated, and  occasionally  spontaneous  about  old  gardens.     (En.) 

D.  AuMEKiA,  L.  1.  c.  410.  (1)ki'TKoki>  I'isk.)  Annual,  I  to  2  feet  high,  covered  with  n  fine 
grayish  pubescence:  stems  branching  and  bearing  .'several  2-4-flowered  f.-j.-w  ides :  bmclii 
subnl.ite,  atteniuate,  densely  pubescent  :  flowers  scentless  :  calyx  slemler.  tuhu':«r.  7  to  s  linen 
long,  the  tcetli  very  sharp:  petals  roseate,  s]>otted  with  while;  blades  elUplical,  crenaUv 


212  CARYOPHYLLACEiE.  Dianthus. 

dentate.  —  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  314  ;  Bigel.  Fl.  Bost.  108  ;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  &  Midd.  States,  447  ;  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  195.  D.  armeroides,  Raf.  in  Desv.  Jour.  Bot.  iii.  269  (1814),  &  Precis 
Decouv.'ae  (1814).  Atocion  armerioides,  Raf.  Autikon  Bot.  29. —  Fields  and  pine  woods, 
Canada  and  Eastern  States  from  Maine  (Portland  Catalogue)  to  Virginia  and  westward  at 
least  as  far  as  Micliigan  and  Iowa  (ace.  to  Shimck)  ;  also  naturalized  and  spreading  upon 
rocky  shores  of  Vancouver  Isl.  (ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun) ;  fl.  June,  July.  Autumnal  fldwers 
in  October  noted  by  L.  F.  Ward,  and  by  others.     (Eu.,  Caucasus.) 

^  ^  .i-  Bractlets  broad,  scarious,  concealing  the  calyx. 
D.  pk6lifer,  L,  1.  c.  Annual,  a  foot  or  two  in  height:  stems  wiry:  leaves  narrow,  minutely 
'scabrous,  acute :  heads  terminal,  2  -  several-flowered,  inclosed  in  thin  dry  ovate  obtusish 
mucrona'te  imbricated  bractlets  :  flowers  expanding  one  at  a  time,  ci)hemeral :  caly.x  tubu- 
lar; the  veins  faint,  collected  into  five  groups:  petals  small,  notched,  pink  or  red.  —  Eng. 
Bot.  t.  956.  Tunica  prolifera,  Scop.  Fl.  Carn.  ed.  2,  i.  299.  —  New  Jersey,  Durand  ;  Eastern 
Pennsylvania,  Smith,  Porter;  Staten  Island,  Britton  ;  Suffolk  Co.,  Long  Island,  Ilollick ; 
Delaware,  ace  to  Commons;  Cleveland,  O.,  Beardslee ;  fl.  all  summer.  This  species, 
especially  in  its  calyx,  forms  a  transition  to  the  next  genus.     (Eu.,  Caucasus.) 

3.  TtTNICA,  Rupp.  {Tunica,  a  tunic,  probably  in  reference  to  the  close 
involucre.)  —  Slender  wiry-stemmed  herbs  with  small  mostly  linear  leaves. 
Flowers  terminal,  solitary  or  fascicled  in  small  heads.  — Fl.  Jen.  105;  Adans. 
Fam.  ii.  255,  in  part ;  Scop.  Fl.  Carn.  ed.  2,  i.  298 ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i. 
145;  Williams,  Jour.  Bot.  xxviii.  193.  — Old  World  plants  represented  in  Amer- 
ica by  a  single  species  recently  introduced. 

T  s\xfFRAGA,  Scop.  1.  c.  300.  Smooth :  stems  numerous,  slender,  branching,  curved-ascend- 
'  in'' :  leaves  small,  linear,  acute,  less  than  half  a  line  in  width :  the  lower  internodes  very 
short :  flowers  small,  numerous,  terminal,  solitary  :  bractlets  2  pairs,  scarious  except  in  the 
middle,  acute,  considerably  shorter  than  the  calyx  :  petals  notched,  pale  purple ;  blades 
a  line  in  length.  —  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  vi.  t.  246.  Dianthus  Sa.rifragus,  L.  Spec.  i.  413. 
—  Flushing,  L.  I.,  J.  Schrenk,  and  on  roadsides  near  Loudon,  Ontario,  Buriiess.  (Adv. 
from  Eu.) 

4.  G-YPS6PHILA,  L.  (ru^os,  gypsum,  and  (fnXelv,  to  love,  from  a  sup- 
posed preference  for  soil  rich  in  gypsum.)  —  Amcen.  Acad.  iii.  23  (Diss.  Chen. 
1751,  41),  &  Spec.  i.  406  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  251,  in  part ;  Reichenb.  1.  c.  t.  239-242  ; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  146;  Williams,  1.  c.  xxvii.  321.  — Old  World  herbs  of 
graceful  habit,  mostly  natives  of  Southern  Europe  and  Western  Asia.  Several 
species  are  cultivated  for  ornament ;  the  following  are  sparingly  naturalized. 

G  MfRALis,  L.  Low  annual  with  the  habit  of  Arenaria :  leaves  small,  linear,  acute :  flowers 
'scattered  in  the  forks  of  the  branches  :  pedicels  filiform,  two  or  three  times  as  long  as  the 
calvx  :  petals  pink  with  darker  veins,  emarginate,  2  to  3  lines  in  length.  —  Spec.  i.  408  ;  Fl. 
Dan.  t.  1268.  — Roadsides  and  sandy  places  from  Maine,  Miss  Blatchford,  to 'Sevf  Jen^ey, 
Brown,  and  westward  to  London,  Canada,  Dearness ;  becoming  fretpient.  (Adv.  from  S. 
and  Midd.  Eu.,  Siberia.) 

G  panictjlAta,  L.  1.  c.  407.  (Baby's  Breath.)  Perennial,  glabrous  and  somewhat  glau- 
*cous  2  feet  or  more  in  height :  leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  1  to  1^  inches  in  length:  flowers 
very' numerous  in  a  compound  panicle:  segments  of  the  c.ilyx  with  consi)icuous  white  sca- 
rious margins :  petals  scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx:  capsule  nearly  spherical.  —  Reichenb. 
1.  c.  t.  242.  —  Doubtfully  established  at  Emer.son,  Manitoba,  Foivler.  (Adv.  from  Eu.) 
5.    SAPONARIA,    L.      Soapwort.       (Latin  sapo,   soap;    S.   officinalis 

having  been  used  as  a  substitute  for  soap,  the  juice  being  capable  of  forming  a 

lather!)  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  365  ;   DC.  Prodr.  i.  365  ;  Benth.  &  Hook. 

Gen.  i.  146.  —  A  genus  of  the  Old  World  including  plants  of  diverse  habit.    Two 


Silene.  CAKV(  )ril  VLL.UK.E.  213 

rather  coarse  species  beloiigiiig  to  diircreiit  sections  of  the  g<'mis  are  spontaneouB 
in  America. 

§  1.  Vaccauia,  Dodon.  (as  gen.).  Annual:  flowers  in  a  broad  loose  flat- 
topped  corymb  :  calyx  ovate,  0-angled.  —  Pempt.  104  ;  DC.  1.  c. 
S.  VaccAkia,  L.  Glabrous  and  somewhat  f;laiicous  :  leaves  ovate  or  oliloiiK-laiiccolate,  iiessile 
and  somewhat  connate  :  calyx  with  5  sharp  lierl)aceous  anj;lfs,  the  inlerveniiiK  Jiarls  iH-injj 
wliite  and  scarious :  coroUa  rose-colored,  destitute  of  a|i])end:i;4es. — Sjiec.  i.  409;  Sims. 
Hot.  Mag.  t.  2290;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  195  ;  also  variously  referred  Iiy  aulhors  to  diipiut- 
phila,  Lyvhuis,  or  more  often  regarded  as  an  inde|icndent  genus,  Vamirin  (  V.  rulijnrix,  llimt, 
Fl.  Au.-it.  i.  518).  —  Railway  bulhust  ami  cultivated  grouml,  fre<|uent  and  sometimes  trouble- 
some in  wheattields  westward,  where  it  ixars  the  name  of  "cockle";  H.  July,  AugUHt. 
(Introd.  from  Eu.) 

§  2.  BooTiA,  Neck,  (as  gen,).  Perennials:  flowers  fasciculate-paniculate: 
calyx  cylindrical,  not  angled.  —  Delic.  Gallo-Belg.  i.  193  ;  DC.  1.  c. 

S.  OFFICINALIS,  L.  1.  c.  408.  (SoAPWORT,  BoiNCiNO  Bet.)  Perennial,  smooth,  Ij  to  2  feet 
high:  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute, 3-ribbed,  2  to  3  inches  long,  narrowed  at  tlie  bas<' ;  in- 
florescence terminal,  somewhat  pyramidal,  the  flowers  clustered  at  the  ends  of  short  branches : 
calvx  tubular,  terete :  petals  ajjpendaged  at  tlie  junction  of  the  claw  and  the  obovate  retuse 
blade,  white  or  jyink,  often  double.  — Eng.  Bot.  t.  lOGO;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  314  ;  Torr.  &  Gray, 
Fl.  i.  195.  — Roadsides  and  waste  ground,  common  ;  fl.  July  to  the  end  of  October.  (Nat. 
from  Eu.)     Tricarpellary  flowers  are  not  iiifreciueut. 

6.  SIL^INE,  L.  Catciiflv,  Campion.  (Name  from  SctXTjro?,  in  refer- 
ence to  the  viscid  excretion  of  many  species,  the  Greek  god  having  been  described 
as  covered  with  foam;  also  derived  directly  from  aiaXov,  saliva.)  —  Syst.  Nat. 
ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  372;  Otth  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  367;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  1HI>; 
Fenzl  in  Lcdeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  303 ;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  vi.  t.  2G9-30I  ; 
Benth.  &,  Hook.  Gen.  i.  147;  Rohrb.  Monogr.  der  Gatt.  Silene;  Wats.  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  x.  340,  &,  Bibl.  Index,  lOG;  Robinson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii.   130. 

A  large  genus  of  attractive  plants  inhabiting  chiefly  the  northern  temperate 

parts  of  the  Old  World,  but  also  well  represented  in  North  America,  esj.ecially 
in  the  Pacific  region.  Although  the  members  of  this  genus  present  considerable 
diversity  of  habit  and  floral  characters,  yet  the  greater  part  of  the  species  do  not 
fall  into  well  marked  groups,  and  the  elaborate  subdivision  of  the  genus  suggested 
by  Rohrbaeh  cannot  be  satisfactorily  carried  out  among  our  American  phmts. 
Many  species,  together  with  several  nearly  related  members  of  Lt/rhnis.  luive 
been  by  many  foreign  writers  transferred  to  MiUmdrium,  Riihl.  (Deutsi-h.  Fl. 
ed.  2,  ii.'274  ;  Melandnjum,  Reichenb.  Fl.  Germ.  Ex.S24).  While  a  natural  group 
is  thus  formed,  it  is  so  poorly  circumscribed  by  technical  characters  as  to  W 
almost  useless  in  classification.  The  i)artial  septation  of  the  cajisule,  usu:»lly 
adduced  as  the  strongest  character  for  the  division  of  Sllnie  and  Mtlnmiriuw,  is 
wholly  untrustworthy  in  American  species.  Thus  ^".  Virf/inira,  gt-nendly  n- 
ferred  by  continental  authors  to  Meloinirium,  often  shows  the  p:irtial  8epl;iti«>n  of 
a  Silene,  while  .S.  muhinervia.  a  good  Silene  by  habit  and  iifhiiity  to  others  of 
the  §  Conoimorp/ia,  has  often  no  trace  of  septation.  The  numlH-r  of  carpels,  the 
sole  technical  distinction  between  this  and  the  next  g.-nus,  is  in  some  cases  unfor- 
tunately variable.     Specimens  with  4  or  5  carpels  have  been  noted  e«iK'cially  in 


214  CARYOPIIYLLACE.E.  Silene. 

the  following  species  of  western  range  :   S.  HalUi,  S.  Douglasii,  S.  pectinata,  and 
S.  Wat  son  L 

§  1.  ConoLmokpha,  Otth,  I.e.  371.  Calyx  conspicuously  18-60-costate;  the 
ribs  about  equally  prominent.  —  Boiss.  Fl.  Orient,  i.  578.  Conosilene,  Fourr. 
Ann.  Soc.  Linn.  Lyon,  n.  ser.  xvi.  344.  §  Conosilene,  Rohrb.  1.  c.  89;  subg. 
Williams,  Jour.  Bot.  xxxii.  13.  — Annuals,  all  of  the  Mediterranean  region  but 
the  following  problematic  Californian  species. 

S.  multinervia,  Watsox.     Erect,  a  foot  liigh,  pubescent  throughout  and  somewhat  viscid- 
glandular  ahove  :  leaves  narrowly  oblong  or  linear,  acute  :  inflorescence  cyniose  with  uneiiual 
branches:  calyx  ovate  in  fruit,  contracted  above,  5  lines  long,  18-2;3-ribbed  :  petals  small, 
purplish,  unappendaged,  not  exceeding  the  subulate  spreading  calyx-teeth :  capsule  narrowly 
ovate;  partial  septa  at  the  base  commonly  obscure  or  wanting.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxv. 
126;  Brandegee,  Zoe,  i.  13.3,  ii.  121.     S.  Conoidea,  Brandegee,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2, 
i.  202,  &  Zoeti.  113  ;  Davidson,  Erythea,  i.  58;  not  L.  — Western  California  near  the  coast 
from  Tanialjjais  near  San  Franci.'^co,  A'.  Bntmkgee,  to  Jamuel,  San  Diego  Co.,  Orcutt.    Al.«o 
on  the  Island  of  Santa  Cruz,  Brandegee.     This  species  has  recently  s])read  rapidly  tlirough 
Southern  and  Central  California,  as  though  an  introduced  plant,  but  cannot  he  identified  as 
vet  with  any  foreign  member  of  this  small  and  well  marked  section  of  the  genus. 
§  2.    BEHENiNTHA,  Ottli,  1.  c.  367.    Calyx  ovoid  to  globular,  vesicular-inflated 
and  somewhat  contracted  at  the  orifice,  obscurely  15-20-veined,  the  veins  con- 
nected throughout  their  whole  extent  by  anastomosing  veinlets.  —  Behen,  Mcench, 
Meth.  709.     Subg.  Behen,  Rohrb.  1.  c.  77.     Subg.  Gastrosikne,  Williams,  1.  c  — 
Perennials  of  the  Old  World;  the  following  extensively  naturalized  in  America. 

S.  CrcuBALUs,  Wibel.  (Bladder  Campion.)  Glaucous :  stems  ascending,  a  foot  or  more 
in  height,  leafy  below,  smooth  or  somewhat  rough-pubescent :  leaves  opposite,  usually 
lanceolate,  acute :  bracts  much  smaller :  flowers  polygamo-dicecious,  sometimes  a  little 
zygomorphous  through  the  reflexing  of  the  upper  petals  and  declining  of  the  stamens  :  calyx 
campauulate  to  subglobose,  strongly  inflated,  glabrous,  finely  reticulated  between  the  incon- 
spicuous nerves :  petals  narrow,  2-cleft,  scarcely  crowned,  white  or  i)ink.  —  Prim.  Fl.  Werth. 
241  ;  Rohrb.  1.  c.  84 ;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  84.  S.  infata.  Smith,  Fl.  Brit, 
ii.  467;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  89;  Warming,  Bot.  Foren.  Festskr.  1890,  258.  S.  vulrjuris, 
Garcke,  Fl.  beutsch.  ed.  9,  64.  Cucubalus  Behen,  L.  Spec.  i.  414.  Behen  vulgaris,  Mcrnch, 
1.  c.  —  Fields  and  roadsides,  Xew  Brunswick  to  Brit.  Columbia  (ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun), 
Washington  State,  Piper,  and  southward  to  Tennessee,  Scribner  ;  common,  especially  east- 
ward. (Nat.  from  Eu.) 
§  3.    EusiLENE,  Godr.      Calyx  campanulate  to  cylindrical  or  clavate,  definitely 

10-nerved  (obscurely  so  in  S.  campanulata)  ;  anastomosing  veinlets  often  present. 

—  Mem.  Soc.  Sci.  Nancy,  1846,  414.     Silene  proper  and  Melandryum  in  part, 

of  European  authors. 

*   Annuals  or  biennials,  mostly  introduced. 
■^—  Inflorescence  simply  racemose,  or  subspicate ;  pedicels  solitary. 

S.  GAllica,  L.  Stem  hirsute  with  white  jointed  hairs:  leaves  spatulate,  obtuse,  mucronate, 
hirsute-pubescent  on  both  sides,  8  to  18  lines  in  length  :  racemes  terminal,  one-sided,  2  to  4 
inches  long:  flowers  more  or  less  pedicellate  :  calyx  villous-hirsute,  slender  and  subcylindric 
in  anthesis,  l)ecoming  in  fruit  broadly  ovoid,  with  contracted  orifice  and  short  narrow  spread- 
ing teeth :  petals  usually  little  exceeding  the  calyx ;  blades  obovatc,  somewhat  bifid, 
toothed  or  entire.  —  Spec.  i.  417;  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  Linnsea,  i.  40;  Polirl).  I.e.  9G.  S. 
Angh'ra,  L.  1.  c.  416.  —  Apparently  of  European  origin,  but  now  cosmopolitan;  locally  com- 
mon on  the  Pacific  Slope  from  Brit.  Columbia  to  Lower  Calif. ;  not  infrequent  in  cultivated 
fields  in  the  Atlantic  States ;  fl.  April  to  July.     The  typical  form  has  very  short  ascending 


Silene.  CAUYol'II  VI.I.ACK.i:.  215 

pedicels  and  white  or  pink  flowerH.  S.  Lusitanica ,  L.  1.  c,  a  form  with  the  lower  iH'diccIa 
eloiig:itt'd  (e(|ii!illiii<?  or  exceeding  the  calvx)  and  heconiing  iiorizontal  in  fruit,  han  In-en 
foiiiKl  at  Jolun,  Calif.,  Ihandfijie.     (Nat.  fr«»in  Ku.) 

Var.  gi  ixyi  EviLXKKA,  Kodi.  IVtal.s  nmre  showy,  suhentire,  deep  crimen  with  a 
white  or  j)ink  border. —  Synop.  Fl.  (Jerni.  &  llelv.  loo.  :>.  iiuini/uevulnera,  L.  1.  c. —  With 
the  typical  form.     (Adv.  from  Eu.) 

■♦—  -I—  Inflorescence  dichotoinously  nu-enio.so. 
S.  I'iciioTOMA,  Elirh.  Tall,  more  or  less  hirsute  and  vi.scid  :  root  annual  or  hiennial ;  leaven 
lanceolate  or  ohlaiieeolate :  flowers  sln(rt-jiedicclle(l  or  suh.xessile,  lar;i;er  tlian  in  the  preo-d- 
ing,  half  inch  in  diameter,  often  nodding  in  authesis,  but  becoming  ereit  in  fruit :  |m-u1h 
wliite  or  roseate;  blades  obovate,  more  or  less  deeply  hitid  :  calyx  cylindric  in  anthesis, 
becoming  ovate  in  fruit,  the  prominent  green  nerves  strictly  siniple,  hirsute,  —  lieitr.  vii. 
143;  Heichenb.  I.e.  vi.  t.  280.  —  Recently  and  extensively  introduced  in  New  Englan<I, 
where  it  is  becoming  a  noxious  weed  in  clover  ami  grain  fields;  al.so  ha-ally  establisiied  in 
other  parts  of  the  country;  Texas,  Xealley ;  Herktley,  Calif.,  (Inme;  H.  .June,  Julv. 
(Introd.  from  S.  Eu.  and  W.  Asia.)  Var.  rack.mosa,  Hohrb.  1.  c.  D.'i  (S.  ninmosa,  Otth,  I.e. 
384;  Boiss.  El.  Orient,  i.  589)  is  a  form  or  variety,  which  hius  been  vaguely  separated  n|Miu 
various  combinations  of  inconstant  ciiaractcrs  (chieliy  the  more  spreading  branches  and 
deeply  cleft  petals),  but  it  scarcely  occurs  in  America  cxcei)t  on  l)alla.st  (Philadelphia, 
Martindale). 

-»—  +-  H—  Inriore-scence  cymose  or  paniculate,  not  distinctly  racemose. 
++  Viscid-pubescent  or  hirsute. 
S.  NOCTIFLORA,  L.  A  coarse  species  a  foot  or  two  in  height :  leaves  Iance<date  or  ovate- 
lauceolate,  2  to  3  inches  long:  flowers  usually  few  in  loose  cymes,  fragrant:  calyx  large,  in 
fruit  ovoid,  wiiite  with  green  nerves  tending  to  anastomose ;  the  teeth  attenuate  :  petals  liifid. 
—  Spec.  i.  419;  Eng.  Bot.  t.  291  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  192;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  (Jray.  Man 
ed.  6,  83.  —  Roadsides  and  cultivated  grounds;  fl.  June  to  September.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

++  ++  Smooth  or  nearly  .so,  a  part  of  each  of  the  upper  internodes  glutinous. 
S.  antirrhina,  L.  1.  c.  (Si.eei'Y  or  Snapdragon  Catchflv.)  Stem  6  inches  to  3  feet  in 
heigiit :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate  or  linear,  commonly  acute  :  flowers  rather  niimeroiut,  small, 
ephemeral,  borne  in  a  compound  cyme;  pedicels  long,  filiform:  calyx  smooth,  green,  ovoid 
in  fruit,  about  4  lines  long,  contracted  above  ;  the  teeth  short :  ovary  scarcely  stijRMl :  jM-tals 
.small,  pink  or  white,  more  or  less  emarginate  or  bifid.  —  ( )tth,  1.  c.  376 ;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i. 
191  ;  Rohrb.  1.  c.  173  ;  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  2,  t.  66.  Siii><,u<iii<i  dioini,  Cham.  &  Schlecht. 
Linnffia,  i.  38.  Ehraris  rin/atii,  Raf.  Autikon  Bot.  29.  —  Waste  places,  common,  widely 
distributed  throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada  (aho  S.  Am.) ;  very  variable  in  si/.e 
and  foliage. 

Var.  linaria.  Wood.  "Very  slender;  leaves  all  linear  exce])t  the  lowest,  which  are 
linear-.'jpatulatc;  calyx  glol)ular.  Ga.  and  Fla."  — Class-Book,  ed.  of  1861,  256,  &.  Bot.  & 
Fl.  5;?;  Wats.  Bibl.  In.lex,  107. 

Var.  divaricata,  RoniNSON.  Very  .«lender:  leaves  linear  or  lance-linear:  braiiche.s 
filiform,  divaricate:  calyx  ovoid,  2  to  2*  lines  long:  petals  wanting.  —  Troo.  Am.  Acad, 
xxviii.  132.  —  Waltliam,  Mass.,  Buott ;  Rockf<ird,  III.,  BelAi,  Swezey.  A  very  similar  apt^talous 
form  has  been  collected  at  Ilartville,  Wyoming,  Nelson. 

S.  Armkria,  L.  1.  c.  420.  Leaves  elliptic  or  ov.ateelliptic :  flowers  borne  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches  in  small  close  cymes :  pedicels  short :  calyx  slender,  davate,  6  to  s  lines  long:  ovary 
long-stiped:  petals  pink,  subentire  or  minutely  toothed;  apiieufiages  lanceolate,  .icute. — 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  194;  Reichenb.  1.  c.  t.  284.  —  Occasion.ally  found  on  roadsides  and  iu 
fields,  having  escaped  from  gardens.     (Introtl.  from  Eu.) 

♦   *   Perennial,  subacaule.scent,  very  low  and  densely  mattod. 
S.  acaulis,  E.     (Moss  Campion.)     Clo.sely  cespitose.  an  inch  or  two  in  height  :  leavct  lin- 
ear, crowded  on  the  branching  rootstocks :  flowers  small,  2  to  3  lines  in  diameter.  !-ub>c!v«ilo 
or  raised  on  nak<'d  curved  peduncles  (2  to  6  lines  lonij) :  calyx  narrowly  cninpannlaie.  2  i<> 
3  lines  long,  glabrous;  the  teeth  short,  rounded  :  petals  purplish,  rarely  white,  entire,  n-lui*© 


21(3  CARyornYLLACE.E.  Silene. 

or  bifid,  minutely  appendaged.  —  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  603  ;  Reichenb.  1.  c.  t.  270.  Cucubalus  acau- 
lls,l..  Spec.  i.  415.  Lifchnis  acaulis,  Scop.  Fl.  Carn.  ed.  2,  i.  306.  — An  arctic  and  high 
alpine  species,  widely  distributed  and  somewhat  variable  ;  Arctic  America  to  the  White 
Mts.  •  extending  along  the  Rocky  Mts.  from  Alaska  to  Arizona  ;  also  found  in  the  Cascade 
Mts.'  (Eu.,  Asia.)  A  somewhat  caulescent  form,  with  very  slender  elongated  leaves  1  to 
H  inches  in  length,  lias  been  found  in  the  Rocky  Mts.  of  Colorado,  //((//  &  Ilurhonr,  Miss 
Eastwood,  and  Arizona,  Rothrock.  It  is  connected,  however,  with  the  typical  form  by 
gradual  transitions. 

*   *   *   Caulescent  perennials. 

^-  Species  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  and  of  the  Mississippi  Valley. 

++  Calyx  inflated,  flowers  white  or  pink,  scattered  or  panided. 

S    nivea   Muhl.     Stem  smooth  or  minutely  pubescent  above,  1 1  to  3  feet  in  height :  leaves 

*  opposite'  lanceolate,  attenuate-acuminate,  smooth  or  pulverulent-pubescent :  flowers  rather 

few,  nodding,  borne  in  the  forks  of  the  branches :  bracts  foliar :  calyx  oblong  in  anthesis, 

finely  pubescent  or  smooth ;  nerves  inconspicuous,  anastomosing,  the  teeth  short,  triangular, 

obtuse :  petals  cuneate-obovate,  bearing  two  short  blunt  appendages.  —  Muhl.  ace.  to  Nutt. 

Gen.  i.  287,  where  first  descr.  (Nutt.  evidently  miscoj)ying  the  name  S.  alba  of  Muhl.) ;  Otth, 

1.  c.  377  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  190 ;  Rohrb.  1.  c.  87.     S.  alba,  Muhl.  Cat.  45  {nomen  subnudum). 

Cucubalus  niceus,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  287.  —  Pennsylvania  and  Washington,  1).  C,  and  mountains 

of  E.  Tennessee  (ace.  to  Chapman),  to  S.  Illinois,  Iowa,  and  Minnesota;  rather  local  but 

not  rare.     Some  si)ecimens  have  been  discovered  also  at  Grono,  Maine,  by  Prof.  F.  L.  IJar- 

veij,  who  regards  the  species  as  indigenous  at  this  extra-limital  station. 

S    Stellata,  Ait.  f.     (Starry  Campion.)     Stems  2  to  3  feet  high:  leaves  in  whorls  of  4 

'  (the  uppermost  and  lowest  sometimes  opposite),  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  2  to  3  inches 

long,  half  as  broad :  flowers  in  an  open  panicle :  calyx  campanulate,  4  to  5  lines  in  length ; 

the  teeth  broad,  acuminate:  petals  laciniately  cleft,  uuappendaged.  —  [Dryander  ?  in]  Ait. 

f    Kew.  ed.  2,  iii.  84;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  100,  t.  16;  Meehan,  Native  Flowers,  ser.  l,ii.  45, 

t.  12.     Cucubalus  stellatus,  L.  Spec.  i.  414;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1107.  — Woodland,  frequent, 

E.  Massachusetts  to  Minnesota  and  Nebraska,  Ha>iden,  Clements,  southward  to  Georgia, 

Small,  and  Texas. 

++  ++  Calyx  not  inflated,  distended  only  by  the  enlarging  capsule. 
=  Flowers  white  or  rose-colored. 
S.  OVata,  PuRSH.     Pubescent  or  smooth :  stems  several  from  the  same  root,  2  to  4  feet  in 
'height:  'leaves  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  attenuate- acuminate,  3-5-nerved  from  tlie  rounded 
ba.se,  sessile,  subconnate,  3  to  5  inches  long:  flowers  borne  in  a  narrow  terminal  leafless 
panicle:    calyx  tubular,  3  to  4  lines   in   length,  10-nerved:    petals  wliite,  blades  dichoto- 
mously  cleft"  into  linear  segments.  — Fl.  i.  316;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  190;  Cliapm.  Fl.  51. 
?  Cucubalus  polj/petalus,  Walt.  Car.  141.  — Alluvial  woods,  uplands.  North  Carolina  to  Geor- 
gia and  Alabama. 
S.  Baldwinii,  Nutt.     Villous :  stems  low,  weak,  decumbent,  throwing  out  runners  :  lower 
'leaves  spatula'te,  obtuse,  with  attenuate  bases;  the  upper  oblanceolate  or  lanceolate,  acute : 
flowers  few,  very  large,  1^  inches  or  more  in  diameter,  pedicellate,  aggregated  at  the  ends 
of  the  stems:  calvx  clavate,  pubescent,  10  lines  in  length;  the  teeth  ovate-Uvnceolate,  acu- 
minate :  petals  wliite  or  pink ;  the  large  obovate  blades  fringed,  uuappendaged :    capsule 
aseptate.  — Gen.  i.  288;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  193;  Chapm.  Fl.  51.     S.fmbrlata,  Baldw.  m 
Ell.  Sk.  i.  515,  not  of  Sims.     Melandrnum  Baldwini,  Rohrb.  1.  c.  231 ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp. 
431.  —  Georgia  and  Florida;  fl.  March  to  May. 

S.  NtJTANS,  L.,  a  slender  European  species  with  narrow  leaves  chiefly  clustered  near  tlie 
base,  and  white  or  rose-colored  flowers  nodding  in  a  narrow  panicle,  has  been  found  more  or 
less  established  on  Mt.  Desert  Isl.,  Maine,  Miss  Minot,  and  has  been  collected  at  Arrocliar, 
Richmond  Co.,  N.  Y.,  by  W.  C.  Kerr  (Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  460). 

S.  Pennsylvanica,  Mkhx.  ( Wi m.  Pink.)  Viscid-pubescent :  .stems  few  or  many,  6  to  9 
inches  hi^h,  from  a  .strong  tap-root:  leaves  mostly  at  tbe  ba.se,  spatulate  or  oblanceolate. 
usually  aciuish  at  tbe  apex,  tapering  below  to  long  ciliated  petioles;  the  two  or  three  pairs 


Siletie.  CAKVOrilVLLACK.K.  217 

of  caulinc  leaves  niiirh  shorter,  l.iiicculate  or  narrowly  ol)loiig,  acute:  cvmes  Kiiiall,  tfriniual, 
dense,  rarely  more  (.pen:  calyx  clavatc,  imrpli.-li ;  tin-  teeth  HJiort  :  peliil.s  n>m'-i«»l«irc<l  or 
wliite,  appcndagcd ;  lilades  ohovate,  erose,  4  to  G  lines  in  lenj^th  :  ovary  long-stijjed. — 
¥1.  i.  '21-2  ]  Lindl.  Hot.  Hejjj.  t.  247;  Hook.  Fl.  IJor.-Ani.  i.  'JO;  tjruy,  Gen.  Jll.  ii.  42,  t.  115. 
S.  cheimnt/iouics,  I'oir.  Diet.  vii.  176.  ^'.  incarnaln,  Lodd.  Hot.  Cab.  t.  41.  .S".  jilat yjtttnld , 
Otth  in  DC.  I'rodr.  i.  .383.  Mitamlrijuin  /'eniisi/lraiiicum,  Hidirli.  1  c.  2']3,  &  Linntea,  xxxvi. 
231.  6'.  Carol inianti,  Walt.  Car.  142,  with  scarlet  or  crimson  j»etiil.s,  and  N.  ruliicundn,  Dietr. 
Allg.  (iartenzeit.  iii.  196,  with  divided  petals,  are  prohal.le  syuonyniH.  Dr.  Hritton  main- 
tains (Hull.  Torr.  Club,  xviii.  268)  that  the  former  species,  whidi  antedates  that  of 
Michaux,  was  founded  ui)on  a  plant  in  herli.  Walter  lalx-lled  "  Sihm  an  I'm/iuica." 
Walter's  species,  however,  as  the  description  shows,  was  h;u<ed  upon  two  soniewiiat  differinjy 
plants,  ami  there  is  uo  jiroof  from  the  lalielling  th;it  tiie  plant  in  ipiestion  represents  eitlier 
of  tiiem. — Open  rocky  woods,  K.  New  Kngland  to  S.  Carolina  and  Kentuckv ;  fl.  April, 
May.  Flowers  with  5  carpels  are  occasionally  found  (ace.  to  J.  Schreuk)  as  in  some  other 
species  of  the  genus. 

=  =  Flowers  crimson  or  scarlet,  large. 
a.  Petals  2-4-toothed. 
S.  Virginica,  L.  (Fire  Pink,  Catchfly.)  Viscid-pubescent:  stem  striate,  single,  simple, 
1  to  2  feet  high  :  leaves  s])atulate  or  oblanceolate ;  the  lower  ones  narrowed  to  ciliate- 
fringed  petioles;  the  upper  lanceolate,  .sessile:  flowers  very  large,  an  inch  or  more  in 
diameter,  loosely  cymose,  commonly  nodding  or  reflexed  after  anthesis:  calvx  clavatc  or 
oblong,  8  lines  in  length,  becoming  obovate  in  fruit :  petals  crimson  ;  blades  broadly 
lanceolate,  2  ( rarely  4)toothed  at  the  apex.  —  Spec.  i.  419,  in  part,  not  Willd. ;  Hook.  Hot. 
Mag.  t.  3342;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  192  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  51  ;  Meehan,  1.  c.  17,  t.  5.  6'.  Cattslxti, 
Walt.  Car.  142.  S.coccinea,  Mcench,  Meth.  Suppl.  306.  —  Common  in  open  woods,  on  rocky 
hills,  W.  New  York,  S.  W.  Ontario  (ace.  to  Macoun)  to  Minnesota  (ace.  to  Upham),  south- 
ward to  Georgia  and  Arkansas. 

S.  rotundifolia,  Nitt.  (Round-leaved  Catchfly.)  Viscid-pubescent:  stems  weak, 
decumbent,  branched:  leaves  rather  large,  varying  from  broadly  lanceolate  to  subrotund, 
rather  abruptly  pointed  ;  'the  lower  ones  contracted  at  the  base  to  winged  petioles:  flowers 
large,  showy,  scattered  or  in  loose  cymes  :  calyx  tubular,  10  to  13  lines  in  length,  abrupt  at 
the  base,  becoming  clavate  but  not  ol)ovate  in  fruit :  petals  liright  scarlet ;  blades  8  lines 
in  length,  deeply  bifid  ;  lobes  more  or  less  toothed  :  seeds  smaller,  smoother,  and  d.lrker 
colored  than  in  the  preceding — lien.  i.  288;  Otth,  1.  c.  383;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  192. 
Melandri/inn  rotundlfolium,  Hohrb.  Monogr.  Sil.  234,  &  Linna-a,  xxxvi.  257 ;  Wats.  Hot. 
King  Kxp.  431.  —  S.  Ohio  (al)undant  at  Ash  Cave,  Hocking  Co.,  ace.  to  Selby),  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  and  (ace.  to  Chapman)  Alabama;  rather  local ;  fl.  June  to  August. 
b.  Petals  entire  or  nearly  so. 

S.  regia,  f^ms.  (Royal  CATniFLV.)  Viscid-glandular  above,  finely  pulvernlent-pul)e.scent 
I)flo\v  :  stems  tall,  erect,  rather  rigid,  simple  or  sparingly  br:uiched,  leafy:  leaves  ovate, 
acuminate,  3- 7-nerved  from  the  rounded  sessile  base;  tlie  lowest  more  or  less  contnicted 
below:  flowers  showy,  in  a  narrow  oblong  panicle:  calyx  cylindrical,  10  to  12  lines  long, 
becoming  somewhat  spindle-shapeil  in  fruit:  petals  spatulate-lanceolate,  subentire,  scarlet. 
—  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1724;  Sweet,  Hrit.  Fl.  Gard,  n.  ser.  t.  313  ;  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  193.  .S.  Vir- 
(finica,  form,  Michx.  F'l.  i.  272.  "  S.  Illinocnsis  (Mx.),"  Kellerman.  (Jeol.  Oliio,  vii.  pt.  2, 
178,  careless  .synonym,  as  Michaux  employs  the  word  Illimfiisis  merely  in  giving  the  distri- 
bution. Melnnflri/inn  ri(jiiim,  A.  Br.  Flora.  1843,  372.  M.  Illiiuifnsf,  Hohrl).  Linnaa.  xxxvi. 
250.  —  Prairie-s,  Ohio  to  Georgia  (aic.  to  Chapman)  ami  westward  to  Missouri,  Arkansaa, 
and  N.  W.  Indian  Terr.,  Dliiidhm/ii/i ;  fl.  June  to  August. 

S.  subciliata,  Rohinson.  Stem  strict,  erect,  glabrous:  lenve.s  narrowly  linear-oblong, 
sliglitly  tlcsliy,  glabrous  on  the  surfaces  but  sparingly  cili;»ted  on  the  margin.  Ij  to  2  inchoM 
long,  obtn.sely  pointed  with  callous  tips  anil  narrowed  below  to  short  winged  and  ciliati-d 
petioles:  inflorescence  slender,  elongated,  racemiform;  the  lower  flowers  distant:  cal\x 
glabrous,  cylindric,  10  lines  in  length  :  petals  witli  elliptic  entin»  olitiis**  bl.-xdcs  and  lancool.-jio 
entire  appcnd.iges.  —  Pror.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  327.  —  "  Texas  and  Louisiana,"  HV»<//i/.  A 
distinct  species,  but  never  reiliscovered  and  iience  poorly  known. 


218  CARYOPHYLLACE.E.  Silene. 

H—  H—  Rocky  Mountain  and  Pacific  species. 
++   Flowers  large,  rather  few,  scattered:  calyx  cylindrical  or  clavate  in  anthcsis,  8  to  12 

lines  long:  corolla  (except  in  S.  Pcirishii)  usually  more  tliau  10  lines  in  breadth;  petals 

4-oc -cleft,  very  rarely  bifid:  stems  leafy. 

=  Corolla  deep  red. 
S.  laciniata,  Cw.  Finely  pubescent :  root  narrowly  fusiform  :  stems  erect  or  decumbent, 
somewhat  rigid,  knotty  below;  the  branches  ascending:  leaves  lanceolate  to  narrowly 
linear,  scabrous,  ciliolate,  narrowed  to  a  sessile  base:  fiowers  terminal  on  the  branches: 
calvx  subcylindric  or  clavate  even  in  fruit,  10  lines  in  length  :  petals  bright  scarlet,  4-cleft 
or  very  rarely  bifid :  capsule  essentially  oblong,  scarcely  at  all  ovate,  commonly  exserted  at 
maturity.  —  Ic.  vi.  44,  t.  .564;  Lindl.  Bot.  Keg.  t.  1444;  Gray,  VI  Wright,  ii.  17;  Wats. 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  341.  6\  pulchra,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  675,  in  part.  .S'.  speciosa,  Paxt. 
Ma"-.  Bot.  X.  219.  S.  simulans,  Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  63.  Li/cliitis  pulchm,  Cham.  &  Schlecht. 
Liunaa,  v.  234.  —  Central  California  to  New  Mexico.     (Mex.,  Lower  Calif.) 

Var.  Greggii,  Watson.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate  to  ovate,  otherwise  not  differing 
essentially  fmm  the  type.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  341,  &  Bibl.  Index,  108.  6".  Gre(/<jii,  Gray, 
PI.  Wrigiit.  ii.  17.  Melandri/um  lacinkttum,  var.  Greggii,  Rohrb.  Monogr.  Sil.  232.  M.  Greggii, 
Rohrb.  Linna^a,  xxxvi.  2.56.  —  W.  Texas,  Nealleg  (ace.  to  Coulter) ;  New  Mexico,  Wriyld, 
Thnrber,  Matthews;  Arizona,  Buckmiuster,  Lemmon.  (Mex.,  Gregg.) 
S.  Californica,  Dcrand.  Root  simple,  strong,  penetrating  vertically  to  a  depth  of  2  to  3 
feet :  stems  several,  procumbent  or  suberect,  leafy  :  leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate-elliptic,  more 
or  less  narrowed  to  the  base,  acumiiiate,  rarely  obtusish  :  corolla  more  than  an  inch  broad ; 
petals  variously  cleft,  most  commonly  with  two  broad  lobes  flanked  by  two  narrower  ones: 
capsule  ovoid,  concealed  until  dehiscence  by  the  rather  broad  calyx.  — PI.  Pratt.  83;  Brew. 
&  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  64.  S.  pulchra,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  675,  in  part.  S.  Virginica,  Benth. 
PI.  Hartw.  299.  «S.  laciniata,  var.  Californica,  Gray,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  vii.  146 ; 
Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  341.  6\  Tilingi,  Regel,  Act.  Hort.  Petrop.  i.  99.  Melandrgum 
CaHfornicum,  Rohrb.  Linnaa,  xxxvi.  252.  —  Coast  Mts.  of  Currie  Co.,  Oregon,  Howell, 
southward  through  N.  and  Central  California  to  Ft.  Tejou,  Xanthns,  and  perhaps  farther. 
Sul)ject  to  much  variation  in  foliage,  the  following  being  perhaps  the  best  marked  of  tlie 
varieties. 

Var.  SUbcordata,  Robinson.  Leaves  ovate,  suborbicular,  shortly  acuminate,  closely 
sessile  by  subcordate  bases.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii.  136.  —  Blue  Canon,  Placer  Co., 
Calif.,  Kellogg,  Brandegee. 

=  =  Corolla  white  or  roseate,  much  exserted :  seed-coat  more  or  less  roughened  but  firm. 
S.  Wrightii,  Gray.  Very  glutinous :  rootstock  thick,  ligneous  :  stems  several,  ascending, 
a  foot  or  more  in  length,  branching,  leafy  :  leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  1|  to  2  inches  long, 
sessile ;  the  lower  attenuate  below :  calyx-teeth  filiform-attenuate,  nearly  half  as  long  as 
the  tube :  petals  white,  4-cleft ;  the  lol)es  somewhat  toothed :  capsule  on  a  stipe  of  nearly 
its  own  length.  — PI.  Wright,  ii.  17;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  110.  Melandri/um  Wrightii,  Rohrb. 
Linnjea,  xxxvi.  253;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  431.  —  Mountain  sides  near  the  copper  mines. 
New  Mexico,  Wright  (no.  862). 
S.  Hookeri,  Nutt.  Covered  above  with  a  fine  grayish  pubescence :  root  single,  stout : 
stems  several,  short,  slender,  decumbent :  leaves  oblanceolate,  rather  numerous  and  approxi- 
mate, 2  to  3  inches  in  length,  acute  or  obtusish :  flowers  very  large  :  calyx-teeth  acute,  but 
not  filiform:  petals  4-cleft,  white  or  pink. — Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  193;  Hook.  f. 
Bot.  Mag.  t.  6051  ;  Fl.  Serres,  t.  2093  ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  341 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c. 
S.  BoUxnderi,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  330,  viii.  378;  Bolander,  Cat.  6.  Melandrjpim 
Hookeri  &  M.  Bolanderi,  Rohrb.  1.  c;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  431.  —  Woodlands,  W. 
Oregon  and  N.  W.  California ;  fl.  June,  July. 

==  =  ==  Corolla  white  or  nearly  so,  scarcely  exserted :  seed-coat  vcsicularly  roughened 

or  crested. 

S.  Parishii,  Watson.     Somewhat  grayish-pubescent  or  green:  root  simple,  thick,  with  a 

branching  rootstock:  stems  .several,  decumbent,  a  span  long:  leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate, 

sessile,  1  to  2  inches  long ;  the  lower  oblanceolate :  flowers  aggregated  at  the  ends  of  the 


Silene.  C'A  It  Vol'l  I  VI.LACK.E.  219 

liruiK  lies:  talyx  tubular,  narrowed  below,  an  iucb  long,  with  narrow  suliulate  teeth  (.'{  to  4 
lines  in  length)  :  ])elals  narrow,  siarccly  exserted  fronj  the  ealyx,  <left  into  4  or  nmro 
filiform  segments:  seeds  doubh-  crested  with  short  vesieular  hairs.  —  I'roi-.  Am.  Aead.  x\ii. 
366.  —  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Ciilif.,  I'arish  Bros.;  also  uu  drv  summit  uf  'I'anwilz  Uidgc, 
San  Jaeinto  Mts  ,  //.  .1/.  Hall;  fl.  August. 

++    ++    Flowers  smaller,  not  ordinarily  exceeding  6  or  8  lines  in  diameter. 
=   Flowers  bcniie  in  the  forks  of  the  branches  and  forming  a  leafy  inflorescence:  calvx 

oblong  or  caini)annlato :  leaves  lanceolate  to  orl)icular. 
S.  campantllata,  W.\tsox.  Finely  glandular-puliescent :  root  thick,  simple :  nK.tstmk 
i)ran(hing,  somewhat  woody  :  stems  slender,  erect,  leafy  :  leaves  se.ssile,  lanceolate  :  flowen* 
on  short  detlexed  peduncles:  calyx  green,  broadly  campanulate,  reticnlate-veined,  t(Mjihed 
nearly  to  the  middle:  pet;ils  narrow  ;  the  limb  cleft  into  4  or  more  flesh-colored  segments* : 
capsule  globular,  3  to  4  lines  in  diameter.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Aca<l.  x.  341  ;  Hrew.  &.  Wats.  1.  c  63. 
—  Mountainous  districts  of  N.  California  and  S.  Oregon. 

Var.  Greenei,  Watson.  More  pubescent  throughout :  leaves  ovate :  petals  greenish 
white.  —  Wats,  in  Robinson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii.  137.  —  California,  S'reka,  Urtfur, 
'Jrinity  Co.,  Bimikinshlf)  ;  Oregon,  Canonville  and  Wolf  Creek,  Iloutll  Bros.,  Ashland, 
Henderson.     Apparently  the  cummonest  form. 

Var.  orbiculata,  Kouinson,  n.  var.  Tomentulose  :  leaves  shorter,  rotund  in  general 
outline,  half  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  very  short  acuminate  tip,  broadly  cordate  and  amplexi- 
caul  at  the  base.  —  l^levated  ledges  above  Iletteu  Chow,  Trinity  Co.,  Calif.,  Blankinship, 
2:i  June,  1893. 
S.  Menziesii,  Hook.  Finely  glandular-pubescent:  stems  weak,  leafy,  dichotonion.'ilv 
branched  above,  6  inches  to  a  foot  or  more  in  height:  leaves  ovate-lanceidate,  acuminate  at 
each  end,  thin:  flowers  very  small  for  the  genus:  calyx  obconical,  olxtvate,  or  obl.nig,  onlv 
2^  to  4  lines  in  length :  petals  w  bite,  2-cleft,  commoidy  but  not  always  unajijiemlaged : 
cajisule  \\  to  2  lines  in  diameter.  —  F'l.  Bor.-Am.  i.  90,  t.  30;  Torr.  &  Cray,  Fl.  i.  193,  676; 
Kohrb.  Monogr.  Sil.  147.  5.  steltarioides,  Nutt.  in  'I'orr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  193.  N.  Durrii, 
Kellogg,  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  iii.  44,  f.  12.  —  From  S.  Missouri,  Blankinship,  Xebriska, 
Williams,  to  Assiuiboia,  and  westward  and  suuthwestward  to  Vancouver  Isl.,  S.  California, 
and  New  Mexico. 

=  =  I'lowers  few,  rather  small,  white  or  nearly  so,  nodding,  borne  in  a  lax  naked  panicle  : 
petals  cleft  into  four  or  more  narrowly  linear  almost  filiform  segments:  styles  long- 
exserted  :  leaves  small,  lanceolate,  chiefly  clustered  upon  the  more  or  le.ss  cesjiitoiJc  \<;isc. 
S.  Lemmoni,  Watson.  Smoothish  and  green  or  more  or  less  hoary-pulicrulent,  finely 
glandular  and  viscid  aliove :  root  single ;  rootstock  considerably  branched:  stems  slender.  6 
to  14  inches  high,  bearing  3  to  6  loosely  paniculate  or  subracemose  flowers:  leaves  oblance- 
olate  to  linear-oblong,  acute :  calyx  in  fruit  obovoid,  more  or  less  narrowed  below ;  nerves 
green,  those  of  the  short  ovate  lanceolate  teeth  rather  broad  :  j)etals  with  spatulate  jinbc.s- 
cent  claws;  blades  divided  into  4  linear  filiform  segments;  ajtjtendiiges  linear,  entire: 
seeds  reddish  or  ashy. —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  342;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  G4.  ^■. 
Palineri,  Wats.  1.  c.  xi.  124;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  6.5,  an  in<ii.stinguishable  form  of  S.  Calif. 
S.  longisti/lis,  F'ngelm.  in  Wats.  1.  c.  xxii.  469,  merely  a  narrow-leaved  and  somewhat  fniws- 
cent  form  of  the  north.  —  Mountainou.>*  regions  from  Ashland  Butte,  S.  Oregon,  througlniut 
California  to  Cui:imaca  Mts.,  San  Diego  Co.,  Palmer;  fl.  May  to  July.  The  time  .vpecies 
here  united  are  now  known  from  fairly  copious  intergrading  material  which  leaves  no 
doubt  that  the  supi>osed  specific  differences  are  of  a  trivial  and  inconstant  nature. 

==  =  ==  Inflorescence  as  in  the  preceding:  petals  2-cleft  into  linear  .segments:  stxles  wry 
long,  the  exserted  ])ortion  as  long  as  the  calyx. 
S.  Bridgesii,  Kohrb.  Pube.scent  and  vi.scid  :  stems  leafy,  usually  simjile  up  to  tlie  infl.ins. 
cence,  a  foot  or  more  in  height :  leaves  se.«sile,  lanceulate.  acute,  1  \  to  2  inches  long :  flowers 
slender-pedicelled.  verticillately  racemo.se  or  .somewhat  paniculate,  nodding:  calyx  narn.wly 
oblong  or  clavate  in  anthesis,  broadly  olnnate  in  fruit  :  the  teeth  acute;  the  pnnripnl  nerve.-* 
broad,  green;  the  commissural  much  narrower.  seMom  anastomosing  with  the  others: 
petals  half  to  three  fourths  inch  long,  considerably  e.xserted,  wliiu>  or  purplish:  uceds  \crjf 


220  CARYOPHYLLACE.E.  Silene. 

large,  finely  tiiberculate,  red.  —  App.  Ind.  Sem.  Berol.  1867,  5,  &  Monogr.  Sil.  204;  Wats. 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  342 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  66.  S.  incompta.  Gray,  rruc.  Am.  Acad.  vii. 
330  [S.  Enrjelmannl,  Kohrb.  Linusea,  xxxvi.  264),  is  a  form  of  the  same  species,  differing 
from  the  type  only  iu  the  somewhat  broader  lobes  of  the  petals  and  in  the  obtuse  appen- 
dages.—  California,  Yosemite  Valley,  Brid(j(s,  Gray;  Mt.  Bullion,  Bolander ;  Danah,  Cong- 
don.    A  closely  similar  if  not  identical  plant  has  been  found  by  Rattan  on  the  Klamath  River. 

==  =  =  =  Flowers  scattered,  or  variously  paniculate  (in  S.  wontana,  var.  ri(jidnla,  aud 
sometimes  in  5.  repens,  denser  and  subspicate  or  thyrsoid) :  styles  included  or  somewhat 
exserted,  but  not  so  long  as  in  the  preceding. 

a.  Fruiting  calyx  ovate,  not  contracted  below,  filled  and  distended  by  the  subsessile 
capsule. 

S.  Thurberi,  Watson.  Densely  grayish-pubescent  and  glandular :  stems  erect,  2  feet  high, 
somewhat  rigid,  with  ascending  branches  :  leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  contracted  below,  sessile, 
2  to  4  inches  long:  flowers  small,  ratlver  numerous:  calyx  cylindric  becoming  narrowly 
ovate,  green  and  white  striped,  densely  pubescent;  tiie  teeth  slender  with  fimbriate-laciniate 
margin :  petals  white,  little  exceeding  the  calyx ;  claws  rather  broad  with  upwardly  pro- 
duced auricles ;  blades  bifid  with  short  oblong  lobes,  each  with  a  small  lateral  tooth ;  ap- 
pendages oblong,  obtuse :  capsule  narrowly  ovoid,  scarcely  stiped ;  seeds  tuberculate  and 
distinctly  crested.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  343.  S.  plicata,  Wats.  1.  c.  xvii.  366.  —  Near 
Janos,  S.  W.  New  Mexico,  Thurher ;  peak  south  of  Rucker  Valley,  Arizona,  Leintnon.  (Chi- 
huahua, Pringle,  H  art  man ;  Sonora,  Hartman.) 

S.  pectinata,  Watson.  Stems  several,  erect,  1|  to  2^  feet  high:  leaves  lanceolate  or 
oblauceolate,  acute  or  acuminate  ;  the  lower  long,  tapering  into  winged  petioles ;  the  upper 
more  or  less  reduced  :  flowers  purplish  rose-colored,  6  to  8  lines  broad :  calyx  becoming 
ovate  in  fruit :  the  teeth  lance-linear  to  filiform,  elongated,  usually  exceeding  the  mature 
capsule :  petals  with  narrow  claws  destitute  of  auricles ;  blades  obovate,  bifid ;  lobes 
rounded;  appendages  lanceolate,  entire :  capsule  large,  ovate.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  344; 
Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  65.  —  Plumas  Co.,  Calif.,  Mrs.  Awes,  Sierra  Co.,  Lemmon; 
Carson  City,  Nev.,  Anderson.  The  typical  form  is  very  viscid-glandular  and  somewhat 
branched. 

Var.  subnuda,  Robinson.  Scarcely  vi.scid  :  stems  subsimple :  radical  leaves  almost 
smooth,  the  cauline  much  redvxced.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii.  140.  Li/chnis  nuda,  Wats. 
Bot.  King  Exp.  37,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  248,  is  with  scarcely  a  doubt  merely  a  5-carpelled 
form  from  the  Humboldt  Mts.,  Watson.  —  Near  Empire  City  and  at  Frauktown,  Nev., 
Jones. 

b.  Capsule  distinctly  stiped  :  calyx  relatively  narrow,  cylindric  or  in  fruit  clavate  or  obovate 
and  usually  rather  distinctly  contracted  about  the  stipe  of  the  capsule. 

1.  Petals  4(-x)-fid. 
S.  Oregana,  Watson.  Finely  pubescent  and  very  viscid,  fetid :  stems  one  or  more,  erect, 
simple  up  to  the  racemiform  or  rather  densely  cymose-paniculate  inflorescence :  the  lower 
leaves  oblanceolate,  narrowed  below  to  long  petioles ;  the  upper  leaves  lanceolate  or  lance- 
linear,  sessile :  petals  white ;  claws  spatulate,  glabrous,  distinctly  auricled  at  the  summit ; 
blades  2  to  3  lines  long,  variously  cleft  into  4  to  6  or  more  linear  segments :  stipe  of  the 
ovoid  capsule  about  2  lines  long.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  .343;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  —  Moun- 
tains of  Oregon  and  Washington  to  Montana ;  fl.  April  to  August. 

S.  montana,  Watson,  1.  c.  Finely  pubescent:  stems  erect  from  a  more  or  less  decumbent 
base,  4  to  14  inches  high:  leaves  lance-linear  or  narrowly  oblanceolate,  acuminate,  1  to  2.V 
inches  in  length;  the  cauline  3  to  4  pairs:  inflorescence  varying  from  subsjjicate  to  panicu- 
late ;  flowers  rarely  solitary :  calyx  6  to  9  lines  in  length :  petals  greenish  white  to  rose- 
colored,  exserted  2  to  4  lines  :  ovary  long-stiped  :  capsule  acutish.  —  Near  Carson  City,  Nev., 
Anderson  ;  Sierra  Co.,  Calif.,  Lemmon.  S.  Shockleyi,  Wats.  1.  c.  xxv.  127,  from  the  White 
Mts.,  Mono  Co.,  Calif.,  is  apparently  only  a  high-mountain  form  of  the  same  species. 

Var.  rigidula,  Robinson,  1.  c.  Stems  simple,  a  span  high,  slightly  rigid  :  leaves  short, 
less  than  an  inch  in  length,  thickish  and  stiff:  flowers  white,  subspicate.  —  Franktown, 
Nev.,    Jones. 


Silene.  CAKYOI'JIYLLACEJ:.  221 

S.  OCCidentalis,  Watson.  ViscidKlaiuluhir,  2  feet  hifjii :  Bteiris  one  or  two  from  a  ftiiijjle 
strong  root,  hraiitlied  above:  k-avt-s  hiiKL'tilaie  or  oMaiRLMilute,  '>  to  :i  iijilie«  loii;^ :  Huwers 
ill  a  very  loose  open  panicle:  calyx  elongatefi,  cyliiidric,  hecoiniiif,' davate  in  fruit:  jietali* 
I)urple,  4-cleft  into  lanceolate  segments;  hlades  narrowed  gradually  into  cunc-at^'  ilawn, 
tlie  latter  devoid  of  auricles;  aj)]icndages  linear:  cajisule  idilung,  upmi  a,  «ii|K'  2  lines  in 
len<itli.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  .'U.t ;  Hrew.  &  Wats.  I.e.  C4.  —  < ':ilif..rnia,  without  special 
locality,  Boluiuhr :  I'lunKis  Co.,  L,  mmun,  Mrs.  Austin;  IJutte  Co.,  Mis.  liiilinll;  Alpine 
Co.,  Hansen  ;  Modoc  Co.,  Baker. 

2.  Petals  with  a  (.sometimes  small  hut)  well  marked  hilid  hhuic,  each  IoIk;  sometimes  beuring 
a  very  small  lateral  tooth. 

O  Hlades  nearly  or  qnitc  a.s  long  as  the  glahrous  claws. 

S.  repens,  P.vtuiv.  Finely  and  densely  puherulent :  stems  .several  from  a  branched  and 
cniiiini^  rootstock,  leafy:  leaves  thinnish,  lanceolate,  attenuate  both  ways:  intiore.Mcnco 
ratlier  dense,  often  thyrsoid,  hut  sometimes  more  loosely  jianiculate :  caly.\  ]iurplish,  Tj  or  6 
lines  in  length:  spreading  limb  of  the  rose-purple  petals  2  or  :i  lines  in  length,  with  retu.so 
or  entire  segments;  appendages  oblong,  entire :  carpophore  very  lujig,  often  equalling  or 
exceeding  the  fruit. —  I'atrin  in  I'ers.  Syn.  i.  .'iOO;  Ledel).  Ic.  t.  42.'> ;  K.  Hnmdegee,  Zee, 
iv.  84.  5.  purjturala,  (Jreene,  I'ittonia,  ii.  22a.  —  Porcupine  Kiver  in  the  interior  of  N. 
Alaska,  Turner,  S.  Centr.  Montana,  Ri/dbcrff,  Flodman.  (N.  Asia  and  Caucasus  Mts.) 
O  O  Blades  much  shorter  than  the  claws;  these  pubescent  below. 

S.  verecunda,  Watson,  1.  c.  344.  Low,  6  to  18  inches  in  height,  finely  pubescent  below, 
glandular-viscid  above :  stems  several,  leafy  especially  near  the  base :  leaves  narrowly  lan- 
ceolate, oblanceolate,  or  spatulate,  to  linear,  acute :  Howers  terminal  on  the  short  branches 
of  the  inflorescence  or  borne  in  3-flowered  lateral  cymes:  calyx  .«oon  becoming  davate  or 
obovate  by  the  develo])nient  of  the  broad  ovoid  cajisnle :  calyx-teeth  with  membranons 
ciliated  margins:  petals  ro.se-colored ;  claws  glabrous,  narrowly  or  more  broadly  aurided ; 
blades  2-cleft  into  short  entire  or  slightly  toothed  oblong  segments ;  appendages  oblong  or 
lanceolate,  blunt  and  often  somewhat  toothed  at  the  apex.  —  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  65.  S.  En- 
gelmarini,  var.  Belirii,  Hohrb.  I^inna;a,  xxxvi.  264.  S.  plati/ota,  Wats.  1.  c.  xvii.  366,  merely 
a  .slender  form  of  southern  range.  S.  Luisaiia,  Wats.  1.  c.  xxiii.  261,  narrow-leaved  form 
not  satisfactorily  se])aral)le  from  the  tyy)e.  —  Central  California  from  Mt.  Diablo  (ace.  to 
Greene)  and  near  San  Francisco  (first  coll.  at  Mission  Dolores  by  Bolander)  to  San  Luis 
Obispo,  J.  G.  &  5.  A.  Leinvion,  and  southward  chiefly  in  the  mountainous  regions  to  the 
Cuiamaca  Mts.,  Palmer ;  H.  midsummer.  (Lower  Calif.,  Orcult.)  This  species  has  long 
been  regarded  as  local,  yet  patient  .search  has  faileil  to  show  satisfactory  or  constant  charac- 
ters to  distinguish  the  type  from  the  more  southern  forms  here  included,  whicli  greatly 
extend  its  range. 

S.  Sargentii,  Watson.  Cespitose,  minutely  pubescent :  stems  numerous,  slender,  erect, 
6  inches  high :  leaves  linear  or  nearly  so,  inch  or  two  long,  a  line  or  so  in  breadth ;  the 
radical  crowded,  covering  the  rootstock  witli  their  slightly  enlarged  and  imbricated  ba.ses; 
the  cauline  2  to  3  pairs:  calyx  cylindrical,  7  lines  long;  teeth  short :  petals  white  or  pink; 
claws  exserted,  with  broad  laciinately  cleft  auricles;  blades  short,  obovate,  bifid  ;  segments 
each  bearing  a  small  lateral  tooth  :  cajjsule  well  stipcd,  cylindrical,  very  slender,  at  maturity 
scarcely  more  than  a  line  in  diameter:  seeds  tuberculate-crested.  smooth  on  the  faces. — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  290.  — Table  Mountain,  Monitor  Range,  N.  Nevada,  Sar<j<nt.  Kuowu 
from  a  single  specimen  only. 

3.  Petals  with  large  spatulate  claws;  the  almo.st  obsolete  blades  consisting  merely  of  two 
very  .short  entire  blunt  or  triangular  teeth;  appendages  4,  very  small  and  entire:  viscid- 
glandular  species  of  Itiaho  and  Washington. 

S.  Spaldingrii,  Watson.  Vi.sciil-tomento.se:  stems  several,  knotty,  a  foot  high,  very  leafy; 
branches  appressed  or  a.scending:  leaves  lanceolate,  sessile.  1^  to  2  inches  long:  flowers 
subs|)ic.ite  or  ai)pre.s.sed  cymose-panicnlate :  calyx  in  fruit  obconical,  nion-  herbaieons  than 
usual  in  the  genus,  net  veined  nearly  to  the  base;  teeth  rather  large,  triangular  lancfHilato, 
acuti.sh:  petals  greenish  white,  not  exceeding  the  calyx;  daws  bro.-jdly  aurided;  blade« 
bifid,  very  short  indeed,  scarcely  surpassing  the  four  small  ap|)enilages :   capsule  orate- 


222  CARYOPHYLLACE.E.  Silene. 

oblong,  moderately  stiped.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  344.  —  On  the  Clear  Water,  Central  Idaho, 
Spalding;  on  the  Ininaha,  Union  Co.,  Oregon,  Cusick;  fl.  September, 
c.    Calyx  broader,  oblong,  canipanulate  or  rarely  obovate,  rather  loosely  surrounding  the 
ovarv,  sometimes  narrowed  downward  but  not  distinctly  contracted  about  the  carpo- 
phore. 

1.   Petals  divided  into  4  nearly  equal  segments:  appendages  fringe-tootlied. 

S.  Bernardina,  Watson.  Covered  with  a  fine  grayish  pubescence  below,  finely  glandular 
above:  caudex  branching:  stems  several,  slender,  erect,  8  to  12  inciies  high,  furrowed,  1-5- 
fiowercd  :  leaves  grass-like,  narrowly  linear,  half  line  to  line  in  breadth,  1  nerved,  acute  : 
terminal  flower  devehjping  first,  the  lower  ones  borne  upon  l)ranches  1|  to  2  inches  long: 
buds  acute :  calyx  green-nerved ;  teeth  lanceolate,  ai'utish,  witli  membranous  ciliated  mar- 
gins: petals  white  with  rather  short  blades;  claws  witii  broad  laciniate  auricles;  appendages 
4,  long;  the  inner  ones  broad  and  toothed :  capsule  moderately  stiped.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 
xxiv.  82.  —  On  shady  slopes,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.,  at  Long  Meadow,  A//;«er,  near  Whitney 
Meadows,  Coville  &  Fuitsfon. 

2.   Petals'bifid ;  each  segment  with  or  without  a  smaller  lateral  tooth. 
C  Low,  .3  to  8  inches  in  height. 

S.  Grayii,  Watson,  1.  c.  xiv.  291.  Cespitose,  minutely  pubescent  and  glandular:  rootstock 
elongated,  much  branched;  stem  simple,  erect,  4  to  6  inches  high,  l-.'j-flowered :  leaves 
short,  oblanceolate  or  spatulate,  slightly  fleshy,  4  to  8  lines  in  length,  the  radical  numerous, 
crowded  ;  the  cauline  about  3  pairs :  calyx  broadly  cylindrical ;  teeth  rounded  :  ])etals  pinii, 
with  blades  deeply  bifid,  the  segments  each  bearing  a  lateral  tootli ;  claws  narrowly  auricled  : 
capsule  short-ovoid,  scarcely  stiped.  —  Robinson,  Bot.  Gaz.  xvi.  44,  t.  G.  —  Mt.  Sliasta,  above 
the  timber  line  and  near  snow.  Brewer,  Hooker  &  Grai/,  Engelmunn,  Packard,  Prtnylt ; 
Scott  Mts.,  Engelmaim. 

S.  Suksdorfii,  Robinson,  1.  c.  Low,  densely  matted,  alpine  :  stems  2  to  3  (rarely  4  to  ;->) 
inclies  high,  simple,  1-3-flowered,  minutely  pubescent  below,  glandular  above:  cauline 
leaves  about  2  pairs,  linear  spatulate,  3  to  7  lines  long,  a  line  wide,  obtusisli ;  radical  leaves 
numerous,  crowded,  similar  or  somewhat  spatulate  :  calyx  broadly  cylindric  or  canipanulate, 
seldom  exceeding  5  lines  in  length;  nerves  conspicuous,  simple  below,  anastomosing  above : 
petals  white,  little  exceeding  the  calyx,  shallowly  bifid ;  lobes  entire ;  appendages  oblong, 
retuse:  stipe  of  capsule  1|  lines  long.  —  California  to  Washington,  Mt.  Stanford,  Hooker 
&  Gray;  Mt.  Paddo,  Suksdorf;  Mt.  Hood,  Howell;  Mt.  Stewart,  Brandegee ;  Mt.  Rainier, 
Piper. 

S.  Watsoni,  Robinson.  Finely  glandular  above,  minutely  pubescent  or  nearly  smooth  be- 
low :  steins  many,  cespitose  from  a  multicipital  caudex,  erect,  very  slender,  simple,  4  to  10 
inches  in  height,  bearing  1  to  5  or  more  flowers :  leaves  narrowly  linear  or  very  narrowly 
oblanceolate,  acute,  dark  green  ;  the  radical  numerous,  an  inch  in  length,  seldom  exceeding 
a  line  in  breadth ;  the  slender  petioles  expanding  at  the  base,  closely  imbricated  and  con- 
nate by  scarious  membranes  :  calyx  ovate  or  somewhat  obovate,  5  to  6  lines  in  length,  with 
purple  more  or  less  anastomosing  nerves ;  teeth  witli  membranous  margins :  petals  white  or 
rose-colored  ;  blades  short,  a  line  in  length,  bifid ;  each  segment  usually  bearing  a  short 
lateral  tooth;  appendages  obtuse:  styles  ordinarily  3,  rarely  4.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii. 
143.  Lychnis  Call/ornica,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  248  ;  Coville,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Herb.  iv.  70.  L.  Parryi,  Wats.  1.  c  ,  of  W.  Wyoming,  is  apparently  tliis  species,  although 
the  single  specimen  on  which  it  was  based  is  4-5-carpelled.  In  the  absence  of  other  differ- 
ences its  separation  on  this  (probably  inconstant)  character  is  highly  artificial.  —  California, 
near  Kbbett's  Pass,  Brewer;  Mt.  Dana,  Bolander ;  Sierra  and  I'lumas  Cos.,  /yPmwo;(,  south- 
ward to  Mineral  King,  ace.  to  Coville,  1.  c. ;  and  northward  to  tlie  Siskiyou  and  Cascade 
Mts.,  Oregon,  Howell,  and  Wasliington,  Piper.  The  antiiers  ai'e  often  iufe.sted  by  UstiUigo 
antherarum,  and  in  consequence  enlarge  and  turn  purple. 
O  O  Taller. 

S.  Douglasii,  Hook.  Finely  pubescent,  scarcely  viscid  :  stems  very  slender,  usually  de- 
cumbent and  geniculate  at  the  base :  leaves  remote,  long,  linear  to  narrowly  lance-linear, 


ISilene.  CAK  VOIMI  V  LI.ACK.E.  223 

attenuate  to  each  eml,  sprcadiiij;,  2  to  .3  indies  long,  1  to  2  lines  wide  :  flowera  Ixjnic  niwtk 
in  3-flo\veie(i  long-])e(Uinrleii  lynies:  calyx  oblong  or  oli.ivaii-,  nitlu-r  narrow  at  tite  luiw ; 
tlie  ends  of  the  tooth  surrounded  by  ovate  obtuse  intiexod  nieniliranes :  |tcialH  wliite  or 
piniv,  2-lohed ;  segments  olituse  ;  claws  moderately  auricled ;  apjx-ndagi's  olilong,  oliiuse: 
capsule  narrowly  cylintlrical,  5  lines  long;  teeth  recurved;  stipe  I i  lines  long  — Fl.  Hor- 
Am.  i.  88;  Torr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  I'.IO ;  Wats.  Hot.  King  F.xj..  .-IG.  4.31,  &  1'pm-.  Am.  Acad.  x. 
341  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  GO.  '.  S.  Lijullii,  Wats.  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  :i42,  in  part 
(as  to  pi.  Leinmon),  a  form  witii  snuill  Howers  in  a  pathological  state,  the  anthers  U-ing 
infested  with  Ustilmio  uittheifiniw.  Lin-lmis  elatn,  VVats.  1.  c.  xii.  24'J,  in  part  (iw  to  pi. 
Bunri/cdii),  merely  5-carpelleii  individual.  CuchIiuIks  iJoiii/luxii,  Fat.  Man.  ed.  7,  2G0. — 
Wasatcli  Mts.,  Utah,  to  Ccnlral  Cahfornia,  northward  to  Montana  and  Hrii.  C'i)lumbia ;  i\. 
June  to  September.  A  common  and  p<dymor]>iious  species,  of  vNJiich  the  following  are  the 
chief  varieties  ;  all  of  them  tending  to  intcrgrade  witli  the  type,  and  .-icparated  from  ii  and 
eacii  other  by  no  constant  or  imjjortant  Horal  ciiaracter. 

Var.  multicaulis,  Kohinsox,  I.e.  I44.  tirayisli-tomentulo.«e  and  le.ss  glandular: 
leaves  more  appro.ximate,  narrowly  lanceolate  or  oi)long,  taper-pointed,  erect :  stems  more 
rigid.  —  .6'.  mnltirdiilis,  Nutt.  in  'I'orr.  &  (iray,  V\.  i.  192.  H.  JJiummoudIi,  var.,  Torr.  & 
(Jray,  Fl.  i.  675.  —  "Oregon,"  Nntlull ;  Washington,  Yakima  Co.,  lirandegee  (no.  655  in 
part)  ;  Klikitat,  Howell ;  Spokane  Co.,  Suksdorf,  liamm  ;  N.  Idaho,  Si>aiduuj,  Sandberg  ; 
Montana,  Scribner,  Cunhi/. 

Var.  Macounii,  Kobinson,  I.e.  Minutely  pubescent,  somewhat  glandular  above: 
leaves  distant,  long  and  narrow,  short-pointed,  tapering  very  gradually  from  near  the  a|)ex 
to  the  base :  calyx  oblong,  rather  short,  4  to  5  lines  in  length,  narrow  ;  teeth  purple-tii)|ied  : 
styles  in  specimens  studied  3  to  4,  very  rarely  5.  —  S.  Lj/allii,  \Vats.  i'roc.  Am.  Acad,  x  .'{42, 
as  to  pi.  Li/all  (])atliological  form  with  anthers  infested  by  L'stiiago  authtrnruin).  S.  wnlll- 
caitlis,  Macoun,  Cat.  Canad.  I'l.  i.  494.  6".  Macounii,  Wats.  I.e.  xxvi.  124;  Maconn,  Hot. 
Gaz.  xvi.  286.  —  Washington,  Li/all,  Brandt  gee  (no.  653  in  part)  ;  Hrit.  Columbia,  summits 
of  Rocky  and  Selkirk  .Mts.,  Maroun,  iJawson. 

Var.  macrocalyx,  Houixson,  1.  c.  145.  Tall,  puberulent  or  nearly  smooth  :  leaves 
narrowly  lanceolate  or  linear,  attenuate  both  ways:  calyx  long,  cylindrical,  7  to  8  lines  iu 
\^.J^crth.  —  Iluiiil.oldt  Mts.,  W.  Nevada,  Watson  ;  Mt.  Paddo,  Washiiigton,  Suksdorf,  I/ou>ll. 

Var.  viscida,  Rouinson,  1.  c.  Clandular-viscid,  especially  above  :  stems  erect,  rigid, 
mostly  simple  from  a  branched  slightly  woody  hsme:  calyx  liroa<lly  oblong  or  almost  cam- 
panulate,  relatively  short:  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate  to  linear-oblong,  thickish.  —  Hrit. 
Columl)ia,  at  Kicking  Horse  I'ass,  Macoun;  Washington,  Olympic  Mts.,  l^ipir,  Mt.  Stewart, 
Saiidherij  &  Leilun/,  Vakima  region,  Brandegee. 

Var.  brachycalyx,  Rohinson,  1.  c.  Puberulent,  not  vi,-<cid  :  leaves  distant,  sjireading, 
narrowly  oblanceolate.  attenuate:  calyx  short  and  broad,  campanulate.  —  <  iregon,  Multnt>- 
mali  Co.,  and  on  Sanvie's  island,  Hou-ell ;  Wa.shington,  Skamania  Co.,  Sidsdnrf. 

Var.  monantha,  Rouixson,  1.  c.  Nearly  or  (pnte  smooth  :  stems  very  slender  and 
■weak,  rising  from  a  spreading  much  branched  ba.«e :  leaves  thin,  lanceolate  or  linear-oblong 
and  grass-like,  narrowed  both  ways  :  flowers  solitary,  terminal,  or  3  to  5  and  loo.sely  cymosc: 
calyx  obloug-campanulate,  inflated.  —  5.  monantha,  Wats.  1.  c.  x.  340;  Hrew.  &  Wats.  1.  c. 
63.  — Cascade  Mts.,  Washington,  Harford  &  Dunn;  Webber  Lake,  Calif.,  l.fmmon;  N. 
Utah  {?),  Parr  11. 
S.  SCaposa,  Ronixsov,  1.  c.  Finely  puberulent.  somewhat  viscid  above :  stem  erect,  sub- 
simple,  almost  naked,  1  to  U  feet  high,  rather  rigid  :  raiiical  leaves  thickish,  oldance«.late. 
acute,  3-nerved,  somewhat  glaucous.  2  to  3  inches  in  length,  3  to  5  lines  broad  ;  canlinc 
leaves  reduced  to  1  or  2  pairs  of  distant  bracts  :  inflorescence  a  narrow  rigiil  panicle :  flowers 
small,  erect:  calyx  oblong  or  elliptic  in  outline,  with  simple  green  nerves:  |M'tals  white, 
scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx ;  blades  short,  refuse ;  claws  with  somewhat  saccate  auricles; 
append.iges  short,  obtuse  :  ovary  shortly  stiped.  —  Oregon,  Blue  Mts.,  Sfvius  :  Cold  Camp 
(no.  355)  and  Currant  Creek,  fh.  Howell ;  fl.  May. 


=  =  ^  =  =  Inflorescence   denser,   subspicately    paniculate   or    forming  an   elongato<l 
thvrse :  styles  included  or  moderately  ex.>«erted. 

S.  Hallii,  Watson,  1.  c.  xxi.  446.     Stems  sevenil.  from  a  .••tout  root,  simple,  densely  glandul.ir- 
pubesceut,  6  iuches  to  \\  feet  high:    leaves  oblanceohite.  acute,  taperint:  to  the  booo.  tho 


224  CARYOPIIYLLACE.E.  Sllene. 

midrib  prominent  below:  flowers  verticillately  spicate,  nodding:  calyx  even  in  anthesis 
broad,  oblong  or  campanulate  becoming  obovate,  strongly  marked  with  purple  or  green 
nerves ;  those  at  the  commissures  irregularly  anastomosing  with  the  others  and  frequently 
double;  teeth  triangular,  acute,  with  membranous  incurved  margins:  petals  jmrple,  not 
greatly'  exceeding  the  calyx  ;  claws  very  broad,  laterally  ciliate ;  blades  short,  bifid ;  seg- 
ments" somewhat  obli<iue,"ofteu  toothed :  capsule  ovate  on  a  short  stipe.  —  6'.  Scouleri  of 
various  authors,  not  Hook. ;  thus  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  405,  &  Proc.  Acad. 
Philad.  1863,  38  ;  Porter  &  Coulter,  Fl.  Col.  12;  Wats.  1.  c.  x.  342,  in  part;  Coulter,  Man. 
Kocky  Mt.  Keg.  32,  in  part.  Lychnis  elata,  Robinson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii.  148,  as  to 
plant's  of  Colorado,  not  Wats.,  5-carpelled  form.  — Alpine  regions  of  Colorado,  Hall  &  Har- 
bour, Greene,  French,  Brandegee,  Patterson;  a  doubtful  specimen  from  Arizona,  A'/ii>i/-/^o;j  ; 
fl.  August,  September. 

S.  Scouleri  Hook.  Pubescent,  glandular-viscid  above:  root  stout:  stems  simple,  1^  to  2^ 
feet  high:  leaves  narrowly  oblauceolate  or  lance  linear,  acuminate,  not  at  all  warty: 
inflorescence  (5  to  8  inches  long,  verticillately  spicate,  or  the  lower  flowers  borne  in  sliort 
appressed  cymes  :  calyx  clavate  ;  nerves  definite,  but  anastomosing  above  ;  teeth  sliort  with 
broad  membranous  margins,  ciliate :  petals  white  or  purjdisli ;  claws  witli  rather  narrow 
slightly  laciniate  auricles;  blades  bifid;  segments  emarginate  or  tootiied ;  appendages 
bhmt:  carpophore  2  lines  long.— Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  88;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  191;  Kohrb. 
Monogr.  Sil.  213.  S.  Drummondii ,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  377.  Elisanthe  Scouleri, 
Ruprec'iit,  Fl.  Cauc.  i.  200.  —  Frecpient  in  mountainous  districts  of  Oregon  and  Idaho  to 
Vancouver  Isl.  and  "  Northwest  Coast,"  Menzies;  Colorado,  Brandegee ;  fl.  July,  August. 

S.  Pringlei,  Watson.  Habit,  inflorescence,  and  calyx  of  the  last :  leaves  very  long,  usually 
narrow  and  attenuate,  both  surfaces  roughened  (especially  in  the  older  leaves)  with  fine 
warts :  petals  purplish,  bifid  ;  segments  each  bearing  a  lateral  tooth  ;  auricles  rather  broad ; 
appendages  saccate  :  capsule  ovate-oblong,  well  stiped.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  269.  — 
Mt.  Graham,  Arizona,  Roth  rock ;  New  Mexico,  Fendler,  Greene.  (Chihuahua,  Primjle, 
Ilartman.) 

7,  L'^f'CHNIS,  Tourn.  Cockle.  (Name  ancient,  from  Xvx^o<;,  a  lamp, 
in  reference  to  the  bright  color  of  certain  European  species.)  —  Inst.  333,  t.  175 ; 
L.  Gen.  no.  381;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  385;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  194;  Endl.  Gen. 
972-974;  A.  Br.  Flora,  1843,  369;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  vi.  t.  303-308; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  147;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  246;  Baill.  Hist.  PI. 
ix.  108  ;  Robinson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii.  147.  Lychnis,  Melandnjvm  (in 
part),  &  Viscaria,  Pax  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  lb,  70,  73. 
Lychnis,  Coronaria,  Viscaria,  Eudianthe,  &  Melandryum  (in  part),  Williams, 
Jour.  Bot.  xxxi.  170,  171.  —  A  considerable  and  as  here  taken  rather  composite 
genus,  chiefly  of  Europe  and  Asia,  and  too  closely  allied  to  Silene.  The  number 
of  carpels  is  far  from  being  satisfactory  as  a  crucial  character  in  separating  the 
genera,  and  if  applied  consistently  (as  by  Dr.  Watson,  1.  c.)  leads  in  our  western 
species  of  Silene  to  artificial  results.  Yet  it  is  deemed  best  for  practical  reasons 
to  keep  the  genera  separate,  even  if  the  division  is  based  (as  between  Arenaria 
and  Stellaria)  upon  a  single  and  not  wholly  trustworthy  character.  Examination 
of  a  number  of  specimens  seems  to  show  that  in  American  species  the  characters 
of  partial  septation  of  the  capsule,  division  of  the  valves,  inflation  of  the  calyx, 
are  very  variable,  and  do  not  lead  either  individually  or  in  combination  to  more 
definite  or  satisfactory  results.  The  indigenous  species  are  western  or  arctic 
{L.  alpina  extends  eastward  and  southward  to  Lower  Canada),  but  several  intro- 
duced European  species  have  become  more  or  less  common  in  the  Atlantic  and 
Middle  States,  and  in  Canada. 


Lychnis.  CAK V(  )ril  VLLACK.K.  ^2.J 

§  1.  Ellvciims,  FoiizI  («'xteiulfil).  Tt-.^tli  of  tli<-  usually  more  or  Icsh  iiillat.d 
calyx  not  twisted:  ovary  unicellular  at  the  base:  capsule  with  its  five  valves 
normally  bifid,  but  sometimes  indistinetly  so  or  entire.  —  Fenzl  in  Kndl.  1.  c.  974. 
Melnndriiim,  Rolil.  JXutscli.  V\.  ed.  2,  ii.  ;;7,  27  1.  Milandryiim  of  authors  in 
great  part. 

*  Native  species,  westeru  or  arctic:  leaves  iiarruwiv  hmcei.lati-,  spaiuLitc  or  linear;  tlie 
radical  usually  uumerou.s  aud  the  cauline  few. 

•I-  Tall:  stems  erect,  usually  a  foot  or  more  in  lieijilit,  several -many-Howe  red :  s|»e<ie« 
ranging  from  Winnipeg  to  the  Sierra.s,  but  chieHy  of  the  Uocky  Mountains,  tliough  ui>t 
truly  alpiue. 

L.  Drummondii,  Watson.  Finely  grayish-pubescent  tliroughout,  often  purple-glandular 
al)ove:  rout  stout,  vertical :  stems  erect,  simple,  somewhat  rigid  :  leaves  narrow  ;  the  lower 
ohlauceolatc  ;  the  uj)per  lance-linear:  flowers  ou  long  usually  appres-sed  pedicels:  calvx  in 
the  typical  form  ol)loug-(ylindric  or  .scarcely  ovate,  with  green  nerves  :  petals  small,  incimlcd 
or  scarcely  exserted,  white  or  jmrplish,  with  the  short  liifid  mimUely  apjiendaged  Idades 
narrower  than  the  claws:  capsule  sessile;  seeds  uniforndy  tulM-nled,  not  distinctly  crested. 

—  Bot.  King  Exp.  .37,  4:32,  &  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  248.  A.  (iinliiln,  (iniy,  Am.  .lour.  Sei. 
ser.  2,  xxxiii.  405,  in  part.  L.  aixtdhi,  var.  paurijl„ra,  I'orter  in  Ilayden,  ]{cp.  IMTo,  47.1. 
Silene  Drummondii,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  89;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  IHI,  in  j.art  ;  Itohrli. 
Monogr.  Sil.  i.  83.  S.  Srouleri,  Wel.her,  App.  to  Cat.  Fl.  Xeh.  ;}(»;  Hritton.  Hull.  Torr. 
Cluh,  XX.  344.  Elisanthe  Drummondii,  Hu])recht,  Fl.  Cauc.  i.  2(X). —  K.  Minnesota,  .V((7- 
don,  and  Winnipeg,  Boiirgeau,  Assinihoia,  Mucoun,  to  the  Pacific  Slope  at  Ft.  Vancouver 
and  .southward  especially  in  mountainous  regions  to  New  Mexico  and  Arizona;  H.  summer; 
very  variable,  especially  in  pubescence.  A  lanate  form  has  been  found  in  the  WiMnijK-g 
Valley,  Dourgeuit  ;  another  form  with  broad  thinnish  leaves,  purple  glandular  pubescence, 
and  more  ovate  calyx,  iu  the  Uintas,  Watson,  aiul  at  Gray's  I'eak,  UooLtr  &,  (jray, 
Patterson. 

-»-   -I—  Alpine,  bijreal,  and  arctic  species. 

++   Calyx  ovate,   not  strongly  inflated  :  flowers  on  each  stem  3  or  ."J,  densely  aggregated, 

rarely  solitary  :  petals  exserted:  seeds  tuberculatc. 

L.  triflora,  K.  Br.     Viscid-tomentose :  stems  3  to  8  inches  high :  leaves  thickish,  linear- 

olilong,  often  consi)icuou.sly  ciliate  :  flowers  short-pedicelled  :  caly.x  with  10  broad  indistinct 

purple  or  green  nerves :  petals  white  or  roseate ;  blades  obcordate ;  claws  scarcely  aurided. 

—  U.  Br.  in  Kos.s,  Voy.  App.  cxlii,  name  only;  Somnierfelt,  Mag.  Naturv.  ii.  151,  152 
(1824)  ;  Wats.  1.  c.  247.  L.  apctala,  var.  paiirificra,  I)ur.  PI.  Kane.  189.  L.paucijlora,  I)ur. 
I'roc.  Acad.  Philad.  1863,  94.  A'/rostemma  trijlma,  Don,  Syst.  i.  417.  Melandrium  trlfhinim, 
Liebm.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  235r);  Rohrb.  Linna;a,  xxxvi.  231.  ]\'<ilill»njf'lla  Iridoni,  Frie.s  Sumnm 
Scand.  155.  —  Creeidand,  from  Polaris  Bay,  /irssfl,  southward;  (Irinnell  Land,  (Irrfli/. 

Var.  Da"Ws6ni,  Koiunson.  Calyx  with  principal  nerves  double  or  triple,  joined  l>y 
interlacing  veinlets ;  the  intermediate  nerves  beneath  the  sinuses  incons|iicuous  or  wanting: 
petals  verv  narrow;  blades  oblong,  bifid,  hardly  to  be  distinguished  from  the  narrow  claws. 

—  I'roc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii.  149.  —  Gravel  banks,  N.  Brit.  Columbia,  UH)  miles  northeast  of 
Dea.se  Lake,  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson. 

++  ++  Calyx  ovate,  scarcely  inflated:  flowers  erect  or  slightly  nodding  in  anthesis  :  stems 
usually  1-flowered,  occasionally  loosely  several-flowered. 

=  Arctic  or  sulvarctic  sjiecies. 
L.  Taylorse,  Kohinson,  l.  c.  150.  Very  slender,  1  to  Ii  feet  high,  pnberubiit.  nearly  sm.^.th 
bilow,  irbmdnlar  aliove:  stem  erect,  l)earing  3  to  4  pairs  of  li-aves  and  two  <ir  time  long 
slencler  almost  filiform  1-3-flowered  bmnches  :  leaves  thin,  lance-linear,  acute  or  nttennnte 
both  ways,  finely  ciliate,  and  ])ube.>i<-ent  upon  the  single  nerve  l.eneath.  otherwise  glabrat««. 
2  to  2^  inches  in  length  :  flowers  terminal  or  subterminal  on  the  branches:  calyx  ovatf.  inA 
much  inflated,  alM.ul  4  lines  long,  in  anthesis  only  2  lines  in  <liameter,  with  green  nerves 
interlacing  above;  teeth  obtu.se.  with  broad  green  membranous  ciliate  margins:  |»otal.«  one 
and  a  half  times  ius  long  as  the  calyx  ;  blades  ol>cordate,  Ij  lines  hmg,  c«>nsidenibly  l>nia<ler 

15 


226  CAKYOPIIYLLACE.E.  Lychnis. 

than  the  slender  narrowly  auricled  claws;  appciulages  lauce-oblong.  —  Peel's  Riv.,  at  the 
delta  of  the  Mackenzie,  Mixx  E.  Tuijlor,  July,  1892.  A  fragmentary  sj)ecinieii  from  tlie 
Kowak  Riv.,  N.  Alaska,  McLenegan,  may  be  doubtfully  referred  to  this  species. 
L.  affinis,  Vahl.  Glandular-pubescent,  3  to  6  inches  high :  leaves  oblanceolatelinear,  9 
lines  to  3  inciies  in  length  :  calyx  ovate-elliptic,  usually  contracted  at  the  mouth  :  petals 
white  or  pink;  lilades  narrow,  entire  or  retuse,  narrowed  from  near  the  end  to  tlie  summit 
of  the  more  or  less  distinctly  auricled  claws ;  appendages  oblong.  —  Vahl  in  P>ies,  Maut. 
iii.  36.  L.  trijlora,  Ilorncm.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2173.  L.  apetdia,  Hook.  f.  Arct.  Tl.  321,  in  part. 
Melandrium  affine,  Vahl  in  Liebm.  Fl.  Dan.  xiv.  5,  obs.  Wahlhergella  affinis,  Fries,  Summa 
Scand.  155.  Melandryum  involucratnm,  var.  affine,  Rohrb.  Linnaja,  xxxvi.  217.  —  Greenland 
to  Labrador,  at  Hama,  Sonihorger.  (N.  Eu.,  Siberia.)  Warming  (Videiisk.  Selsk.  Forhand. 
1886,  129)  states  tliat  in  Norway  the  flowers  are  of  two  kinds,  perfect  and  pistillate,  and  tiiat 
the  petals  in  the  latter  are  devoid  of  appendages  and  auricles. 

=  =  Rocky  Mountain  and  western  alpine  species. 

L.  montana,  Watson.  Glandular-pubescent :  root  thickish,  subsimple  :  stems  erect,  2  to  4 
inches  liigh  :  leaves  linear,  I  to  U  inches  in  length:  calyx  green-  or  rarely  purple-nerved, 
5  to  6  lines  long ;  teeth  short,  scarcely  acute  :  petals  narrow,  about  etpialling  or  a  line  or 
two  exceeding  the  calyx  ;  blades  small,  bifid  ;  claws  narrow,  one  half-  to  three  fourths  line 
in  breadth  ;  appendages  small  or  absent :  filaments  naked  :  capsule  sessile  or  nearly  so.  — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  247,  exd.  specimens  from  the  Uintas.  L.  npetala,  Gray,  Am.  Jour. 
Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxviii.  405,  &  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1863,  58,  in  ])art.  L.  Kingii,  var.  with  naked 
filaments,  Wats.  1.  c.  247.  —  Mountains  of  Colorado,  Parry,  Hall  &  Harbour,  Scovill,  Wolf; 
N.  W.  Wyoming,  Parry. 

Li.  Kingii,  Watson.  Densely  covered  with  a  very  short  pubescence,  somewhat  glandular 
above  :  stems  slender,  erect,  4  to  6  inches  high,  1-2-flowered  :  leaves  narrowly  linear:  blades 
of  the  petals  rather  short  and  broad,  emarginate  ;  claws  with  broad  ciliated  auricles  ;  appen- 
dages oblong;  filaments  pubescent.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  247,  e.xcl.  Wyoming  plant.  L. 
Ajnnensisf  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  37.  —  Peaks  of  the  Uintas,  N.  Utah,  Watson.  Dr.  Wat- 
son (1.  c.)  states  that  this  species  can  be  readily  distinguislied  from  L.  apetala,  with  which  it 
grows.  Aside,  however,  from  the  position  of  tlie  flower  in  anthesis  and  the  longer  slightly 
ex.serted  petals,  the  material  at  hand  fails  to  sliow  any  definite  distinctions.  In  view  of  the 
considerable  variation  of  L.  apetala  in  Asia  these  differences  are  not  very  satisfactory. 

++  -H-  ++  Calyx  large,  much  inflated,  almo.st  globose :  flowers  commonly  penduloias  in 
anthesis  :  seeds  margined  :  stems  l-flowered  except  in  var  elatior. 

Li.  apetala,  L.  More  or  less  viscid-pubescent :  stems  2  to  6  inches  higli :  flowers  perfect  or 
pistillate,  at  first  pendulous,  but  becoming  erect  in  fruit :  petals  in  the  typical  form  included  ; 
blades  short,  bifid  ;  segments  rather  irregular,  sometimes  with  a  small  lateral  lobe  ;  claws 
auricled.  — Spec.  i.  437  ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  806.  L.frir/ida,  Schrank,  Pflanz.  Lab.  25.  L.  montana, 
Wats.  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  247  (so  far  as  the  Utah  specimens  are  concerned).  Ayrosttmma 
ajietala,  Don,  1.  c.  i.  416.  ^felandryum  apetalum,  Feuzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ro.ss.  i.  326 ;  AVarming, 
Bot.  Foren.  Festskr.  1890,  251,  f.  25,  26.  Wahlhergella  apetala.  Fries,  1.  c.  — N.  Greenland 
and  Grinnell  Land  to  Labrador  (ace.  to  Macoun)  and  Alaska,  also  southward  along  the 
Rocky  Mts.  to  Montana,  Canhy,  and  Uintas,  N.  Utah,  Watson.  A  polymorphous  species, 
the  forms  of  which  have  been  elaborated  by  Regel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxiv.  pt.  2, 
570-574. 

Var.  glabra,  Regel.  Glabrous  throughout,  otherwise  as  in  the  type.  —  Regel,  1.  c. 
570,  572.  —  Rocky  Mts.  of  Brit.  America,  Bourgeau  ;  St.  Paul's  Isl.,  Alaska,  Elliott ;  Sclima- 
giu  Isl.,  Harrington.  The  Alaskan  form  differs  from  Bourgeau's  plant,  upon  which  the 
variety  was  founded,  in  having  much  larger  thinner  leaves. 

Var.  elatior,  Regel  (extended).  Pubescent,  taller,  6  to  12  inches  in  height :  stems 
commonly  several-flowered:  petals  sometimes  considerably  exserted.  —  Regel,  1.  c.  573, 
including  var.  mncropetat a,  so  far  as  the  American  specimens  are  concerned.  —  Kodiak  Isl. 
and  northward  in  Alaska  to  Kotzebue  Sound,  ace.  to  Regel. 

*   *   Species  of  the  Old  World  adventive  in  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States  and  in  C'aniida: 
corolla  much  exserted. 


Lychnis.  C A  11  V<  )I'||  Vl.l. ACK.K.  227 

-I—  Leaves  usually  large;  tlie  cauline  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanconlatc :   flowcri*  niojiilv  dia-- 
cinus:  valves  of  the  capsule  dislinctly  atootlied. 

L.  i>ii>l(A,  L.  (Kku  Lvciims,  Uki>  Cami-ion.)  Flowers  iiKHJorous.  expnndinf;  in  the  morn- 
iiij< :  calyx  oblong,  rather  short,  4  to  C  lini-s  long,  reddish  ;  teeth  triangular-lance<dale,  acute  : 
corolla  red  or  pink  (rarely  while):  capsule  large,  gh.hose.  with  a  wide  mouth;  H-eth  re- 
curved. —  S])cc.  i.  437,  in  part;  Wats,  Hihl.  Index.  1(>4  ;  Maconn,  Cat.  ("anad.  IM.  i  G'J  ; 
IJritton,  Mem.  Torr.  {'Inli,  v.  14'J  ;  Hook.  i<:  Jackson,  Ind.  Kew.  ii.  la'J  (excl.  syn.  in  part). 
L.  (/iiima,  Siltth.  Fl.  Oxou.  145  ;  Keichenh.  1.  c.  t.  .•104.  MfUmdiium  mlrrstre,  Uohl.  l)eiit«<-lil. 
Fl.  ed.  2,  ii.  274.  M.  rubrum,  (larcke,  Fl.  DeuLschl.  cd.  4,  ftS.  —  Wjiste  ground,  cotuinon, 
especially  in  Canada  and  the  Atlantic  States.     (Adv.  from  Ku.,  Asia;  also  in  (Greenland.) 

Li.  Alha,  Mill.  (KvKNiN(i  Lvchms,  Wiiitk  Cami'Ion.)  Flowers  fragrant,  o|K>ning  in  tlio 
evening:  calyx  green,  longer  than  i.i  the  preceding;  teeth  lance-linear,  atiennate :  condia 
njore  commonly  white :  capsule  ovate-conical ;  teeth  erect  or  slightly  spreading.  —  Diet.  ed. 
8,  n.  4.  L.  dioirti,  var.  $,  L.  Sjiec.  i.  437.  L.  vesfwriiuu,  Sihtli.  Fl.  O.xon.  I4f..  Mrlnntlryum 
album,  Garcke,  1.  c.  5.').  —  Halhust  and  waste  lands,  sometimes  hy  roadsides  an<l  in  cultivated 
fields,  chiefly  eastward.  This  and  the  last  preceding  sj»ecies  are  not  alw.iys  clearly  distin- 
guishable, notwithstanding  the  rather  consjiicnous  differences  exhiliited  hy  the  extreme 
forms.  lu  Europe  fretiuent  natural  hyhrids  lietween  tluni  li;ive  Iteeu  noticed.  (Adv.  from 
the  Uld  World.) 

•4—  -4—  Flowers  jierfect :  valves  of  the  capsule  5,  entire 

L.  Fi.os-crrn.i,  L.  (Ragued  Kobin.)  A  slender  sniootliish  perennial,  with  furrowed 
sometimes  minutely  roughened  stem,  IJ  to  2  feet  high  :  lower  leaves  oldanceolati- ;  the  ujuht 
lauce-linear  :  calyx  ohiong-ovate,  eipially  lO-riMied  :  Howers  cymo.se-))aniculate  :  |»etals  pink 
or  red,  cleft  to  below  the  mi<lille  into  4  linear  acute  segments.  —  Spec.  i.  A'.\(< ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  5'JO; 
Eng.  Bot.  t.  57.T;  Keichenb.  1.  c.  t.  306.  Coromiriu  Flos-ruculi,  A.  Hr.  Flora.  184."J,  36S. — 
Moist  fields,  New  Hrunswick,  New  England,  and  New  York.  (Adv.  from  Eu.,  X.  Asia.) 
L.  CnAi.CEn6MrA,  L.  I.e.,  the  Scarlet  Lychnis  or  "Scarlet  Lightning."  a  tall  Japanese 

species  with  ovate  leaves  and  globular  clu.sters  of  scarlet  flowers,  has  been   known  to  j>er«i.-t  in 

a  wild  state  in  thickets,  etc.,  Centr.  and  S.  Maine,  Fcmnlil,  Ihaui ,  and  doubtless  in  other  re- 

gious,  where  commonly  cultivated.     (Introd.  from  .Japan.) 

§  2.  ViscXria,  DC.  (extended).  Caly.v  not  inflati-d ;  tfctli  not  twisted: 
ov.ary  septate  at  the  base ;  teeth  of  the  capsule  as  many  as  the  styles.  —  Fl.  Fr. 
iv.  7G1;  Endl.  Gen.  973.      Vlscaria,  Rbhl.  Deutschl.  Fl.  ed.  2,  ii.  37,  275. 

L.  alpina,  L.  1.  c.  Smooth,  biennial  or  perennial,  erect,  2  inches  to  a  fiwit  in  height  :  leaves 
numerous,  clustered  at  the  base,  linear  or  oblong,  thickish  ;  the  cauline  2  to  4  jiairs,  erect  or 
ascending:  flowers  small,  the  <lensely  clustered  cymes  forming  a  terminal  hea<l  :  bnicts 
conspicuous,  memliranaceous,  tipped  with  red  :  calyx  sh(>rt-cam])anulate  or  turbinate,  mem- 
branaceous, scarcely  nerved  ;  teeth  bright  red  :  petals  pink,  bifiii  ;  segments  linear.  —  Torr. 
&  (iray,  Fl.  i.  194;  Keichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  vi.  t.  307  ;  Wats.  1.  c.  246.  Lijchnis  Surciat, 
Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  881.  —  Greeidand  to  Labrador,  W.  Newfoundland,  ace.  to  Macoun,  and 
Mt.  Albert,  Quebec,  Allen,  Macoun  ;  al.xo  Little  Whale  Kiv.,  Ilud.>ion  Bay,  ace.  to  Mai-oun. 
(Eu.,  Siberia.) 
§  3.    AouosTi^MMA,  Fenzl.     Caly.v-teeth  filiform,  twisted:  flowers  U\\\  larjio  : 

petals  with  conspicuous  awl-shaped  ajipendaixos  :   teeth  of  the  capsuh-  as  many  as 

the  styles:  plant  woolly.  —  Fenzl   in  Kiidl.  (J«ii.  'J7I.      (^aroiKtn'a  §  Pseudmjnh- 

stemma,  A.  lir.  Flora,  1H.13,  SfW. 

L.  <ouoNXrMA,  Desr.  (Mi  i.i.kin  Tixk.)  Covered  with  dense  white  wind  throughout  :  stem 
\\  to  3  feet  high:  leaves  oval  or  (ddong:  calyx  ovoid;  the  alternating  ribs  mort*  prom- 
inent; teeth  small,  much  shorter  than  the  tube:  jK'tals  large,  crim.non.  —  Desr.  in  l-ini. 
Diet.  iii.  643.  Arjrostemmn  Coronnria,  L.  I.e.;  Curtis.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  24  ;  Siblh.  Fl.  Gr.  t.  452: 
Heichenb.  1.  c.  t.  :{08.  Coronaria  tomenl»s<i,  A.  Br.  1.  c.  —  A  hamlsomo  plant,  which.  liMvinK 
cscajjed  from  cultiv.ation.  is  e.«Jtablished  and  becoming  Im-ally  abundant  in  ncveral  jdace*  in 
New  England  .antl  the  Middle  States.     (Introd.  from  S.  Eu.,  W.  Asia) 


228  CARYOPHYLLACEiE.  Agrostemma. 

8.  AGROSTfiMMA,  L.  Corn  Cockle.  (Name  from  dypos,  field,  and 
o-T€>/;ia,  crown.)  —  Gen.  no.  371)  ;  Pax,  1.  c.  70.  Githago,  Desf.  Cat.  Hort.  Par. 
266;  Baill.  Hist.  PL  ix.  108.  Lychnis  §  Githago,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  387;  Benth. 
&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  148.  —  A  genus  of  two  species,  both  natives  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean region ;  one  of  them  growing  in  cultivated  fields,  now  cosmopolitan,  having 
been  widely  disseminated  in  grain  seed.  Although  often  united  with  Lychnis, 
these  species  through  the  different  relative  position  of  the  carpels  and  petals  seem 
to  deserve  rank  as  a  separate  genus,  especially  if  Sagina  is  to  be  kept  distinct 
from  Arenaria  upon  the  same  ground. 

A.  GithAgo,  L.  Annual  or  biennial,  covered  with  a  long  silky  appressed  or  spreading  pubes- 
cence:  stem  \\  to  3  feet  high,  somewhat  branched:  flowers  few,  long-peduncled :  leaves 
linear,  acute,  2  to  4  inches  in  length  :  corolla  1  to  U  inches  in  diameter ;  petals  obovate,  dark 
purplish  red,  somewhat  lighter  toward  the  claw,  and  witii  small  black  spots :  calyx-teeth 
usually  an  inch  or  more  in  length.  —  Spec.  i.  43.5;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  576;  Eng.  Bot.  t.  741; 
Reichenb.  1.  c.  Lychnis  Githago,  Scop.  Fl.  Carn.  ed.  2,  i.  310.  Gith<u/o  seyetiun,  Desf.  1.  c. 
266. — An  attractive  but  troublesome  weed,  common  in  grain  fields;  fl.  summer.  (Introd. 
from  Eu.)  The  fresh  seeds  have  been  found  to  contain  an  active  poisonous  principle,  wliich 
is  expelled,  it  is  said,  by  roasting. 

9.  HOLOSTEUM,  Dill.  ("OXo?,  whole,  and  oo-tc'ov,  bone  ;  '0\6(tt€ov  is 
used  by  Dioscorides  for  some  unknown  plant,  possibly,  as  Prof.  Ascherson  sug- 
gests, in  allusion  to  supposed  healing  properties  in  cases  of  bone  fracture.)  — 
Nov.  Gen.  130,  t.  6 ;  L.  Gen.  no.  928  ;  Reichenb.  1.  c.  v.  t.  221 ;  Gay,  Ann.  Sci. 
Nat.  ser.  3,  iv.  23;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  148.  — A  small  genus  of  Old  World 
annuals  and  biennials  much  resembling  Cerastium  except  in  inflorescence  and 
seeds.     The  commonest  species  is  adventive  in  America. 

H.  CMBELLATUM,  L.  Finely  glandular-pubescent,  somewhat  glaucous:  stems  3  to  18  inches 
high:  leaves  sessile,  ovate-oblong :  umbels  3-12-flowered,  terminal  upon  long  naked  pedun- 
cles; pedicels  8  to  12  lines  long,  some  of  them  reflexed  :  filaments  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

Spec.  i.  88;    Eng.  Bot.  t.  27.  — Locally  established    in   Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  and 

Delaware,  Porter,  Austin,   Canbi/,  Small,  Heller  &  Halbach ;  fl.  April,  May.     (Adv.  from 
Eu.) 

10.  CERASTIUM,  L.  Mouse-ear  Chickweed.  (Ke'pa?,  a  horn,  from 
the  elongated  curved  capsules.) — Annuals  or  perennials,  mostly  pubescent  and 
often  viscid.  Leaves  usually  flat.  Flowers  white,  borne  in  more  or  less  expanded 
leafy  or  naked  cymes.  —  Gen.  no.  376  (name  ascribed  to  Dill,  by  Linn.  Syst. 
ed.  1);  Seringe  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  414;  Grenier,  Flora,  1840,  pt.  1,  266; 
Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  v-vi.  t.  228-236;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  39,  t.  114;  Benth. 
&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  148;  Pax.  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  lb,  80  ; 
Robinson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  275.  — A  genus  distinguished  from  SteUaria 
and  Arenaria  somewhat  by  habit,  but  chiefly,  although  not  always  satisfactorily, 
by  the  form  and  dehiscence  of  the  capsule. 

§  1.  Strephodon,  Seringe,  1.  c.  Styles  3  to  5 ;  teeth  of  the  capsule  finally 
circinate-revolute  from  the  tip.  —  Our  species  have  pubescent  leaves. 
C.  Texanum,  Britton.  Annual,  viscid :  stems  .several,  slender,  almost  erect,  leafy  below, 
nearly  naked  and  dichotomous  above :  leaves  oblanceolate  or  spatulate,  6  lines  to  2  inches 
in  length,  very  pubescent  or  subcinereous  on  both  surfaces:  flowers  rather  small:  petals 
bifid  :'styles  3  to  4  (to  5?):  capsule  1|  to  2  times  the  length  of  the  calyx.  —  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  XV.  97 ;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  ii.  29.     SteUaria  montana,  Rose,  Contrib. 


Cerastium.  ("AKVOI'II  VI.I.ACK.i:.  229 

U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  9.},  t.  2  —Hills,  Tcxa-x.  Blanco,  U'lli/lif,  to  Arizona,  on  tho  MogollonH. 
Greene,  Santa  Cataliiia  Mia.,  Limimm.  (Ml-x.,  Pabiur ;  Lower  Calif.,  liranilnjie.) 
C.  maximum,  L-  Stolon  if  erous  jM-rennial  with  stcni.s  8ini|)lc  or  nearly  »<o,  ertM-t  or  dccum- 
Iteut,  l)fLoniing  a  foot  or  inun;  in  lieij^lit :  leaves  linear  or  lancfolate,  attenuate:  HowerM 
very  large  ft^r  tlie  genus,  an  inch  in  diameter,  home  on  erect  ]»eilicel«  in  simple  or  cotn|><)un(l 
cymes:  sepals  oltlong  or  narrowly  ovate,  olituse,  3  to  4  lines  li»ng:  petals  ohovate,  much 
exceeding  the  calyx,  deeply  notched  at  the  apex  :  capsule  symmetrical,  much  exsorted  at 
matuiity.  —  ISjjec.  i.  439 ;  Ledeh.  Ic.  t.  242;  Fenzl  in  Ledeh.  Fl.  Itoss.  i.  399  ;  .Seem.  But. 
Herald,  51.  C.  (/ramie,  Greene,  I'ittonia,  ii.  229.  —  Alaska.  (Silieria.)  Asiatic  sjx-cimenH 
of  this  species,  identified  at  the  St.  I'etershurg  (ianlens,  show  that  the  capsule  l>ecomes 
cyliudric  and  much  longer  than  figured  by  Ledeljour. 

§  2.    Orthodox,   Scringe.      Styles    nornmlly   5 ;    teeth   of   capsule  erect  or 

spreading;  the  edges  sometimes  slightly   reflexed.  —  Seringe,   I.e.   415.  —  Our 

species  have  pubescent  leaves. 

*  Flowers  comparatively  small :  petals  1  to  U  times  as  long  as  the  sepals. 
-)—  I'ods  1  to  1|  times  as  long  as  the  caly.x  :  introduced  or  doubtfully  indigenous  weeds. 

C.  VI  lgAtum,  L.  (Common  Mouse-ear  Ciiickweed.)  Perennial,  viscid-pube.scent,  leaves 
oblong,  obtusely  pointed :  lower  pedicels  in  fruit  consiileraldy  exceeding  the  calyx  :  bracts 
herbaceous:  sepals  2  to  3  lines  long,  obtu.se,  often  purple-tipped,  ap])earing  acute  through 
the  infolding  of  the  scarious  margins :  petals  as  long  as  the  calyx.  —  S|)ec.  ed.  2,  027 ; 
Hegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxv.  313;  Wats.  Bib).  Index,  101;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in 
Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  88.  C.  viscosum,  L.  in  herb.;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  187;  Gniy,  Man. 
eils.  1-5,  etc.  C.  fulvum,  Haf.  Pre'c.  Decouv.  30.  C.  tririale.  Link,  Knum.  Hort.  Bend.  j. 
433.  —  Very  common  on  roadsides,  in  fields,  etc.,  but  also  often  remote  from  habitations 
and  cultivated  ground,  thus  perhaj»s  native;  fl.  through  the  summer.  (Probably  uat.  from 
the  Old  World.) 

C.  visc6srM,  L.  (Mouse-e.\r  Chickweed.)  Annual,  lower  and  less  spreading  than  the 
last,  viscid-pubescent,  3  inches  to  a  span  high:  leaves  oval  or  elliptic-oblong,  very  obtuse ; 
the  lowest  narrowed  below  to  short  margined  petioles :  flowers  small,  at  first  den.sely  clus- 
tered at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  becoming  laxer  in  fruit,  but  even  the  longest  pedicels  not 
exceeding  the  acute  sepals,  wliich  are  1|  to  2  lines  iu  length:  bracts  herl)ace<)us :  jietals 
scarcely  eiiualling  the  calyx:  stamens  fre(|uently  5.  —  Spec.  i.  437;  Hook.  f.  Arc.  PI.  288; 
Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  101  ;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  88.  C.  viili/atum,  L.  in  herb. ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  187:  Gray,  Man.  eds.  1-5;  and  others.  C.  hirsittum,  Mnhl.  Cat.  40. 
C.  (jlomerutiim,  Tluiill.  as  used  by  Hook.  f.  and  others.  C.  connalnm,  Beck,  Bot.  55.  Dejiau- 
perate  forms  with  few  flowers  and  short  caiisulc  have  been  regarded  a.s  indigenous,  being 
the  C.  viscosum,  var.  lenellum,  Grenier,  1.  c.  200,  and  the  C.  semiilecandnim,  of  authors,  not 
of  L.  —  Koadsides,  lawns,  etc.,  widely  distributed  in  the  Uniteil  States  and  Canada,  but  in 
most  regions  much  less  common  than  the  ])receding.  (Probaldy  nat.  from  the  Old  World  ) 
Delicate  specimens  apparently  to  be  referred  to  this  species,  but  with  minute  apetalous 
flowers,  have  been  collected  at  San  Diego,  Calif.,  Omitt. 

C.  semidecAndrim,  L.     Near  the  two  preceding,  but  smaller  ami  with  shorter  leaves:  bracts, 
at  least  the  upper  ones,  conspicuously  scarious-margined  :  i)edicels  in  fruit  hmger  than  the 
calyx.  —  Spec.  i.  438;  C.  vnlqatnm,  var.?  semidecandrum.  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  94.  —  New  Jer- 
sey, Drilton,  Peters,  to  Norfolk,  Va.,  Dritton,  Small.     (Adv.  from  Eu.,  W.  Asia  ) 
^-  ^_  p,),ls  2  to  3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx  :  indigenous  species. 

C.  brach^podum,  Kouinson.  Pale  green  annual,  finely  pube.scent  and  .somttinies  viry 
viscid:  l.avcs  liiicar-oldong  to  oblanceolate,  olitusish,  seMom  more  than  an  inch  in  length: 
flowers  in  more  or  less  open  dicliotomous  cymes  ;  i)edicels,  even  the  lower  ones,  only  e.|nal- 
ling  or  little  exceeding  the  capsules,  erect  or  deflexed.  straight  or  gently  curved,  not  hiMiked. 
—  Holiins.m  in  Britton,  Mem  Torr.  Club,  v.  1.50,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  277.  C.  nuhitis, 
var.  hrarhji find  urn,  Kngelm.  in  herb.  —  St.  Loui.s.  Mo,  Kii'irlinann.  to  the  Bl.nck  Hills,  S. 
Dakota,  /ii/dherti,  wo.stwanl  and  .southward  to  Nevada,  Andtrsmi,  W'.itsun,  Ari/.<>n.%  Palmrr, 
New  Mexico,  Fendler,  and   I>ouisiana.     (Mex.,  Schajfner,  Palmer,  Ilartman.)     C.  tmellum, 


230  CARYOPIIYLLACE.E.  Cerasthnn. 

Fenzl,  mentioned  in  Watson's  Index  (but  never  published  ?),  represented  by  Druminond's 
no.  30  of  his  3d  Texan  Coll.,  appears  to  be  only  a  more  slender  form  of  the  above.  Exactly 
the  same  thing,  however,  has  been  found  at  Milledgeville,  Ga.,  by  Dr.  Boi/kin  (Short  Her- 
barium), thus  considerably  extending  tlie  range  of  the  species.  A  very  leafy  and  velvety- 
tomeutose  form  from  Willow  Spring,  Arizona,  Palmer,  is  worthy  of  mention. 

Var.  compactuin,  Hobinson.  Inflorescence  capitate-umbellate  :  pods  very  slender. 
—  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  278.  C.  nutans,  var.  coH(y*«c?«/«,  Engelm.  in  herb.  —  A  marked 
variety  or  form  from  the  Bad  Lands  of  Nebraska,  Ilai/den;  Belknap,  N.Texas,  Hayes; 
False  Washita,  Ind.  Terr.,  Palmer. 
C.  nutans,  Haf.  A  pubescent  and  viscid  annual,  8  to  18  inches  high:  stems  branched: 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  ;  the  lowest  narrowed  toward  the  base  :  flowers  numerous  in 
an  open  dichotomous  cyme :  calyx  about  2  lines  in  length :  petals  somewhat  exserted, 
oblanceolate,  bifid :  pedicels  elongated,  ascending  or  spreading,  tending  to  be  hooked  or 
nodding  at  the  summit:  capsule  4  to  6  lines  long,  nodding  but  curved  upward.  —  Pre'i-. 
De'couv.  36,  &  Desv.  Jour.  Bot.  iv.  269  (1814);  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  t.  114.  C.  lonrje  peduiiculatum, 
Muiil.  Cat.  46,  the  earliest  name,  but  used  without  satisfactory  characterization,  C.  glutlno- 
sum,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  291.  C.  apricum,  Schlecht.  Linnaia,  xii.  208.  C.  oblong ifolium,  Anderson, 
Cat.  118.  —  Common  and  widely  distributed  from  Nova  Scotia  to  the  Pacific  and  from  Hud- 
son Bay  and  Little  Slave  Lake  (ace.  to  Macoun)  to  New  Mexico.  (Mex.)  Like  the  last, 
paler  green  than  the  other  common  species.  Cleistogamy  in  this  species  has  been  noted  by 
Mr.  I'hos.  Meehan,  and  apetalous  specimens  have  been  found  at  Wawa,  Peun.,  Brinton. 
Arizona  forms  of  this  species  also  differ  slightly  in  habit,  but  lack  technical  characters  for 
satisfactory  distinction. 

C.  sericeum,  VVatson.  Annual:  stems  one  or  many,  1  to  2  feet  high,  stout  for  the  genus, 
sericeous,  very  leafy  below :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile,  1  to  2  inches  long,  3  to  6  lines 
broad  ;  the  lower  cinereous  with  dense  flocculent  wool ;  the  upper  green  :  flowers  numerous 
in  spreading  cymes  :  calyx  2^  lines  long,  scarcely  exceeded  by  the  corolla :  seeds  larger  and 
rougher  than  in  the  preceding.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  334.  —  S.  Arizona  in  the  Huachuca 
Mts.,  Lemmon ;  Santa  Rita  Mts.,  Pringle. 

*   *   Flowers  larger;  petals  usually  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx  (except  in  C.  alpinum,  var. 

Beeringianum) :  indigenous  species. 
C.  arvense,  L.  Perennial:  stems  several,  weak,  usually  almost  naked  above:  leaves  linear 
to  narrowly  lance-oblong :  petals  obcordate :  pod  in  the  typical  form  scarcely  longer  than 
the  calyx."— Spec.  i.  438;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  104;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  188;  Rollick 
&  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiv.  45-51,  t.  63-65.  ?  C.  hyhridiim,  Muhl.  Trans.  Am.  Pliil. 
Soc.  iii.  169.  C.  Pennsylvanicum,  Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  435. — Rocky  soil,  common;  fl. 
May  to  July.  (Eu.,  Asia,  S.  Amer.)  Very  variable  in  size,  pubescence,  relative  lengtli  of 
its  capsules,  etc.  Var.  angustifolium,  Fenzl,  1.  c.  i.  413  (var.  Andrewsii,  Bailey,  Bot.  Gaz. 
vii.  109),  with  cauline  leaves  narrowly  oblong  to  linear,  strongly  1-nerved,  attenuate  at  the 
base,  much  fascicled,  9  to  15  lines  in  length,  and  var.  latifomum,  Fenzl,  1.  c.  412,  with 
shorter  oblong  leaves  (6  to  8  lines  long,  broad  at  the  base),  are  forms  strikingly  different  in 
their  extremes,  but  rather  freely  intergrading  and  often  difficult  to  distinguish.  The  latter 
is  perhaps  a  little  more  common  in  the  Rocky  Mts.,  but  extends  eastward  to  Labrador. 
Better  marked  are  the  following. 

Var.  oblongifolium,  Hollick  &  Brittox.  Leaves  oblong  or  lance-oblong,  obtuse 
or  ol>tusish  :  cajisnle  longer,  1|  to  2^  times  as  long  as  the  calyx.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiv.  47, 
t.  63.  C.  oblonfjifotium,  Torr.  Fl  N.'&  Midd.  States,  460 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  188.  '?  C.  di- 
chotomum,  Muhl.  Cat.  46.  C.  arvense,  var.  brartentum,  MacMillan,  Metasp.  Minn.  Val.  223. 
?  C.  bracteatum,  Raf.  Prec.  De'couv.  36. —  Nova  Scotia  to  Virginia  and  westward  to  Montana, 
Scribner,  and  New  Mexico,  Vasey.  This  variety  has  been  widely  drawn  l)y  its  authors  to 
include  narrow-leaved  forms  as  well  as  the  original  rather  broad-leaved  C.  oblongifolium, 
extended  scries  of  specimens  showing  complete  transitions. 

Var.  maximum,  Hollick  &  BniTTON,  1.  c.  47.  Taller,  1  to  2  feet  high:  leaves 
elongated,  lanceolate,  acutish,  2  to  3  lines  broad:  inflorescence  very  spreading:  capsule 
equalling  or  half  exceeding  the  calyx  or  nearly  twice  its  length. —  C.  oblongifolium,  Torr. 
Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  70.     C.  pilosum,  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  67,  not  Ledeb.  — California, 


Cerastium.  CAKVOl'II  V1J,ACE.K.  231 

Point  Reyes,  where  first  collected  hy  liujelow,  and  elsewhere  ;  a  rank  jijrowinK  form,  serving 
to  connect  the  next  species  through  var.  Fisc/ieriuuum,  from  which  in  some  cases  it  can 
scarcely  be  distinguislied  except  hy  the  narrow  lower  leaves.  Simihir  rohust  forms  of  C. 
arvense  liave  been  found  on  the  St.  Clair  Uiv.,  Wis.,  Howjhum,  and  in  N.  Illinois,  at  Joliet, 
Booil,  and  Dixon,  \'<isi  i/. 

Var.  Villosum,  Holi.kk  &  Hkitton,  1.  c.  49.  Densely  villous:  leaves  narrowly 
lance-oblong  to  ovatf-lanceolate.  —  ('.  reliitluum,  Kaf.  Med.  Hop.  hex.  '2,  v.  35'J.  C.  lillosiim, 
Muhl.  Cat.  46 ;  Dariingt.  Fl.  ("est.  ed.  2,  279.  !  C.  hirsuiuni,  Darlingt.  Florula  Cest.  54.  C. 
olilom/i/oliitm,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  188,  in  part;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  101.  C.  urrenHe,  var. 
vehUiintm,  Britton,  .Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  150.  —  I'ennsylvania,  Lancaster  Co.,  Purter,  Small, 
Chester  Co.,  Cnnhii. 

Var.  Fuegianum,  Hook.  f.  Depauperate,  2  to  .3  inches  high,  with  short  tliickish 
imbricated  leaves  and  sub-solitary  terminal  Howers. —  Hook.  f.  in  (Jrav,  Hot.  U.  S.  Kxpl. 
Exped.  119.  —  Specimens  collected  by  Coulln-  in  the  Yellow.stone  I'ark  have  been  confidently 
referred  to  this  variety  by  Ilollick  &  Britton,  1.  c,  and  no.  41  of  J'tirri/  from  Northwestern 
Wyoming  is  doubtless  the  same.     (Fuegia.) 

C.  alpinum,  L.  Silky-vilkms  perennial :  .stems  weak,  matted  :  leaves  elliptic-ovate,  4  to  5 
lines  long :  petals  notched  at  the  apex,  1^  to  2  times  the  length  of  the  sepals.  —  Sjmjc.  i.  4.18  ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  188;  Hegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxv.  314,  315.  C.  lanalum,  Lam. 
Diet.  i.  680.  C.  lutifoliitm,  Greville,  Mem.  Soc.  Wern.  iii.  429.  C.  vuhjutnin.  Hook.  f.  Arc. 
ri.  288,  in  part.  ?  C.  Idtifuliuiu,  Hart,  Jour.  Bot.  xviii  205.  —  Arctic  America  from  (irccn- 
land  to  Alaska,  also  in  Labrador,  the  Hud.son  Bay  region,  and  upon  the  Bocky  Mts.  of 
Brit.  America.     (F.ii.,  Asia.)     The  following  varieties  extend  farther  ."Southward. 

Var.  Beeringianum,  Rkgkl,  1.  c.  316.  Tomentulose  and  less  silky-villous,  somewhat 
glaudular-vistid  above:  leaves  smaller,  oblong :  petals  shorter,  often  .scarcely  excee<ling  the 
calyx.  —  C.  Befrinqiiinuiit,  Cham.  &  Sdilecht.  Linna-a,  i.  62.  V.  rnli/dliim,  var.  /iftrint/in- 
niiin,  Fenzl  in  Ledei).  Fl.  Boss.  i.  409.  C.  al/jiniim,  var.  Behn'iif/itiiium,  Wats.  Bibl.  Index, 
100;  Conlter,  Man.  Rocky  Mt.  Reg.  33.  — Alaska  to  the  Rocky  Mts.  of  Colorado  and 
Arizona.  This  variety  is  sometimes  difiicult  to  di.stinguisli  from  stunted  short-leaved  forms 
of  C  nn-ensp,  but  its  tlowers  are  less  densely  aggregated  and  have  the  slightly  larger  firmer 
and  more  licrb.accous  sepals  eliaracteristic  of  C.  al/tiiiiiiu. 

Var.  Fischerianum,  Tour.  &  Gr.vy.  Tomento.'se  or  hirsutulous,  taller,  8  to  10 
inches  or  even  more  than  a  foot  in  height :  leaves  rather  thick,  elli|)tic-lanceolate  or  oval- 
lanceolate,  acute  or  acutish,  an  inch  or  more  in  length:  capsule  1^  to  2  (or  rarely  3)  times 
the  length  of  the  calyx.—  Fl.  i.  188;  Regel,  1.  c.  319.  C.  litiidum,  Ledeb.  Mem.  Acad.  I'etrop. 
V.  538.  C.  Fischeriannm,  Seringe  in  DC.  I'rodr.  i.  419.  C.  vuli/dtum,  vars.  (jrandiflorum  & 
marrocarpum,  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ro.ss.  i.  409,410.  To  judge  from  tiie  figure  in  the  Cahpies 
des  De.ssins,  C.  slellnrioidcs,  Moc,  should  be  referred  here  also,  having  been  placed  by  Se- 
ringe probably  through  an  error  in  §  Sirp/ihndon.  —  A  stout  variety  i):issing  to  C.  (irvense, 
var.  miiTimiim,  but  with  broader  more  elliptic-ovate  leaves  and  longer  capsules.  Al.iska  to 
Humboldt  Co.,  Calif.,  Rntlnn.  (Sil)eria,  Japan.)  The  leaves  are  thicker  and  the  .sepals 
more  pubescent  and  acute  than  in  C.  pi/osum,  Ledeb.,  to  which  it  is  also  nearly  related. 

Var.  glabratum.  Hook.  Leaves  and  calyx  nearly  smooth. —  Hook,  in  Parry,  2d 
Voy.  App.  'Mto,  &  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  104.  —  Arctic  America  with  the  pubescent  forms  but  much 
rarer.     (X.  Eu.) 

§  3.  DiCHODON.  Bartl.  Styles  normallN-  3:  tcotli  of  tln^  oapsule  erect  or 
slightly  spreading,  not  ciivinate-revolute.  —  Bartl.  in  Endl.  Gen.  970.  —  Our 
species  with  symmetrical  capsule  and  short  glabrous  leaves. 

C.  trigynum,  Vill.  Perennial,  with  stems  weak,  spreading,  somewhat  m.itted,  sm<K>th  or 
glaiidular-pubescent,  loo.sely  2-3-flowered  :  leaves  oblong,  3  to  5  (to  8)  lines  in  h-ngth  :  the 
U]iperm<>st  ovate  :  sepals  lance-ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  2  to  3  lines  long  :  pet.ils  1  ^  to  2  times 
the  length  of  the  calyx,  ol)cordate,  bifid  nearly  half  way  to  the  ba.>»e  :  cajv^ule  oblong-<Hinic, 
twice  the  length  of  the  calyx  :  teeth  finally  spreading.  —  Pmsp.  48,  &  Dauph.  iii.  645,  t.  46; 
Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ros.s.  i".  396.  C.  rrnis'tioid,s,  Britton.  Mem.  Torr.  CInl).  v.  l.-iO.  Sirlla- 
rtn  cfnistoidi's.  L.  Spec.  i.  422;  Torr.  vii  Gr.iy,  Fl.  i.  184;  H<H>k.  f.  An-.  I '1.  288. —  Table- 
topped  mountain,  Gaspe,  Lower  Canada,  Allen;    CajH)  Chudleigh.   Hudson  Strait.   Brtl; 


232  CARYOPIIYLLACE.E.  Slellaria. 

Labrador.     (Greenland,  Holm  ;  Eu.,  Siberia.)     A  species  now  geuerally  appended  to  Ceras- 
tium,  but  forming  a  transition  to  SteUaria. 

11.  STELLARIA,  L.  Chickweed,  Starwort.  (AS^e//a,  a  star,  in  ref- 
erence to  the  form  of  the  flower. )  —  Low  spreading  herbs,  sometimes  a  little 
succulent,  mostly  preferring  a  moist  shaded  habitat.     Leaves  flat,  never  acerose. 

Spec.  i.  421,  &  Gen.  ed.  5,  no.  504;  Seringe  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  396;  Fenzl  iu 

Endl.  Gen.  969 ;  Reichenb.  Ic.  FI.  Germ.  vi.  t.  222-226  ;  Beuth.  &  Hook.  Gen. 
i.  149;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  t.  113;  Pax  iu  Engl.  &  Prautl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii. 
Ab.  lb,  79;  Robinson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  281.  Alsine,  L.  Spec.  i.  272,  in 
part.  SteUularia,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  6,  106.  Spergulastrum,  Michx.  FI.  i.  275. 
Micropetalon,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  509.  Larhrea,  St.  Hil.  Mem.  Mus.  Par.  ii.  287.  — 
A  genus  somewhat  artificially  separated  from  Arenaria  by  the  more  or  less 
deeply  cleft  petals.  Although  convenient  and  generally  useful  this  distinction 
breaks  down  in 

S.  MACROPETALA,  Torr.  &  Gray  (FI.  i.  184),  and  S.  KfNGii,  Wats.  (Bot.  King  Exp.  39,  t.  6, 
f.  1-3),  which,  notwithstanding  tlieir  eniarginate  cleft  or  divided  petals,  are  doubtless  mere 
forms  of  Arenaria  patula  and  A.  capUlaris  respectively. 

§  1.  Myosoton,  Moench  (as  genus).  Styles  5,  alternate  with  the  sepals: 
leaves  ovate,  acute.  —  Meth.  225.  Malachia,  Fries,  FI.  Hall.  77. 
S.  AQUATiCA,  Scop.  Perennial,  stem  strongly  angled  and  somewhat  pubescent :  leaves  large, 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute ;  the  upper  sessile,  cordate ;  the  lower  petiolate  :  pedicels 
glandular-viscid,  deflexed  in  fruit :  petals  1|  to  2  times  as  long  as  the  campauulate  glandular- 
pubescent  calyx:  seeds  numerous,  dark-colored,  tuberculately  roughened.  —  FI.  Carn.  ed.  2, 
i.  319.  Malachia  aquatica,  Fries,  FI.  Hall.  77.  Maluchium  aquaticum,  Keichenb.  1.  c.  t.  237. 
Larbrea  aquatica,  Seringe  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  395  (excl.  syn.).  Alsine  aquatica,  Britton,  Mem. 
Torr.  Club,  v.  356.  — Becoming  frequent  upon  waste  laud  and  public  grounds  in  the  Eastern 
States,  and  more  or  less  established  along  roadsides  in  Brit.  America,  Stratford,  Ont.,  Burgess ; 
Nanaimo,  Brit.  Columbia,  Macoun.     (Adv.  from  Eu.) 

§  2.    EustellIria,  Fenzl,  1.  c.  969.     Styles  3  to  4. 

*  Petals,  except  in  some  flowers  of  S.  pubera,  very  deeply  2-parted  (sometimes  minute  or 
wanting) :  segments  narrow. 

-1—  Lower  leaves  ovate,  rather  abruptly  contracted  into  slender  petioles. 

S.  MEDIA,  Cyrill.  (Common  Chickweed.)  A  low  annual :  stems  pubescent  in  lines :  leaves 
acute ;  the  upper  narrower,  sessile ;  the  lower  on  pubescent  narrowly  margined  petioles : 
calyx  glandular-pubescent,  equalled  or  slightly  exceeded  by  the  capsule:  petals  shorter 
than  the  sepals:  stamens  3,  5,  or  10.  — Char.  Comm.36;  Eng.  Bot.  t.  537;  Jackson,  Jour. 
Bot.  XXV.  69.  Alsine  media,  L.  Spec.  i.  272;  Walt.  Car.  117.  Holosteum  succulentuni,  L. 
Amoen.  Acad.  iii.  21 ;  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  89  ;  Torr.  FI.  N.  &  Midd.  States,  159.  — One  of  the  com- 
monest weeds  in  dooryards  and  cultivated  grouncTs,  especially  in  moist  soil ;  fl.  earliest  spring 
to  late  autumn.     (Temperate  and  boreal  parts  of  the  Old  World,  Greenland.) 

S.  prostrata,  Baldw.  Annual :  stems  weak,  elongated,  prostrate,  pubescent:  leaves  ovate, 
acute  or  shortly  acuminate;  the  lower  subcordate  on  slender  ciliated  petioles;  the  upper 
cauline  short-petioled  or  subsessile ;  the  floral  reduced  and  bract-like  :  pedicels  filiform  : 
flowers  smaller  than  in  the  preceding  :  sepals  in  anthesis  but  a  line  long :  petals  nearly  twice 
as  long:  mature  capsule  much  exceeding  the  calyx;  valves  distinctly  circinate-revolute. 
—  Baldw.  in  Ell.  Sk.  i.  518;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  183  ;  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  152,  &  PI. 
Wright,  ii.  17;  Chapm.  Fl.  50. — Moist  and  shaded  places,  rocky  woods;  Georgia  and 
Florida  to  Texas.  (Adj.  Mex.)  Leaves  very  variable  in  size,  from  2  linos  to  an  incli  in 
length.  The  flowers  in  this  species  are  distinctly  smaller  than  in  tiic  nearly  related  Mexi- 
can S.  cuspidata,  &  ovata,  Willd. 


Stellaria.  CAK  Vdl'Il  Vl.I.ACK.i:.  233 

S.  nitens,  Xitt.  Amm:il,  sli'iid.r,  erect,  »liining :  HtoiiiK  filiform,  forkcl  wvora)  tiiiu-i*, 
leafy  and  sli;,'lill_v  piilitscint  mar  tliu  hiwe,  almost  iiake<l  ami  <|iiiu;  KlaliMUN  alxne ;  k-avt'M 
of  two  forms,  tli<!  lowest  (I  to  :i  pairs)  ovate,  acute,  only  2  lines  I.imk,  >,n  slemler  |K-tioles  of 
somewhat  greater  length,  not  always  jiersisting;  the  other  leaves  laii<elinear,  luiite,  3  to  5 
lines  long:  sej.als  very  aeute,  searioiis-margine.i,  l-.'l  iMrvc.l :  petals  half  tw  lonj;  an  tho 
sepals,  sometimes  ahsent:  capsule  oMong,  al.out  einialling  the  calyx.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  185;  Torr.  I'acif.  li.  Kej).  iv.  69,  &  Hot.  .Me.\.  Hound  .JT  ;  (iruy.  I'r.x-.  Am. 
Acad.  viii.  378.  ^'.  vmncltiuides,  Fenzl  ace.  to  Torr.  &  Ciray,  Fl.  i.  C75.  .S.  slrirta,  H<»«jk. 
Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  96,  in  part.  Alsine  nihiia,  Greene,  Man.  Hay-Heg.  33. —S.  Calif(irnia  to 
Brit.  Columbia,  Macoun;  eastward  to  Utah,  Juius ;  fl.  April,  May.     (l^jwcr  Calif.) 

S.  OR.\MfNEA,  L.,  with  seldom  persistent  but  sometimes  slightly  petiolato  lower  leaves,  may 

possibly  be  sought  here. 

-»—   -i—  Leaves  all  sessile  or  subsessile. 
++   Bracts  small,  scarious. 
=  Flowers  small :  petals  minute  or  none. 
S.  Umbellata,  Trurz.     Smooth:  stems  weak,  a.scending  from  a  docnmbent  rooting  Itase  : 
k;ivc.s  varying  fmin  lanceolate  and  acute  to  elliptic-oblong,  3  to  8  lines  in  length  :  pedicels 
filiform,  sub-umi.ellately  grouped  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  (jften  defle.xed  :  sejials  small, 
1  to  1^  Hues  iu  length,  glabrous,  scarious -margined :  ca]jsule  twice  as  long;  valves  deeplv 
2-tuothed ;  teeth  obtuse.—  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  1838,  89,  xv  (1842),  173,  Cat.  Baie.  5.  &  fI. 
Baic.-Dahur.  i.  236;  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ho.-*s.  i.  394;  Itegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nut.  M»m\\\\. 
264,  280;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  38;  I'orter  &  Coulter,  Fl.  C-d.  13;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot. 
Calif,  i.  67.     .S.  borealis,  var..  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  94.     Alsine  IJairalt-nsis,  Coville,  Contrib. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  70. — Mountains  of  Colorado  and  Arizona,  al.so  Sierras  of  S.  Central 
California,  Cocille,  to  Union  Co.,  Oregon,  Cusick ;  fl.  July,  August.     (Asia.) 

=  =  Flowers  of  medium  size:  petals  equalling  or  exceeding  the  calyx  (except  sometimes 
in  S.  uliginosa). 

a.    Seeds  essentially  smooth. 

S.  longifolia,  Mihl.  Stems  sharply  4-angled,  commonly  8  inches  or  more  in  height : 
leaves  linear  or  linear-oblong,  somewhat  narrowed  at  each  end,  thickish,  often  ciliate  toward 
the  base;  the  larger  ones  1^  to  U  inches  long:  flowers  rather  numerous  in  a  latenil  long- 
peduncled  open  cyme ;  pedicels  spreading,  horizontal  or  deflexed  :  \^eU\\^  and  capsule  ex- 
ceeding the  sepals:  .seeds  smooth.  — Cat.  45;  Willd.  Knum.  479;  Fenzl,  I.e.  392;  Gray, 
Gen.  111.  ii.  38,  t.  113,  f.  1-5.  S.  f/raminea,  Bigel.  Fl.  Bost.  110.  Sinrgulastrum  fframi- 
neuiii,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  276.  Mlrropetalun  gramineum,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  509.  Si.  hmqlfolin,  Kat.  & 
Wright,  N.  A.  Bot.  319.  Alsin<-  lon(ji/ulia,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  15o!  — Newfound- 
land to  Maryland,  westward  to  the  Ilocky  Mts.  and  northward  to  Alaska;  fl.  June,  July. 
(Eu.,  A.sia.) 

S.  longipes,  Goi.niE.  Smooth  and  shining  or  more  or  less  glaucous,  spreading  at  the  ba-^o : 
branches  erect,  3  to  12  inches  high :  leaves  linear  or  lance-linear,  gradually  narr.nvetl  from 
the  base  to  the  acute  apex,  I-nerved,  8  to  12  lines  in  length,  spreading:  flowers  irregularly 
cymose:  peduncles  terminal  or  rarely  and  tardily  .somewhat  lateral;  pedicels  elongated. 
une(|ual,  erect:  tho  lowest  often  more  or  less  distinctly  axillary  :  sejjals  oblong  lanceolate  : 
capsule  exceeding  the  calyx,  acutish,  dark  and  shining;  .«eeils  very  sniiHith.  —  Edinb.  I'hil. 
Jour.  vi.  327;  lKH>k.  Fl.  Bor.-.\m.  i.  95;  Torr.  &  CJray,  Fl.  i.  184  (vars.  o,  0.  y\ ;  Fen/.l, 
1.  c.  386.  S.  palustris,  Hichards.  in  Frankl.  1st  Jonrn.  ed.  1,  App.  738  (n-print.  p.  10). 
6'.  striria,  Kichards.  1.  c.  ed.  2,  Ajjp.  743  (reprint,  p.  15).  .<?.  ArM,  Torr.  Ann.  l.yc.  N.  Y. 
ii.  169.  S.i/hiuca,  .Meyer,  I'l.  Lal>.  93.  .V.  rnissi/iilid,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  38.*  S.  lowji- 
folia,  Hothr.  Enum.  I'l.  Cent.  Col.  35.  ?  Mirmpelnlnn  <ir<itiiin>um.  James,  Cat.  181.  Alsittf 
lonqiju's,  Coville.  Contrib.  V.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  70. —  A  very  variable  si«cies  market!  by  it.<« 
long  dark-colored  acutish  capsules  ami  very  sm(M)th  soeils.  It  is  widely  distritnited  fn>m 
Maine  to  Arctic  America,  and  from  Ala-ska  (al.xo  Siberia)  southward  along  tho  Hurky  Mis. 
to  Colorailo,  and  on  the  Tacific  Slope  to  San  Mernar.lino.  I\„lsh.  The  commoner  form  ba.«. 
acute  .«e])als  and  haves  v.irying  iin|)crceptibly  from  flaccid  and  spreading  to  ere«-t  and  some- 
what pungent  (var.  )8  nf.NoH,  Hook.  1.  c. ;  .S.  stricUi,  Kichards.  1.  c.  etc.).     The  txpi.al  fortn. 


234  CARYOPIIYLLACE.E.  Stellaria. 

with  spreading  leaves  and  "very  obtuse"  sepals,  is  comparatively  rare.  The  following, 
althougli  the  best  marked  varieties,  are  connected  by  innumerable  puzzling  intermediate 
forms. 

Var.  leeta,  Watson.  Low,  smooth  or  somewhat  ]ml)escent,  1  to  4  inches  in  height, 
usually  very  glaucous,  densely  leafy  at  the  base  :  leaves  carinate,  lanceolate-subulate  to 
linear,  rather  rigid,  erect,  2  to  6  lines  long,  shorter  than  in  the  type,  narrower  than  in  the 
following.  —  Bibl.  Index,  112.  5.  keta,  Richards.  1.  c.  ed.  1,  App.  738  (reprint,  p.  10); 
Hook,  in  Parry,  2d  Voy.  App.  390,  &  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  96.  S.  striata,  var.  y,  Hook.  Fl.  lior.-Am. 
i.  96.  S.  longipes,  var.  5,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  185.  —  Arctic  America  to  the  Rocky  Mts.  of 
Montana  and  Wyoming;  also  at  Gaspe,  Lower  Canada,  Allen.  (Siberia.)  A  very  similar 
form  has  been  found  on  the  coast  of  New  Brunswick,  Fowler.  The  variety  peduxcllAkis 
of  Fenzl  is  a  boreal  form  somewMiat  intermediate  between  this  variety  and  the  next,  and 
indofinitt'ly  characterized  by  still  more  elongated  peduncles. 

Var.  Edwardsii,  Watson,  I.e.  113.  Low,  smooth  or  pubescent:  leaves  lanceolate  to 
ovate-lanceolate  or  even  ovate,  shorter  than  in  the  type :  stems  usually  but  2-3-flowered ; 
the  lower  peduncles  axillary,  much  longer  than  the  others.  — 6\  Edicurdsii,  R.  Br.  in  I'arry, 
1st  Voy.  App.  271  ;  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  Linnaja,  i.  48;  Hook.  1.  c.  t.  31  ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2290. 
S.  nitida,  Hook,  in  Scoresb.  Greenl.  411  ;  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  1.  c.  47.  Alslne  lomjlpes,  var. 
Edwardsii,  Britton,  1.  c.  —  Brit.  America  from  Labrador  to  Brit.  Columbia,  northward  to  the 
arctic  regions ;  Alaska.     (Siberia.) 

h.  Seeds  distinctly  roughened  under  a  lens. 
S.  GRA.Mf\EA,  L.  Stems  ascending,  smooth  and  shining,  1  to  2\  feet  hi{;h,  sharply  4-angled 
(rhombic  in  cross-section) ;  internodes  usually  elongated  :  leaves  lance-linear,  thickish,  atten- 
uate, furrowed  above  and  with  midrib  prominent  beneath:  inflorescence  a  broad  terminal 
pedunculate  cyme  (larger  and  looser  than  in  S.  lonqifolia),  often  accompanied  by  one  or  two 
smaller  cymes  springing  at  its  base  ;  pedicels  elongated,  spreading  or  deflexed  :  ca|)sule 
exceeding  the  calyx.  —  Spec.  i.  422;  Eng.  Bot.  t.  803;  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  391  ; 
Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  87.  Alsine  (jraininea,  Britton,  1.  c. —  Introduced  iu 
moist  grassy  places,  Newfoundland  to  Maryland,  and  in  Northern  States  across  the  conti- 
nent; common.  (Eu.,  Asia.)  A  shade  form,  var.  lanceolAta,  Fenzl,  1.  c.  392,  is  not  infre- 
quent, in  which  the  leaves  are  lanceolate  and  more  narrowed  at  the  base  or  the  lowest  even 
subpetiolate.  The  inflorescence  rarely  becomes  seemingly  lateral  through  the  development 
of  a  sterile  branch  from  its  base  as  in  5.  longifolia.  Fenzl  has  noted  that  the  flowers  of 
5.  graminea  are  of  different  sizes,  the  smaller  being  the  more  fertile. 

S.  uliginosa,  Mcrr.  Low,  weak,  diffuse:  .stems  numerous,  leafy:  leaves  lanceolate  or 
elliptic-lanceolate,  6  to  8  lines  long,  acute  at  each  end :  inflorescences  few-flowered,  pedun- 
culate or  sub-sessile,  much  smaller  than  in  the  last,  becoming  decidedly  lateral,  1^  inches  or 
less  in  length :  flowers  smaller  and  petals  relatively  shorter  than  in  the  related  species : 
sepals  very  acute.  If  lines  in  length.  —  Prod.  Stirp.  Gott.  55;  Fenzl,  1.  c.  393;  Eaton  & 
Wright,  N.  A.  Bot.  442  ;  Warming,  Bot.  Foren.  Festskr.  1890,  216,  f.  10.  S.  alsine,  Hoffm. 
Deutschl.  Fl.  i.  153;  Muhl.  Cat.  45.  S.  horealis,  Darlingt.  Fl.  Cost.  274.  Larbrea  uliginosa, 
Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  93,  as  to  syn.  in  part,  but  not  as  to  pi.  of  Chamisso.  Alsine  uliginosa, 
Britton,  1.  c. — On  wet  rocks,  in  brooks,  etc.,  usually  in  deep  shade,  Atlantic  Slope,  Placentia, 
Newfoundland,  Robinson  &  Schrenh ;  Halifax,  N.  S.,  Macotin,  to  Delaware,  Tatnall,  and 
Maryland  ;  not  common  ;  fl.  May  to  November.     (Eu.,  Asia.) 

++    ++   Bracts  foliaceous  (except  the  uppermost  in  5.  borenlis,  var.  corollina). 
=  Leaves  narrowly  elliptical  to  lanceolate  or  linear. 

S.  longipes,  Goldie,  may  be  sought  here,  as  weak  specimens  with  solitary  terminal  long- 
peduncled  flowers  do  not  always  show  the  scarious  bracts  which  are  developed  in  more 
vigorous  plants. 

S.  borealis,  Bigel.  Suberect,  6  to  10  inches  in  height,  smooth  or  nearly  so  :  leaves  lanceo- 
late, atteimate,  6  to  18  lines  long,  with  one  prominent  nerve:  pedicels  scattered,  8  to  14 
lines  in  length,  often  deflexed :  sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  scarious-margined,  acute  or  often 
narrowed  to  an  obtusish  apex  :  petals  much  sliorter  than  the  calyx  or  none  :  ca])sule  narrowly 
ovoid,  acutish,  H  to  2  times  as  long  as  the  ,«ppals  ;  seeds  smooth.  —  Fl  Bost.  ed.  2,  182  ;  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  185  ;  Fenzl,  1.  c.  381  ;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  2355.     S.  aqualica,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  Lin- 


Stellaria.  CAKV()niVI,LA(  K.i:.  23;') 

iKva,  i.  50;  'I'orr.  &  Cirav,  V\.  i.  186;  but  pruliaWy  not  of  PcjJl.  /jtrhrm  uli</ino*ti,  H<Mjk.  Fl. 
IJor.-Aiii.  i.  <J3,  a.s  to  i>l.  u£  C'li;iiiiis»o  iiiiii  |icrliiii>8  of  Druiiinioiici.  .s'.  rrai»ij»lia,  KoIuikI. 
Cat.  6.  Siiergnlnslrum  Itinvcolitlnin,  Mirhx.  Fl.  i.  275.  Mirrui>rtulim  lannolatiini,  I'en.  Svii. 
i.  509.     Amiitriti  lalerijlom,  l)arliii<;t.   Flonila  Ce»t.  54.     Alsine  burraiig.  Ur'iUnii,\.  v.   U'J. 

—  New  Knglaiid  to  New  Jersey;  Meudotiuo  Co.,  Calif.,  ami  iiortliwanl ;  fl.  iiiidMunitncr ; 
fre(|iu'iit. 

Var.  COroUina,  Fkn/l,  1.  c  382.  Taller:  inflorescence  sitreadin^  anil  nioro  definitrh- 
terininal :  Imuts  reduced,  the  up])erinoHt  nion*  or  leK»  8cariou«  :  j»etalH  uxually  prewnt : 
seeds  .sliglitiy  rouyliened.  —  S.  brar/i'i/iitald.  Hong.  Veg.  Sitch.  126;  Torr.  &  Cray,  Fl.  i.  186. 
S.  al/iestiis,  Fries,  Mant.  i.  10,  exd.  var.  ."■>.  Feiizlii,  Kegel,  Hull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mwc.  xxxv  2K0. 
.S.  borealis,  var.  al/>estils,  (iray,   Man.  ed.  5,  93.     Alsine  iorenlis,  var.  (il/ifxlriii,  liritton,  1.  c. 

—  Lake  Superior,  liobbiiis,  to  Oregon,  lluwvll,  and  northward.     (Ku.,  Asia.) 

S.  crassifolia,  Knun.  Low,  smooth:  stems  many,  weak,  a-scemling  or  Huherect ;  interno<li-<i 
short:  leaves  small,  numerous,  thickish,  oMong-lanceolate,  acutish,  3  to  6  lines  in  length: 
sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  aliout  ec|nalled  or  somewhat  exceeded  l>y  the  |»<'tals  and 
capsule:  seeds  distinctly  r<»ughened  under  a  lens,  somewiiat  larger  than  in  the  ht-^t  pre<iMliiig 
species.  —  llannov.  Mag.  pt.  8,  110.  v^L  Heitr.  iii.  60;  Fen/.l,  1.  c.  383;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in 
Cray,  Man.  ed.  6,  87,  excl.  Kentucky  jdant.  6".  gracilis,  liichards.  1.  c.  ed.  \,  A  pp.  738 
(reprint,  p.  10),  gemmiferous  form?  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  97 ;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  184. 
.S'  borealis,  var.  j3,  llook.  1.  c.  95.  Alsine  crassifolia,  Britton,  1.  c.  150. —  Wet  gr'iun<l  and 
marshy  places,  Lalirador,  Martin,  Allen,  to  the  Lower  St.  Lawrence,  /'rimjle,  and  N.  lllin<jis, 
I'dseij,  Hill:  Colorado,  Hall  &  Hiirbour,  Crandall ;  Montana,  Canbi/,  and  northwanl;  fl. 
July  to  September.     (N.  Eu.,  Asia.) 

S.  fontinalis,  Kohinson.  Glabrous:  stems  regularly  and  dichotomously  branched,  6  to  12 
inches  long:  branches  spreading:  leaves  spatulatedinear,  obtusish,  spreading,  5  to  10  linea 
long:  internodes  elongated,  1  to  2  inches  in  length:  peduncles  solitary  in  t  lie  forks  of  the 
branches,  1  to  li  inches  long,  ascending:  sepals  4  t(j  5,  oblong,  obtu.-ie,  3-nerved  :  [jetalw 
none:  stamens  4  to  8  ;  filaments  abruptly  dilated  at  the  ba.se:  styles  3  to  4,  very  short; 
capsule  obtuse,  not  exceeding  the  calyx.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  286.  .S'.  rrassiiUia,  Wats. 
Bibl.  Index,  111,  in  part ;  Cliapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  608 ;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  (Jray.  Man.  ed.  6.  87, 
in  part.  Saijinafoiitinnlis,  Short  &  Peter,  Transylv.  Jour.  Med.  vii.  600;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl. 
i.  177.  Spergitla  fonlinnlis,  Dietr.  Syn.  I'l.  ii.  1597.  Alsine  funtinalis,  Brittcju,  1.  c.  356. — 
Cliffs  of  Kentucky  River  and  Klkhorn  Creek,  Kentucky,  Short  &  Peter;  Nashville,  Tenn., 
Gattinger ;  fl.  April,  May.     Certainly  distinct  from  .S.  crassifolia,  Ehrh. 

=   =  Leaves  broader,  ovate  or  broadly  oblong,  seldom  an  inch  in  length. 

S.  humifusa,  Bottb.  Low,  densely  matteil,  smooth :  stems  pro.strate  or  ascending,  angu- 
late,  shining  :  leaves  elliptic-ovate  or  oblong,  acutish,  2  to  5  lines  long,  marce.sceut :  pedun- 
cles axillary,  4  to  7  lines  in  length  :  sepals  ovate-<dilong,  acute,  narrowly  margined  :  petals 
somewhat  exceeding  the  calyx  :  seeds  smooth.  —  Skrivt.  Natur.  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Ki^b.  x.  447, 
t.  4.  f.  14  ;  Torr.  &  Cray,  Fl.  i.  184;  Fenzl  in  Ivedeb.  Fl.  Boss.  i.  384.  .9.  murifiuata,  Cham.  & 
Schlecht.  Linnaea,  i.  .50.  Arenaria  I hi/m if ol in,  Vxirab,  Fl.  i.  317;  Eaton  &  Wright,  N.  A. 
Bot.  132.  A.  Purshiana,  Seringe  in  DC.  Trodr.  i.  414;  Ibwik.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  102.  AUinr 
humifusa,  Britton,  1.  c.  —  Salt  marshes  and  boggy  .slopes,  Maine,  Little  Cranln-rry  Island,  lird- 
Jield,  Upper  St.  Jr)hn  Biver,  Coodnle  ;  Anticosti.  Mnronn,  and  coast  of  Oreg.m,  I/outll  liros., 
northward  to  Ahiskaand  Arctic  America  ;  fl.  July  to  September.  (Creenland,  N.  Eu..  Sil.o- 
ria.)  The  commoner  form,  var.  f>VAMi-6i.iA,  Fen/.l.  1.  c,  has  leaves  ovate  or  suborbicular, 
crowded,  only  1  to  3  lines  in  length.  Var.  oni.oviiiFoi.iA,  Fen/1,  1.  c  ,  luus  interninles  more 
elongated  and  leaves  oblong,  4  to  5  lines  in  length. 

S.  obtlisa,  EsiiKi.M.  Smooth  :  .stems  prostrate,  2  to  3  inches  long :  leaves  thin,  ovate,  acute. 
abniit  4  lines  l'>ng.  half  as  broad:  flowers  .sulitary,  ap|)earing  axillary:  jH-diindes  3  to  4 
lines  long:  .sepals  ovate,  obtuse,  hardly  at  all  .scarious  on  the  margins:  petals  none:  ca|uiule 
\\  to  I^  times  a.s  long  as  the  calyx,  (d)tu.se ;  .seeds  brown,  under  a  com|Hiund  micromMH>o 
covered  with  lighter-colored  oblong  tubercles  with  fringed  edges.  —  Bot.  (Ja/„  vii.  5  ;  Macoun. 
Cat.  Canad.  I'l.  i.  76.  SJiuminisa,  .Macoun,  I'ha-nog.  X:  Crypt.  I'l.  of  Canail.9.  —  Anthmcitc 
Creek,  ('..!. .rado,  9.000  to  lO.iMHI  feet,  llriiniixier,  to  Blue  NJls  ,  Wxshingtiui,  /'./>rr,  and  Brit. 
Columbia,  near  Ma<leod'8  Lake,  Macoun  ;  Kootanie  Bass,  iJou-sun  ;  fl.  June,  July. 


236  CARYOPIIYLLACE.E.  Stellarla. 

S.  crispa,  Cham.  &  ScHLECHT.  Usually  glabrous :  stems  numerous,  weak,  decumbent : 
loiives  thin,  ovate,  commonly  crisped  on  the  edges ;  the  broad  base  rouuded,  subpetiolate ; 
the  apex  short-acuminate:  pedicels  solitary,  axillary,  3  to  12  lines  lonjj:  sepals  lanceolate, 
acute,  margined,  3-nerved,  considerably  exceeded  by  the  acutish  capsule :  petals  minute  or 
iioue.  —  Linuasa,  i.  51  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  97  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  186,  67.T ;  Gray,  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  viii.  378.  6".  borealis,  var.  crispa,  Fenzl  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  675;  Torr.  Bot. 
Wilkes  Exped.  245.  S.  borealis,  var.  a/)etala,  Kegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxv.  277,  in 
part.  —  Mountainous  regions  of  N.  California  to  Alaska.  A  pubescent  but  mostly  sterile 
and  possibly  distinct  form  from  Lake  Cushnian,  Washington,  Piper. 

S.  calycantha,  Bong.  Ferennial,  more  or  less  finely  pubescent :  stems  numerous,  decum- 
hfut,  branching  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  somewhat  narrowed  toward  the  more  closely  sessile 
base,  slightly  fleshy  or  almost  as  thin  as  in  the  last,  ciliolate  at  least  near  the  base :  flowers 
small,  nearly  or  quite  apetalous,  forming  at  length  a  more  or  less  regular  dichotomous 
cvmose  inflorescence :  capsule  broadly  ovate  and  very  obtuse  or  even  subglobose.  —  Veg. 
Hitch.  127  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  186;  Macoun,  Cat.  Canad.  PI.  i.  74.  Arenaria  calycantha, 
Ledeb.  Me'm.  Acad.  St.  Petersb.  v.  534.  —  Mt.  Shasta,  California,  Hook.  &  Gray,  to  Wasliing- 
ton,  Howell  Bros.,  Siiksdorf,  Brundegee,  Allen;  Brit.  Columbia,  Macoun,  and  S.  Alaska,  Mertens, 
ace.  to  Bongard.  (Siberia.)  A  species  referred  by  Fenzl,  1.  c.  382,  and  by  various  American 
writers  to  S.  borealis,  but,  as  it  seems,  rightly  restored  to  specific  rank  by  Prof.  Macoun. 
A  glabrous  form,  however,  from  Mt.  Paddo,  coll.  SuLsdorf,  scarcely  differs  from  5.  borealis 
except  in  its  broader  leaves  and  blunter  pods,  while  a  pubescent  form  from  Skamania  Co., 
Wasliington,  no.  2194  of  the  same  collector,  shows  in  its  more  racemiform  inflorescence  a 
transition  to  5.  crispa. 

S.  ruscifolia,  Willd.  Glabrous  :  leaves  coriaceous,  ovate,  subcordate,  acuminate,  somewhat 
rigid  with  pungent  tip :  flowers  rather  large,  terminal,  pedunculate  :  sepals  acute. —  Willd.  ace. 
to  Schlecht.  Berl.  Gesell.  Nat.  Fr.  Mag.  vii.  (1816),  194;  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  1.  c.  50;  Kegel, 
1.  c.  .300.     (Siberia.) 

Var.  arctica,    Kegel,  1.  c.  301.     "Low  stems,  scarcely  an  iucli   in  length,  sepals 
obtuse.  —  On  the  Melville  Islands." 

====  =  Leaves  broad,  an  inch  or  more  in  length. 

S.  littoralis,  Torr.  Pubescent :  stems  decumbent,  dichotomously  branched,  8  inches  in 
hei"-ht :  leaves  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base,  acute  or  acuminate,  about  an  inch  in  length,  with 
definite  intramarginal  veins :  flowers  rather  numerous  in  the  forks  of  the  branches ;  pedun- 
cles becoming  horizontal  or  deflexed  :  sepals  2|  lines  long,  acute :  petals  of  nearly  equal 
length,  cleft  almost  to  the  base:  capsule  somewhat  shorter.  —  Pacif.  R.  Kep.  iv.  69  ;  Brew. 
&  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  68.  Alsine  littoralis,  Greene,  Man.  Bay-Reg.  34.  —  California,  coast  of 
Marin  Co. ;  Point  Reyes,  Bigelow,  Blankinship ;  Dillon's  Beach,  Complon ;  bluffs  near 
Point  Lobos,  ace.  to  Mrs.  Brandegee.  In  habit  much  resembling  the  Old  World  ^\  dicho- 
toma,  L.,  of  which  it  may  well  prove  a  form.  It  differs,  however,  in  its  much  more  deeply 
cleft  petals. 

S.  piibera,  Michx.  (Great  Chickweed.)  Perennial,  decumbent,  stout  for  the  genus: 
stems  pubescent  in  lines:  leaves  elliptic-oblong,  finely  ciliate,  acute  or  obtusish,  6  lines  to  1^ 
inches  long,  or  on  the  late  tall  shoots  3  inches  in  length  :  calyx  nearly  or  quite  smooth  ;  sepals 
3  to  4  J  lines  in  length  :  stamens  10  :  capsule  globose,  not  exceeding  the  calyx  ;  teeth  some- 
times but  not  always  circinate-revolute  as  in  Cerastium  §  Strephodon.  —  Fl.  i.  273  ;  Darlingt. 
Fl.  Cest.  274  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  183.  Alsine  piibera,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  iv.  107.  — 
Rocky  woods,  Pennsylvania  to  Georgia,  westward  to  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  and  Indiana; 
fl.  April,  Mav.  According  to  Mr.  Thomas  Meehan  the  flowers  are  proterogynous.  Prof. 
L.  F.  Ward  notes  that  the  large-leaved  usually  sterile  shoots  of  late  spring  sometimes  bear 
a  few  flowers  which  are  smaller  in  size  and  shorter-peduncled  than  the  earlier  ones.  Miss 
E.  F.  Andrews  states  that  the  petals  are  sometimes  cleft  half  their  length,  in  other  cases 
nearly  to  the  base,  which  is  confirmed  by  specimens. 
*   *     Petals  retuse  or  shortly  bifid,  divided  only  one  fourth  to  one  half  the  way  to  the  base, 

commonly  much  exceeding  the  calyx  :  species  approaching  Arejwria. 
-t—  Tall  or  spreading  species,  adventive  on  the  Atlantic  Slope  :  leaves  long,  lanceolate  to 
lance-linear,  attenuate. 


Arcnaria.  CAKVOl'l  I  VI.LACK.i:.  2.j7 

S.  Hol6stea,  L.  Stem  6  to  18  inrhes  hiph :  leaves  narrowly  laiiceolato,  Kprcadiiig,  long- 
attenuate  from  near  tlie  roundetl  sessile  lijise,  scaliri>UH-<Mliate  on  tlit-  niargiiiM  and  niiilrili, 
IJ  to  3  inches  in  lenj^tii,  1-nerveil :  sepals  lante-olilong,  thin,  nervt-less,  4  linos  in  length, 
exceeded  by  the  large  white  ])etal8 :  styles  3 :  valves  of  the  capsuli;  s<>nietini«-s  tardily  cir- 
cinate-ri'vulute. — Spec.  i.  422  ;  Ucidienb.  Ic.  Kl.  (Jerni.  v.  t.  223.  Ahinr  I/>ito»lfa,  lirittoii, 
Mem.  Torr.  Ciuh,  v.  ITjO. —  Found  nxire  or  less  estaldislied  in  th<^  outskirts  of  liro^jklyn. 
Long  I.-<land,  Itwjer ;  Poland,  Maine,  Miss  Furbish.     (Ailv.  fruni  Ku.) 

-»—   -4—   Indigenous   species  of  the    Souiliern   States  :    leaves   narmwly    oldung,    linear,    or 
spatulate. 
S.  uniflora,  Walt.     Weak  and  slender:  stems  decumbent  or  suberect,  a  f<«>t  in  length: 
leaves  linear,  acute,  or  the  lower  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  JKdow,  niiicronate,  8  to  12 
lines  in  length;  tiie  floral  much  reduced  :  flowers  few,  solitary,  on  elongated  slender  pedun- 
cles:  calyx  soft  in  texture,  sepals  scarcely  veined.  —  Car.  141  ;    I'orr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  \XA; 
Cbajjui.  Fl.  50.     Aremma  t/labni,  Ell.  Sk.  i.  520,  not  Michx.  ;   Wood,  Hot.  &  Fl.  50.     Alsine 
irrt/<en,  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  34.  —  Moi.st  meadows,  North  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Alabama, 
n^hichell ;  fl."  March  to  May. 
S.   Nuttallii,  Torr.  &  Gk.w.     Annual,  a  sj)an  high:  leaves  linear-<jblong,  obtusish  ;    the 
upper  iMiuh  reduced  l)Ut  not  .scarious  :  flowers  in  dichotomoiis  nicemes  ;  pedic<ds  horizontally 
spreading,  9  lines  in  length:  corolla  G  to  8  lines  broad.  —  Fl.  i.  183  ;  Fielding.  Sert.  I'l.  t.  18. 
Alsine  Dnimmondii,  Fenzl  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  675.     Alsinr  NnUallii,  (iray,  (Jen.  111.  ii.  34. 
—  Arkansas,  Nuttall :  Indian  Terr.,  Carlflon  (ace.  to  Ilolzinger) ;  Louisiana,  Hale;  Centnil 
Texius,  iJiummond,  Lindheiiner,  Wriijht,  Uall. 
.(—-)—-»—   Indigenous  glandular-pubescent  species  of  tiie  Rocky  Mts.  and  ra(  ific  Slope. 
S.  dichotoma,  L.     Stems  terete,  profusely  and  dichotomously  branched  :  leaves  ovate  to 
ovate  laineolate,  acute  or  acutish,  cordate,  spreading,  6  to  12  lines  in   length  :  peduncles 
1-flowered,  springing  from  the  forks   of  the  branches,  considerably  excee(liiig  the  leaves, 
commonly  deflexed  in  fruit :  sepals  lanceolate,  acute,  usually  alwut  ecpialling  the  jietals.  — 
Spec.  i.  421  ;  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  378.  —  An  Asiatic  species  of  great  variability. 

Var.  Americana,  1'outeu.  Leaves  oval,  obtusish:  sepals  oblong,  obtuse,  only  1^ 
lines  long,  coiisidiTably  exceeded  by  tlie  ratlier  narrow  white  petals.  —  I'orter  in  Rolnnson, 
I'roc.  .\m.  Acad.  xxix.  289. — Collected  near  Virginia  City,  Montana,  \V.  Ii.  I'lutt. 
S.  Jamesii,  Torr.  Viscid  above  :  stem  strongly  angled  :  leaves  elongated,  lanceolate, 
attenuate,  smooth,  2  to  4  inches  in  length,  1  to  8  lines  broad  near  the  closely  sessile  base : 
flowers  in  a  leafy  terminal  panicle:  se]mls  oldong,  herl)aceous,  2  lines  in  length.  —  Ann. 
Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  169  (as  S.  Jnmesiuna],  &  I'acif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  69 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  183  ;  Wats. 
Bot.  King  Exp.  38.  ?  S.  (jrnmiiiea,  James,  Cat.  181. —  Woodlands  and  "creek  bottoms," 
Rockv  Mts.  of  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona  to  Central  California  and  Washington, 
Brandeqpe^  Henderson;  Idaho.  Miss  Mnlford;  fl.  June  to  October.  Leaves  varying  greatly 
in  breadth  even  on  the  same  individual. 

^—  -4—  -1—  -»—  Glal>rous  Alaskan  densely  cespitose  species  :  leaves  very  small. 
S.  dicranoides,  Fknzi,.  Dw.arf  and  tufted  perennial:  stems  numerous,  covered  with  the 
small  oblong  cnneate  closely  imbricated  leaves:  flowers  small.  S(ditary,  terminal,  short- 
peiluncled  :  petals  shorter  than  the  oblong-lanceolate  .sepals.  —  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i. 
395  ;  Seem.  B<jt.  Herald,  26,  t.  3.  Cherleria  tlirraimides,  (^ham.  &  Schlecht.  Linna>a,  i.  63.  — 
Cai>e  Lisbume,  N.  W.  Alaska,  Seemnnn.  (Adj.  Siberia.  C/uimis.<!o,  Ksrh.icli<>ll:.)  A  very 
distinct  s](eries,  but  not  recently  collected  nor  very  well  known. 

12.  ARENARIA,  L.  S.wnwORT.  (Arena,  .sand,  a  s:in<ly  pluv.  from 
the  habitat  of  .several  species.)  —  Leaves  .sessile  or  nearly  so,  either  li;it  and  with 
well -developed  blades  or  more  frequently  awl-shaped  or  aeerose.  Flowers  of  Stel- 
Inrln,  but  with  petals  entire  or  barely  retuse  ('sometimes  more  deeply  eli-ft  in  A. 
pntiiln  and  A.  cnpiUaris).  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  I,  &  Gen.  no.  .'{71.  in  part  (n:im<'  use«l  by 
Ruppius  for  various  Alsinetr)  ;  lienth.  &  Hook.  Gvn.  i.  l.')0;  \V:its.  Hild.  Imh-x, 
91:   Hook.  f.  &  Jackson,  Index  Kew.  i.  178;   Kobinsou,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix. 


238  CARY0PIIYLLACE.1:.  Arenaria. 

289.  Alsine,  Wahlenb.  Fl.  Lapp.  127,  not  L.  Arenaria,  Merkia,  &  Honckenya, 
Torr.  «&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  176,  178.  Arenaria,  Sabidina,  Minuartia,  Tryphane^  Alsi- 
nanthe,  etc.,  Reicheiib.  Ic.  Fl.  Genu.  v.  t.  204—219.  Alsine,  Arenaria,  Mcehringia, 
Merckia,  &  Dolophragma,  Pax  in  Engl.  &,  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  lb, 
82-84.  —  A  composite  genus,  and,  when  taken  as  here  in  its  more  comprehensive 
sense,  the  largest  of  the  Alsine^.  Plants  of  wide  distribution  both  as  regards 
latitude  and  altitude,  and  possessing  in  consequence  much  variability  in  aspect ; 
being  rather  slender  annuals  or  herbaceous  perennials  of  the  habit  of  Stellaria,  or 
often  more  densely  tufted  and  occasionally  distinctly  woody  at  the  base. 

§  1.  MtEiiRfxGiA,  Benth.  &  Hook.  Seeds,  at  least  when  young,  provided  at 
the  hilum  with  a  light-colored  spongy  appendage  (strophiole).  Habit  of  Stellaria. 
—  Gen.  i.  150.  Mcehringia,  L.  Phil.  Bot.  32  ;  Fenzl  in  Eudl.  Gen.  908;  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  390  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  36,  t.  112. 

A.  lateriflora,  L-  Stems  terete,  weak,  often  decumbent,  puberulent :  leaves  elliptic-oblong 
or  oval,  obtuse  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  thin,  puberulent  or  at  least  (under  lens)  papillose- 
roughened,  5  to  10  lines  long  ;  the  veins  and  edges  beneath  covered  with  a  fine  spreading 
pubescence:  cymes  pedunculate  and  somewhat  umbellately  few(l-())-tlowered  :  sepals  ovate, 
obtuse  or  scarcely  acute,  1  \  lines  long,  only  one  third  to  one  half  the  length  of  the  obovate 
petals:  filaments  pubescent.  —  Spec.  i.  423  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  102,  t.  36  ;  Torr.  &  Gray, 
Fl.  i.  182,  675.  A.  Pennsylvanica,  Muhl  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  iii.  169.  A.  btixifolia,  Poir. 
Diet.  vi.  362;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  182.  A.  Haeukeaiia,  Burtl.  in  Presl,  Rel.  Haeuk.  ii.  15. 
Stellaria  bijiora,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  317.  Mixhrlngia  lateriflora,  Feuzl,  Verbreit.  Alsiu.  18,  38,  &  in 
Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  371  ;  Gray,  1.  c.  —  New  Englaud  to  New  Jersey,  Colorado,  Oregon,  and 
northward  to  the  Arctic  Ocean  ;  fl.  May  to  August.  (Siberia.)  Var.  glabrescens,  Robin- 
son, n.  comb.  {Mahrimjia  lateriflora,  w&r.  glabrescens,  Regel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxv.  259), 
■with  glabrate  or  even  glabrous  leaves,  has  been  collected  in  Delta  Co.,  Colorado,  J.  U.  Cuwen, 
and  on  Peel's  River  near  the  mouth  of  the  Mackenzie,  Miss  Taylor.  (Siberia.) 
A.  macroph^Ua,  Hook.  Stems  decumbent,  angled,  pulverulent-pubescent :  leaves  lan- 
ceolate, acutish  to  acuminate  at  both  ends  (less  commonly  elliptic,  obtusish),  1  to  3  inches  in 
length,  glabrous,  more  or  less  punctate :  peduncles  slender,  terminal  or  becoming  axillary, 
1-5-flowered:  sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  very  acuminate,  exceeding  the  petals.  —  Fl.  Bor.-Am. 
i.  102,  t.  37  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  182;  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  69;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
viii.  378;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  125.  Mahringia  macropht/lla,  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exp.  246. — 
Extending  from  San  Diego,  Orciitt,  northward  through  California,  Oregon,  and  Washington, 
into  Brit.  America,  and  eastward  to  Isle  St.  Ignace,  Lake  Superior,  Wheeler;  fl.  April  to 
August.  While  the  essential  floral  characters  remain  the  same,  there  is  considerable  varia- 
tion iu  the  size,  texture,  and  shape  of  the  leaves. 

§  2.  Ammodenia,  Benth.  &  Hook.  1.  c.  151.  Styles  3  to  5  :  disk  conspicuous, 
10-lobed  and  glanduliferous:  cap.sule  globose,  somewhat  baccate ;  seeds  not  stro- 
phiolate. — Ammodenia,  Patrin  in  Gmelin,  Fl.  Sib.  iv.  160.  Honkenya,  Ehrh. 
Beitr.  ii.  180.  Haliunthus,  Fries,  Fl.  Hall.  75.  Adenarium,  Raf.  Am.  Monthly 
Mag.  ii.  266,  «fe  Jour.  Phys.  Ixxxix.  259.  —  A  single  stout  fleshy  species  of  mari- 
time habitat  and  with  axillary  flowers. 

A.  peploides,  L.  Perennial,  glabrous :  stems  a  span  in  height,  .stout,  angled  :  leaves  thick, 
ovate  or  oliovate,  1-nerved,  shortly  pointed,  clasping  at  the  broad  ba.se:  sepals  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  3i  lines  in  length,  about  equalling  the  petals.  —  Spec.  i.  423 ;  Pursh, 
Fl.  i.  317.  Alsine  peploides,  Crantz,  Inst.  ii.  406.  Honkenya  peploides,  Ehrh.  I.e.  181; 
Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  358;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  32,  t.  110.  Adenarium  peploides,  Raf. 
11.  cc.  —  Seashores,  from  New  Jersey  and  Washington  State,  Henderson,  northward ;  fl. 
July  to  September.  (Greenland,  N.  Eu.,  Asia.)  On  the  Northwest  Coast  the  commoner 
form  is 


AreiHiria.  CAUVoril  VLLACK.i:.  239 

Var.  major,  Hook.     Taller:  leaves  longer,  often  15  lines  in  loiif,'t)i,  oI.Imh;,' or  <.MaiHC<)- 
late,  more  poinUii  and  liecidedlv  narrowed  to  liie    liase  —  Fl.  Hor.Aiii.  i    lOi'.     ,1.  >,irh>ti- 
sis,  Dietr.  Syn.   I'l.   ii.  1505.     jioitrhni/a  ul.l„„<ji/olla,  'I'orr.  ."t  (;ra.v.  M.  i.  ITC.     ILmLrnya 
pepluides,  var.  oU<>ii;/i/<>liu,  Kenzl,  1.  c.  —  WaMliin^ton  to  Alaska.     IniiR-rfe.t  Kpecimons  (|K;r- 
haps  of  the  type  rather  than  the  variety)  from  Yellowstone  Lake.  Wyominj;.  eollectc.l  Uy 
Adams  on  the   Ilayden  Siirv..  and  kindly  eommiinieatcd  hy  Professor  Porter,  (thow  a  uote- 
worthy  inland  occurrenie  of  this  usually  maritime  sp<-cie».     (Silteria,  Japan.) 
§   3.    MicRCKlA,  Benth.  &  Hook.  1.  c  ir>l.     Styles  3  to  O;  ovarv  3-'i-<-cllc(l : 
capsule    large,    depressed-j^lohose,    souu'what    inflated,    niany-seeded  ;    swds    not 
stropliiolate.  — Merckia,  Fiscli.  in  Cliaiu.  &,  Sclileclit.  Linnjca,  i.  .09;   Fenzl,  1.  r. 
3iiU;  Pax  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  PManzonf.  iii.  Ab.  II),  84.     Merkia,  Torn.  «fc 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  17G.  —  A  single  glandular  and  slightly  fleshy  species  of  the  North- 
west. 

A.  physodes,  Fiscn.  Perennial,  cespitose  :  stems  weak,  deeumhent,  3  to  fi  inches  in  len>,'th  : 
leaves  ovate,  cus])idately  pointed,  4  to  6  lines  lonj; :  Huwers  sc.litary  at  the  summit  of  the 
stem  or  becoming  lateral :  sepals  laiiee-oblong,  acute,  .3  lines  in  length,  eipialling  or  slightly 
exceeding  the  petals  :  capsule  4  lines  (said  to  become  half  an  inch)  in  diameter.—  Ki.sch.  in 
DC.  Prodr.  i.  413;  Wats.  Bibl.  ludex,  97.  Merckia  physodes,  Fi.srh.  I.e.  59;  Hook.  1.  c 
103;  Terr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  Stellaria  orullfolia.  Hook.  1.  c.  97  ;  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  \T>. 
—  Brit.  Columbia  to  N.  Alaska;  fl.  .July,  August.     (E.  Siberia.) 

§  4.  Arenaria  proper.  Styles  normally  3 :  capsule  ovoid,  dehiscent  hv  2- 
toothed  or  -cleft  valves;  seeds  not  strophiolate.  —  ^^r/mnV/ of  many  authors,  .is 
Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  360 ;  Kegel,  1.  c.  215 ;  Pax,  I.e.;  William.s,  Hull. 
Herb.  Boiss.  iii.  593,  etc. 

♦  Leaves  ovate,  elliptic  or  linear,  not  acerose. 
+-  Annuals. 
A.  ."SERPYLLiKbi.i.i,  L.  (TnvMK-LK.WED  SANDWORT.)  Annual,  finely  pul)0.scent,  much 
branched:  leaves  very  short,  2  to  3j  lines  in  length,  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  rather 
distinctly  3-5-nerved,  rounded  at  the  ba.se;  only  the  lowest  being  narrowed  to  sliort  peti- 
oles: flowers  numerous  in  open  leafy  cymes;  pedicels  1  to  3  times  the  length  of  the  ovate- 
lanceolate  acuminate  hispidulous  sepals:  petals  small,  about  two  thirds  the  length  of  the 
sepals:  capsule  flask-shaped.  —  Spec.  i.  423;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  274;  Kll.  Sk.  i.  518;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  182.  —  Sandy  soil,  Lower  Canada  and  New  Kngland  to  Florida,  westward  to 
Oregon,  Washington,  and  Brit.  Columbia;  fl.  A])ril  to  June.     (Nat  from  F,u.) 

Var.  TKXLioK,  Koch.  More  delicate:  leaves  reduce<I,  lanceolate:  flowers  smaller  in  a 
nearly  naked  raccmo.se  panicle:  capsule  more  oblong.  —  Synop.  117.  A.  le/iiiM-lndos,  (iuns. 
Fl.  Sic.  Syn.  iii.  824.  —  Dry  situations,  less  frequent  than  the  type;  Maine,  Femald :  Ver- 
mont, Boon  ;  Oregon,  Brandeqee  ;  W;ishiugton,  Suksdiirf;  fl.  Mav  to  August.  (Adv.  from 
Eu.) 

A.  Benthdmii,  Fenzl.  A  slen<ler  annual,  branched  from  the  ba.se;  brandies  finely  pulM-.*- 
cent  in  lines:  leaves  short,  3  to  4  lines  in  lengtli,  elliptic-lanceolate,  acute  and  apiculate, 
often  punctate,  narrowed  to  sessile  bases,  or  the  lowest  to  short  ciliated  petioles;  floral 
leaves  much  reduced  :  pedicels  filiform,  many  times  exceeding  the  ovate  ncuminate  glabnms 
often  punctate  sepals:  seeds  dark  br<iwn.  minutely  tubercuhite. —  Fen/1  in  Torr  &  (•ray, 
F'l.  i.  675;  (Jray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  18;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  3r..  .1.  m-mticJn,  Buckley, 
Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1861,  449.  —  Rocky  ground,  Texas,  where  first  coll.  by  Drummond ;  New 
Mexico,  Thtiiitr. 

+-    -t-   Perenni.ils. 

A.  ciliata,  L-  .Minutely  glandiilarpuberulent :  stems  numerotis,  slender,  terete,  leafy, 
densely  m;itted,  or  in  less  exposed  situ:itions  spreading  and  ascemling.  1  to  5  inches  long, 
terminally  1-3-flowered  :  leaves  small,  ovate-<ilil"ng  or  lance-oldong,  s<arcely  acute,  I  to  .'l 
lines  in  length,  distinctly  ciliato  near  the  cuneatc  base  :  pcdunclca  erect,  2  to  5  liue«  long : 


240  CARYOPIIYLLACE.E.  Arenaria. 

sepals  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  nerved,  Ij  to  U  lines  long:  petals  of  similar  shape  and  ecjual 
length:  stamens  8  to  10:  valves  of  tlie  cajjsiile  ratlier  deeply  liitid,  exteeding  the  cahx. — 
Spec.  i.  425;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  411  ;  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  F\.  Koss.  i.  370.  (High  nmunlains  and 
arctic  regions  of  Europe.) 

Var.  (')  humifusa,  IIornem.  Leaves  without  ciliatiou  :  sepals  nerveless.  —  Iloruem. 
in  l^ange,  I'l.  Gra-n.  132.  A.  Xorver/icu,  Gunu.  Fl.  Norv.  ii.  145,  t.  9,  f.  7-9.  A.  humifusa, 
Wahleub.  Fl.  Lapp.  129.  —  Kich  soil,  Brit.  America,  Mt.  Albert,  Gaspe,  Allen,  Porter;  Lake 
Mistassini,  ./.  M.  Macoun,  and  what  is  with  scarcely  a  doubt  the  same  thing  at  Kicking 
Horse  Lake  in  the  Kocky  Mts.,  J.  Macoun.     (Greeulaud,  N.  Eu.) 

A.  alsinoides,  Willd.  Minutely  pubescent  with  slightly  hooked  hairs  or  smootiiish : 
stems  long,  procumbent,  moderately  branched :  leaves  narrowly  ellijjtic,  acute,  narrowed 
below,  commonly  pseudoverticillate,  8  to  10  lines  long,  punctate :  flowers  axillary,  solitary 
at  the  nodes :  pedicels  filiform,  elongated,  sj)reading  or  horizontal,  nearly  or  (juite  an  inch  in 
length:  sepals  ovate,  acute,  tuberculate-puuclate,  If  lines  long:  petals  commonly  smaller  or 
wanting:  seeds  smooth  and  shining.  —  Willd.  in  Schlecht.  Berl.  Gesell.  Nat.  Fr.  Mag.  vii 
(1816),  201;  Wats.  Proc  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  327.  A.  diffusa,  Ell.  Sk.  i.  519.  A.  nemorosa, 
HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  vi.  35.  A.  lanuginosa,  Rohrb.  in  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  2,  274,  t.  63. 
Sper(fulastnim  lamujinosum,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  275.  iPolycurpon  unijiorum,  Walt.  Car.  83.  Micro- 
petalon  lanwjinosum,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  509.  Stellaria  elongata,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  289.  S.  lanuginosa, 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  187,  675.—  Moist  shaded  ground.  North  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Texas, 
Druminond,  Hall.  (Me.x.,  S.  Amer.)  A  more  western  form,  represented  from  New  Mexico 
by  Fendler's  58  and  62  and  Wright's  864,  has  slightly  firmer  stems,  more  numerous  sub- 
paniculate  flowers,  and  leaves  less  narrowed  at  the  base.  In  all  these  respects  it  shows  a 
transition  to  the  following. 

A.  saxosa,  Gray.  Finely  puberulent,  green  or  glaucescent:  stems  many,  spreading  from 
a  ratlier  stout  root,  decumbent  or  creeping  at  the  base,  2  inches  to  a  foot  long:  leaves 
numerous,  opposite,  not  fascicled  or  pseudoverticillate  (sometimes  crowded),  slight!}'  fleshy, 
lance-oblong,  acute,  mucrouate,  2  to  9  lines  long,  sessile  by  a  scarcely  narrowed  base  :  flowers 
terminal  and  subsolitary  on  short  simple  peduncles  or  iu  stouter  individuals  numerous  and 
more  or  less  paniculate :  petals  almost  or  quite  equalling  the  ovate-lanceolate  sharply  acumi- 
nate slightly  fleshy  sepals.  —  PI.  Wright,  ii.  18;  Walp  Ann.  iv.  258.  Mcehringia  umhrosa. 
Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  13,  &  PI.  Wright,  ii.  18,  not  Fenzl.  —  Colorado,  Brandegee,  Hooker  &  Grn;i ; 
Guadelupe  Mts.,  Texas, //ai-arc?;  New  Mexico,  Ff?i^/er,  Wright,  Wooton  ;  ATizona,  Both  rock-, 
Lemmon,  Jones,  Rusby.  (Lower  Calif.,  Orcutt.)  A  species  of  wide  range,  occurring  alike 
in  rocky  subalpine  regions  and  much  lower  upon  sandy  banks,  accordingly  varying  mucli  in 
height  and  diffuseness  of  branching.     The  type  is  a  condensed  few-flowered  form. 

Var.    cinerascens,   Robinson.     Somewhat  more  rigid,  grayish  throughout  with  a 
fine  pubescence:  leaves  pungent. — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  293.  —  Huachuca  Mts.,  Arizona, 
Lemmon. 
#  *   Leaves  very  narrowly  linear,  commonly  acerose,  often  rigid  and  pungent:  western 

species. 
•i—   Sepals  broadly  ovate,  mo.stly  very  obtuse  or  at  least  obtusish :    flowers   not   densely 

aggregated. 
A.  capillaris,  Poir.  Leaves  chiefly  grouped  at  the  bas'e  in  fascicles  upon  a  multicipital 
c;iudex,  6  lines  to  2^  inches  long,  somewhat  pungent,  little  spreading;  the  cauline  few  pairs, 
much  reduced:  stems  4  to  8  inches  in  height:  petals  obovate,  considerably  exceeding  the 
short  obtuse  sepals. —  Diet.  vi.  380  ;  Regel,  1.  c.  247.  Alsine  nardi folia,  Anderson,  Cat.  118. 
The  tyi)ical  glabrous  form  with  straight  leaves  is  comparatively  rare  in  America,  but  occa- 
sionally occurs  with  var.  nardifolia,  Regel,  1.  c.  253,  which  is  glabrous  with  curved  leaves 
{A.  nardifolia,  Ledeb.  Fl.  Alt.  ii.  166,  &  Ic.  t.  6;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor -Am.  i.  98,  t.  32),  and  the 
more  common  form,  var.  form6sa,  Regel,  1.  c.  252,  which  has  the  stem  and  inflorescence 
glandular  (A.formosa,  Fischer  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  402;  Hook.  f.  Arc.  PI.  287,  322;  I'orr. 
Bot.  Wilkes  Exp.  243).  —  Central  California  to  T'tah,  Montana,  and  Brit.  Columbia.    (Asia.) 

Var.  ursina,  RoBiNso>f,  n.  comb.  Caudex  more  densely  multicipital  and  bearing 
closer  fascicles  or  rosettes  of  very  short  filiform-linear  thickish  glaucous  glandular-ciliolate 
white  punctate  apiculate  leaves  (only  2  to  3  lines  iu  length):  sepals  nerveless,  little  exceeded 


Areunria.  CAK  V<  )l'll  V  l.l,A(  K.E.  211 

h_v  the  wliiti-  nMonj;  sli^'lilly  fiiiar;,'in:itf  ].ot:ils.  —  .t.  unn'mi,  Holiiiinon.  IV.m-.  Am.  A«:i.l.  x.\ix. 
2'J4.— Dry  liills,  IJ.ar  Naili-y,  San  H.Tiiar<liii<.  Mts..  /'.;;/>/,  /!,„».,  Aii(,MiMt.  I«m2.  Fiirtliir 
inatcriul  ot  iliis  variety,  sciiirfd  from  tlio  name  locality  in  .Iniic,  IH'jr>,  liy  >.  li.  I'antI,,  lcavi-n 
little  doulit  that  it  is  best  regarded  :u-<  a  condensed  stunted  form  of  ,1.  rajiiliarii,  witli  hliorti-r 
petals. 

•t-   •<—   Sepals  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  shorter  liian  the  jK^tals  (except 
in  -1.  coni/igla,  var.  I'arlslilorum). 

A.  COmpacta,  CoviLLK.     Koot  thick,  ligneous  :  candex  mucii  hraiiched  ami  txariiig  verv 

elo.suly  tufted   rosulately  spreading  suhulate  glauc<ins  leaves;  these  not  exc ling  2  lines  in 

length,  minutely  glandular,  ciliale:  stems  shniier,  an  inch  or  more  in  height,  simple  or 
sparingly  branched,  almost  nakeii,  the  cauline  leaves  being  few  and  much  reduced:  llowen* 
terminal  ou  the  branches:  sepals  1.^  lines  long,  scarious-niargined,  thickened  in  the  middle, 
attenuate.  —  Proc.  Hiol.  Soc.  Wash.  vii.  67,  &  ("ontrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  70,  t.  5.  —  Cali- 
fornia, mountains  of  Tulare  Co.,  Corille ;  Bloody  Canon,  M(jiio  Co.,  C'on'itlnii. 
A.  COngesta,  Nitt.  Smooth  or  rarely  with  slight  traces  of  a  minute  glandular  pnberu- 
lence :  stems  .-ilcnder,  simple,  5  to  14  inches  high,  numerous,  si>ringing  from  a  matted 
uon-ligueous  caudex :  Irnsal  leaves  erect,  giamineous-.-^etaceous,  6  lines  to  .3  inches  long, 
ciliolate-.serrate  near  the  base  :  cauline  leaves  rather  distant,  gradually  reduceil :  Howcn« 
sessile  in  1  to  3  dense  heads  (subtended  by  l-**everal  pairs  of  scarious -margined  l)r.icts): 
sepals  carinate,  ob.scurely  3-nerved,  scarious  except  in  the  middle,  2  lines  long,  considerably 
exceeded  by  the  narrowly  oblong  petals:  stigmas  not  strictly  cai)itate.  —  Nutt.  in  'I'orr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  178;  Torr.  in  Frem.  Kep.  87;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Kxp.  39;  I'orter  &  Coulter.  KI. 
Col.  13;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  69;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  123  (excl.  syn.);  K.  Brando- 
gee,  Zoc,  ii.  161.  —  Kocky  Mts.  of  Colorado  and  Wyoming  to  the  Yosemite,  ace.  to  Mrs. 
Brandcgce,  and  northward  to  Washington,  Snksrlorf. 

Var.  SUflrutescens,  Hohinson.  Caudex  sometimes,  perhaps  always,  very  ligneous : 
its  branches  becoming  2  to  3  lines  in  diameter,  bearing  fa.«cicle<l  snbe(|nal  leaves  (an  inch  or 
less  in  length)  :  flowers  somewhat  smaller  (sepals  l\  lines  long)  in  cajiitate  umbels:  pedicels 
slender,  2  to  3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx  :  stigmas  capitate.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Ac;ul.  xxix.  295  ; 
Biewerinn  siijfnilesn^ns,  Gray,  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  620,  under  .1.  ronffrsta  ;  Brew.  &  Wat.s. 
Bot.  Calif,  i.  69;  Wat.s.  Bibl.  Index,  95;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  123.  —  Calif..rnia,  Cisco. 
Bo/anilcr  &  Kel/ogtj ;  Emigrant  Gap,  ./ones  ,•  Tulare  Co.,  Corille  &  Funston.  A  form  too  well 
marked  in  its  foliage,  ligneous  caudex,  and  alliuiit-Wke  inflorescence  to  Ik?  united  with  the 
ty{)ical  A.  rorifjpntn,  yet  apj)earing  to  intergrade  with  it.  One  of  the  transitional  forms  has 
been  cidlected  in  .Sierra  \'alley  by  Lemmon. 

Vax.  SUbcongesta,  W.vtson.  Caudex  more  or  less  ligneous,  stems  smooth,  glandu- 
lar- or  pulveruleiit-pulpcscent,  often  knotted  with  enlarged  nodes:  flowers  as  in  the  type, 
but  borne  in  more  or  less  expanded  dichotomoi\s  cymes:  leaves  varying  greatly  in  length 
and  texture.  — Bot.  Calif,  i.  69,  &  Bibl.  Index.  454.  A.  FnuUeri,  \ar.  .iulH-oi,</,stti,  Wats. 
Bot.  King  Exp.  40,  &  I'l.  "Wheeler,  6;  Porter  &  Coulter,  Fl.  Col.  13;  Kothr.  Enum.  PI.  Col, 
35.  .1.  Fendkri,  var.  ijlahrescrns,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  40,  &  Bibl.  Index,  95,  differs  only 
in  its  still  looser  inflorescence,  and  should  doubtless  be  referred  hither. —  K<Kky  Mts.  of 
Colorailo  and  Arizona,  Xpirhfrn/,  northward  to  Brit.  America.  Cypre.^s  Hills,  Muroiiu,  and 
Lewis  Biver,  D<nison  (ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun),  and  westwiird  to  Oregon,  I/innll,  ;\in\  Cali- 
fornia, Sierra  Co.,  I.fmmon,  Donner  Pass,  Tmre;i. 

Var.  Kingii,  Koiunson,  n.  comb.  Habit  and  glandular  pul>escencc  as  in  l.H>se-rtowered 
forms  of  the  preceding  variety  :  petals  emarginate  to  deeply  bifid.  —  .1.  A  i»i'/".  .lones,  Proc. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  v.  627.'  Siflhtria  Kiii'/ii,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  39.  t.  6.  —  Mountains 
of  N.  Xev.ida,  Watson,  to  Utah.  Parry,  Palmrr,  Junes,  and  Wmil  (form  with  |H'tals  merely 
emarginate)  ;    fl.  .July,  August. 

Var.  macradenia,  .I<inks.  1.  c.  626.  Glabrous  or  nearly  .«o :  rootstock  more  or  Icsji 
ligneous,  extensively  and  irregularly  branciied  :  stems  stout  for  tlie  genus,  6  to  15  inchm 
high,  knotted  with  the  enlarged  nodes:  leaves  chiefly  cauline.  glaucous,  rigid,  pungent, 
6  lines  to  2.\  inches  hmg  :  flowers  large,  in  an  ojjeu  cyme:  sepals  fleshy,  sul>carinate,  2^  to 
2}  lines  long,  with  membranous  margins  :  jM-tals  considenibly  exserted.  oUivato  or  oblong 
with  obtusish  .sometimes  aurided  b.ases  :  stamineal  glands  nuxlenitely  deveK'|>od  i>tigm.i.« 
subcapitatc. —  .1.  macradenia,  Wats.  Pr<H\  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  367,  iu  part. — S.  E.  Califumi*, 

16 


242  CARYOPIIYLLACE.E.  Arenaria. 

Parish  Bros.,   Olicer,    Coville  &  Funston,  Davidson;   S.   Utah,  Parrij,  Palmer;    Arizona, 
Palmer,  Leiiiiiion. 

Var.  Parishiorum,  Koni>?ox,  n.  comb.  Smooth  or  minutely  glandular-pubescent : 
caudex  scarcely  ligneous,  densely  multicipital :  stems  slender ;  nodes  not  conspicuously  en- 
larged :  leaves  chierty  basal :  petals  narrowed  at  their  bases,  shorter  than  or  barely  equalling 
the  sepals,  these  fully  3  lines  in  length:  stamiueal  glands  very  large.  —  A.  viacradenlu,  var. 
Parishiorum,  Kobin.son,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxi.x.  296.  ^1.  mucrudcnia,  Wats.  1.  c,  in  part.  — 
Comniou  on  mountains  bordering  the  Mojave  Desert,  Parish  Bros. 

A.  aculeata,  Watsox.  Leaves  grouped  chiefly  in  fascicles  at  the  summits  of  a  nmltiripital 
caudex,  decidedly  glaucous,  rigid  and  pungent  and  with  age  strongly  spreading,  often  purple, 
6  to  12  lines  in  length;  cauline  leaves  few,  shorter:  stems  simple  up  to  the  few-flowered 
cymes,  4  to  6  inches  high  :  sepals  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or  acutish  :  petals  rather  narrow, 
ellipticoblanceolate,  obtuse,  U  to  2  times  as  long  as  the  sepals. — Bot.  King  Exp.  40,  & 
Bibl.  Index,  94.  A.  congesta,  var.  aculeata,  Jones,  1.  c. — Chiefly  in  mountainous  di.stricts 
from  Oregon,  Nevius,  Cusick,  Howell,  to  X.  Nevada,  Watson,  S.  Utah  and  (?)  Arizona, 
Palmer,  Toumei/. 
-t—  -1—  -t—  Sepals  laiu-eolate  to  lance-linear,  attenuate,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  petals. 
•H-  Flowers  cymose,  not  densely  aggregated. 

A.  Fendleri,  Gr.vt.  Rather  pale  and  glaucous,  finely  glandular-pubescent  above  :  stems  nu- 
mcrdus,  erect,  leafy,  4  to  1.5  inches  liigh,  closely  aggregated  upon  the  summit  of  a  tiiick  root : 
basal  leaves  setaceous,  gramineous,  ciliolate  or  (juite  smooth,  2  to  4  inches  in  lengtli,  somewhat 
pungent;  thecaulinegradually  shorter,  connate  and  sheathing  at  the  base  :  internodes  an  inch 
or  two  long:  inflorescence  dichotomous,  few -many-flowered:  sepals  attenuate,  glandular, 
nearly  equalling  the  obovate  white  or  pale  yellow  petals  (2i  to  3  lines  in  length) :  capsule 
commonly  a  fourth  shorter.  —  PI.  Fendl.  13;  Torr.  Pacif.  K.  Kep.  iv.  69;  Wats.  Bot.  King 
Exp.  40,  exclusive  of  var.  (jiahresrens ;  Porter  &  Coulter,  Fl.  Col.  13.  —  Chiefly  in  the  l^x'ky 
Mts.,  but  sometimes  among  the  sage-brush  of  the  plains,  Nebraska,  Engelmann ;  Wyoming, 
Nelson;  and  Colorado  to  New  Mexico,  G.  R.  Vasey ;  San  Francisco  Mts.,  Arizona,  Lemmon; 
Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  Nevin.  The  var.  diffusa.  Porter  &  Coulter  (Fl.  Col.  13),  is  a  greener 
form  from  the  Rocky  Mts.  of  Colorado  and  Wyoming,  with  a  more  lax  and  spreading  inflo- 
rescence and  often  although  not  always  larger  flowers.  It  intergrades  with  the  type  so  that 
in  the  herbarium  specimens  at  least  its  separation  is  often  unsatisfactory.  Another  form, 
collected  by  Prof.  Porter  in  the  Garden  of  the  Gods,  has  very  small  flowers  (sepals  IJ  to  1-J- 
lines  in  length)  upon  curved  and  spreading  branches. 

++  ++  Flowers  densely  fascicled  at  the  summit  of  the  stem. 

A.  Franklinii,  Dougl.  Caudex  of  numerous  procumbent  more  or  less  elongated  branches, 
covered  with  somewhat  persistent  dried  leaves:  stems  quite  smooth,  erect,  simple,  3  to  5 
inches  high,  somewhat  rigid  but  fragile,  bearing  3  to  6  pairs  of  narrowly  subulate  pungent 
spreading  smooth  or  ciliolate  and  minutely  scabrous  leaves  (5  to  9  lines  long) :  cymes  den.se, 
sub-involucrate  :  sepals  elongated,  attenuate,  pungent  with  slightly  spreading  tips,  1-nerved, 
4  to  6  lines  long,  distinctly  exceeding  the  petals.  —  Dougl  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  101,  t.  35 ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  178;  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  244. — Sandy  soil,  Oregon,  Douglas, 
Li/all,  Howell,  Nevius,  Cusick;  Washington,  Suksdorf;  Idaho,  ^^iss  Mulford.  Specimens 
collected  by  Douglas  at  source  of  the  Missouri  may  well  have  been  the  next  species. 

A.  Hookeri,  Nltt.  Caudex  densely  multicipital:  stems  1  to  4  inches  high,  pubescent : 
leaves  shorter  than  in  the  last :  flowers  smaller  and  petals  about  equalling  or  slightly  exceed- 
ing the  .sepals.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  178.  .1.  Franklinii,  var.  minor.  Hook.  &  Arn. 
Bot.  Beech.  326  ;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  9.5;  Coulter,  Man.  Rocky  Mt.  Reg.  35.  A.  Franklinii, 
Engelm.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  n.  ser.  xii.  186  ;  Coulter,  1.  c,  in  great  part ;  Hook.  f.  &  Jack- 
son, Index  Kew.  i.  179,  in  part.  A.  pungens,  Webber,  Cat.  Fl.  Neb.  1 14.  —  Nebraska,  Ryd- 
herg,  Webber;  Rocky  Mts.,  lat.  40°,  Nutfall ;  Colorado,  Vasey,  Crandall ;  Wyoming,  Hay- 
den,  Parry,  Porter,  Greene,  Sheldon,  Nelson  ;  ])lainsof  Green  River,  (rray ;  Montana,  Tweedy. 
This  species  with  much  the  habit  of  the  preceding  differs  in  its  much  denser  caudex  and 
constantly  pubescent  stem,  as  well  as  in  the  distinctions  indicated.  The  stem  is  terete  even 
in  a  dried  state,  while  the  stems  of  A.  Franklinii  in  drying  become  furrowed  and  augulate, 
as  though  .slightly  fleshy. 


Arenaria.  CAi;V(  (I'll  VI.I,A(  K-K.  21^ 

§5.  Ai.siNi.,  Pxiitli.  iV;  Ilimk.  (':i|isiilf  ovoiil,  .'5-v:iIv(«l  ;  v.ilvcK  fiitiri' ;  seeds 
not  strupliiolHtc :  iiiatlcil  |K'n-iiiiialH  ur  ilc-lii-att-  aiiiiiials.  UMially  witli  narrow 
linear  subulate  or  aeerose  li-aves.  —  (Jen.  i.  1.jO.  AIsi'ik;  Walili-iil).  Fl.  Lapji.  ]'2~  ; 
Fenzl  in  LciUb.  Fl.  Ko.vs.  i.  .'Ml;  Pax  in  Fii;,'l.  cV  I'raiitl,  Nat.  P(Iaiiz.-nf.  iii. 
Ab.  lb,  H2. 

♦  Paliistriiie  iM-rcniiial  witli  weak  (•l..iif;:iif.l  stciiiH  iiarnnv  linear  or  laii<cliiu-;ii  l.-avt-it  ami 
axillary  lunt^-pedinuleil  Howltm. 

A.  paludicola,  K«>iiins<>n.  (;lal)ruus,  llariid  :  stems  M-vcral,  Hiil..'.iiii|ilc,  ]ir<MUiiilK'iit,  TtM>t- 
iiiiX  at  tlic  lipwcr  j'liiitx,  suk-ati-,  shining,  leafy  tliri>ii;^lnmt ;  U-a\e.H  niiiform.  flat,  l-iiervc<l, 
aiule,  spreatliiij;,  'J  liiii'S  to  1  A  iiiclifs  loiifj,  I  tu  .'}  lines  in  hreadlli,  often  |tunt-tate,  Hornrwliut 
connate,  sli<;litly  siabrous  upon  the  margins:  iicduncles  solitary  in  the  axiln,  I  to  2  itu-lu-H 
long,  spreading  or  somewhat  defiexcd  :  sepals  nerveless,  not  at  all  indunite<l,  acntish,  alxtul 
half  the  length  of  the  ohovale  jietals.  —  I'roe.  Am.  Acail.  xxix.  298.  .1.  futlusiris,  Wati*. 
IJot.  Calif,  i.  70,  &  Hihl.  Index,  UT  ;  (ireene,  Fl.  Francis.  124  ;  K.  Hramlegee,  Z.h-,  ii.  :u\  ; 
not  (i ay.  Alsine  piiliislris,  Kellogg,  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  iii.  Gl.  —  Almmlant  in  Hwamps, 
California,  about  Fort  Point  near  San  Francisco,  Bolmuler,  Kelltfjf/  &  Unrfurd :  Sjui 
Pernardino,  Parish  Bros. ;  Washington,  near  Tacoma,  Flett,  according  to  PijMjr ;  H.  May  to 
August. 

*  *  Terrestrial  annuals  of  the  .Atlantic  Slope  and  Alleghany  Mts.,  rarely  extending  to  the 
interior  in  the  Southern  States,  es.sentially  glalirous  :  sejjal.s  obtuse,  soft  in  texture,  warcely 
or  nut  at  all  nerved. 

A.  GrcBnlandica,  Sprkng.  Somewhat  fleshy  :  root  at  first  simple,  later  of  many  delicate 
fibres:  stems  few  to  many,  decumbent  or  erect,  subsimjile,  2  to  8  inches  long,  l)earing  I  to 
5  flowers:  leaves  linear,  obtn.se,  U  to  7  lines  long,  at  first  in  a  dense  more  or  less  rosulate 
clu.ster  at  the  base;  the  cauline  2  to  4  jiairs  :  sepals  broa<lly  ovate,  I^  to  2  lines  in  length: 
petals  obovate,  about  twice  as  long,  entire  or  notched  :  capsule  subglobo.se  to  oblong,  more 
or  less  contracted  to  a  point.  — Syst.  ii.  402;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  180;  Torr.  Kl.  N.  Y.  i.  y.'i, 
t.  15;  Robin.<ion,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  298,  328.  A.  ijlabru,  Torr.  Fl.  N.  &  Midd.  Sutes. 
455;  Bigel.  J"l.  Bo.st.  ed.  2,  180;  not  Michx.  Alsine  Grfmlandica,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,58. 
Sullariu  Gnrnlaudira,  Ketz.  Fl.  Scand.  eil.  2,  107;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1210.  ?  >".  lAd,r»d„r„„, 
Schrank,  Pfl.  Lab.  24;  Meyer,  PI.  Lab.  9;i.  —Pocky  soil,  chiefly  but  not  always  at  higher 
altituiles,  Greenland  to  the  mountains  of  Maine,  and  even  reaching  the  coiist  at  Path,  (, um- 
bel, and  Bar  Harbor,  linnd ;  also  found  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  OslH.ni,  \\'ri<jltt ;  l.K-ally 
almndant  in  the  White,  Green,  Adirondack,  Catskill,  and  Shawangiink  Mts. ;  al.s->  found  on 
the  Kittatinny  Mts.  of  N.  W.  Xcw  Jersey,  Britton :  in  the  mountains  of  rennsylvania  (ace. 
to  I'orter)  ;  of  S  Virginia,  Smnll  &  Ililjer:  and  in  X.  Carolina,  SukiII,  where  it  had  pjuv^ed 
as  a  form  of  ,1.  f/lahra,  Michx.,  having  been  previously  cidlected  on  Hoan  Mt.  !>y  d'rai/  & 
Carpi),  Smith,  and  Scrihiur ;  tt.  June  to  September.  The  autumnal  flowers  are  usually 
smaller  than  the  earlier  ones. 

A.  glabra  Mirnx.  Glabrous,  loosely  matted,  many-stemmed  :  stems  weak,  slender,  sub- 
ercct.  verv  leafy,  t>  to  12  inches  high  :  leaves  narrowly  linear,  spreading,  thin.  n<rvelo8S,  equal- 
ling orexceeiliiig  the  internodes:  peduncles  filiform,  elongated,  sjireading,  lflowere<l  :  corolla 
rather  broad,  considerably  exceeding  the  calyx:  sej)als  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  nerveless,  1^ 
lines  in  length,  somewhat  exceeded  by  the  ovoid  capsule.  —  Fl.  i  274  ;  Torr.  &  (Iray.  Fl.  i. 
180,  in  part.  Alslut-  fjlnhrn,  (iray.  M.in.  ed.  2,  58  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  49  —  On  rwks  in  mounUins 
of  X.  Carolina,  .l//V//«i/.r, Table  Slonntain,  (hnii:  S.  Carolina.  Table  Pock,  r<i«<.v  :  <ieorgin. 
Stone  Mt  ,  (iriui,  l)e  K:»lb  Co.,  Smnll;  also  apparently  the  s;ime  in  the  Arroyo  of  IjimU-n. 
near  the  Mexican  boundary,  f'nrrif. 

A.  brevifolia,  XtxT.  Glabrous:  stems  erect,  tilifMnn.  2  to  5  inches  high,  with  spreading 
branches:  leaves  linear  or  lance  linear,  obtuse,  nerveless,  slightly  fleshy.  1  to  4  lin«-s  long, 
comm'onlv  much  shorter  than  the  inn-modes:  sepals  ovnte-oblong.  ol.tuw.  only  a  line  in 
length,  with  a  distinct  thin  white  margin  :  jM-tals  rather  conspicuou.*.  oln-xute.  2j  t.»  3i  lines 
in  length,  widely  spreading:  capsule  ovoid,  acuminate,  a  thini  longer  than  the  calyx  ;  valven 
ovate,  acuminately  narrowed  almost  to  the  tip.  —  Xutt.  in  Torr.  i  Gray,  Fl.  i.  ISO.     AUnn- 


244  CARYOPHYLLACE^.  Arenaria. 

brevifolia,  Chapm.  Fl.  49.  —  On  rocks,  Georgia,  Tatnall  Co.,  Niittall,  Stone  Mountain,  Canby, 
Gray,  Small ;  fl.  April,  May.     Apparently  the  most  rare  and  local  eastern  species. 

*  *  *   Terrestrial  annuals  of  the  Tatific  Slope  :  sepals  neither  imiurated  nor  very  strongly 

nerved. 

•1—  Seeds  much  flattened  and  margined. 

A.  Douglasii,  Fexzl.  Thinly  glandular-])uhescent  and  somewhat  viscid,  or  nearly  gla- 
hrous :  stems  much  branched,  2  to  15  inches  high:  leaves  attenuate  to  filiform  points:  pe- 
duncles filiform  :  flowers  numerous,  larger  than  in  the  related  species,  4  to  5  lines  in  diameter : 
sepals  ovate,  thin-margined,  obscurely  or  more  or  less  distinctly  ribbed  :  petals  obovate,  con- 
spicuous :  capsule  subglobt)se ;  valves  rounded  at  tlie  apex ;  seeds  large,  smooth,  or  with 
fine  radiating  striation,  reniform,  broadly  margined.  —  Fenzl  ace.  to  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
674;  Durand,  Fl.  Pratt.  83;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  69;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  124.  A. 
vermi,  $,  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  325.  Grcniera  DoikjUisH,  Gay,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  .3, 
iv.  27.  Alsine  tenella,  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  36  (from  char,  and  hah.).  —  Barren  hillsides 
and  grassy  slopes,  S.  Arizona,  Palmer,  and  S.  California  to  Oregon,  Howell,  Henderson  ;  fl. 
May,  June.  Some  smaller  flowered  specimens  with  seeds  of  A.  Douglasii  have  been  collected 
by  Thurher  near  San  Diego,  Calif. 

-4—  -1—  Seeds  not  flattened  nor  thin-margined. 

A.  Ho"Wellii,  Watson.  Finely  glandular-pubescent :  stem  terete,  purple,  profusely  branched, 
more  tlian  a  foot  high:  leaves  rather  tliick,  obtuse,  4  to  7  lines  in  length;  the  floral  much 
reduced  :  flowers  2^  to  3  lines  in  diameter  :  petals  oi)]ong,  little  exceeding  the  ovate  glandu- 
lar nerveless  sepals  :  capsule  ovoid,  pointed ;  valves  narrowed  to  an  acutish  apex ;  seeds 
dark,  slightly  tuberculate- crested.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  354.  —  Oregon,  in  the  Coast 
Mts.,  near  Waldo,  Th.  Howell,  June  5,  1884. 

A.  Californica,  Brewer.  Smooth,  with  delicate  filiform  stems  branching  from  the  base, 
erect,  2  to  4  inches  in  lieight:  leaves  very  short,  slightly  fleshy,  1  to  2  lines  in  length,  obtuse  : 
flowers  4  lines  in  diameter  :  petals  oblong,  about  twice  the  length  of  the  ovate-oblong  nerve- 
less or  inconspicuously  ribbed  sepals:  seeds  small,  flnely  roughened.  —  Brewer  in  Boland. 
Cat.  6;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  69  ;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  124.  A.  brevifolia,  var.  (?) 
Californicii,  Gray,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  iii.  101. — Dry  hills,  sandy  soil.  Central  California 
to  Grant's  Pass,  Oregon,  Howell ;  fl.  March  to  May. 

A.  pusilla,  Watson.  Smooth,  very  diminutive,  1^  to  2  inches  high :  stems  purplish,  fili- 
form, branched  from  the  base :  leaves  obtusish,  only  1  to  2  lines  in  length :  sepals  not  so 
strongly  nerved  as  in  the  preceding,  1  to  1:|  lines  in  length:  petals  minute  or  wanting: 
seeds  minute,  smooth. — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  367.  A.  Californica,  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  ii. 
435,  not  Brew.  —  Plains,  N.  California,  about  Yreka,  Greene,  to  the  Dalles  of  the  Columbia, 
Howell  Bios. ;  Washington,  at  White  Salmon,  Suksdorf  and  Pullman,  Piper,  wliere  said  to 
be  common  along  fences,  etc. ;  fl.  April,  May.  This  species  bears  the  closest  habital  resem- 
blance to  A.  capillipes,  Boi.ss.,  of  Spain,  but  lacks  the  minute  pulverulence  of  that  species. 

*  *  *  *   Annuals  or  slender-stemmed  loosely  matted  perennials,  5  to  15  inches  in  height: 
sepals  lanceolate,  acuminate  or  attenuate,  strongly  3-5-nerved. 

■i—  Puberulent,  at  least  on  the  pedicels. 

A.  tenella,  Nutt.  Finely  glandular-pube.scent :  stems  very  slender,  dichotomously  branched 
almost  from  the  base,  3  to  8  inches  in  height :  leaves  attenuate  from  a  connate  ])rominently 
ribl)ed  base  to  a  filiform  often  curved  apex,  3  to  5  lines  long ;  the  uppermost  considerably 
reduced  :  pedicels  filiform,  several  times  as  long  as  the  strongly  3-ribbed  sepals ;  the  latter 
equalled  or  more  or  less  exceeded  by  the  oblong  petals :  valves  of  ovoid  capsule  exceeding 
the  sepals  ;  seeds  small,  margined  with  a  fine  muriculate  crest  (under  a  strong  lens).  — 
Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  179;  Eaton  &  Wright,  N.  A.  Bot.  133  (excl.  Arkansas  spec.)  ; 
Macoun,  Bot.  Gaz.  xvi.  286  ;  not  Kit.,  which  is  wholly  obscure.  A.  tenuifolia,  var.  Americana, 
Fenzl  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  674.  Greniera  tenella.  Gay,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  3,  iv.  27. 
Alsine  tenella,  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  243.  —  Rocky  places,  Oregon,  Nuttall,  Tolihie,  Hall, 
Howell,  to  Brit.  Columbia,  at  Kandoops,  ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun,  and  Nanaimo,  Miss  Cooley; 
fl.  May  to  July.  Like  ^-l.  Grmnlandira  of  the  Eastern  States,  this  species  seems  to  occur 
either  in  mats  or  in  a  segregated  state.     In  the  former  condition  it  considerably  resembles 


Areriarla.  CAKVolM  1  VLI.ACK.K.  245 

A.  .s7^/c^^Mic•llx.,  Itiit  is  to  bo  (liHtinfi^uit«ho(l  liy  itMHinnll  flowcrn  nnd  pulierulerit  iiiHoreiMfiuf. 
Tlif  hal.itallv  idcutiial  A.  Uiiiiif«li,t,  L.,  tif  tliu  ( »1<1  Worhl,  liiw  r]\«ru-T  \a-VaU  and  intirr 
slemltT  (•a])Sulo.s,  distiiK-lions  wliiili  arc  iiom-  ion  Htron;;. 

A.  patula,  Mkiix.  Stems  diffu.sily  liraiiclied,  2  iiitlics  to  a  fin.t  in  hi-i^lit,  oftt-ii  aliiioftt 
filifunii  :  leaves  njireading,  sliijlitlv  Hesliy  :  iuHoresrciue  diiliotoinoUM ;  pedicelM  tllifainn, 
spreailing  :  sepals  lancenlate,  attenuate,  with  3  to  5  prominent  eonverging  nerven,  sliKlitly 
indurated,  a  little  over  2  lines  in  lenj^lh,  usually  minutely  glandular:  jwtal.H  twi.e  as  long, 
entire  <>r  retuse,  <il>ii>rdate:  the  obtuse  vahes  <>f  the  capsule  ahout  equalling  the  ealyx  ; 
seeds  iilaik,  minutely  roughened.  —  Fl.  i.  U7.I  ;  'lOrr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  180;  (iray,  Man.  ed.  .'», 
91  ;  Hill,  Hull.  Torr-Cluh,  xvii.  172  ;  MacMillan.  H..t.  Gaz.  xv.  3:»2.  A.  J'itrlirri,  Nutt..  ajid 
?  ^1.  tentlla,  Nutt.  1.  c.  180,  so  far  iis  Arkan.>ias  jihints  are  (.oncernod.  Altinr  mimnjurmn, 
Fenzl,  1.  c.  .1. //(i<h/(»,  Cray,  .Man.  ed.  2,58;  Chajim.  Fl.  49.  A.  Pitrlinl,  W.mmI,  CIjuw- 
Bock,  ed.  of  1861,  260;  Cliapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  608.  Slillaria  macro/,. i„la,  Tvtt.  &  (Jniy,  Fl. 
i.  184  {Alsiiie  miicioi>el(il<i,  tiray.  Gen.  111.  ii.  .34),  differing  only  in  the  slightly  more  deeply 
divideil  petals,  which  arc  themselves  more  or  less  varialde,  must  he  referred  here,  where  itH 
identity  of  hahit  and  caly.v  clearly  indicates  its  affinity  to  he. —  Kentucky  to  Florida  (ace. 
to  Chapman);  Alahama,  I'etirs,  Mohr ;  'lexirn,  Dnimnwufl,  Mryir,  liurklei/ ;  and  Indian 
Terr.,  Carleton  (ace.  to  liolzinger),  northward  to  Chicago,  linhiurk.  Hill,  and  Cuss  Co., 
MiuDe.sota  (ace.  to  MacMillan)  ;  H.  April  to  July.  The  leave.s  of  this  species  are  variable, 
more  often  narrowly  linear  or  filiform,  4  to  7  lines  in  length,  but  occasionally  I J  inches  long 
and  a  line  wide. 

-1—  -»—  Glabrous. 

A.  stricta,  Mimx.  Smooth,  loosely  matted .-  stems  numerous,  slender,  ascending,  3  to  15 
inches  high,  leafy  nearly  to  the  middle :  leaves  subulate  .setaceous,  conspicuously  fascicled 
in  the  axils  :  inflorescence  a  loosely  forked  cynnwe  paniile  :  petals  narrowly  obovate,  nearly 
twice  the  length  of  the  soniewhat  rigid  acuminate  jtrominently  3-ril)l>ed  sepals  :  c:ipsiilo 
about  eciualling  or  exceeding  the  calyx.  —  Fl.  i.  274  ;  V.W.  Sk.  i.  521  ;  His)k.  F'l.  Bor.-Am.  i. 
09,  t.  33  (including  i)oth  var.  a,  a  weak  boreal  few-flowered  form  with  erect  leaves,  and 
var.  3,  the  common  form  with  spreading  leaves);  Torr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  179  (at  lea.st  var. 
/3) ;  Hritton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  ii.  37.  1  A.  setacen,  Muhl.  Trans.  Am.  I'hil.  Soc.  iii.  169. 
,1.  Mlrbaurii,  Hook.  f.  Arc.  PI.  287,  322.  Alslne  MIchmtxii,  Fenzl,  Verbreit.  Alsin.  18; 
Hegel,  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxv.  232.  t.  8,  f.  1-5.  —  R<M-ky  and  gravelly  soil,  Vermout  to 
S.  Carolina,  westward  to  the  Black  Hills,  lii/dbeiy  (lax  form),  and  (ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun)  to 
the  Hocky  Mts.  f)f  Brit.  America  ;  fl.  May  to  July. 

Var.  Texana,  Bonixsox.  More  rigid :  stems  fewer,  3  to  7  inches  high,  strongly 
enlarged  at  tlie  nodes:  leaves  very  short,  consi)icuously  connate;  the  fiLscicled  ones  only  1 
to  2  lines  long:  flowers  in  a  small  rather  dense  cyme:  sepals  almost  cartilaginous,  very 
strongly  3-nerved,  appearing  attenuate  through  the  infolding  of  their  margins.  —  Troc.  Am. 
Acad.  xxix.  302.  ^  A.stricia,  var.  a,  Torr.  &  (Jray,  F'l.  i.  179.  —  Kocky  Hill.s,  Texaj<,  (iurdon, 
Iii</el<iii\  /fall,  lieveichon;  Arkausas,  Leavenworth  ;  Indian  Terr.,  Palmer:  Kansas*,  ^miflhe : 
and  S.  W .  Missouri,  lilnnk-inship.  A  specimen  from  I'otosi,  Mo.,  coll.  by  /'.  J'tck;  exactly 
connects  this  variety  with  the  type. 

*   *   «:  «c  *   Perennials,  closely  matted  or  tufted,  1  to  6  inches  in  height :  sepals  acuminate, 
but  not  strongly  nerveil  except  in  .1.  lerua. 

A.  verna,  L.  Rather  closely  tufte<l  :  stems  numerous,  slender,  a.scending  or  erect,  8m(M)th, 
1  to  5  inches  higii,  l-3(or  morej-flowered ;  the  upper  interno<les  commonly  much  excec«ling 
the  leaves:  leaves  linear-subulate,  flat,  rather  strongly  3-nerved,  usually  erect  and  never 
squarrose  :  peduncles  filiform:  sepals  ovate-oblong,  acutish  to  acuminate,  strongly  3-ner*e«l, 
1^  to  1}  lines  long,  exceeding  the  obovate  or  oblanceolate  obtusish  jKtals  :  capsule  .Homeuhat 
8ur|>a,ssing  the  calyx.  —  Mant.  i.  72 ;  Seringc  in  DC.  I'nxlr.  i.  405;  Hook.  Fl  Bor.-.\m.  i. 
99;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  181.  A.juniperiwi,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  318;  H.M)k  Fl  Bor.-Am.  i.  98  ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  179,  674.  Alsine  verwi,  Bartl.  Beitr.  ii.  63.  —  A  wi.lely  distributcnl 
festival  rather  than  vernal  species  (fl.  June  to  Augu,st)  with  numerous  but  ill-defined  vari- 
eties. The  smooth  tyj)ical  form  appears  to  be  common  in  the  Bixky  Mts  of  Brit.  .Nmerira, 
MnroHH,  and  extends  even  as  far  southward  as  Ci'lorado,  H'l'V  &  l\i>thio<l-.  I(  liao  bc«U 
found  on  Mt.  Albert,  l..ower  Canada,  Alltit.     A  far  more  frequent  form  ia 


246  CARYOrHYLLACE.E.  Arenaria. 

Var.  hirta,  Watson.  Finely  glaudular-pubenileut  upon  the  steins,  peduncles,  and 
calyx  :  leaves  nearly  or  quite  smooth.  —  Bot.  King  Kxp.  41 ;  Torter  &  Coulter,  Fl.  Col.  14; 
Kothr.  Enum.  PI.  Col.  35.  ^1.  hirta,  Wormsk.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1646.  A.  propinqua,  Richards,  in 
Frankl.  1st  Jouru.  ed.  i.  738  (reprint,  p.  10).  Alsine  verna,  var,  hirta,  Feuzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl. 
Ross.  i.  349.  ^1.  rubella,  var.  Itirla,  Lange,  PI.  Green.  132.  A.  propiiupia,  Lange,  Fl.  Dan. 
t.  2903.  A.  hirta,  Warming,  Bot.  Foren.  Festskr.  1890,  229. — From  Greenland  to  Alaska, 
southward  to  Smugglers'  Notcii,  Vt.,  Primjle,  Egylfston,  and  along  the  Rocky  Mts.  to 
Arizona,  Af/HWK»/i  ,•  also  in  tlie  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  W.  (!.  Wright. 

Var.  rubella,  Hook.  f.  Depauperate,  minutely  glandular-puberulent  or  very  rarely 
smooth  :  peduncles  and  sepals  purplish  tinged,  tiie  latter  less  strongly  nerved.  —  Jour. 
Linn.  Soc.  v.  82.  A.  Giesekii,  Hornem.  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1.518.  A.  hirta,  var.  glabrata,  Cham.  & 
Schlecht.  Linnaea,  i.  56.  Alsine  rubella,  Schrenk  in  Feuzl,  1.  c.  A.  verna,  var.  glacialis, 
Fenzl  fide  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  99.  —  Occurring  witli  and  often  scarcely  to  be  distinguished 
from  the  preceding. 

A.  Rossii,  RicHARDSoy,  1.  c.  Dwarf  and  closely  tufted,  glabrous  :  leaves  crowded,  narrowly 
linear,  3-t(lii;ed,  obtusish,  slightly  tie.sliy  :  stems  many,  6  lines  to  1^  inches  long,  filiform, 
usually  ending  in  a  solitary  peduncle,  more  rarely  branched  and  several-flowered  :  sepals 
less  attenuate  than  in  the  last,  slightly  fleshy,  not  at  all  rigid  and  scarcely  or  not  at  all 
ribbed,  1  to  1^  lines  long:  petals  oblong,  nearly  equalling  the  calyx,  often  minute  or  none  : 
capsule  shorter  than  tiie  calyx.  —  R.  Br.  in  Parry,  1st  Voy.  App.  272;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am. 
i.  100  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  181;  Porter  &  Coulter,  Fl.  Col.  14.  .4.  elegaim,  Cham.  &  Schledit. 
Linnaea,  i.  57.  A.  stricta,  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  98,  in  part,  not  of  Michaux,  nor  Wahlenherg's 
Alsine  stricta  of  the  Old  World,  which  is  surely  distinct.  Alsine  Rossii,  Fenzl,  Verbreit. 
Alsin.  18.  —  Mountains  of  Colorado, /fa//  &  Harbour,  Coulter,  Wolf;  Wyoming,  Parry; 
1  S.  Brit.  America,  Bourgpnu,  to  Arctic  America.  A  doubtful  species  not  very  satisfactorily 
separable  from  forms  of  the  preceding. 

A.  Nuttalli,  Pax.  Glandular-puberulent  or  tomentulose  throughout :  root  single,  vertical, 
rather  stout :  stems  many,  loosely  matted  and  much  branched  near  the  base ;  branches 
ascending  or  erect,  leafy :  leaves  subulate-acerose,  rigid,  pungent,  tending  to  be  squarrosely 
spreading,  connate,  3  to  4  lines  long  :  flowers  usually  numerous  in  spreading  cymes,  rarely 
subsolitary :  sepals  attenuate,  acuminate,  often  purplish,  not  strongly  nerved,  2  to  2i  lines 
long,  exceeding  the  more  or  less  pointed  petals  and  ovoid  capsule.  —  Pax  in  Engl.  Jahrb. 
xviii.  30.  .4.  j9M?)|7ens,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  179;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  40;  not 
Clem.  A.  Nuttallii,  var.  gracilipes,  Jones,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  v.  626,  from  speci- 
mens cited,  does  not  appear  to  differ  materially  from  Nuttall's  type.  —  Mountainous 
regions,  S.  Brit.  Columbia  to  S.  California,  and  eastward  to  Utali  and  Wyoming ;  fl.  June 
to  August. 

Var.  gracilis,  Robinson.  Sepals  narrow,  elongated  and  still  more  attenuate,  2i  to 
3  lines  long  :  leaves  less  rigid,  scarcely  spreading  or  pungent.  — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  304. 
A.  pnngcns,  var.  gracilis.  Gray  in  herb. ;  Vasey  &  Rose,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  6.  — 
California,  mountains  above  Big  Tree  Grove,  Bolander,  Long  Meadow,  Tulare  Co.,  Palmer, 
Coville  &  Funston.     Intergrading  with  the  typical  form. 

******  Densely  cespitose  perennials  witii  acicular   or  awl-shaped  leaves:    sepals 
oblong  or  linear-oblong,  very  obtuse. 

-1—  Alpine,  boreal,  or  arctic  species. 
++   Petals  oblong  or  narrowly  obovate. 

A.  Sajanensis,  Willd.  Cespitose  :  stems  finely  but  rather  densely  glandular-hirsute, 
decunibeut,  very  leafy  below  and  with  age  sheathed  at  the  base  with  the  dried  persistent 
leaves ;  the  ujtper  more  or  less  erect  portion  of  the  stems  6  lines  to  2^  inches  in  length, 
bearing  two  or  three  pairs  of  short  and  rather  distant  more  or  less  pubcrulent  leaves,  and 
terminating  in  1  to  3  flowers ;  lower  leaves  linear,  obtusish,  rather  rigid,  erect,  2  to  3|  lines 
long,  quite  glabrous  or  ciliolate,  less  commonly  glandular-pubescent,  straight :  segments  of 
the  calyx  linear  oblong,  1-3-ribbed,  glandular-pubescent,  2  lines  in  length  :  petals  .«patulate, 
equalling  or  half  exceeding  the  sepals,  rarely  almost  twice  as  long  (Init  narrower  than  in 
A.  arctira)  :  valves  of  the  capsule  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  often  considerably  exceeding  the 
calyx.  —  Willd.  in  Schlecht.  Berl.  Gesell.  Nat.  Fr.  Mag.  vii  (1816),  200;  J)C.  Prodr.  i.  408. 


Siujina.  C  Ai;V()l'IIVIJ.A('i:.E.  247 

A.  t/ii/mi/olia,  James,  Cat.  181.  A.  ohtusa,  Torr.  Ann.  \.  Y.  Lvr.  ii.  170.  .1.  biflora,  Wato. 
Bibl.  Inde.\,  94,  not  L.  .1.  urcticu,  and  vars.  of  variuu.s  autlicrs  not  Stev.  SiffUiriu  bijimti, 
L.  Spec.  i.  422.  Alsine  bijiora,  Walilenb.  FL  Lapp.  128;  Fi-nzl  in  I.eilel>.  Fl.  How*.  i.a.-iS.— 
Mt.  Alhert,  Lower  Canada,  Alltn,  Mucvun,  to  Labrador  and  Ik-ring  Strait,  southward  to 
Oregon,  Cusivk,  and  along  tlie  Ko<ky  Mt.x.  to  New  .Me.xiro.  r,„r,i,  and  Arizona,  I.emmnn. 
((Jreenhind,  Siberia.)  A  loinnion  specie.s  widely  dintriliuted  in  alpine  and  antic  regions  of 
the  Old  and  New  World  ;  H.  .July,  August.  Of  its  numerous  and  eontluent  fornm,  seemingly 
due  to  iudividual  environment,  the  following  only  need  bo  mentioned:  var.  Ki<.fi>L-|.A, 
Kobiuson  (Troe.  Am.  Aeud.  xxi.x.  305  ;  Alsine  bijiuru,  var.  riyidida,  Fenzl,l.c.),  with  leaves 
erect,  firm  in  te.xture  and  rather  closely  imbricated;  and  var.  CAiiNcOsti-A,  Hobiuson,  1.  c, 
{Alsine  bijioni,  var.  ainwsula,  Feuzl,  1.  c),  more  Haccid,  with  leaves  spreading  and  slightly 
fleshy. 

A.  laricifolia,  L.?  Slightly  woody  and  much  branched  at  the  bai*e :  stems  clothed  with 
linear  acicular  sccund  ciliolate-ilenticulate  leaves:  fertile  branches  erect,  simple,  4  to  7 
in(  hes  in  height,  2-3-Howered  :  sepals  3^  lines  in  lengtli,  linear-oblong,  ."J-nerved  :  jK-tals 
oblong  or  narrowly  obovate,  entire,  twice  as  long  as  tiie  calyx.  —  Spec.  i.  424.  —  An  aljiine 
European  species  at  various  times  reported  from  Alaska,  but  still  .somewhat  doubtful.  I'lants 
collected  upon  the  rorcui)ine  Kiver  by  J.  II.  Turner  certainly  |)o.s.se.s8  much  re.semblance  to 
the  Europeau  plant,  but  differ  in  their  .shorter  sepals  and  less  leafy  stems.  It  is  not  unlikely 
that  they  may  prove  merely  a  tall  aud  long-petalled  form  of  the  preceding  polymorphous 
species. 

++   ++   Petals  broadly  obovate,  much  exceeding  the  calyx :  Alaskan. 

A.  arctica,  Stev.  Stems  1  to  3  inches  long,  glandular-pubescent:  lower  leaves  narrow, 
linear,  obtuse,  slightly  fleshy,  crowded  upon  the  bases  of  the  stems,  nearly  or  (juite  glabrous, 
sometimes  slightly  ciliate<l  near  the  base,  half  a  line  in  breadth  ;  n|iper  leaves  a  little  l)road<'r ; 
pairs  rather  distant:  flowers  solitary,  terminal  ujion  slender  glandular-pubescent  pedun- 
cles, 5  to  7  lines  in  diameter:  capsule  3i  to  4  lines  long,  consideraldy  exceeding  the  sepals  : 
seeds  minutely  roughened  and  slightly  crested.  —  Stev.  in  DC.  I'rodr.  i.  404;  Cham.  & 
Schlecht.  Linniea,  i.  54;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Ara.  i.  100  (exd.  vars.) ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  181,  in 
part.  Alsine  arctica,  Fenzl,  Verbreit.  Alsin.  18,  &  iu  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  355;  Rcgel,  Bull. 
Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxv.  219,  227  (excl.  var.  breviscapa).  —  W.  aud  N.  Alaska  aud  adjacent 
islands. 

A.  macrocarpa,  PtRsn.  Stems  2  to  4  inches  long,  covered  except  near  the  ends  with  the 
deiisclv  imbricated  lance-linear  obtuse  conspicuously  ciliated  leaves;  the.se  three  fourths  line 
broad:  flowers  solitary,  terminal,  often  exceeding  half  inch  in  diameter:  valves  of  the 
mature  capsule  fully  6  lines  in  length;  seeds  slightly  margined.  — Fl.  i.  318;  Cham.  & 
Schlecht.  1.  c.  55;  Hook.  1.  c.  101  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  182,  675.  .1.  nrrtira,  var.  /3  fjrandi- 
Jlorn,  Hook.  1.  c.  100,  t.  34,  f.  B.  Ahine  macrocarpa,  Fenzl,  Verbreit.  Alsin.  18;  Hegel,  1.  c. 
235,  t.  8,  f.  6-9;  .1.  arrticn,  var.  brpriscai>a,  Kegel,  1.  c.  228. —  W.  Alaska  near  the  co:ust. 
(Siberia.)  Hegel's  elaborate  subdivision  of  the  Siberian  forms  of  this  species  is  not  war- 
ranted in  America  ii.  the  absence  of  abundant  fruiting  material. 

H_  ^_   Species  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States,  neither  arctic  nor  alpine. 

A.  Caroliniana,  Wai.t.  Stems  several  to  many,  glandular-])nbe.scent  an<l  viscid  al>ove, 
3  to  8  inches  in  height,  densely  leafy  near  the  ba.sc :  leaves  lincar-sulmliite,  rigidulons, 
pungent,  triangular  in  section,  channelled  above;  the  lower  imbricate.!  and  more  or  less 
ijquarroselv  spreading:  the  upper  reduced,  di.stant :  cymes  few-flowered;  pedicels  slen«ler, 
ascen.ling":  sepals  oval,  li  lines  in  length:  petals  broad,  nmnded  at  the  apex.  —  Car.  Ml  ; 
Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Grav,  Man.  ed.  6.  85.  .1.  .s7.Mrr0.sv,.  Michx.  Fl.  i.  273;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  520; 
Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  95.  A.  imbricala,  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2.  v.  361,  &  in  Desv.  Jour.  H<.t.  i. 
220  (1808).  A.  Rnfinesquinnn,  Seriiige  in  DC.  Pro.lr.  i.  409.  Ahine  squarrosa,  Fenzl  in 
Grav.  Man.  ed.  2.  57  ;  Gray.  Gen.  111.  ii.  34,  t.  Ill  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  49.  — Pine  barrens,  S.  New 
York  to  Florida  :  fl.  Jiiiie!  .Fnly. 
13.   SAGlNA.  L.     l'r..\Ki.W(.i!T.     (Name  from  the  Latin  .<m/»»'/r»'.  to  f:it(cu; 

the  plants  thoiiiih  small  ami  (Itlicat.'  soimtimcs    <;ro\v  ahumlaiitly   in  otlu-rwi.^o 

barren  regions  and  are  grazed  by  sheep.)  —  Low  slender  herbs  commonly  ccspitoso 


248  CARYOPHYLLACEiE.  Safflna. 

with  filiform  stems  and  subulate  or  filiform  leaves.  —  Syst.  Nat,  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no. 
336;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  389  ;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  v.  t.  200,  201  ;  Gray,  Gen. 
111.  ii.  29,  t.  109.  —  About  a  dozen  species  (chiefly  of  the  temperate  and  frigid 
parts  of  the  northern  hemisphere)  in  much  need  of  a  general  revision,  the  iden- 
tity and  distinctness  of  several  Old  World  species  being  so  doubtful  that  it  is 
impossible  to  correlate  with  them  the  common  forms  of  America. 

*  Very  slender,  2  to  5  inches  high :  the  ahnost  capilhiry  steins  several  to  many,  subsimjjle 
from  near  tlie  l)ase,  usually  several-flowered  ;  the  lowest  flowers  distinctly  axillary  :  leaves 
nearly  filiform  but  flattened  above,  not  proliferous  in  the  upper  axils  nor  forming  sterile 
rosettes ;  the  basal  rosette  seldom  persisting :  flowers  small,  4-5-parted. 

S.  apetala,  Ard.  Commonly  glandular-pubescent:  stems  not  numerous,  ascending  or 
nearly  erect;  leaves  1^  to  3  or  4  lines  in  length,  scarcely  flat:  pedicels  straight:  flowers 
normally  4-parted  :  petals  minute  and  obovate  or  more  often  altogether  wanting.  —  Animad. 
Alt.  22,  t.  8;  L.  Mant.  ii.  .559  ;  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  338;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  177; 
Reichenb.  1.  c.  t.  200.  S.  procumbeiis,  var.,  Benth.  Brit.  Fl.  120.  —  Middle  Atlantic  States 
near  the  coast  and  doubtfully  indigenous ;  Amherst,  Mass.,  Jesitji,  to  E.  Pennsylvania,  Porter, 
New  Jersey,  C.  E.  Smith,  and  formerly  near  Washington,  1).C.  (ace.  to  Ward).  A  form 
with  elongated  capillary  steins  is  abundant  in  grassy  situations  near  Hewitt's,  Bergen  Co., 
N.  J.,  Britton;  also  at  Berkeley,  Calif.,  Blankiuship.  Specimens  from  Labrador,  coll.  Allen, 
referred  to  S.  apetala,  are  probably  only  a  stunted  form  of  5.  prncumbetis.  Var.  nAKitAxA, 
Fenzl  (in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  338),  with  leaves  distinctly  ciliated  at  the  base,  has  been  found 
(probably  introduced)  at  Auburn,  California,  Mrs.  Ames.  Alsinella  ciliata,  Greene,  from 
near  lone,  Calif.,  which  is  ambiguously  characterized  in  the  Fl.  Francis.  126,  as  a  very 
slender  and  diffuse  plant  of  compact  habit,  does  not  differ  in  its  described  characters  from 
this.     (Eu.,  Asia,  &c.) 

S.  decumbens,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Annual,  quite  smooth  or  with  the  younger  parts  slightly 
glandular :  stems  .several,  decumbent  or  sub-erect,  2  to  5  inches  high,  subsimple :  the  filiform 
straight  peduncles  exceeding  the  narrowly  linear  very  acute  leaves :  flowers  normally  5- 
parted:  calyx  appressed  even  in  fruit,  obtusish  but  not  rounded  at  the  base,  two  tiiirds  the 
length  of  the  valves  of  the  capsule :  petals  (sometimes  only  1  to  3  and  rudimentary)  scarcely 
equalling  the  sepals:  stamens  3  to  10.  —  Fl.  i.  177.  ^.  procumbens,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  119. 
5.  Elliottii,  Fenzl  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,  61.  S.  subulafa,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  178,  not  Wimm. 
?  Spergula  nodosa,  Walt.  Car.  142.  <S\  saginoides,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  276,  not  L.  S.  decumbens. 
Ell.  sic.  i.  523,  S.  subulata.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  93.  —  Dry  sandy  ground.  New  England 
to  Great  Plains  of  Brit.  America,  Macoun,  southward  to  Florida  and  Texas ;  fl.  March  to 
June.  Var.  S.MfTHii,  Watson  (Bibl.  Index,  105;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  89; 
S.  subulata,  var.  Smithii,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  95),  is  a  more  slender  nearly  or  quite  apetalous 
form,  found  in  the  neighborhood  of  Philadelphia,  C.  E.  Smith,  Camden,  Parker,  liichmond 
Co.,  N.  Y.  (ace.  to  Hollick  &  Britton),  S.  E.  Kentucky  (ace.  to  Kearney),  and  probably  else- 
where with  and  poorly  di.stinguished  from  the  type. 

S.  OCCidentalis,  Watson.  Annual,  glabrous,  with  habit  and  foliage  of  the  preceding 
species,  but  with  longer  pedicels  (usually  7  to  10  or  12  lines  in  length)  and  larger  also 
5-parted  flowers :  capsule  If  lines  in  length  :  calyx  rounded  at  the  base.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
X.  344.  S.  procumbevs,  Boland.  Cat.  6  ;  and  perhaps  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  242.  aS.  Lin- 
na'i.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  378.  Alsinella  occidentalis,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  125.  —  Low 
grounds  and  salt  marshes  of  the  coast,  Vancouver  Lsl.  to  S.  California;  common;  fl.  spring. 
The  western  equivalent  of  S.  decumbens  and  possibly  intergrading  with  that  species. 

*  *  Flowering  stems  of  lateral  origin,  spreading,  1  to  6  inches  in  length,  procumbent ;  the 
unprolonged  terminal  axis  bearing,  close  to  the  ground,  a  more  or  less  persistent  tuft  or 
rosette  of  leaves :  flowers  normally  4-parted. 

S.  procumbens,  L.  Matted:  the  numerous  procumbent  leafy  stems  H  to  4  inches  in 
length :  leaves  smooth  or  ciliate,  narrowly  linear,  obtusish  and  mucronate :  pedicels  filiform, 
elongated,  nodding  at  the  summit  during  anthesis:  petals  considerably  shorter  than  the 
sepals;  the  latter  spreading  in  fruit.  —Spec.  i.  128;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  177.  — Moist  rocks, 


Sperijularia.  CAK  V(  )ril  VI.LA(  K,!-:.  240 

also  in  paths,  etc.,  Now foun.! land  to  Pennsylvania,  and  (ace.  to  Cliapman)  N.  Carolina; 
also  rarely  inland  lus  far  a.s  Micliigan,  /////;  \\.  ihrou/,'lj  the  euniiner.  (Kii..  A^ia.  S.  Ann-r.) 
Specimens  with  jietals  obsolete  or  wanting  do  not  seem  to  l)e  rare.  Dwarfed  siK'cinicns 
from  Labrador,  coll.  Allen,  may  al.>to  ho  of  tjiis  species. 

#  *  ♦  Stems  very  short,  4  lines  to  2  inches  long:  flowers  rather  small,  S-jiarted,  terminal: 
leaves  thickish,  narrowly  linear  to  suhulate,  not  proliferous  in  the  ujijier  axils  but  com- 
monly forming  sterile  msettes  about  the  Ikisc. 

S.  Linneei,  I'kksi,.  Matted,  l  to  3  inches  high:  stems  slemier,  derunilK-nt,  rrx.ting  and 
often  producing  lateral  rosettes:  radical  leaves  narrowly  linear,  niucronate,  3  Uj  7  lines 
long,  forming  dense  and  mo.stly  persistent  rosettes;  cauline  leaves  short,  few:  iM-dicels 
long,  filiform,  commonly  recurved  at  the  summit;  flowers  nioderatelv  large  for  the  genus: 
petals  not  (piite  equalling  the  calyx:  cai)sule  ovate,  conic,  even  before  dehiscence  consider- 
ably exceeding  the  sepals;  the  dry  valves  fully  twice  their  length:  stamens  .'i  to  10.— 
Hel.  llaenk.  ii.  14  (Linnei);  Fen/.l  in  Leck-b.  1-1.  Ross.  i.  3.3'J;  Wats.  Hot.  King  Exp.  41. 
S.  saxatilis,  Wimm.  in  Lange,  I'l.  Groenl.  133.     6".  sa(/hioi(les,  Britton,  Mem.  'I'orr.  Club,  v. 

151.     Spergiila  sagiiioitJf's,  L   Sjjec.  i.  441.     Alsinella  sngiitoides,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  I:i.'). 

Labrador  (?)  to  Greenland,  Ahuska,  and  southward  in  mountainous  regions  to  New  Mexico 
and  S.  California,  Palmer,  Parish.     (Widely  distributed  in  the  Old  World.) 

S.  nivalis,  Frie.s.  Very  condensed,  one  half  to  one  inch  high :  leaves  subulate,  or  linear- 
subulate,  2  to  3  (rarely  .5)  lines  long,  forming  one  or  more  dense  msettes;  cauline  leaves 
few  and  sliort :  pedicels  spreading,  5  lines  in  length,  .^traiglit  or  curved  but  scarcelv  ever 
hooked  at  the  summit:  petals  e(|ualling  tlie  purple-edged  sepals,  about  a  line  in  length. — 
Mant.  iii.  31  ;  Hook.  f.  Arc.  I'l.  '.'ST,  322;  Habington,  Jour.   Bot.  ii.  340;  Wats.   Hot.   King 

Exp.  42.     S.  intermedia,  Fenzl,  1.  c.     Arenaria  casiiilom,  \'ahl,   Fl.   Dan.  t.  2289. A  rare 

plant,  first  collected  in  America  by  Dr.  Watson  in  the  Uinta  Mts.  in  I86'j  (V.  S.  Nat.  Herb,); 
since  found  in  Alivska,  without  the  exact  locality,  Dall ;  Kyska  llarl)or,  Ilarrim/ton :  and 
also  in  the  IJocky  Mts.  of  Colorado  near  (iray's  Teak,  Patterson.  (Greenland,  N.  Ku.)  The 
species  has  l>een  reganlcd  by  some  authors,  and  perhaps  rightly,  as  a  boreal  or  high  alpiue 
form  of  the  preceding. 

♦  *  *  ♦  Di.'^tinctly  fleshy:  stems  not  filiform,  more  or  less  branched,  .«everal(lowered : 
flowers  5-parted :   si)ecies  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 

S.  crassicaulis,  W.vtson.  Smooth:  stems  several  or  many,  branching,  1^  to  5  inches 
long:  leaves  linear,  pungent,  thickish,  2A  to  7  (rarely  12)  lines  long;  the  basal  forming  a 
rosette  wliich  may  persist  or  not ;  the  cauline  connate  by  broad  scarious  membranes:  f>edicels 
numerous,  straight:  petals  and  sepals  subequal,  U  lines  in  length  :  cap.^ule  one  third  to  one 
half  longer.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xviii.  19L  .V.  occidentalis  ('.),  Henderson  (on  authority  of 
Dr.  Watson),  Zoe,  ii.  260.  Alsinella  crassicaulis,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  125. —  Heaches,  Cali- 
fornia, Marin  Co.,  Congilon,  Monterey  Co ,  Michener  &  Bioleiti,  Tomales  Hav,  lilaukinship, 
to  Washington,  Ilwaco,  Henderson,  and  Vancouver  Isl.,  ace.  to  .f.  M.  Macoun.  Distinguished 
from  the  Japanese  S.  maxima.  Gray,  by  its  glabrous  peduncles  and  calvx. 

«  «  #  #  ^  Stems  simple,  2  to  fi  inches  in  length  :  ujjper  leaves  short,  proliferous,  i.  e. 
bearing  fa.s(icles  of  minute  leaves  in  their  axils:  flowers  .Vparted  :  ])etals  exceeding  the 
calyx:  species  of  the  Atlantic  Slope,  Great  Lakes,  and  Ilud.<on  Hav  region. 

S.  nodosa,  Fknzl.  Perennial :  stems  several  to  many,  decumbent,  rooting  at  the  base, 
often  5  to  fl  inches  in  length  :  lower  leaves  filiform  ;  the  ujtper  subulate,  only  a  line  in 
length,  bearing  a  tuft  of  undeveloped  leaves  in  the  axils,  thus  giving  a  mniose  apftearanco 
to  the  slender  stems:  flowers  terminal,  large  for  the  genus,  4  lines  in  diameter  when  ex- 
panded.— Verl)reit.  Alsin.  IS,  &  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Hoss.  i  340.  Sfteniula  nodt>sn,  L.  Spec.  i.  440; 
Fl.  Dan.  t.  96.  —  Moist  sandy  soil,  along  the  Atlantic  Coast  from  Lal»rad.«r  (ncc.  to  .M.icoun). 
to  Cape  Ann,  J.  linhinson  ;  Anticosti,  Pursli  ;  nUo  on  l)oth  shores  ..f  Lake  Superior  and 
northward  to  Hud.son  Hay,  Burke;  fl.  July,  August.  Tlie  most  conspicuous  and  attractive 
species  of  the  genus. 

14.    SPERGULARIA,  J.  &  C.  Prc.'^I.     (  Namo  a  .Icrivativo  of  Sperquht.) 
—  Annuiils,  bitiiiiial.s,  or  pcruiiuials,  usually  of  marilimo  or  salino  habitat,  with 


250  CARyOPHYLLACE.E.  Spergularia. 

narrowly  linear  often  fleshy  leaves. — Fl.  Cech.  94;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  27,  t. 
108  ;  Benth.  «&;  Hook.  Gen.  i.  152.  Arenaria,  L.  Gen.  no.  374,  in  part.  Are- 
naria  §  Spergularia,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  504.  Corion,  Mitchell,  Act.  Phys.  Med.  Acad. 
Nat.  Cur.  viii.  App.  208  ;  N.  E.  Brown,  Eng.  Bot.  ed.  3,  Suppl.  47.  Tissa, 
Adans.  Fam.  ii.  507;  Baillon,  Hist.  PI.  ix.  116;  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvi. 
125;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  126,  &.  Man.  Bay-Reg.  35.  Buda,  Adans.  1.  c.  ; 
Dumort.  Fl.  Belg.  110;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  89.  Lepignimm, 
Fries,  Fl.  Hall.  76;  Kiudberg,  Monogr. ;  Leffler,  (Est.  Bot.  Zeitschr.  xix.  101- 
106;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  103.  —  A  genus  of  moderate  size  but  difficult,  through 
the  natural  variability  of  the  commoner  species,  the  inconstancy  of  characters 
(such  as  the  form  of  the  seeds)  which  elsewhere  are  most  trustworthy,  and  finally 
through  an  unfortunate  complication  in  the  synonymy,  arising  both  from  the 
most  diverse  views  as  to  the  number  and  proper  limitation  of  the  species  and 
from  the  differences  in  the  choice  of  the  generic  name.  The  designation  here 
adopted  is  the  one  which  has  been  most  widely  used,  is  now  employed  by  most 
English  and  Continental  authors  (except  the  Scandinavians),  and  has  had  the  recent 
indorsement  of  the  botanists  of  the  Royal  and  Imperial  Gardens  of  Kew  and  Berlin. 
In  limiting  the  species,  the  usually  practical  criterion  of  non-confluence  would 
lead,  if  rigidly  enforced  in  this  group,  to  a  general  reduction  of  the  commoner 
forms  to  one  polymorphous  species  of  widely  diverse  varieties.  Greater  clear- 
ness can  certainly  be  attained  by  retaining  as  species  a  moderate  number  of 
oft-recurring  and  usually  distinguishable  types,  notwithstanding  the  frequent 
occurrence  of  intermediates  or  local  intergradation. 

S.  MiQUELONENSis,  Lebcl  (Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  France,  xv.  58;  Arenaria  Miqiielonensis,  La 
Pylaie,  ibid.),  never  properly  described,  is  obscure.  It  may  well  be  S.  salina  or  perhaps  S. 
bonalis. 

*  Procumbent  or  decumbent,  slender,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  fleshy  :  flowers  of  medium  size : 
petals  rose-lilac :  stipules  lanceolate,  elongated,  conspicuous  and  silvery. 
S.  rubra,  J.  &  C.  Presl,  1.  c.  Smoothish  below  but  finely  and  often  copiously  glandular- 
pubescent  above :  stems  spreading,  wiry :  leaves  flat  or  slightly  grooved  on  both  surfaces, 
narrowly  linear,  cuspidate,  4  to  6  lines  long,  a  third  line  broad :  stipules  attenuate,  2  to  3 
Hues  long :  inflorescence  racemiform ;  pedicels  truly  filiform,  exceeding  the  foliaceous 
bracts  and  about  twice  as  long  as  the  oblong-lanceolate  scarious-margined  acutish  glandular- 
pubescent  sepals:  corolla  1|  lines  in  diameter,  scarcely  equalling  the  calyx  :  capsule  of  the 
same  length  as  the  sepals  ;  seeds  pear-shaped,  and  minutely  crested  but  not  winged.  —  Gray, 
Gen.  lU.  ii.  28, 1. 108,  &  Man.  ed.  1,  64,  excl.  var.  S.  rubra,  var.  campestris,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5, 
95.  S.  campestris,  Aschers.  Fl.  Prov.  Braudenb.  94.  Arenaria  rubra,  L.  Spec.  i.  423,  excl. 
var.  $;  Bigel.  Fl.  Bost.  108;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  98.  Lepirjnnum  rubrum,  AVahlb.  Fl. 
Gothob.  45  (excl.  var.  perennnns).  Buda  rubra,  Dumort.  Fl.  Belg.  110.  Spergula  rubra, 
Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  175,  excl.  vars.  Tissn  rubra,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvi.  127,  as  to 
eastern  plant.  —  An  attractive  species,  growing  about  paths  and  in  dry  sandy  soil,  occasionally 
on  sea-beaches,  Newfoundland  to  Virginia  and  Ohio,  common  on  or  near  the  coast,  but  less 
frequent  in  the  interior.     (Eu.)     Perhaps  not  indigenous. 

Var.  perennans,  Robinson,  n.  comb.  More  fleshy  and  forming  large  mats :  root  stout, 
biennial  or  perennial :  internodes  shorter :  leaves  shorter  and  broader,  3  to  4  lines  in  length, 
half  line  in  breadth :  inflorescence  denser.  —  Tissa  rubra,  var.  perennans,  Greene,  Pittonia, 
ii.  229.  ?  Lepifjonum  rubrum,  var.  perennans,  Kindb.  1.  c.  40.  —  Common  on  the  Pacific  Slope 
from  Washington,  Suksdorf,  and  Idaho,  3//.s.s  Mulford,  to  Centr.al  California.  (N.  Eu.  ?) 
There  appear  to  be  no  technical  differences  of  flower  or  fruit  between  this  variety  and  the 
Atlantic  form,  yet  the  two  can  in  general  be  readily  distinguished  by  their  foliage.    The 


Spergulann.  'CA  KV(  H'll  VLI^ACK.K.  Ij,",  1 

eastern  fnnii  also  when  Krowinjr  „„  the  seashore  soinetiines  Jias  a  stontisli,  jKTliajfS  iK-reii- 

iiial  root. 

S.  Clevelandi,  Hoiunson.  rerennial,  visci(l-{,Maii(luhir :  leaves  a.siomliijg,  couBpicuounly 
fa.iiiile(l  ill  tlie  axils,  almost  terete  and  filiform,  verv  aiute  and  attenuate,  5  to  10  linttt  iu 
lenj,'th:  tlowers  mueh  as  in  the  laat,  hut  ofu<n  somewhat  larf^er:  needs  winjjed.  —  I'roc. 
Am.  Aca.l.  xxix.  310.  Tiasa  uillosa,  Britton,  1.  c.  129.  /'.  rifvrhiudi,  (Jreene.  Fl.  Frawciii. 
127.  T.  rubra,  K.  IJrandegee,  Zoe,  iv.  84.  — Sandy  soil.  Califiirnia.  San  Diego,  Clnrlan,!. 
Mrs.  lirandtyre;  San  .lose,  Mrs.  Bush;  and  at  the  I'residio,  Sun  Kranci.sc...  ./^/.sofi.  Differ 
ing  from  the  S.  American  S.  nV/osa,  C'andK-.ss.,  in  its  lower  gr.nvth,  .listimtly  smaller  floweni, 
shorter  pedicels,  and  .somewiiat  firmer  and  le.ss  Haccid  lea\es. 

*  #  Slender  spreading  or  erect  annuals  of  tlie  West  and  Southwest,  scarcely  fleshy,  and 
with  short  deltoid  stipules. 

-K-  Corolla  roseate  (or  white  <),  more  tlian  half  .ts  longa.s  the  sepals. 
S.  salsuginea,  Fkx/.l.  Vi.scid-pul)Osccnt  to  nearly  glahrous :  leaves  not  fxscided,  linear- 
fililorm:  ]ie.licels  slender,  ahout  2  lines  long,  spreading  or  deHexed  :  sepals  in  fruit  \\ 
lilies  long,  hut  little  exceeded  by  tiie  capsules:  upjier  leaves  much  reduced,  those  in  the 
higiier  parts  of  the  almost  naked  inflorescence  not  excelling  their  scarious  stijiules :  sUunenH 
usually  only  2  to  3.  —  Fenzl  iu  Ledeh.  Fl.  Hoss.  ii.  166.  S.  climulra.  Boiss.  Fl.  Orient  i. 
7;3.'J.  Areiutrid  dimidru,  Gu.ss.  Frodr.  Sic.  i.  515.  A.  salsuginta,  Bunge  in  Ledeh.  Fl.  Alt. 
ii.  It;;};   l.edel).  Ic.  t.  40;t.     (Siberia.) 

Var.  bracteata,  Koiuxson,  n.  var.  Closely  simulating  the  Asiatic  type  in  hahit, 
pubescence,  flowers,  fruit,  and  seeds :  inflorescence  leafy ;  even  the  uppermo.xt  bracts  con- 
siderably exceeding  their  stipules.  —  .<?.  diandra,  Kobinson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  310. 
Tis.-iu  diandra,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvi.  128.  — Sandy  banks.  Texa.*,  Ihummond, 
Lindfieimer ;  Oregon,  Henderson:  Washington,  Snksdorf.  Decidedly  less  fleshy  in  stems 
and  leaves  than  .">.  sniinn.  Doubtful  sjiccimens  from  Central  California,  coll.  Mrs. 
Brnndegee,  are   transitional   to    S.  tenuis. 

•4-  -t-  Flowers  very  small:  corolla  much  reduced,  con.sisting  of  1  to  3  minute  petals,  or 
wanting. 

S.  Platensis,  Fenzi,.  Low,  glalirous,  2  to  6  inches  in  heiglit,  diffu.<ely  branched  :  leaves 
a  third  to  one  inch  in  lengtii :  stipules  deltoid:  flowers  small,  subglol.ose,  1  to  1  J  lines  iu 
diameter,  not  closely  aggregated  :  pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long :  sepals  elli|)tii-ovate.  a  line  or 
less  in  length,  thick  in  the  middle  but  .scarious-margined  :  valves  of  the  cai)sule  a  third  to 
half  longer  than  the  .«epals ;  seeds  angled,  somewhat  triangular  in  outline,  finely  but  dis- 
tinctly roughened.  —  Ann.  Wien.  iMus.  ii.  272.  5.  gracilis,  Kobinson.  1  c.  311.  Balardia  Pla- 
tensis, Cainbess.  in  St.  Ilil.  Fl.  Bras.  Merid.  ii.  180,  t.  111.  Lejtujimum  graciie,  Wats.  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  xvii.  367.  Tissn  grnrilis,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Clul>,  xvi.  128.  —  Sandy  ground, 
dried  jionds,  etc  ,  Dallas,  Texas,  Reverchon,  to  S.  California,  Parry,  Sevin,  Orcutt.  (S. 
Brazil,  wjience  perhaps  introd.) 

S.  tenuis,  Bomxpov,  1.  c.  Dichotonmnsly  mnch-branched,  becoming  8  to  10  inches  in  height, 
somewhat  glanilnlar-puberulent  or  jinliescent  above:  leaves  6  to  10  lines  long:  the  very 
numerous  flowers  short-pedicelled.  tlie  uppermost  se.ssile  in  cliKse  groups:  bracts  inconspicu- 
ous: stamens  2  to  5:  capsule  twice  the  length  of  the  ovate-oblong  se|)als.  —  Lr/iiiiunuin 
tenue,  Greene,  Pittonia.  i.  63.  Tissa  tenuis,  Greene  in  Britton,  1.  c.  T.  diandra  ?  K.  Bran- 
degee,  Zoe.  iv.  84. —  California  near  Alameda,  Greene,  Williams.  Colu.sa  Co..  Pt.  Costa,  and 
Tulare,  .\frs.  Bnindegee.  A  species  characterized  by  its  copious  branching,  small  cl<>S4'ly 
aggregated  flowers,  and  reduced  corolla,  yet  doubtless  intergradinc  with  .S.  saliun,  of  which 
it  may  be  merely  a  soil  variation.  Var.  involith.^ta,  Robinson,  n.  var.  Heads  of  closely 
aggregated  flowers,  even  at  full  maturity  subtended  anil  exceeded  by  2  to  several  foliaceous 
bracts.  — Mt.  Kden,  Calif.,  Mrs.  Brnndrgfe,  growing  with  and  passing  into  the  tyj)ical  form. 

♦  *  *  Annuals  or  liiennials,  more  decidedly  fleshy,  usually  of  maritime  or  saline  habitat : 
flowers  of  medium  size:  corolla  nn>re  or  less  conspicuous,  white  or  pink,  le-^s  fn-qnenlly 
pink-purple:  stipules  ovate  or  deltoid,  .^carious  but  not  <i>ns|iicuous  or  silvery. 

S.  salina,  •!.  &  C.  Prksl.  Commonly  althoui;h  not  alwavs  pubescent  :  leaves  oft<>n  fasricle«l 
iu  the  axils  :  sepals  ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  narroweil  upwani  although   obtunc  at  the 


252  CARYOPHYLLACE.E.  Speryularia. 

summit,  2  to  2|  lines  long :  flowers  axillary  in  dichotomous  racemes  :  petals  pink  :  capsule 
equalling  or  a  third  to  half  longer  than  the  calyx  ;  seeds  minute,  turgid,  ohovate,  usually 
rougliened,  less  frequently  almost  or  quite  smooth  {Buda  marina,  var.  leiosperma,  N.  E.  Brown, 
ace.  to  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  90;  Corion  tnarinum,  var.  leiosperma,  l!i.'E. 
Brown,  Eng.  Bot.  cd.  3,  Suppl.  48).  — Fl.  Cech.  95  ;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  95  ;  Warming,  Bot. 
Foren.  Festskr.  1890,  238,  f.  20.  5.  Canadensis,  Don,  Syst.  i.  426.  6\  rubra,  var.  marina, 
Gray,  Man.  ed.  1,  64.  1  S.  Miqiielonensls,  Lebel,  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  France,  xv.  58.  S.  media, 
and  var.  macrocarpa.  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  95.  Arenaria  marina,  Bigel.  Fl.  Bost.  109  ;  ?  A. 
Miquelonensis,  La  Pylaie  in  Lebel,  1.  c.  Lepigonum  salinum.  Fries,  Mant.  iii.  34.  L.  medium, 
Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  103,  in  great  part.  Tissa  marina,  Britton,  1.  c.  126.  T.  salimt,  Greene 
(not  Britton),  Fl.  Francis.  1 28,  incl.  var.  sordida,  a  form  with  copious  glandular  pubescence 
and  dense  secund  racemes,  and  var.  Sanjordi,  scarcely  viscid  and  looser  flowered.  7'.  sparsi- 
Jiora,  Greene,  Erytliea,  iii.  47,  a  form  with  more  elongated  leafy-bracted  inflorescence,  yet 
freely  passing  to  the  usual  form.  —  Common  on  both  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts,  also 
occurring  upon  the  Gulf  coast,  and  not  infrequent  about  salt  lakes  and  in  alkaline  regions  of 
the  interior,  especially  westward. 

Var.  (0  minor,  Robinson,  1.  c.  Smaller,  2  to  3  inches  high:  flowers  smaller  and 
very  numerous,  on  short  pedicels  (f  to  2  lines  in  length)  and  consequently  rather  densely 
aggregated. —  Buda  marina,  var.  ?  minor,  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  90.  —  Coast 
of  New  Hampshire  and  Mas.sachusetts.  An  ambiguous  form  suggesting  the  western  5. 
tenuis,  but  smaller  and  with  a  better  developed  corolla. 

S.  borealis,  Robinson,  1.  c.  More  slender  and  in  well  developed  specimens  more  diffusely 
branched  than  the  last  preceding  species,  2  to  5  inches  high,  usually  glabrous :  leaves 
seldom  fascicled;  stipules  ovate,  broader  than  long,  obtuse  or  obtusish:  sepals  ovate,  I  to  I^ 
lines  long,  very  obtuse :  petals  white  or  roseate :  capsule  ovate-oblong,  usually  almost  or 
quite  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx ;  seeds  generally  wingless  and  nearly  or  quite  smooth,  a  half 
line  in  diameter,  about  twice  as  large  as  in  <S'.  salina.  —  Arenaria  rubra,  3,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  274. 
(Dr.  Britton,  who  has  examined  the  type  of  Michaux's  variety,  pronounces  it  identical  with 
this  species.)  A.  Canadensis,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  504,  the  oldest  specific  name,  but  not  to  be  selected 
for  use  under  Spergularia,  since  S.  Canadensis  has  been  employed  by  Don,  Syst.  i.  426,  for 
a  "  pilose  "  and  "  rather  hispid  "  plant,  extending  from  "  Canada  to  Carolina  "  and  being 
doubtless  S.  salina,  Presl.  Lepigonum  medium,  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  103,  in  part.  Tissa  salina, 
Britton,  1.  c.  127.  T.  Canadensis,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  152.  Buda  borealis,  Wats. 
&  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  90.  —  Beaches  and  tidal  marshes,  Labrador  to  Wells,  Maine, 
Deane  ;  also  on  Cape  Cod  at  Dennis,  Rev.  C.  N.  Brainerd. 

*   *  *  *    Stout  and  fleshy  perennials :  flowers  large. 

S.  media,  Presl.  Root  stout,  perpendicular,  giving  off  numerous  accessory  fibres :  stems 
fleshy,  decumbent,  ascending:  pedicels  commonly  exceeding  the  flowers,  deflexed  ;  racemes 
short-bracted,  secund :  petals  rose-lilac :  sepals  rather  broadly  ovate-oblong,  obtusish,  about 
two  thirds  the  length  of  the  capsules  ;  the  latter  ovoid,  becoming  3i  lines  long  ;  seeds  often 
broadly  winged.  —  Fl.  Sic.  p.  xvii.  &  in  Griseb.  Spicil.  Fl.  Rumel.  i.  213.  «S\  marginnta, 
Kitt.  Tascheub.  ed.  2,  1003;  Garcke,  Fl.  Deutschl.  ed.  17,  96.  S.  marina,  Griseb.  1.  c.  Are- 
naria rubra,  var.  marina,  L.  Spec.  i.  423,  in  great  part,  Jide  Lefller.  Lepigonum  marinnm, 
Wahlb.  Fl.  Gothob.  45,  "  et  Auctores  Scand.  omnes !  "  ^fide  Lefller.  —  Near  Salina,  New  York, 
Frg  (herb.  N.  Y.  Bot.  Garden),  and  Saucelito,  Marin  Co.,  Calif.,  Mrs.  Brandegee  (herb. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.).  A  species  now  generally  recognized  under  some  name  by  European 
authors.  Although  difficult  of  technical  limitation  on  the  side  of  S.  salina,  it  can  in  general 
be  readily  distinguished  by  its  stouter  root  and  much  larger  flowers  and  seeds.  From  the 
following  it  differs  in  its  relatively  broader  sepals  and  well  exserted  capsule. 

S.  macrotheca,  Hevnh.  Smooth  to  densely  glandular-tomentose  :  root  large:  stems 
spreading,  ascending,  8  to  15  inches  in  height:  leaves  linear,  acute,  mucronate,  8  lines  to  2 
inches  in  length,  about  a  line  in  breadth ;  internodes  more  or  less  developed,  usually  6  lines 
to  1  inch  long  :  floral  bracts  resembling  the  leaves :  inflorescence  inclined  to  be  racemiform  ; 
pedicels  4  to  12  lines  in  length,  spreading  or  more  or  less  deflexed  :  sepals  lanceolate,  acutish 
or  subacuminate  to  an  obtuse  point,  tliick  in  the  middle,  nearly  smooth  or  viscid-glandular, 
conspicuously  membranous-margined  :  petals  roseate,  shorter  than  the  sepals :  ca])snle  ob- 
long-ovoid, acutish,  about  equalling  the  calyx. —  Nomencl.  ii.  689,  Jide  Hook.  f.  &  Jackson, 


Drijmaria.  CAKV(  )ril  VLI.ACK.K.  263 

Index  Kow.  ii.  orjO  ;  T{<)l)insoii,  1.  o.  IWl.  Arenaria  macrothera,  Hnriirni  in  ("liain,  &  Sihlerlit. 
Linna;:i,  i.  5.J.  /.rfiii/oiiKm  m<irrot/ucitm,  V'mU.  &  Mcy.  lud.  Sem.  U>,n  IVtn.ji.  iii.  14  ;  Kiiid- 
l)erg,  MoiK.gr.  Hi,  t.  1,  f.  1  ;  Wats.  IJil.l.  Ind.-x.  laj.  /,.  fli,l,usr,  KImIi.  &.  .M»-v.  1.  c.  .S/^rr- 
rfiilmia  rubra, 'I'urr.  I'acif.  H.  Kcp.  iv.  70.  —  CalifDrnia,  rliieliv  on  or  near  lUe  cojwt.  A 
polyninrphoiis  si.c.ics,  the  varii-lii-.s  of  wliicli.  aliliougli  iliverso  in  a«|»eil,  upjiear  in  a  largo 
series  of  speiiniens  to  lie  tlioroiif^liiy  eonneeted  In-  internieilialeM. 

Var.  leucantha,  Hoiunso.n,  l.  e.  Kreet  or  nearly  so,  more  Klcndcr,  with  l..n>c  inler- 
nodes  :  leaves  .s(»niewhat  narrower  and  more  erect  than  in  the  type:  floral  l.racts  reduced 
and  intlore.seenee  more  distinctly  cymose;  j.edieels  elongated,  slender,  rather  rigidlv  spread- 
ing or  deHexed  :  corolla  white  or  rose-lilac,  nearly  G  lines  in  diameter.  — /Vs.wi  Ifiiniuihit, 
(Jreene,  Fl.  Francis.  127.  — A  variety  of  alkaline  regions  of  the  interior  <jf  California,  from 
Mendocino  Co.,  liraiultiji-r,  and  .Solano  Co.,  Mrs.  Urandrtjii ,  Miss  Kiistwu<nt,  t<j  iSaii  Iteruar- 
dino  Co.,  Parish. 

Var.  SCariOSa,  Honixsov,  l.  c.  Low,  p.-\le,  smoothish  near  the  ba«e,  and  often  very 
glandular-wisL-id  ahove,  densely  leafy ;  the  internodes  scarcely  or  ncjt  at  all  developed  :  leaves 
4  to  6  lines  long,  acute;  stijmles  conspicuous,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  .3  to  5  line.s  long: 
inflorescence  racemiform  ;  pedicels  not  greatly  exceeding  the  calyx  :  flowers  inclining  to  Ins 
smaller  and  more  numerous  than  in  thetyjie.—  Tlssa  ma<ToM«vi,' var.  scar^s«,  Britton,  Hull. 
Torr.  Club,  xvi.  129.  T.  pallida,  Greene  in  Britton,  1.  c,  &  Fl.  Francis,  i.  127.  —  Coaj<t  of 
California  at  Monterey,  Tonn/,  Hooker  &  Crai/,  Tii/eslrom,  Fort  Point,  Brand, tje,,  .-in<l  at 
Lime  Point,  Marin  Co.,  Miss  Eastirood.  T.  valida,  Greene  ( Krythea,  i.  I(»7),  from  the  I.«land 
of  Sta.  Cruz,  appears  to  be  a  firmer  and  more  erect  form  of  the  .same  thing,  al.^o  j.ale  and 
very  viscid,  but  with  more  elongated  internodes  and  distinctly  dichotonioua  cvniose 
iufloresceuce. 

15.  SP£;RGULA,  L.  SruRUY.  (Name  from  the  Latin  spnryere.  to 
strew,  in  ict'ireiicc  to  the  scattering  of  the  nunierou.s  seeds.)  —  Annuals  with  n:ir- 
rowly  linear  slightly  fleshy  apparently  whorled  leaves;  one  sj)ecies  eonnnon  in 
America,  having  probably  been  introduced  with  grain  from  the  Old  World. — 
Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  37o  ;  Reichenb.  Ic.  PI.  Crit.  vi.  t.  ol  1-513, 

S.  ARVENSis,  L.  A  foot  or  two  high :  leaves  numerous  in  rather  remote  whorls :  inflores- 
cence a  terminal  naked  spreading  cymose  panicle;  pedicels  often  deflexed  in  fruit:  jK-taLi 
white,  equalling  or  slightly  exceeding  the  sepals,  2  to  24  lines  long:  capsule  ovate-glolK>!«e ; 
seeds  black,  minutely  roughened  with  light-colored  papilhe,  acutely  edged  but  scan-elv 
winged.  —  Spec.  i.  440;  Walt.  Car.  142;  Kng.  Bot.  t.  15.3.5;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  .320 ;  Hook.  fI. 
Bor.-Am.  i.  92;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  174;  Bothr.  PI.  Ahusk.  444.  .S.  mmnsissima,  Dougl. 
in  Torr.  &  (ir.iy.  I.e. — Grain  fields  and  cultivated  ground,  common.  United  States  and 
Canada,  northward  to  Alaska.     (Introd.  from  the  Obi  World.) 

16.  DRYMARIA,  Willd.  (Name  from  Spv/xd?,  an  oak  copse;  some 
species  having  been  ,<^upposed  to  prefer  that  habitat.)  —  Willd.  in  Rtem.  &  Sch. 
Syst.  v.  p.  xxxi.  ;  IIBIv.  Nov.  Gen.  &.  Spec.  vi.  21,  t.  515,  516;  DC.  Prodr.  i. 
.S95;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  102,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  327-3211.  —  A  group  of 
low  diffusely  branched  plants,  chieHy  of  the  New  World,  and  attaining  its  maxi- 
mum development  in  Mexico.     Our  species  are  weak  annuals. 

*  Cauline  leaves  rather  broadly  ov.ite. 
D.  Fendleri,  Watson.  An  erect  annual,  2  to  10  inches  high  :  stems,  peduncles,  and  |K>tiol.>!« 
finely  glandular-pubescent:  leaves  membranaceous,  reniform-ovate.  suUordate,  abruptlv 
acuminate,  nearly  smooth,  4  to  5  lines  long,  on  .slender  ]ieti(des  half  their  length  :  llowew 
aggregated  in  termin.-il  fascicles  or  .solitary  in  the  forks:  sepals  herbaceous.  lanc«Nd.ito. 
acuminate.  1-3-nerved.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  .328.  D.  rordaia.  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  1.3.  not 
Willd.  D.  glandidosn.  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  18;  Torr.  Pacif.  B.'Bep.  iv.  70.  &  Bot. 
Mex.   Bound.     37.  —  New  Mexico  and  Arizona;  fl.  Augu.-Jt,  .S'pten>!»or. 

D.  holosteoides,  Bkxth.  Prostnte,  smooth  or  jmberulenf.  somewh.it  glnncom* :  nxcmn 
numerous,  each  bearing  2  to  3  remote  fascicles  of  l.;iv..<  i-..!  ii..«.  r-     '•  nves  np|K'aring  (ju.v 


254  CARYOPHYLLACE.E.  Dn/maria. 

teruate,  ovate,  obtuse,  thickish,  3-5-nerved,  3  to  6  lines  long,  rather  abruptly  contracted  into 
slender  petioles  2  to  3  lines  in  length :  pedicels  equalling  or  slightly  exceeding  the  petioles, 
1-flowered :  sepals  obtusish,  Ij  lines  long,  with  conspicuous  membranous  margins:  seeds 
black,  of  rather  irregular  form,  with  broad  thin   cotyledons  incumbent  upon  the  curved 
radicle.  —  Bot.  Sulph.  16  ;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  103  ;  Brandegee,  Zoe,  ii.  68,  69  (where  prop- 
erly distinguished  from  D.  crussi/oliu).     D.  crassi folia,  Yasey  &  Kose,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Herb.  i.  66;  Brandegee,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  ii.  131,  not  of  later  publications.     D. 
Veatchii,  Curran,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  227.    Mollwjo  verticillata,  var.,  Coulter,  Con- 
trib. U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  39.     M.  Camhessedesii,  Coulter,  1.  c.  ii.  138.  —  W.  Texas,  in  dry  bed 
of  Tarlinga  Creek,  Havard,  Limpia  Canon,  Neallei/.     (Lower  Calif.,  Brandegee,  Palmer.) 
D.  CRASSiFOLiA,  Bentli.  1.  c.  (Brandegee,  Zoe,  ii.  68,  69),  is  a  nearly  related  probably  peren- 
nial species  of  Lower  California  (coll.  Hinds,  Xanthus,  Brandegee),  differing  in  its  more  con- 
densed habit,  tliicker  and  more  glaucous  broadly  rhombic-ovate  or  suborbicular  leaves  and  more 
regular  seeds  with  narrower  cotyledons. 

I).  poLYCARPoft>E8,  Gray  (PI.  Fendl.  12),  of  Northern  Mexico,  may  attain  ou»  southwestern 
borders.  It  resembles  D.  holosteoides  and  D.  crassij'olia,  but  has  scarcely  petioled  ovate-lanceo- 
late leaves.     (Mex.,  Gregg,  Palmer.) 

*  *  Cauline  leaves  linear,  pseudoverticillate. 
D.  sperguloides,  Gray.  Covered  with  a  fine  grayish  pubescence  or  quite  glabrous  :  radi- 
cal leaves  spatulate,  fugacious  :  stem  erect,  with  spreading  brandies  and  pseudoverticels  of 
4  to  8  sessile  narrow  obtuse  slightly  fleshy  leaves :  inflorescence  diffuse  ;  flowers  .slender- 
pedicelled.— PI.  Fendl.  11,  &  PI.  Wright,  ii.  19;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  37.  —  Cornfields, 
etc.,  Texas,  near  Presidio  del  Norte,  Parry;  New  Mexico,  Fendler,  Wright;  Arizona, 
Palmer,  Leinmon. 

D.  visc6sA,  Watson  (Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  469),  of  N.  Lower  Calif.,  if  it  reaches  S.  Cali- 
fornia, may  be  distinguished  from  the  preceding  by  its  prostrate  habit  and  smaller  nearly  sessile 
and  very  viscid  flowers.     (Lower  Calif.,  Orcutt,  Palmer.) 

*  *   *   Cauline  leaves  linear,  opposite  :  stems  erect,  delicate,  much  branched  :  flowers  short- 
pedicelled  in  the  forks  of  a  diffuse  inflorescence. 
D.  eflflisa,  Gray.     Viscid,  especially  upon  the  upper  part  of  each  internode  :  radical  leaves 
obovate,  seldom  persisting ;  cauline  very  narrowly  linear,  obtuse  :  sepals  elliptic,  obtuse  or 
scarcely  acute,  not  distinctly  ribbed,  considerably  exceeded  by  the  petals.  — PI.  Wright,  ii. 
19;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  37. — Mountainous  districts,  New  Mexico,    Wright;  Arizona, 
liothrock,  Lemmon.     (Adj.  Mex.,  Thurher.) 
D.  tenella,  Gray.    In  size  and  habit  closely  resembling  the  preceding,  but  glabrous  and 
not  viscid :  sepals  acutish,  rather  strongly  ribbed,  a  line  in  length,  about  equalling  the 
petals.  —  PI.  Fendl.   12,  &  PI.  Wright,  ii.    19. — Shady   places,    woodland,  New   Mexico, 
Fendler,  Wright,  Greene.     (Adj.  Mex.,  Pringle.) 

D.  NODOSA,  Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  12,  of  Mexico,  is  a  third  closely  related  species, 
but  has  glandular  stems,  and  somewhat  larger  flowers  with  attenuate  rather  rigid  sepals  (1| 
to  2  lines  long). 

17.  POLYCARPON,  [Loefl.]  L.  {YioXv^,  much,  many,  and  /capTro'?, 
fruit,  from  the  innumerable  capsules.)  —  Flowers  numerous,  cymose,  very 
small.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  881,  later  ascribed  by  Linnaeus  (Gen.  ed.  6,  no.  105) 
toLoefling;  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  376;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  173.  Polycarpa,  Loefl. 
It.  7,  the  earliest  name  but  not  characterized.  —  A  small  genus  of  low  much- 
branched  annuals. 

P.  unifl6rum,  Walt.  (Car.  83),  is  obscure.  It  may  well  have  been  Arenaria  alsinoides. 
Described  as  pentapetalous,  it  certainly  cannot  have  been  Sesuvium  Portulacastrum,  to  which  it 
has  been  of  late  referred. 

P.  tetraphY'llum,  L.  Nearly  or  quite  smooth  :  stems  2  to  6  inches  long,  prostrate  or  ascend- 
ing :  leaves  (|uaternate  f)r  opposite,  oblong  or  obovate,  obtuse,  2^  to  6  lines  long,  abru])tly 
narrowed  to  short  petioles  :  stipules  and  bracts  scarious,  acuminate,  the  Intter  equalling  the 
rather  sharply  carinate  sepals  :  petals  white.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  881,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  131 ; 


Stlj,ulicl,In.  CAItVorilVIJ.ACK.E.  255 

Eng.  Bot.  t.  10.31  ;  F.ll.  Sk.  i.  182.  —  Iiitr.HliucI  in  S.  Carolina  near  Charleston  and  at 
Camden,  Cintis  ;  also  nalurali/.td  in  California,  Na|)a  Co.,  Jipson,  and  Solano  Co.,  liuu'itli : 
and  ocea.sionalh- found  on  l.alliLst  in  tlie  Middle  Atlantic  StateH.  (InlnMl.  from  the  Old 
World,  where  widely  distributed.) 

P.  depressum,  Nitt.  Smaller:  .stems  uumerou.s,  1  to  2  inches  long  :  leaves  oppiwito.  nicit- 
ulatc,  ol.t  list-,  attenuate  to  shnder  petioles  :  Kracts  niueh  shorter  than  the  scarcelv  carinato 
sepals  :  pilals  very  narrow  or  Mil)tiliform  :  cap.sule  spherical.  —  Nutt.  in'lorr.  &  (Jniv,  1.  v. 
174;  IJrew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  71.  — Sandhills,  S.  California,  near  San  l)i«-f,r<),  \,iit,ill, 
Cleceliind,  near  San  Hcriiardino,  I.>inmin,,  I'ndsh,  also  on  Sta  Harl.ara  and  Su».  Catalina 
Ids.,  liiaiidcijiv.     (  Lower  Calif.,  Onutl,  Palmer.) 

18.  LCEFLlNGIA,  L.  (Dedicated  to  J\'fer  Lnfiufj,  a  Swt-di.sh  traveller 
and  naturalist,  born  1729.)  —  Small  spreading  glandular  somewhat  rigid  annuals, 
with  subulate  inconspicuous  leaves  and  sessile  solitary  or  more  commonly  fascicu- 
late greenish  Howers.  —  Spec.  i.  35;   Loefi.  It.  1G2;  DC.  Prodr,  iii.  ;580. 

*  Outer  sepals  provided  with  lateral  teeth. 
L.  Texana,  Hook.  Branching  from  near  the  ba.se:  branches  4  to  6  inches  long:  flowers 
ciiiitly  borne  upon  short  secund  and  somewhat  recurved  branchlets:  sepals  straight  or 
slightly  curved:  stamens  in  the  flowers  examined  3  (5  ace.  to  Hooker  and  Cray):  seeds 
rather  broadly  obovate.  —  le.  t.  285  (text  with  t.  27.'j) ;  Brandegee.  Zoe,  i.  219.  L.  gt/uar- 
rosa,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  674  ;  Gray,  Gen.  HI.  ii.  23,  t.  106  (figs.  7  and  8  rejiresenting  the 
seed  too  narrow  and  with  cotyledons  incumbent  instead  of  accumbent  a.s  is  the  ca.se) ; 
Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  ii.  31. —  Central  and  Ea.steni  'IVxa-s,  linimiitnud,  \i'iii/fit, 
Ua'l :  northward  to  Nebraska,  Webber  (ace.  to  Britton).  Differing  slightly,  but  as  it 
appears  constantly,  from  the  following. 

L.  squarrosa,  Nitt.  Smaller,  2  to  4  inches  high  :  branchlets  .scarcely  or  not  at  all  .se- 
iiiiiil  :  sc]ials  pretty  strongly  recurved  and  s(|uarrose  :  stamens  3  (to  .">?):  seeds  oblong  or 
elliptical  in  outline.  —Torr.  &  (Jr.iy,  Fl.  i.  174  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  72  ;  Wats.  Hibl. 
Index,  104  (excl.  syn.) ;  Brandegee,  1.  c.  —  Sandy  soil, California,  from  San  Diego  northward 
to  the  Sacramento  Valley  and  Sierra  Co.,  Lemmon.  (Lower  Calif.,  Brandegee.) 
♦  *    Sepals  all  entire. 

L.  ptisilla,  CrRRAX.  Low  and  condensed,  2  to  3  inches  in  height :  branches  closely  flowered, 
not  <listinctly  secund:  sepals  lanceolate,  acute  and  bristle-tipped  :  stamens  (in  flowers  exam- 
ined) 3.  —  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  l.')2;  Brandegee,  Zoe,  i.  220.  —  Tehachapi,  California, 
4,000  ft.,  Mr.t.  Currnit.  This  very  interesting  species  has  the  calyx  of  a  Cerdiu,  but  is  dis- 
tinguished from  that  genus  by  the  number  of  stamens,  the  absence  of  a  style,  and  the  ac- 
cumbent position  of  the  cotyledons,  which  in  Cerdia  appear  to  be  constantly  incumbent. 

19.  STIPULIClDA,  Michx.  (Name  from  the  Latin  stipuld,  stalk,  bhide. 
stipule,  and  ccedere,  to  cut,  from  its  deeply  divided  stipules.)  —  Fl,  i.  L'G,  t.  C> ; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  2o,  t.  107.  —  A  very  small  or  perhaps  monotypic  genus,  scarcely 
ditfering  in  its  technical  characters  from  the  Old  World  Poiycarpcea,  but  with  a 
distinct  habit,  somewhat  that  of  an  Eriogonum. 

S-  setacea,  .Mi<  nx.  l.  <•.  .\  span  hijrh  :  root  .simple:  stems  dichotomou.sly  forked:  radical 
leaves  spatulate,  2  t)  4  lines  long,  narrowed  to  a  slender  petiole:  flowers  small,  fjuscicled 
(usually  3  to  6  togethei)  at  the  ends  of  the  naked  branches  :  bracts  awn  like  from  a  lanceo 
late  more  or  less  fimbriate-margined  b.-vse,  ami  nearly  ei|nalling  the  flowers. — Chapm.  Fl. 
47.  Poh/rarpon  stipuliciduni,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  Ill  ;  I'ursli,  Fl.  i.  'J(».  —  Sandy  soil,  North  Caro- 
lina to  Florida. 

S.  filiformis,  Nash.  More  slender  ami  with  more  numerous  branches:  f.-iscides  fewer 
(I-.!)-tlow(red:  bracts  shorter.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club.  xxii.  148.  — Dry  s.-uidy  soil,  in  "  s«rnb  " 
ami  pine  woods,  near  Ku.stis.  Flori<la,  Xnsh.  An  apparently  identical  fornt  w. -is  collated  on 
the  .Man.atee  Kiver  by  A'l/'/c/.  no.  61.  It  is  doubtctl  whether  the  differences  between  this  and 
the  preceding  will  be  found  constant. 


256  FICOIDE^. 

Ordek  XIX.     FICOIDE^. 

By  B.  L.  Robinson. 

Herbs  of  annual  or  perennial  duration,  often  succulent,  rarely  lignescent,  with 
watery  juice  and  simple  entire  or  serrulate  mostly  opposite  or  pseudoverticillate 
leaves.  Flowers  regular,  perfect,  polygamous,  or  unisexual.  Calyx  4-5-cleft  or 
4-5-sepalous,  free  or  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  ovary.  Petals  in  N.  American 
genera  wanting  except  in  Mesembryanthemum  (where  narrow,  numerous,  and  in- 
serted upon  the  calyx).  Stamens  as  many  as  the  divisions  of  the  calyx,  or  fewer, 
or  indefinitely  numerous  and  then  inclining  to  be  grouped  in  phalanges,  hypogy- 
nous  or  distinctly  perigynous  ;  bilocular  anthers  short-oblong.  Ovary  free,  half 
adnate  to  the  calyx,  or  wholly  inferior,  1-x-locuIar  ;  styles  or  free  stigmas  as 
many  as  the  cells  of  the  ovary,  stigmatose  along  the  inner  surface.  Fruit  a 
loculicidal  or  circumscissile  capsule,  or  rarely  indehiscent  and  baccate  or  nutlike. 
Seeds  1  to  x,  with  sparing  or  copious  albumen  and  curved  peripheral  embryo. 

With  the  exception  of  the  large  and  chiefly  S.  African  genus  Mesembryanthe- 
mum (including  about  300  species,  many  of  which  are  known  in  horticulture), 
this  loosely  bound  and  poorly  defined  order  is  composed  of  small  and  unimportant 
genera.  Its  members,  however,  possess  much  classificatory  interest,  since  they 
exhibit  afliinities  with  the  Caryophyllacece  and  Paronychiacece  on  the  one  hand, 
and  the  Portulacacece  and  Cactacece  on  the  other,  thus  serving  to  connect  these 
important  orders. 

Tribe  I.  MOLLUGINE^E.  Calyx  free,  divided  nearly  or  quite  to  the  base. 
Petals  (in  ours)  none.  Stamens  mostly  hypogynous.  Fruit  (in  ours)  a  loculici- 
dal capsule. 

1.  MOLLUGO.  Sepals  5,  elliptic,  concave,  obtuse,  1-3-nerved,  with  thin  margins.  Stamens 
3  to  5  (rarely  in  foreign  species  more  numerous),  hypogynous,  when  5  alternate  with  the 
sepals,  and  when  3  alternate  with  the  carpels.  Ovary  3-celled,  many -seeded  ;  styles  filiform, 
short,  distinct  to  the  base.  Capsule  ovoid,  thin-walled,  rounded  at  the  summit ;  seeds 
estrophiolate,  borne  on  short  straight  funiculi ;  these  remaining  fixed  to  the  placenta. 

2.  GLINUS.  Flowers  mostly  short-peduncled  and  aggregated  in  rather  dense  verticillasters 
about  the  upper  nodes.  Stamens  5  to  10  (rarely  more  numerous).  Seeds  with  distinct 
strophiole  at  the  hilum ;  funiculi  very  long  and  slender,  coiled  about  the  seeds  and  in  great 
part  deciduous  with  them.     ( )ther  characters  as  in  the  preceding. 

Tribe  II.     AIZOIDE/E.     Calyx  free,  with  a  distinct   turbinate,  campanulate,  or 
subcylindric  tube,  and  4-5-cleft  limb.     Petals  none.     Fruit  (in  ours)  a  circumscis- 
sile capsule.     Leaves  (in  ours)  opposite,  mostly  unequal. 
*   Ovary  1-2-ceIled  :  stipules  present. 

3.  CYPSELEA.  Calyx-tube  short,  campanulate  ;  segments  4  to  5,  unequal,  ovate,  obtuse, 
erect,  green,  una]>pendaged.  Stamens  1  to  3,  alternate  with  the  calyx-lobes.  Ovary  ovoid 
or  subglobose,  1-celled,  many-ovuled ;  short  erect  style  2-cleft.  Seeds  minute,  smoothish, 
estrophiolate ;  slender  straight  funiculi  remaining  attached  to  the  free  central  placenta. 
Leaves  opposite  ;  stipules  scarious,  laciniate. 

4.  TRIANTHEMA.  Calyx-lobes  .5,  concave,  colored  within,  with  dorsal  horn-like  appen- 
dage from  beneath  the  apex.  Stamens  varying  from  5  or  6  to  10,  alternate  with  the  lobes 
of  the  calyx  when  of  the  same  number.      Ovary  truncate,  1-2-celled ;  styles  or  stigmas 


Molbigo  FICOIDK.K.  207 

iinriiiiillv  •>.  (■.ritrallv  sitti.it. -.I,  l.nt  (in  X.  AiiuTiran  sjiPcii-M)  hy  ahortion  Kinjjlf  an<l  at  l.-ii^th 
cxieiitiic.  C'ai.siil.-  ,sliurt-i_vliii.lric  or  liirliiiiaU-.  {»•«•(  1 -.I ).mm'.Ic.|,  tar.lilv  •intiniH.irihilc.  tin- 
upper  i)(>rtioii  tliickfiioil.corcacL'uu.sor.KulxTo.si'.  witli  iii<.«tlv2  r..uii<led  iiiarf,'iual  crehtw  ijartly 
or  almost  conii)lftelv  surrouiiiiiiig  the  concave  very  ol»li(jue  Nuniniit. 

•   *   Ovary  3-5-felle(l :  HtipulcH  none. 

5.  SESUVIUM.  Calyx  Scleft  to  l.elow  tiie  middle;  oldong  wgmentH  ol.tiwc  or  «d.luHihli, 
but  c.uiiuouly  cornute  dorsally  heueatli  the  apex,  colored  within.  SUimens  .-i  and  alternaui 
with  the  calyx-lohes  or  nunu-rous  and  ind.Hiiite,  perij,Mnous.  Kometiinej.  nlightlv  iinite.l  into 
phaUufies.  Ovary  free  from  the  calyx,  many-ovuled  ;  Htylea  3  (to  5),  filiform'  free  to  the 
base.     Capsule  membranaceous,  3(-5)-celled  ;  seeds  several  to  many  in  each  cell. 

Tkimk  III.  MESEMlillYANTllE.E.  Calyx-tube  partially  or  wholly  a.li.ate  t.,  tli.- 
ovary. 

♦   Petals  0  :  fruit  indehiscent. 

6.  TETRAGONIA.  Calyx-tube  at  length  euveloj)ing  and  adnate  to  the  ovary,  mostlv 
4-lnl>ed  or  -tontlud,  fleshy ;  lobes  short,  obtuse,  erect  and  connivent  after  anthesis.  '  Stamens 

1  to  «,  sometimes  more  or  less  united  at  the  ba.se  into  phalanges,  jierigvnous :  ovarv  half 
iuferior,  at  length  vvliolly  so,  with  ."J  to  9  cells  and  a.s  many  short  distinct  stvles;  cell's  uui- 
ovuiate.  Fruit  a  somewhat  4(-6)-iiorne(i  nut ;  seeds  solitary,  pendent  in  the  iudehisceut 
cells,  pyriform,  estropliiolate;  enil)ryo  horse-shoe  shaped. 

♦   ♦    Petals  numerous :  fruit  a  capsule,  loculicidally  dehiscent  at  the  summit. 

7.  MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.  Calyx  normally  .5-partcd  or  5-toothed,  unequal.  Petals 
X,  linear,  s.mietiines  in  several  .scries,  in.'^erted  together  with  the  numerous  and  indefinite 
stamens  ui)un  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Ovary  5(-QC)-celled  ;  styles  a.s  many  a.s  the  cells  of 
tlie  ovary,  free  or  nearly  so.  Fruit  .stellate,  with  distinct  epicarp  and  cndocarp,  dehiwing 
under  tlie  influence  of  moisture  ;  seeds  numerous,  minute. 

1.  MOLLUGO,  L.  Indi.vn  Chick  weed.  (Name  dcriv*.!  from  mnUis. 
soft,  used  by  riiny  for  some  uuidentified  plant,  and  by  the  lu-rbalist.s  for  Gnlinm 
Molhigo,  from  which    it  was  by   Linnaeus  transferred  to   the   present  genus,  on 

account,    perhaps,    of   the    superficial    similarity    of    leaf-arrangement.) Gen. 

no.  839  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  13,  t.  101  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  8.07  (exd.  syn. 
Glinus)  ;  Pax  in  Engl.  «fe  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  lb,  30.  Mollur/o,  su'bg. 
MoUugo,  Fenzl,  Ann.  Wien.  Mus.  i.  375-384.  Lampetia  &  Nemallosis,  Raf.  Fl. 
Tellur.  iii.  34. —  Glabrous  profusely  branched  annuals  with  rosulate  or  pscudo- 
verticillate  leaves  and  small  apetalous  slender-pedicelled  flowers. 

♦  Seeds  3-5-ribbed  parallel  to  the  median  dors.al  line,  and  often  minutelv  and  transversely 
rugo.se  l>etween  the  ribs  :  cauline  leaves  spatulate  to  lance-oblong  or  rarelv  linear:  pros- 
trate or  ascending. 

M.  verticillata,  L.  (Carpet-weed.)  Slender  terete  stem.s  radiating,  dichotomonsly 
branclied  :  leaves  3  to  Gat  each  node,  unequal,  half  inch  to  inch  in  length,  the  larger  ones  2 
to  4  lines  in  breadth,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  at  the  b.xse :  flowon* 

2  to  5  from  each  node,  slender-pedicelled,  sul)tended  by  f.di.iceous  bnictj* :  sepals  elliptic- 
oblong,  obtn.se,  3-nerved,  not  reticulated:  stamens  3  (to  4):  capsule  short-oblong. —  S|)ec.  i. 
89  ;  Fenzl,  1.  c.  376  ;  Gray,  1.  c.  14 ;  Kohrb.  in  Mart.  Fl.  Hra.s.  xiv.  pt.  2.  240-243  (ind.  vnr 
scrohicuhUa),  t.  S."),  f.  2  ;  Meehan,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiv.  218.  .1/.  arfunrin,  IIMK.  Nov.  (Jen. 
&  Spec.  vi.  20.  — Lower  Canada  to  Florida  and  .across  the  continent,  common  e.s|>eciallv  u|«»n 
bare  ground  of  paths,  &c.     (Mex.,  W.  Ind.,  Trop.  Amer.,  "  Trop.  Afr.") 

*  *  Seeds  finely  reticulated :  cauline  leaves  very  narrow,  linear :  habit  a.scending  or  sul>- 
•erect :  southwestern. 

M.  Cervidna,  Serinoe.  Very  slender:  2  to  8  inches  hi-:h,  much  branched:  stems  and 
branches  filifc.rm,  terete:  leaves  glaucons ;  the  b.-us.-il  spatulate,  forming  a  more  or  less 
persistent  rosette ;  the  uppermost  reduced  to  minute  bracts  :  flowers  small,  the  lower  verticil- 

17 


258  FICOIDE.E.  Glinus. 

late  about  the  nodes,  the  upper  disposed  in  a  filiform-branched  panicle  :  sepals  1 -nerved 
and  reticulated  with  green  veins :  capsule  globose.  —  Seringe  in  DC.  Trodr.  i.  392 ;  Feuzl 
Ann.  Wieu.  Mus.  i.  379 ;  Wats.  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  360 ;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Herb.  ii.  138.  Pharnacenm  Cerciana,  L.  Spec.  i.  272  (excl.  syn.  Buxb.).  —  River  banks,  also 
in  sterile  granitic  sand  and  on  mesas,  S.  W.  Texas,  at  Bluffton,  Palmer,  and  on  Pecan  Creek, 
ace.  to  Plank ;  New  Mexico,  (ircene;  Arizona,  Lvmmon,  Pringle,  Jones.  (Mex.,  Palmer; 
Lower  Calif.,  Brandegee ;  Mediterranean  Kegion  ;  S.  Afr. ;   E.  Ind.) 

2.  GLINUS,  L.  (FAii'os  or  yXcij/os,  a  name  used  by  Theophrastiis  for  a 
maple  ;  the  reason  for  its  ai^plication  to  the  present  genus  is  wholly  obscure.)  — 
Spec.  i.  463  (but  later  in  Gen.  ed.  5,  no.  537,  &,  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  663,  Linnaeus 
ascribes  the  genus  to  Lo-fling,  who,  in  1758,  in  his  It.  Hispan.  145,  republished 
G.  lotoides);  Fenzl,  Ann.  Wien.  Mus.  i.  355;  Pax  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat. 
Prianzenf.  iii.  Ab.  lb,  40.  Physa,  Du  Petit-Thouars,  Gen.  Nov.  Madag.  20. 
Under  MuUugo,  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  857.  —  Small  genus  of  homely  plants, 
nearly  related  to  MoUugo,  but  with  sharp  and  apparently  constant  technical  dis- 
tinctions in  the  peculiar  elongated  funiculi  and  strophiolate  seeds.  Our  species 
annuals,  pubescent  with  soft  branching  hairs. 

G.  lotoides,  L.  1.  c.  Diffusely  branched  from  the  base,  densely  clothed  in  cinereous  tomen- 
tum ;  stems  procumbent  or  ascending :  pseudoverticillate  leaves  obovate,  rounded  at  the 
apex,  cuneately  narrowed  at  the  base  to  slender  petioles :  flowers  pedicellate  or  subsessile  in 
glomerules :  sepals  2  to  3j  lines  long,  rather  broadly  oblong,  scarcely  mucronate  :  stamens 
mostly  10  or  more:  seeds  nearly  black,  granulated.  —  Lcefl.  1.  c. ;  Lam.  Diet.  ii.  729  ;  Sibth. 
Fl.  Graec.  v.  t.  472.  G.  lotoides,  var.  a  Candida,  Fenzl,  1.  c.  i.  357.  G.  dictamnoides.  Lam. 
1.  c.     (Mediterranean  Reg.,  E.  Ind.)     Represented  in  N.  Amer.  chiefly  if  not  wholly  by 

Var.  virens,  Fenzl,  1.  c.  358.  Less  densely  pubescent :  leaves  glabrate  at  least  above; 
the  broad  blade  sometimes  half  inch  in  diameter  :  flowers  mostly  smaller,  about  2  lines  long: 
sepals  more  narrowly  oblong  tli!in  in  the  type  and  more  or  less  distinctly  mucronate :  stamens 
5  to  10  :  seeds  inclining  to  be  red,  granulated  as  in  the  type. —  G.  dictamnoides,  L.  Mant.  ii. 
243;  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  4.55. —  Abundant  at  Verdigris,  Ind.  Terr.,  and  in  Arkansas,  Bush; 
also  earlier  collected  in  California  (where  perhaps  introduced),  at  Chico,  Parry,  Lathrop, 
Mrs.  Brandegee,  a  more  pubescent  form  possibly  referable  to  the  type.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  that  the  California  plant  is  of  this  species  ratlier  than  of  the  following,  where  first 
placed  by  Dr.  Watson. 

G.  Cambessidesii,  Fenzl,  1.  c.  Habit  of  the  preceding  species  but  less  robust,  cinereous- 
tomeutose  or  greener:  flowers  1|  to  2  lines  in  length:  stamens  3  to  5  :  seeds  red,  very 
smooth  and  shining. —  G.radiatus,'Ro\\Th.  in.  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  2,  238.  G.  lotoides, 
Rose,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  331,  not  L.  Moltugo  radiata,  Ruiz  &  Pav.  Fl.  Peruv.  i. 
48.  M.  gllnoldes,  Cambess.  in  St.  Hil.  Fl.  Bras.  Merid.  ii.  171,  t.  109.  —  A  single  specimen 
from  our  limits  labelled  Texas  (without  locality)  from  herb.  Durand  is  now  in  herb.  Gray. 
The  species,  however,  is  not  uncommon  in  Mexico,  extending  from  the  Yaqui  River,  Pa/zner, 
southward.     (Lower  Calif.,  ZJrunrfef/ee;  Cuba;  S.Am.) 

3.  CYPSELEA,  Turp.  (Kni/'eA?;,  a  bee-hive,  which  in  form  the  capsules 
resemble.)  —  Ann.  Mus.  Paris,  vii  (1806),  219,  t.  12;  Fenzl,  Ann.  Wien.  Mus. 
i.  351,  ii.  293  ;  Benth.  &,  Hook.  1.  c.  856.  Radiana,  Raf.  Speech,  i.  88.  —  Incon- 
spicuous prostrate  W.  Indian  monotype,  small  in  all  parts. 

C.  humiflisa,  Turp.  1.  c.  Prostrate  matted  much  branched  stems  from  a  long  perpendicu- 
lar annual  or  perhaps  more  enduring  root :  leaves  opposite,  those  of  each  pair  very  unequal, 
the  axil  of  the  smaller  one  l)earing  a  fascicle  of  crowded  leaves  and  a  pedicellate  flower; 
leaf-blade  elliptical,  obtuse  or  rounded,  1|  to  3  lines  in  length;  petiole  slender,  nearly  as 
long,  with  a  membranous  bicaudate  or  somewhat  fimbriate  stipular  expansion  at  the  base: 
calyx-lobes  5  :  stamens  (I  to)  3,  inserted  opposite  the  .sinuses.  —  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  353  ;  Griseb. 
Fl.  W.  Ind.  56.  —  Sandy  pine  barrens  near  the  coast  of  S.  &  W.  Florida,  Blodgett,  Rugel, 


Sesuvium.  KKOI  DK.K.  25'J 

perhaps  not  iudigenoua;  also  Central  California  (wliorc  certainly  intnxlurctl),  on  and  near 
the  coast,  Sta.  Cruz,  J'niri/ .-  bunks  and  niarslies  <»f  San  Jiiii<|uin  Kivcr,  t'unijdon,' Michtnrr 
&.  liiolttti.     (W.  Ind.  ou  Cuba,  St.  Doiuingo,  Virgin  Ids.,  &c.) 

4.  TRIANTHEMA,  Sauv.  ('!>:?,  three,  and  ai'^e/xor,  flower,  from  the 
often  teriKite  nature  of  the  inflorescence.) — <le  Sauva','i's.  Metli.  Fol.  127;  L. 
Spec.  i.  22^;  Ik-nth.  &  Hook.  (Jen.  i.  8'>.'>. —  A  small  genus  of  prostrate  herbs 
or  undershrubs,  tropical  and  subtropical,  chiefly  of  Asia,  Africa,  and  Australia, 
the  only  American  species  being 

T.  Porttllacastrum,  L.  Diffusely  and  dichotouiuusly  briin.-bcl  bcrb.  somr-wli:it  snccu- 
K-nt ;  protunibcnt  or  |)r<istrati;  brandies  terete,  smooth  or  jiapillose  jiui.erulent.  C  in(  lien  to 
3  feet  in  lengtli :  leaves  opposite,  obovate  to  suborbicular,  entire  or  nearly  ho,  half  incli  to 
indi  long,  olituse,  roundetl,  niuironate,  or  retuse  at  the  apex,  usually  cuneate  at  the  l)aiM; ; 
the  leaves  of  each  pair  une(iual  ;  jK-tioles  dilated  near  the  ba.>*e  into  bidentate  slipular  exp.an- 
sions,  connate  al)out  tiie  stem,  the  sheath,  thus  formed,  bearing  an  intermediate  tcMitii  on 
each  side:  Howers  small,  closely  sessile  in  the  forks  of  tlie  liranches,  purplish  within  :  sepals 
ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  withering  to  a  sort  of  rostrum  upon  the  broad  obliipie  summit 
of  the  circumscissile  few-seeded  capsule;  style  single;  ovary  at  length  partially  divide<l  into 
two  superposed  cells.  —  Spec.  i.  22.'{  (Poilulitni  Cunissaviai  jirocHinhiUH,  Herni.  I'arad.  Hat. 
213,  t.  213)  ;  Hook.  f.  &  Jackson,  Index  Kew.  ii.  1101.  T.  moniM/i/na,  L.  Mant.  69;  Lam.  III. 
ii.  496,  t.  375,  f.  1  ;  Gray,  I'l.  Wriglit.  i.  15,  ii.  20;  P.iyer,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  acr.  3,  xviii  241. 
t.  12;  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  607.  —  Forming  mats  on  shores,  in  saline  jdaces,  or  in  rich  garden 
soil;  Keys  of  Florida  to  Arizona,  and  not  infre<iuent  on  baljjist  in  tlie  Middle  Atlantic 
States.  (Mex.,  Lower  Calif.,  W.  Ind.,  and  widelv  distributed  in  the  warmer  parts  of  the 
Old  World.) 

5.  SEStrVIUM,  L.  Ska  Purslane.  (Etymology  unknown.)  — Syst. 
Nat.  ed.  10.  10.')8,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  G84 ;  Jacq.  Stirp.  Am.  t.  O.'j  ;  Gray.  Gen.  111. 
i.  22'J.  t.  100;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  855.  St'suvium  &.  Pyxlpoma,  Fenzl, 
Ann.  Wien.  Mus.  ii.  292,  21)3.  —  A  small  but  widely  distributed  genus  of  Heshv 
prostrate  or  sub-erect  mostly  maritime  herbs  or  underslirui»s  with  axillary  purplish 
apetalous  flowers. 

♦  Stamens  many,  indefinite. 
S.  Portulacastrum,  L.  11.  cc.  Stems  numerous,  long,  spreading,  decumbent,  often  nxiting 
at  the  lower  nodes,  (piite  smooth  or  slightly  verruco.se:  leaves  linear-oldt>ng  t<)  sjiatulate, 
mostly  acutish,  1  to  2  inches  in  length :  flowers  4  or  5  lines  long,  usually  on  peduncles  of 
nearly  or  quite  their  own  length:  sepals  narrowly  oblong,  horned  on  the  back  near  the 
apex.  —  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  4IJ3  ;  Cli.ipm.  Fl.  44.  S.  pediinruiatnm,  I'ers.  Syn.  ii.  39.  Portiilara 
Portiilacaslnim,  L.  Spec.  i.  446  (Herm.  I'arad.  Bat.  t.  112;  Pluk.  Aim.  t.  216,  L  ]). —  Sea- 
he-iches  and  sandy  b.inks  near  the  coast,  N.  Carolina,  M.  A.  Curtis;  Florida.  (\V.  Ind.. 
Bermuda,  most  tropics,  Cliina.) 

S.  sessile,  I'khs.  More  erect  and  busliy,  never  rooting  from  the  nodes,  copiously  .ind  dichot- 
oinously  branched  :  stems  smooth  or  very  often  liuely  verrutose  with  crystalline  glolmles  a» 
in  MiSfinliri/iinl/ii'iiiiim:  leaves  shorter  and  mostly  t)roader  and  more  obtuse  than  in  the 
preceding  species,  oblanceol.ite  or  obov.ite-oblong :  flowers  subsessile,  2  to  3  lines  in  length  : 
sepals  rather  bro.adly  ovate-oblong,  dorsally  cornute  near  the  a|)ex.  —  Syn.  ii.  39.  5.  Puttu- 
larastritm,  DC.  PI.  (Inuss.  t.  9;  Torr.  in  Fmory.  Hep.  137,  &  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  38 ;  Coulter, 
Man.  Rocky  Mt.  Heg.  112;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  239;  not  L.  5.  Pnrtnhirastnim,  var.  luhsfs. 
sile,  Gray  (PI.  Wright,  i.  13,  ii  19)  in  W.its.  Bild.  Index.  411,  pn.bably  not  of  CnmlK'*s.  in 
St.  Ilil.  Fl.  IJras.  Merid.  ii.  200,  which,  being  the  much  snialler-Howen-d  .<.  jxiri-iflonim.  DC, 
of  S.  Am.,  is  presumably  a  distin<t  species.  —  Beadies,  river  banks,  and  sterile  saline  plain*, 
coa.st  of  Texas,  to  S.  Kan.s.is,  Curletim,  and  Colorado,  i'rmulall :  N.  W.  Nevada,  /.f-mmim,  aixl 
California  from  the  v.illey  of  the  San  .Toaquin  near  Stockton,  ./(/..so/i,  soutliward.  (I^iwer 
CaliL,  Orcutt ;  Northern  .Mex. ;  S.  Braxil.)     A  plant  of  too  distinct  habit  and  range,  at  least 


260  FICOIDE^E.  Sesuvium. 

as  to  its  N.  American  occurrence,  to  be  satisfactorily  classed  as  a  variety  of  the  preceding, 
especially  in  the  at)sence  of  more  evident  intergradation.  An  extreme  form  with  stem, 
leaves,  aud  sepals  densely  vesicular-verrucose  in  the  manner  of  Mesembrijuuthemum  lias 
been  collected  in  the  sink  of  the  Mojave  by  Parish  Bros.  A  tendency  toward  this  character 
is,  however,  manifested  by  specimens  from  other  regions. 

*  *  Stamens  5,  alternate  with  the  sepals. 
S.  pentandrum,  Kll-  Procumbent  or  ascending,  much  branched:  leaves  obovate  to 
ellijitic-spatiilate,  rounded  at  the  apex,  entire,  cuneate  at  tiie  base:  flowers  rather  small, 
cliisclv  sessile:  calyx  2|  to  3^  lines  long,  5-parted  to  below  the  middle;  segments  ovate- 
oblong,  obtuse  but  ratlier  sharply  cornute  dorsally  just  below  the  apex.  —  Sk.  i.  556 ;  Fenzl, 
Ann.  Wien.  Mus.  i.  347  (later  and  inde{)endent  publication  of  same  species  and,  by  curious 
coincidence,  under  same  name) ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  230;  Chapm.  Fl.  44.  S.  Portidaca strum, 
Mulil.  Cat.  49 ;  (iray,  Man.  eds.  2-5  ;  not  L.  S.  sessile,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  306  ;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  & 
Midd.  States,  478 ;  not  I'ers.  .S'  inaritiwum,  Britt.  Sterns  &  Poggeiib.  Prel.  Cat.  N.  Y.  20. 
Pkdrimceum  maritimuin,  Walt.  Car.  117.     Molliiffo  maritlma,  Seringe  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  393. 

—  Sea-beaches  and  low  sandy  banks  near  coast,  Loug  Island  to  Florida  and  Louisiana, 
common;  fl.  midsummer  to  late  autumn.     (Cuba.) 

6.  TETRAGONIA,  L.  (Terpaywi/os,  four-coruered,  in  allusion  to  the 
form  of  the  calyx-covered  fruit ;  the  name  TcTpaywi/iu  was  used  by  Theophrastus 
for  Euonymus  EaropcBus,  L.)  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  406 ;  Fenzl,  Ann. 
Wien.  Mus.  ii.  287 ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  854.  Tetragonocarpus,  Comnielyn, 
Amstel.  ii.  t.  102,  103.  Demidovia,  Pall.  Demid.  t.  1.  TeAragonella,  Miq.  in 
Lehm.  PI.  Preiss.  i.  245.  —  Fleshy  herbs  and  undershrubs,  chiefly  S.  African 
and  of  littoral  habitat.  A  single  species,  with  alternate  leaves,  tends  to  escape 
from  cultivation  in  N.  America. 

T.  expAnsa,  Murr.  (New  Zealand  Spinach.)  Succulent  annual  with  numerous  spreading 
or  procumbent  branches,  more  or  less  thickly  covered  with  crystalline  papulae :  leaves  ovate, 
entire  or  merely  undulate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  1  to  2\  inches  long,  abruptly  contracted  at  the 
base  to  a  broad  cuneately  winged  petiole :  subsessile  flowers  .solitary  in  the  axils,  small, 
yellowish  green :  limb  of  the  gamophyllous  4-lobed  calyx  widely  spreading :  styles  5  to  9  ; 
cells  of  the  ovary  as  many,  1-ovuled:  fruit  a  cartilaginous  somewhat  compressed  4(-6)- 
horned  nut,  closely  invested  by  the  calyx  and  becoming  4  to  6  lines  in  diameter.  —  Comm. 
Gutting,  vi.  13;  DC.  PI.  Grass,  t.  114;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2362;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  240. 

—  In  old  fields  about  Manatee,  Florida,  Garber,  and  on  the  beaches  of  the  Central  Califor- 
uian  coast;  doubtless  escaped  from  gardens  where  sometimes  cultivated  as  a  salail  plant. 
(Introd.  from  China,  Japan,  New  Zealand.)  For  historical  note  on  garden  use,  see  Sturte- 
vant.  Am.  Nat.  xxiv.  32. 

7.  MESEMBRYANTHEMUM,  Dill.  (Arbitrarily  altered  from  the 
earlier  Mesembrianthemum,  a  name  first  used  by  Jakob  Breyne  and  clearly 
derived  from  ^€crr]ii(3pta,  mid-day,  and  avO^ixov,  flower.  In  its  later  form  the  first 
part  of  the  word  is  derived  by  Linnaeus,  in  his  Philos.  Bot.  177,  from  ytteVos, 
middle,  and  ifi/ipvwv,  embryo,  without  very  obvious  application.)  —  Nov.  Gen. 
148,  &  Elth.  t.  179-215;  L.  Gen.  no.  453;  Haworth,  Obs.  Mesemb. ;  Salm- 
Dyck,  Monog.  Gen.  Aloes  et  Mesembryanthemi ;  Sonder,  Fl.  Cap.  ii.  387.  —  A 
large  genus  of  low  and  mostly  very  succulent  herbs  and  shrubs,  chiefly  African, 
much  cultivated  both  for  their  showy  many-petalled  flowers  and  their  grotesque 
Aloe-l'ike  foliage.  Three  species  of  wide  distribution  and  probably  introduced 
without  the  agency  of  man  have  become  established  in  the  mild  and  equable 
climate  of  Central  and  Southern  California.  It  seems  best  to  adopt  the  Linntean 
orthography  in  the  generic  name  notwithstanding  its  strained  etymology. 


Mesemhrijanthemum.  FR'(  )1 1  )K.E. 


201 


§  1.  P.viTi.usA,  SoiidiT,  1.  c.  Surface  of  stciii  aii.l  l.-avcs  covrn-.l  with 
colorless  .sliiiiiiij,r  i)ai)ula' :  our  species  sprea.ling  auiiuaU,  liraiM-he.i  fn.n,  tl„_-  base, 
and  with  leaves  alternate  or  scattered. 

»  Lt-avcs  linear,  Kcmitercte. 
M.  nodiflorum,  L.  Snhorcct  or  procumbent,  matted,  covero.l  witli  fine  papilla- :  leaves 
half  inch  to  iml.  in  lenfjtli.  a  lino  iu  breadth,  oi)tuse:  Hower.M  Hcatlered.  small,  Kiilm.-HMil.-  „r 
shortly  pedunculate  ;  4-5-cleft  calyx  considerably  excee<lin>,'  the  minute  whit.-  i>etals  :  valvei* 
of  the  <apsule  r>,  acut.-,  not  uncinate,  stellately  spreading  when  moist.  —Spec.  i.  4S0  •  DC 
I'l.  Grxss.  t.  88;  I'arish.  Zoe,  i.  203.  J/.  r„,.ticum,  L.  1.  c.  ed.  2,  i.  C8H  ;  ,Iac.,.  Hort.  Vi'ndoh 
III.  t.  6.  J/,  apelidnm,  L.  f.  Suppl.  258.  — Sandy  hills  on  S.  Californian  coitst.  San  Diego  Co 
Clivelaud,  Onult;  San  Cleniente  Is!.,  Li/on  &  Necin,  and  Sta.  Catalina  Isl.,  liratuhqee] 
locally  abundant  although,  as  Mr.  I'arish  states,  our  most  restricted  species.  (S.  Afr  and 
Mediterranean  Uegion.) 

♦  *  Leaves  flat,  with  more  or  le.'^s  expanded  lamina. 
M  Crystallinum,  L.  (Kk  Plant.)  Very  succulent,  prostrate,  forming  mat.:  papula 
large  and  c.iisi.uiu.us :  leaves  ovate  to  obovate  or  bro;i<lly  spatulate,  amplexicaiil,  the  lowest 
witli  a  cordate  or  subcordate  petiolate  base:  flowers  axillarv.  sub..*e.-*.sile  or  borlie  on  short 
thick  erect  peduncles:  campanulate  calyx  4  to  6  lines  in  length  and  about  as  broad  :  petals 
piiik  or  purplish  red,  varying  to  white:  carpels  5;  valves  of  the  retu.«e  capsule  a.s  man  v. 
dorsally  concave,  micinately  incurveti,  hygroscopic,  being  opcne<l  by  moisture  and  clo.sed  in 
drought;  nigrescent  epicarp  separating  from  the  .stramineous  more  cartilaginous  end.K-arp 
—  Spec.  I.  480  (Dill  Kith.  t.  180,  f.  221);  DC.  I'l  Gnvss.  t.  128;  Sibth.  Fl  V.rxc  v.  t  481- 
Parish,  1.  c.  262. -In  sandy  soil,  cjast  of  California  and  adjacent  islan.ls  (where  especially 
abundant  and  luxuriant),  from  Sta.  Barbara  southward,  also  in  .Mojave  De.sert.  Mrs.  firande. 
ffic,  Jid,-  Parish  ;  first  collected  in  California  by  Fremont.  (Lower  Calif,  an'd  adj.  islands 
Greece,  N.  Afr.,  Canary  Ids.,  S.  Afr.)  I-irst  recognized  as  indigenous  on  the  Californian 
islands  by  Prof.  Greene. 

M.  coRniFur.i.M,  L.  f.  (Suppl.  260),  a  related  red-flowered  species  with  even  the  upper 
leaves  petiolate  and  cordate,  is  reported  by  K.  Brandegee  (Zoe  ii.  332),  as  an  escape  about  San 
Francisco.     (S.  Afr.) 

§  2.  Epapulosa,  Sonder,  1.  c.  389.  Stem  and  foliage  smooth  :  our  species 
perennial  with  opposite  thick  dorsally  carinate  leaves. 

M.  sequilaterale,   IIa worth.     Very  fleshy:  stems  elongating  and  forming  large  mats: 

leaves  2  inches  or  more  in  length,  oldong.  acute,  tri(juetroiis  prismatic,  thicker  than  broad  : 

flowers  large,  terminal,  shortly  j)eiluiiculate,  fragrant,  1}  to  2  inches  in  diameter:  sprea.iing 

lobes  of  the  calyx  very  uneipial  :  petals  roseate:  styles  6  (or  more) :  fruit  edible.— Mi.««c. 

Nat.  77,  &  Syn.  PI.  Sue.  237 ;  Salm-Dyck,  1.  c.  fji.sc.  L  §  19.  f.  1 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif. 

i.  251  ;  Parish,  1.  c.  261.     M.  dimidiatum,  Torr.   Pacif.   H.   Kep.  iv.  75;  Newberrv.  ihid.  vi. 

67;  not  Ilaw.  — Sand  dunes  and  sterile  cliffs,  Calift>rnia.  on  and  near  the  coast  from  Point 

Reyes,  Bifjihw,  southward.     (Lower  Calif.,  Chili,  Au.-^tralia,  Tjusmania  ) 

A  .-slender  erect-branched  purplish-flowered  species,  probably  the  S.  African   M.  STfexiM, 

Ilaw.  (not  the  -scarlet-flowered  .lA.  <;„rineum.  Haw.,  as  at  first  determinetl),  was  in  1878  collectc.f 

at  Point  Conception,  near  Sta.  Barbara,  Calif.,  by  Minx  P!„mmn\  wher.-.  :i.»  h  garden-escap<'.  it 

ha<l  become  temporarily  establisheil.     However,  ace.  to  Parish,  I.  c,  it  h:i.s  already  di.-<ip|H'are«l 

from  this  its  only  known  N.  American  locality. 


262  PORTULACACE.E. 


Order  XX.     PORTULACACEiE. 

By  a.  Gray  ;  the  genera  Letcisia,  Calandrinia,  Claytonia,  and  Montia  revised  by 
B.  L.  Robinson.^ 

More  or  less  succulent  herbs,  rarely  frutescent,  with  entire  leaves,  hermaphro- 
dite and  regular  but  mostly  anisomerous  flowers,  calyx  aud  corolla  imbricated  in 
the  bud  ;  distinguished,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  by  hypogynous  insertion, 
disepalous  calyx  not  isomerous  with  corolla,  one-celled  2-8-merous  ovary  with 
free  central  or  basilar  placenta;,  2  to  8  introrse  stigmas  or  style-branches,  few  or 
many  amphitropous  ovules,  and  seeds  with  a  cylindrical  embryo  curved  or  coiled 
in  or  around  mealy  albumen,  the  narrow  cotyledons  usually  incumbent  (but  not 
rarely  accumbent  or  oblique  in  the  same  genus).  Stamens  various  in  number, 
opposite  the  petals  when  of  the  same  number,  commonly  adnate  to  their  base. 
No  hypogynous  disk.  No  proper  stipules.  The  main  exceptions  are  tlie  half 
superior  calyx  of  Portulaca,  the  larger  number  of  sepals  in  Lewisia,  and  the 
reduced  number  of  petals  in  Calyptridium,  &c.  Corolla  often  slightly  gamopet- 
alous.  Authesis  commonly  ephemeral,  the  withering  or  colliquescent  remains 
of  corolla  borne  for  some  time  on  the  ovary  or  capsule. 

*   Lower  half  or  more  of  ovary  and  capsule  adnate  to  calyx-tube  ;  upper  part  in  fruit  with 
the  two  calyx-lobes  circumscissile  ;  embryo  peripheric. 

1.  PORTULACA.  Petals  4  to  6  and  with  the  more  numerous  (8  to  30)  stamens  inserted 
just  wliere  the  calyx  becomes  free,  ephemeral.  Style-branches  3  to  8,  filiform,  introrsely 
stigmatose  their  whole  length.     Ovules  and  seeds  numerous,  slender-stalked,  round-reniform. 

*   *   Calyx,  corolla,  and  ovary  free  (hypogynous). 
-J—   Shrubby :   seeds  obovate-oblong,  somewhat  hook-shaped  ;   embryo  moderately  curved  in 
scanty  albumen. 

2.  TALINOPSIS.  Sepals  2,  ovate,  when  dried  chartaceo-scarious  and  nervose,  persistent. 
Petals  5,  oval,  soon  colliquescent.  Stamens  about  20,  five  at  base  of  each  petal ;  anthers 
oval.  Introrse  stigmas  or  style-branches  3,  oblong,  shorter  than  the  style ;  ovules  and 
marginless  seeds  numerous ;  capsule  fusiform-oblong,  acuminate  ;  the  coriaceous  epicarp 
3-valved  from  apex;  chartaceous endocarp  6-valved  and  filiform  sutures  often  separable  from 
the  valves.    No  bracts.    Leaves  opposite. 

-1—  -t—  Herbaceous :    seeds  reniform,   hippocrepiform,   or  lenticular ;    embryo  peripheric 
around  the  central  albumen. 

++   Calyx  2-sepalous,  herbaceous,  deciduous,  sometimes  tardily  so. 

3.  TALINUM.  Petals  5,  or  sometimes  6  to  10,  ephemeral.  Stamens  .5  to  30.  Stigmas  or 
short  lol)es  of  columnar  style  3.  Capsule  globose  or  ovoid,  3-valved  from  top  to  bottom, 
mauy-seeded ;  seeds  smooth  and  shining. 

++  ++  Calyx  herbaceous  (at  least  in  part)  and  persistent. 
^  Style-branches  3  to  8  :  capsule  circumscissile  near  the  base,  thence  splitting  upwards 
into  short  irregular  lobes. 

1  In  1887  Dr.  Gray  (Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  272-28.'))  published  a  preliminary  revision  of  the  N.  Am. 
Portulacacem.  His  manuscript  notes,  however,  indicate  that  he  was  not  satisfied  with  the  treatment 
of  Odiindrinia  and  its  allies,  and  that  he  contemplated  a  further  revision  before  publication.  On  this 
account  the  editor  has  felt  somewhat  i^reater  liberty  in  recasting  this  portion  of  the  order.  Although 
the  limits  of  the  four  genera  above  mentioned  have  been  considerably  modified  in  the  light  of  recent 
publications  and  some  new  material,  Dr.  Gray's  specific  descriptions  have  been  kept  wherever  possible. 


Porlulaca.  I'OK 'n'LACACK.E.  263 

4.  LEWISIA.  Sepals  2  to  8.  often  glandular-denticulate.  Petalu  .3  to  16.  Anthorn  obloujf 
to  linear.  Style-brain  lies  .'J  to  8,  .slender.  CapKulc  giolxwt-ovate,  tliiu-cluirtaceom. ;  weds 
several  to  niany,  lenticular,  nio.Htly  Minooth  and  nhining. 

=  .==  Stylo-braucliefl  3  :  cajwule  3-viilved  from  the  apex  :  hopalu  2. 

5.  CALANDRINIA.  Petals  3  to  7.  Stamcnu  (rarely  3)  5  to  12.  wldoin  of  the  naina 
nunil.ir  a.-;  tlie  petals.  SeecLs  usually  numerous,  small,  Mack,  finely  fjninulated.  Fle»hv 
spreailini,'  aiiiiu.ils  with  alternate  leaves. 

6.  CLAYTONIA.  I'etal.-i  defmitely  .'i,  free,  equal,  con.ipicuuus.  Stamens  as  manv.  (»vule« 
few,  al.Mut  G.  Seeds  dark  and  shining.  Perennials  from  thick  roots  or  conns.'  Cauliue 
leaves  ojipijsite. 

7.  MONTIA.  Petals  5  or  fewer,  usually  .somewhat  unecjual,  and  sometimes  mor*  or  1pm 
coherent  or  connate  at  the  base.  Stamens  3  to  5.  Ovules  very  few,  niostlv  3.  Seeds  2  or  3. 
==  =  ==  Gyna-cium  dimerous,  i.  e.  sti^ina-s  and  valves  only  2 :  sepals  orbiculate,  whidiv 

or  partly  siarious  and  accrescent,  mostly  plane  and  as  it  were  bivalvular  in  fruit :  lejives 
all  alternate  :  capsule  membranaceous  ;  seeds  reniform-lenticular,  not  strophiolate :  anthesis 
epliemeral :  inflorescence  usually  secund. 

8.  SPRAGUEA.  Sepals  wholly  scarious  (or  with  mere  greenish  centre),  emarginale  at 
apex  and  base,  equal.  Petals  4,  obovate.  Stamens  3,  twice  the  length  of  the  j)eUils;  fila- 
ments filiform  ;  anthers  linear-oblong.  Style  very  long,  filiform  ;  stigma  2  lobed.  Capsule 
globose-ovate,  few-seeded. 

9.  CALYPTRIDIUM.  Sej>als  .scarious-margincd  or  largely  scarions,  usuallv  iine<|nal. 
Petals  2  to  4,  small  (distinct),  obovate.  Stamens  I,  2,  or  3.  shorter  than  the  jK-tals  ;  fila- 
ments subulate  ;  anthers  oval  or  oblong.  Stvle  short  or  hnnilvanv;  stignnus  2  fa'psule 
linear  t.)  oval,  G-24-secil.'(l. 

1.  PORTULACA.  Tourn.  Pikslank.  (Latin  name  of  Pur.<;Iane,  of 
uncertain  derivation.)  — Low  herbs,  flesliy,  with  h'lives  alternate  or  partly  oppo- 
site, and  stipules  scarious  or  none,  or  reduced  to  hairy  tufts  ;  the  flowers  terminal 
and  sessile,  expanding  in  direct  sun.'^hiiie  before  mid-day,  .soon  closing,  and  the 
petals  by  evening  colliquescent.  Pyxis  membranaceous  to  coriaceous.  —  Inst. 
236,  t.  118  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  341  ;  Gray,  Gen.  III.  i.  t.  Ol).' 

♦   Leaves  flat,  naked  in  the  axils  or  very  nearly  .so:  very  glabrous  animals. 
■i—  Stems  terete  :  calyx-lobes  dorsally  carinate  :  no  calycine  border  around  the  month  of  the 
persistent   part  of   the   dehiscent  capsule;   lid  high-conical   and  with  acute  tip:  p«-tal8 
yellow,  emarginate. 

P.  oleracea,  L.  (Common  PtnsLAKE.)  Mostly  prostrate:  leaves  cuneate-  or  spatulate- 
obovate,  with  very  obtuse  or  nearly  truncate  apex:  calyx-lolics  ovate,  in  bud  ."omewhat 
pointed  l>y  the  ])rnjecting  keel :  stamens  7  to  12  :  style-lobes  5  or  6:  .seeds  black,  obtuselv 
granulate.  —  Spec.  i.  445;  Kngelm.  in  (Jray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2.  l.'J4  ;  (iray.  1.  c.  —  Common  in 
cult,  grounds  around  dwellings,  ami,  as  is  thought,  indigenous  on  the  plains  of  Arkan.<i.s 
Texas,  and  westward.     (Cosmoj)olite.) 

P.  retlisa,  Enoelm.  Ascending,  greener:  leaves  .somewhat  more  cnneate,  often  retu.se: 
calyx  lobes  in  bud  obtuse,  strongly  carinate:  jietals  small  or  minute:  stamens  7  to  19:  st\le- 
lobes  3  or  4  and  shorter:  .seeds  larger  and  echinate-tulK'rculate.  —  Kngelm.  in  (Jrav.  PI. 
Lindh.  pt.  2,  l.'>4,&  PI.  Wright,  i.  13;  Hrew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  74.  —  Plains  of  Texas 
and  Arkansas  to  Arizona  ^  and  to  the  Colorado. 

-t-  Stem  angled:   petals  acuti.sh  or  pointed:   calyx-lobes  ol>scurely  carinate:  a  wingliko 
iMirder  around  orifice  of  dehiscent  capsule;  lid  dej)re!*.sed-conic.il. 
P.  lanceoldta,   Engklm.  1.  c.     Erect  or  ascending :   lower  leaves  spatnl.ite  and  obtuse ; 
upi)er  oblanceolate  or  narrower,  sometimes  acute:  petals  spatulate  or  oliovntc,  yellow  or 

1  Add  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  274. 

2  S.  \V.  Colorado,  ace.  to  Coulter.  Man.  Hocky  Mt.  Rofj.  37;  also  roportcil  from  KanNU.  Iowa,  and 
Minnesota,  but  perhaps  confu.sed  with  the  preceding  nearly  related  ^pecie.'>. 


264  PORTULACACE.E.  Portulaca. 

orauge  and  partly  red  :  stamens  7  to  27  :  style-lobes  3  to  6  :  capsule  turbinate,  winged  with 
a  circular  riui  left  by  circumscissiou  of  the  calyx  above  the  aduate  portion ;  seeds  rough- 
tuherculate,  cinereous.  —  Granitic  region  of  W.  Texas.i  Liiidheimer,  &c.,  to  New  Mexico  and 
Arizona,'-  Wright,  Greene,  Rothrock.  "Said  not  to  be  eaten  by  sw'iue, "  Reverchon.  (The 
Cuban  plant,  coll.  Wriyld,  referred  to  tliis  on  account  of  the  capsule,  has  bearded  axils,  and 
is  distinct,  being  probably  P.  oleracea,  var.  minor,  Griseb.) 

*   *   Leaves  terete  or  nearly  so,  subulate-lanceolate  to  linear,  hairy  in  their  axils,  otherwise 
glabrous  :  calyx-lobes  not  carinate. 

P.  stelliformis,  MociSo  &  Sesse.  Perennial  by  creeping  tuberou.s-thickened  and  some- 
times inoniliforni  rootstoeks  :  stems  erect  or  ascending,  a  span  to  a  foot  high  :  leaves  quite 
terete,  slender,  mostly  inch  long,  those  involucrating  the  flowers  in  a  radiating  cluster  much 
surpassing  them :  axillary  clusters  of  hairs  short  and  soft :  petals  copper-  or  buff-colored, 
obcordate  or  emarginate,  quarter  inch  or  more  long  :  seeds  blackish,  grauulate-tuberculate, 
with  metallic  lustre.  —  Moc.  &  Sesse  ace.  to  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  353,  under  P.foUosa,  and  repre- 
sented in  Caiques  des  Dess.  t.  389.  "  P.  foliosa,  Lindl.  Mexicana,"  A.  DC.  Caiques  des 
Dess.  3  &  6.  P.  pilosa,  Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  13,  in  part;  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  20 
(\a.T.  erecta) ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  417,  with  doubt,  the  tuberous  roots  indicated. 
P.  suffrutescens,  Engelm.  13ot.  Gaz.  vi.  236,  but  is  not  suffrutescent.  —  Plains  of  W.  Texas  to 
Arizona,  Wright, &c.     (Mex.,  Lower  Calif.) 

P.  halimoides,  L.  Mostly  perennial,  fleshy-rooted,  erect  or  diffuse,  corymbosely  branched  : 
leaves  sliort,  moderately  flattened,  half  inch  or  less  long,  uppermost  well  involucrating  the 
flower-clusters  :  hair  copious  :  petals  yellow  :  capsule-lid  depressed,  much  shorter  than  the 
basal  portion  ;  seeds  granulose,  reddish,  at  least  when  young.  —  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  639  (Sloane, 
Jam.  t.  129,  f.  3);  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  354;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  57.  — Keys  of  Florida,  Blodgett, 
Garber,  Curtiss.     (W.  Ind.) 

P.  pilosa,  L.  Annual,  sometimes  indurating  in  age,'*  ascending  or  spreading :  leaves  nearly 
terete,  linear-subulate,  half  or  quarter  inch  long,  either  much  or  little  surpassing  the  copious 
axillary  hair  :  petals  from  carmine  to  crimson  or  purple,  a  line  or  two  long,  retuse  :  capsule- 
lid  hemispherical ;  seeds  blackish  and  with  metallic  lustre,  muriculate-granulose.  —  Spec.  i. 
445  (Coram.  Ilort.  t.  5 ;  Pluk.  Aim.  t.  247,  f.  7,  &c.)  ;  Bot.  Keg.  t.  792  ;  Griseb.  1.  c.  --  Sandy 
open  ground,  Florida  and  Texas  to  Arizona,*  and  a  few  places  in  California,  where  probably 
introduced.     (All  Trop.  Am.,  &c.) 

P.  parvula,  Gray.  Annual,  or  becoming  fleshy-rooted,  depressed  and  diffuse :  leaves 
nearly  terete,  oblong-linear,  obtuse,  2  to  5  lines  long,  with  copiously  hairy  axils :  petals 
yellow  and  copper-colored,  barely  aline  long :  lid  liigh-liemispherical,  fully  as  long  as  basal 
part  of  capsule ;  seeds  pale  red,  minutely  granulate.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  274.  P.  pilosa. 
Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  14,  &  PI.  Wright,  i.  13,  in  part;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  329,  in  part, 
&c.  —  Plains  of  W.  Texas  and  New  Mexico,  Fendler,  Wright.  (Mex.,*  Schaffner,  772, 
Pringle,  543,  &c.) 
P.  grandifl(3ra.  Hook.,  of  Extra-tropical  S.  America,  related  to  P.  pilosa,  is  the  showy 

Portulaca  of  ornamental  cultivation.     It  tends  to  become  spontaneous  in  the  S.  Atlantic  States. 

2.  TALINOPSIS,  Gray.  (Likeness  to  Talinum,  which  is  not  close.)  — 
PI.  Wright,  i.  14,  t.  3  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  157,  where  "  sepala  3  "  is  a 
misprint.  —  Single  species. 

1  P.  coronata,  Small  (Bull.  Terr.  Club,  xxiii.  126),  from  Stone  Mt.,  Georgia,  if  distinct,  is  a  very 
closely  related  species.  Although  Dr.  Small  has  kindly  furnished  excellent  alcoholic  material  of  tlie 
Georgia  plant,  it  has  been  impossible  as  yet  to  find  satisfactory-  distinctions  between  it  and  the  Te.xan 
species.     Perhaps  these  may  appear  when  better  material  of  the  latter  can  be  obtained. 

2  Also  Lower  Calif.,  Brandegee. 

8  Specimens  with  distinctly  perennial  roots  have  been  collected  at  Eustis,  Fla.,  Xash,  which,  while 
resemi>ling  P.  halimoides  \n  habit,  have  the  capsule  of  P.  pilosa. 

•*  Northward  to  Greene  Co.,  Missouri,  Blanhinship,  S.  Kansas,  Carhton,  and  the  canon  of  the 
Arkansas  in  Colorado,  ace.  to  Miss  Eastwood,  Zne.  ii.  228. 

5  Also  reported  by  Brandegee,  from  Lower  Calif. 


Talinum.  I'OKTLLACACE.K.  205 

T.  frutescens,  Guvv,  l.  »•.  15.  A  f<><.t  <tr  ho  liif^h,  w<mkIv  to  tin-  n-|M-at<-<lly  iliilnnoiiiuuii 
lymcs:  tlowurs  .scs.sik-  in  the  forks  :  Iciivc.x  verv  Hi-sliy,  nliurl  liiii-jir,  iiritc,  tin-  paint  upproxi- 
mate,  alrto  fiusiirli-il  in  axil.s:  lomlla  |iur|)lf.  eplifnu-ral :  lapwulc  lialf  indi  i.r  nion;  long, 
twice  tlif  len;(lli  <«f  the  calvx.  —  Mountain  vallevH,  near  \'.\  I'xho  ami  adjacent  N«'W  Mexiro, 
Wriylit.     (Adj.  Mtx.,  /'riw/le,  to  San  Lui«  l'ot<Jsi,  I'arry  &.  I'almtr,  Sr/mj/her.) 

3.  TALINUM,  Adans.  (Etymology  obscure.)  —  Chiefly  tropiral  ami 
American  herbs,  the  only  species  of  temperate  regions  North  American,  usually 
tuberous-rooted.  —  Fam.  ii.  245,  excl.  spec. ;  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  3.>G ;  Fen/1,  Ann. 
Wien.  Mus.  ii.  296;  Gniy,  Gen.  111.  i.  22.3,  t.  98;  Benth.  &  Hook.  1.  c.» 

»  Leaves  plane,  niodemtely  fleshy:  flowers  in  loose  cymes  forminj^  lonj;  ami  naked  pauielei«. 
T.  patens,  U'ii-lh.  Ileri)aeeous  or  fleshy-snffrutescent  at  l»:ise  from  a  tulxrous  root,  unu- 
ally  tall  and  ereet  or  iiscending:  leaves  oliovate  or  spatulate,  varying  to  ol.lanreolate,  iu»me- 
what  petiolate,  2  to  4  inches  long  :  pedicels  rtliform  :  sepals  early  deciduous  :  petals  either 
rose-color  or  yellow,  a  line  or  two  long  :  stamens  numerous:  seeds  brown  or  hlack.  —  Spec, 
ii.  863  ;  DC.  1.  c.  ."557  ;  Rohri).  in  Mart.  Fl.  Urns.  xiv.  |)t.  2,  290.  t.  67.  The  form  with  r«j(«e- 
colored  corolla  is  Portulncn  ii<inicnl<ita,,]a.(i\.  ICnum.  I'l.  t'arili.  22,  Stirp.  Amer.  148,  &  llort. 
Vind.  ii.  t.  151  (not  L.),  &  T.  jttiuicuhilum,  (Ja-rtn.  Fruct.  ii.  219,  t.  128.  The  yellow-flowered 
form  is  T.  rejiexum,  Cav.  Ic.  i.  1,  t.  1 ;  Sini.s,  Hot.  .Mag.  t.  l.'J43  ;  DC.  1.  c. ;  Gniy,  I'l.  Wright, 
ii.  20 ;  &  T.  spal/tulatum,  p]ngelm.  in  Gray,  I'l.  Wright,  i.  14;  the  latter  pa.tsing  into  \'ar. 
8arment6sum.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  275  ('/'.  sartnentosum,  Engelni.  in  (iray,  I'l. 
Lindh.  pt  2,  153;  Gray,  I'l.  Wright,  i.  14),  which  sends  off  prucumbeut  stems.  —  I'lains  of 
Texas  to  Arizoua.-     (Mex.,  W.  Ind.,  S.  Am.) 

*  #   Leaves  flattish  or  nearly  terete,  fleshy,  lanceolate  to  linear:  flowers  axillary  :  stamens 
numerous. 

T.  lineare,  IIBK.  A  span  tea  foot  or  more  high,  many-stemmed  from  an  oblong  or  napi- 
form  tul)orous  root  (said  to  be  esculent),  a.scending.  loo.sely  branching,  leafy  throughout: 
leaves  from  lanceolate  and  3  inches  long  by  3  lines  wide  to  narrowly  linear  and  subterete 
and  some  only  half  inch  long:  peduncle  longer  than  the  flower,  articulated  .and  2-bracteo- 
late  lielow  the  middle,  I  (cMCUsioually  2-3)-tiowered,  recurved  in  fruit:  sejKils  ovate,  a«'U- 
minate,  3-nerved,  tardily  deciduous  from  the  capsule:  petals  from  light  yellow  to  orange 
and  flame-color,  about  half  inch  long:  seeds  consj)icuously  strophiolate,  sjiliently  pluricos- 
tate.  —  Nov.  Gen.  &.  Spec.  vi.  77,  the  most  narrow-leaved  form.  T.  aitniiitiaruin,  Kngclm. 
1.  c. ;  Gr.ay,  PI.  Wright,  i.  14,  &  ii.  20,  with  var.  uiiiptslissimuiii,  which  passes  intotlie  i>ro.ider- 
leaved  form.  Culanarinin  tuherosa,  Henth.  I'l.  Hartw.  9,  early  state.  —  Kocky  gmund,  W. 
Texa,s  to  Arizona  ;  fl.  summer.     (Mex.) 

T.  brevifolium,  Torr.  Depressed,  an  inch  to  a  span  high  from  a  large  and  deep  liranch- 
ing  perenni.al  root :  leaves  crowded,  short  and  thick,  quarter  to  over  half  inch  long,  narmw- 
spatulate  or  davate,  apparently  suliterete  :  flowers  .solitary  in  upper  axils,  on  very  short 
erect  pedicels  articulaterl  at  b.-i-se:  sepals  -and  glol>ose-ovoid  capsule  barely  2  lines  long,  alniut 
half  the  length  (jf  the  pink-red  petals:  stamens  about  20  :  style  as  long  iis  the  ovary,  3-<left 
at  summit:  seeds  nearly  smooth  and  even,  with  grayish  pellicle.  —  Torr.  in  Sitgreaves,  Zufii 
Rep.  156.  T.  hrachi/pixiiim,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  355.  —  New  Mexico,  on  the  Little 
Colora<lo,  Sitfjreares  ;  near  Indian  Village  of  Laguna  or  Komack,  f^mmnii. 

♦  *    *    Leaves  terete,  linear,  wholly  fleshy  :  flowers  in  termin.al  iHdumulate  and  commonly 
scapose  naked  cymes. 

-t-   Surpassed  by  the  leaves. 

T.  humile,  fiRKEXK.     Aoaule.scent,  a  short  and  slentler  camiex  fmm  a  napiform  orango- 

colored  tuber,  l)earing  at  the  ground  a  dense  cluster  of  ten-te  leaves  (2  or  3  inche.*  long  and 

a  line  or  two  thick)  "  lying  flat  on  the  gnmnd  "  :  scape  barely  inch  long,  rather  shorter  than 

the  twice  or  thrice  dichotomous  5-10-flowered  cyme:  "  jwlals  light  yellow,  ch.iuging  to 

1  Add  (Irny,  Proc.  Am.  .\cftd.  xxii.  275. 

•  AIsoS.  and  Centr.  Florida,  Simpton,  Xntli,  and  I^uisiana.  (AWrW,  where  called  "pink  rtar- 
flowers." 


266  PORTULACACE.E.  Talinum. 

orauge  " :  calyx  promptly  deciduous  from  the  capsule  :  seeds  liueatecostate  in  the  way  of  T. 

lineare.  —  Bot.  Gaz.  vi.  183.  —  Rocky  table-laud  of  I'iuos  Altos  Mountaius,  New  Mexico, 

Greene. 

-J—  -)—  Scapiform  sleuder  peduncle  much  surpassing  the  leaves :  styles  united  to  the  top ; 
stigmas  short  and  broad  :  valves  of  the  capsule  in  dehiscence  tending  to  separate  from 
and  leave  behind  tliree  setaceous  sutures  in  the  way  of  Capparidacece ;  fl.  summer.  — 
Phemeranthus,  Raf.  Speech,  i.  86. 

++  Stamens  20  to  30 :  petals  rose-color :  capsule  ovoid-globose. 
T.  spinescens,  Torr.  Fleshy  caudex  short  and  multicipital,  beset  witli  short  subulate 
spines,  which  are  the  indurated  persistent  midribs  of  the  older  (iialf  incli  lung)  very  obtuse 
leaves ;  these  all  densely  clustered  :  scape  a  span  or  two  high,  inclusive  of  tiie  very  spreading 
several  times  forking  cyme  :  petals  deep  rose-red,  3  or  4  lines  long :  seeds  large  (aline  wide), 
dull  and  coarsely  rugulose.  —  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  250.  —  I'lains  and  rocks,  State  of  Wash- 
ington,^  Pickering  &  Brackenridge,  Brandegee,  Suksdorf,  Nevius. 

T.  teretifolium,  Pursh.  Leafy  stems  short  and  rather  thick,  branching,  ascending  from 
fleshy  rootstock:  leaves  an  inch  or  two  long,  cylindrical,  a  line  or  more  thick:  scapiform 
peduncles  a  span  or  two  high :  cyme  minutely  bracteate  at  tiie  forkings  :  petals  5,  quarter 
inch  long:  stamens  15  to  20,  ecjualling  the  short  straight  style  :  sepals  promptly  deciduous 
from  the  capsule  (2  or  3  lines  long) ;  seeds  nearly  smootli  and  with  a  very  thin  gray  pellicle, 
only  half  a  line  wide.  —  Fl.  ii.  365  ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  819  ;  Darliugt.  Fl.  Cest.  ed.  1,  56, 
t.  3 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  196  ;  Bot.  Reg.  xxix.  t.  1  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  226,  t.  98 ;  Meehan, 
Native  Flowers,  ser.  1,  ii.  53,  t.  14.  Phemeranthus  teretijblius,  Raf.  1.  c. — Rocks,  especially 
of  serpentine,  W.  North  Carolina 2  and  Tennessee  to  E.  Texas,  north  to  Tennsylvania  and 
Minnesota. 

T.  calycinum,  Engelm.  Rootstock  thicker :  bracts  of  cyme  more  conspicuous  :  flowers  and 
capsule  one  half  larger  :  petals  commonly  8  or  10:  stamens  30  or  more:  sepals  tardily  de- 
ciduous from  the  fruit:  style  exserted,  declinate.  —  Engelm.  in  Wisliz.  Tour  in  Northern 
Mex.,  88,  &  in  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  14,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  154.  — Sandy  soil.  Upper  Arkansas 
and  Cimarron  Rivers,^  Wislizenus,  Woodhouse. 

++  ++  Stamens  5 :  petals  pale  rose  or  whitish  :  capsule  mostly  oval.  (Here  T.  napi forme, 
DC,  &  T.  Mexicanum,  Hemsl.) 
T.  parvifloruna,  Nutt.  Short-stemmed  or  subcaulescent  from  thick  and  more  or  less 
fleshy  branching  roots  :  leaves  and  inflorescence  of  the  preceding,  but  small  or  more  slender, 
and  pedicels  shorter  :  sepals  and  petals  hardly  over  a  line  long,  the  latter  tardily  deciduous : 
seeds  of  T.  teretifolium  but  smaller.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  197  ;  Engelm.  in  Gray, 
PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  154;  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  14,  &  PI.  Wright,  ii.  20.  T.  confertifJorum,  Greene, 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  viii.  121,  a  form  with  smaller  and  denser  cymes.  —  Rocks  and  plains,  W. 
Arkansas*  and  Texas  to  Colorado  and  Arizona;  first  coll.  by  Nuttall.     (Max.,  Pr ingle.) 

4.  LEWtSIA,  Pursh.  Bitter-root.  (Capt.  Meriwether  Lewis,  leader  of 
the  first  U.  S.  expedition  across  the  continent,  first  to  make  the  principal  species 
known.)  — Perennial  acaulescent  or  nearly  acaulescent  herbs,  with  a  thick  and 
perpendicular  fleshj^  and  farinaceous  caudex  and  root,  the  crown  bearing  in  spring 
a  rosulate  cluster  of  fleshy  leaves  and  either  short  1 -flowered  scapes  or  scapose- 
stalked  panicles :  flowers  conspicuous  and  handsome,  white  to  roseate  or  deep 
red.  —  Fl.  ii.  3G8  ;  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  13,  &  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  vii.  24,  t.  2;  Hook. 

1  Also  at  Stump  Lake,  Brit.  Cdlumbia,  ^fcEvoy. 

2  Southward  to  Central  Georgia.  Small,  westward  to  the  mountains  of  Colorado,  ace.  to  Coulter. 
(Rocky  Mountain  specimens  so  labelled,  and  seen  by  the  editor,  appear  to  be  T.  pnrrijlorum.) 

3  Also  in  Greene  Co.,  Missouri,  Blnnkinship,  in  Arkansas,  on  Middle  Fork  of  Red  River,  Marcy 
Exp.  (T.  teretifolium,  Torr.  in  Marcy,  Red.  Riv.  Rep.  281),  and  on  "hills  of  the  Blancos,"  Texas, 
Wright. 

*  Northward  to  Pipestone  City,  Minn.,  Sheldon. 


Lewisia.  l'<  )KI  ILAC  ACK.K.  2(J7 

Bot.  Misc.  i.  .']J'),  t.  70,  .^-  Fl.  r...r.-Aiii.  i.  I'l'.! ;  IL.ok.  \  Am.  Hut.  l5.-.-,l,.  :;|  j. 
t.  HG  ;  Wats.  liot.  Kiii<^  Kx|».  J  I  ;  IJriw.  cS:  Wats.  Uut.  Calif,  i.  7«.  Tin-  {^«iuis 
is  here  considerably  e.vteiuled  to  iiieliule  tliu  tliick-rooted  perennial  section  of 
Ca/inifln'nia  (J?  J*<ir/ii/rr/ii:ea,  (Iray,  I'roe.  Am.  Acad,  xxii,  li7<J),  ri;,'htlv  sepa- 
rated from  Cahnu/niiia  by  Th.  Howell  on  the  very  different  dehiscence  of  the 
cajtsules.  Mr.  Howell's  <;enus  Orfobruma  (  Krythea,  i.  31),  however,  cannot  be 
distini,'uished  from  Lewisia  by  a  single  constant  or  satisfa<-tory  generic  character 
as  well  indicated  by  K.  Hrandej^ee,  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci,  ser.  2,  iv.  Hi).  [Kc-- 
vised  and  extended  by  ]>.  L.  HouixsoN.] 

§  1.     Sepals  or  sepaloid  bracts  4  to  8   (in   L.   rcdiriru,   var.  (?)    Yusemitttna, 
reduced  to  2). 

♦  Scape  jointed  above  the  middle  and  hcariiig  an  involucre  of  2  or  more  scarious  suhulato 
bracts  :  cotyledons  accunibcnt.  —  Lewisia  proper. 

L.  rediviva,  Pursh,  l.  c.  (Hitter-ikmjt,  Uacixe  i>'A.Mi:KE.)  I^eaves  in  a  dense  tuft, 
usually  shorter  than  tlie  scapes,  incli  or  two  long,  subdavate :  involucre  of  5  to  7  subulate 
scaiious  bracts:  sepals  6  to  8,  strongly  imbricated,  broad-oval,  somewhat  j>etaloid:  corolla 
l)right  rose-color  varviiig  to  white,  of  12  to  16  oval  or  at  k-n|,rth  spatulate  (an  inch  or  more 
long)  petals,  rotately  spreading  in  sunshine:  stamens  40  or  more:  style-liranchcs  alnjut  8. — 
Hook.  f.  15ot.  .Mag.  t.  539.5.1  L.  aiha,  Kellogg,  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  115,  f.  36.  — H»K-ky 
Mountains  from  north  of  Hritish  boundary  to  Wyoming  and  Utah,  west  to  the  Cascade 
Mountains  and  Sierra  Nevada  down  to  San  Uernardino  Co.,  and  Arizona,  and  even  on' 
Monte  Diablo  of  the  Contra  Costa  range,  California. 

Var.*  (? )  Yosemitana,  K.  Bkandkuek,  1.  c.  89.  Closely  similar  to  the  tvije  iu  habit, 
but  very  depauperate  and  with  the  number  of  parts  in  the  flowers  much  reduced :  sepids  2, 
broad,  concave,  and  emarginate  :  petals  5.  —  Yosemite  \'alley,  Calif.,  Mrs.  W.  F.  LiMtd. 

♦  *  Scapes  not  jointed  near  the  middle  but  just  beneath  the  caly.x  proper,  the  bracts  from 
the  joint  2,  decu.ssate  with  2  sepals,  which  they  usually  closely  subtend  and  much  resem- 
ble :  cotvledous  incumbent  or  obliijue. 

L.*  Kelloggii,  K.  Bu.vxdecee.  Dwarf:  leaves  spatulate,  obtuse  or  retuse  ;  blades  6  lines 
to  an  inch  in  length  ;  the  petiides  thick,  very  broad  l»elow ;  outer  leaves  liractlike  Iteing  broad 
oblong-lanceolate  scarious  i)hyllodia:  j)edunclcs  4  to  7  lines  in  length,  jointed  at  the  l>ase  • 
involucre  none:  sepals  4,  oMong-lanceolate,  acute,  finciv  glandular-toothed,  3  to  4  lines  in 
length:  petals  .5,  white,  .it  lea-^t  twice  as  long:  .stamens  12  to  15:  style-branches  5 ;  coty- 
ledons obliipie  (ace.  to  Mrs.  Rrandegee).  —  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  iv.  88.  L.  brachy- 
cali/T,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  176,  not  Engelm.  —  CJranitic  sand  on  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mts., 
Central  California,  at  Cisco,  Kellixjfj  (1870);  Sierra  Nevada,  without  e.xact  Ux-ality,  .Vi//r 
(1872);  and  in  I'himas  Co.,  ^frs.  Austin  (1877).  Clearly  distinguished  from  the  following 
species  by  its  glandular-denticulate  sepals. 

L.*  brach^calyx,  Kxcei.m.  Leaves  spreading  in  an  open  rosulate  cluster,  spatulate  and 
oblanccolate,  moderately  fleshy,  1  to  4  inches  long  (including  tlie  margined  ju'tiolc).  sur- 
pa.ssing  the  scapes:  .sejials  4,  decus.sate,  oval  to  oblong,  much  shorter  than  the  corolla,  outer 
pair  narrower :  petals  5  to  9,  cnneate-obovate,  white,  sometimes  purjile  veiny,  half  inch  to 
almost  inch  long:  stamens  10  to  15:  styU^branches  5  to  7.  —  F.ngelni.  in  (iray,  I'roc.  Am. 
Acad.  vii.  400  ;  Wats.  1.  c.  45 ;  Brew.  &  Wat.s.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  79.  —  In  wet  pn.uml.  mountains 
of  Arizona,  AVic/xTr//,  Palmer ;  S.  Utah,  Parri/,  &c. ;  San  Bernardino  Co..  Calif.,  Punsh. 

§  2.    OREonuoMA,  Howell,  1.  c,  as  genus.     Calyx  of  2  sepals,  without  closely 
subtending  bracts. 

♦  Root  .stout,  more  or  less  elong.ated,  at  lea.-^t  oblong-conical,  l>earing  at  its  summit  one  or 
more  short  thick  erect  caudices. 

1  Add  Gnrdon.  xxxi.  124,  t.  582  ;    rnilliciix  &  H.-is,   Hull.  Soc.  Nat.  .\ccliniat.  xxxvi.  44.3-448 
(1889),  with  wood-cut. 


268  PORTULACACE.E.  Leicisia. 

■t—  Seeds  grauulate,  conspicuously  strophiolate  or  arillate  at  tlie  hilum. 
L.*  Tweedyi,  Kobixson,  n.  comb.  Caudex  and  root  very  thick:  leaves  obovate,  fleshy 
(2  to  4  inches  long,  including  the  winged  petiole,  and  inch  or  two  wide),  rather  shorter  thau 
the  1-3-flowered  fructiferous  scapes:  fructiferous  sepals  orbicular,  or  broadly  ovate,  obtuse, 
somewhat  scarious  and  colored  (5  lines  long)  and  with  tlie  alternate  narrower  bracts  of  the 
scape  entire  and  glandless :  petals  apparently  inch  long:  stamens  10  or  11 :  capsule  20-30- 
seeded,  S-valved  from  below  upward ;  seeds  with  a  large  loose  scalelike  round-reniform 
arillus  rather  than  strophiole.  —  Cahuidrima  Tweedyi,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  277. 
Ortobroiiui  Tweedyi,  Howell,  1.  c.  32.  —  Alpine  region,  on  the  sides  of  Wenatchee  Mountains, 
Yakima  region,  Wasliington,  at  6,000-7,000  feet  alt.,  Tweedy,  Brandegee. 

-»—  -»—  Seeds  obscurely  or  not  at  all  strophiolate,  mostly  very  smootli  and  shining. 
++   Plant  rarely  a  span  high,  from  an  oblong-conical  root :  scapes  1-3-flowered,  mostly  with 

a  pair  of  bracteal  small  leaves,  not  surpassing  the  linear  or  spatulate-lanceolate  moderately 

fleshy  radical  leaves. 
L.*  Nevadensis,  Kobixsox,  n.  comb.  Sepals  ample,  in  fruit  4  or  5  lines  long,  entire :  petals 
(J  tu  8,  white,  half  inch  long,  unequal :  stamens  6  to  9 :  ovules  30  to  40.  —  Calandrinia 
Nevadensis,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  623,  xxii.  276;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  75. 
Talinum  pygm(tum,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  42,  in  part.  Oreobroma  Nevade7isis,  Howell,  1.  c. 
33.  —  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  from  San  Bernardino  Co.,  northward,  east  to  the  Wasatch 
Mts.  in  Utah,  and  north  to  Washington;  first  coll.  by  Watson. 
L.*  pygmeea,  Robinson,  n.  comb.  Smaller:  scapes  less  stout:  sepals  erose-dentate  at  tlie 
quasi-truncate  summit,  the  teeth  gland-tipped :  petals  6  to  8,  rose-red :  stamens  about  as 
many:  ovules  1.5  to  20:  otherwise  as  in  the  preceding. —  Talinum  pi/ynuntm,  Gray,  Am. 
Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  407 ;  Wats.  1.  c,  in  part.  Calandrinia  pugnwa,  Gray,  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  viii.  623,  xxii.  276,  not  Muell.  C.  Grayi,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvii.  312.  Oreo- 
broma pygmcea,  Howell,  1.  c.  —  Alpine  region  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  Montana  and 
AVyoming  to  Colorado  (first  coll.  by  Parry),  west  to  the  Cascade  Range,  northward  to  the 
British  boundary,  and  southward  to  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  California. 
++    ++   Scapes  or  scapiform  stems  a  span  or  two  high  from  a  thick  multicipital  caudex  on 

a  long  and  thick  root,  paniculately  several-many-flowered  :  sepals  (as  in  the  last  preceding 

species)  rounded  or  subtruncate  and  erose-dentate  or  fimbriate,  much  shorter  than  the 

obovate  rose-red  petals. 
=  Caulescent :  a  pair  or  two  of  opposite  or  subopposite  foliar  oblanceolate  leaves  on  the 

stem  not  far  from  the  base :  calyx-teeth  and  floral  bracts  glandless. 
L.*  oppositifolia,  Robinson,  n.  comb.  Leaves  narrowly  oblanceolate,  the  radical  and 
lower  cauline  similar,  18  lines  to  3  inches  long,  acutish  :  flowers  few,  large,  long-pedicelled, 
shortly  racemose  or  subumbellately  clustered :  bracts  of  the  inflorescence  ovate-oblong, 
somewhat  scarious,  subentire  or  erose-denticulate,  but  with  teeth  glandless.  —  Calandrinia 
opj)ositifolia,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  355;  Gard.  Chron.  ser.  3,  iv.  601,  f.  83;  Garden, 
xl.  485,  with  fig.;  Hook.  f.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  7051.  Oreobroma  oppositifolia,  Howell,  1.  c.  32. — 
Bare  moist  hillsides,  near  Waldo,  Oregon,  and  on  the  Coast  Mts.  of  Del  Norte  Co.,  Calif., 
Howell. 
=  =  Foliar  leaves  essentially  basal ;  those  of  tlie  stem  much  reduced  and  bractlike ; 

floral  bracts  and  calyx  with  fine  glandular-tipped  teeth. 
a.  Leaves  fleshy  but  flattened,  obovate  to  spatulate,  rather  large,  2  or  3  inches  long,  usually 

half  inch  or  more  in  breadth. 
L.*  Cotyledon,  Robinson,  n.  comb.  Leaves  obovate-spatulate ;  those  of  the  cymosely 
several-flowered  scape  very  few  and  reduced  to  small  oblong  alternate  or  subopposite  bracts : 
petals  about  10,  large  and  red :  stamens  7  or  8 ;  their  filaments  dilated  and  more  or  less 
coherent  at  the  base:  ovules  15  to  20. —  Calandrinia  Cotyledon,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx. 
355.  Oreobroma  Cotyledon,  Howell,  1.  c.  —  Siskiyou  Mountains  of  N.  California,  Howell. 
L.*  Howellii,  Robinson,  n.  comb.  Leaves  narrower,  spatulate,  with  margins  scarious  and 
crisped:  flowers  large,  "red,  streaked  with  orange":  stamens  nearly  or  quite  free  to  the 
base.  —  Calandrinia  Howellii,  Wats.  1.  c.  xxiii.  262.  Oreobroma  Howellii,  Howell,  1.  c.  — 
Moony  Mountains,  Josephine  Co.,  Oregon.    Perhaps  only  a  form  of  the  last. 


Culandrlnia.  P(  UnTLACACK.i:.  2G9 

6.    Leaves  smaller,  Hat,  narmwlv  ..MaiKciate  or  hj.atuiat.-,  in.  li  ur  tw.,  l.,i.(j,  a  ,,uart.-r  to  a 
third  inch  liroad. 

L.*  Columbiana,  Hoiun.hon,  n.  coml>.  "  Not  Klaucouu."  4  to  12  inches  hi^h  :  ntcin  beariug 
few  or  ratli.r  rmiiitrous  Hhort-oMong  ;;lan<lulart(Mjtlie(l  braetH :  iurtoremenrc  1o<»»m«1v  |>aiiicu- 
late,  sevfrai-inanv  flo\veri'<l ;  tlowi-rf*  con-sidt-nihly  Hnialier  than  in  thi-  prerolin^  iitMMien,  red  : 
petals  ahoiit  4  or  5  line.i  lon^.  —  Ctlaudriuia  Coiuml,„n„i,  How.-ll.  in  (Jray.  l'r.M-.  Am.  AcmU. 
xxii.  277.  Onnhruma  Columbiana,  Howell,  1.  c.  —  From  the  C<iluiiil.ia  Hivi-r,  Orejjon,  Iloutll, 
to  the  Olympic  Mis.,  Ileinlerson,  and  Vancouver  I«l.,  ./.  M.  .\/„r„„„  ,•  lirKt  coll  by  LyaH  ■  fl' 
June,  July.  J    'S      >     • 

c.   Leaves  small,  a.s  in  the  la.st,  but  "terete." 

L.*  Ledna,  Robinson,  n.  coml>.  Much  like  the  la.st,  but  said  to  lie  plaucons.  4  to  8  indu-n 
high:  inHiirescence  a  much-branched  many-Howere.l  panid.-;  stems  <li»articnlatirn;  at  the 
kuse  shortly  after  antiiesis  (a  trait  erroneously  attributed  t<i  the  preceding  specii-s  bv  Dr. 
Gray,  1.  c.)  :  petals  about  7,  "  white  streaked  with  red  " :  stamens  5  to  8  :  ovules  5  to  H  (some 
abortive  and  .seeds  fewer  '.) :  bracts  as  in  the  preccling  s|.ecif8  fimbriate  and  with  reddish 
beautifully  glandular-tipped  tcetli.  —  t'(i/rt;«/r/;i/(i  Lenwi,  I'orter,  Hot.  (iaz.  i.  40;  (Jniv,  1.  c. 
277.  Oreobroma  Leaua,  Howell.  1.  c.  31.  — Siskiyou  Mts.  of  California  and  Oregon, /.rr, 
Howell. 

♦  *   Stems  slender,  1  to  several,  arising  from  a  small  globular  conn :  single  anomalouii 
species,  with  habit  of  Clayloniu,  but  with  circum.scissile  dehiscence  of  the  cai>sule. 

L.*  triph^lla,  Uouinson,  n.  comb.  Corm  barely  quarter  inch  thick :  plant  1  to  4  inches 
higli:  radical  leaves  unknown;  cauline  a  pair  or  sometimes  a  whorl  of  tiiree,  narrowly 
linear,  sessile  (half  inch  to  2  inches  long) :  paniculate  cyme  2-20-tiowered  ;  |H'<liceIs  slender 
and  erect  in  fruit :  petals  oblong,  3  to  10,2  lines  long:  cap.sule  oblong-<onical.  —  <'7„,/^„„a 
triphi/lta,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  345  ;  Gray,  1.  c.  xxii.  278.  Oreobroma  triphylla,  Howell, 
L  c.  33.  —  Subalpine,  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  from  al»ove  the  Yosemite  northwanl  to 
Washington,  fir.st  coll.  by  the  late  Pr<,f.  Ilolton,  next  by  Watson,  in  the  triphyllous  state; 
structure  of  the  capsule  noticed  by  Henderson. 

5.  CALANDRlNIA,  HBK.  {J.  L.  Calamfnnt,  a  Genevan  botani.st  of  the 
18th  century.)  — Pacific-American  and  Andean  (with  some  outlyin<?  Australian) 
low  herbs,  mostly  alternate-leaved,  and  witli  ephemeral  red  or  rose-colored 
Hovvers. — Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  vi.  77,  t.  526,  as  to  C.  caulescens,  the  first  descr. 
spec.  ;  Howell,  Erythea,  i.  33.  Calnndrinia  §  Eucalandrinia,  Gray,  1.  c.  277.  — 
The  genus  is  here  limited  as  by  Mr.  Howell  to  tho.se  species  having  the  capsules 
dehiscent  from   the   aj)ex.     Ours   are   all   annuals.      [Revised  and  restricted  bv 

B.  L.  Robinson.] 

*  Herbage  green  :  cap.<ule  oblongobovate,  acute ;  seeds  rather  numen)us,  lenticular,  punc- 
ticulate,  minutely  strophiolate. 

C.  caulescens,  II HK.  (Jlabrousor  slightly  pubescent,  or  leaves  and  sep.ils  ciliate.  some- 
what snci  uJiMit  :  steins  ascending,  a  span  to  a  foot  high:  leaves  spatulate-oblanceolate  to 
linear  :  Hower.s  racemo.>iely  extr.i-axillary,  short-pedicelled  :  petals  3  to  .'i,  rose-red  to  whitish, 
2  to  4  lines  long :  stamens  3  to  6  or  more  :  fructiferous  sepals  ovate,  short-acuminate  or  apicu- 
late,  enveloping  the  ovate  capsule  and  of  about  its  length  ;  the  miiirib  slightly  prominent. 
—  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  vi.  78.  t.  520;  DC.  I'rodr.  iii.  3.-)9  :  (;ray.  Pr<K-.  Am.  Aca<l.  xxii.  277. 
C.  micrnniha,  Schlecht.  Hort.  Hal.  9,  t.  ."i,  small-flowered  form.  —  Low  gn>un<I.  .Vri/ona  and 
S.  E.  California.  Pritiijle,  /'arisli,  to  islands  of  Ixiwer  California,  Palmer,  ami  on  Columbia 
Kiver.i  S,dsd..rr.  Ihudnsnu.     (Mex.  to  Bolivia.)     Pa.si<es  to 

Var.  Menzi^sii,  Cm  v,  l.  c.  Flowers  larger  and  longer-pedunrled  :  petals  quarter  to 
half  inch  long,  rose-red  or  purple:  stamens  4  to  11. —  Tnhnum  (CaUindrinia)  Mtnziffii, 
Hook.  Fl.  nor.-.\m.  i.  22-1,  t.  7().  small  form,  in  fruit,  pn.liably  from  California.  C  Mtnzifiii, 
Torr.  &   (Jray.  Fl.  i.  l'J7  ;   Hrew.  &   Wats.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  74.      C.  «/.«ti<..«i,   Lin.U.   Bot.   Heg. 

1  Also  vicinity  of  VictDria,  Brit.  Columbia,  M<\coun  (iii>ocinicn  distrib.  ns  C.  Mfn:i($ii). 


270  PORTULACACE.E.  Cala?ulrinia. 

t.  1598.     C.elegans,  Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  v.  232.     C.  pulchella,  Lilja,  Linnaja,  xvii.   108. — 
Low  grounds  throughout  W.  California  and  northward  to  Brit.  Columbia ;  variable. 

C.  Bre'weri,  Watson. ^  Stems  lax,  ascending  or  trailing,  commonly  a  foot  long :  leaves 
sjjalulate :  flowers  sparse :  pedicels  longer,  often  declined  or  refracted  in  fruit :  capsule 
narrower  and  longer,  5  lines  long,  becoming  nearly  twice  the  length  of  tlie  calyx. —  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  xi.  124  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Cahf.  i.  74.  C  Menziesii,  var.  macrucarpa,  Gray, 
Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  iii.  102.  —  Santa  Inez  Mountains,  near  Santa  Barbara,  California, 
Brewer:^    (La  GruUa,  Lower  Calif.,  Orcutt.) 

■*  *  Glaucous :  capsule  ovoid,  obtuse ;  seeds  more  turgid,  dull  and  grayisli,  rougliish,  con- 
spicuously strophioiate. 
C.  maritima,  Nutt.  Depressed  and  small :  leaves  mostly  rosulate  at  tlie  root,  obovate  or 
spatulate  :  flowers  in  a  loose  naked  cyme  :  petals  red  :  fructiferous  sepals  ovate,  2  lines  long, 
a  little  shorter  than  the  capsule.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  197  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot. 
Calif,  j.  75.  —  Coast  of  S.  California,  near  San  Diego,  Nutlall,  Thurber,  and  Santa  Monica, 
Parry.^ 

*   *   *  Very  succulent  annual :  capsule  ovoid,  obtuse  ;  seeds  rather  numerous,  obovate  and 
lenticular,  naked  at  hilum. 

C.  sesuvioides,  Gray.  Depressed  and  spreading  from  a  stout  ta))-root :  stems  a  span  or 
more  long,  leafy :  leaves  linear-spatulate,  tiattish  and  strongly  edged,  very  obtuse,  inch  or 
more  long,  some  of  them  opposite:  flowers  in  terminal  and  lateral  somewhat  umbellate 
clu.sters ;  pedicels  rather  longer  tlian  the  calyx,  not  jointed  :  sepals  broadly  ovate,  obtuse, 
nearly  equalling  the  chartaceous  capsule,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  5  obovate  white  petals: 
stamens  5,  sometimes  6  or  8  :  style  very  short ;  stigma  subcapitate,  undivided  :  seeds  shining, 
minutely  puncticulate.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  278.  Claytonia  ambiyua,  Wats.  ibid.  xvii. 
365.*  —  Colorado  Desert,  at  ludio  and  El  Rio,  on  the  Californian  side  of  the  river,  Lemmon, 
Parish. 

6.  CLAYT6NIA,  Gronov.  Spring  Beauty.  (Dedicated  by  Gronovius 
to  John  Clayton^  of  Virginia,  from  whose  collections  and  observations  he  edited  the 
Flora  Virginica.)  —  Low  and  very  glabrous  moderately  succulent  perennials  from 
a  corm  or  thickened  caudex,  sending  up  radical  leaves  and  scapes  or  flowering 
stems  bearing  a  single  pair  of  opposite  leaves  (in  one  species  the  1  to  3  cauline 
leaves  commonly  alternate).  Flowers  usually  opening  for  two  or  three  days.  Sta- 
mens always  5.  Capsule  3-valved  from  the  top,  about  G-seeded  ;  seeds  smooth  and 
shining,  mostly  with  an  evident  conical  or  depressed  white  strophiole  at  the  hilum 
(as  noticed  by  Humb.  &.  Bonpl.  PI.  ^quin.  i.  91). — Gronov.  ace.  to  L.  Gen. 
no.  849,  &  Fl.  Virg.  25;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  198;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  223, 
t.  97,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  278,  in  part;  Howell,  Erythea,  i.  35;  K,  Bran- 
degee,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  iv.  89.  —  A  genus  essentially  confluent  with 
Montia,  but  scarcely  to  be  united  with  it,  owing  to  the  diverse  habit  of  the  more 
typical  species  of  the  two.  The  most  practicable,  although  none  too  definite,  di- 
vision is  that  suggested  by  Th.  Howell  and  by  K.  Brandegee,  vf\\evehy  C laytonia  is 

1  It  has  been  suggested  (Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  iv.  90)  that  this  species  is  the  Chilian 
C.  cvmpressa,  Schrad.,  — a  possible  identity,  which,  with  the  scanty  and  not  very  authoritatively 
named  material  at  iiand  of  the  Chilian  plant,  can  neither  be  confirmed  nor  wholly  disproved.  The 
number  of  stamens  in  the  Californian  plant  is  about  6,  in  the  Chilian  said  to  be  3  or  4. 

2  Also  on  the  Island  of  Sta.  Cruz,  Brandegee,  and  apparently  the  same  on  Mt.  Tamalpais, 
Blankinship. 

8  Also  on  the  Island  of  Sta.  Cruz,  Brandegee,  and  Lower  Calif.,  Palmer. 

*  Add  syn.  Cnlnndrinin  ambigun,  Howell,  Krythea,  i.  .34.  It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  Dr.  Gray 
in  transferring  this  species  to  Calandrinia  did  not  retain  the  original  specific  name. 


CUiylonia.  J'(  tU  1  |   LACACK.K.  271 

limited,  as  here,  to  th«!  rormatosc  and  caudicosc  nn'inlHTs  of  Kuclatjionia,  Gray 
(Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  27H).  [Kt.-vised  and  reslri<t«d  by  H.  L.  Koni.v.sr.N.] 
*  Typical  Clnytonia.  (Simung  Bkauty.)  Coriiioso  ;  the  i*lfii(ior  2-lcavc-.l  HtoiiiH  nixl  Hfianuj 
and  few  radiLjil  leavm  (rarely  tootain'tms)  from  a  fliep  >,'!<)liular  torm  :  leaven  linear  lo 
oblong:  petals  light  rose,  usually  with  (leeper-eolore.l  veins:  few  (»ee<!e<l  eap«ule  .%valved 
from  top;  the  valves  ehartaeeous  and  more  or  li-ss  eonduplieate  in  age,  iMTsiKi.nt :  rsK  e 
niiform  iutloreseenco  mainly  braetless  :  Jlowers  (produced  in  earlv  spring)  laitting  for  a 
few  days:  pedieels  recurved  or  drooping  in  fruit :  seeds  lenticular,  rather  uarrow-tdged, 
very  sliiuing.     Species  almost  confluent  in  a  series. 

C.  Virginica,  L.  A  span  or  two  high  from  a  d.cp  and  rather  large  globular  comprcjwed 
corm  :  leaves  linear-lanceolato  or  linear,  2  to  G  inches  long  including  the  graduallv  ta[>ering 
base  or  margined  petiole,  1  to  4  lines  broad  :  raceme  rather  longpedunded,  at  length 
rather  many-Howered  :  petals  often  half  inch  long. —Spec.  i.  204;  Lam.  111.  t.  144,  f.  I  ; 
Schk.  Ilandl).  t.  50;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  160;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  941  ;  I^.dd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.'  64.3; 
Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  (Jard.  ser.  2,  t.  163  ;  tiray,  Gen.  1)1.  i.  t.  97  ;  Meehan.  Native  Flowers,  8or.  l] 
i.  157,  t.  40.  C.  ;/raii(li/loni  (&,  C.  Siinsii),  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  t.  216.  C.  uruli/lora, 
Sweet,  llort.  Brit.  ed.  2,  220.—  Woods,  in  light  soil  or  leaf  mould.  Nova  Scotia  t<j  Minne- 
sota,' south  to  Upper  Georgia,  Louisiana,  and  Texas,  west  to  the  I{<K-ky  Mountains  in 
Colorado.     Flowers  sometimes  heterogone-dimorphous,  as  shown  by  E.  L.  Hankenson.'^ 

C.  Caroliniana,  Micux.  Lower  and  fewer-flowered:  leaves  oblong,  oblong-lanceolate,  or 
somewhat  spatulate,  with  blade  an  inch  or  two  long,  abruptly  contracted  into  a  margined 
petiole  of  same  or  scarcely  half  the  length  :  flowers  rather  smaller.  —  Fl.  i.  160;  Ell.  Sk.  i. 
307;  ?  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  t.  208.  C.  ]'ir(fluic(t,  va.T.  $,  Ait.  Kew.  i.  284.  C.  \'irf/,nira, 
var.  latifolia,  Torr.  Fl.  N.  &  Midd.  States,  259.  C.  s]>atula/>,l,(i,  Salisb.  Farad.  Loud.  t.  71. 
C.  upatltuhpfnUu,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  175.  C.  \'ir(/inic(i,  var.  spathulii Julia,  DC.  Prodr  iii.  361  ;  II<x)k. 
Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  224.  C.  apatulata,  Eaton,  ^L^n.  ed.  4,  263.  V.  si>al/iHliila,  Bigel  Fl.  Bost. 
ed.  2,  98.3 —  Cool  woods.  Nova  Scotia  to  Saskatchewan,  Minnesota,  the  higher  njountains  of 
N.  Carolina,  and,  apparently,  those  of  New  Me.xico,  Newberry* 

C.  lanceolata,  Piksh.  a  span  high  from  a  globose  corm:  leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate, 
lialf  to  iiich  and  a  half  long;  radical  (rare)  long-petioled  ;  cauline  sessile  eitiier  by  broad  or 
narrowed  base  :  inflorescence  few-several  flowered,  sulwe.^sile  between  the  leaves  or  short- 
peduncled  :  petals  emarginate  or  almost  obcordate.  —  Fl.  i.  175,  t.  3  (a  large  form) ;  llfMjk. 
Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  224;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  199;  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Boss.  ii.  147  (exd.  pi. 
Kotzet).  &  Siber.  which  should  relate  to  C.  orrtirti)  ;  (Jray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  407. 
C.  Cnroliniamt,  var.  sessi/i folia,  Torr.  Pacif.  U.  Uep.  iv.  70;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i  76. 
C.  Caroliniana,  var.  lanoolata,  Wats  Bot.  King  Exji.  42.  —  Bocky  Mountains  of  Brit. 
Columbia,  south  to  the  Wasatch  in  Utali  *  and  Sierra  Nevada,  California.  ('.  CaroUmaua, 
Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  t.  208,  seems  rather  to  rejjresent  the  j)resent  sj)ecies. 

C.  Umbellata,  Watson.  An  inch  or  two  high  from  a  subglobular  or  obversely  napiforni 
corm  :  radical  leaves  unknown  ;  cauline  fleshy,  obovate,  half  inch  or  more  long  anti  con- 
tracted into  a  petiole  of  ecpial  or  greater  length  :  inflorescence  subsessile  and  nmlndliform, 
few -.several-flowered  :  petals  ()l)ovate,  entire  :  seeds  com])aratively  large.  —  Bot.  King  Exp. 
43,  t.  6,  f.  4,  5 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  77.  —  W.  borders  of  Neva<Ia,  near  Virginia  City, 
Watson,  Mann ;  on  Steins  Mountain,  E.  Oregon,  Howell. 

*  *  Caudicose;  a  rosulate  duster  of  radical  leaves  surrounding  scapiform  flowering  stems, 
directly  from  the  very  thick  crown  or  perpendicular  caudex  surmounting  the  thick  and 
fleshy  tap-root :  wing-margined  petioles  of  the  railical  leaves  scarious-dilated  ami  mostly 
as  if  sheathing  at  base  :  no  sarmentose  shoots  or  off.sets :  inflorescence  nicemiform  or  sul>- 
cymo.<te,  with  or  without  8f)me  small  scarious  bracts:  jictals  white  or  pale  rose-<-olor.  3  to  5 
lines  long,  apparently  not  ephemeral. 

1  Northwest  to  the  Sa.okatchewnn.  Dnimmond,tide  Macoun. 

2  A  form  with  doul)Ie  (lower!  has  been  noted  bv  Prof.  L.  F.  Ward. 

«  Add  cyn.  C.  Inli/olla,  Sheldon.  Ibdl.  Geo!.  &  Nat.  Hist.  Siirv.  Minn    ix.  l.-i. 

*  .\lsn  at  Manros,  Colorado,  Miff  Knstiooofl,  and  eastwanl  a.s  far  a.s  W.  Newfoundland,  Wnr/h-n  nt. 

*  Also  Wyoming,  Xelson. 


272  PORTULACACE.E.  Claijtoma. 

C.  megarrhiza,  Parry.  Root  very  large  (inch  or  two  thick,  often  a  foot  long),  conical  or 
fusiform  :  radical  leaves  spatulate  to  dilated-cuueate,  2  to  G  inciies  long  including  tlie  long 
wiug-petioled  base,  ecjualliug  or  surpassing  the  cyniosely  fe\v-several-Ho\vered  scapes  ;  tiiese 
bearing  mostly  two  or  rarely  more  alternate  spatulate  to  linear  leaves  tapering  below  as  if 
petioled,  or  occasionally  opposite,  or  reduced  to  scarious  bracts.  —  Parry  in  Wats.  Bibl.  Index, 
118.  C.  arcUca,\-AT.  me(jnrrhiza,  Gray,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  406,  &  Proc.  Acad. 
Philad.  1863,  .59  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  43.  — Alpine  region  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  from 
S.  Colorado  (where  first  coll.  by  Parrij)  to  Urit.  America  and  on  the  mountains  of  Oregon, 
&c.,  where  it  approaches  the  next. 

C.  arctica,  M.  F.  Adams.  Radical  leaves  spatulate-obovate,  about  half  the  length  of  the 
scapes  or  lloweriug  stems  ;  cauline  ovate  or  broadly  oblong,  closely  sessile  by  broad  base  (half 
inch  to  inch  long),  obtuse  :  cyme  naked,  short-racemiform,  rather  loosely  several-flowered.  — 
Me'm.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  v.  94  (1817);  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  361;  Ciiam.  Linnasa,  vi.  559;  Gray, 
Am.  Jour.  Sci.  1.  c.  407.  C.  Joanniana,  Rcem.  &  Schult.  Syst.  v.  434  (1819).  C.  Sibirka, 
Pall,  in  herb.  Willd.,  not  L.  C.  acutlfolia,  Ledeb.  PI.  Alt.  *i.  253,  &  Ic.  t.  272,  not  Pall.  C. 
Joanneana  &  C.  arctica,  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  ii.  148.  ?  C.  sarmentosa,  Seem.  Bot.  Herald, 
t.  5.  —  Ala.'^kan  Islands,  Unalaska,  Harrington,  Kyska,  M.  Baker.     (Adj.  Asia  to  Altai.) 

C.  tuberosa.  Pall.  Radical  leaves  lanceolate-obovate  and  acute  to  linear-lanceolate,  shorter 
than  tiie  flowering  stems ;  cauline  lanceolate,  acute,  broad  at  se.ssile  base :  inflorescence 
and  flowers  nearly  of  the  preceding.  —  Pallas  ace.  to  Willd.  in  Rcem.  &  Schult.  Syst.  v.  436, 
narrow-leaved  form ;  Gray,  1.  c.  C.  acutifolia,  Pall.  1.  c. ;  Cham.  Linnaa,  vi.  560 ;  Fenzl 
in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  ii.  147,  larger  and  broader-leaved  form.  C.  Eschsclwltzii,  Cham.  1.  c. 
561,  the  most  narrow-leaved  form. — Arctic  Alaska,  Muir,  hut  specimen  wants  root  and 
radical  leaves.  Also  coll.  by  Rothrock  at  Plover  Bay  and  by  Wright  on  Arakamtchetcheue 
Island  on  the  Asiatic  side.    (E.  Siberia.) 

*   *  *   Subterranean  stems  (whether  cormatose  or  caudicose)  unknown :  cauline  leaves  sub- 
opposite,  narrow :  pedicels  elongated,  the  lowest  subtended  by  a  short  relatively  broad  ovate- 
lanceolate  bract :  sepals  unequal,  narrow  and  attenuate. 
C*  Bodini,  Holzinger.    Slender  .stems  4  to  6  inches  high,  mostly  2-leaved  below  the  middle : 
leaves  narrowly  linear,  unequal,  about  2  to  3  inches  in  length,  a  line  or  less  in  breadth  •.  lower 
pedicels  1^  to  2  inches  long  :  calyx  spathaceous;  the  lanceolate  attenuate  sepals  4  to  5  lines 
in  length,  about  equalling  the  ovate-oblong  obtusish  petals.  —  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i. 
286.  —  Sandy  soil,  Hempstead,  Texas,  J.  E.  Bodin,  1890;  fl.  March.    A  .species  well  marked 
by  habit  and  characters  but  as  yet  poorly  known  and  of  uncertain  affinities. 

7.  MONTIA,  Micheli.  (Jos.  Monti,  professor  of  botany  at  Bologna.)  — 
Nov.  Gen.  t.  13;  L.  Gen.  no.  58;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  159,  excl.  syn. 
Leptrina,  Raf.,  which  is  wholly  obscure;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis,  180;  Howell, 
Erythea,  i.  36.  Montia  and  Claytonia  §  Limnia  (as  well  as  the  rhizomato.se 
species  of  Euclaytonia)  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  280,  284.  [Revised  and 
extended  by  B.  L.  Robinsox.] 

§  1.  Rhizomatose ;  the  flowering  stems,  bearing  a  pair  of  broad  sessile  leaves 
below  the  racemiform  mostly  bractless  inflorescence,  and  the  long-petioled  radical 
leaves  from  creeping  little-thickened  rootstocks  :  petals  obovate  and  emarginate 
or  obcordate,  rose-color  or  white :  pedicels  in  fruit  erect  or  ascending. 

M.*  sarmentosa,  Rorinson,  n.  comb.  About  a  span  high  from  creeping  filiform  rootstocks 
or  stolons  moderately  thickened  at  the  crown  :  radical  leaves  obovate-spatulate,  mostly  obtuse, 
half  inch  or  more  long,  abruptly  contracted  into  a  longer  petiole  with  no  scarious  dilated 
base ;  cauline  ovate  or  orbicular,  closely  sessile  :  flowers  few  :  petals  broadly  obovate,  emar- 
ginate, a  third  to  half  inch  long,  3  or  4  times  the  length  of  the  sepals. —  Cla>/to)7)a  sarmen- 
tosa, C.  A.  Meyer,  Mem.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  vii.  137,  t.  3  (1829)  ;  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  ii. 
149  ;  Seem.  Bot.  Herald,  27,  but  the  figures,  t.  5,  seem  rather  to  be  of  C  arctica.  C.  Cha- 
missoi,  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  361,  Jide  Fenzl,  not  Ledeb.  in   Spreng.     C.  arctica,  vars.,   Cham. 


Montia.  I'OUnLAt'ACK.i:. 


173 


Liiiiia'a,  1.  c.  559.  C.  }'ir<,,„ic<i,  H<H)k.  &  Am.  Hot.  Hci-<li.  li>.3,  in  jart.  — St.  Lawn-ii.c.  .><t. 
J'aiil  and  St.  lic.jrgt-  l>l:inil.s,  Ala.ska,  lirst  c.ll.  \t\  Vtiumisio  &,  K»ch^cliuitz,  anil  K.<tzel.uo 
Soiuul.     (Adj.  A.sia.) 

M.»  asarifolia,  Howki.i..  a  font  or  U-ss  hij^li  from  a  nN-ndt-r  or  Hli^jlitlv  Uc-.|iy  rrw-jiing 
roiit.siuik :  lca\ f.s  .siuculi-nt ;  railinil  from  orl.iiular-HulK-orilat*-  or  nlifjlitlv  r<-nif<irm  Ut 
rliomliic-uvatu;  llio  largt-r  2  inclii-a  (or  even  4  in.li.-.-*,  utv.  to  Hongard)  in  ("liam.-l«-r.  long- 
jn'tioled;  cauliiio  jiair  of  similar  form,  clo.sclyHes.siU!:  inllon-scencc-  slfn«ler|MMlun<ulnte, 
l<K>8clysfveral-ll<. Wired,  witii  tKiiwionaily  a  small  bnu-t:  in-tals  a  ipuirter  or  third  inrli  long: 
fructiferous  sepals  rather  shorter  than  the  cajisule.  —  Erylhea,  i.  .'JO  ;  VUiijlumn  umri/iJfu, 
Bong.  \'eg.  Sitch.  1;j7  ;  Fenzl  in  J.edeh.  V\.  l{oss.  ii.  15o'  C.  S,:vitdrn»iA,  Brew.  &  Wain. 
Bot.  Calif,  i.  77,  a  dwarfed  form.  C.  conll/ulia,  Wau*.  I'nH'.  Am.  Acail.  xvii.  .'{65.  — Wet  or 
springy  ground,  Horky  Mountains  of  Hrit.  America,  ,1/«r«Hn  ,•  Montana  and  h\a.\w,  Lyall, 
Nicius,  W'ltlson;  and  ('a.scade  Mountains,  IIi  uderson,  Siikstlnrj',  to  Sitka,  Mrrttnt.  Alito  in 
a  reduced  form  in  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  Liminon,  &c.     (Bering  I.«land.) 

§  2,  LiMNiA.  Fibrous-rooted  annuals  or  perennials,  destitute  of  rootstoeks, 
cornis,  «S:c,,  but  some  stoloniferous  or  rooting  from  tlie  nodes  or  bulhillifcrous : 
one  sepal  commonly  a  little  larger  than  the  other,  and  the  two  petals  alternating 
with  these  commonly  larger  than  the  others.  Flowers  in  most  species  opening 
more  than  one  day. — Liiniiia,  L.  Act.  Holm.  174G,  130,  t.  5;  Ilaworth,  Syn. 
PL  Succ.  1 L 

♦   Cauline  leaves  a  single  sessile  pair  below  the  racomiform  inflorescence  ;  radic.il  nuinenniu 
aud  petioled :  petals  eniarginate  or  obcordate  ;  stamens  always  5. 

•<—  Bracts  accompanyiug  most  of  the  pedicels  of  the  simply  and  l«x>sely  racemiform  inflo- 
resceuce  :  leaves  thiuuish.     Connects  strictly  with  the  preceding  species. 

M.*  Sibirica,  Howell,  1.  c.  Annual  or  more  enduring  and  with  thickened  crown  produ- 
cing offsets  upon  stout  stolons,  but  no  rootstock  :  flowering  stems  a  span  or  two  or  a  fixjt  or 
two  high  :  radical  le.ives  rhombic-ovate  (and  varying  from  broadly  ovate  or  olM)vato  toovate- 
laticeolate),  contracted  into  long  margined  petioles,  these  fleshy-thickened  at  bji.«e;  cauline 
broailly  ovate  and  closely  se.ssile  but  distinct,  sometimes  obovate  ami  with  contracted  bjuse. 
inch  or  two  long :  bracts  oblong  to  linear :  j)edicels  usually  solitary  and  alt«Tnate,  slender, 
in  fruit  often  inch  or  more  long  and  widely  spreading  or  refracted :  sepals  very  broailly 
ovate,  mostly  accrescent :  petals  rose-color  or  white,  quarter  inch  long :  seeils  at  maturity 
distinctly  gr.anulate. —  Clai/toiiid  Sihirim,  L.  Hurt,  I'ps.  52,  &  Sjiec.  i.  204  (/.iHiniVi,  Act. 
Holm.  1.  c.)  ;  Gmel.  Fl.  Sibir.  iv.  89  ;  Sims.  Rot  Mag.  t.  224.T  :  Sweet,  Brit.  Kl.  (iani  t.  16; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  676,  excl.  syn.;  Fenzl  in  l.edel>.  Fl.  Ko.ss.  ii.  149;  (Jray,  Am.. lour.  Sci. 
ser.  2,  xxxiii.  407  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  C.-ilif.  i.  76.  ('.  alslnoldfs,  Sims,  Bot.  Mag  t.  1.309. 
white-fl.  form;  Pnrsh.  Fl.  i.  175 :  Ch.im.  Linna-a.  vi.  559  ;  Bong.  1.  c.  1.16  ;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl. 
i.  199.  C.  UnnlnsrhL-fiisls.  Tiavh.  Ilort.  Gorenk.  ed  2,  62.  &  in  Ra-m.  &  Schult.  Syst.  v.  4.34; 
PC.  I'rodr.  iii.  361.  rim„!a  .V,7„V-Vv,  &,  L.  n'sinn,;!,,,  Ilaworth.  Syn.  I'l.  Succ.  11.  — Moist 
banks.  &c.,  Alaskan  Islan.ls  and  Brit.  Columbia  (first  coll.  by  SuI/.t  &  />,<ll.is  ')  and  south 
to  San  Fnincisco  B.iy  and  Plumas  Co.  in  Sierni  Nevada,  Californi.i.  (Bering  Island,  and 
proliably  on  the  .idjacent  mainland  ;  but  not  otherwise  known  to  be  Siberian.) 

Var.*  heteroph^lla,  Honivsov.  n  coml).  A  form  with  leaves.  e.-^pcH-ially  radical 
ones,  varying  from  ovate  lanceolate  to  linear  lanreol.ite  or  even  linear! —  Cloi/limia  Sihinm, 
var.  /iitirn/.l,  1,11,1,  Gray,  Troc.  Am.  Acid.  xxii.  281.  C  {'nnlnsr/dmsis.  var.  hrUro/ihitlla, 
Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Oay,  Fl.  i.  199.  &  C.  nishioid, s,  var.  liftrm/./n/lln,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c  — On 
tlu"  Coliimliia  Biver  and  elsewhere,  in  moist  and  shady  gn'und. 

Var.*  bulbifera,  Bohinson.  n.  comb.  Thickened  bases  of  radical  leaves  mor«>  fleshy 
ami  ])ersistent  on  the  crown  .is  bulblet-scales. —  Clai/limiit  hulliif'rni.  Gray.  Phk'.  Am.  Aowl. 
xii.  54  ;  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  4.35.  C.  Sihinm.  var.  hulhillitWn',  C;ray.  1.  r.  xxii  281 .  M.mtia 
hulUif.ra,  Howell,  ].  c.  —  N.  California,  on  the  Sc<>tt  Mountflins,  Cr^ntr.  nnd  Wolf  CnH^k.  in 
adjacent  Oregon,  IloirrU.  Otlier  less  marked  sjx'cimens  jmik-*  to  the  onlinary  form  of  the 
species. 

18 


274  PORTULACACE.E.  Montia. 

M.*  arenicola,  A.  A.  Heller.  Much  more  sleuderyet  approaching  in  habit  var.  heterophi/lla 
of  the  preceding  species:  stems  numerous,  2  to  6  inches  high:  radical  leaves  lauce-oblong 
to  spatulate  linear,  the  cauline  similar :  raceme  loose,  elongated ;  pedicels  slender,  widely 
spreading  or  reHexed  :.  Howers  roseate,  rather  showy  :  calyx  often  with  reddish  tinge :  seeds 
black,  half  line  in  length,  very  smooth  and  shining,  scarcely  more  than  half  as  large  as  in 
the  ])receding  species.  —  [List  of]  Idaho  Plants,  1896,  on  the  second  [unnumbered]  page. 
(The  thoughtless  publication  of  uew  combinations  in  such  irregular  and  obscure  documents 
merits  severe  censure.)  Clai/tonia  arenicola,  Henderson,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  49;  llolzin- 
»ger,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iii.  217.  C.  spatliulata,  var.  teiiuijblia,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 
xxii.  282,  iu  part.  —  Along  creek-bottoms  and  on  stony  land,  Washington,  near  ISpokane, 
Lyall,  Henderson,  Bingen,  Suksdorf;  Idaho,  Spalding,  Sandbery,  Henderson  ;  H.  April  to 
June.  Nearest  M.  gi/psophiloides,  but  of  different  range  and  readily  di-stinguished  by  its 
much  more  decidedly  bracteate  racemes,  and  much  more  slender  elongated  cauline  leaves. 

^—  -t—  Bracts  few  and  minute  or  none :  leaves  succulent ;  the  cauline  pair  usually  connate  : 
flowers  apparently  opening  for  2  or  more  days  :  species  or  forms  (except  the  first)  conflu- 
ent in  a  series. 

M.*  saxosa,  Braxdegee,  in  litt.  Small  and  dense,  succulent :  root  annual,  subsimple,  slen- 
der, perpenilicular :  radical  leaves  broadly  spatulate  or  obovate,  .3  to  6  lines  long,  2  to  3 
lines  brt>ad,  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  somewhat  narrowed  at  the  subsessile  base  ;  cauline 
leaves  a  single  pair,  ovate,  obtuse,  quarter  inch  or  less  in  length,  not  connate  :  flowers 
subumbellate  ;  pedicels  etiualling  or  exceeding  the  short  scape-like  stem :  sepals  suborbicular, 
2  lines  in  diameter :  roseate  petals  twice  as  long :  valves  of  tlie  capsule  1 1  to  2  lines  in  length  : 
seeds  large,  black,  foveolate-striate. —  Claytonia  saxosa,  Brandegee,  Zoe,  iv.  150.  —  Shaly 
slopes  of  Snow  Mountain,  Lake  Co.,  and  on  Yolo  Bolo,  California,  Brander/ee.  Forming 
"  dense  succulent  balls,  1  to  3  inches  iu  diameter  "  and  rather  well  marked  among  the  re- 
lated forms  by  its  short  and  broad  scarcely  petiolate  radical  leaves. 

M.*  perfoliata,  How^ell,  1.  c.  38.  Rather  large  and  coarse,  green  and  often  reddening  in 
age,  a  span  to  a  foot  high :  radical  leaves  from  subreniform  or  rhomboidal  to  .spatulate- 
obovate  (commonly  1  to  3  inches  broad),  petiolate;  cauline  connate  into  an  entire  or  often 
angulately  2-lobed  rounded  disk:  pedicels  short,  seldom  longer  than  the  fruiting  calyx, 
coTnmonly  in  3  or  4  pairs  or  fascicles  in  a  short  interrupted  and  secund  raceme,  sometimes 
all  or  a  part  closely  clustered  close  to  the  disk :  sepals  orbicular,  in  fruit  commonly  2  lines 
long  and  broader  than  the  capsule  :  petals  white,  little  surpassing  the  calyx :  seeds  turgid- 
lenticular,  very  shining,  but  at  maturity  minutely  granulate,  the  larger  a  line  long  or  more. 
—  Clai/tonia  perfoliata,  Donn,  Ind.  Ilort.  Cantab,  ed.  1,  2.')  (1796);  Willd.  Spec.  i.  1186; 
Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1336  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  225 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  200.  C.  Cubensis. 
Bonpl.  Ann.  Mus.  Par.  vii.  82,  t.  6,  &  PI.  vEquin.  t.  26,  but  not  native  to  Cuba.  Limnia  per- 
foliata, Haworth,  Syn.  PI.  Succ.  12.  —  Banks  of  streams,  &c., 'California  to  Arizona  (and  adj. 
Mex.),  northward  to  Brit.  Columbia,  common  near  the  coast;  first  collected  by  Menzies, 
now  a  weed  of  cultivation  in  many  parts  of  the  world. 

M.*  parviflora,  Howell,  1.  c.  More  slender,  green  or  glaucescent,  a  span  or  two  high  : 
radical  leaves  spatulate  to  filiform-linear,  when  narrow  usually  an  elongated  blaile  and 
shorter  petiole ;  cauline  a  rounded  disk  as  of  the  preceding,  or  rarely  the  rounded  leaves 
almost  di.sjoined  :  pedicels  slender,  in  fruit  2  to  6  lines  long  and  much  longer  than  the 
(about  line  long)  calyx,  less  fascicled,  more  commonly  scattered  in  a  looser  raceme,  but 
sometimes  inflorescence  all  glomerate  on  the  disk :  petals  white  or  pale  rose-color,  hardly 
double  the  length  of  the  calyx  :  seeds  half  as  large  as  in  the  foregoing,  very  obscurely  if  at 
all  granulate. —  Clai/tonia  parviflora,  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  225,  t.  73;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  200.  C.  perfoliata,  var.  parviflora,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  71,  &  Bot.  Mex. 
Bound.  38;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  75.— California  to  Brit.  Columbia,  and  east  to 
S.  I'tah  and  Idaho;  first  coll.  by  Domjlas.     (Lower  Calif.,  Palmer.) 

Var.*  depressa,  Robinson,  n.  comb.  Mostly  small,  depressed  :  radical  leaves  broadly 
ovate  nr  rhomhciidiil  and  petiolate,  as  in  C.  perfoliata;  blades  sometimes  broader  than  long; 
cauline  u.sually  small  and  partly  disjoined,  subtending  sessile  and  glomerate  or  subumbellate 
inflorescence  of  small  flowers:  calyx  only  a  line  long.  —  Clai/tonia  parviflora,  \aT.  depressa. 
Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  281.  —  River  banks,  &c.,  Brit.  Columbia  to  Oregon  and  adjacent 


Montia.  I'()K'Ill.ArA(  K.i:.  27,', 

Idaho.     Ambiguous  form.'     Muntin  nibnt,  lluwell,  1.  c,  irt  mcnly  a  larger  oficii  cruU-iu-i-nt 
state  of  the  same  tiling. 

M.*  gypsophiloides,  IIoweli,,  1.  c.  Rather  slviuiur,  3  to  8  <»r  10  iiiihri»  high,  ert^t  or 
iicarlv  so:  raiiical  leaves  liuear  or  tiliforni,  much  exceeded  hy  the  lioMeriiig  itleuiit :  cauiiue 
leaves  usually  wliurt,  ovale,  aculi-sli,  to  «l)lonj;-liuear,  partially  connate  on  one  hide  (rarely  on 
both)  to  a  small  at  utely  liiauriculale  di.sk  :  inllorescence  ulendcr,  elongated  ;  tioMern  connpiru- 
ous  :  pelaLs  reluse,  roseate,  ahout  .'}  lime.s  the  length  of  the  M-paU.  —  thu/toiiKi  (/v/i*«y</i(/»ir/r(, 
risch.  &  Mey.  Ind.  Sem.  llorl.  I'etn.p.  ii.  (1KJ5).  8,  &  Sen.  I'etnjp.  t.  .'l.'i ;  Dou  iu  Swe«l, 
IJrit.  Fl.  (jard.  ser.  2,  t.  375.  C  s/xiilnilatu,  (iray,  I'nx-.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  2H2,  in  part,  iioi 
Dougl.  —  .Mountains  of  W.  t'eutr.  California,  t'.  iiuhii/init,  (in-ene,  I'ittoniu,  ii.  2<J4,  with 
tlowt'is  of  tills  s|ie('ies,  ha^  cauliuu  leaver  connate  into  a  roundinli  dink,  iu<  in  C.  /MimfiUiti. 

M.*  spathulata,  Uowki.l,  I.e.  Lower  ami  more  condi-nscd,  1  to  4  iucheH  IukIi  :  nulical 
leaves  linear  or  spatulatelinear,  not  greatly  exceeded  l>y  the  (lowering  Hlemi« ;  caulijie  lenve« 
from  lanceolate-ovate  to  lanceolate,  almost  distinct  or  connate  ujxm  one  oide  into  au  oUor- 
(late  or  2-lol)ed  body  or  rarely  uuited  all  around  to  a  judtate  dink  :  infloremeiicen  uliurt, 
half  inch  to  barely  inch  iu  length  :  flowers  small  :  petals  white,  1  to  2  linen  in  length  :  mih1» 
at  maturity  black,  shining,  conspicuou.sly  grauulateil  (under  lens).  —  Clm/loniu  x/xilhulnla, 
Dougl.  iu  Hook.  Fl.  Hor.-Am.  i.  226,  t.  74;  'i'orr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  2(M) ;  (ireene,  Fl.  Fraucin. 
179.  (.'.  perfolititn,  var.  siutthnldta,  Torr.  ace.  to  Hrew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  ("alif.  i.  75.  «'.  fXKjwi, 
Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  ii  433,  iu  great  part.  —Open  and  subsaline  ground,  Brit.  Columbia  to  S. 
Utah  and  8.  California;  first  coll.  by  Domjlus. 

Var.*  exigua,  Roiuxson,  u.  comb.  Kven  the  cauliue  leaves  narrowly  oblong,  linear 
or  when  fresh  terete  (half  inch  to  2  inches  long),  little  or  not  at  all  dilated  or  connate  at 
base,  sometimes  connate  on  one  side:  petals  usually  ro.se-color:  jia.sses  variously  into  the 
other  form.  —  ^f.  Uunifolia,  Howell,  1.  c.  C/<»///"*'m  pj-i//i"i,  Torr.  &  (iniy.  Fl  i.  2()0  ;  (imy, 
ri.  Fendl.  14  (a  lax  and  dubious  seemingly  thiuner-leaved  form).  C.  Unui/olia,  Torr.  & 
Gray,  1.  c.  201  ;  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  344.  V.  nfxitltnlutu,  var.  temiifuliu,  (Jray,  I'roc. 
Am!  Acad.  xxii.  282.  —  Brit.  Columbia  to  borders  of  Idaho  and  Low.r  Calif.,  fintt  coll.  by 
Douglus. 

*  *  Stems  bearing  few  or  .several  pairs  of  opposite  spatulate  loaves,  (il.r..us-PH.ting  from 
lower  nodes,  often  flagelliferous :  seeds  round  reniform,  muriculate  !  Stamens  5.  —  C/.iy 
tonia  §  Alsimistnim,  Torr.  &  Ciray,  Fl.  i.  201  ;  (iray.  Fr.x;.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  2K2. 

M.*  Chamissonis,  Cikkene.  Procumbent,  decumbent,  or  a-scending,  rooting  from  lower 
nodes,  producing  lateral  and  terminal  tiliforni  runners,  which  become  .subterranean  and  liear 
at  apex  a  globose  bulblot  or  cormlet,  thus  perennial :  leaves  .several  pairs,  obloiig-spatulale, 
inch  or  two  long  including  the  tapering  ].etiole-like  ba.se:  inflorescence  racemowdy  1-9- 
flowered,  bractless  except  below  :  pedicels  slender,  recurveil  or  refracted  in  fruit :  jK-tals  pale 
rose-color,  3  lines  long,  thrice  the  length  of  the  calyx:  capsule  small.  1 -:J-seetled  ;  n-^hU 
half  line  long,  densely  granulate-muriculate.  —  Fl.  Francis.  1 80  ( 'layUmia  Chamissoi,  I^<lcb. 
ace.  toSpreug.  Syst.'i.  790.  C.  Clutmissimls,  Eschs.  in  litt.  //</»  Cham.  Linna-a.  vi.  SfiS  (excl. 
note  on  tubers), "probably  the  original  form  of  the  name,  but  n-.l  j.ublished  until  six  y.in 
after  Spreugel's  Svst. ;  Torr.  &  Grav,  Fl.  i.  r,76  ;  Fenzl  iu  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ros.s.  1.  c.  151  ;  Brew  4 
Wats.  1.  c.  76.  C.  stolonifern,  C.  A.  Meyer,  Mem.  Soc,  Nat.  Mosc.  vii.  139,  1.3  (1J»29). 
C.  aqnatica,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Cray,  Fl.  i.  201.  — Wet  or  mos.sy  Imnk.s,  Ahmkan  Isl.-ind^ 
and  Brit.  Columbia,  to  m<mntains  of  California  a.s  far  south  as  those  of  Sau  lk>rnaniii;o. 
Arizona,  and  S.  Colorado. 

*  *  *  Stems  .slender,  bearing  numerous  small  alternate  leaves,  often  .-«armentoso,spn«adinR 
or  decumbent,  and  producing  axillary  bulblet-like  pn.pagula,  api«mMitly  also  ,*rfnnial 
by  fibrous-rooting  jiersi.sting  creeping  iiase  of  .stem:  leaves  very  Hcshy.  —  C/,ijrf,.fii.i 
%  Xiiincrrw,  Torr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  201,  in  part ;  Gray,  PriH?.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  2H3. 

M.*  parvifolia,  GttKKM-,  1.  c  ISl.  Stems  a  span  to  a  f.M)t  long,  diffuse,  nscon.ling  or  m.mo 
reclined  or  procumbent  and  more  or  less  flagelliform,  sometimes  re.luced  to  flliform  naleJ 

1  Eastward  to  the  Bl.ick  HilN,  S.  Dakota.  Ry'lbtr;,.  A  numlH-r  of  inten-Mine.  hut  .pp-renlU 
formal  and  continent  varieties  of  this  and  the  next  species  have  In-en  distributed  by  Mr.  W.N.  Suk.- 
dorf  of  White  Salmon,  Washington. 


276  PORTULACACE.E.  Montia. 

runners :  radical  and  lower  cauliue  leaves  rhombic-obovate,  acutish,  about  half  incli  long, 
contracted  at  base  into  slender  petiole  ;  upper  narrower  and  small  (3  to  2  lines  long),  when 
fresh  subclavate  :  Howers  few  and  racemose  :  jjetals  obovate  or  somewhat  obeordate,  4  or  5 
lines  long,  very  much  surpassing  tlie  rounded  sepals,  rose-color,  varying  to  white.  —  Clay- 
tonia  parvifolia,  Moc.  Ic.  I'l.  Nootk.  ined.  ace.  to  DC.  Trod.  iii.  361,  &  Caiques  des  Dess. 
t.  383 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  201  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Eot.  Calif,  i.  76.  C.  JilicuuUs,  liook.  V\. 
Bor.-Am.  i.  224,  t.  72.  —  Moist  rocks,  Brit.  Columbia  to  Kocky  Mountains  in  Montana 
northward  to  Juneau,  Alaska,  Miss  Cooley,  and  soutli  in  tlie  ISierra  Nevada  and  Coast  Uange, 
California,  to  the  Yosemite.  The  bulblet-like  jji-opagula  or  offshoots,  borne  in  the  axils  of 
the  cauline  leaves,  are  not  commonly  seen  in  the  liried  specimens.  A  variety  from  M'ash- 
ington,  Suksdor/]  with  obovate  obtuse  chiefly  radical  leaves  and  filiform  branches,  differs 
from  the  next  only  in  its  smaller  flowers  and  less  leafy  stem. 
M.*  flagellaris,  Rohinson,  n.  comb.  Apparently  less  fleshy,  and  with  broadly  ovate  or 
uliovaif  lfa\('s,  the  weak  stems  a  foot  long,  sparingly  branched,  the  branches  apparently 
attenuate  into  a  kind  of  stolon  or  stoloniform  peduncle  :  petals  over  half  inch  long.  —  C/cii/- 
toniaJiii</ellaris,  Bong.  Veg.  Sitch.  137.  "  C.  sarmentosa,  Bong."  in  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
xxii.  283  (by  evident  clerical  error). —  Sitka,  3/ftr<ens.  Perhaps  a  form  of  the  preceding 
growing  in  deep  shade.  Prof.  Macoun  (Cat.  Canad.  PI.  ii.  311,  312)  reports  the  collection 
of  an  identical  or  closely  similar  plant  in  the  bed  of  Eagle  Kiv.,  Brit.  Columbia  (also  called 
"C.  sarmentosa,  Bong."). 

*   *  *   *  Leafv-stemmed  and  alternate-leaved  annuals  :  leaves  not  very  fleshy.  —  Cluy- 

tonia  §  Montiastrum,  Gray,  1.  c. 
■i—  Leaves  broad  and  long-petioled,  in  the  way  of  Stellaria  media :  stamens  5 :  seeds  closely 

lineate  and  the  elevated  lines  closely  and  transversely  lineolate  ! 

M.*  diffusa,  Greene,  1.  c.  A  span  or  two  high,  diffusely  dichotomous,  leafy,  the  weak  stems 
at  flrst  erect :  leaves  broadly  deltoid-ovate  or  uppermost  oblong-ovate,  inch  or  less  long, 
abruptly  contracted  into  a  petiole  of  about  equal  length  (lower  occasionally  opj)Osite)  :  inflo- 
rescence subcymose,  several-flowered  ;  pedicels  slender,  spreading  :  calyx  a  line  or  two  long, 
surpassed  by  the  white  or  pale  rose-colored  petals :  style  long.  —  Clui/tonia  diffusa,  Nntt.  in 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  202  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  76  ;  Gray,  1.  c.  —Low  coniferous 
woods,  Washington  to  Humboldt  Bay,  California,!  Xuttall,  Kellogg  &  Harford,  Suksdorf, 
Howell,  Rattan. 

•i-  -»—  Narrow-leaved  annuals  (lower  nodes  of  the  stem  sometimes  rooting)  with  racemose 

inflorescence  secund  and  pedicels  recurved  after  flowering :  leaves  partly  scarious  and 

clasping  at  insertion  :  stamens  3  :  seeds  lenticular,  thin-edged,  very  smooth  :  petals  (white 

or  tinged  with  rose)  obviously  unequal,  but  narrowed  or  unguiculate  to  distinct  or  more 

or  less  connate  bases. 

M.*  linearis,  Greene,  1.  c.     A  span  or  two  high,  erect  or  soon  diffuse  :  leaves  linear-filiform 

and  fleshy,  inch  or  two  long,  about  a  line  wide  throughout,  or  obscurely  widened  upward  : 

sepals  in  fruit  2  lines  long  or  nearly  so,  rounded  :  seeds  large  (a  line  in  diameter),  very  black 

and  shining. —  Claijtouia  linearis,  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  224,  t.  71  ;  Torr.  &  Gray, 

1.  c. ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.    (excl.  syn.    C.  dirhotoma)  ;  Gray,  1.  c.  —  Moist  ground,   Brit. 

Columbia  to  middle  parts  of  California,  and  east  to  Montana  and  the  Yellowstone;  first  coll. 

by  Douglas. 

M.*  dichotoma,    Howell,  1.  c.  36.     An  inch  or  two  high,  more  diffuse  or  depressed  but 

not  repent,  smaller  in  all  parts  :  leaves  similar  but  smaller,  linear  or  nearly  so :  racemes 

terminal,  rather  dense,  and  numerou.sly  flowered :  sepals  in  fruit  only  a  line  long :  seeds 

half  or  third  of  a  line  in  diameter,  somewhat  shining  or  rather  dull  at  maturity.  —  Clai/- 

tonia  dichotoma,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  202.     C.  spathulata.  Hook.  Jour.  Bot.  vi.  230, 

not  Dougl.  —  Low  grounds  on  the  Oregon  Kiver  and  its  lower  tributaries,  and  borders  of 

California;  first  coll.  by  Nutlall. 

M.*  Ho"Wellii,  Watson.    Similar  in  habit,  but  still  more  dwarf,  rooting  at  the  lower  nodes  : 

leaves  spatulate  :  inflorescences  several,  few-flowered,  axillary,  subtended  by  ovate  scale-like 

1  Abundant  at  Mill  Valley,  Tanialpais,  Calif.,  >/e  T.  S.  &  K.  Brandegee. 


Spruyuea.  !'<  (HTII.AC  A(  K.K.  •>'- 

bracts  (or  short  li-avea  with  broad  Hcarious  baj»ci»)  .ipjx.Hitc  the  foliar  It-av.* :  iiftah.  \er\ 
variiil.lf,  soiiRaiiiR-.-s  uppareutly  abMiit:  wfil«  vt-rv  i*iihh>iIi  uikI  hhii.iiin.  —  I'^a.-.  Am.  Ari».i 
xviii.  191  ;  Howell,  1.  f.  Cla,/ii„„ii  ,l„l,ol<>ma,  (iniv ,  I.  c-.  2M,  in  jjart ;  .Muruuii,  Cnl.  Caiiail. 
ri.  i.  8.J.  — <)re-,'oii,  Willaiiu-ttu  ViiUey,  Uowtil,  t'oluinl»iu  Co.,  SuLtdorf;  viciuitv  ut  Vic- 
toria, Brit.  Columbia,  Marunn,  iu>.  34. 

♦  ♦  *  »  *  Leaf>-.stemiiu'(l  opjx.sito-leaved  Mpeiies  (annual  or  nearly  lo) :  ]M-tmU  •nuill. 
white,  unetjual.  i..iinate  at  the  biwu  into  a  Kanioi>elalouj*  lon.lla,  which  in  itplit  down  one 
side. — MunUa  proper. 

M.*  fontana,  L.  Small  and  a.'<eendin^  or  jinM  uinbent  annual,  or  onb|M-rvnnial  bv  rtioting 
from  the  node.s,  especially  in  water  or  very  wet  j)laees,  moderately  ttucculent ;  ntcniJi  an  inch 
to  a  span  or  when  tloatinj^  even  a  foot  lonj:; :  leaves  ojipoidte,  from  olHtvute-  to  linear  i>|>atu- 
late,  from  a  tenth  to  half  an  inch  lon^  including  the  petiole-like  base,  in  up|Mrni<wt  pairo  one 
often  re<lucetl  to  a  scarious  vestij^e  or  bract  :  inllorescence  terminal  or  lateral  Iim.iu  h  few- 
several-tlowered  :  calyx  and  globo.se  cajtsule  barely  a  line  long:  corolla  white,  little  ^nr|ulM- 
sing  the  calyx.  —  Spec.  i.  87;  ]"1.  Dan.  t.  1.31,  l'J2C.  Two  forms  as  to  seeds,  not  cbarly 
distinguishable  otherwise,  viz.:  1.  Seeds  not  shining,  thickly  muriculate  in  cIom-  lines: 
J/,  minor,  Gmel.  l-l.   Had.  i.  Wl.     2.    Seeds  more  or  le.ss  shining,  are«ilate-tul«'nMilate.  the 

tubercules  being  in  various  degrees  flattened  and  si »thed  :  M.  rinilan's,  (Jmel.  1.  c  M'J,  & 

M.  Idiiijirosperma,  Cham.  Linn;ea,  vi.  505,  t.  7,  f.  2,  seed.  —  Wet  places  and  running  w:tt4-r, 
Newfoundland,  Labrador  ((ireenlaud).  New  Brunswick,  Lower  Canada,  and  on  islands  near 
Mt.  Desert,  Maine,  (Jreat  Cranberry  Isle,  /.'</»</,  (ireat  Duck  I.sland,  lixlfuld;  to  Alaskan 
Islands  and  Brit.  Columbia,  the  smoother-.seeded  form  ;  al.so  Oregon  ami  California.  ni>»stly 
the  rough-seeded  or  typical  species.  From  the  latter  form  the  ini|K'rfectly  chanu-terizcd 
Vhtytonhi  JIullii,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  28.3  {('.  C/i(tmiiisoiii's,  var.  tmerrima,  (Jray, 
1.  c.  viii.  378,  and  probably  Moutia  Ilallii,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  180),  is  not  to  \hs  distioguishiil 
even  by  coroUar  characters.     (Most  cool  aud  temperate  parts  of  the  world.) 

8.  SPRAGUEA,  Torr.  (Isaac  Sprague,  iiiiiiiit;ible  hoUniical  ilrau-rlitsinaii, 
illustrator  of  this  and  of  very  many  other  genera,  among  tlu-m  tho.st-  of  the 
Genera  Am.  Bor.  Or.  Illu.strata.  )  —  PI.  Frem.  in  Smiths.  Contrih.  vi.  4,  t.  1.  ic 
Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  37;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  5143.  —  Single  genuine  B|K-cieB, 
almost  too  near  the  following  genus,  hut  may  be  retained. 

S.  umbellata,  Tour.  1.  c.  Winter-annual  or  biennial  with  a  tap-root,  or  p<-nnnial.  gla- 
brous, with  fleshy  spatulate  leaves,  either  all  rosulate-clustered  at  the  crown  antl  sc:i|h'  (2  to 
8  inches  high)  naked  or  nearly  so,  or  with  few  to  several  similar  but  smaller  waHen-d 
cauline  leaves:  inflorescence  usually  uuiliellate-cymoso,  at  first  cajiitate  glomerate,  at  length 
5-1.3-radiate  (usually  from  a  short  scarious  involucre)  into  imbricately  densely  fli.wen-«| 
simple  or  forking  scorpioid  cyme-branches,  or  with  these  scjittered  ;  flowers  sub.M-.Nsile, 
some  .scarious  bracteate :  scarious  .sep:ils  dull  white  or  rose-tinged,  in  age  3  to  5  lines  in 
diameter,  in  anthesis  equalling  the  ro.se  or  i.urjde  or  whitish  (ephemeral  but  man-es«ent) 
petals:  .stamens  two  opposite  petals  and  the  third  .alternnte:  the.se  and  the  style  ex.M-rtcl. — 
S.  panicnlata,  Kellogg.>  IVoc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  187.  f.  50;  Curnm.  Bull.  Calif.  Aci.l  .<.  i. 
i.  132,  also  N.  umUlliilti,  var.  moutunn,  M.  K.  Jones.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  ix.  31,  are  mere  U>nun. 
the  latter  .sometimes with  alternate  flowering  branches  l.iwdown  on  thes.ape.  Cnh.i.todum 
umbdiiitum  &  C.  pnniruldtum,  Green.',  Bull.  T..rr.Club,  xiii.  144  (|«-tals  marce.H<-.-nt-.-..nni»cnl 
around  ovarv  and  lower  part  of  exserted  style,  not  carried  up  on  enlarging  .apsnlel.  C.  n„. 
dum,  (ireene,  I'ittonia.  i.  64-— Sierra  Nev.-nla  and  Ciu^cade  .Mountains,  from  the  V.Diemite 
to  borders  of  Brit.  Cdumbia,  an<l  Nevaila  to  N.  W.  Wyoming  ;  in  alpine  luid  suUlpinB 
stations  (juasi-iK-reniiiiil,  but  flowering  only  once  ;  on  saml-wjuihes  of  streams  at  lower  le»eU 

1  Tlie  suppose.]  difTcrence  in  the  fonn  of  the  see.ls,  .idduciNl  by  California  l>ot«ni»tji  for  the  *e\<%n- 
tion  of  this  species  from  N.  iimMlata,  rests  upon  a  niis.ipprehi-nsion,  as  the  aeedn  of  the  typical  A  mm- 
bfl/'iln  are  .pnte  as  reiiifonn  as  those  of  "  N.  iHiuinilata."  »      . 

2  A.ldsyn.  S.  nuda,  Howell,  Erythen.  i.  :«».  iCali/ptridium  HumafpermHm ,  Orvenc,  Errthea.  ill. 
63,  chiefly  distinguished  by  its  "  l-seetletl"  capsules. 


278  PORTULACACE^  Calyptridium. 

"Towins  as  an  armnal  or  biennial;  first  cc>lL  bv  Fr/mont.     The  most  marked  snbalpine 
form  is 

Var.  caudicifera.  Gray.  Branching  from  the  crown,  the  candex-like  branches 
exten-iing  for  a  year  or  more,  and  the  leaves  below  dying  away,  at  leogth  the  rvwnlate  tnfts 
terminated  by  soliiary  naked  scapes  of  an  inch  or  two  in  length  bearing  the  globular  glom- 
erate inflorescence :  tap-root  probably  not  perennial :  leaves  short  and  small  —  Gray  in 
Panerson,  Check-list  X.  Am  PL  ^1S92)  14.^  —  High  moontains,  from  C^regon  and  Washing- 
ton to  Wyoming. 

9.  CALiYPTRlDIUM.  Xutt.  (A  kind  of  dimiiiutive  of  (coXiVrpo,  a  cov- 
eriiii:  or  calypire.  Gt-nus  said  to  have  "  petals  united  into  a  minute  diaphanous 
conical  corolla,  slightly  3-tooihed  at  apex,  soon  detached  from  the  base  and  car- 
ried upon  the  summit  of  the  elongated  capsule."  But,  in  fact,  the  petals  are  quite 
distinct,  and  they  close  over  each  other  and  over  the  pistil  after  the  ephemeral 
anthesis.  and  are  carried  up  as  aforesaid,  just  as  they  :ire  in  Claytonia  and  most 
other  Portulacacece .')  —  Low  or  depressed  and  succulent  winter  annuals  (of  W. 
Xorth  America),  branched  from  the  base,  with  alternate  spatulate  leaves,  and 
mostlv  secund  insignilicant  flowers  with  very  small  (white  i  petals,  but  accrescent 
and  more  or  less  colored  and  scarious  calyx.  —  Nuti.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  FL  L  198 
(excl.  svn.  Talinum  monandrum.  which  is  Monocosmt'a,  Fen2L  with  inaccrescent 
calyx  enclosing  utricular  fruit  > ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  L  159  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King 
Exp.  U ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot,  Calif.  L  78  ;  Gray,  Proe.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  284,  with 
new  character. 

*  Petals  4  :  stamens  in  the  same  species  1 ,  2,  or  3,  when  solitary  opposite  a  petal :  capsule 
little  or  not  at  all  surpassing  the  fructiferous  calyx:  seeds  acme-margined.  Coimects 
with  Sprcu^ea .' 

C.  quadripetaltim,  Watsos.  a  span  high  :  leaves  oblong-spamlate.  the  larger  2  inches 
k-nj  including  tapering  base  and  petiole :  dowers'  crowded  as  if  imbricate-J  in  a  naked  and 
fecund  scorpioid-spiciforra  inflorescence :  sepals  r^und-reniform.  plane,  at  marunry  fully  3 
lines  in  diameter,  white-scaiious  and  rose-tinged  with  greenish  centre :  petals  comparatively 
large  :  style  very  short :  capsule  oblong-oval,  10-20-seeded,  not  surpassing  the  fmctifen.>us 
sepals.  —  Proc-  Am.  Aca<l.  sx.  356.-  —  Lake  Co.,  California,  Torre y  .  1 S65 ) ;  and  along  head- 
warers  of  Eel  River,  in  same  county.  Rattan  •1SS4)-'     Has  the  sepals  of  Sprapmea. 

C.  Parryi,  Gray.  Depressed.  smaU-leaved :  leaves  (only  haK  inch  long)  spaxnlate  or  the 
rceulate  radical  ones  cuneate-obovate  with  long  tapering  base :  spikes  in  age  secund  and 
scorpioid.  but  often  with  short  few-flowered  clusters  :  fructiferous  sepals  orbicular  or  oval, 
not  emarginate  at  base,  less  complanate.  herbace'sus  with  narrow  white  mai^n.  one  or  two 
lines  Ion?,  a  little  shorter  than  the  oblons  capsule  :  style  half  the  length  of  the  ovoid  ovary. 
—  I'roc.  Am.  Acad,  xxii.  2S5-  —  Mountains  of  San  Bernardino  Co.,  California,  in  Bear 
Valley,  Parry  (lST6,distrib.  as  C.  rosfum,  var.  robustrnm).  Parisi.  1SS5. 

*  *  Petals  2  or  3 :  stamen  one,  alternate  with  the  petals :  sepals  moderately  accrescent, 
green-herbaceous  with  scarious  margin:  seeds  more  turgid,  obtuse-edged:  inflorescence 
looser  and  more  paniculate,  the  short  dusters  hardly  scorpioid :  leaves  spatulate  with 
long  tapering  base,  the  larger  inch  or  more  long. 

C.  rosetun,  Watsox.  An  inch  to  a  span  high,  diffuse :  sepals  orbicular,  plane,  becoming 
2  or  3  lines  in  diameter,  the  broad  scarious  margin  white  or  tinged  with  rose  :  petals  only 
2  and  small :  style  very  short.  2-parted  and  with  subcapitate  stigmas :  capsule  ovate-oblung, 
not  surpassing  the  calyx,  6-12-*eded.  — Bot.  King  Exp.  44,  t.  6.  f.  6-S :  Brew,  t  Wats. 

1  Add  sjTi.  &  multicfps,  HoweE,  Erythea.  L  -59.  As  striking  as  the  eitreme  form  of  this  vajietr 
may  be,  it  appears  to  pass  by  slight  gradations  into  the  typical  form  of  the  species. 

*  AHd  svn.  C.  tetrapetalam,  Greene.  FL  Francis.  182." 
«  Also  in  Sonoma  Co.,  ace.  to  Greene. 


Tamarix.  '1  AM  AUlSt  INK.K.  'J7'. 

Bot  Calif,  i.  78.  —Dry  dintricU,  eauteru  iM.rtltTi  of  Califomia  jukI  a<ij»r<>nt  NVrada  (whcrf 
first  oil.  by  Tunry,  I»65)  to  K.  ()r»?gou  auU  Wyoming,  in  very  <lr|«iuijpr»i«  U>rm,  ftr»t  roll. 

f.y  l\irrfi. 

C.  monandrum,  Nitt.     I)«|ir»-.H.Ho<l  or  n|irea«linK  irtciiu  ■  njKiii     r  •■'  !«n;:     «ff.als  nn'v  a 
liiii- lung,  narrow -inargiue*!,  littU- :i«vrf?*««-iit :   {MiaN  inort-  ...n.: 
style  vtry  short,  uiiiiiviiled  :  i-a|>.Hul(>  linewr,  U>«oiniuj;  iiiinh  • 
iu  Torr.  Jc  (Jr.iy,  Fl.  i.  l"Jt<  (fxcl.  tli.-.loiil.tful  nyn.)  ;  (,my.  »..!    . 

Bot.  Calif,  i.  Ts  — S.  California  on  tin-  coajit,  from  San  Uiegu  (where  nrrt  cuU.  bj  AmmK| 
to  Los  Augeles,'  aud  to  W.  Arizoua. 


Ordei:    XXI.    I  .\.M.\i:is(  INK.i:. 

1{Y     15.     L.     U..11IN^..N. 

Trees,  shrubs,  or  rarely  perennial  herbs,  with  altirnate  entire  thi<ki-h  <.ft«-n 
small  aud  scale-like  exstipulate  leaves  ami  n-gular  pt-rfeet  or  mrt-lv  dici-rioun 
flowers.  Sepals  4  to  5,  free  nearly  or  quite  to  the  bxse  and  imbricntt^^I.  IVtaU 
of  equal  numl)er,  free  or  connate  into  a  gaino|H'Lalou8  4-5-lobtHl  corolla,  inM-rti-*! 
beneath  and  outside  of  a  hyjKJgynous  or  nearly  hyjK)i:ynous  disk.  Sianuns  4  or 
5  to  X  ;  filaments  free  or  connate  at  the  base  or  ranly  unittil  into  a  tuU-  for  iui»sl 
of  their  length  ;  anthers  oblong,  bilcK-ular,  intrnr.sf,  oft«*n  ap|MMi»lage<l  at  the  a|«tx. 
Ovary  single,  free,  unilocular  ;  car|>els.  parieL:d  placcnUi-,  and  fne  .sty  l«>  or  hti^rnia- 
lobes  3  or  4  each  ;  few  or  numerous  erect  ovules  aualro|)ou»  with  ventral  rhaphr. 
Friiit  capsular  ;  valves  as  many  as  the  styles  ;  seetls  few  to  many.  oft«-n  prt>- 
vided  with  a  hairy  appendage  or  less  frequently  wingeil ;  end»ryo  straight  : 
albumen  often  scanty  or  none.  —  A  small  but  com|K)site  onler,  reprf»ent»-<l  iu  our 
limits  only  by  the  sparingly  naturalized  Tamarix  of  cultivation  and  the  anoma- 
lous genus  Foiiquiena,  which  shows  almost  equal  aHinity  to  CrattuUtcfte. 

1.  TAMARIX.  Sepals  4  to  6.  Petals  free  ii#arly  or  quite  to  the  Imwc.  Stamenii  4  to  12. 
distinct  or  nearly  so.  Ovary  ovate-attonuate,  with  3  to  5  short  thickUh  styleft.  rUceut* 
niulti-<nulatf.  es-^entially  l>asal.     Leaves  very  small  and  scale-like. 

2.  FOUQUIERIA.  .'sepals  5,  une<iiial.  Petals  united  into  a  tubular  gamop^taloan  Vlolicl 
corolla.  Stamens  10,  15,  or  x  ,  f ree  or  nearly  so.  Ovary  ovoid,  not  attenuate;  uttlr*  .1. 
slender,  free  or  united  ;  placenta?  parietal,  extending  the  whole  lengtli  of  the  ovary  aud 
more  or  less  intruded  .x«  partial  septa.     Ix'aves  Heshy,  oliovate.     Flowers  »howy. 

1.  TAMARIX.  L.  Tam.\risk.  (Classical  I^atin  n.ime.)  —  (;tn.  no.  240; 
Le<leb.  Ic.  t.  2.'<;i  •ia4,  2:.r, ;  Bungo,  Tent.  Monog.  Tamar.  ;  Ii«-nth.  &  Ho».k. 
Gen.  i.  IGO;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  ix.  244:  Nitnlenzu  in  Kngl.  &  Pnintl.  Nat.  THau- 
zenf.  iii.  Ab.  6,  21>.{.  —  Asiatic  and  Me<literranean  ornamental  (.hrul»  aud  trf*"* 
with  slender  scaly  branchlet.s  and  spicate  white  or  roseate  flowers  t»f  Miiall  »i/o, 
A  single  species  often  cultivated  for  ornament  is  sjwringly  and  hx-ally  c»tablubcd 
in  America. 

T.  O.tLi.iCA,  L.     Cilabnmg:  stems  and  flexnons  branches  purplish  bn>w -      '-k** 

leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  sulM-arinate.  m-mi-amplrxicau).  jwU-  grwn 
half  line  in  length,  at  first  cl<*«ly  imbricated,  Liter  M'.Mten-il  ;  ii|» 

»  Northward  to  the  .S*n  lUfa.l  Mt»..  Santa  lUrbara  Co  ,  ford. 


280  TAMARISCIXE.E.  Fouquieria. 

cvliudrical,  flexuous,  rather  blunt,  terminal  on  the  short  racemosely  arranged  upper  branch- 
lets  :  flowers  small,  numerous :  petals  oblong,  about  a  line  in  lengtii,  white,  creain-colur,  or 
purplish  tinged :  anthers  yellow  or  purple.  —  Spec.  i.  270;  Sibth.  Fl.  Gr.  t.  291  ;  Buuge,  I.  c. 
61 .  _  A  beautiful  shrub  fretjuent  in  cultivation  and  tending  to  escape  in  the  Southern  States ; 
permanently  established  on  James  Island,  near  Charleston,  S.  Car.,  C.  E.  Smith  :  also  nat- 
uralized in  S,  and  W.  Texas,  Joor,  Heller,  &c. ;  ti.  spring  and  early  summer.  (Introd.  from 
the  Mediterranean  Region.) 

2.  FOUQUIl^IlIA,  IIBK.  Candlewood.  (Dedicated  to  Pierre  Ed- 
ouard  Foityut'rr,  professor  of  metiicine  at  Paris  during  the  rirst  part  of  the  present 
century.)  —  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  vi.  81,  t.  527  ;  Niedenzu,  1.  c.  298.  Fouquiera, 
Spreng.  Syst.  ii.  568;  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  349;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  161 ;  Buill. 
1.  c.  241.  Bronnia,  HBK.  1.  c.  83,  t.  528.  Philetceria,  Liebm.  Philet.  en  ny 
anomal  slagt.  5,  t.  1,  &  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skrivt.  ser.  5,  ii.  283.  Idria,  Kellogg,  Proc. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  34.  —  Armed  shrubs  or  small  trees  (nearly  or  quite  leafless 
during  drought)  with  terminal  racemes  or  panicles  of  showy  flowers.  Leaves  of 
the  primary  shoots  and  developed  branches  soon  deciduous,  leaving  only  the  in- 
durated outer  or  ventral  portions  of  the  petioles  as  phyllodial  thorns  (Engelm. 
Bot.  Gaz.  viii.  338)  in  the  axils  of  which  the  more  or  less  succulent  foliar  leaves 
are  fascicled.  Anomalous  genus,  of  four  species,  chiefly  Mexican  and  Lower 
Californian. 

F.  splendens,  Engelm.  (Coach-whip.)  A  shrub,  6  to  10  or  even  20  feet  high,  branching 
near  the  base  :  long  branches  gray,  deeply  furrowed  between  the  decurrent  bases  of  tiie 
slender  spreading  spines :  leaves  obovate,  rounded  at  the  apex,  cuneate  at  the  base,  1-nerved, 
lialf  inch  to  inch  in  length:  inflorescence  racemose,  thyrsoid,  elongated,  often  branched 
from  the  base,  rather  dense  ;  pedicels  short :  sepals  rounded,  subscarious,  3  lines  in  diameter : 
tubular  corolla  bright  scarlet,  over  an  inch  in  length,  with  spreading  or  recurved  obtuse 
lobes:  stamens  8  to  12,  exserted  :  capsules  6  to  8  lines  in  length,  with  3  or  4  lance-oblong 
coriaceous  valves  ;  seeds  white,  lance-oblong,  with  long  fringe  of  sjiirally  tliickened  hairs.  — 
Engelm.  in  Wisliz.  Tour.  98,  113  ;  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  76,  ii.  63  ;  Torr.  in  Sitgr.  Rep.  165, 
&  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  148  ;  Am.  Gard.  xiii.  759,  with  fig.  F.  spinosa,  Torr.  in  Emory,  Rep. 
147,  t.  8,  not  HBK. —  Rocky  hillsides,  W.  Texas  to  Arizona  and  S.  California.  (Mex., 
Lower  Calif.)  Often  cultivated  by  the  Mexicans  to  make  impenetrable  hedges. 
F.  spin6sa,  HBK.  1.  c.  iii.  452  (Bronnia  spinosa,  HBK.  1.  c.  vi.  83,  t.  528),  of  Northern 
Mexico,  may  be  expected  on  our  southwestern  frontier.  It  has  a  trunk  simple  below,  and  may 
be  readily  distinguished  from  the  foregoing  by  its  broad  and  open  inflorescence  (the  slender 
pedicels  being  6  to  12  lines  in  length). 


Order    XXIL    ELATINACEJS. 

By  a.  Gray. 

Low  and  bland  herbs  ;  with  opposite  or  sometimes  verticillate  simple  dotless 
leaves  with  stipules  between  them ;  small  hermaphrodite  and  completely  isome- 
rous  regular  flowers  usually  solitary  in  their  axils  ;  hypogynous  sepals  and  petals 
imbricated  in  the  bud,  these  persistent  or  marcescent ;  short  stamens  as  many  or 
twice  as  many  as  the  petals  and  when  of  equal  number  alternate  with  them ; 
ovary  with  as  many  cells  as  sepals  ;  axile  placentation ;  distinct  introrsely  stig- 
matose  styles  or  sessile  stigmas ;  indefinite  anatropous  ovules  ;  capsular  fruit,  the 


Elatine.  KLATIN'ACK.K.  281 

valves  alternate  with  the  disseiiimeiits  ;  and  oliiong  straiglit  or  curved  fce«-d8,  the 
crustaceous  testa  Jilh-d  or  nearly  so  by  the  cylindraceous  embryo  ;  the  cotyledons 
short  and  thick.     Only  two  genera. 

1.  ELATINE.  Flowers  2-4-iiiit()Uh.  S.-pals  iiicinl.raiiaieolierlMUwiUH,  obtu*e.  without 
midrib.  Capsule  globusc,  iiiembraiiace.m.s.  Mostly  a.juatic  aiitiualM  or  sub-pereiiuiab., 
glabrous. 

2.  BERGIA.  Flowers  S-merous.  Sipals  iHjiiited  or  acute,  with  thirki-mvl  mi<lrib  and 
scarious  niargius.     Capsule  ovoid,  of  lirni  texture.     Terrestrial,  (mjiiib  hufTnitfiMont,  u*ually 

l)uln'steiit. 

1.  ELATlNE,  L.  Watkkwokt.  (OM  (^-.-ik  and  Latin  name  for  Home 
herb,  from  iXdrt],  a  lir-tree,  absurdly  applied  by  J.inna-us  to  this  j,'»-nuH  because  a 
whorled-leaved  species  had  been  named  Po(uniopi(fit/s.  i.  e.  Kiver  Pine.)  —  Afjuatic 
and  subaciuatic  annuals  or  sub-perennials  by  rooting  from  the  nodes  ;  ours  all 
depressed  little  plants,  an  inch  or  two  high,  mostly  creeping  by  rooting  from  the 
nodes,  occurring  both  in  aquatic  and  terrestrial  forms ;  with  small  fhtwers  in  the 
axils  of  the  entire  leaves,  when  under  water  not  rarely  fertilized  without  oi>eriihg; 
fl.  summer.  —  Gen.  no.  335;  Seubert,  Monogr.  in  Nov.  Act.  Nat.  Cur.  xxi.  3H  ; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  162  ;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiii.  301. 

§  1.  CRi'PTA,  Seubert,  I.e.  Flowers  2-3-merous,  2-3-androu8 :  thin  capsule 
often  bursting  irregularly,  the  delicate  portions  evanescent  or  fragile;  seeds 
slightly  curved :  leaves  simply  opposite,  in  ours  se.ssile  or  sid>sessile  and  the 
flowers  sessile. —  Crypta,  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  i.  117  (§  Cnjjita,  Grav, 
Gen.   111.  i.  220),  answers  to  this  section  more  extended. 

E.  triandra,  Schk.  Leaves  oblanceolate  or  nearly  lanceolate  with  frradually  tapering  Ijaw: 
petals  and  stamens  commonly  3,  but  sepals  often  only  2:  seeds  ascending  over  tlic  whole 
thickened  axis  of  the  capsule,  more  .slender  than  those  of  tlie  foUowing.  —  liamlb.  i.  Mb,  t. 
109^  f.  2;  Seubert,  1.  c.  t.  2,  f.  1-8;  Gray,  Troc.  Am.  Acad.  xiii.  361,  362.  —  I'onds,  Illinuiii 
and  Nebraska,  E.  Hall;  Yellowstone  Lake,  Tweedy.  Rare  iu  Amer.,  widely  distributed  in 
Old  World. 

E.  Americana,  Arn.  Leaves  obovate,  very  obtuse  (1  to  3  lines  long) :  flowers  2  meroiui 
or  occasionally  G-merons  throughout,  in  aquatic  form  rarely  opening  and  the  ovules  an<i 
seeds  mainly  basilar,  in  terre.strial  form  flowers  expanding  and  witli  larg.r  rosentdorcd 
petals,  the  seeds  more  axile ;  these  cylindraceous,  a  tliird  line  long,  slightly  curved,  clathrati«- 
sculptured  with  9  or  10  longitudinal  lines  and  20  to  .30  cros»-l)ars.  —  Kdinlt.  Jour.  X.it.  &. 
Geogr.  Sci.  i.  431  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  203 ;  Gray.  Gen.  III.  i.  220,  t.  9.5,  &  Proc.  Am.  Arnd. 
1.  c.  E.  minima,  Fisch.  &  Mey.  Linnaea.  x.  73;  Seubert,  1.  c.  t.  2.  f.  9.  10.  E.  Clintoniana, 
Peck,  Rep.  Reg.  Univ.  N.  Y.  xxii.  .')2.  terrestrial  form.  P>i>lis  Aiiiericuna,  I'ursh.  Fl.  i.  2.38. 
Cryptn  minima,  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  i.  117.  t.  6.  f.  1,  &  Gen.  App.;  T-rr.  Fl.  N.  & 
Midd.  States,  i.  32.  ?  Lei>lrln<i  antumnnlis,  Haf.  Jour.  Phys.  Ixxxix.  96  (|s|'.t).  —  In  mud 
and  shallow  water,  New  England  >  to  Virginia  and  Hrit.  Columbia,  along  the  Kooky  Moun- 
tains to  Colorado  and  the  Sierra  Nev.ida  to  S.  California.     (Mex.,  Austral..  K.  Ind..  &c.) 

E.  brachysperma,  Gn.w.  Leaves  oblong  or  oval  with  narrowed  b.-uie :  flowen*  mostly 
2-ni(Tons:  s.'fds  short-oblong,  straightish.  barely  (piarter  line  long.  s<ulpture<l  in  6  or  7 
longitn.linal  lines  with  10  or  12  cross-bars.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  I  c. ;  \V.-»L-..  Hot.  Calif, 
ii.  436.  —  Illinois  an.!  Tcxjis.  I/<ilt,  IhU,,  &c.,  to  Ari/.ona,  l.imvum,  and  coaj«t  ■'  of  Califoniia, 
Anderson,  Orcutt :  chiefly  terrcjitrial. 

J  Also  northward  into  Brit.  Amrrica  from  Tadousar.  Dr.  G.  (1.  K<nnt,ly,  ami  Hull.  Qurl»c. 
Macoun,  to  Vancniivrr  Isl..   Marnun. 

2  Also  on  pliiin-  in  ilu-  intpriorof  the  state,  ace.  to  C.rccnc,  Kl.  Francis.  IM.  Add  mh.  .b«ii.7*f.  ii«i 
brachyspermum,  Greene,  Man.  Hay-Reg.  62. 


282  ELATIXACE.E.  Elatine. 

§  2.  Elatinella,  Seubert,  1.  c.  46.  Flowers  4-merous  and  8-androus,  very 
rarely  3-merous  and  6-androus  :  capsule  firmer,  septifragal. 

E.  Californica,  Gray.  Leaves  obovate  or  spatulate  with  tapering  base,  lower  ones  dis- 
tinctly jietiolod:  flowers  short-peduueled,  expanding:  petals  white:  seeds  curved  into  a 
hook  or  partial  ring  (as  in  E.  Jlydropiper),  a  third  line  long,  sculptured  with  10  or  12  longi- 
tudinal and  numerous  transverse  lines.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiii.  361,  364;  Wats.  1.  c. — 
Sierra  Valley,  E.  California,!  Lemmon;  Spokane  Co.,  Washington,  Suksdorf. 
2.  B^RG-IA,  L.  (Peter  Jonas  Bercjius,  Swedish  botanist  of  the  18th  cen- 
tury.)   Mant.  ii.  152.  —  Tropical  and  subtropical  genus.     Dehiscence  generally 

septicidal.     But  in  the  N.  American  species, 

§  Bergella,  with  dehiscence  septifragal,  the  firm  portions  remaining  attached 
to  the  placentiferous  axis.  Habit  of  B.  ammamoides,  &c.  —  Elatine,  subg. 
Berf/ella,  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  219,  t.  96.     Bergella,  Schnizl.  Ic.  t.  219. 

B.  Texana,  Setbert.  Annual  herb,  a  span  to  a  foot  high,  branched  from  the  base,  puberu- 
lent :  stems  glandular-pubescent,  very  leafy  :  leaves  obovate-oblong  or  spatulate  witii  taper- 
ing base,  an  inch  or  half  inch  long,  veiny,  serrulate :  flowers  fascicled  in  the  axils, 
short-pedicelled :  sepals  almost  2  lines  long,  acuminate,  equalling  the  white  or  whitish 
petals:  stamens  either  5  or  10:  seeds  oblong,  a  little  curved,  obscurely  clathrate-reticnlate 
under  a  lens.  —  Seubert  in  Walp.  Kep.  i.  285 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  80.  By  error 
"  B.  Americana,  Seubert,"  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  45;  Gray  in  Hall,  Bl.  Tex.  5.  Merlmea 
iTe.rana,  Hook.  Ic.  t.  278.  Elatine  Texana,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  678;  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt. 
2,  187,  &  Gen.  111.  (subg.  Ben/ella)  1.  c.  Bergella  Texana,  Schnizl.  1.  c  — Sandy  banks  of 
streams,  W.  Texas  (first  coll.  by  Wriijht)  and  Arkansas ;  ^  also  W.  Nevada,  various  parts  of 
California,  and  ou  the  Columbia  River;  apparently  a  recently  dispersed  weed. 


Order  XXIII.     HYPERICACE^. 
By  J.  M.  Coulter, 

Herbs  or  shrubs  with  opposite  entire  leaves  dotted  with  pellucid  spots  or  dark 
glands,  and  no  stipules.  Flowers  perfect,  regular,  hypogynous,  solitary  or 
cymose.  Sepals  4  or  5,  imbricated  in  bud,  herbaceous  and  persistent.  Petals 
4  or  5,  mostly  convolute  in  bud,  deciduous,  and  yellow  or  flesh-color.  Stamens 
usually  numerous  and  3-  or  5-adelphous,  occasionally  with  alternating  glands ; 
anthers  2-celled,  longitudinally  dehiscent,  mostly  versatile.  Carpels  2  to  5, 
united  to  form  a  1-celled  or  more  or  less  perfectly  3-5-celled  ovary,  which 
contains  numerous  anatropous  ovules ;  styles  as  many  as  the  carpels,  slender, 
distinct  or  more  or  less  united.  Fruit  (in  ours)  a  septicidal  capsule ;  seeds  exal- 
buminous ;  embryo  usually  straight.  —  A  small  order,  but  represented  in  all 
temperate  and  warmer  regions.  Its  close  relationship  to  Guttiferce  has  suggested 
its  inclusion  in  that  order,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  often  herbaceous  habit, 
comparatively  thin  leaves,  perfect  flowers,  and  filiform  styles. 
1.    ASCYRUM.     Sepals  4,  very  unequal,  the  outer  pair  very  broad,  the  inner  much  smaller. 

Petals  4,  very  deciduous.     Stamens  numerous,  distinct  or  slightly  united  at  base,  with  no 

1  Also  at  Sta.  Monica,  Calif.,  Dr.  Basse,  and  near  Great  Falls,  Montana,  ace.  to  R.  S.  Williams, 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix.  194. 

2  Also  in  Missouri  and  Indian  Territory,  Bush,  and  Kansas,  fide  Hitchcock. 


Asci/rum.  11  VI'KltlCACK.i:.  283 

interposed  glands.     Ovary  strictly  1-collod,  of  2  or  3,  very  rarely  4  <ariK-U;  Htylc«  di»iiurt 

or  united  below  ;  stigmas  not  capitate.     C'ap.sulc  ovoid. 

2.    HYPERICUM.     Sepals  5,>  ai»|(ro.\iinately  e(|ual.     I'eUU  5,  dociduoiw  or  marre«c«nt. 

Stamens  usually  numerous  and  3-  or  .'•.-adel|)lio»s,  with  or  without  iMler|x>»ed  gland*.     Ovary 

of  3  to  5  caij.els,  I -celled  or  more  or  less  completely  3-r)H.elled  ;  ittyle«  3  to  5,  iliBtiiict  or 

united  even  to  tiie  ape.x  ;  stigmas  often  capiute.     Capsule  conical  u>  gIobo«»  or  ohlung. 

1.    ASCYRUM,  L.     St.  Pktku's-wout.     ('Ao-wpor,  used  by  I)ioK«-(m«le» 

for  :i  plant  presumably  of  tbis  orilt-r.)  —  Low  sufTrutirosu  leafy  aixl  Hinootb  plaiiti*, 

vvitb  small  black-dotted  leaves,  and  nearly  solitary  liglit  yellow  flow.rs  on  bibruc- 

teolate  pedicels.     A  genus  of  four  or  five  species,  peculiar  to  K.  Nortb  America, 

tbe   West   Indies,   and   Central  America,   but  represented   in   Asia   by   a   8in;;le 

species  of  tbe  Himalaya  region.     Tbe  propriety  of  a  generic   separation  from 

Ili/pericum  is  very  doubtful.  —  Gen.   no.   G07  ;  Torr.  &,  Gray,  Fl.  i.  I.jC,  r,7l  ; 

Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  211,  t.  91  ;  Bentb.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  164,  exci.  .syn.  hnphyHum  ; 

Coulter,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  79  ;   Eugler  in  Engl.  &  Prantl.  Nat.  Pflanzeiif.  iii.  Ab.  0, 

208,  excl.  syn.  Isophyllum. 

*  Diffuse:  leaves  narrowed  at  base,  not  clasping:  inner  sepals  very  small  or  ob»«jlete: 
petals  about  as  long  as  outer  sepals:   styles  2,  di.stinct  or  united. 

A.  pumilum,  Micux.  Low,  3  to  9  inches  high,  with  spreading  branches  which  are  some- 
what  two  edged  and  winged  above:  leaves  linear-oblong  to  oval,  .sonu-timcs  spatulate  or 
naiTDwly  obovate,  2  to  4  lines  long,  about  a  line  wide:  pedicels  3  to  6  lines  long,  bibractoo- 
late  near  the  base,  becoming  more  or  less  refiexed  :  inner  sepals  obsolete  or  nearlv  so :  nt-tals 
obovate,  little  longer  than  the  ovate  acute  or  obtuse  outer  sepals:  stvles  as  long  as  the 
ovary.  — Fl.  ii.  77;  Torr.  &  (Jr.iy,  Fl.  i.  156.  .1.  pawljlorum,  Nutt.  Cen.  ii.  15;  Choi.<«.  in 
DC.  Prodr.  i.  555.  —  Dry  ground,  Georgia  and  Florida. 

A.  hypericoides,  L.  Taller,  becoming  2  feet  high  or  more,  from  decumbent  an<l  branche<l 
at  base  to  somewliat  erect  and  branched  above:  leaves  oblong,  varying  l»etween  narrowly 
linear  and  narrowly  obovate,  3  to  18  lines  long,  I  to  4  lines  wide,  more  or  less  plainly 
biglandular  at  base:  pedicels  1  to  3  (rarely  reaching  C)  lines  long,  bibractoolate  clos«"  to  the 
flower:  outer  sepals  ovate  or  cordato-ovate,  obtuse  or  acute  ;  inner  sepals  evident,  jtotaloid  : 
petals  linear-oblong  to  narrowly  obovate  :  styles  short  —  Spec.  ii.  788.  ^1.  Crur-Amlmr,  L. 
Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  1107,  and  of  authors.  A.  multiraule,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  77.  —  Damp  ground  and 
banks  of  streams,  or  dry  thickets  and  woodlands  towards  the  south,  from  .M.xssachn.M'tts 
(Nantucket)  to  Florida,  Illinois,  and  Texas,  and  extending  to  the  West  Indies.  Mexico,  and 
Central  America.  Among  the  extreme  soutliern  and  southwestern  forms  then*  apiM-ar 
some  with  unusually  narrow  or  short  leaves,  but  they  cannot  be  se|)anited  even  varietally 
from  the  ordinary  type,  and  the  attempt  to  maintain  two  distinct  spt'cies  seems  nnteiiahle. 
In  any  event,  the  North  American  jdant  should  bear  its  original  Linn.Tan  nanw  as  alwve. 

*  ♦  Erect  and  stouter:  leaves  broader  and  thicker,  more  or  le.«s  d.isping.  inner  .sepals  .*) 
to  6  lines  long,  sometimes  as  long  as  the  outer,  seldom  ])etaloid :  )>otals  mostly  much 
longer  than  the  outer  sepals:  styles  3  (rarely  4),  generally  distinct. 

A.  Stans,  Micux.  Stems  1  to  2  feet  high,  simple  or  branched  nl>ove,  conspicuoucly  twiv 
edged  and  even  winged :  leaves  oblong  to  oval,  varying  to  ol>ovate,  clowly  »<»s.Hil«>  and 
somewhat  clasping,  ^  to  2  inches  long  and  3  to  8  lines  wide:  petlicels  2  to  6  lines  long, 
bibracteolate  near  the  mid<lle :  outer  sepals  ovate  to  orbicular-cordate ;  inner  oiii's  lanc<H>. 
late:  styles  .short.  —  Michx.  in  Willd.  Spec  iii.  1473,  &  Fl.  ii.  77;  Chois.  in  DC.  rnxir  i. 
555;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  157;  Gray.  Gen.  111.  i.  212,  t.  91.  — .'^andy  gronn.l  in  the  Atlanlir 
and  Gulf  States,  fri>ni  New  .Jersey  to  Tex.xs.  The  leaves  vary  widely,  but  the  usual  »iie 
is  about  an  inch  long  and  5  to  6  lines  in  width. 

A.  amplexicatole,  Mimx.  With  the  general  habit  of  .1.  ft.nif .-  learc«  ovat4»-onrilal«>. 
often  broa<lly  so,  clasping,  h.alf  inch  or  more  long  ami  nearly  .is  wide  :  jXHlicels  2  to  6  lin<<« 

1  One  anom.nlous  species  (//.  mirr(^epnlum)  is  4-n)rrnii«. 


284  HYPERICACE.E.  Hypericum. 

long,  with  very  small  bractlets  near  the  base  or  none :  outer  sepals  ovate-cordate,  resembling 
the  leaves;  inner  ones  linear-lanceolate:  styles  al.out  as  lung  as  the  ovary.  —  Fl.  ii.  77; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  157.  A.  Cubense,  Griseb.  Plant.  Cub.  40.  Ili/pericuin  tetrapetalum,  Lam. 
Diet.  iv.  153.  — Low  ground,  Georgia  and  Florida.     (Also  Cuba.) 

2.  HYPERICUM,  Tourn.  St.  John's-wort.  (An  ancient  Greek  name.) 
—  Herbs  or  shrubs,  with  cymose  yellow  or  flesh-colored  flowers,  and  more  or 
less  black-dotted  and  pellucid-punctate  sessile  leaves.  Very  variable  in  size  of 
leaves,  sepals,  and  flowers.  A  genus  of  about  200  species,  widely  distributed 
but  chiefly  in  north  temperate  regions.  In  North  America  almost  exclusively 
restricted  to  the  x\tlantic  region.  — Inst.  254,  t.  131 ;  L.  Gen.  no.  606;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  157,  inch  Elodea  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  213,  t.  92,  93;  Benth.  «&  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  165;  Coulter,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  81,  incl.  Elodea;  Keller  in  Engl.  &  Prantl, 
Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  6,  208.  Sarothra,  L.  Gen.  ed.  6,  no.  383.  Isophijllum, 
Spach,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  v.  367.  Elodea,  Juss.  Gen.  255,  not  Michx. 
Elodes,  Adans.  Fam.  ii.  444.  Triadenum,  Raf.  Med.  Repos.  hex.  2,  y.  352. 
There  are  at  least  thirty-five  additional  generic  synonyms. 

H.  sETdsuM,  L.  Spec.  ii.  787,  H.  elAtum,  Ait.  Kew.  iii.  104,  and  H.  triplinerve. 
Vent.  Hort.  Cels.  t.  58,  all  credited  to  North  America,  should  be  excluded,  since  tho.  first 
proves  to  be  a  complex  founded  upon  descriptive  phrases,  and  the  other  two  are  Old  World 
species.  1 

§  1.  IsoPHYLLUM,  Spach  (as  genus).  Sepals  and  petals  4  (occasionally  5)  : 
stamens  numerous  and  distinct,  with  no  interposed  glands  :  styles  3,  at  first  united 
into  a  long  sharp  beak,  becoming  distinct :  capsule  1-celled,  with  projecting  pla- 
centae :  branching  shrubs,  with  yellow  flowers.  —  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  v.  367. 

H.  micros epalum,  Gray.  Decumbent  or  erect,  half  to  a  foot  high  or  more  :  leaves  very 
small,  oblong-linear  and  obtuse,  3  to  4  lines  lon^  and  hardly  a  line  wide  :  flowers  showy, 
about  an  inch  broad,  clustered  at  the  summits  of  the  branches  :  sepals  slightly  unequal, 
linear  to  oblong,  mostly  obtuse,  much  shorter  than  the  somewhat  unequal  petals  :  capsule 
oblong-ovate,  2  to  3  lines  long  ;  seeds  oblong,  minutely  striate  and  pitted.  —  Gray  in  Wats. 
Bibl.  Index,  456 ;  Coulter,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  82.  Asryrum  microsej)aIum,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
157;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  212;  Chapm.  FT  39.  Isophi/lhm  Drummondn,  Spach,  1.  c.  368. -— 
Georgia  and  Florida.  A  species  distinctly  intermediate  between  Ascip-um  and  Hi/perlcum, 
and  referred  to  either  genus  by  botanists.  Its  association  with  Ascip-iim,  however,  depends 
only  upon  the  usually  4-merous  flowers,  while  in  every  other  feature  it  is  distinctly  a 
Hypericum. 

§  2.  Hypericum  proper.  Sepals  and  petals  5,  the  latter  deciduous  or  marces- 
cent,  convolute  in  aestivation  :  stamens  mostly  numerous,  either  distinct  or  united 
at  the  very  base  into  3  or  5  clusters,  and  with  no  interposed  glands :  styles  3  to  5, 
distinct  or  united;  stigmas  often  capitate:  capsule  1-celled,  or  3-5-celled  :  shrubs 
or  herbs,  with  yellow  flowers. 

*  Stamens  very  numerous,  either  distinct  or  united  into  sets. 
-I—  Styles  5,  united  below,  distinct  above  ;  stigmas  capitate  :  capsule  5-celled  :  tall  perennial 
herbs  with  large  leaves  and  flowers. 
H.  Ascyron,  L.  L^sually  branching  above,  2  to  5  feot  high  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  clasp- 
ing, mostly  acute,  2  to  5  inches  long,  about  an  inch  wide,  pellucid-punctate  with  elongated 
dots:  flowers  1  to  2  inches  broad,  solitary  at  the  ends  of  l)rancbes  and  in  terminal  cymes: 
sepals  lanceolate  to  ovate,  acute,  4  to  6  lines  long  :  capsule  ovoid-conical,  9  lines  long;  seeds 

1  For  fuller  statement  see  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  82. 


Hypericum.  II V  I'lilMfAC'K.K.  285 

terete,  with  a  slightly  winded  rhaphe.  —  Spec.  ii.  78.3;  Maxim.  I'l.  Nor.  Aniat.  iv.  162. 
//.  />i/ntiniil(iliiiii,  Ait.  Kfw.  iii.  |()3;  Torr.  &  iirAV,  VI.  i.  |.'>8.  //.  ,i»r^ro,ih,,  WilM  Sj-h-. 
iii.  1443  ;  Cliois.  iit  DC.  I'roilr.  i.  .')45.  //.  f/i«rr<Kv.r/.«m.  .Miihx.  Fl.  ii.  H2.  —  In  the  Allanlio 
region  as  far  soutii  as  Connecticut  ami  I'enn.Hvlvania,  and  cxUMi.ling  wi-ntwanl  to  .Mimuiuri, 
Minnesota,  an.l  tlie  Winnipeg  N'alley,  and  .lonbile.vt  farther  northwest.  (Ihroughoul  N.  k! 
A.sia,  and  in  Ku.) 

■K-  -»--   Style.-i  united  into  a  long  8har|>  heak,  finally  l>econiing  distinct ;  utigmas  minuU-,  dot 
capitate  :  more  or  le.ss  shruhliy  jiiants. 

■H-  Styles  usually  ."i  and  capsule  .'i  celled  :  liushy  shruhs  witli  crowdo<!  leaveji. 

H.  Kalmianum,  I-  A  foot  or  two  high  :  leaves  linear  to  <d.lanceolale.  tajHring  at  lian*. 
1  to  2  iiulies  lung,  2  to  4  lines  wide.  i)elluci(!-punctate  with  n.nnd  dot...  glaucous  Ifcnealh  : 
cymes  few-Howered :  sepals  lance(date  to  oval,  half  as  long  ns  the  jietal* :  ca|mu|c<  ovale. 
about  3  lines  long,  often  somewliat  lobed  ;  .see.ls  al)ru|.tly  and  ininutelv  jx.inted.  —  Sj.w.  ii! 
783;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  86,  t.  13;  Torr.  &  Cray,  Fl.  \.  L-JS.  —  H.xk'v  and  sandv  shon-s! 
Canada,  Niagara  Falls,  and  about  the  (ireat  Lakes.  The  caj.sules  may'l»e  4-  or  (U-ell.Nj,  Iml 
the  5-celled  condition  is  l»y  far  the  most  coinmou. 

H.  lobocarpum,  G.\ttinger.  A  shrub  5  to  7  feet  high,  with  uj.right  branches:  leavem 
linearlanccolate  to  narrowly  oblong,  1  to  3  inches  long,  3  to  9  lines  broad,  with  Knialk-r  ones 
in  axillary  fa.-<cic]es  :  Howers  numerous,  smaller  than  in  the  la.-^t  (usually  n-s<-iid.Iing  iIlmm-  ..f 
II.  densifivnim)  :  .^epals  linear-lanceolate,  not  fnlijiceous :  ca|isule  '1  to  3  lines  long.  lanciM»- 
late  and  tapering  to  the  long  strong  beak,  completely  ."j-celled  and  deeply  .VIoIhhI.  in  m<*t 
cases  the  five  carpels  almost  di.stinct,  and  at  maturity  falling  away  sejiaratelv  from  the 
central  axis.— Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  27.').  — Oak  barrens  of  Mi.ldle  ami  Western  Tennessee,  (ial. 
linger.  Western  Missi.ssippi,  Stewart,  and  Soutiiern  Louisiana,  fMr,s,  and  pn.baldv  through- 
out the  Lower  Mississippi  region.  The  type  specimens  were  growing  in  a  swampv  region 
difficult  to  penetrate.  In  size  and  general  habit  the  plant  do.^ely  resembles  //.  f{,„s,f(onim, 
with  perhaps  even  denser  flower  clu.sters ;  but  the  flowers  ni.iy  Iwcome  almost  a.s  larce  .in 
tho.se  of  //.  Kdlmianiim  and  //.  /irolificum,  which  latter  species  it  very  doselv  resiinldcs  as 
to  its  leaves.  It  is  impossible  to  distinguish  the  species  from  forms  of  //.  prijijirum  and 
//.  densiflorum  in  the  absence  of  cai)sules.  Certain  forms  also  resemtde  II.  jffisrinilafuiH  in 
tlieir  narrow,  rigid,  and  very  revolute  leave.s,  and  in  the  axillary  f;wcicles. 

++  ++  Styles  usually  3  and  capsules  completely  3-celled  :   branching  shrul«. 

H.  prolificum,  L.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate  to  narrowly  oblong,  narrowed  at  l(a.«ie,  nn>stly 
obtu.se  and  mucronulate,  1  to  3  inches  long,  3  to  9  lines  broad,  with  axillary  fascicl(>s  of 
smaller  ones:  flowers  numerous,  i  to  1  inch  broad  :  .sejials  une(|ual,  foliaceous,  lance<date  t<i 
ovate,  mncronate,  much  shorter  than  the  j>etals :  capsule  lance<date  to  ovate.  4  t<>  fi  lines 
long. — Mant.  106;  Cliois.  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  .'J47  ;  Torr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  159,  excl.  var.  7. 
//.  rosiiinr{ni/olii(m,  Torr.  &  <ir."\y,  1.  c,  not  Lam.  Miiriandm  leclif'iJia,  SjMich,  1.  c.  365.  — 
From  New  Jersey  to  Georgia,  Alabama,  Arkans.-u'*.  Mis.souri,  and  .Minnesota.  The  leaven 
are  exceedingly  variable  in  size,  often  resembling  tho.se  of  the  next  s|KHies,  es|>eciatly  at 
the  south,  but  the  flowers  and  capsules  are  much  larger  and  much  fewer.  Fluwcrs  «iih 
four  styles  are  occasionally  found,  making  the  separation  from  the  last  two  s|XHies  difficult. 

H.  densiflorum,  Pi  nsn.  More  shruliby  and  taller,  sometimes  5  to  6  feet  higli,  much 
more  liranching:  leaves  more  crowded,  narrower  an<l  shorter:  flowers  much  more  nnmerous 
and  smaller  :  sepals  smaller,  not  foliaceous  :  ca|)snle  ovate,  2  to  3  lines  long.  —  Fl.  ii.  .176 ; 
Chois.  1.  c.  //.  rjalioicles,  I'ursh,  1.  c,  not  Lam.  ?  //.  ]>ri>lltieum,  var.  7.  Torr.  &.  (Jray.  I  c. 
//.  i>ri)/itiriim,  var  (lensiftnniiii,  Gr.ay.  Man.  ed.  5.  84.  Mi/rintnlrn  s/Mtthiilnln,  S|>ach.  I  c. — 
From  the  ]»ine  barrens  of  New  .lersey  to  Florida,  Tennessee.  Arkan.sas.  and  Texan. 
Occasional  forms  with  large  leaves  closely  simulate  the  last  spwies,  but  the  tlowoni  and 
cap.sules  can  be  distinguisheil  easily.  Four  ami  even  five  styles  sometimes  «i«cur.  but  the 
flowers  upon  any  plant  are  prevailingly  .3-styled.  and  even  the  .Vstyled  c.tpsules  are  dinlinrt 
from  those  of  //.  IntMirnrpum,  which  are  narrow  ami  relatively  long.  ta|M>nng  from  the  I«m> 
to  the  prominent  beak,  besides  l>eing  very  «leeply  lolted. 

H.   Buckleii,    >L   A.  Ciktis.     Low,  \  to  1    f.xit   high,   widely   branchine  from   the  l.a«« 
leaves  ol.long,  obtuse,  narrowed  at  base,  ^  to  1  inch  long.  2  to  4  linii*  bn.>ad.  |i.iler  l>cnc*lb 


286  IIYPERICACE^.  Hypericum. 

and  more  or  less  black-dotted  :  flowers  solitary  (sometimes  in  threes)  and  terminal,  on  long 
peduncles,  about  au  inch  broad :  sepals  obovate,  not  half  so  long  as  the  petals :  capsule 
conical,  4  to  5  lines  long. —  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  ser.  1,  xliv.  80;  Chapin.  Fl.  39.  —  Cliffs,  moun- 
tains of  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia.  The  original  form  of  the  specific 
name  is  that  given  above,  and  not  H.  Buckleyi,  as  commonly  printed. 

++++++  Styles  3  :  capsule  1-celled,  or  almost  3-celled  by  the  projecting  placentae :  shrubby 
at  least  at  base. 

=  Placenta;  projecting  nearly  to  the  centre  of  tlie  ovary. 

a.  Sepals  broad,  ovate,  foliaceous:  flowers  large  and  showy,  solitary -or  in  leafy  cymes: 
leaves  rather  broad  and  somewhat  coriaceous :  shrubby. 

H.  auremn,  Bartram.  Widely  branched  above,  2  to  4  feet  high :  leaves  oblong,  more  or 
less  attenuate  at  ba.-<e,  obtuse  or  acute,  1  to  3  inches  long,  3  to  9  lines  broad :  flowers  often 
solitarv,  1  to  2  inches  broad,  very  showy  :  sepals  very  unequal,  often  enclosing  the  capsule : 
petals  orange-yellow,  firm,  reflexed:  stamens  excessively  numerous  :  capsule  ovate-conical, 
not  lobed,  3  to  5  lines  long.  —  Travels,  383 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  161 .  U.frondosnm,  Michx. 
Fl.  ii.  81  ;  Ciiois.  in  DC.  Prodj.  i.  .544.  II.  ascyroides,  var.  3,  Poir.  Suppl.  iii.  694.  //.  amantim, 
Pursh,  1.  c.  375  ;  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  16  ;  Chois.  1.  c.  —  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  to  Tennessee, 
Alabama,  and  Texas.  The  leaves  and  sepals  vary  much  in  size,  certain  mountain  forms 
having  leaves  closely  resembling  those  of  II.  prolijicum. 

H.  myrtifolium,  Lam.  More  or  less  branching :  leaves  cordate-oblong,  clasping,  obtuse 
(rarelv  acute),  i  to  1  inch  long,  3  to  6  lines  broad,  those  of  the  cyme  usually  much  smaller: 
flowers  less  than  an  inch  broad,  in  compound  cymes :  sepals  resembling  the  leaves,  often 
larger  than  the  floral  bracts,  often  reflexed  :  capsule  as  in  the  last,  but  coriaceous  and  3-  or 
4-lol)ed  or  -angled.  —  Diet.  iv.  180;  Chois.  1.  c.  547  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  161.  II.  ylaucum, 
Michx.  Fl.  ii.  78  ;  Chois.  1.  c.  H.  rosmarinifolhim,  Chois.  1.  c,  not  Lam.  H.  sessi/ifiorum, 
Willd.  in  Spreng.  Syst.  iii.  346;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  166.  Myriandra  ylauca,  Spach,  1.  c.  — 
From  South  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Alabama. 

b.  Sepals  small,  very  narrow:  flowers  small,  axillary  and  terminal:  leaves  narrow  and 
much  fascicled  in  the  axils  :  shrubby  and  branching. 

H.  fasciculatum,  Lam.  One  to  ten  feet  high :  leaves  very  narrowly  linear  and  revolute, 
coriaceous,  crowded,  closely  sessile,  not  tapering  at  base,  2  to  8  lines  long  :  sepals  resembling 
the  leaves  :  capsule  3-lobed,  oblong-conical  to  ovate-conical,  few-seeded,  a  line  or  two  long. 

—  Diet.  iv.  160;  Chois.  1.  c.  554  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  160.      H.  nitidum,  Lam.  1.  c.     II.  as- 
■    palathoides,  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  1451 ;   Pursh,  1.  c.  376.     H.  fasciculatum,  var.  aspalathoides, 

Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  672.  Myriandra  nitida,  brachyphylla,  &  galioides  of  Spach,  1.  c.  —  Wet 
pine  barrens,  North  Carolina  to  Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Ea.stern  Texas.  Very  varialile  in 
length  of  leaves,  the  rather  striicing  short-leaved  forms  being  the  var.  aspalathoides,  although 
they  represent  Lamarck's  tyi)e  material  of  the  species.  Certain  large  forms,  four  to  ten 
feet  high,  with  unusually  long  leaves,  appear  quite  distinct,  but  they  are  connected  with  the 
shorter-leaved  forms  by  a  comj)lcte  intergradation. 
H.  galioides,  Lam.  Like  the  last,  but  leaves  longer  and  broader,  linear-lanceolate  to  oblanceo- 
late,  generally  mucronate,  always  tapering  at  base  and  suhpetiolate,  not  so  revolute,  i  to  3 
inches  long,  as  many  lines  wide  :  sepals  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  tapering  at  base.  — Diet.  iv. 
161  ;  Chois.  1.  c.  550  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  159.  //.  axilhtrc.  Lam.  1.  c  ,  not  Michx.  -  H.  fascicu- 
latum, Michx.  in  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  1452,  not  Lam.  //.  nmbi(pium.  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  30  ;  Torr.  &  Gray, 
1.  c.  162,  673.     77.  galioides,  var.  ambiyuum,  Chapm.  Fl.  40.     ^fyriandra  Michaurii,  Spach,  1.  c. 

—  Wet  ground,  Delaware  to  Florida,  East  Tennessee,  and  Louisiana.  In  general  H.  fasci- 
culatum and  H.  galioides  may  be  distinguished  from  each  other  easily,  the  leaves  being  of 
entirely  different  types,  but  narrow-leaved  forms  of  the  latter  species  often  become  perplex- 
ing except  to  one  very  familiar  with  the  group.  The  leaves  of  this  species  range  from  these 
very  narrow  forms  to  the  broad  ones  which  stand  for  the  variety  ambigniim.  These  large- 
leaved  plants  are  recorded  as  becoming  as  much  as  12  feet  high.  These  two  species  bear 
much  resemblance  to  H.  lobocarpum,  wJiich  liiis  the  leaves  of  both  and  the  same  deeply  lobed 
capsule. 


Ilypcricum.  11  VI'KKICACK.E. 


287 


c.  Sepals  small :  flowers  small,  in  naked  cymes:  leaves  rather  hroa-l,  thin,  an.l  veinv  m.mc. 
what  shruhl.y  at  base,  a  foot  or  two  hij^h,  Him|il«  or  hranihinK. 
H.  adpressum,  lUitros.  Leaves  linear-lanceolato  to  narn^wly  ohlonR,  m.*tlv  »cme 
usiMlly  aso  lulmg,  ahoiit  2  inches  long.  3  to  4  lines  l,r..ad,  revolute.  |H-llu,-idi.uncUte  with- 
out black  dots,  translucently  veiny  :  cy.nes  l.-ufy  only  at  baM-.  .iichoiomal  llow-n.  in.»tl» 
very  8hort-pedicelle.l  :  sepals  linear  to  lanceolate,  a.nte.  \  to  |  ,«  long  :«.  tho  ih-u1«  often 
reflexed:  capsule  ovate  to  oblong,  about  'i  lines  long;  sccdn  oblong.  -  Fl.  I'hilad.  *ii.  15- 
Torr.  &  (Jray.  Fl.  i.  159.  //.  /Jo„<i,,arte,c,  Barton,  Fl.  N.  Am.  iii.  95.  t  106.  I/./atfig.atum', 
Ell.  Sk.  ii.  31  ;  Torr.  &  Cray,  1.  c.  1G6.  //.  aJpussum,  var.  f<nti,jUitum.  Torr.  &  Grmy,  1.  c! 
673.  —  Moist  ground,  Massachu.setts  to  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  and  Georgia. 

H.  nudiflorum,  Miciix.     Leaves  thinner,  ovate-lanccohitc  or  oblong,  obtuse,  2  to  .1  inrhiHi 
long,  i,  ini  ii  broad,  pellucid-punctato  and  with  very  small  crowded  black  dots  :  ' 
culate,  naked  at  ba.se,  loo.sely  flowered,  dichotonial  (lowers  pedicelled  :  wpals  \ 
to  oblong,  about  \  as  long  as  the  \^eU\\»  :  capsule  ovate-conical,  atn.ut  3  lin<  - 
cylindrical,  with  prominent  rhaphe.  —  Michx.  in   Willd.  Spec  iii.  U.-iG;  Torr.  JL  C.rav.l.  c. 
162.     //.  o*7/7o//»/H,  Coulter,  Hot.  Gaz.  xi.  86,  not  Lam.  —  From   North  Carolina  tlm'iugh 
the  Gulf  States  to  Texas.     The  more  naked  cymes,  and  the  broader  leaves  with  their  vcr/ 
numerous  and  crowded  i)lack  dots,  serve  to  distinguish  this  species  easily  from  the  last. 

=  =  riacentaj  projecting  a  little,  or  not  at  all :  sepals  uneijual. 

a.  Leaves  mostly  linear,  with  rather  large  and  scattereti  pellucid  dots:  flowers  in  somewhat 
leafy-bracted  cymes:    capsule   conical   or  globose;    seeds   large,   oval,   strongly   nig'-M 

transversely. 

H.  cistifolium,  L.\m.  Sini].lc  or  l)ranched,  1  to  3  feet  high  :  leaves  linear  Ut  narn«wly 
oblong,  mostly  obtuse,  2  to  3  inches  long,  3  to  6  lines  wide:  cyme  1<k)8«'1v  flowered,  diclu*- 
omal  flower  mostly  sessile  :  sepals  varying  from  small  and  linear  to  ovate  and  as  long  as 
the  petals  :  capsule  from  depres.sed-globose  to  ovoid,  about  2  lines  long  ;  seeds  with  rhaplio 
almost  winged.  —  Diet.  iv.  158.  not  Coulter.  Rot.  Gaz.  xi.  86.  //.  rosmarini/Ji„m,  I.am.  1.  c. 
159,  not  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  1.59.  //.  spharocarpum,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  78  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  16,1 
(spfuerocorpon)  ;  Coulter,  1.  c.  87.  — Kocky  banks  of  the  Ohio  and  its  tributiiries,  stmthward 
to  Arkan.sas  and  Al;il)ama.  Tlie  hirge  and  rough  see<ls  are  the  most  characteristic  (tnes  of 
the  genus,  ami  serve  to  distinguish  the  species  readily  from  any  others  likely  to  be  con- 
founded with  it. 

H.  dolabriforme,  Vent.  Low,  straggling,  i  to  IJ  feet  high:  leaves  linear  (rarely  nar- 
rowly oblong-linear),  widely  spre;iding,  an  inch  or  less  long,  I  to  2  lines  broad,  mostly  acute : 
cyme  usually  few-flowered,  dichott)mal  flower  pedicelled  :  sepals  large  and  foli.iceous,  lanceo- 
late  to  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  as  long  as  the  jietals :  capsule  ovate-conical,  coriai-oous. 
almost  tri(iuetrous,  about  3  lines  long.  —  Ilort.  Cels.  t.  45  ;  Fursh.  1.  c.  378  ;  Chois.  1.  c.  547  ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  162.  //.  prorumUtts,  Desf.  in  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  1450;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  81  ; 
Pursh,  1.  c.  379 ;  Chois.  1.  c.  —  Dry  sterile  hills,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Missouri. 

b.  Leaves  oblong,  obtuse  :  flowers  in  nearly  naked  cymes :  capsule  ovate ;  seeds  oblong, 
minutely  striate  and  pitted. 

H.  Opdcum,  Torr.  &  Gr.\y.  One  to  four  feet  high:  leaves  linear  oblong.  a!>out  I  inch 
long  and  2  to  4  lines  wide,  closely  .'^essile.  ])ellucid-punct;ite  with  minute  crowilod  dot.*,  often 
rusty  beneath  :  flowers  3  to  5  lines  brosid,  in  divarirate  cymes,  the  dichotom.il  flowers  niootly 
sessile:  sepals  oblong  to  obovate,  about  half  as  lon'.j  a.s  the  bright  yellow  |H'taIs  :  ca|>aulc  2 
to  3  lines  long.  —  Fl.  i.  163.  //.  punrtulosum,  nert<d.  Misc.  Hot.  xiii.  18.  t.  3.  f.  2.  //.  md- 
folium,  Torr.  &  Grav,  1.  c.  674,  not  Lam.  —  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  to  Florida  and 
Mi,-^sissip,.i. 

H.  ellipticum,  IIdok.  Mostly  herb.iceous.  10  to  20  inches  high:  leaves  elliptical-oblong, 
sessile  or  tapering  at  b.ise,  ^  to  \i  inches  long,  3  to  5  lines  bn^Kl,  pelhnid  pniicCite  with 
large  scattered  dots,  translucently  veiny:  flowers  4  to  6  lines  liroad.  «cia.«i>>n.illy  4  meroiia, 
in  few-flowered  cymes,  the  dichotonial  flowers  pedicelled  :  sepals  mostly  f<diaceous  and  sprrAd- 
ing,  oblanceolate  to  narrowly  obovate,  usually  shorter  than  the  p;ile  yellow  petals:  ca|«ul9 
as  in  the  hist.  —  Fl.  Hor.-Am.  i.  110;  Torr.  &  (Jray.  Fl.  i.  164.     //.  tpharocarpum.  Barton. 


288  JIYPERICACE^.  Hypericum. 

Fl.  Philad.  ii.  14,  not  Michx.  —  Moist  ground,  from  Canada  to  Pennsylvania  and  westward 
to  Minnesota  and  the  Winnipeg  Valley. 

^_  ^_   ^—  Styles  3  or  4,  very  long,  distinct  and  spreading,  with  capitate  stigmas:  capsule 
ovate,  strictly  1-celled,  a  line  or  two  long :  simple  or  branching  iierbs,  1  to  3  feet  high,  with 
ascending  sessile  or  clasping  leaves,  and  the  uppermost  branches  of  the  cyme   bearing 
alternate  distant  Howers. 
H.  virgatum,  Lam.     Leaves  ovate,  oblong-lanceolate,  or  narrowly  oldong,  acute,  i  to  1  inch 
long,  1  to  4  lines  wide :  flowers  brigiit  yellow,  4  to  8  lines  broad,  in  nearly  naked  cymes : 
sepals  lanceolate  to  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  keeled  below,  more  or  less  foliaceous  and  en- 
closing the  small  capsule.  —  Diet.  iv.  158 ;  Chois.  1.  c.  547  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  166.    //.  an- 
guhsHin,  Michx.  in  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  1454;  Chois.  1.  c.  546;  Torr.   &  Gray,  1.   c.    164,   673; 
Grav,  Man.  ed.  5,  85.     //.  hedijoti/olium,  I'oir.  Suppl.  iii.  700.  —  Sandy  or  rocky  ground,  from 
the  pine  barrens  of  New  Jersey  to  the  mountains  of  Georgia,  Tennessee,  and  Kentucky. 
The  species  is  quite  variable  in  the  size  and  form  of  its  leaves,  but  the  general  type  is  oblong- 
lanceolate,  about  an  inch  long  and  three  lines  broad.     The  following  varieties  can  be  recog- 
nized usually  without  ditliculty: 

Var.  ovalifolium,  Hm ttox.  Loaves  oval  to  obovate,  not  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  mostly  obtuse,  rather  strictly  erect  or  almost  ajipressed.  —  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  ix. 
10.  —  Pine  barrens  of  New  Jersey.  The  short  broad  u.sually  erect  and  distant  leaves  give 
to  the  plant  an  aspect  quite  different  from  that  of  the  more  soutliern  species.  Apparently 
the  common  form  of  the  New  Jersey  pine  barrens,  the  species  proper  appearing  with  great 
distinctness  only  farther  south. 

Var.  acutifolium,  Coulter.  Usually  taller  and  more  branching,  with  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  ta])ering  to  a  very  acute  apex,  an  inch  or  more  long,  and  a  line  or  two  broad.  — 
Hot.  (;az.  xi.  106.  //.  acutifoUum,  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  26;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  167.  — From  South 
Carolina  to  Florida. 
H.  pilosum,  Walt.  Scabrous-tomentose,  mostly  simple  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  strictly 
erect  or  even  appre.ssed,  4  to  6  lines  long,  1  to  2  lines  wide,  sometimes  much  reduced  :  flowers 
3  to  5  lines  broad,  in  few-flowered  cymes  :  sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  :  petals  more  than 
twice  as  long,  involute  when  old. — Car.  190;  Chois.  1.  c.  549;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  163; 
//.  sctosum,  L.  Spec.  ii.  787,  as  to  Clayton's  plant  in  Gronov.  Virg.  88.  //.  si'm/i/cr,  Michx.  Fl. 
ii.  80 ;  Chois.  1.  c.  Asci/rum  villosum,  L.  Spec.  ii.  788.  —  Wet  pine  barrens,  South  Carolina 
to  Florida  and  Louisiana. 

^—  -1—  -t—  -t—  Styles  3, long,  distinct,  and  usually  spreading,  with  capitate  stigmas:  capsule 
ovate,  3-celled,  more  or  less  covered  with  amber-colored  glands  and  exhaling  a  heavy  odf)r 
when  crushed  :  petals  marcescent :  whole  plant  (including  petals  and  anthers)  more  or 
less  black-dotted :  herbs,  with  rather  large  leaves  and  flowers,  the  petals  much  longer 
than  the  sepals. 

++   Eastern  species  :  plants  1  to  4  feet  high  :  capsules  mostly  not  lobed. 

H.  perfouAtum,  L.  Much  branched  (usually  a  leafy  branch  in  the  axil  of  every  leaf  of  the 
primary  stem) :  leaves  linear  to  oblong,  obtuse,  mostly  tapering  at  base,  ^  to  1  inch  long,  1 
to  5  lines  wide  :  flowers  numerous  in  loose  cymes,  about  an  inch  broad  :  sepals  linear-lanceo- 
late, very  acute  or  acuminate  :  petals  bright  yellow,  black-dotted  along  the  margin  :  capsule 
conical-ovate,  2  to  3  lines  long.  —  Spec.  ii.  785.  —  Common  everywhere  in  old  fields  as  a  weed 
difficult  to  extirpate.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

H.  maculatum,  Walt.  Simple  below,  more  or  less  branched  above,  conspicuously  dotted 
all  over  :  loaves  oblong-  to  lan<-e-ovate,  or  even  cordate-ovate,  obtuse  or  acute,  more  or  less 
clasping,  sometimes  tapering  at  base,  1  to  3  inches  long,  4  to  9  lines  broad :  flowers  smaller, 
3  to  6  lines  broad  or  even  less,  usually  crowded :  sepals  lanceolate  to  ovate,  acute :  petals 
pale  yellow,  with  black  lines  as  well  as  dots :  capsule  conical-ovate,  2  to  3  lines  long,  often 
thickly  covered  with  conspicuous  amber-colored  glands.  —  Car.  189 ;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  80  ;  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.i.  161,  673  ;  Coulter,  Rot.  Gaz.  xi.  107.  //.  Vinjlnimm,  Walt.  1.  c,  not  L.  //. 
punrtafum,  Lam.  Diet.  iv.  164;  Chois.  1.  c.  547;  Keichenb.  Ic.  Bot.  Exot.  i.  61,  t.  88.  //.  co- 
rymbosum,  Muhl.  in  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  1457  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  160;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  85. 
H.  micranthum,  Chois.  Prodr.  Hyper.  44,  t.  5;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  109.  —  From  Canada 


Hypericum.  H  VI'KKICACK.K.  289 

and  Minnesota  to  Florida  and  Toxas.  ExcoodinKly  varinl-Ie  in  f..liiiKo  and  in  lialiit. 
Mountain  forms  arc  Honictinies  strirth-  Hiniplc,  wliilJ  in  thi;  h<.utliwe«t  foruiH  m-.ur  with 
alinusi  the  same  liranciiing  iiahit  iw  in  //.  pir/omtuin. 

H.  graveolens,  Hicki-kv.  Simple  or  somewhat  hnmrlied  al.ove  :  IcavpH  larRc,  elliiitical 
oMoiii;,  ol)iuse,  closely  sessile  or  chLxiiinf,',  2  to  a  inches  lon^.  al>out  an  inch  wide:  flowers 
usually  an  incii  or  more  l.road,  in  f.-\v-ll..wered  cymes:  sepals  lanc<-olat«-,  very  a<-ute :  pctalit 
very  scantily  black-ilotted,  if  at  all :  capsule  somewhat  IoIm-.j.  ovate,  :i  t„  5  JinoH  lonp.  —  Am. 
Jour.  Sci.  ser.  1,  xlv.  174.  (Jray,  (ien.  111.  i.  -2X4,  t.  <Ji'.  —  .MuunUiins  of  S.  W.  Virgiui«  aud 
North  Carolina. 

++  ++  Western  species  :  plants  3  inches  to  2  feet  hifjh  :  ca|>sules  3-lolied.  .1  to  4  linew  long : 
petals  bright  yellow,  often  tinged  with  i)urplc,  with  a  few  Idack  ilots  along  the  margin. 
H.  formosum,  II HK.  From  running  root.stocks,  simjde  or  somewhat  hranching.  oftoii 
with  niinicroiis  small  l.ianchlets,  i  to  2  feet  high,  usually  conspicuously  hla<k-«!otted  along 
margins  of  leaves,  .sepals,  and  i)etals,  an<l  ujM.n  anthers  :  h-aves  ovate.<d.long,  obtuse,  more  «ir 
less  cla.sping,  about  an  inch  long  and  half  inch  or  more  broad,  tho.se  of  the  branchhts  much 
smaller  and  often  tapering  at  iiase  :  flowers  i  to  1  inch  broad,  in  loose  corymbs:  wpals  hui- 
eeolate  to  ovate,  obtuse  or  acute.  —  Nov.  (ien.  &  Spec.  v.  I'JG.     //.  Srouhri,  H<Kik.  Fl.  Hor.- 

Am.  i.  Ill  ;  Torr.  &   (Jray,  Fl.  i.   160.     H.  formosum,  var.  Srouleri,  Coulter,  I.  c.   108. 

Throughout  the  whole  mountain  region  of  we.stern  North  America.  The  separation  of  a 
northern  form,  //.  Sanileri.  from  the  Mexican  Il./ortnosum  seems  to  be  entirdv  untenable. 
Certain  forms  of  the  Pacific  and  Great  Hasin  regir)ns,  with  narrow  leaves  tajtering  at  baM«, 
a])]iroacli  tlio  following  species,  which  may  be  but  a  variety. 
H.  COncinnum,  Ukxth.  Somewhat  shrubl)y  and  branching  at  ba.«e.  3  to  1«  iudus  high, 
black-doltetl  as  in  the  last,  but  often  .scantily  .so,  very  leafy  :  leaves  thickisii.  linear  to  "blung, 
usually  not  clasping,  commonly  ftdded,  A  to  1  inch  long  or  more,  1  to  4  lines  bnad,  acute; 
flowers  over  1  inch  broad,  few,  in  ratiier  dose  clusters  at  summit  of  stem  :  .«epals  ovate, 
mucronate-acute  or  very  acuminate,  longer  than  the  capsule. —  I'l.  Hartw.  .'KX);  Mrew.  & 
Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  81.  //.  hrnrlnilum,  Kellogg,  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  G.").  — Apparently 
restricted  to  the  drier  mountain  regions  of  Central  California.  While  the  lower  and  more 
shrubby  habit,  and  the  narrower  and  acute  not  clasping  leaves  usually  di>tinguish  thiss|K'cie« 
easily  from  the  la.st,  there  are  forms  with  the  leaves  narrow  and  acute,  but  nmre  or  lexs 
clasping,  which  are  still  dearly  //.  coucinnum,  although  uot  s<j  eiusily  distinguished. 
*  *  Stamens  5  to  20,  mostly  in  3  clusters  :  styles  3  (sometimes  2),  short,  ilistinct ;  stigma.i 
capitate  :  cap.sules  ovate  to  conical,  one-celled  :  small  and  slender  annuals,  with  very  small 
flowers,  and  petals  shorter  than  the  sei)als. 

H—  Procumbent  or  a.scending,  or  forming  dense  mats,  diffusely  iiranching:  leaves  rather 
broad,  obtuse,  clasping:  capsule  a  line  or  two  long. 

TT.  anagalloid.es,  Cham.  &Sciili;<ht.  often  forming  dense  mats:  stems  an  inch  to  a 
foot  long:  leaves  oblong  to  broadly  ovate,  or  even  orbicular,  very  obtuse,  5-  or  T-nerved  at 
base,  2  to  6  lines  long  and  almost  as  broad  :  Howers  3  to  4  lines  bniad,  in  few-flowered  naked 
or  leafy  cymes :  stamens  1.")  to  20  :  .sei>als  foliaceous,  unei|ual,  lanceolate  to  broadly  ovato, 
longer  than  the  ovate  capsules.  —  Linna-a,  iii.  127  ;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  167.  674.  '11.  mu- 
tiliim,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Kxp.  46.  —  Wet  grounds,  from  Lower  California  to  Brit.  Columbia, 
and  extending  eastward  into  Montana.  The  Pacific  representative  of  the  next  s|M'cie.««.  which 
it  approaches  too  nearly  in  certain  forms.  Bi>th  are  very  closely  allied  t»>  the  Asiatic  //. 
Jnpnnirum,  Thunb.,  and  all  three  may  con.stitute  but  one  specific  type.  An  erect  form  from 
a  decumbent  base,  with  leaves  ei|ualling  or  exceeding  the  internodes.  and  a  terminal  cyme 
on  a  short  naked  peduncle,  has  been  .set  ajiart  by  Profe,s.sor  K.  L.  (Jreene  a.s  var.  Sfvodrntt 
(Fl.  Francis.  11.'!). 

H.  mutilum,  L.  Like  the  la,st.  but  more  erect  and  .liffns.  ly  branching'.  3  inches  to  2  feot 
high  :  leaves  (.blong  or  ov.ite,  or  even  orbicular.  \  to  1  inch  long.  2  to  4  lines  l.roail.  Snerve*! 
at  base:  Howers  in  very  l.K)se  leafy  cymes:  stamens  6  to  12:  sepals  linear  to  lanceolate. 
usually  .shorter  than  the  oblong  or  ovate  ca])snle.  —  Spec.  ii.  7S7  ;  Torr.  &  Cray.  Fl.  i.  Ifi4 
//.  ijitinquntrrnum,  Walt.  Car.  190;  Chois.  in  DC.  Pn»dr.  i.  .'i.'tO;  H<v.k.  Fl.  Iior.-.\m   i    lio. 

,    H.  parviflorum,   Willd.  Spec.  iii.  14.56;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  377.      //.  slrll,ir,oi,if»,  HBK.   Nor 

10 


290  HYPERICACE.E.  Ilypcrkum. 

Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  196.  H.  boreale,  etc.,  Biekuell,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  21.3,  in  part.  —  Can- 
ada and  Minnesota  to  Florida  and  Texas.  (Adj.  Mex.)  In  some  cases  the  cymes  become 
almost  or  even  entirely  naked,  and  siuli  jilants  are  a])t  to  be  confused  with  tiie  next  species. 
However,  the  widely  spreading  iuHurcscent'e,  or  at  least  the  oblong  or  ovate  capsule, 
will  serve  to  separate  them  from  //.  gymnnuthnm  with  its  strict  cymes  and  ovate-conical 
capsules.  Certain  forms  tliroughout  the  (iulf  States,  from  Florida  to  Texas  and  Mexico, 
with  open  cymes  inclined  to  be  naked  and  unusually  large  foliaceous  sepals,  may  represent 
a  worthy  variety. 
-»—  -»—  Almost  .'dimple,  with  strict  stems  and  branches :  flowers  in  naked  cymes :  sepals  linear 

to  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate. 
H.  gymnanthum,  Exgei.m.  &  Gray.  One  to  three  feet  high :  leaves  cordate-ovate,  clasp- 
ing, often  (pilte  distant,  ^  inch  or  more  long,  5-  or  7-uerved  and  3  to  5  lines  wide  at  base, 
tapering  to  an  acute  or  obtuse  apex  :  flowers  in  strict  mostly  few-flowered  elongated  cymes: 
stamens  10  to  12  :  sepals  1  to  2  lines  long,  about  equalling  the  ovate-conical  capsule.  —  PI. 
Lindh.  pt.  1,  4  ;  Walp.  Ann.  ii.  188.  H.  mutilum,  var.  gymnanthum,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  86. — 
From  Delaware  and  adjacent  Pennsylvania  to  Southern  Illinois,  Arkansas,  Louisiana,  and 
Eastern  Texas.  Ascherson  and  Uechtritz  refer  this  species  to  H.  Japonicum,  Thunb.,  but  it 
seems  to  be  very  distinct.  If  the  Asiatic  species  occurs  in  our  flora  at  all,  it  is  under  the 
name  //.  anncjalloides. 
H.  Canadense,  L.  From  an  inch  or  two  to  a  foot  or  more  high  :  leaves  linear  to  linear- 
laiKOdliirc,  mostly  tapering  to  the  sessile  3-nerved  base,  ^  to  1  inch  long  or  more,  1  to  2  lines 
wide :  flowers  in  rather  loose  cymes :  stamens  .5  to  10  :  capsule  very  acutely  conical,  2  to  3 
lines  long,  longer  or  shorter  than  the  sepals.  —  Spec.  ii.  785  ;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  89 ;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  165.  H.  thesii/oliiim,  paucijlorum,  &  Moranense,  HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec. 
V.  192,  193.  H.  Canadense,  var.  minimum,  Chois.  in  DC.  Prodr.  i.  550.  —  Wet  sandy  soil, 
from  Canada  to  Georgia,  and  westwai-d  to  Nebraska,  Dakota,  and  the  Winnipeg  Valley,  and 
doubtless  extending  to  the  Pacific;  also  in  Texas.  (Mex.)  Exceedingly  variable  in  size, 
but  usually  distinguishable  by  its  slender  habit,  and  narrow  and  often  reduced  leaves, 
which  mostly  taper  at  base.  In  certain  situations  all  the  forms  develop  reduced  rounded 
and  more  crowded  leaves  below.  It  seems  impossible  to  distinguish  clearly  the  varieties 
ordinarily  recognized,  but  disregarding  intergrading  forms  two  extreme  variations  may  be 
defined  as  follows : 

Var,  majus,  Gr.\t.  Stems  much  stouter  and  usually  much  taller  :  leaves  larger,  1  to 
2  inches  long,  4  to  6  lines  broad,  lanceolate,  5-  or  "-nerved  at  base,  more  or  less  clasping, 
often  very  acute  :  flowers  in  larger  more  crowded  cymes :  sepals  long-pointed  :  capsules 
larger.  —  Man.  ed.  5,  86.  //.  majus,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  225.  —  Ranges  with  the 
species  ;  also  in  Washington,  Piper.  In  certain  regions  it  seems  worthy  of  specific  rank,  but 
in  large  series  of  specimens  the  intergradation  is  complete. 

Var.  boreale,  Britton.  Dwarf,  1  to  3  inches  high,  simple  and  few-flowered :  leaves 
oblong,  obtuse,  4  to  5  lines  long,  1  to  2  lines  broad,  the  lower  ones  smaller  and  more  crowded, 
oval  or  orbicular.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xviii.  365.  H.  Canadense,  var.  minimum.  Coulter, 
Bot  Gaz.  xi.  110,  and  mo.st  American  authors,  not  Chois.  H.  boreale,  &  H.  mutilum,  var. 
boreale,  Bicknell,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  213,  in  part.  —  Throughout  Canada  and  the  North- 
west Territory,  and  extending  into  the  United  States  about  Lake  Superior;  also  on  wet 
grounds  in  the  Dells  of  the  Wisconsin,  Lapham. 

■t—  -(—  -I—  Bushy-branching,  with  rigid  erect  black-dotted  stems  and  branches :  leaves  very 
slender  and  rigid  or  minute,  erect  or  appressed :  flowers  scattered  along  the  upper  part  of 
leafy  branches. 

H.  Drummondii,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Stems  and  alternate  branches  rather  stout,  10  to  30 
inches  high  :  leaves  linear-subulate,  erect,  \  to  1  inch  long,  one-nerved;  flowers  pedicellate: 
stamens  10  to  20 :  capsule  ovate,  about  2  lines  long,  not  longer  than  the  sepals  ;  seeds  large, 
oval,  strongly  ribbed  and  transversely  lacunose.  —  Fl.  i.  165.  Sarothra  Drummondii,  Grev. 
&  Hook.  Hot.  Misc.  iii.  236,  t.  107.  —  In  dry  soil,  from  Georgia  and  Florida  to  Texas,  and 
extending  northwest  through  the  states  of  the  .Mississippi  Basin  into  Illinois. 

H.  nudicaule,  Wai.t.  Stem  and  opposite  branches  filiform  and  wiry,  4  to  20  inches  high, 
with  the  awl-shaped  leaves  so  minute  and  appres.sed  as  to  appear  naked :  flowers  very  small, 


Ilf/pericum.  TERNSTIKKMIACK.K.  'JUl 

mostly  sessile:  stamens  5  to  10:  capsule  very  acutely  conical,  1  to  3  lint-H  long,  mudi  longer 
than  tiie  sepals ;  seeds  very  niurii  snuilltr  tlian  in  tiie  hwt,  otiloug.  iiiinuu-ly  »triuic  an<l 
pitted.  —  Car.  190.  //.  selosuin,  L.  Spt-c.  ii.  787,  as  t<i  I'hik.  syn.  //.  Saroihm,  Michx.  Kl. 
ii.  79;  Turr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  1G5;  (Jray,  (Jen.  111.  i.  aU,  t.  93.  '&.  Man.  ed.  5,  86.  //.  >/rni„i- 
7widf's,  Britt.  Sterns  &  Poggenl).  I'rel.  Cat.  N.  V.  9.  S<in,thrn  ij,ntinwn,U%,  L.  Sjiec.  i  •il'i. 
S.  hfipericoides,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  204  ;  Barton,  Fl.  N.  A.  iii.  59,  t.  92. —  Dry  Kindy  noil,  Canada 
to  Florida,  and  west  to  Illinois,  Arkansiu*,  and  Texas. 

§  3.     Elodea,  Spacli  (:is  genus).     Sepals  and  petals  5,  the  latter  «l««i(luou«, 

imbricate  in  aestivation:  stamens  9   (rarely   more),  strongly  tri:iil«-lpliouH,   three 

large  orange-colored   glands  alternating  with  the  phalanges  :  styles  3,  dinlinct ; 

stigmas   not    capitate :  capsule   elongated-oblong,  3-celled  :    perennial    herbs,    in 

marshes  or  shallow  water,  with  small  close  clusters  of  tleslM-olun-d  Howers  in  the 

axils  of  the  leaves  at  the  summit  of  the  stem. —  Hist.  Veg.  v.  3(>3. 

H.Virginicum,  L.     Mostly  simple,  1  to  2  feet  high  :  leaves  oldongto  ovate,  very  ohtnn*  or 

eiiiargiiiate,  clasping  hy  a  broad  b:u*e, about  1  \  inches  long  and  \  iucii  broad,  glamons  U-neath 

and  black-dotted:  axillary  Hower-clusters  at  the  ends  of  elongated  brandies:  sepals  lance«)- 

late  to  ovate:  filaments  united  lielow  tlie  midtlle:  capsule  4  to  5  lines  long.  — Syst.  Nat.  ed. 

10,  1184,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  1104;  Chois.  1.  c.  54G.      //.  camiMimlnlnm,  Walt.  Car.  191.     //. 

emarginatum,  Lam.  Diet.  iv.  154.     Elodea  Virglnlca,  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  17  ;  Torr.  &  CJray.  Fl.  i. 

167  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  i.  216,  t.  94.     E.  mmpnmilnta,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  379;  Coulter,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi. 

111.     Elodes  Viryiiiira,  (iray,  Man.  ed.  5,  86.      E.  cunifxinulala,  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  (Jray, 

Man.  ed.  6,  g.'i.  —  Apiiarently  througliout  the  Britisli   possessions,  ami  extending  s.iulh- 

ward  in  the  Atlantic  region  to  i'lorida  and  Louisiana,  and  in  tiie  interior  to  Minnesota. 

(L.  Asia.) 

H.  petiolatum,  Walt.      Re.sembling  the  last,  but  usually   taller  and  more  branching: 

leaves  2  to  5  inches  long,  i  to  1  inch  broad,  tapering  to  a  se.<sile  base  or  jMti.ded.  not  sn 

glaucous   or  black-dotted  beneath  :  axillary  flower-clusters  alnu)st  sessile :  tiiamc-nts  united 

about  to  the  middle.  —Car.  191.     //.  uxilUire,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  81.     //.  puludosum,  Chois  1.  c. 

546.     ?//.  tulmlo.fitm,  Walt.  Car.   191;    Chois.  I.e.      Elodea  petiolala,  Pursh.  Fl.  i.  379; 

Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  168.     ?^.  tuhidom,  Pursii,  1.  c. ;  Nutt.  1.  c. ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  168. 

.EWes /)e^/o/rt/rt,  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  86.  — From  Virginia  to  Florid^  Louisiana,  Arkans;is, 

and  Tennessee. 

Ori>er  Guttifer^.     Clusia  flava,  L.,  was  in  the  collection  made  on  Key 
West,  many  years  ago,  by  Blodgett,  probably  a  chance  tree :  not  since  met  with. 


Order  XXIV.    TERNSTRCEMIACE^E. 

By  A.  Gray. 

Showy  shrubs  or  trees  (American  and  E.  Asiatic)  ;  with  alternate  and  simple 
pinnately  veined  leaves;  no  stipules;  the  flowers  hypogynous,  hermaphnHlite, 
polyandrous  and  otherwise  mostly  5-merous  throughout ;  with  imbricatr.l  .sepals 
and  petals.  Stamens  monadelphous  or  pentadelphous  at  base,  where  the  short 
tube  or  ring  or  the  phalanges  are  connate  with  base  of  petals ;  anthers  2-<-elle«l 
and  opening  lengthwise.  Fruit  capsular,  commonly  wo^xly,  the  cells  few-seeile<l ; 
seeds  with  a  large  embryo  and  little  or  no  albumen. —Contains  the  Cinifllia, 
Tea-Plant,  and  the  two  following  genera,  of  the  Tribe  Gordonieir. 
1    STUARTIA.     Calvx   1-2-bracteolate,  of   5  or  6  ovate  or  narrower  w|ali«.     PetaN  an 

many,  rounded  obovate.  erose-creuulate.  united  at  base  by  union  with  the  luonadelphon* 


292  TERNSTRCEMIACE^.  Stuartia. 

ring  of  the  filaments.  Ovules  a  pair  in  each  of  the  5  cells,  ascending,  anatropous.  Capsule 
loculicidallv  5-valved  ;  seeds  lenticular,  with  crustaceous  coat ;  embryo  straight,  with  oval 
plane  cotvledous  and  slender  caulicle,  nearly  the  length  of  the  albumen. 
2.  GORDONIA.  Calyx  imbricately  3-4-bracteolate,  of  5  rounded  coriaceous  and  concave 
canescent  sepals.  Petals  5,  silky-tomeutulose  exterually.  Stamens  5-adelphous.  Style 
columnar;  stigma  5-lobed ;  ovules  4  to  8  in  each  cell,  anatropous,  resupinate-pendulous. 
Seeds  winged  or  wingless,  destitute  of  albumen;  embryo  straightish,  oblicjue,  with  the 
broad  and  thin  cotyledons  somewhat  undulate-plicate,  much  longer  than  the  caulicle. 

1 .  STUARTI A  (at  first  written  Stewartia),  L.  (John  Stuart,  Marquis  of 
Bute,  statesman  and  botanist.)  —  Showy-flowered  shrubs  (two  of  E.  United  States 
and  one  or  two  peculiar  ones  in  Japan),  more  or  less  pubescent  with  soft  and  sim- 
ple hairs  ;  with  oval  and  petiolate  barely  serrulate  deciduous  leaves,  and  short- 
peduncled  or  subsessile  mostly  solitary  axillary  or  subterminal  flowers.  Petals 
white  or  cream-color.  —  Act.  Ups.  1741,  79,  t.  2  (Catesb.  Car.  ii.  App.  113,  t.  13), 
&  Gen.  ed.  4,  no.  1025  ;  L'Her.  Stirp.  Nov.  vi.  153,  t.  73,  74  (with  correct  orthog- 
raphy and  the  two  species);  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  223;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  97, 
t.  138,  139.  Malachodendron,  Mitchell,  Act.  Phys.-Med.  Acad.  Nat.  Cur.  viii. 
App.  216.  Steivartia  &  Malachodendron,  Cav.  Diss.  v.  302,  303  ;  Juss.  Gen.  292, 
275 ;  Lam.  111.  iii.  t.  593  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  528. 

§  1.  StuIrtia  proper.  Styles  wholly  combined  and  a  5-crenulate  stigma: 
sepals  and  petals  only  5 :  capsule  very  woody,  globular ;  seeds  marginless, 
smooth  and  shining.  —  Gray,  1.  c.  99. 

S.*  Malachodendron,  L.i  Shrub  6  to  12  feet  high:  leaves  soft-pubescent  beneath,  as 
also  the  rounded  sepals  :  petals  inch  or  two  long:  stamens  purple.  — Spec.  ii.  698  {Malaco- 
dendron)  ;  Marsh.  Arbust.  149;  L'Her.  1.  c.  t.  73;  Walt.  Car.  176;  Audubon,  Birds  Amer. 
t.  17  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  224.  S.  Virginica,  Cav.  Diss.  v.  303,  t.  159  ;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.43  ;  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  .528;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  99,  t.  138  ;  Garden,  xxxiv.  280,  with  fig.  S.  Marilmidica, 
Donn,  Cat.  Hort.  Cantab,  ed.  3,  ace.  to  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  vi.  t.  397.  S.  nabilis,  Salisb.  Prodr. 
Stirp.  386.  —  Woods  in  the  low  and  middle  country,  Florida  and  Louisiana  to  N.  Virginia 
and  W.  Arkansas ;  fl.  spring. 

§  2.  Malachodendron,  Gray,  1.  c.  Styles  distinct,  slender  ;  stigmas  in- 
trorse-subcapitate :  petals  often  6  :  capsule  ovate-pyramidal  and  pointed,  less 
woody  ;  seeds  dull,  wing-margined.  —  Malachodendron,  Cav.  1.  c.  302. 

S.  pentagyna,  L'Her.  Pubescence  of  longer  and  sparser  more  deciduous  hairs,  and 
leaves  larger  than  in  the  preceding  (5  or  6  inches  long):  sepals  acute:  stamens  pale. — 
Stirp.  Nov.  vi.  155,  t.  74;  Nouv.  Duham.  i.  15,  t.  6;  Smith,  Exot.  Bot.  ii.  t.  110;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  1.  c. ;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3918;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  100,  t.  139.2  $.  montana,  Bartr. 
Trav.  334.  Malachodendron  ovatum,  Cav.  Diss.  t.  158,  f.  2;  Michx.  1.  c. ;  Lam.  1.  c. ;  Liiull. 
Bot.  Reg.  t.  1104.  M.  pentar/i/nmn,  Chois.  Me'm.  Terust.  49.  CavaniUa  florida,  Salisb. 
Prodr.  Stirp.  385.  —  Woods,  mountains  of  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  adjacent  Tennessee  and 
Kentucky  ;  fl.  early  summer. 

2.  GORDONIA,  Ellis.  Loblolly  Bay.  (Dr.  Garden,  who  sent  the  origi- 
nal species  to  Ellis,  desired  the  genus  to  be  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  James  Gordon 
of  Aberdeen,  his  preceptor,  but  Ellis,  in  correspondence  with  LinniT^us,  substi- 
tuted/ames  Gordon,  a  well  known  London  nurseryman  of  that  day.) — Shrubs  or 

1  This  name  has  been  altered  from  S.  Virginica  on  grounds  of  priority.  The  coincidence  of  the 
specific  name  with  that  of  the  subsequently  applied  sectional  name  Malachodendron  is  unfortunate,  but 
scarcely  forms  a  valid  reason  for  discarding  the  former. 

2  Add  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  i.  415. 


Gordonia.  CIIKI KANTIIOI  )i:xi  )|;k.E. 


203 


small  trees  (of  E.  United  States  and  Asia),  with  mostly  coriaceous  leaves,  nak.-.j 
leaf-buds,  showy  axillary  or  subtcrniiiKii  Mowers,  and  white  petals.—  Phil.' ']>:,„«. 
Ix.  520,  t.  11  ;  (Catesb.  Car.  i.  t.  \\)  ■   L.  Maut.  ii.  5oG ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  101 
t.  140-142.1 

§  1.  GoKDUMA  proper.  Filaments  short,  on  the  snnnuil  an.l  inner  surface 
of  live  thickened  disk-like  lobes  wiiicli  are  confluent  at  base  into  a  cup  or  rini;: 
petals  well  united  at  base:  ca[)sule  pointed  with  the  base  of  the  short  style; 
valves  entire;  seeds  4  or  by  abortion  2  in  eacii  cell,  pendulous  from   its   inner 

angle  toward  the  base,  membranaceous-winged  upward. (irav,  1.  c. 

G.  Lasianthus,  Ellis,  1.  c.  523.  (LoHLOLLY  Bav.)  Tree  60  to  80  feet  h\p,\\,  or  ar»K>. 
restciit  sliiiih  :  leaves  subsessile,  lanceolate  to  ohloiig  with  tajK-ring  Inmo,  firm-coriiucoiM, 
callims-seiTulate,  sliiiuiig,  4  to  6  iiuhes  Ion-;,  tlu;  veins  inionspiciious  :  flowers  ratlur  Inn^- 
pedunded:  petals  c-oncave,  often  2  inches  lonj,':  capsule  ovoid,  canescent.  —  L  .Mant  ii 
570;  Cav.  Diss.  vi.  307,  t.  IGI  ;  Sims,  Hot.  Mag.  t.  6G8  ;  Lam.  111.  iii.  t.  504 ;  Nouv.  DuhauL 
ii.  t.  68;  Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb.  Am.  iii.  131,  t.  1  (L<is,/anlhus)  ;  Audubou,  Birds  Ain.r.  t. 
168 ;  Gray,  1.  c.-^  G.  i>>/rami(lalis,  Salisb.  1.  c.  386.  I/i/pericum  Lusianthm,  h.  .Spec.  ii.  7S3. 
—  Swamps,  uear  the  coast,  Virgiuia  to  Florida  and  Mississippi ;  fl.  earlv  summer. 

§  2.  Franklinia,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  223.  Filaments  elongated,  in  ."> 
distinct  clusters,  each  directly  adnate  to  the  base  of  one  of  the  nearly  distinct 
petals:  style  slender,  deciduous  ;  ovules  6  or  8  in  each  cell,  downwardlv  iml)ri- 
cated:  capsule  globular,  obtuse,  loculicidally  5-valved  from  apex  to  below  the 
middle,  and  then  septicidally  from  base  upward  ;  seeds  closely  packetl  on  tlie 
salient  axile  placenta?,  angled  by  mutual  pressure,  wingless  or  nearly  so ;  end»rvo 
unknown  :  leaves  deciduous.  —  Gray,  1.  c. 

G-.  pubescens,  L'Her.  Tree  or  tall  shrub:  leaves  submeml)ranaoeous  and  veiny,  obovate- 
sp,atulate,  serrulate,  canescently  puberulent  beneath,  tajjcring  at  base,  8hort-j)etioled,  5  to  10 
inches  long :  flowers  sul)sessile,  a.s  large  as  of  preceding  anil  more  o]ien.  —  Stirp.  Nov.  vi. 
156;  Lam.  Diet.  ii.  770;  Cav.  Diss.  vi.  308,  t.  162;  Vent.  Malm.  t.  1  ;  Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb. 
Am.  iii.  135,  t.  2;  Audubon,  Birds  Amer.  t.  185;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  223;  Gray,  Gen.  111. 
t.  142,  &  141  in  part.'  G.  FrankUni,  L'Her.  1.  c.*  Franklinia  AlUimaha,  ALirsh.  Arbust. 
49;  Bartr.  Trav.  16,  467.  Michauxia  sessilis,  Salisb.  1.  c.  386.  Lnratfien  rlonda.SixWah. 
Parad.  Lond.  t.  56.  — Near  Fort  Barrington  on  the  Altamalia  River,  coll.  Bnrtram,  but  not 
since  found  :  now  known  onlv  in  cultivation  ;  fl.  summer. 


Order  XXV.     CHEIRANTIIODENDRE.E. 

By  a.  Gray. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  with  rusty  furfuraceous-tomentulose  stellular  pubesccn<-o, 
alternate  palmately  lobed  leaves,  small  caducous  stipules,  and  hermaphrodito 
terminal  flowers  simply  pentamerous  throughout,  but  apetalous.  ("aly.\  deeply 
5-parted,  colored  but  persistent,  strongly  quincuncial-imbricated,  within  more  or 
less  nectariferous-pitted  at  base,  subtended  by  3  caducous  or  deciduous  bracllela. 

i  Add  svn.  Lasifinthiif,  .Adnns.  Fani.  ii.  398. 

2  Add  S"arfrent,  Silv.  i.  41,  t.  21. 

8  A.ld  Siuafrue  &  Goodale,  Wild  FIowor<".  194,  t.  47. 

4  Add  syn.  G.  Altamalia,  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  ii.  GIG,  &  Silv.  i.  45,  t.  22. 


294  CHEIRANTHODEXDREiE.  Fremonlia. 

Stamens  5,  alternate  with  the  sepals  and  monadelphous ;  anthers  adnate-extrorse, 
2-celled,  the  cells  parallel  and  more  or  less  elongated,  opening  lengthwise. 
Ovary  o-celled  (rarely  and  casually  4-celled),  with  numerous  horizontal  anatropous 
ovules  in  the  axis  ;  a  single  filiform  style  terminated  by  a  minute  undivided 
stigma.  Capsule  hispid,  loculicidally  o-valved ;  seeds  rather  large,  oval  or 
obovoid,  with  crustaceous  naked  testa,  and  a  straight  embryo  nearly  the  length 
of  the  fleshy  albumen ;  the  cotyledons  broadly  oval  and  foliaceous,  plane  except 
some  incurving  of  the  margins ;  radicle  short.  Pollen-grains  smooth,  somewhat 
trigonous,  delicately  reticulated.  —  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  203.  —  Consists 
of  the  Mexican  Hand-tree  (  Cheiranthodendron,  Larreat.,  Gheirostemon,  Humb.  & 
Bonpl.)  and  the  following. 

1.  FREMONTIA,  Torr.  (The  discoverer,  Gen.  John  Charles  Fremont, 
distinguished  Western  explorer.)  —  Bractlets  (3,  sometimes  5  ?)  minute,  caducous. 
Sepals  plane  and  thin  (not  carinate),  roundish,  rotately  spreading  in  anthesis. 
Stamens  regular ;  filaments  at  base  obscurely  adnate  to  the  bottom  of  the  calyx, 
monadelphous  to  or  above  the  middle  ;  anthers  elongated-oblong,  emarginate  at 
both  ends,  adnate  to  a  small  and  narrow  inconspicuous  connective ;  the  cells 
reniform-incurved  and  at  length  contorted  or  flexuous,  obscurely  camerate  and 
sausage-like.  Capsule  ovoid,  firm-coriaceous ;  seeds  smooth  and  not  appen- 
daged.  —  PI.  Frem.  in  Smiths.  Contrib.  vi.  5,  t.  2,  not  of  Emory  Rep.  ;  Hook.  f. 
Bot.  Mag.  t.  5591;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  212,  982;  Masters,  Gard.  Chron. 
1869,  610,  &  Seem.  Jour.  Bot.  vii.  298;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  88;  Gray, 
1.  c.  304.1 

F.  Californica,  Torr.  1.  c.  6.  Branching  shrub  or  arborescent,  4  to  20  feet  high,  with 
hard  wood  and  dark-colored  bark :  leaves  subcoriaceous,  round-cordate  to  round-ovate, 
moderately  3-5-lobed  or  -cleft,  tawny-cauescent  or  ferruginous  beneath,  the  larger  2  inches 
wide :  flowers  short-peduncled  on  very  short  lateral  branches :  calyx  nearly  glabrous, 
accrescent,  thin,  wholly  light  yellow  in  anthesis,  becoming  2  or  3  inches  in  diameter,  mar- 
cescent  in  age,  within  hairy  at  base  and  with  a  small  nectariferous  pit :  capsule  inch  long, 
hispid  with  short  pungent  hairs  ;  the  cells  villous  within.  —  Cheiranthodendron  Culifornlcum, 
Baill.  Hist.  PI.  iv.  70,  but  genera  quite  distinct.2  —  California,  on  dry  hills,  chiefly  of  the 
lower  western  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  from  Hunt's  Val.,  Lake  Co.,  Bolander,  south- 
ward ;  fl.  spring ;  first  coll.  by  Fremont. 


Order  XXVI.    MALVACEAE. 

By  a.  Gray;  the  genera  Anoda,  Wlssadula,  Malachra,  and  Clenfuegosia  revised 
by  B.  L.  Robinson. 

Herbs  or  soft-wooded  shrubs  or  even  trees,  with  bland  mucilaginous  juice, 
tough  fibrous  inner  bark,  alternate  and  mostly  palmiveined  stipulate  leaves  and 
usually  stellate  or  fasciculated  pubescence.  Flowers  usually  hermaphrodite, 
polyandrous  and  monadelphous,  with  calyx  valvate  and  corolla  convolute  in  the 

1  Add  Garden,  xxix.  8,  t.  525,  xxxiii.  562,  566  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  47,  t.  23. 

2  Add  syn.  Fremontodendron  Cnlifornicum,  Coville,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  74. 


MAF.VACK.K.  295 

bud,  both  5-merous,  the  petals  united  at  very  base  and  aduaU;  to  tube  of  filanieutJ* 
(column).  Anthers  reuiionn  and  1-eelled,  dehiscent  rountl  the  convex  bide; 
pollen-graius  hispidulous.  Gyua'cium  oligo-polynierous ;  seeds  anij)ijitroiM»u», 
with  little  albumen  or  none;  embryo  incurved,  and  broad  foliaceous  cotyhflonH 
variously  plicate  or  contortuplicate.  Peduncles  axillary  ;  pedicels  often  articu- 
lated with  the  peduncle  or  under  the  calyx.  Calyx  persistent,  often  subtend.-d 
by  an  iuvolucel  like  an  accessory  calyx,  sometimes  calhd  an  epicuhjx.  —  A  readilv 
distinguished  and  well  defined  order.  The  tropical  suborder  JJumbaceee  consists 
of  trees. 

Tkibe  I.  MALOPE.E,  with  indefinitely  ninuerous  l-scecK-d  carpels  conppsted  witK- 
out  order  or  in  a  5-lobed  liead,  has  no  N.  American  rt'i)resentativ<'s.  Malope  tntila- 
coides,  L.,  a  European  annual,  sometimes  cultivated  in  gardens,  is  in  \Vah<r's 
Flora,  probably  by  mistake;  and  Elliott's  plant,  from  his  own  account  and 
opinion,  was  a  mallow.     Kitaibelia,  of  Hungary,  is  in  gardens. 

Tribe  II.  MALVE^E.  Carjjels  as  many  as  the  style-branches  and  stigmas, 
crowded  or  combined  in  a  single  .series  around  a  central  axis  from  which  tln-y 
commonly  separate  at  maturity,  1-few-ovulate.  Stamineal  column  antlu-rift-rous 
at  the  summit. 

Subtribe  I.  Eumalve.e.  Style-branches  filiform,  longitudinally  stigmatose  ante- 
riorly. Carpels  numerous  or  rarely  few,  mostly  reniforni  and  indehi.scent,  contain- 
ing a  solitary  peritropous-ascending  ovule  and  reniforni  seed. 

*  Stamens  simply  inonadelphous :  flowers  (hermaphrodite)  involuciUate  undfT  the  c.ilvx 
by  three  or  more  bractlets,  except  in  some  species  of  VaUirhoe. 

1 .  MALVA.  Involiuel  of  3  or  rarely  2  distinct  small  hractlets.  Calyx  5-cloft.  Petals oln-iir- 
diito  or  deeply  emargiiiate.  Mature  carpels  rouud-reiiiform,  beaklcs.-*,  much  comiiro!«»e<l, 
cohering  in  a  depressed  circle  around  the  axis  (wiiich  is  not  expanded  or  enlarged  at  tojt), 
at  length  separating  from  it  and  from  each  other.     Herbs,  of  the  Old  World. 

2.  ALTH^A.  Involucel  of  several  (6  to  9  or  more)  bractlets  more  or  less  gamopliyllous 
at  base.     Flowers  and  fruit  of  Mulva. 

3.  LAVATERA  §  Savixiona.  Involucel  of  3  more  or  less  gamophyllous  bractlets.  Pet.ils 
reflexed  after  anthesis.  emarginate  or  truncate,  unguiculate.  Stamineal  column  clonj^atcd. 
Axis  of  fruit  with  more  or  less  conical  top.  Carpels  l)eakless.  Slirubby.  Flower->t;ilks 
articulated  above  the  middle. 

4.  CALLIRHOE.  Involucel  l-3-j)liyllous  or  wanting.  I'et.ils  cuneiform  or  flalHlliform. 
the  bro.ad  truncate  .summit  erose-denticulate.  Mature  carpels  (10  to  20)  straighti.>ih  or  little 
incurved,  compressed,  more  or  less  beaked  or  ajiiculate,  the  incurved  slmrt  lieak  in  tvpic.il 
species  with  cavity  separated  from  that  containing  the  seed.  IVrennials  with  thick  and 
farinaceous  napiform  or  fusiform  root,  one  or  two  species  excepted. 

*  *   Stamens  more  or  less  united  into  phalanges  in  a  double  . series :  flowers  hermaphr<Mliie 
or  by  aliortion  of  stamens  sometimes  ditecio-polygamous,  mostly  without  involucel. 

5.  SIDALCEA.  Calyx  .5-clcft  or  -parted.  Petals  commonly  emarginate  or  tmnratc. 
Stamineal  column  in  the  typical  species  distinctly  double;  the  exterior  serie.t  distinctly 
below  the  summit  of  the  common  .«ynema  and  of  .'>  distinct  4-10  antherifen^u.-*  phalnnps ; 
inner  or  terminal  series  of  about  10  mostly  2  antheriferous  phalanges,  or  irrei;»l.irly  more 
or  less  geminate  stamens.  Carpels  .')  to  9,  reniforni,  at  maturity  separating  from  n  jK-rsi.-tcnt 
axis,  then  more  lacerate  ventrally,  rarely  somewhat  2-valved. 

*  *   *   Stamens  at  summit   of  simple  column,  not  in   plialanges :    flowers  diuciou.'* :    no 
involucel. 

6.  NAP.£A.  Calyx  .short,  not  angul.ate,  .Vlobed.  Petals  olK.vate,  ontiro.  The  ^  flowrn* 
with  1.5  to  20  stamens  in  a  single   series,   and  a  mere  rudiment  of   pintil  ;   the  9  flowers 


296  MALVACEAE. 

with  short  column  1 5-20-toothed  and  no  anthers  or  bare  rudiments.  Filiform  style-branches 
8  to  10.  Carpels  at  maturity  sej)aratiug  from  very  small  central  axis,  beakless,  barely 
apiculate,  hardly  at  all  reuiforni,  cliartaceo-coriaceous,  smooth,  closed,  or  at  length  opening 
ventrally  or  even  2-valved ;  seed  reniform. 

Subtribe  II.  Side^.  (Sklece  kAbutilece,  Gray,  Gen.  1\\.  i'l. -^7.)  Style-branches  ter- 
minated by  a  capitate  or  truncate  stigma.     Carpels  1-few-ovulate. 

*  Seeds  1  to  3  in  each  carpel,  reniform,  at  least  the  lower  from  an  ascending  ovule  and  the 
radicle  inferior :  calyx  usually  more  or  less  involucellate-bracteolate. 

7.  MALVASTRUM.  Ovule  and  seed  solitary,  conformed  to  the  rounded  cavity  of  the 
carpel. 

8.  SPHERAL CE A.  Ovules  1  to  3  and  seeds  1  or  2  sometimes  3  in  each  carpel,  the  cell 
of  which  is  more  or  less  extended  and  empty  above,  usually  rugose-reticulated  below. 

9.  MODIOLA.  Ovules  and  seeds  2,  one  in  each  compartment  of  the  transversely  septate 
carpel ;  radicle  in  both  seeds  inferior  or  descending.  Stamens  only  10  to  20,  all  at  very 
apex  of  the  column,  when  only  10  indistinctly  collected  in  five  2-antheriferous  plialanges, 
the  additional  stamens  when  present  singly  interposed. 

*  *  Seeds  solitary  or  few  in  each  carpel,  at  least  the  lower  one  resupinate-pendulous, 
turgid,  usually  obscurely  and  obtusely  trigonous  or  cordiform ;  the  radicle  in  pendulous 
seeds  superior  or  ascending :  no  involucel  under  the  calyx  or  (in  one  section  of  Sida)  this 
represented  by  1  to  3  setaceous  deciduous  bractlets :  carpels  tardily  if  at  all  deciduous  at 
maturity,  not  rarely  hanging  for  some  time  by  a  tliread  or  dorsal  partly  detached  nerve. 

•1—  Carpels  3-ovuled,  1-2-seeded  ;  lower  part  in  fruit  strongly  reticulate,  upper  scarious,  in 
the  manner  common  in  Spkceralcea. 

10.  HORSFORDIA.  Upper  pair  of  ovules  abortive,  or  all  three  fertile.  Carpels  8  to  12, 
disjoined  at  maturity,  early  2-valved  above,  converting  the  upper  and  usually  empty  scarious 
portion  into  a  pair  of  erect  and  somewhat  spreading  wings,  which  equal  or  exceed  the  firm 
reticulated  basal  portion.     Shrubs. 

-1—  -1—  Carpels  1-ovuled,  the  cell  usually  filled  by  the  seed. 

1 1.  ANODA.  Ovule  and  seed  resupinate-horizontal  or  in  some  pendulous.  Carpels  5  to  20, 
mostly  radiate-divergent  in  a  depressed  capsule  which  breaks  up  at  maturity,  the  partitions 
or  sides  of  the  carpels  evanescent  or  obliterated,  tiie  firmer  dorsal  and  superior  portion 
(commonly  bearing  a  divergent  cusp)  partly  embracing  the  (naked  or  arilliform-coated) 
turgid  seed.     Calyx  usually  explanate  under  the  fruit. 

1 2.  SIDA.  Ovule  and  seed  pendulous.  Carpels  with  enduring  walls,  not  divergent,  either 
pointless  or  with  single  or  geminate  erect  or  incumbent  cusps  or  awns. 

-)—  -1—  -I—  Carpels  2-9-ovuled,  1-9-seeded;  their  summits  or  cusps  (if  any)  usually  di- 
vergent. 

13.  WISSADULA.  Carpels  5,  transversely  and  imperfectly  bilocellate  or  constricted  in 
the  middle ;  upper  and  divergent  portion  2-valved,  containing  one  or  two  ascending  or 
horizontal  seeds  (rarely  seedless) ;  lower  subclavate,  mostly  with  a  single  pendulous  seed. 

14.  ABUTILON.  Carpels  5  to  30,  homomorphous  and  continuous,  3-9-ovuled,  tardily  if  at 
all  separating,  apically  and  dorsally  dehiscent  or  at  length  2-valved. 

Tribe  III.  U RENEGE.  Carpels  or  cells  of  the  ovary  5,  half  as  many  as  the  style- 
branches  and  capitate  stigmas,  opposite  the  petals,  uniovulate.  Stamineal  column 
antheriferous  along  the  upper  part,  but  not  at  the  truncate  or  5-toothed  summit. 
Seeds  ascending ;  radicle  superior. 

*  Carpels  dry,  akene-like,  separating  at  maturity,  with  or  without  a  narrow  axis. 

15.  MALACHRA.  Flowers  several  and  sessile  in  a  capitate  or  glomerate  leafy-involucrate 
cluster.  Calyx  not  involucellate,  5-cleft,  the  lobes  3-nerved.  Stamineal  column  short,  bear- 
ing about  20  stamens  near  its  naked  apex.  Mature  carpels  obovoid  and  ventrally  angulate, 
pointless  and  naked,  somewhat  dehiscent  ventrally. 


■^'^"a-  MALVACK.K.  297 

16.  URENA.  Flowers  often  glomerate  l.ut  not  iuvolucrate.earli  iuvolurollatc  l.y  a  wliorl  of 
5  partly  unitt-d  hractlets,  connate  with  lia»e  of  calyx.  t>tanaueal  column  hlicrt.  Maturv 
carpel.-i  indeliisceut,  glocliiiiiate  over  the  entire  surface. 

17.  PAVONIA.  Flowers  |..dunculate.  Calyx  iuvolucellate  hy  a  whorl  of  3  to  15  uarmw 
bractlut.s.  Stamiueal  column  either  rather  short  or  elongated!  CariHils  (in  <.un*  indehin- 
cent)  rounded,  either  muticou.s  and  unarmed  or  1-3-awned,  these  awns  or  sjiines  itonictimea 
retrorsely  barbed  or  glochidiate. 

*  *  Carpels  combined  into  a  globular  drupaceous  berry,  in  age  the  nutlets  becoming  dry 
and  separating. 

18.  MALVAVISCUS.  Calyx  invohuellate  with  7  to  12  narn.w  bractlets.  IVuls  unequal- 
sidi'd,  St ruiiirly  convolute,  and  witii  a  lateral  lobelet  or  auricle  l>el..w,  whicii  holds  them  erect 
in  anthesis.     Stamineal  column  long  and  slender,  exserte<l,  sparsely  antheriferous. 

Tribk  IV.  HIBISCE^E.  Carpels  or  cells  of  the  ovary  (3  to  Kt)  of  the  same  iiuiul»er 
as  the  style-branches  and  stigmas.  Fruit  a  loculicidalcapsuie  ;  cells  opposit*?  tli.« 
sepals  when  of  the  same  number;  no  central  colunni.  .Stamineal  column  antln-rif- 
erous  along  the  upper  part,  but  not  at  the  truncate  or  5-toothed  .summit.  Stigma.s 
capitate  orcapitellate. 

*   Style-branches  distinct  ami  spreading:  seeds  mostly  reniform. 

19.  KOSTELETZKYA.  Bractlets  of  the  involucel  several  or  .sometimes*  nearly  wanting. 
Ovary  o-celled,  a  solitary  ascending  ovule  in  each  cell.    Capsule  depressed,  saliently  5-angled. 

20.  HIBISCUS.  Bractlets  of  the  involucel  several,  sometimes  few  or  almost  wanting. 
Ovary  ami  capsule  S-celled;  the  cells  (rarely  2-locellate  by  a  false  partition)  2-many-ovuled, 
few  -  many -seeded. 

*  *  Style  undivided,  bearing  3  to  5  se.ssile  stigmas  at  the  mostly  tliickened  summit :  seeds 
not  reniform;  cotyledons  much  conduplicate  and  crumpled. 

21.  THESPESIA.  Involucel  of  3  to  5  small  and  narrow  commonly  decidmtus  bractlets. 
Calyx  truncate  or  tardily  .5-lobed.     Capsule  nearly  iudehiscent,  woody<'oriaceou8,  5-celled, 

few-seoded.     Cordate-leaved  trees. 

22.  CIENFUEGOSIA.  Involucel  of  few  or  several  small  or  narrow  bractlets.  or  nearly 
ob.soIete.  Calyx  deeply  5-cleft.  Capsule  loculicidal,  of  3  or  4  or  rarely  5  cells  and  valves, 
few-seeded  ;  cotyledons  not  dark-dotted.     Shrubby  or  sulTrutescent. 

23.  INGENHOUZIA.  Involucel  of  3  triangular-lanceolate  entire  herbaceous  bractlets, 
persistent.  Calyx  saucer-shaped,  trimcate.  Stigma  obscurely  3-lobed.  Capsule  gloimlar, 
coriaceous,  3-celled,  3-valved ;  valves  partly  villous  inside  ;  seeds  5  to  8  in  each  cell,  tomeu- 
tulose-puberulent  and  glabrate  ;  cotyledons  dark-dotted. 

24.  GOSSYPIUM.  Involucel  of  3  ample  and  cordate  laciniate  or  dentate  foliaceous 
br.ictlets  distinct  or  united  at  ba.se,  persistent.  Calyx  truncate  or  ."i-lolied.  .Stigm.-is  and 
valves  and  cells  of  the  capsule  .'J,  rarely  fewer;  seeds  numerous,  very  long-woolly,  rarely 
naked ;  cotyledons  dark-dotted. 

1.  MALVA,  Tourn.  Mallow.  (The  ancient  Latin  name.)  —  Inst.  04, 
in  part;  L.  Gen.  no.  557;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  2U7.' —  Herbs.  suninuT- 
flowering,  with  rose-colored  or  white  petiils.  A  genus  of  the  01<1  World.  whi«-li, 
now  expurgated  of  heterogeneous  elements  (Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  •<••.  ll*,  t.  ll(>), 
should  the  rather  include  the  two  following,  these  diflfering  only  in  unessential 
and  varying  particulars. 

*  Flowers  only  from  upper  axils,  .surpa.ssing  the  subtontling  leaves,  forming  a  («onie«  Iwt 
racemose  or  paniculate  inflorescence  at  the  summit  of  stem  and  Iminches :  pot.ils  much 
longer  than  calyx  :  .stems  erect  from  a  perennial  r<M>t:  radical  leaves  rordj%te-n>tund  and 
little  lobed;  cauline  fleejily  cleft  or  di.s.«ected  :  cscajn-d  from  cultivation. 

I  Add  E.  G.  Hakor.  .Tour.  Hot.  xxviii.  242. 


298  MALVACEAE.  Malva. 

M.  moschAta,  L.  (Musk  Mallow.)  Pubescent  with  spreading  mostly  simple  hairs :  lower 
(rarely  all)  leaves  suborbicular,  rather  shallowly  inciseii ;  middle  and  upper  cauline  leaves 
deepl}'  5-parted  and  the  divisions  palmately  or  piunately  parted  into  linear  lobes :  carpels  in 
fruit  rounded  on  the  back,  very  hairy.  —  Spec.  ii.  690.' — Waste-grounds  and  roadsides, 
near  dwellings  occasionally.     (Nat.  from  Eu.)     In  Maine  called  Musk  Rose. 

M.  Alcea,  L.  Pubescence  short  and  stellular :  cauline  leaves  5-])arted  into  oblong  or  broadly 
linear  and  barely  incised  divisions :  flowers  larger :  carpels  glabrous.  —  Spec.  ii.  689.  — 
Roadsides  in  a  few  places,  E.  New  England  and  Michigan.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

*   *   Flowers  fascicled  in  the  axils  of  most  of  tiie  leaves,  surpassed  by  their  long  petioles  : 
leaves  round-cordate  or  reniform  and  merely  obtusely  lobed  :  root  annual  or  biennial. 

-t-  Flowers  large  and  showy,  1 1  to  2  inches  in  diameter :  bractlets  rather  broad,  oblong  or 
ovate-lanceolate. 
M.  SYLVESTKis,  L.  1.  c.  (HiGH  Mallow.)  Hairy:  stem  erect,  a  foot  to  a  yard  high, 
leaves  5-7-lobed :  flowers  an  inch  or  more  in  diameter,  generally  mauve-  or  reddish-purple : 
carpels  about  10,  reticulate- rugose  on  the  back  and  with  angled  edges,  glabrous  or  short- 
pubescent.  —  Roadsides,  &c.,  escaped  from  cultivation  in  some  places.     (Nat.  from  Eu.) 

■h-  -t—  Flowers  smaller:  bractlets  narrower,  lanceolate  to  oblong-linear. 

M.*  verticillAta,  L.  1.  c.  Erect  subsimple  or  branching  mostly  snioothish  annual  with 
large  shallowly  5-7-lohed  crenate  leaves :  flowers  subsessile,  puri)lish  or  nearly  white  :  calyx 
tending  to  close  in  fruit:  carpels  at  maturity  scarcely  reticulated,  the  transverse  ridges 
starting  at  the  edges  not  branched  and  not  attaining  the  fine  straight  rarely  obscure  mid- 
nerve.  —  A  troublesome  weed  in  gardens  about  Middlebury,  Vt.,  Brainerd.  (Adv.  from 
Asia,  N.  Afr.) 

M.*  CRfspA,  L.  (Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  1147),  the  Curled  Mallow  of  the  gardens,  near 
which  it  is  sometimes  spontaneous,  a  species  of  uncertain  nativity,  is  perhaps,  as  originally  con- 
ceived by  Linnaeus  (Spec.  ii.  689),  merely  a  variety  of  the  preceding,  from  which  it  differs 
chiefly  in  the  more  finely  crenulate  and  undulate  leaf-margins. 

M.  ROTUNDiFOLiA,  L.  (CoMMON  or  DwAKF  Mallow.)  Pubcsccnt  Or  almost  glabrous: 
stems  procumbent  from  a  large  and  deep  firm  root:  leaves  rounded,  slightly  5-7-lobed, 
crenate:  corolla  barely  half  inch  in  diameter,  surpassing  the  calyx,  pale:  carpels  about  1.5, 
puberulent  and  rounded  but  not  reticulated  on  the  back.  —  Spec.  ii.  688;  Gray,  Gen.  111. 
ii.  t.  116. — A  common  weed,  extending  across  the  continent,  especially  abimdant  in  the 
Atlantic  States  and  northward  ;  fl.  spring  to  autumn.  (Nat.  from  Eu.) 
M.*  parvifl6ra,  L.2  Glabrous  or  sparsely  hairy :  stems  erect  or  ascending  from  an  annual 
root :  leaves  somewhat  angulate-lobed :  pedicels  short :  calyx  larger  than  in  the  preceding 
or  with  broader  lobes,  widely  spreading  under  the  fruit:  carpels  glabrous,  sharply  and 
transversely  reticulate-rugose  on  the  back,  the  margins  of  which  are  somewhat  winged  and 
denticulate. — Diss.  Dem.  PI.,  Amoen.  Acad.  iii.  416;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  433;  Jacq.  Hort.  Vind. 
t.  39;  Greene,  W.  Am.  Sci.  iii.  155.  M.  borenlis,  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  15,  &  Gen.  111.  t.  116.  f.  5, 
6 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  83,  at  least  in  great  part ;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb, 
i.  31,  ii.  36 ;  not  Liljebl.  M.  rotundifulla  (borealis),  Fries,  Novit.  ed.  2,  218.  M.  ohtusa,  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  225.  —  Abundant  on  the  Pacific  Coast  from  Brit.  Columbia  to  S.  California 
and  Mexico,  east  to  Texas ;  also  locally  established  in  waste  places  in  the  Atlantic  States. 
(Nat.  from  Eu.?)  Varying  greatly  in  size,  and  under  the  most  favorable  circumstances,  as 
in  S.  California,  attaining  gigantic  stature  for  an  annual. 
M.*  PusfLLA,  Smith.  Similar  in  habit  and  foliage  to  the  last  preceding  species :  calyx-lobes 
mostly  closed  over  the  fruit :  pedicels  usually  somewhat  longer,  tending  to  be  reflexed  in 
fruit :  carpels  dorsally  rugose-reticulate,  at  first  tomentulose,  later  nearly  or  quite  glabrate ; 
margins  obscurely  if  at  all  denticulate,  not  at  all  winged.  —  Eng.  Bot.  t.  241.    M.  }iarviflora, 

1  The  M.  Alcea  of  Rand  &  Redfield's  Fl.  Mt.  Desert  is  an  exceptional  fonn  of  M.  moschata,  with 
none  of  the  leaves  deepU'  cleft. 

^  Dr.  Gray  did  not  recognize  the  American  occurrence  of  this  species,  which  under  the  name 
M-  borealis  was  confused  with  the  next. 


Lavatera.  .MA1.\  ACK.K.  299 

Hulls.  Fl.  Ang.  307,  not  L.  M.  horealis  ["  Wallm.  in  "]  Liljebl.  Sv.  Fl.  c<l.  3, 374  ;  Kcicheub. 
If.  Bot.  Crit.  t.  JO;  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1825;  K.  U.  Hiiker.  Jour.  H..t.  xxviii.  341.  .»/.  Sir„e„n», 
of  several  Am.  autli<tr.-i,  not  of  Allioni. — (Vntr.  and  S.  California,  alnjul  dwelliuf^B,  &<•.,  cou 
siileral)ly  less  frei|ui-nt  than  tlu-  la.xt,  from  wiiicii  it  can  «omftini<-j<  wanely  be  diittiuguiitheU ; 
also  rarely  fouml  on  lialla.xt  in  the  Atlantic  States.     (Nat.  from  Ku.) 

2.  ALTH-<^A,  Tuuru.  (Aucieiit  Greek  and  Latin  nam.- of  Maic-ii  Mal- 
low, from  akduy,  to  heal.)  —  Old  World  herbs;  A.  itosK.v,  C'av.,  th.-  Hollvhotrk, 
eouimon  in  cultivation,  and  the  following  sparingly  naturalized.  —  In.sL 'j7  ;  L. 
Gen.  no.  561. 

A.  okkicinAlIS,  L.  (.M.xusii  M.u.i.ow.)  Perennial  fmrn  a  thi.k  ami  .hej.  r<H»t  (which 
yields  the  mucilage  for  which  the  i)lant  is  ofticinal),  2  to  4  fctt  hi;,'h,  hranc  hiiiK,  tom»nl<«*- 
canescent:  leaves  broadly  ovate,  serrate,  ])artly  iuci.-<ed  or  3-loiied :  jiedundcH  axill:irv, 
short,  several-Howered :  Howers  short-pedicelled :  petals  pale  rose-color,  iialf  incli  lonjj : 
carpels  15  to  20. — Spec.  ii.  686;  Fl.  l)au.  t.  530;  Woodv.  .Med.  i.  t.  .M ;  Torr.  &  (Jray.  H. 
i.  229.  —  Borders  of  salt  marshes,  Kew  England  and  New  York,  also  in  a  few  places  went- 
ward  and  southward  to  Michigan  aud  Arkansas;  fl.  summer.  (Nat.  from  Eu.) 
A.*  c.\snAbix.\,  L.  (Si)ec.  ii.  686),  readily  distinguished  from  the  prece<ling  by  its  dipi- 
tately  5-parted  or  -divided  leaves,  ha.s  been  found  more  or  le.ss  established  in  vacant  lots  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  G.  Oliver  (ace.  to  Holm,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  vii.  40). 

3.  LAVATERA,  Tourn.  (Dedicated  by  Tournefort  to  one  of  the  family 
Lavater,  a  physician,  of  Zurich.)  —  Mem.  Acad.  Paris,  170G,  80.  t.  7  ;  L.  Gen. 
no.  558;  Dill.  Cat.  PI.  Giss.  App.  155,  t.  10.^ — Founded  on  the  common  an- 
nual L.  trimestris,  L.,  of  the  gardens  (§  Stegia,  DC),  which  has  an  nmbn-ll.i- 
shaped  top  to  the  axis  of  the  fruit.  In  the  other  sections  of  tin-  genus  the  t(tp  is 
conical,  either  large  or  small.  All  Old  World  plants  (most  of  them  shrubliy), 
except  the  following,  of  the  §  Savimona  {Saviniona,  Webb  &  IJerth.  I'hyt.  Can. 
i.  30),  which  are  insular  arborescent  shrubs  (Canarian  and  Californian  !)  with 
long-petioled  maple-shaped  leaves,  small  caducous  stipules,  and  a  distinct  joint  in 
the  flower-stalk  at  some  distance  below  the  flower. 

L.  assurgentiflora,  Kellogg.  Shrub  with  simple  stems,  6  to  15  feet  high,  soft-pubern- 
lent  or  ulalnate,  the  youug  parts  sometimes  canescent :  leaves  5-7-cleft,  3  to  6  (or  at  largest 
even  9)  inches  broad;  lobes  ovate-triangular,  coarsely  and  irregularly  obtu.sely  dentate: 
pedicels  few  in  the  fascicles  or  rarely  solitary,  slender,  inch  or  two  long,  commonly  recnrvtd- 
assurgeut:  bractlets  of  the  3-partcd  involucel  oblong-lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  triangular 
moderately  accrescent  calyx-lobes:  petals  cuneiform  and  truncate  or  obconlate,  inch  or 
more  long,  mauve-purple  and  darker-veined ;  claw  bearded-pubescent  at  base :  column  gla- 
brous :  fruit  below  strongly  winged  between  the  carpels  and  apex  not  dilated  nor  exserted  ; 
mature  carpels  6  to  8,  turgid,  roundish  and  nearly  nerveless  on  the  back,  glabrous  or  almost 
so.  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  11,  14 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  83,  ii.  437.—  I.slands  off 
the  coast  of  S.  California,  Anacapa,'-  San  Clcmente,  San  Miguel,  &c.,  and  natunilizwl  or 
cultivated  on  the  mainland  as  far  north  as  San  Francisco  ; »  fl.  from  earliest  spring.  Near 
the  Canarian  L.  acerifolia,  Cav.,  and  considerably  variable. 

1  Add  E.  G.  Baker,  Jour.  Bot.  xxviii.  210  (et  $eq.),  and  f<«r  fiirlher  literature  on  the  orifjin  mid 
distribution  of  the  Pacific  species  of  this  interesting  and  peopraphicnlly  dissevered  p'nu!*,  ^et•  I.*  Conie, 
Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  516;  Greene,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  378,  379,  &  Pittonia,  i.  260-26a  ;  Brandcprt!. 
Zee,  i.  109,  189;  Parish,  ibid.  300. 

2  Upon  the  small  rocky  Island  of  Anacapa,  from  which,  it  is  said,  the  oriRinnl  «i«*cimen»  were 
secured,  the  species  has  not  since  been  observed  and  may  now  be  extinct,  although  found  on  v«rit>u» 
neifrhbnring  islands. 

a  Mr.  T.  S.  Urandeffee  (Zoe.  i.  189)  states  that  it  is  cultivated  as  far  north  as  Mendocino  Co.,  C«lif., 
and  inland  to  the  foot-hills  of  the  Sierras. 


300  MALVACEAE.  Lavatera. 

Li.  insularis,  "Watson.     Low,  cinereous-puberulent :   leaves  7-lobed;  the  lobes  roundish- 
oval,  \  erv  obtuse  and  obtusely  dentate  :  pedicels  less  tliau  incli  lonf^,  sliorter  than  the  tiower, 
at  lengtli  detiexed  :  bractlets  of  involucel  spatulate,  almost  distinct,  rather  sliorter  than  the 
flowering  and  much  shorter  than  the  largely  accrescent  fructiferous  calyx :  petals  spatulate- 
obovate,  emargiuate,  inch  and  a  half  long,  purplish,  naked  at  base  of  claws :  column  gla- 
brous :  fruit  nearly  of  the  preceding,  of  about  10  carpels.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  249,  &  Bot. 
Calif,  ii.  437.  —  Corouados  Islands  near  San  Diego,  S.  California,  Cleveland. 
L.  occidentAlis,  Watson,  Froc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  113,  124;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  83, 
of  Guadalupe  Island  off  Lower  California,  differs  from  the  last  preceding  (wliich  may  be  a 
form  of  it)  in  the  oblong  bractlets  of  involucel  more  united  at  base,  and  a  moderately  dilated 
depressed-conical  top  to  the  axis  of  fruit. 

L.  ven6sa,  Watson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  249,  coll.  by  Dr.  Streets  on  San  Benito  Island, 
Lower  California,  in  incomplete  specimens, i  has  somewhat  similar  leaves,  but  slender  pedicels 
(an  inch  or  two  long),  oval  bractlets  of  involucel  nearly  distinct  and  equalling  the  calyx, 
smaller  purple  and  dark-veiny  petals,  their  claws  with  hairy  tufts  at  base  (in  the  manner  of 
the  first  species),  and  more  compressed  carpels  with  striate-nerved  sides. 

4.  CALLIRHOE,  Nutt.  (KaXXtppo'?;,  the  name  of  more  than  one  mytho- 
logical female.)  —  E.  North  American  herbs,  with  mostly  showy  crimson-purple 
or  flesh-colored  flowers.  Cauline  leaves  palmately  or  pedately  dissected ;  stipules 
free.  — Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  ii.  181  (on  species  destitute  of  involucel)  ;  Gray,  PL 
Fendl.  16,  &  Gen.  111.  ii.  51,  t.  117,  118.^  NuttaUia,  Bart.  Fl.  X.  A.  ii.  t.  62; 
Hook.  Exot.  Fl.  t.  171,  172. 

§  1.  Perennials,  some  perhaps  biennials,  with  thick  and  farinaceous  napiform 
or  fusiform  root:  mature  carpels  of  rounded  or  subreuiform  outline. 

*  Carpels  with  small  and  deciduous  beak  or  point,  or  none,  even  on  the  back  and  the  thin 
sides  not  rugose,  at  length  often  2-valved :  involucel  3-phyllous  :  calyx  .5-lobed  to  the 
middle  :  peduncles  short,  umbellately  few-several-flowered :  stipules  small :  root  fusiform. 

C.  triangulata,  Gray.  Roughish-pubescent,  erect,  2  feet  high :  radical  and  lower  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate  with  deeply  cordate  base  to  deltoid  or  slightly  hastate,  crenate,  rarely  in- 
cised or  pedately  cleft;  upper  cauline  variously  and  often  deeply  cleft  and  the  lobes  narrow, 
some  pedately  hastate :  pedicels  about  the  length  of  the  flower :  bractlets  of  involucel 
spatulate,  rather  small,  seldom  equalling  the  deltoid-ovate  obscurely  1-nerved  calyx-lobes: 
petals  purple,  three  fourths  inch  long,  the  summit  repand.  —  PI.  Fendl.  16,  Gen.  111.  ii. 
t.  118,  f.  6,  7,  &  Man.  ed.  5,  100.  Malra  trianr/ulata,  Leaveuw.  Am.  .lour.  Sci.  vii.  62.  M. 
Howjhtonii,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  225,  681.  Nattallia  cordifolia,  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Philad. 
vii.  98.  N.  triangulata,  Hook.  .Jour.  Bot.  i.  197.  —  Sand)'  barrens  and  prairies,  Alabama  and 
N.  Carolina  to  Indiana  and  Minnesota ;  fl.  summer. 

*  *  Carpels  indehiscent,  with  rugose-reticulated  back  and  sides  up  to  the  short  and  broad  in- 
flexed  beak  :  involucel  3-phyllous,  close  to  the  .'i-parted  calyx  :  sepals  lanceolate,  elongated, 
3-5-nerved  :  peduncles  elongated,  1-flowered  :  stipules  conspicuous,  OA-ate  :  perennial  root 
najjiform,  large  ;  fl.  summer. 

C.  involucrata,  Gray.  Hirsute  or  even  hispid  :  stems  procumbent :  leaves  of  rounded  out- 
line, palmately  or  pedately  .5-7-parted  or  deeply  cleft,  and  the  mostly  cuneate  divisions  in- 
cisely  lobed,  the  lobes  oblong  to  lanceolate  :  peduncles  surpassing  the  leaves :  bractlets  of 
involucel  linear  to  oblong,  about  half  the  length  of  the  spreading  calyx-lobes  :  petals  com- 
monly inch  long  and  crimson-purple  or  clierry-red,  varying  to  paler,  the  edge  of  the  broad 
summit  erose-<lenticulate  :  carpels  18  to  2.5,  pubescent  externally  or  the  beak  hairy,  at  length 
glabrate.  —  PI.  Fendl.  15,  16,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  159,  &   Gen.  111.  t.   117;  Meelian,  Native 

1  This  species  has  since  been  secured  by  Lt.  Pond  and  bv  Dr.  Julir.  Palmer,  who.se  much  better 
material  fully  confirms  the  characters  upon  which  the  species  was  based.  See  Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  261- 
263,  and  Vasey  &  Rose,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  21. 

2  Add  E.  6.  Baker,  Jour.  Bot.  xxix.  49. 


CalUrhoe.  MALVACK.i:.  301 

Flowers,  ser.  1,  ii.  t.  2  ;  Sprajjuo  &  GooUalo,  Wild  FIdwcth,  t.  26.  C.  rrrtirillata,  (iru-ul. 
Kfv.  Ilort.  1862,  171,  with  jiliUe.  T. /Hi/mu/<i.  Huckl.  I'nx-.  AcimI.  I'liihwi.  IKGI.  4-19,  iiin:ill 
form,  pale-fluweietl.i  Snlinliai  inrolninilti,  Nutt.  t 'Inrr.  Ann.  Iac  .\.  V.  ii.  IT:i.  Mulm 
involitcrulu,  Torr.  &  Ciray,  Fl.  i.  22(> ;  Hook.  Hot.  Maj;.  t.  4i)MI.  —  I'laiiin,  .Minni-n')ia,  F.iwUm 
Iowa  and  Nebra.ska  to  'le.xa."* ;  H.  all  Huninic-r.  N'arii-.n  in  h'\/a'  :.nd  I'dor  of  llowtr,  hairiiiCM, 
and  hrcadtli  of  leaf-lolie.-! :  pa.s.sing  into 

Var.  lineaxiloba,  (Jkay.  Lt-s-s  hirsnti-,  or  with  only  flow  and  Mhort  jmlioitconco.  or 
almost  glal>ri>ii.s  :  stems  a.sccndin^  :  h-avcs  smaller,  inch  or  two  in  diameti-r  ;  u|i|Mr  or  all  of 
them  dissected  into  linear  iohes  :  eorolla  pink  or  lilae,  often  with  white  cenln- :  <-ar|>«<|K  |;la- 
brate.  —  Proc.  Acad.  I'hilad.  lS(i2,  101.  ('.  liumrilolMt,  (Jniy,  I'ro<-.  Am  Acad.  xix.  74. 
Mdlva  involucrata,  var.  liiiearilobu,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  J/.  linrariliAm,  Vourig,  Fl.  Tcxait, 
180. — Texas,  first  coll.  by  Berlandier,  then  by  iJrummoud.  (.Mex.,  (irrqrj,  I'almrr;^  Lc.) 
*  *  *  Carpels  rugose-retieulate<l  at  mat nrity,  the  short  and  broad  hollow  U-ak  in<iirv»Ml : 
invohuel  none  or  in  C  Pn/Kirir  l-.l-phyllous :  calyx  .'i-partiil,  the  tajK-rin^  acute  or  acu- 
minate lohcs  3-uerved :  peduncles  1-tlowered  :  stipules  not  lar;;e  :  root  napifonn. 

C.  alcseoides,  (Jijay.  A  span  to  a  foot  high,  erect,  strigulose-puliCHcent  or  glabratc  :  radi- 
cal leaves  oliloiig-  or  deltoid-c(jrdate  and  coarsely  crenate  or  incised,  or  »ome  j>edatfly  3-i- 
parted  into  ol)long  or  linear  divisions  or  lobes,  the  mi<ldle  one  longer;  canlinc  more  divided  : 
peduncles  corymbo.sely  api)roxinKite  at  summit  of  stem,  an  inch  or  mon;  long :  calyx  3  U>  5 
lines  long:  petals  half  inch  or  more  long,  rosc-c<jlor  or  j)ale:  carpels  disjxised  to  dehi.s<ence. 
—  IM.  Femll.  18,  &  Man.  ed.  5,  100  ;  Wats.  Bibl.  In.lex,  i:J2.  C.  nlr,ii,i,hx  &.  ('.  m,irr„rh,:„. 
Gray,  I'l.  Feudl.  18,  &  Gen.  111.  ii.  53.  SiJd  alca-oiJes,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  44  ;  Torr.  &  (iriy,  Fl. 
i.  234,  681.  Siiia  macrorhlza,  James  fide  Wats.  1.  c.  M(dra  pedtita,  var.?  umMlnUi,  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  227. —  Barrens  and  plains,  Tennessee  and  Kentucky,  Michaux,  iJr.  Curre^; 
rare.     Nebraska  and  Kansas  to  Texas  ;  first  coll.  by  James. 

C.  Papaver,  Gu.vy.  Sparsely  hirsute  or  partly  glabrous :  stems  a  foot  or  two  high,  ascend- 
ing, slender,  rather  naked  above:  leaves  mostly  pedately  3-5parte<l,  the  radical  into  obl.mg 
or  lanceolate,  and  cauliue  into  narrowly  lanceolate  or  linear  divisions  of  about  e(|ual  length, 
the  larger  ones  2  or  3  inches  long:  jtedundes  few.  elongated,  much  surpa.ssitig  the  leaves: 
involucel  commonly  of  3  linear  bractlets,  often  a  little  remote  from  calyx,  sometimes  want- 
ing: calyx  about  half  inch  long  :  petals  sometimes  inch  and  a  half  long,  erosedenticulate  at 
broad  siimmit,  red-purple.  —PL  Fendl.  17,  &  Gen.  111.  t.  118,  f  5.  carpel.  M.ilm  /',tf»irrr, 
Cav.  Diss.  ii.  64,  t.  15,  f.  3;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  431  ;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  226,  681,  exd.  syn. 
ilA.  Xuttalloldes,  Croom,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  xxvi.  313,  &  xxviii.  168.  yultallia  I'a/xner,  (Jra- 
ham,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3287  ;  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  .ser.  2,  t.  279.  .V.  ijrandi flora,  Paxt.  .Mag. 
Bot.  v.  217,  with  plate.  —  Open  woods,  W.  Georgia  and  Florida  to  Louisiana  and  K.  Texa-s ; 
fl.  s])ring  and  summer. 

C.  digitata,  Nctt.  Sparsely  hirsute  or  mainly  glabrous:  stem  a  foot  or  two  high,  erect, 
few-leaved  :  leaves  palmately  or  ])edately  5-7-parted  ;  primary  radical  ones  round  cordate, 
.some  with  short  rounde<l  h)bes,  others  parted  into  narrow  divisions  or  lobes;  the  caulino 
commonly  with  narrow  linear  divisions  or  lobes  (1  to  3  inches  long) ;  upi)er  ones  n-duced  l«> 
small  simple  l)racts  :  peduncles  subracemose,  elongated  and  filiform:  inv.ducel  always  wanu 
ing:  petals  inch  long,  red-purple  (varying  to  white  or  violet),  the  summit  fimbriidale. — 
Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  ii.  181  ;  Gray,  PI.  I.indh.  pt.  2.  160,  PI.  Fendl.  17,  PI.  Wright,  i.  15,  i  ii. 
20;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Pacif.  K.  Rep.  ii.  160.  XuUalli'a  di<iilata,  Bart.  Fl.  X.  Am.  ii.  74,  t.  62; 
Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  t.  129;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2612;  Hook.  Kxot.  Fl.  t  171.  y.  i>nlm,tta. 
Torr.  Ann.  Lvc.  N.  Y.  ii.  171.  X.  i»<lat<i.  Hook.  Kxot.  Fl.  t.  172.  (>/</.»  ixdata.  Nutt.  in 
herb.)     X.  rordatn,  Lindl.  Bot.  Keg.  t.   1938.     Malva   ditjitaUi   &  M.  t>fdata   (exd.  var.), 

1  Add  syn.  C.  Im-olucrntn,  var.  pnlmata,  Rritfon,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  ix  (1890).  183. 

2  One  of  Dr.  Palmer's  specimens,  included  by  Dr.  (irny  in  var.  linearilolni,  has  nuliM-qurntly  be«n 
described  by  F..  G.  Baker.  .lour.  Bot.  xxix.  49,  as  var.TKNt  i'ssima.  Palmer.  It  was  coll«><-|«l  in  Xonh- 
ern  Mexico  east  of  Saltitlo  (not  Still-hilU  as  staled  in  doscr.),  and  ropre.icnts  an  rxlri  mo  form  a»  to 
dissected  foliage.  Var.  Novo-MrxicAna.  K.  (J.  Baker,  I.  c.  collcrtod  near  MoN.t»'«  Cnrk,  New 
Mexico,  Fendler,  without  number,  a  form  with  leaves  fcw-lobcd  and  lol>os  bmailly  l.inrfolal*  and  ariilc, 
represents  the  other  extreme.  More  ample  material  of  these  difTerent  fonns  may  well  khow  spwilic 
differences. 


302  MALYACE.E.  Callirhoe. 

Torr.  &  Gray,  Tl.  i.  227.  — Prairies,  &c.,  Arkausas^  to  Texas;    fl.  spring;  first  coll.  by 

Nuttall. 

§  2.   Annual :  carpels  short-beaked,  densely  pubescent :  involucel  of  3  linear 

bractlets. 

C*  scabriuscula,  Robinson,  n.  sp.  Erect,  subsimple,  a  foot  and  a  half  high,  covered 
throughout  with  a  fine  close  slightly  rough  stellate  tomentum  :  leaves  snhorhicular  in  out- 
line, deeply  and  ])alinately  5-cleft ;  lobes  oblong  or  lanceolate,  entire  or  few-toothed,  obtuse  ; 
petioles  of'the  lower  leaves  3  or  4  inches  long,  cliannelled  above ;  the  ui)per  leaves  shortly 
petioled  ;  stipules  lance-linear :  peduncles  rather  rigid,  considerably  exceeding  the  subtend- 
ing sessile  foliaceous  3-5Tparted  bracts :  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  acuminate,  3-nerved,  4  or  5 
lines  long:  obovate  subtruncate  petals  more  than  an  inch  in  length:  carpels  with  lateral 
walls  often  although  not  always  evanescent  in  manner  of  Anoda  ;  styles  somewhat  persistent. 
—  Collected  on  the  Colorado  Kiver  of  Texas  by  Dr.  Sutton  llai/es  (no.  80)  while  on  the  El 
Taso  and  Ft.  Yuma  Wagon  Road  Exped.     A  single  specimen  in  herb.  Gray. 

§  3.  Annual :  mature  carpels  with  beak  little  shorter  than  the  body  ;  the 
latter  with  smooth  back,  3-crenate  at  summit :  no  involucel. 

C.  pedata,  Gray.  Stem  erect,  a  foot  or  even  a  yard  high,  leafy  :  radical  and  lower  leaves 
round-cordate,  palmately  or  pedately  5-7-lobed  or  -parted  and  the  lobes  coarsely  toothed  or 
incised,  upper  3-5-cleft  or  -parted  usually  into  narrow  divisions :  peduncles  longer  than  the 
leaves  and  somewhat  racemose  at  summit  of  stem :  calyx  5-parted  ;  lobes  triangular-lanceolate 
and  attenuate,  3-nerved:  petals  inch  or  less  long,  red-purple  or  cherry-red,  varying  to  lilac, 
erose  at  broad  summit :  mature  carpels  straight  with  the  thick  beak  excised  within,  more  or 
less  rugulose-reticulated  on  the  sides,  somewhat  disposed  to  dehiscence  at  base.  —  PI.  Fendl. 
17,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  160  (excl.  syn.  Bart.  &  Hook.),  Gen.  111.  ii.  53, 1. 118,  PI.  Wright,  i.  15.  & 
ii.  20;  Grcenl.  Rev.  Hort.  vi.  (1857)  429,  f.  148.  Sida  {Nnttallia)  pedata,  Nutt.  in  herb., 
apparently,  but  not  N.  pedata,  Hook.,  &c.  —  Prairies  and  thickets,  common  in  Texas,^  first 
coll.  by  Berlandier  ;  fl.  spring  &  summer. 

5.  SIDALCEA,  Gray.  (Name  compounded  of  Sida,  to  which  the  known 
species  had  been  referred,  and  Alcea,  from  some  general  likeness  to  that  genus.) 
—  Herbs  of  W.  North  America,  erect;  with  mostly  palmately  or  pedately  parted 
or  deeply  cleft  leaves,  small  stipules,  and  purple  or  pink  or  sometimes  white 
flowers  of  moderate  size,  appearing  in  spring  and  summer,  mostly  collected  in 
terminal  racemes  or  spikes,  not  rarely  polygamous  by  the  abortion  of  the  anthers  ; 
the  9  flowers  being  smaller.  Involucels  mostly  0,  rarely  present.  Carpels 
beakless  or  with  distinct  apiculation.  —  Gray  in  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  300,  PI. 
Fendl.  18,  &  Gen.  111.  ii.  57,  t.  120;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  201." 

§  1.  Annuals,  typical  species,  all  Californian,  spring-flowering:  phalanges 
conspicuous. 

*  Stamineal  column  conspicuously  double ;  the  five  exterior  phalanges  borne  much  l)elow 
the  summit,  petaloid-dihited,  convolute  in  ajstivation,  quadrate  or  oblong,  undivided,  their 
truncate  summit  5-10-antheriferous  on  very  short  free  filaments  ;  interior  or  terminal 
phalanges  mostly  10,  linear  and  2-antheriferous :  petals  with  broad  summit  minutely  erose- 
denticulate,  bright  purple  or  rose-colored. 

•i-  Carpels  dorsally  reticulated  or  favose ;  meshes  short. 

1  Missouri,  McDonald  Co.,  Rusk,  "uncommon";  also  reported  earlier  from  Lawrence  and  Jaspar 
Counties  by  G.  C.  Broadhead,  Bot.  Gaz.  i.  9. 

2  Northward  to  the  Cimarron  Val.,  Ind.  Territorv,  Cnrhton,  ace.  to  Holzinser. 

8  Add  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  409,  xxii.  28G;  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  74  ;  E.  G. 
Baker,  Jour.  Bot.  xxix.  51. 


Sidalcea.  MAI.N'ACK.K.  3Q3 

S.  diplosc^pha,  Or w.  Soft-hirsiuo,  ami  witli  w.ino  fjiio  soft  pnJ)OMrpnre.  a  f.jot  or  two 
liii,'li,  \Mili  -imaciiii;;  Lraiiclics  ami  raci-mosely  or  torviiilMMiolv  fiwllowcrwl  jK-duiuli-j. : 
kavi-.s  round  rLiiiforin  in  outline,  oarli.-st  nitTi-ly  rrenatc,' iIm-  r«'.st  :.-7|,arto.|  an.i  clivii.i..nH 
mostly  2-3-lobf(l,  lohcs  ami  ilivi.sions  of  lower  leaven  l.roadish,  of  ii|i|>er  liii«-ar.  of  the  w•^^iIl• 
bracteal  ones  almost   filiform:  calyx-lobes  laneeolaiesul.ulate :    |R-talM  inch   lon^  •  cMri-U 

beakless,  dcpresseil-  or  cochlcate-reniform  and  re  or  l.-ss  reticulate-ruKoM.  at  inatiiriiv 

lightly  sulcate  down  the  hack,  at  separation  leaxin;;  iM-hind  on  the  n-ceptade  lu,  many  i.ul.'u- 
late  obtuse  processes  of  nearly  the  height  .if  the  narr.iw  central  re<eptac|e.  —  (irav  in'llcnth. 
I'l.  Ilartw.  300,  PI.  Fendl.  19,  &  (Jen.  HI.  t.  li!0,  f.  1-6;  Mrew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  ('alif.  i.  m' 
Greene,  Hull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  79.  Sida  diplosrifji/ta,  Torr.  &  (;ra\ ,  11.  i.  234,  Ck-j  ;  lU^ik. 
&  Aril.  Hot.  Heecii.  326,  t.  76. —  N.  and  \V.  California,  not  uncommon  in  gniinfiehlH ;  flmt 

cull,  liy   /'oiiij/ds. 

Var.  minor,  Gkay.  Smaller,  tho  corolla  barely  inch  and  a  half  in  iliameter,  weminglf 
deeper-colored  and  with  a  dark-piirplo  centre:  mature  carjiels  more  nigose  ami  turgid.— 
PI.  Feudl.  19.'  — Valley  of  the  Sacramento,  and  Lake  Co. ;  the  earliest  collectors  l>eing />«■■- 
mont  and  Hartwvg. 

S.  hirsiita,  Gkay.  Stem  soft-hirsute,  at  least  al.ovo,  often  glabnms  lielow.  strict  or  with 
ascending  branches,  commonly  2  feet  high,  bearing  numerous  liowers  in  <len.He  and  rither 
short  racemes  or  spikes :  cauline  leaves  palmately  or  pedately  7-9-jiarteil  or  -divided  into 
narrowly  linear  and  entire  divisions ;  lower  glabrous;  liracts  inostly  small  ami  inconspicu- 
ous: calyx  densely  cinereous-pnbe.'icent  and  hirsute;  the  lolies  triangular  lanceolate  :  petals 
inch  or  less  long,  ligiit  ro.se-color  :  carpels  at  maturity  tliree  fourths  orbicular  orsubreniform, 
reticulated  on  the  back  and  sides,  ventrally  tippe<l  with  a  soft  and  hairy  erect  at  length  de- 
ciduous subulate  beak,  at  .se|)aration  leaving  a  scarious  portion  of  in.sertion  on  the  thickicli 
receptacle.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  16  ;  Torr.  Pacif.  H.  Uej).  iv.  72  ;  (Jray,  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  4lo. 
S.  de/i>hinifolia.  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  19.  &  (ien.  111.  ii.  t.  120,  f.  lo-l'2  ;  Henth.  PI.  Hartw  .'JOO, 
not  Sida  de/phiiiifoUa,  Nutt.  .S'.  I/iiiiirrt/i,  Hrew.  &  Wats.  I$ot.  Calif,  i  S4,  mainly  ;  (ire.ne. 
Bull.  Calif.  Acarl.  Sci.  i.  78.  —Valley  of  the  Sacramento  and  of  the  Stani.'.laus,  in  low  and 
wet  but  soon  exsiccated  grounds ;  first  coll.  by  Uarlweg,  then  by  IH,/eli,w. 

•»-   ■»-  Carpels  dorsally  striate-rcticulated  with  long  meshes  or  several-rihlied. 

S.*  Calycosa,  M.  E.  Jones.^  Like  the  foregoing,  but  with  broader  leaflets  atid  smaller  and 
less  copious  flowers  :  stem  pale  green  or  stramineous,  covered  toward  thesummit  with  sparse 
spreading  pubescence:  stipules  ovate,  acuminate,  large,  3  lines  in  length,  green :  inflores- 
cences terminal,  spicate,  short  and  dense  :  calyx-lobes  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate 
(3  or  4  lines  long) :  mature  carpels  reniform,  striate-nervose  on  the  rounded  back,  minutelv 
reticulated  on  the  sides,  the  slender  weak  beak  evanescent. — Am.  Nat.  xvii.  875;  Grav, 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  410.  — Sonoma  Co.,  on  Kussian  Hiver,  ^f.  E.  Jones. 

S.*  sulcata,  Curran.  More  slender  and  branching  :  stem  mostly  glabrou.s,  jiurplish  :  leaf- 
segments  narrow:  stipules  very  small,  dark  reddish,  a  line  in  length  :  inflorescence  at  length 
loose :  flowers  rather  small  for  the  grou])  and  of  deep  color  :  calyx  smaller  ami  le.xs  inclined 
to  become  scarious  than  in  the  la.st  prece<ling  species  :  petals  reverscd-deltoid,  6  or  8  lines  in 
length  and  breadth.  —  M.  Iv.  Curran  in  Greene.  Hull.  Calif.  Acid.  Sci.  i.  79.  lieducod  to 
S.  cnli/cosa  by  Gray.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  410.  Greene.  Fl.  Francis.  104.  and  K.  G.  Rakor, 
Jour.  Dot.  xxix.  .51.  but  apparently  distinct.  —  Central  California,  Eldorado  Co.,  .l/r.<.  <  'unait, 
Mariposa  Co.,  at  White  Hock,  Courjdon,  and  Marin  Co.,  near  Lagunita.s  I^ike,  />r.  Merrill. 
*  *  Exterior  phalanges  closely  approximate  to  the  interior  at  the  summit  of  the  colnnin, 
2-parted  into  narrow  divisions,  each  2-antheriferons;  interior  |>halanges  le^s  conspicuous; 
structure  therefore  similar  to  that  of  the  or<iinary  perennial  sfM>cies. 

S.  Hartwegi,  Gkay.  Slender,  paniculately  branching,  a  foot  or  two  high,  minutely  pntK>.«- 
cent :  leaves  simply  palmately  or  ])ed.itely  3-7-parted  into  linear  divisions,  or  some  of  the.ne 
occasionally  2-3-lol)ed  and  broader:  flowers  few  or  several  and  nither  h»>^'  in  short  racemes, 
minutely  l<racteate  :  calyx-loiies  lanceolate,  attenuate  ;icumin.ite  :  |)etals  h.ilf  tothn>o  fourths 
inch  long,  deep  pink-purple:  carpels  at   full  maturity  reniform-incurved  (at  first  with  kL^al 

1  Add  ."syn.  S.  .seniniliflora,  Grocno.  Fl.  Fmiirin.  10.1. 

3  Description  altered  tu  exclude  the  nvxl  following;  ii|>ccios. 


304  MALYACE^.  Sidalcea. 

portion  straighter),  strongly  or  even  favosely  rugose-reticulated,  closed  or  slightly  open  at 
ventral  base,  the  small  and  soft  glabrous  apiculatiou  evanescent ;  some  soft  thin  processes 
left  on  tlie  receptacle.  —  Gray  in  Benth.  1*1.  Hartw.  300,  Tl.  Eeudl.  20,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 
xxi.  409.  5'.  tenella,  Greene,  1.  c.  partly.  —  California,  with  5.  hirsuta  in  the  valley  of  the 
Sacramento,  also  on  dry  hillsides ;  first  coll.  by  Hartweg ;  also  from  Colusa  Co.  to  Mariposa. 
Smaller-flowered  forms  reach  extreme  in 

Var.  tenella,  Gray.  Slender  and  more  branching,  much  smaller-flowered :  petals 
quarter  to  third  inch  long,  ligiiter-colored.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  286.  5.  tenella,  Greene, 
Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  7.  —  On  the  Little  Chico,  Butte  Co.,  Mrs.  Austin.  Anthers  abortive 
and  styles  very  long  in  some  flowers. 

§  2.  Perennials,  strong-rooted,  spring-  or  mostly  summer-flowering,  with 
flowers  in  naked  (either  single  or  paniculate)  terminal  spikes  or  racemes  :  exte- 
rior phalanges  closely  approximate  to  the  interior  or  terminal  stamens  at  summit 
of  the  column :   petals  seldom  at  all  erose  or  denticulate. 

*   Phalanges  manifest,  at  least  the  exterior  series,  but  the  membrane  often  more  or  less 

cleft  or  i)arted  :   leafy-stemmed  (except  in  -S'.  parvijiora,  var.  '.  Tlauben)  :   some  or  all 

of  the  cordate-orbicuiar  lowest  leaves  barely  creuate-lobed  or  incised  ;  the  upper  cauline 

always  deeply  parted. 

-K-  Corolla  uniformly  white :  anthers  bluish. 
S.  Candida,  Gray.  Glabrous  or  almost  so :  stem  2  or  3  feet  high  from  somewhat  creeping 
rootstocks,  leafy  to  the  spiciform  inflorescence :  radical  leaves  obtusely  lobed  or  creuate- 
iucised  ;  cauline  (4  to  8  inches  broad)  5-7-parted  and  divisions  2-3-lobed  at  apex,  or  ujjper- 
most  3-5-parted  into  lanceolate  entire  divisions :  calyx-lobes  deltoid :  petals  half  incli  or 
more  long  :  carpels  nearly  glabrous  and  smooth  (or  slightly  puberulent  and  in  age  obscurely 
reticulated  on  the  sides),  thin.  — PI.  Fendl.  20,  24,  &  Gen.  111.  ii.  t.  120,  f.  9  (androecium)  ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  ii.  126,  t.  2;  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  74.  —  Along 
streams  in  the  higher  Rocky  Mountains  of  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Utah ;  first  coll.  by 
Fremont. 

■t—  -h-  Corolla  rose-color  or  mauve-purple,  rarely  a  white  variety. 
++  Herbage  cinereous  with  a  short  and  soft  several-rayed  stellular  pubescence,  no  hirsute  or 

hispid  hairs. 
S.  Calif ornica,  Gray.  Stems  2  or  3  feet  high,  erect,  bearing  a  simple  loosely-flowered 
spiciform  raceme :  lower  leaves  2  or  3  inches  broad :  calyx-lobes  3-5-nerved,  ovate-deltoid 
becoming  deltoid-lanceolate  :  petals  inch  long  :  young  carpels  sparsely  hispidulous-puberulent 
on  the  back  :  phalanges  of  outer  series  broad  and  short,  truncate,  4-5-antheriferous  on  short 
filaments.  —  PI.  Fendl.  19,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  286.  Sida  Californlcn,  Nutt.in  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  233.  —  Santa  Inez  Mountains  near  Santa  Barbara,  California  (abundant  in 
Mission  Canon  and  Cassitas  Pass) ;  first  coll.  by  Nuttall. 
++  ++  Herbage  green,  at  least  not  cinereous  :  coarser  pubescence  when  present  of  simjde  or 

geminate  or  few-rayed  stellular  hairs  :  species  difficult  to  discriminate,  apparently  more 

or  less  confluent. 

=  Mature  carpels  when  dry  rugulose-reticulated,  at  least  on  the  sides,  mostly  on  the  back 
also  (sometimes  smooth  or  nearly  so  in  S.  Orer/ana)  :  petals  (except  in  S.  Oregana  &  S. 
parvijiora)  half  inch  to  full  inch  long. 

S.  malvaeflora,  Gray.  Hirsute  or  stems  and  petioles  even  hispid  with  few-rayed  and  some 
simple  spreading  hairs,  but  hardly  any  minute  stellular  pubescence  :  stems  ascending  or 
erect  from  decumbent  base,  8  inches  to  2  feet  high  (or  rarely  more)  from  a  thick  stock  or 
root,  simple  and  bearing  simple  loosely  few-many-flowered  spiciform  racemes  :  petals  about 
inch  long :  lobes  of  fructiferous  calyx  from  deltoid-ovate  to  lanceolate :  mature  carpels 
lightly  rugulose-reticulated,  when  young  almost  smooth.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  409,  &  xxii. 
286,  not  of  earlier  publications,  except  as  to  syn.  Sida  malvceflnra,  DC.  S.  humilis,  Grav. 
PI.  Fendl.  20 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  84 ;  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  75.i    Sida 

1  Add  syn.  S.  deljMnifulia  (and  var.  humilis),  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  105. 


Sidnlcea.  iMALVACE.E.  305 

miilr„flora,T)C.  Trodr.  i.  474  (Mocino  &  Sesse.  Fl.  Mcx.  Ic.  incd..  &  Cal.|UP»  <lo«  Ik-jw.  t.  70, 
doul)tless  lolLctid  at  M.-iiurev  ;  H;,'iire  wants  radi.-al  leaves,  showM  well  the  liiHpidily  of 
stem  and  petioles,  iiDtwiilislanclinf,'  liie  "  {,'laltriuseula  "  of  the  I'r.MJr.j  ;  I  look.  &  Am.  Jiot. 
Beech.  326.  S.  del,>hi„lfoli,i,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  CJrav.  Kl.  i.  2.15.  form  with  niosth  diK-.tH 
leaves.  NuttaUia  mali;iji„ra,  Fisili.  &  Trautv.  in  Kiseh.  &  .Mev.  Ind.  ."seni.  Ilort.  I'.troi,,  iji. 
1837,  41.  —  Low  groun.is  and  hillsiiles  alon|,'  and  near  the  toa.s't,  from  San  Die^^o  to  .Mendo^ 
ciuo  Co.,  California;  first  coll.  by  Moriho  &  Stsse. 

S.*  parviflora,  Gkkkne.  Stems  several,  .|uite  glal.nnis  toward  the  hawe,  Huhsiniple,  tornii- 
natiiii;  in  lung  slender  loose  racemes:  lowest  leaves  orl.icular,  creniitet.M.thed,  the' otlieni 
deeply  divided,  with  divisions  lohed:  llowers  small;  pedicels  (2  to  3  lines  long)  Mil.tende.l 
by  simple  linear  bractlets  scarcely  their  own  length  :  caly.x  wiinewhat  hin»»i«'  pulH'»«-.-nt : 
petals  a  third  to  half  inch  long :  car|)els  glabrons,  at  letigth  distinctly  rctiiulated  ;  Ih-hIc 
somewhat  recurved.— Erythea,  i.  148.  6'.  malmjlom,  Torr.  Hot.  .M.-.x."  Itound.  3H.  in  part, 
not  Gray.  —  Meadows,  S.  California,  L<js  Ang«les  Vo.,  J.i/<.n,  J/ass,,  San  IJernardino  Co.] 
Parish,  Miss  Cummiii</>i.  (Sonora,  at  Ojo  de  Cavilan,  where  first  coll.  by  Thuilnr  in  1851  ) 
Chiefly  distinguished  from  the  preceding  by  the  smooth  stem  and  considerably  smaller 
flowers  borne  in  longer  more  slender  racemes.  Prof.  Cireene  (1.  c.)  states  that  .Mr.  I'arisirM 
specimen  (no.  2080)  was  referred  by  Dr.  Gray  to  S.  i/laurisreus.  It  wiis  collected,  however, 
in  May,  1889,  more  than  a  year  after  Dr.  Gray's  ileath. 

Var.*  (?)  Thlirberi,  KoniNsoN,  n.  var".  A  foot  high:  leaves  small,  chiefly  basal; 
those  of  the  almost  naked  stems  sparse,  divided  into  narrow  linear  segments :  flowers  w  hilo. 
—  Las  Playas,  Sonora,  near  the  U.  S.  boundary,  Thurher,  334,  340,  and  perhaps  als<j  in  New 
Mexico  or  Arizona. 

S.  asprella,  Greene.  No  hirsute  or  hispid  pube.scence  whatever :  stem  2  to  5  feet  high, 
siiiiiile,  rtjughish  with  minute  and  deu.se  stellular  almost  scurfy  i)ul)C.scence,  r)r  Udow  gla- 
brous :  leaves  moderately  lobed  or  only  uppermost  dissected,  i>ube.scent  with  few-ra\ed  short 
stellular  hairs  :  raceme  virgate,  loosely  flowered,  very  naked  :  pedicels  sometimes  longer 
than  fruiting  calyx,  commonly  very  short:  petals  usually  inch  hmg :  calv.x  cane.Hcent,  in 
fruit  mostly  5  lines  long;  lobes  from  ovate  l)ecoming  triangular-lanceolate  :  carjiels  rugoso- 
reticulated  throughout  and  glabrous  at  maturity,  becoming  concave  or  gnMived  on  the  baik 
and  acute-angled  at  sides.  —  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  78,  founded  on  a  lax  and  decundiont 
leafy  state,  perhaps  from  growing  in  thickets;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  28r,.—  Ilillsidett 
of  the  lower  Sierra  Nevada,  from  Yuba  to  Siskiyou  Co.,  Greene,  Mrs.  Citrran  ;  at  Cliico  de- 
scending to  the  low  foot-hills,  where  the  stem  is  strict. 

S.  Campestris,  Greene.  Either  glabrous  up  to  the  inflorescence  or  with  some  hirsute 
])uboscence  at  least  below  and  close  stellular  cinereous  pubescence  alM)ve  :  stems  2  to  5  feet 
high,  when  large  branching  aI)ove :  rounded  lower  leaves  variously  lobed  ;  ujiiK-r  usually 
5-7-parted  into  narrow  divisions:  racemes  strict,  either  rather  dense  and  spiciform  or 
more  loosely  flowered:  petals  over  half  iiut  rarely  full  inch  long,  their  emarginate  summit 
often  laciniate-erose  :  calyx  4  or  5  lines  long  at  least  in  fruit,  minutely  caue.scent,  some- 
times also  with  soft  slender  hairs,  sometimes  nearly  glaltrous;  the  lobes  in  age  u>ually  lan- 
ceolate-acuminate: carpels  roughish  rugose- or  favose-rcticulated  and  otmnmnly  piilK>s<ent. 
the  back  rather  rounded  and  dorsal  angles  obtu,<e. —  Hull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  7f>  (founded 
on  one  form)  ;  Gray,  1.  c.  S.  On'i/nna,  Gray.  PI.  Femil  20.  j>artly.'  Si(/(i  mtilm  floni,  Lindl. 
Bot.  Keg.  t.  1036;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  108— Moist  meadows,  where  usually  smooth  or 
glabrate,  or  dry  hills  or  plains,  there  more  puliescent  and  base  of  stem  with  nidical  potiolen 
hirsute  with  deflexed  or  spreading  hairs,  N.  California  to  Hrit.  Columl»ia  w«'st  of  the  Ca.«cade 
Kange ;  first  coll.  by  Dotifflas. 

S.  Oregana,  Gray.  Very  like  the  last  preceding,  merely  pnlierulent  or  nearly  glabroim 
up  to  the  inflorescence,  2  to  5  feet  high  :  racemes  simple  or  comnioidy  paniculate,  at  length 
loosely  flowered:  flowers  comparatively  small:  petals  a  tiiird  to  half  inch  lonj; :  calyx 
canescent,  in  fruit  2  or  3  lines  long  and  the  lobes  broadly  deltoiil :  carjwds  ob.-iurely  rugnlom-- 
reticulated,  at  least  the  dor.sal  angles  and  siiles,  the  back  smooth  or  sm<M>thish  —  PI.  Fentll. 
20,  partly,  &  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  287.     Sitla   Omjaiia,  Nutt.  in  T.)rr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  5134. 

1  .Vdd  syn.  ?  S.  mnU-nJlorn,  Mncoim,  Cat.  Cimad.  PI.  ii.  313. 
20 


306  MALVACEAE.  Sidalcea. 

—  Idaho  and  interior  of  Oregon  and  Washington  ;  i  first  coll.  by  Nuttall.  Also  westward  as 
far  as  i'ortlaud,  Oregon. 

S.  glaucescens,  Greene.  Glabrous  and  smooth  up  to  and  even  through  the  inflorescence 
or  an  obscure  pubescence  on  the  pale  or  light  green  foliage :  stems  slender,  a  foot  or  two 
high,  simple  or  rather  freely  branching:  leaves  an  inch  or  two  in  diameter;  upper  ones 
5-7-parted  into  narrow  divisions :  racemes  loose  :  petals  about  half  inch  long,  sometimes 
much  smaller,  not  rarely  white :  fructiferous  calyx  about  3  lines  long,  from  nearly  glabrous 
to  cinereous-puberuleut,  with  lobes  attenuate  or  acuminate  from  a  broad  base  :  mature  carpels 
relatively  large,  thin-walled,  turgid,  glabrous,  coarsely  reticulated,  with  the  dorsal  reticula- 
tions mostly  longer  than  broad,  sometimes  nearly  smooth  and  even.  —  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 
i.  77.  S.  malvwjiora,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  46,  in  considerable  part.  —  Higher  Sierra  Nevada, 
California  and  Nevada,  for  most  of  its  length,  and  east  to  Antelope  Itland,  Utah,  Stanslmr,/, 
Watson;  the  earliest  collectors,  Beckirilh  and  Anderson.  Also  Oregon  (part  of  no.  71, 
E.  Hall)  and  near  Victoria,  Brit.  Columbia,  Fletcher ;  pistillate  plants,  with  bright  green 
foliage.     Connects  with  the  following  subdivision. 

=  =  Mature  carpels  smooth  and  even,  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 
a.   Calyx  large,  6  lines  in  length. 

S.*  Henderson!,  Watson.  Tall  and  nearly  glabrous:  leaves  large,  deeply  .5-7-cleft ; 
sco-mcnts  irregularly  few-lobed  or  -toothed:  flowers  large  in  loose  subsimple  terminal 
spkate  raceme:  i.racts  linear,  exceeding  the  short  pedicels:  calyx  large,  even  in  authesis 
full  half  inch  in  length ;  segments  ovate,  acuminate,  purplish :  petals,  in  dried  state,  deep 
purple,  about  an  inch  in  length :  carpels  few,  7  or  8,  quite  smooth,  rather  strongly  beaked. 

—  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  262.  — Oregon,  near  Clatsop  Bay,  Prof.  L.  F.  Henderson,  July, 
1887,  no.  l'413 ;  and  (ace.  to  Piper)  Washington,  on  beach  near  Seattle,  and  in  brackish 
marshes  at  the  mouth  of  the  Skohomish  ;  also  on  Vancouver  Isl.,  near  Victoria,  Macoun 
(no.  53.  distr.  as  S.  Oregana).  A  maritime  species  with  the  foliage  of  S.  Oreijana  but  much 
larger  more  deeply  colored  flowers. 

h.  Flowers  smaller :  calyx  2|  to  4  lines  in  length :  not  rarely  with  hirsute  pubescence  on 
the  stem  and  petioles  and  even  on  the  calyx :  upper  cauline  leaves  mostly  parted  into 
linear  divisions  or  these  again  lobed. 

S.  Neo-Mexicana,  Gray.  Stems  a  foot  to  a  yard  or  even  "  8  feet "  high,  the  larger 
branching  or  with  paniculate  loosely  flowered  racemes :  lower  pedicels  as  long  as  the  (2  or 
3  lines  long)  calyx.  —  PI.  Fendl.  23,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  287.  S.  mahceflora.  Gray,  PI. 
Wright,  i.  16,  mainly  (excl.  syn.),  ii.  20;  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  75.— Moist 
ground,  mountains  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  to  those  of  Colorado;  2  first  coll.  by  Fendlcr. 
(Adj.  Mex.,  Grajg.) 

S.  spicata,  Grekne.  Stems  a  foot  or  two  high,  simple  or  sparingly  branched :  flowers  in  a 
dense  and  oblong  or  sometimes  looser  and  interrupted  spike  ;  pedicels  all  much  shorter  than 
the  calyx  or  hardly  any  :  calyx  3  or  4  lines  long.  —  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  76.  Callirhoe 
spicata,  Hegel,  Gartenfl.  xxi.  291,  t.  737,  f.  3,  4,  from  cult,  plant.'  Also  cult,  as  "Sidalcea 
Murryana." — Sierra  Nevada,  California  and  adjacent  Nevada,  first  coll.  by  Anderson,  north 
to  Grant  Pass,^  S.  Oregon,  Henderson.  The  looser-flowered  form  nearly  approaches  S. 
Neo-Mexicana. 

*  *  Phalanges  indistinct,  most  of  the  stamens  separate,  but  the  outermost  combined  merely 
at  base  in  threes  or  fours  :  scapose :  leaves  all  pedately  dissected. 

S.  pedata,  Gray.  Sparsely  or  below  copiously  hirsute  :  scapes  a  foot  or  less  high,  ascend- 
ingeroct  from  a  short  stock  rising  from  a  tuberous  root,  1-2-leaved  at  base,  naked  above  or 
with  a  single  small  leaf :  leaves  all  alike,  pedately  5-7-parted  or  nearly  divided  and  the 
narrow  cuneate   divisions    (barely   inch   long)    3-lobed   or   basal  ones   2-lobed ;   the   lol)es 

1  This  species  extends  southward  to  Napn  Co.,  Calif.,  ace.  to  W.  L.  Jepson.  The  stipules  in  the 
type  are  narrow  and  attenuate,  but  a  noteworthy  form,  with  shorter  relatively  broader  stipules  but 
without  other  distinctions,  has  been  found  in  Washington  State  by  Piper  and  by  Suksdorf. 

2  Northward  to  Wyoming,  A.  Nelson. 

8  And  to  Umpqua  Valley,  Oregon,  Th.  Howdl. 


Nap(Ea.  MAi.vACK.i:.  ;;ij7 

narrow,  linear  to  oblong  and  entire  ;  »|)iko  niany-flowprc«l,  at  l«»npth  plon^attMi ;  hh.irt 
jieiliiols  ami  calyx  iniiiiiltly  stilliiliir-|)iibtTiili'iit,  the  IhIm-s  irian^iilar  urtiininalv  ('i  linen 
long)  :  petals  4  or  5  lints  long,  rose  puriiic  :  larpelH  nioHlly  very  hni"M.tli.  —  I'ru*-.  Am.  Acail. 
xxii.  288.  —  Bear  N'alley  in  the  San  Htrnanlino  MounUiiuH,  at  0,(KHJ  f»-it,  in  wet  |iiar<it. 
Parish. 

*  ♦  *  Phalanges  as  in  the  last :  iiiHorescem-e  dense :  leaves  flalxllifomi  <>r  nnifnnn-orhicu- 
lar,  iTcnate,  but  none  of  them  divided  or  jMirtetl. 
S.*  Hickmani,  (Ireene.  Tall  leafy  liMtsely  stelliite  j)nlM-scent  i«rennial  with  haliil  nf 
Miilnislntni  :  leaves  thin,  the  lower  snboriiieuiar,  the  npper  Haliellifnnn,  larger,  1^  to  1} 
inilies  broad,  rather  deejjly  erenate  toothed  but  not  loiied  :  (lowers  nweniownpicato.  nut 
very  crowded;  jiedicels  short;  geminate'  bnicts  and  involueellate  bnictlets  narrow,  elon- 
gated, linear,  villous :  rose-purple  ])etals  8  lines  in  length  :  carpels  glabrous,  smooth  exi*|it 
for  a  few  transverse  wrinkles,  which  do  not  reach  the  middle  of  the  baik.  —  Tittonia,  i.  I.'J9. 
—  Keliz  Canon,  Monterey  Co.,  California,./.  li.  llirkmau. 

Var.*  ( 0  Parishii,  KoniNSON,  n.  var.  Lower  in  growth  ami  with  shorter  stellat*^  pulxr- 
ulence  rather  than  jiubescence :  leaves  of  similar  form  but  smaller,  thicker,  and  less  deejdy 
crenate :  bracts  and  bractlets  broader,  ovate  t(j  lance<date:  flowers  more  criiwded,  a  third 
smaller. — *?'.  1 1  ick- m<i  ni,  (Iveenc,  Erythea,  iv.  G5,  not  of  I'ittonia.  —  Western  s1o|k-  of  San 
Bernardino  Mts.,  California,  .S.  /i.  P<iiisli,  no.  378G.  Although  certainly  worthy  varietal 
rank,  this  plant,  if  observed  at  intermediate  stations,  will  probably  be  found  t<^  |»ass  into  th« 
type. 

§  3.  Anomalous  species,  annual,  witli  freely  braiicliin.u  leafy  sttiiis,  vi(if(.rin 
leaves,  and  glomerate  inflorescence:  flowers  polygamo-ilitjceious :  jdialanges  of 
the  rather  few  stamens  indistinct  at  very  summit  of  the  column. 
S.  malachroides,  Gray.*  Hirsute  or  soft-hispid  with  spreading  stellate-fasci.led  or  wime 
simple  hairs  :  stem  3  to  6  feet  high,  equably  leafy  to  the  top:  leaves  angnlately  3-7-IoIkmI. 
membranaceous,  2  to  .')  inches  broad  ;  the  broad  lobes  unei|ually  or  doubly  dentate:  riowers 
in  dense  short  (and  either  subscssile  or  pedunculate)  terminal  and  axillary  sj.ikes  or  hcails : 
calvx  naked  or  subtended  by  one  or  two  slender-subulate  caiiucous  bractlets;  ltd>es  ovate, 
acuminate :  petals  white  or  purplish,  quarter  inch  or  more  long :  <f  flowers  conimonly 
pistiliferous  and  perhaps  often  fertile  ;  outer  phalanges  short  and  laciniate  or  2-3-parte<l, 
and  the  lobes  1-3-antheriferous,  very  do.se  to  the  inner  series  of  <listinct  or  geminate 
stamens:  ?  flowers  with  few  and  abortive  anthers  or  none,  and  with  7  to  9  smooth  and 
glabrous  thin-walled  carpels.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  332;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  K4  ; 
Greene  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  80.  S.  vifi/olin,  Gray,  1.  c.,  a  softer  pube.>«cent  and  le.ss 
hispid  form.  Malvn  mnlarhroirles.  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  326;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  681  ; 
Grav,  PI.  Fendl.  16. —  California  near  the  coast  from  Monterey  to  Mendocino  Co.;*  the 
earliest  collectors,  Domjlas  and  Coulter. 

6.  NAP^A,  [Clayt.]  L.  Glade  Mallow.  (From  laTn/,  a  glade,  or  N^.- 
TraTat,  dell-nymphs.) —  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  G,  120,  &  Spec.  ii.  GHG  ;  name  lat.-r 
ascribed  by  Linnaeus  (Gen.  ed.  5,  no.  748)  to  Clayton  ;  Clayt.  Fl.  Virg.  e<l.  2, 
102;  L.  Amoen.  Acad.  iii.  18  (excl.  N.  herwaphrodita)  ;  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  20, 
&  Gen.  111.  ii.  55,  t.  119.  —  Single  species. 

1  In  this,  as  in  some  other  species  of  this  genus,  the  Horal  bracts  of  the  primary  axes  aro  morphcv 
logicallv  stipules  of  obsolete  leaves.  ^ 

2  Pmf  E.  L.  Oreene  has  separated  this  species,  at  first  (Fl.  Francis.  106)  as  SuMcta  \  IU$p<- 
ralren,  and  later  (Piftonia.  ii.  301)  as  an  independent  genus,  Ih^pernktn  (II  mnhckrvtJt*  Urx^w, 
1  c  )  To  the  habital  distinctions,  which  were  quite  well  known  to  Dr.  Gray.  Pn.f.  (.nH-nc  a.lds  on  t 
one  of  a  te.hnicnl  nature,  namely,  the  form  of  the  cot vled-ns.  These  he  has  observed  to  «-  •»T"Ptlv 
contracted  at  the  ba.se,  not  cordate  as  in  some  species  of  S.Mr,.,.  However  tollmK  this  d.ffrr- 
ence  may  prove  in  future,  it  is  as  yet   unsatisfactory,  the   embryos  ..f  many  .s.</„/c«<r  ben.R  •till 

unknown.  ,        ,         ,         ,.    n      .    ii.  ,•       ;■.„»..»... 

8  Southward  to  the  Sta.  Lucia  Mts.,  .^fiss  Fastwoo,!,  and  northward  to  Humbo!!-  <  -.     h  <»i.,..,n. 

ace.  to  Brandegee,  Zoe,  iv.  150. 


308  MALVACEAE.  Napoea. 

N.  dioica  !-■  Strong  rooted  perennial,  roughish-pnbescent :  stems  nearly  simple,  5  to  9  feet 
high:  leaves  ample;  radical  often  a  foot  or  more  in  diameter,  palmately  9-11-eleft  and  the 
segments  laciniate-pinuatifid  into  lanceolate  incisely  serrate  lobes  ;  upper  5-7-cleft  or  -parted 
into  lanceolate  or  triangulate-acuminate  incisely  serrate  divisions  or  lobes :  flowers  small, 
numerous  in  umbellate  clusters  forming  terminal  corymbs  :  petals  white  :  carpels  smoothish, 
at  maturity  surpassing  the  calyx.  — Spec.  ii.  686.  N.  scabra,  L.  Mant.  ii.  435  ;  Lam.  111.  t. 
579,  f.  2.  Sida  dioica,  Cav.  Diss.  t.  132,  f.  2;  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  453;  DC.  I'rodr.  i.  466;  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  234,  681.  — Limestone  valleys  of  the  AUeghauies,  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia; 
also  rich  bottom  lands,  ( )hio  and  Illinois ;  ^  not  common,  but  is  in  cultivation ;  fl.  summer. 
7.    MALVASTRUM,  Gray.     False  Mallow,  as  the  name  (coined  by 

De  Candolle  for  a  group  which  also  inchides  all  true  MuIvcb)  may  denote.  —  PI. 

Fendl.  21,  Gen.  111.  ii.  59, 1. 121,  122,  &  Bot.  U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.  14G  ;  Benth.  & 

Hook.  Gen.   i.   201.^ — Large  genus  of  herbs  and  uudershrubs,  American  and 

some  S.  African,  of  various  habit. 

*  Peduncles  or  at  least  the  earlier  ones  long  and  slender,  1-flowered :  petals  rose-color  or 
white :  calyx  involucellate  by  3  slender  bractlets :  carpels  orbicular,  rugose,  pointless : 
annuals,  not  cauescent,  usually  with  some  hispid  or  hirsute  spreading  hairs.  —  Pedunculomi. 

M.  rotundifolium,  Gray.  Erect,  a  span  to  a  foot  high,  hirsute  or  hispid,  with  simple 
and  stellate  spreading  hairs  :  leaves  very  long-petioled,  reniform-orbicular,  coarsely  cren:.te, 
obscurely  or  not  at  all  lobed  :  flowers  comparatively  large  :  petals  half  inch  long,  rose-pur]de 
commonly  with  a  crimson  blotch  toward  the  base  :  carpels  40  or  more,  very  flat,  therel'oie 
narrow  on  the  back,  rugose-reticulate;  the  thick  axis  with  somewhat  membranaceous-dilated 
summit.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  333  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i  85.3  — Desert  of  the  Colo- 
rado, California  and  Arizona,  from  the  Mohave  southward,  Coo/ier,  Palmer,  Janvier. 

M.*  exile,  Gray.*  Soon  spreading  or  decumbent,  short  stellular-pubescent  but  often  with 
some  longer  spreading  hairs  :  stems  a  span  to  2  feet  long,  slender,  branching  :  leaves  usually 
small,  5-7-lobed,  and  lobes  commonly  laciniate :  flowers  of  different  plants  of  two  inter- 
grading  sorts,  one  chiefly  pistillate  with  small  white,  roseate,  or  violet-purple  petals  (3  to  5 
lines  long),  the  other  much  larger,  perfect  and  with  petals  violet-purple  (6  to  10  lines  long) : 
carpels  fewer  and  much  smaller  than  in  the  preceding  species,  thicker  and  very  strongly 
rugose.  —  Bot.  Ives  Rep.  8,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  333 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.^  M.  Porri/i, 
Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  108  (form  with  larger  and  perfect  flowers).  — Sandy  washes,  Colorado 
Desert  with  the  preceding  and  north  to  Nevada  and  along  the  San  Joaquin,  California ;  first 
coll.  by  Parry,  then  by  Newberry. 

*  *  Peduncles  short  or  none  :  petals  yellow :  calyx  involucellate  :  pubescence  of  stem  and 
foliage  close  or  appressed,  in  the  earlier  species  more  or  less  strigose,  in  the  later  subca- 
nescent  or  cinereous.  —  Sidoides. 

■i—  Annual,  northern. 
M.  anglistum,  Gray.  Erect  and  low  (a  foot  or  less  high),  with  spreading  branches : 
leaves  lanceolate,  inch  or  so  long,  denticulate,  nearly  glabrous  to  the  naked  eye,  1 -nerved 
and  with  a  pair  of  obscure  basal  veins,  short-petioled  :  flowers  solitary  or  glomerate  in  the 
axils:  bractlets  of  involucel  and  stipules  setaceous  :  calyx  angulate,  accrescent  (in  age  half 
inch  broad),  with  short  and  broad  triangular  lobes:  petals  little  surpassing  the  calyx  :  car- 
pels 5  or  6,  thin-chartaceous  at  maturity,  reniform,  pointless,  puberulent,  smooth,  at  length  2- 
valved. PI.  Fendl.  22,  &  Man.  ed.  5,  101.     Sida  hispida.  Hook.  Jour.  Bot.  i.  198,  perhaps 

1  Also  northward  to  Minnesota,  Laphnm,  Samlberg,  ace.  to  Upham, 

2  Add  lit.  Grav,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  288,  E.  G.  Baker,  Jour.  Bot.  xxix.  104.  With  regard  to 
the  doubtful  S.  African  Afaheopsis.  Presl,  to  which  Kuntze  (Rev.  Gen.  i.  72)  has  uncritically  reduced 
Malvastrum,  see  Baker,  1.  c.  xxxii.  38. 

8  Add  syn.  and  lit.  Mnlveopsis  rvtundifolin,  Kuntze,  1.  c;  Coville,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat,  Herb, 
iv.  74. 

4  The  description  of  this  species  has  been  amplified  to  show  more  clearly  the  polygamous  nature 
of  the  flowers. 

6  Add  syn.  ^fall•eopsis  exilis,  Kuntze,  1.  c. 


Malvastrum.  M  A  L\'  A( '  K  .K.  309 

Ell.  Sk.  ii.  159,  hanlly  Piirsli,  Fl.  ii.  4.'J2.i  —  (iravi-liy  aii<l  rorky  liill**  aii<I  »«uikK.  Ntuthville, 
Tennessee  (not  seen  farther  east),  and  along  llie  MisMinsijipi  fn»ni  Si.  lyouis  northwanl,  wi-^i 
to  Kansas;  H.  late  .summer. 

-1—  ■\—  Cliiefiy  perennial,  sulitrtjjiical :  |>ulie.sten<e  not  Icpiilotc-mcihui 

M.  Rugelii,  Watsox.  Suffruticose,  a  yanl  iiigli,  l>raniliing  :  btcms  mrif^oho  witli  i'-4  ri\.<l 
close  hairs :  leaves  deltoid-ovate  to  oldonj,',  inch  or  two  long,  rather  long-|H>(iolid,  connM-lv 
and  irregularly  serrate,  s|)arsely  anil  minutely  putie.scent,  siraight-veined  :  llowtn*  M-iwile  or 
nearly  so  in  the  axils  and  sulnajjitate  at  the  ends  of  the  l)ranihe8 ;  ImutletM  of  invo|nci-l 
suhulate  :  ealyx-lohes  from  triangular-ovate  to  short-acuminate,  shorter  than  the  onuigc- 
yellow  j)etals  :  mature  carjiels  al)out  15,  depressed-reniform,  nmcli  compresw-d,  hii^iiidulouH 
above,  j)ointless  or  with  an  ohscure  point  hehiml  the  inliexed  ai)ex. —  I'pk-.  Am.  Acad.  xvii. 
367,  witiiout  the  synonymy  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  G08.  Malra  srt,/,<niii,  .Jac(j  Collect  i.  59,  & 
Ic.  Har.  t.  i;39,  not  L'ller.  M.  corrhori/olia,  Desr.  in  Lam.  Diet.  iii.  755  (good  specif,  name). 
M.  Americaiiii,  var.,  Shuttl.  in  distr.  ])1.  Kugel,  no.  9(1.  —  S.  Floriihi,  Jiui/tl,  G'arier,  Curtim, 
dist.  by  tlie  latter  as  Melochia  seirata  ;  perliaps  introduced.     (San  Domingo,  &c.) 

M.  tricuspidatum,  Okay.  SufTmtescent  or  northwardly  only  annual,  a  f<Kjt  or  yard 
high,  freely  liranching,  strigose  witii  mostly  2-rayed  (i.  e.  medifixeil)  or  some  3-rayed  and 
some  simple  hairs :  leaves  slender-jjetioled,  from  round-ovate  or  suhconlatc  to  ovate-oldong, 
irregularly  and  tliickly  serrate,  larger  obscurely  3-lobed,  numerously  straight-veined  :  fiowirs 
mostly  solitary  in  the  axils,  mostly  surpas.sed  by  the  j)etioles :  j)ctals  liriglit  yellow  (exjiand- 
ing  ouly  at  midday),  exceeding  the  calyx:  carpels  8  to  11,  dc|iressed  and  conduplicate- 
reuiform,  hirsute  at  summit,  bearing  an  awn-like  cusp  just  back  of  the  inHexeil  apex  (splitting 
into  two  in  dehiscence)  and  a  p.air  of  short  and  blunt  ones  on  the  back.  — 1*1.  Wright,  i.  If>, 
&  Bot.  U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.  148  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  72.  M.  curplnifolinm,  Gray,  I'l.  Feudl. 
22,  a  mistake.  Maica  Coromandelimui,  L.  Spec.  ii.  687,  but  not  native  to  India.  M.  Irims- 
jiidatn,  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iv.  210;  DC.  Proilr.  i.  430.  M.  Americnmi,  Cav.  Dis.-*.  ii.  80,  t.  22. 
f.  2,  not  L.  M.  sitbhastata,  Cav.  1.  c.  72,  t.  21,  f.  3.  ^f.  Dotniin/ttisis,  Spreng.  in  DC.  1  c. 
431.  M.  Lindlieimeriana,  Scheele,  Linmea,  xxi.  470  {Mdlinstnim  I.iinlhrimirianum,  Walp. 
Ann.  ii.  153).  Sida  hracteolata  &  5.  carjilnuidcs,  DC.  I.e.  460,  461.'- —  Texivs  and  Florida; 
also  a  ballast-weed  farther  north.     (Trop.  Amer.  and  nat.  on  most  trop.  shores.) 

M.  SCOparium,  Gray.  Frutescent,  with  minute  stellnlar-canescent  and  no  strigose  pnlies- 
cciice  :  loaves  ovate  or  deltoid-ovate,  or  subcordate,  acutely  serrate,  with  few  pairs  of  stniight 
veins  :  flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so  in  the  axils  and  subspicate  at  ends  of  bramhes :  caly.x 
finely  canescent,  with  ovate  lobes  obtuse  or  barely  acute  :  mature  carpels  canescently  puites- 
cent  at  depressed  top,  bearing  a  pair  of  conical  tubercles  on  the  back,  but  no  aj)ical  cusj)  or 
a  mere  vestige. — Bot.  U.  S.  Expl  Exped.  147.  Malm  srojxtria.  L'ller.  Stirp.  Nov.  t.  27; 
?  Cav.  Diss.  t.  21,  f.  4.  —  Mountains  south  of  Tucson,  Arizona,  Priuijlc  (distr.  as  .1/.  Iricu»/>i- 
datum).  Parish.     (Mex.,  S.  Am.) 

M.  spicatum,  Gray.  Frutescent,  pubescent,  not  strigose,  2  or  3  feet  high  :  leaves  dell.. id- 
ovate,  crenate-serrate,  rarely  obscurely  lol)ed,  more  sjiarsely-veincd.  larger  5-rit)lK-il  at  h:\sc, 
slender-petioled :  flowers  mainly  in  terminal  heads  or  at  length  cylindrical  spikes:  calyx 
barbately  hirsute  or  hi.spid  ;  the  lobes  acuminate  :  mature  car|)els  i!e|)res.sed-renif<>rni,  hirsute 
at  top,  pointless,  tlie  inflexed  apex  rostrately  extended.  —  I'l.  Fendl.  22.  M.  Americanum, 
Terr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  38.  Maira  spirata,  L.  Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  967.  M.  Americana,  L.  Sjkm?. 
ii.  687,  as  tcj  syn.  Breyn.  Cent.  124,  t.  57.  M.  spirnta,  nratn,  &  poli/starl,i/u,  Cav.  Diss.  t.  20, 
f.  2,  4,  &  t.  138,  f.  3.3—  S.  Texas,  on  the  lower  Bio  Grande.  Scliotl.  Intr.Kluce.i  at  Apalachi- 
cola,  Florida,  Chainnan.  (Mex.,  Trop.  Am.,  and  now  di.spersed  thnnigli  tro|.ics.) 
^—  H—  ^—  Warm-temperate  perennial,  cinereous  with  lepidote-stellular  very  short  pubes- 
cence :  flowers  solitary  and  subsessile  in  upper  axils,  foliaceous-involucellate. 

M.  Wrightii,  Ghat.  A  foot  or  two  high :  rigid  stems  a.scending  from  a  lit'nes<-ont  ki.«o. 
sparingly  branched:  leaves  from  subcordate-oval  to  oblong,  obtuse,  ruber  carscly  H-rnite 
and  .slender-petioled  :  bractlets  of  tlie  involucel  ovate  or  sul>cor.late.  adnato  to  ba.-^'  of  cjilyx 

1  Add  syn.  ^ftllvenpsIg  hifplda,  Kimtze.  I.  c. 

^  Adi\  syn.  ^falvastrum  coroinandelianuin,  Gnrcke,   Bonpl.uidia,  v.  '2'''-       1/ ..•. .>..,.    i. .,,,-;.•,.«.. 
Kuntze,  1.  c. 

*  Add  syn.  Malveopgis  spicnta,  Ktmtze,  I.  c. 


310  MALVACEAE.  Malcastrum. 

and  more  or  less  surpassed  by  the  ovate-acumiuate  calyx-lobes  :  petals  half  inch  long  :  car- 
pels 15  to  20,  firiu-L-oriaceous,    much  compressed,  brownisli  red  at  maturity,  smooth,  the 
narrow  back  tiat  witli  acutish  angles,  hirsute  at  top,  where  it  is  dorsally  2-gibbous  and  ven- 
trally  subulate-aristate  or  pointed.  —  Tl.  Fendl.  21,  I'l.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  160,  &  Gen.  111.  ii.  60, 
t.  122.     Malra  aurantiaca,  Scheele,  1.  c.  469,  tiierefore  Mu/vustrum  uuruntiacum,  Walp.  Ann. 
ii.  153.1  —  Mesquit  soil,  Texas,  Drummond,  Wright,  Lindheimer,  &c. ;  fl.  summer. 
*   *   *  Peduncles   or   pedicels   short :    petals   scarlet,  copper-colored   or  sometimes  rose- 
colored  :  carpels  wholly  pointless  :  iuvolucel  of  2  or  3  very  slender  or  rarely  ovate  bract- 
lets,  often  deciduous,  or  obsolete.  —  Sphieralceoides.     Western  perennials,  some  shrubby, 
canescent  or  tomentose  with  many-rayed  stellular  pubescence. 
-1—  Pubescence  wholly  lepidote  and  silvery,  i.  e.  of  peltate  scales  fringed  with  very  many 
short  hairs,  indistinguishable  except  with  a  good  lens :  leaves  very  narrow. 
M.  leptoph^llum,  Gr.\t.     a  foot  or  le.ss  high  from  lignescent  base  and  stock;  stems  very 
numerous,  erect  or  ascending,  slender  :  lower  leaves  sliort-ix'tioliHl  and  3-parted  or  -divided 
into  narrow  linear  divisions;  upper  simple  and  sessik>,  mostly  filiform:  flowers  few  and 
racemose  at  summit :  petals  copper-red,  less  than  half  inch  long:  fruit  depressed-globular, 
slightly  surpassing  the  triangular  calyx-lobes;  carpels  9  or  10,  tomentulose,  thickish  and 
rounded  on  the  back,  sides  coarsely  and  .strongly  reticulated.  — PI.  Wright,  i.  17,  ii.  20.^  — 
S.  W.  Texas  and  New  Mexico,  Wright,  Thurbv.r,  &c.,  to  S.  Utah,  Mrs.  Thompson. 
■i—  -i—  Stem  and  leaves  (at  least  on  the  lower  surface)  canesceut-tomento.se  with  short  pu- 
bescence :  calyx  and  rather  narrow  lanceolate  to  linear  iuvolucellate  bractlets  hirsute  or 
villous :  leaves  roundish  or  obscurely  lobed,  obtusely  dentate  or  crenate :  carpels  subor- 
bicular,  tliiu-walled  and  promptly  2-valved  at  maturity,  smooth  or  when  young  tomentose. 
]y[.*  Palmeri,  Watson.'     Herbaceous  stem  stout,  equably  leafy  to  summit :  leaves  2  or  3 
inches  long,  covered  on  both  surfaces  with  short  and  persistent  stellate  tonientum ;  the  base 
truncate  or  subcordate  ;  petioles  long  :  flowers  few  and  sessile  in  a  capitate  cluster  at  the 
summit  of  a  terminal  peduncle,  foliaceous-bracteate  :  calyx-lobes  ovate-lancenlate,  attenuate, 
5  lines  in  length,  with  the  linear  little  shorter  iuvolucellate  bractlets  soft-hirsute  :  petals 
inch  long,  light  rose-color. — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  250,  &  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  437.  —  San  Luis 
Obispo  Co.,  California,  at  Cambria,  a  mile  from  the  beach,  Palmer.     A  peculiar  species. 

M.*  involucratum,  Eobinson,  n.  sp.  Branches  terete,  finely  stellate-pubescent :  leaves 
thickish,  rugulose  and  soon  wholly  glabrate  above,  a  little  paler  and  finely  stellate-pu])escent 
beneath,  3-lobed  and  crenate,  cordate  at  the  base  with  a  shallow  mostly  narrow  sinus ;  lobes 
obtuse  or  rounded  ;  petioles  6  lines  to  inch  and  a  half  long  :  flowers  smaller  than  in  the  last 
preceding  species,  densely  capitate  ;  heads  terminal,  solitary,  involucrate  with  several  l)road 
sessile  ovate  or  oblong  acute  or  obtusish  bracts  ;  bractlets  3,  lanceolate  :  calyx  half  inch  in 
length  ;  segments  ovate,  acuminate,  2^  to  3  lines  long :  corolla  pale  purple  or  white,  10  lines 
in  length  :  carpels  about  10.  —  California,  at  .Tolon,  Brandegee  (herb.  Gray),  and  between 
Jolon  and  King  City,  Miss  Eastirood  (herb.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.).  An  interesting  species  (pre- 
sumably of  restricted  range),  with  habit  of  the  preceding  but  different  foliage  and  smaller 
flowers. 

M.  densiflorum,  Watsox.  Two  or  three  feet  high,  suffnitescent  below :  leaves  round- 
cordate,  tomentose  on  both  surfaces,  inch  or  more  in  diameter,  rather  long-petioled :  flowers 
numerous  in  sessile  heads  along  the  naked  summit  of  the  branches,  distant  or  approximate 
in  an  interrupted  spike :  calyx  with  ovate  at  length  attenuate-acuminate  teeth  and  along 
with  slender  bractlets  and  whole  inflorescence  hispidly  hirsute  with  slender  spreading  hairs : 
petals  half  inch  long,  ro.se-red :  carpels  glabrous.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  368.  —  S.  Cali- 
fornia, near  San  Jacinto  Mountains  in  the  Colorado  Desert,  Parish,  and  San  Juan  Capi.s- 
trano,  Nevin. 

-)—  -t—  -I—  Foliage  and  carpels  of  the  last  division  :  bractlets  of  the  involucels  broad,  ovate, 
acuminate,  .stellate-tomentulose  but  not  hirsute  nor  villous. 

1  Add  syn.  Malveopsis  aurantiaca,  Knntze,  1.  c. 

2  .Add  sjTi.  Malveopsis  leptophylla,  Kuntze,  1.  c. 

8  The  description  of  this  plant  has  been  modilied  to  exclude  more  clearly  the  next  following  nearly 
related  but  quite  distinct  species. 


Malvastrum.  MALVACKJ:.  311 

M.*  aboriginum,  Kouinson,  n.  !«i».  Hhhk  hes  cnvinil  witli  a  Hoft  whiu<  fi-lt<<l  loiiiinttiiii : 
leaves  l)ri>;iilly  uvatc,  rordate  witli  a  shallow  ati<l  narrow  fiiiiiH,  olttum*.  •'i-5-lolie<|  aii<i  cn-tiatc- 
dentate,  ineli  ami  a  half  in  lenj^th,  somewhat  i>roailer,  ruj;tiloi.eal>»jve,Manelyimler  bt-neatli, 
borne  on  petioles  of  nearly  their  own  lerif^th  :  (lowers  sessile,  gluinerute  in  the  U|)|ier  axiU 
and  above  forminj;  elongated  Hexuous  almost  naked  interrujited  terminal  inrtorem-c*nce« : 
bractlets  of  the  involiuel  ."J,  ovate,  4  to  5  lines  in  li-ngth,  '\  to  :\\  lines  in  breadth,  s^iinetinieH 
slightly  connate  at  the  base:  ealyx  short  and  strongly  iilicate-angbd,  ('aneM■lMlt-^•mentll• 
lose;  segments  broader  than  long,  abrujitly  acuminate  :  carjnds  about  H. —  Indian  Valb-y. 
California,  Mrs.  M.  K.  Currun,  June,  1885  (herl).  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.).  Well  chara<teri/.e<l 
among  American  species  by  its  broad  bractlets,  which,  however,  occur  in  Wiine  Sjuth  Afri- 
can congeners. 

4—  -)—  -I—  H—  Herbage  and  calyx  densely  stellate-tomentoso ;  no  hirsute  haim  :  involuc<>nat« 
bractlets  more  naked,  filiform,  rather  deciduous :  carjtels  oval  with  e.\ci»c<l  insertion,  thin- 
walled,  at  length  smooth,  pnjmptly  2-valved  :  leaves  rounded,  obscurely  lobcd,  rather short- 
petioled,  thickish  :  stems  robust,  2  or  3  or  even  6  to  8  feet  high. 

M.  marrubioides,  Durand  &  Hiluard.  Suffruticose  ?  2  or  3  feet  high,  ronghish  with 
sliort-rayed  tomeutose  pubescence :  leaves  broadly  ovate,  rarely  suln-onlate,  irregularly 
and  often  sharply  dentate,  inch  or  two  long,  or  uppermost  smaller:  flowers  sulwessile  in 
short  subsessile  axillary  clusters:  calyx-lolies  long-attenuate  or  caudate-acuminate  from 
an  ovate  base,  at  length  half  inch  long  :  petals  over  half  inch  long,  ro.xe-color.  — Jour.  Acad. 
Philad.  ser.  2,  iii.  38,  &  Pacif.  R.  Kep.  v.  6,  t.  2 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  8.-) ;  (Jray. 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  290.  M.foliosum,  Wats.  ibid.  xx.  356.'  —  California,  near  Millerton 
on  the  upper  San  Joaquin,  Ileermann  ;  also  Santo  Thomas,  northern  borders  of  I><jwer  Cali- 
fornia, Orrutt,  1S84. 

Var.  paniculatum,  Gray,  1.  c.  Less  canescent :  flowers  copious  in  loo.«*e  somctimefl 
slender-pedunculate  panicles,  some  rather  slender-pedicellate.  —  Nortiicrn  jtart  of  Lower 
California,  at  All  Saints'  Bay,  Orcult,  1886. 

M.*  Fremontii,  Tokr.^  Shrubby  below,  4  to  8  feet  high,  densely  soft-toment. M^e  with 
longer-raved  stellular  pubescence:  leaves  pentagonal  or  roundish,  shallowly  or  scarcely  at 
all  cordate,  crenate-toothed,  the  larger  3  inches  broad  :  flowers  in  axillary-sessile  or  short- 
pedunculate  clusters,  at  summit  of  stem  interrupted-spicate  :  calyx  densely  lanate-toment«.«m, 
the  short  triangular  acute  lobes  2  to  2^  lines  long,  nuu-ronate  with  a  more  naked  tip: 
"flowers  rose-scented;  petals  rose-color,"  hardly  half  inch  long.  —  Torr.  in  tJray.  I'l.  Fendl. 
21.8  Spha:ra/cea  Lindheimeri,  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  86,  as  to  Calif,  jd  ,  not  (Jray,  the 
resemblance  superficial.  —  Mountains  of  California,  from  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Parish,  to 
Calaveras  Co.,  Rdltnn  ;  first  coll.  by  Fremont,  next  by  Brewfr. 

Var.*  cercophorum,  Kouinson,  n.  var.  Calyx  much  longer,  7  to  8  lines  in  length  ; 
the  lance-linear  divisions  caudate-attenuate,  equalling  or  nearly  equalling  the  petals.— 
Arrovo  del  Valle,  Alameda  Co.,  California,  coll.  P»o/.  E.  L.  Greene,  14  June,  1895  (herb. 
Tniv'  of  Calif.). 

M.*  arcuatum,  Robinson,  n.  comb.  Shrub  with  long  subsimple  terete  branches  covered 
with  a  dense  white  felted  tomentum  :  leaves  ovate,  petiolate,  ol)tu.se  or  rounded  at  the  Imisc, 
deeply  crenate  but  scarcely  or  not  at  all  lol)ed,  thickish  and  very  rugose,  sihju  gn'en  above 
but  densely  canescent-tomentose  beneath  :  flowers  .«essile  in  the  u|)per  axils  and  forming  at 
the  ends  of  the  branches  long  interruptedly  spicate  unilateral  inflorescences  ;  liractlets  linenr- 
filiform,  equalling  the  calyx  :  this  soft  tomentose  but  l>y  no  means  so  densely  w.ndly  as  in  the 
hist  preceding  species  :  petals  roseate,  three  fourths  inch  long:  young carjnds  denwdy  tomen- 
tose.—  Malveopsis  arcuutn,  Greene,  Man.  Hay-Reg.  66.  Muhnstruiit  tiKirnihioidrf,  (;n>enc. 
Fl.  Francis.  109,  not  Dur.  &  Hilg.  — California,  "eastern  .slopes  of  the  Coast  Range  back  of 
Belmont."  A  species  to  be  recognized  by  its  ])eculiar  very  rugose  ovate  not  |)entagonal 
leaves. 

1  Add  syn.  ^falveop»is  tnavrubioirlfS,  Kuntze.  1.  c. 

2  The  description  of  this  species  has  been  .xlightly  modilied  to  exclude  more  clearly  (he  next  (>'\- 
lowing. 

3  Add  syn.  Afalvcopfis  /■'nmnnli,  Greene,  Erythea.  i.  171. 


322  MALVACEAE.  Malvustrum. 

.,_  ^_  ^_  ^_  4_  Herbage  and  calyx  canesceut  with  close  ami  fine  stellular  pubescence,  no 

hispid  or  hirsute  hairiness  :  involucellate  bractlets  small  aud  mostly  deciiluous. 
++  Frutescent  or  truly  shrubby :  leaves  barely  lobed :  carpels  in  age  glabrous  or  nearly  so, 

smooth,  thin-walled,  2-valved. 

—  Flowers  glomerate-spicate  to  racemose-paniculate  :  buds  acutish. 
M.*  Davidsonii  Kobinson,  n.  sp.  Tall  shrub  or  small  tree  "  six  to  fifteen  feet  in  height," 
braiichlets  stout,  fiexuous  :  leaves  thickisii,  but  not  rugose,  rather  large,  2  to  3  indies  in 
diameter,  deeply  cordate  with  nai-row  sinus,  5-augled  or  shallowly  5-lobed,  varying  to  3-lobed, 
irregularlv  dentate,  covered  on  both  sides  (as  are  the  brauclilets  and  petioles)  witli  copious 
loose  wiiitish  stellate  tomentum  :  flowers  numerous,  clustered  in  or  shortly  racemose  from 
the  upper  axils  and  also  forming  dense  rather  stiff  sub-spicate  terminal  inflorescences : 
bractlets  considerably  shorter  than  the  calyx  :  calyx-segments  canescent-tomentose  and  with- 
out more  naked  nmcronate  tips,  euervose  or  faintly  1-nerved :  petals  rose-purple,  half  to 
three  fourths  inch  long:  carpels  stellate-tomentose  above.  —  31.  sjilendidum,  Davidson, 
Erythea,  iv.  68,  not  Kell.  —  Sandy  soil,  S.  California  from  the  Coast  Mts.  of  Los  Angeles 
Co.,  where  coll!  in  San  Fernando  Valley,  1895,  by  Dr.  A.  Davidson  (who  first  distinguished 
the  species  from  M.  Fremontii),  and  earlier  at  Big  Tajungo  by  Lijon,  to  Antelope  Valley, 
Parish,  no.  1955,  and  Bear  Valley,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Parish,  Aug.  1879,  the  earliest  col- 
lection. The  last  two  specimens  have  leaves  witli  more  rounded  lobes.  This  species,  here- 
tofore referred  to  M.  Fremontii,  differs  from  it  in  its  less  densely  tomentose  calyx,  shorter 
bractlets  and  deeply  cordate  leaves.  Its  obsoletely  nerved  calyx  and  some  other  characters 
argue  for  its  distinctness  from  the  still  somewhat  obscure  M.  splendidum,  Kellogg. 
M.  Thurberi  Gray.  Stems  3  to  15  feet  high,  with  the  woody  base  often  an  inch  or  more 
tliick:  ])ubesccnce  all  very  short  and  close,  almost  scurfy:  leaves  roundish,  mostly  subcor- 
date,  creuate,  obscurely  3-5-lobed  or  some  3-cleft,  inch  or  two  in  diameter,  some  larger : 
flowers  in  sessile  or  short-ped uncled  clusters,  spicately  or  sometimes  paniculately  disposed  on 
virgate  nearly  naked  branches,  "  fragrant  " :  calyx-lobes  broadly  ovate,  obtuse  aud  with  or 
without  a  short  point :  petals  about  half  inch  long,  rose-purple  :  carpels  obovate-oval,  very 
like  those  of  M.  Fremontii.  —  PI.  Thurb.  307  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c.  85.  Malva  fnscirnlaia, 
Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  225.1  — Dry  hills,  &c.,  S.  California,  from  San  Luis  Obispo  to 
San  Diego,  and  on  the  islands ;  also  east  to  Arizona ;  first  coll.  by  Xutta/I.    (Sonora,  Thurber.) 

Var.   laxiflorum,   Gkay.     Inflorescence  somewhat  loosely  paniculate.  —  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  xxii.  291.     M.  splendidum,  Kellogg,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  65;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c, 
but  wrong  carpels  described.^  —  Sierra  Santa  Monica  to  Los  Angeles  and  to  S.  Utah,  a 
mere  form  of  the  species. 
__  ^=  Flowers  chiefly  terminal  on  the  branchlets  of  a  pyramidal  and  more  or  less  fastigiate 

panicle,  not  evidently  racemose  :  buds  obovate,  very  obtuse. 
M.*  nesioticum,  Robinsox,  n.  sp.  A  much  branched  shrub ;  branches  canescent  with  a 
minuter  tomentum  :  leaves  of  firm  texture,  somewhat  pentagonal,  shallowly  3-5-lobed,  when 
well  developed  deeply  and  narrowly  cordate,  green  and  appearing  smooth  (yet  minutely 
stellate-pubescent)  above,  canescent  beneath,  rather  short-petioled,  often  revulute  at  the 
crenate  or  subentire  margins:  branches  of  the  rather  rigid  panicle  numerous,  ascending: 
calyx  finely  canescent-pubescent ;  segments  obtusish,  not  equalling  the  tube :  bractlets  a 
third  to  half  as  long  as  the  calyx  :  rose-purple  petals  6  to  8  lines  long.  —  J/.  Thurberi,  var. 
laxiflorum,  Grav,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  291,  in  small  part ;  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 
ii.  392.  —  Island  of  Sta.  Cruz,  California,  Greene,  1 886,  Brandegee,  1 888.  A  doubtful  species, 
perhaps  only  an  extreme  form  of  the  variable  M.  Thurberi,  as  regarded  by  Dr.  Gray,  but 
with  decidedly  different  foliage  and  inflorescence  from  any  variety  of  the  mainland  as  yet 
seen. 
++  ++  Herbaceous,  low,  from  running  rootstocks  :  leaves  pedately  3-5-parted  or  nearly 

divided :    carpels    round-reniform,   tomentulose-pubescent,   reticulate-rugose,  tardily  and 

incompletely  dehiscent. 

1  KM  syn.  Malvastrum  fasciculatuvi,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  108.     Malveopsis  fasciculata,  Kuntze, 
1.  c. ;  Greene,  Man.  Bay-Reg.  66. 

2  Add  syn.  Malveopsis  splendida,  Kuntze,  1.  c. 


Sphmralcea.  MALVACK.E. 


313 


M.  COCCineum,  Gray.  A  span  or  two  hiK»i.  tufted,  Bomewhat  Milvcrv-caiiCM-cnt,  the 
I-iilMsceii. .-  of  til.-  calyx  looser,  even  somewhat  villous  :  leaves  ineh  or  l.-ss  iii  diameter  '  the 
cuj.tatf  or  iiarn.wer  divisions  mostly  I'-M-.Iefl  int..  spatnlale  or  linear  1..Ik-s  tlowen.  M.ort- 
pedicelled,  crow.led  or  at  length  looser  in  a  terminal  leafv-l.ase.l  ra.eme  :  eah  x1..»m-s  lan.e.- 
late-tnangular,  in  age  ineurve.l  over  the  fruit :  petals  cj-per-searlet  or  t.ri.  kri-.|  _  I'l  Fendl 
21,  24  (partly),  I'l.  Wright,  i.  17  (with  var.  dUse.ium,  whi.li  is  merely  the  m..^l  narr..w-le«vwl 
form),  (Jen.  111.  ii.  t.  121.  ^  Man.  ed.  5.  101.  M.,lvn  rorri,,,,,.  Suit.'  in  Knu.er.  Cat..  &  (i,,,. 
n.  81.  Cnslanu  n.rcua,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  453;  Sims,  But.  Mag.  t.  ir.::j.  >„/„  r.^riura  \)V 
Prodr,  i.  465;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  108.1  .y.  diBsrrta,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  (iniv  Fl  i  215  • 
Hook.  &  Am.  Bot.  Beech.  .327,  tho  narrower-leaved  form.  -  Plains  from  the  S:u.katrhe*«n 
and  W.  Iowa  to  W.  Texas,  thence  west  to  S.  Arizona  and  E.  ()reg..n  ;»  first  coll.  I.y  A'i///«// 
A  tall  form  with  broad-lobed  leaves  has  been  called  var.«  elaUim,  by  E.  G.  Baker  Jour 
Bot.  xxix.  171.  '  '  ■ 

Species  of  doubtful  affinity,  not  seen  by  the  editor. 
M.*  Orbiculatum,  Ghkkne.  "  Suffrutescent,  the  stout,  erect,  and  simple  branches  2  t..  .1 
feet  high;  whole  jdant  densely  tomentose :  leaves  sh..rtpeti..h-d,  1  to  2  inches  long  an.l  as 
broad,  the  lower  and  smaller  rouud-reniform,  the  n|)per  orbicular,  not  even  ol.scur.-lv  h.l.ed 
but  coarsely  creiiate,  very  obtuse  or  slightly  retuse  :  flowers  many,  nearly  sessile  and  dens<dv 
glomerate  in  the  axils  of  the  upj.er  leaves  and  at  almost  leafless" subterminal  no<les  :  bract- 
lets  setaceous,  much  shorter  than  the  lanceolate  acuminate  ileep  calyxIol>es :  con.lla  deep 
rose-color,  6  lines  long  or  more:  fruit  unknown."  — Fl.  Francis.  lO'J  (whence  de»cr.).— 
"Mountains  south  of  Tehachapi,  Kern  Co.,"  Calif.,  (,'ieene. 

8.  SPH-<ERALCEA,  St.  Hil.  (Scjbaipa,  a  sphere,  <i\K(a,  a  mallow,  tlie 
fruit  comiiioiilj  splierical.)  —  PI.  Us.  Bras.  t.  52,  &  Fl.  Hra.s.  Mrri.l.  i.  2U'.l ; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  69,  t.  127,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  2'Jl  ;  Ik-iith.  &  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  294  (excl.  Meliphlea,  Zucc.).^  —  Herbs  or  suffrutico.se  plants  (American 
with  one  or  two  S.  African),  with  habit  of  Malvastrum  and  Abutilon,  founded  on 
S.Cisplatina  of  Buenos  Ayres.  The  first  division  confluent  with  the  sirond  on 
one  hand,  with  Malvastrum  on  the  other. 

*  Fruit  usually  more  or  less  globose-depressed:  ovules  1  or  2,  the  ujijier  .>;el«l..m  m.ituring: 
mature  carpels  more  or  less  reniform,  tomentulo.se  or  glabrate,  and  with  thin  and  snicK>lh 
summit  or  upper  half  usually  empty,  at  maturity  directly  .leci.Iuous  from  the  axis,  only 
upper  part  bivalvular-  or  intror.se-dehiscent ;  lower  and  seminiferous  portion  strongly  and 
firmly  reticulated  over  the  thin  or  diaphanous  sides :  pereunial  herbs  except  perhajw  the 
first. 

-I-  Root  simple,  apparently  winter-annual  :  short  scarious  summit  t.f  mature  larpel  inflexcd. 
S.  Coulteri,  Gkay.  Canescent  on  younger  parts,  when  ol.ier  rather  loos(-ly  stelIuIar-pulK»s- 
cciit  and  becoming  greenish:  stems  about  a  foot  high,  numerous,  a.scending  from  the  tap 
root:  leaves  roundish-.subcordate,  seldom  inch  long,  (tb.scurely  or  more  di.stinctiv  3-lol>e<l, 
incisely  or  doubly  crenate :  flowers  clustered  in  axils  ami  racemose  at  sununit,  short|iedi- 
celled:  calyx  barely  3  lines  long  :  petals  quarter  or  third  inch  long,  orange  scarlet :  rar|K'ls 
15  to  20,  at  maturity  over  a  line  long,  flat,  reniform  in  outline  from  the  strong  incurvation 
of  the  quadrate-oblong  scarious  em])ty  apex,  1-ovuled.  the  thin  seminiferous  Unly  aliM» 
scarious  but  strongly  reticulated  and  as  if  fcnestr.ite  throughout,  the  firm  meshe?*  dark 
colored. — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  291.  S.  Feiidlrri,  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  39.  mainly. 
Malvastrum  Coulleri,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  125;  Brew.  &  Wat,««.  B..t.  Calif,  i.  85  (thin 
projection  within  carpel  not  found).*  —  W.  Arizona,  on  and  near  the  Cila,  first  coll.  by  Th. 

1  Add  syn.  Malveopm  coccinen,  Kuntzc.  1.  c. 

2  Northwest  to  Kamloops  Lake,  Brit.  Culiinibia,  ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun. 
8  Add  K.  G.  Baker,  Jour.  Bot.  xxxi.  .'tOI. 

*  Add  Pvn.  .}falvtopsis  mullijiorum,  Greene,   Fl.  Francis.   1(19.     Mulvtoptit   CnulUri,  Kuntzr,  Rrr 
Gen.  i.  72. " 


314  MALVACE^.  Sphceralcea. 

Coulter,  then  by  Schott,  Lemmon,  &c. ;  common  at  Maricopa,  Gray  &,  Farloir.^     Oue  of  the 
transitions  to  Malvastnim. 

^-  -I-  Perennial  (?)  with  carpels  almost  as  in  Malvustrum,  reniform,  uniovulate,  deeply 
reticulate  upon  the  sides ;  the  upper  sterile  portion  relatively  minute  and  inconspicuous, 
incurved,  muticous. 
S*(?)  Orciittii,   Rose.     Finely  tomentose  and  canescent  throughout,  2  to  3  feet  high, 
branched  above':  leaves  petiolate,  ovate-oblong,  slightly  3-lobed ;  lobes  broad  and  rounded, 
barely  crenulate  or  entire,  the  middle  one  much  the  longest,  the  basal  sometimes  obscure  : 
flowe'rs  small,  closelv  grouped  in  and  shortly  racemose  from  the  upper  axils,  becoming  at 
the  summits  of  the  brandies  interruptedly  subspicate  :  calyx  about  21  to  3  lines  in  length  : 
corolla  4  lines  long,  vermilion,  drying  purplish:   carpels  in  a  depressed-globose   stellate- 
pubescent  head,  not  much  over  a  line  in  length.  —  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  289.—  Near 
Canso  Creek  in  the  Colorado  Desert,  California,  Orctttt.    An  anomalous  species,  which, 
except  for  its  obvious  affinities  to  several  Sphceralcece,  could  with  equal  propriety  be  referred 
to  Malvustrum. 

^  ^  J^^  Perennials,  mostly  with  lignescent  roots :   upper  and   mostly  empty  thin  and 
smooth  half  of  mature  carpel  moderately  incurved  or  erect :  species  of  difficult  discrimi- 
nation, at  least  without  mature  fruit. 
++  Leaves  all  or  mainly  palmately  or  pedately  parted  :  mature  carpels  very  blunt,  rarely 
witli  an  obscure  mucro',  occasionally  2-seeded  :  petals  brick-red  or  orange-scarlet. 
S.  pedatifida,   Gray.     Cinereous-puberulent  or  stellular-hirsutulous,  a  foot  or  two  high: 
"stems  slender,' often  loosely  branched:   leaves  with  linear  or  when  wider  with  pinnately 
lobed  divisions  :  petals  quarter  to  half  inch  long :  mature  carpels  strongly  rugose  or  even 
tuberculate  on  the  back,   barelv  2  lines  long.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  291.     Malvastrum 
pedalijidum,   Grav,  PI.    Lindh.  'pt-  2,  160,  PI.  Wright,  i.    17,   &  ii.    20.     Sidakea  atacosa, 
Buckley,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1861,  449.  —  On  the  Rio  Grande  from  El  Paso  downward,  and 
at  San  Antonio,  S.  Texas ;  first  coll.  by  Wright.     (Adj.  Mex.) 
S.  pedata,  Torr.     Silvery-canescent  with  very  short  and  soft  stellular  pubescence,  a  span 
to  2  feet  high,  rather  stout :  leaves  with  cuneate  and  incisely  lobed  divisions  (sometimes  nar- 
rower) :  petals  half  inch  to  almost  inch  long :    mature  carpels  nearly  of  the  preceding  but 
obscurely  rugose  or  reticulated  on  the  back.  — Torr.  in  Gray,  PI   Fendl.  23,  &  PI.  Wright,  i. 
17    (name  only);  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  291.     Sida  grossularnefolia,  Hook.  &  Am. 
Bot.  Beech.  326  ;  therefore  Malvastrum  grossularuefolium,  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  21.    M.  cocciveum, 
Grav,  1.  c,  partly  (no.  81),  &  PI.  Wright,  i.  16.     ?  M.  coccineum.  var.  grossulario'fotium,^  and 
some'of  SphmraJcea  Emori/i,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  47,  48.  —  W.  borders  of  Texas  and  New 
Mexico  to  S.  Arizona  and  N.  W.  Nevada ;  first  coll.  by   Fremont.     Smaller  forms  much 
resembling  Malvastrum  coccineum,  except  in  the  fruit.     Malva  Creeana,  Graham,  Bot.  M.ng. 
t.  3698,  if  N.  American,  probably  came  from  this,  perhaps  through  hybridization  with  some- 
thing else.     Passes  into 

Var.  angustiloba,  Gray,  with  divisions  of  the  leaves  linear  or  narrowly  oblanceolate 
and  entire.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  292.  Malvastrum  coccineum,  var.  1  Gray,  PI.  Wright. 
i.  17.  —  W.  Texas  to  Arizona,  Wright,  Schott,  &c. 

++   ++   Leaves  undivided,  at  most  obtusely  S-.'S-lobed,  roundish,  mostly  cordate. 

=  Canescent,  even  on  the  calyx,  with  short  and  close  stellular  pubescence,  not  lanate- 

tomentose :  carpels  wholly  muticous,  subcoriaceous  on  the  back  to  the  rounded  summit, 

within  fully  half  smooth  and  thin. 

S.  Munroana,  Spach.     Leafy  to  the  top,  a  foot  or  two  high,  minutely  canescent :  leaves 

crenately  toothed  or  sometimes  incised  :  inflorescence  mo.stly  thyrsoid-glomerate :  petals  red 

(usually  scarlet,  but  sometimes  rose-red),  only  half  inch  long:  calyx  2  or  3  lines  long,  not 

surpassing  the  depressed  fruit:  mature  carpels  only  a  line  or  two  long,  oval-reniform. — 

1  Also  W.  Max.,  Palmer,  Hartman. 

2  Some  of  Dr.  Watson's  specimens  from  the  Himiboldt  Mts.,  Nevada  (no.  106,  in  part),  have  much 
larger  flowers  (calyx-lobes  5  lines  in  lenRtli),  and  arc  prol)ably  distinct,  yet  in  default  of  fruit  even 
their  generic  affinities  are  somewhat  doubtful. 


Sphceralcea.  M  AI.VACK.K.  315 

Hist.  Veg.  iii.  353;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Ac-ad.  xxii.  292.  Malta  Munroana,  IViugl.  in  LiucIL 
Bot.  Keg.  t.  l.JOO;  llouk.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  ;J5.J7.  &  Fl.  Bor.-Aiii.  i.  UMJ.  .\utt,ill,a  Munroana. 
Nutt.  Juiir.  Acad.  I'hilad.  vii.  IG.  .)Jiiliiislnim  Muunxnntm,  (iniy.  1*1.  Ffiidl.  21  (excl.  Mtii  ( ; 
Wat.s.  Hot.  Kiiii,'  Kxp.  47,  partly.!  —  l)r>  |,i;,i„.s  i„u.ri,,r  of  Hril  Coliimliia  uiu»t  U.  Idaho, 
.«(>utli  tliroiigli   Nevaihi  and   Llali   jiL-rliaps  to  Nt-w  M»-xit<.  and  Arizona i''    firet  coll.  by 

S.  ambigua,  (Ik.vy.  Lc.*;s  leafy,  a  foot  to  a  yard  liinl'.  lonientuloMM-aneitcent :  leaven 
CTonnlatf  tooilnil :  inflorfsceme  iikIVi-  raccniiforni :  petals  roHonolor.  varying  to  whiti-,  half 
inch  to  incii  \o\\<i  :  talyx  4  to  6  lim-M  long,  with  a»ute  or  acumiiiato  hihc*  Kurpaiwing 
the  moderately  depres.sed  fruit:  carjiolM  reniforui-oldong,  cuniinonly  3  lin«>!i  long  (dt-ciduotia 
and  free  at  maturity).  —  Troo.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  2'J2.  >'.  Kmnnji,  (iray,  Bot.  lv«»  Hi-p. 
8;  Wat.s.  1.  c.  ])artly ;  *  not  Ciray,  I'l.  Fendl.  &  I'l.  Wright. —  Arid  plairn*.  Ac,  Arijuiua, 
Nevada  (the  earliest  collectors,  Newbtrrij,  J'ulmer,  &c.)  to  S.  California,  Thurber,  Xtrin, 
Clerelund.* 
S.  suLi'iiiRKA,  Watson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  113,  125,  of  Guadaloupo  IMand  off  I>.wcr 

California,  is  a  peculiar  pale  yellow-flowered  species  of  this  division,  with  hahit  of  the  original 

^'.  Cisplatinu,  St.  Ilil. 

=  :=   Densely  tomeutose  :  the  leaves  pannuse  and  calyx  thickly  woolly. 

S.  Lindheimeri,  Gray.  Stems  decumbent,  a  foot  or  two  hmg :  leaves  round-cordate 
(larger  2  inches  long),  very  ol)Scurcly  if  at  all  lohed,  irregularly  or  douldy  crcnate :  HoMi-m 
more  or  less  racemose  at  the  ends  of  branches  :  calyx  nearly  half  inch  long:  corolla  rom-  red. 
the  petals  half  inch  long:  mature  car])els  glabrous,  oblong-rcniforni,  much  comprc«.Md.  2 
lines  long,  narrowed  in  tlic  middle;  lower  half  strongly  reticulate  ruf^o.sc ;  (*mo«'th  up|H-r 
half  similarly  rounded,  commonly  empty:  ovules  2  or  3. —  I'l.  Lindli.  jit.  2,  102;  Wat*. 
Bot.  King  Exp.  48,  excl.  syn. ;  not  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  80.—  Prairies  of  S.  Texan, 
Berlandier,  Lindheimer.     (Adj.  Mex.) 

++++++   Leaves  undivided,  more  or  loss   lanceolate,  not  rarely   subhastately   3  IoIkhI  : 
pubescence  close,  cane.scent. 

S.  hastuldta,  Gray,  a  span  to  a  foot  high,  with  a.«cending  stems  leafy  to  the  top:  leaver* 
slender-ijetioled,  inch  or  two  long,  obscurely  toothed  or  entire  on  the  margin,  some  lanci-iv 
late  or  oblong  with  cuneate  or  truncate  ba.se,  some  with  a  jiair  of  short  either  aj«cending  or 
diverging  lobes  near  the  base,  rarely  with  broader  subcordate  b.x<ie  :  flowers  few,  mostly 
slender-pedicelled :  petals  orange-rod.  half  inch  long:  c.ilyx  with  triangnlar-lance<date  loU>« 
surpassing  the  slightly  depro.s.sed  fnuit  :  mature  cari)els  3  lines  long,  ovate  and  w  ith  deep 
reniform  ventral  excision,  tipped  with  small  deciduous  cusp,  often  2-s<'e<led,  the  sniiMitli 
upper  longer  than  the  rugose-reticulated  lower  portion.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  I",  &  ii.  21  ;  Watj«. 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  331. — S.  Texas  and  New  Mexico;  first  coll.  by  lirrhindirr.  (Adj. 
Mex.) 

S.*  SUbhastAta,  Coii.ter.  Mudi  like  the  last  preceding  species  but  usually  lower  and 
frutesceiit :  leaves  smaller,  thicker,  very  rugose  an<l  with  somewhat  coarser  toinentnm : 
flowers  few,  borne  in  the  upper  axils,  somewhat  smaller  and  more  fleeply  colonel  th:ui  in  the 
preceding:  pedicels  mo.stly  only  a  line  or  two  long:  carp«'ls  (.ice.  to  Coulter)  without  any 
cu.sp  at  the  tip.  —  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  32.  ii.  .38.— W.  Texas.  r/,;rUr,  Il,„„r,l, 
Nenllf'i/;  ?  Mimbres  Mts.,  New  Mexico.  HV(V//i/ ;  Arizona,  Toumnj.  (.\  form  from  Coaliuila, 
Pn/mer,  scarcely  differs  except  in  its  larger  Howers.) 

*   *   Fruit  little  or  not  at  all  depressed:  carpels  2-3-ovulate.  l-3soeded.  mostly  oblong  ami 
with  some  ventral  excision,  di.sposed  to  dors.il  Jis  well  a.s  ventral  ilehi.Hcence.  after  fie|iani- 

1  Add  syn.  Mnlveopsls  \fnnronnn,  Kiintzc,  Rev.  (Jen.  i.  72. 

2  Also  Laramie,   Wvomine,  A.  \il.i<>n. 

.  8  Add  syn.  .S.  Fmoryl,  Rrew.  &  Wats.  Rot.  Talif.  1.80;  Greonp,  Fl.  Fr»nri».  1 10  (oxrl.  »yn  ). 
s!  }fonro„na,  Poville,  Contrib.  V.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iv.  74.  as  lo  no.  (1.14.  apin-nr*  hIm,  I..  U-  .s"  .m^.y-rt. 
^  Mr.  S.  R.  Parish  of  San  Rernanlino.  California.  ha«  calK-d  attention  to  tho  fart  that  ibrrr  i.  • 
pnrpl.'-flowerpd  form  of  .S.  nmhifjttn  at  Palm  Sprinir*.  S.  t'alifoniin.  The  !.pocir«  aUo  .hown  ron«i.lrr. 
able  variation  in  the  size  of  flowers,  density  of  inrton'f.crnre,  nhape  and  pidw^cnc*  of  leave*.  Hut 
these  distinctions  cannot  as  yet  be  correlated  for  a  satisfactory  specific  or  even  varietal  »ubdiviMon. 


316  MALVACEAE.  Sphceralcea. 

tion  from  the  axis  cohering  by  their  sides  and  lield  by  a  short  thiwui  which  at  length 

coninioulv  peels  off  from  the  base  of  the  dorsal  suture  (and  when  detached  sometimes  goes 

with  the  carpel,  sometimes  is  left  on  the  receptacle) :  perennial  lierbs. 
-t—  Carpels  canescent  or  glabrate  on  the  back :  leaves  comparatively  small,  not  maple-like. 
++   Lanceolate  to  linear,  not  lobed,  rarely  even  incised,  short-petioled. 
S.  angustifolia,  Don.     Subcauescent  with  somewhat  scurfy  pubescence,  2  to  5  feet  high, 
verv  leafy  tiirougliout :  leaves  2  to  5  inches  long,  .quarter  to  full  inch  wide,  thickly  and 
irreo-ulariv  crenulate,  lower  occasionally  subhastately  incised  near  base:  flowers  clustered 
and  short-pedicelled  in  most  axils  of  the  branches  :  petals  rose-red,  iialf  to  tliree  fourths  iiuii 
long:  calyx  little  surpassing  the  globose  umbilicate  fruit:  mature  carpels  in  the  typical 
species  oblong,  2  lines  or  more  long,  rounded  at  summit,  thiunish  and  smooth  throughout, 
or  basal  portion  verv  slightly  rugulose.  —  Syst.  i.  465;  Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  iii.  353;  Benth. 
PI.  Hartw.  7;  Grav.Pl.  Fendl.  23,  &  PI.  Wriglit.  i.  21  ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  331. 
Malva  angustifolia,  Cav.   Diss.  ii.  64,  t.  20,  f.  3,  &  Ic.  t.  68 ;    Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2839. 
Sphm-oma  angustifoUum,  Schlecht.  Linnaa,  xi.  353.     (Only  Mexican.) 

Var.*  violaicea,  J.  B.  Davy.  Leaves  somewhat  narrower:  petals  violet-purple: 
carpels  (as  in  the  type)  destitute  of  mucros.  —  Erythea,  iii.  US.  — Banks  of  the  Kio  Grande 
at  Painted  Cave.  Texas,  J.  Burtt  Davy,  no.  36. 

Var.  CUSpidata,  Gray.  Leaves  mostly  smaller  and  narrower:  petals  quarter  to 
tliird  inch  long,  red  :  carpels  narrower,  tipped  with  an  erect  cusp  or  nmcro  (sometimes  very 
short  or  partly  deciduous,  sometimes  a  persistent  awn  of  a  line  in  length,  divided  into  two 
at  dehiscence),  the  short  basal  portion  below  the  excLsion  either  slightly  or  conspicuously 
rugose-reticulated  on  the  sides.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  293.  *S.  stellata,  Torr.  &  (iray, 
FL  i.  228.  S.  angustifolia,  var..  Gray,  PI.  Wright.  1.  c. ;  Wats.  1.  c.  Sida  steUata,  Torr.  Ann. 
Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  171.  —  Texas  to  Arizona  and  S.  Colorado ;  i  first  coll.  by  James.  (Adj.  Mex.) 
++   ++  Leaves  of  oblong  or  roundish  outline,  often  cordate,  mostly  3-5-lobed,  sometimes 

more  dissected:   cusps  of  the  carpels  directed  more  or  less  outwardly. 

=  Leaves  thickish,  rugose  and  undulate :  carpels  not  at  all  rugose-reticulated. 
S.  Emoryi,  Torr.  A  foot  or  two  high,  stout,  suffrutescent,  branching,  leafy  to  top,  and 
with  mostly  axillary  subsessile  flowers :  pubescence  furfuraceous-tomentose,  canescent  and 
turning  ferruginous:  leaves  from  roundish-subcordate  and  obtusely  3-lobed  to  subhastate- 
oblong  (inch  or  two  long),  rugose  and  plicate-veiny  above  with  undulate-crisped  margins: 
calyx  mostly  half  inch  long :  petals  brick-red,  tiiree  fourths  inch  long :  fruit  about  hemi- 
spherical, tomentose  outside ;  mature  carpels  fully  3  lines  long,  ovate-reniform,  of  rather  firm 
texture  throughout,  smooth  on  the  sides  quite  to  base,  at  least  not  at  all  reticulated,  apex  a 
bipartite  cusp. —Torr.  in  Gray,  PL  Fendl.  23,  &  PI.  Wright,  i.  21,  only  partly  of  others.— 
Arizona,  Valley  of  the  Gila,  Emonj,  Parry.  (Adj.  Chihuahua,  Mex.,  Gregg,  Thnrher.) 
=  =  Leaves  thinner,  not  rugose :  mature  carpels  more  or  less  rugose-reticulated  on  the 

sides  of  the  lower  portion ;  fruit  more  elevated  :  species  perhaps  confluent. 
S.  Fendleri,  Gray.  From  green  and  minutely  stellular-pubescent  or  glabrate  to  cinereous- 
puberulent  or  subcauescent :  stems  2  to  5  feet  high,  leafy  nearly  to  the  thyrsoid-paniculate 
inflorescence :  leaves  ovate-oblong  or  subhastate,  or  lower  roundish  and  subcordate,  nearly 
all  incised  or  lobed,  some  deeply  3-cleft  and  tlie  lobes  incised  :  petals  rose-red,  not  over  half 
inch  long :  calyx  2  or  barely  3  lines  long,  shorter  than  the  maturo  ovoid  and  truncate  fruit : 
mature  carpels  2  lines  long,  ovate  and  slightly  excised,  distinctly  cuspidate,  the  short  lower 
portion  ratlier  strongly  rugose-reticulated.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  21,  ii.  21.  6\  viiniata,  Gray,  PI. 
Fendl.  19,  &  Gen.  111.  ii.  70,  t.  127,  excl.  syn.  S.  inrann  ?  var.  ohlongifolin,  Gray,  PI.  Wright. 
ii.  21.  S.  incana,  var.  Fendleri,  Wats.  Cat.  PI.  Wheeler  Pep.  7.  — Mountains  of  W.  Texas 
to  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  apparently  reaching  to  the  Rio  Grande ;  first  coll.  by  Fendler. 
S.  incana,  Torr.  A  foot  or  two  high,  diffusely  branched,  velvety-canescent  with  fine  and 
very  close  pubescence :  leaves  (half  inch  to  inch  or  more  long)  cordate  or  subcordate  and 
obtusely  3-lobed,  rarely  hastate-  or  lanceolate-oblong,  usually  3-lobed  or  -cleft,  tlie  lobes  from 
obscurely  crenulate  to  obtusely  incised :  inflorescence  sometimes  axillary -clustered,  commonly 

1  Also  eastward  to  HamiUon  Co.,  Kansas,  Hitchcock. 


Spharalcea.  MALVACEAE.  .'JIT 

more  naked  and  racemose-paniculate  :  flowers  of  the  precpdinjj  or  often  with  longer  calvx 
surpassiiiji  tlie  i^loliose-ovoid  fruit  of  fewer  larjjels,  ihi-ir  riispH  MiiiietinieH  olniolfUi.  — To'rr 
in  (;ray,  I'i.  Fcmll.  2:1, &  I'l.  Wright,  i.  21.  — Plains  of  New  Me.xiio  and  Arizona.  (Adi 
Chihuahua,  .Mcx„   Wislizvnus.) 

Var.  dissecta,  (iiiAV.     A  form  witii  small  leaves  deeply  .'J-.'iileft  or  piirU'd  into  olio- 
vate  or  narrowly  spatulate  usually  2-3-lobed  divi.sionw:  piissinj,'  fre<-Iy  int<i  the  ordinary  fonn. 

—  PI.  Wripiit.  i.  21.  S.Fendl'ri,  var.  disserttt,  Wat.s«ju,  Uihl.  Index,  14.1,  partly.'— New 
Mexico  and  Arizona,   Wriyht,  Thurlier,  &c. 

S.  "Wrightii,  Gkav.  A  foot  or  two  hij^h,  siihcaneseently  Umientose  with  1o<>s<t  stellular 
pul)eseenee  :  stems  .simple,  herl)aieou8,  raeeino.sely  several-flciwered  at  naked  summit  :  leartfH 
long-petioled,  roundish-cordate  (ahout  inch  long),  thiniiish,  some  lower  onett  cn-natelv  in- 
ciseil,  others  3-.5-lohed,  or  nearly  jiarted  and  the  cuneate  divisions  2-.'MoIh<I  :  |H-t4iU  ai>- 
parently  purple  and  small:  calyx-lolies  harely  ecpialling  the  henii.-ipherii  al  fruit  of  12  to  15 
carjjcls ;  these  minutely  puherulent  on  tiie  hack,  ovate-sulireiiifomi,  2  or  :\  lines  long,  mu- 
cronate-tipped,  the  short  h)wer  portion  delicately  hut  conspicmmsly  retiiiilaterj  on  tli<-  sidi-s. 

—  PI.  Wright,  ii.  21.  —  On  a  mountain  near  Lake  Santa  Maria,  Chihuahua,  a  little  U-low 
the  U.  S.  and  Mexican  boundary,   Wriijht. 

S.  Rusbyi,  Gray.  Stems  a  foot  high  from  a  lignescent  ha.«ie,  shn<ler,  snn>oth  and  glahnms 
or  nearly  .>;o,  spicately  or  racemosely  few-several  flowered  at  the  naked  summit :  leaves  green, 
sliglitly  pubescent  (less  than  inch  in  diameter),  roundish  in  outline,  all  pfdatelv  parted  and 
divisions  3-5-cleft  into  narrow  short  lobes:  petals  red,  quarter  <ir  third  inch  long:  calvx 
loosely  and  canescently  pubescent;  the  lobes  ovate,  barely  ecpialling  the  hemispherical  fruit; 
this  nearly  of  preceding  or  shorter,  and  the  carpels  with  obscure  mucronation  ami  sides  at 
base  obsoletely  rugulose. — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  293.  —  Near  Prescott,  Arizona,  Rusby, 
no.  537. 

S.  Cedrosensis,  Kellogg,  the  fruit  of  which  is  unknown,  from  Cedms  Island  off  I^iwer 
California,  is  probably  S.  Emori/i,  or  possibly  S.  ambitjua. 

-t—  -1—  Carpels  hirsute  or  hispid  with  long  bristly  hairs  :  leaves  comparatively  large,  3-7-<-left 
as  in  maple ;  cauliue  with  ovate-acute  and  serrate  lobes:  tall  herl)S,  green,  but  more  or 
less  pubescent. 

S.  acerifolia,  Nltt.  From  stellately  pubescent  to  glabrate  :  stems  2  to  G  feet  high  :  leaves 
2  to  6  inches  long  and  wide :  flowers  clustered  in  upper  axils  and  interruptedly  spicate  at 
summit :  pedicels  usually  shorter  than  calyx,  and  the  ovate  lobes  of  this  shorter  than  orlitllo 
surpassing  the  mature  fruit :  petals  rose-color  varying  to  white,  half  inch  to  nearly  inch 
long:  carpels  obovate-oblong,  thinnish,  with  smooth  sides,  2-3-seeded.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  228  ;  i  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  .5404  ;  Wats.  Bot  King  Kxp.  48.  S.  rimlaris.  Torr. 
in  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  23,  &  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  2.55.  Malm  rinilnris,  Dougl.  in  II.K.k.  Fl. 
Bor.-Am.  i.  107  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  22(5.  —  Along  streams,  R<H'ky  Mountains,  from  Dakota 
to  Colorado,^  N.  Nevada,  Washington,  and  Brit.  Columbia  ;  first  coll.  by  Ituinjlun  also  near 
Altorf,  Kankakee  Co.,  Illinois,  E.  J.  Hill. 

S.  longisepala,  Torr.  More  slender:  stems  and  stalks  hirsute  with  long  and  spreailing 
scattered  hairs  :  flowers  sparse:  peduncles  or  pedicels  long  and  slender:  calyx-lolies  caudate- 
acuminate,  .sometimes  inch  long,  eciualling  the  rose-colored  petals:  fruit,  &c.,  nearly  of  the 

1  Torr.  &  Gray  cite  as  syn.  "  ^falva  (S/)/i(eroma)  areri/olin,  Nutt.!  mss.,"  hut  Nuttall'*  Murnsl 
label  bearing  this  name  accompanies,  at  least  in  herb.  Gray,  a  hirsufe-pul>esct'nt  smooth  tnrjHllid  .Vu/- 
vniiti-um,  apparently  a  close  ally  of  the  S.  .African  }f.  mli/rluum.  It  is  evident  thai  ther*-  ha»  In'on 
some  confusion  in  labelling,  probably  in  herb.  Punind.  whence  the  sp«'cimen  comes.  This  should 
not,  however,  in  any  way  invalidate  Sjiharolcea  ncerifolia.  readily  recognizable  from  its  excollrnt 
characterization. 

2  Among  the  Colorado  specimens  of  this  species.  Miss  Alice  Eastwood  mils  altenlinn  {7.M,  iv.  6) 
to  two  forms,  one  large-lenved  and  with  few  chiefly  axillary  flowers,  the  otlu-r  smaller-leaved  and  with 
more  showy  terminal  nearly  naked  spikes.  In  a  similar  way  Prof.  Macoun  (Cat.  Canad.  I'l.  ii.  314) 
distinguishes  in  S.  Brit,  (^lumbia  a  coarse  plant  witli  sharp-lobed  leaves  from  a  more  nlrnder  form 
with  obfuser  lobes.  In  a  considerable  series  of  specimens,  thei*e  and  various  other  variations  ap|>rar  to 
be  indiscriminate. 


318  MALVACE^.  Modlola. 

preceding.  —  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  255.1  —  Wasliiugton,  on  the  upper  Columbia  River,  Pk/c- 
erinq  &  Bruckenridije,  Tweedy,  Brande<]ee. 

9.  MODIOLA,  Moeuch,  (The  fruit  of  the  form  of  a  modiolus,  which  is 
either  a  small  measure  or  the  nave  of  a  wheel.)  —  Low  and  diffuse  chiefly  sub- 
perennial  herbs,  of  the  warmer  parts  of  America,  hirsute  with  simple  or  geminate 
hairs  ;  with  rounded  palmately  lobed  and  incised  green  leaves,  small  flowers  soli- 
tary on  axillary  peduncles,  a  persistent  involucel  of  3  foliaceous  bractlets,  small 
dull-red  petals,  a  depressed- fruit  of  15  to  30  thin-coriaceous  carpels  ;  these  reni- 
form,  much  compressed,  the  back  at  summit  bearing  a  bipartible  cusp,  at  length 
falling  free  from  the  axis,  and  tardily  2-valved  from  the  top.  —  Meth.  619  ;  St. 
Hil.  Fl.  Bras.  Merid.  i.  210,  t.  43  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  71,  t.  128.  —  Several  forms, 
probably  all  of  one  species. 

M.  milltifida,  Miench,  1.  c.  620.  Stems  a  .'span  to  a  foot  or  two  long  :  peduncles  commonly 
filiform  and  ecmalling  or  surpassing  the  petiole  :  petals  2  or  3  lines  long,  little  surpassing 
the  calyx  :  carpels  hirsute,  at  least  when  young.  — Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  229.  M.  Caroliuiamt, 
Don,  Syst.  i.  466  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  72,  t'  128.  Malva  Caroliniana,  L.  Spec.  ii.  688  (Dill. 
Elth.  i.  5,  t.  4)  ;  Cav.  Di.ss.  ii.  t.  15,  f.  1  ;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  44;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  435.  —  Waste 
grounds,  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Texas,  near  the  coast,  and  sometimes  a  ballast-weed  farther 
north  ;'^  fl.  all  summer.     (Mex.  to  Buenos  Ayres,  &c.) 

10.  H0RSF6RDIA,  Gray.  {Frederick  Hinsdale  Horsford,  of  Vermont, 
associate  of  C.  G.  Pringle  in  the  collection  of  rare  N.  American  plants.)  — 
Densely  and  somewhat  roughly  stellular-tomentose  shrubby  or  suffruticose  plants, 
with  much  the  habit  of  Abutilon  or  Sphceralcea,  with  carpels  rather  of  the  latter 
but  seed  of  the  former  ;  the  leaves  cordate  to  lanceolate  and  barely  denticulate, 
thickish  ;  the  chiefly  axillary  peduncles  1-flowered.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  296. 
—  Two  species.^ 

H.  alata,  Gray,  1.  c.  297.  Frutescent,  3  to  6  feet  high  :  leaves  subcordate  and  ovate-lanceo- 
late (1  to  3  inches  long)  :  petals  purple,  half  inch  long,  much  surpassing  the  ovate-acuminate 
calyx-lobes:  carpels  10  or  12,  with  upper  pair  of  ovules  abortive  ;  upper  empty  portion  de- 
hiscent long  before  maturity  into  a  pair  of  narrowly  oblong  obtuse  erect  scarious  wings  of 
thrice  the  length  of  the  basal  seminiferous  body.  —  Sidn  alata,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx. 
356.  —  Along  water-courses  in  mountains  of  N.  W.  Sonora,  below  the  boundary  of  Arizona, 
Pringle.     (Therefore  Mex.) 

H.  Newberryi,  Gray,  I.e.  More  sliru])by :  lower  leaves  more  cordate:  petals  bright 
yellow  (according  to  Orcutt's  note),  ([uarter  inch  long,  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  acutish 
calyx-lobes :  carpels  8  or  9,  2-3-seeded  ;  the  scarious  upper  2-valved  portion  obliquely  and 
broadly  oval,  somewhat  divergent,  hardly  twice  the  length  of  the  reticulated  basal  body. — 
Abutilon  Neivberryi,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  125  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  87,  exd. 
syn.  Sphceralcea  crotonoides,  Torr.  in  herb.  —  Arizona,  in  the  bed  of  the  Gila,  &c.,  Eiiiori/, 
Newberry,  Parry ;  adjacent  Californian  desert,  Parish ;  caiions  on  borders  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, Palmer,  Orcutt.     (Adj.  Sonora,  Mex.,  Pringle.) 

11.  ANODA,  Cav.  (Ceylonese  name  of  an  Abutilon,  recorded  by  Bur- 
mann,  taken  up  for  this  American  genus  by  Cavanilles.)  —  Annuals,  chiefly 
Mexican,  with  variable  hastate  or  deltoid  or  cordate  leaves  (sometimes  3-5-cleft) 
and  single  flowers  on  slender  axillary  or  at  summit  racemose  peduncles.  —  Diss. 

1  Cited  in  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  294,  by  clerical  error,  as  S.  leptosepnln. 

2  Also  occasional  in  California,  as  at  Auburn,  coll.  .\frs.  Ames,  and  about  Los  Angeles,  Miss  Merritt, 
ace.  to  Dr.  Davidson. 

3  Two  more  species  of  X.  W.  Mexico  and  Lower  Calif,  have  since  been  added. 


Anoda.  MALVACK-K.  319 

i.  38,  t.  10,  11,  &  Ic.  V.  t.  431  ;  S.lilecht.  LiniuL-a,  xi.  20'>  ;  Oruy.  (u-n.  III.  ii.  G.J, 
t.  124,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  21»7.'     [K.vi>e(l  by  H.  L.  Roiun>on.J 

§  1.  EvANODA,  Gray.  Seed  horizunUil  ( niimitrly  papillose  and  pulx-rulciit), 
destitute  of  accessory  coating  or  in  one  species  with  a  very  thin  and  fra;;ile  vein- 
less  pellicle  ;  capsule  much  depressed  an<l  radiatiforni,  of  I)  U»  20  dorsally  iK-ak*-*! 
or  cuspidate  (rarely  pointless)  carpels,  the  flat  summit  hirsut<*  or  hispicl  :  ••alyx- 
lobes  triangular  or  subovate,  acute  or  acuminate  :  leaves  v«-ry  diverse  in  hauM! 
species.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  1.  c. 

*  Corolla  violet  or  jmrplo  varying  to  white  :  calyx  widely  nproailiiiK  under  and  mostly  Bur- 
passing  the  hispid  fruit :  herhage  destitute  or  nearly  soof  stellular  |iul>ewenre  Imt  variaMy 
hirsute-hispid  or  his])idulous  with  usually  sinij)le  hristly  iiairs,  or  else  glabnitc :  nhudcr 
peduncles  uearly  all  subtended  by  leaves. 

A.*  lavaterioides,  Mkdic.  Lowest  leaves  cordati'  and  usually  angnlate ;  uiijkt  dt-ltoij 
or  hastate  ur  suliiiilohate,  the  margins  either  irregularly  dentate  <irentire  :  |M-lals(iirnni<»iily 
cuneiform  and  retuse,  from  a  tliird  to  nearly  an  inch  long:  carpels  15  to  20,  rather  crjii«piiu- 
ously  beaked,  the  dorso-basal  pijrtinn  wholly  thin-scarious  an<l  veinless  and  with  slender  mid- 
nerve,  tlie  sides  or  partitions  wholly  ol)literated  in  the  breaking  up  of  the  fruit ;  wed  naki^l, 
puberuleut.  —  Mah.  1<);  Huok.  f.  &  Jackson,  Index  Kew.  i.  \:VJ.  A.  nistulu,  .Sclih><ht.  Lin- 
na;a,  xi.  210;  Garcke  in  Hegel,  Gartcnfl.  xxxvi.  428.  &  in  Kngl  .lahrli.  xxi..1H7.  A.tnl<J>a 
&  .1.  Dll/etiiaiia,  Cav.  Diss.  i.  39, 40,  t.  10,  f.  3,  &  t.  11,  f.  1.  .1.  Iia.tlala,  V.ray,  (Jen.  III.  ii.  1. 124, 
PI.  Wright,  i.  20,  ii.  23,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  298,  not  Cav.  (Almtllon,  luvatrnr  Jlorr, 
fructu  cristato,  Dill.  Elth.  i.  3,  t.  2.)  Sida  cn'stitUi,  L.  Spec.  ii.  68.5,  exd.  var.  0  ;  Curtis,  Hot. 
Mag.  t.  330;  Andr.  Bot.  Rop.  t.  588.  —  S.  Texas  to  Arizona.  (Mex.,  S.  Am.,  &4-.)  I^-a\tit 
exceedingly  variable  even  uiurn  the  same  individual.  Our  form  usually  has  the  up|»er  leaver 
elongated  and  conspicuou.sly  hastate. 

A.*  triangtllaris,  DC  Hispid-pubescent  upon  the  younger  parts,  btit  at  length  glabrite 
below,  8  iuclies  to  2  feet  high:  stem  (often  purplish-tinged)  suberect,  in  well  devel..|KMl 
specimens  with  several  ascending  branches  from  near  the  ba.se:  leaves  typically  <lelt«»id- 
ovate,  acute,  more  or  less  deeply  and  irregularly  (renate-dentate.  ratlu-r  jiale  gn-en.  ghuice*- 
cent  beneath;  the  uppermost,  rarely  all,  deltoid-lanccohite,  more  or  les.s  lixstate :  flowers 
much  smaller  than  in  the  preceding  species:  petals  only  3  or  4  lines  long,  ]>ale  blue,  litilo 
exceeding  the  calyx :  carpels  8  to  12;  membranaceous  .septa  of  the  capsule  either  sub|R'r- 
sistent  at  its  base  or  (with  the  carpellary  lining)  loosely  clinging  to  the  seed.  —  PnHlr.  i. 
459;  Schlecht.  1.  c.  216;  Garcke,  11.  cc.  -1.  hrachi/nntha,  Reichenb.  Ic.  Bot.  Exot.  t.  .14.  .1. 
hastata,  var.  depnuperata,  Gray,  PI.  Wrigiit.  ii.  23.  .1.  Arizonica,  Gray.  Pnic.  Am.  Aca<l. 
xxii.  298  (form  with  seeds  more  or  less  invested).  Siila  trianrjiJaris,  Willd.  Knnm.  725.— 
Texas  to  Arizona.  (Mex.,  where  ace.  to  Ilartman  n.'<ed  .as  a  febrifuge;  Lower  C^ilif., 
S.  Am.)  In  identifying  this  and  related  species  kindly  a.ssisUnce  h:w  l»een  rec-eivcd  fn>ra 
Professor  Garcke. 

Var.  *  digitata,    Robinson,  n.  comb.     All  but  the  lowest  leaves  hastatcly  digitate, 
with  elongated  lanceolate  to  linear  middle  lobe  an.l  a  pair  of  b.xsi-later.il  lobes  on  o.ich  side. 
—  A.  Arizonica,  var.  digitata,  Gray,  I.  c.  —  S.  Arizona,  Lemmon,  no.  517,  coll.  of  1881. 
A.*  hastAta,  Cav.  (.1.  areri folia,  DC.  I.e.;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  298,  not  299) 

much  resembles  A.  InvalrrioidrsAmt  lias  the  upper  part  of  fruiting  carjx-ls  coarj«ly  reticulated 

at  length  bilamellar  and  clathr.ate.  nearlv  in  the  manner  of  the  following.     It  m.ny  ]>c  exi.o<-to<l 

on  our  southern  border.     The  yellow-fl<.wered  j.lant,  .a.«crilK«d  to  .1.  I.ost.iia  by  Kobm^on  & 

Greenman,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxix.  382,  is  probably  a  di.stinct  species. 

#  *  Corolla  yellow  :  calyx  shorter-lobed,  less  explan:»te  under  the  densely  s«rllntchin.ut«» 
fruit,  which  it  moderately  or  hardly  surpa.sses.     (Here  also  A.  l,u,n,J,iia.  H-.k   A  Arn  ) 

A  Wrightii  Grav.  Erect.  2  to  5  feet  high,  visciduhnis-puberulent  and  nl^ve  more  or 
'less  villous-iii'rsute :    lower  leaves  deltoi.i-ovato   and   upjH-r   b.astatelanccolalc  :    pfKluoclc* 

>  Ad.I  r.   <;.  Il.ik.r,  .I.'ur    M't.  xxx.  7-1. 


320  MALVACEAE.  Anoda. 

about  equalling  or  exceeding  the  subtending  leaves,  or  upper  ones  in  a  naked  raceme  and 
subtended  by  linear  or  tiliforni  deciduous  bracts :  calyx  canesceutly  pubescent :  petals  dull 
yellow,  a  third  to  half  inch  long,  changing  to  brown-purple  at  base  :  carpels  10  to  12,  beaked ; 
dorsal  portion  bihunellar  at  maturity ;  the  tardily  separable  endocarpial  layer  of  firm  tex- 
ture, dathrate-retlculate,  loosely  lialf  enveloping  the  minutely  or  sparsely  puberulent  seed. 

—  PI.  Wright,  ii.  22,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  299.  ^1.  parvijiora,  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  132, 
&  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  330,  not  Cav.  —  New  Mexico,  Wright.  Has  been  cultivated  in 
botanic  gardens  as  A.  parvijiora.     (Mex.,  Scltaffner.) 

§  2.  SiDANODA.  Seed  resupinate-pemlulous  in  the  5  to  9  depressed  or  as- 
cending dorsally  umbonate  or  muticous  merely  puberulent  carpels,  destitute 
of  accessory  coating :  flowers  small,  disposed  to  be  racemose  or  paniculate : 
pubescence  mostly  fine  and  stellular ;  no  bristly  hairs.  —  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 
xxii.  299. 

*  Corolla  from  blue  to  bluish  white  :  calyx  deeply  5-cleft,  rotately  spreading  under  and 
surpassing  the  depressed  fruit.     (Connecting  the  preceding  with  the  present  section.) 

A.*  Thurberi,  Gkay,  1.  c.  Slender,  a  foot  or  two  high,  green  and  barely  puberulent  or 
glabrate  below  and  calyx  puberulent-canescent :  lower  leaves  cordate  and  dentate,  upper 
hastate,  but  with  spreading  not  strongly  deflexed  basal  lobes :  flowers  mostly  paniculate- 
racemose  :  petals  only  2  or  3  lines  long  :  carpels  8  or  9,  the  whole  dorsal  and  thickish  apical 
portion  strongly  3-nen'ed ;  seed  puberulent.  —  ^.  hastata,  var.?  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  23  (iu 
part),&  PI.  Thurb.  308.  —  S.  Arizona,  Thurher,  Wricjht,  Lemmon  ;  Chenate  Region,  Texas, 
Nealley.  (Chihuahua,  Pringle,  distrib.  as  A.  parvijiora,  var.  ?)  Prof.  Garcke  (in  Engl.  .Jahrb. 
xxi.  390)  fails  to  distinguish  this  species  from  A.  pubescens,  Schlecht.,  a  Mexican  plant  iu 
whicli  the  basal  lobes  of  the  upper  deeply  hastate  leaves  are  strongly  reflexed,  and  the 
flowers  somewhat  larger.  No.  78  of  Parrij  &  Palmer,  from  San  Luis  Potosi,  corresponds 
closely  in  these  and  other  regards  to  Schlechtendahl's  description. 

*  *  CoroUa  yellow  (sometimes  pink  in  fading) :  calyx  shorter  and  less  deeply  cleft,  ascend- 
ing or  appressed  to  and  not  surpassing  the  little  depressed  fruit,  its  carpels  (and  closely 
embraced  seeds)  nearly  vertical,  the  inflexed  apical  portion  short. 

A.  pentaschista,  Gray.  Slender,  a  foot  or  two  high,  paniculately  branched,  minutely 
puberulent  and  more  or  less  cinereous  :  lower  leaves  ovate  or  subcordate,  somewhat  3-lobed  ; 
upper  hastate  or  lanceolate  or  some  linear  :  calyx  2  lines  long,  a  little  shorter  than  the 
bright  yellow  corolla  :  carpels  .5,  or  not  rarely  6  to  9  ;  the  dehiscent  dorsal  portion  closely 
applied  to  and  half  covering  the  puberulent  seed,  membranous  with  inflexed  apex  thickish. 

—  PI.  Wright,  ii.  22,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  299.  — S.  Arizona,  Wright,  to  we.steru  borders 
of  Texas,  Parr;/.  (]\Iex.,  Thurher,  Palmer ;  Lower  Calif.,  ace.  to  Brandegee.)  Havard's 
specimens  from  \'i<'ja  Mt.,  Texas,  are  greener  and  in  sepals  pass  to 

Var.*  obtusior,  Robinson,  n.  var.  Foliage,  pubescence,  and  inflorescence  of  the  type : 
base  more  decumbent  and  branched,  distinctly  lignescent  and  perhaps  perennial :  calyx-lobes 
broadly  ovate,  very  obtuse,  mucronulate  :  carpels  5  to  10;  seeds  minutely  granulated. — 
Sida  Palmeri,  J.  G.  Smith,  Rep.  Mo.  Bot.  Card.  vi.  113,  t.  48,  not  Baker.  — Near  Corpus 
Christi,  Texas,  Nealley,  1894,  in  flower  and  fruit  (types  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.)  ;  also  a  frag- 
mentary fruiting  specimen  from  same  locality  long  ago  coll.  by  Torrey  (herb.  Gray). 
A.  abutiloides,  Gray.  Somewhat  robust,  branching,  3  or  4  feet  high,  canescent  (branches 
occasionally  bearing  some  loose  pubescence) :  leaves  cordate  and  crenately  serrate,  caudate- 
acuminate  or  uppermost  subcordate-lanceolate,  all  densely  velvety-tomentose  both  sides: 
flowers  all  paniculate-racemose:  calyx  2  or  3  lines  long,  half  the  length  of  the  obovate 
(yellow  becoming  pinkish)  petals;  the  lobes  broadly  ovate  and  apiculate :  carpels  5  to  7, 
when  mature  2  lines  high  and  less  deep,  obscurely  umbonate,  septicidally  separating  almost 
entire,  the  diaphanous  inner  walls  tardily  breaking  up  and  uncovering  the  enclo.sed  puberu- 
lent seed ;  dorsal  portion  broad  and  cymbiform,  thin-membranaceous,  with  short  summit 
thickish,  disposed  to  split  down  the  back  into  two  valves.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  300  — 
Santa  Catalina  Mountains,  S.  Arizona,  Pringle  (distr.  in  1882  as  A.  pentaschista,  and  as  Sida 
Berlandieri,  var.). 


Sula.  MALVACI-Li:.  .'J'J  1 

§  3.  Cleistanoda,  Gray,  1.  c  Seed  (glabrous)  coinpleUly  ami  perniaiiently 
invested  by  a  linn  corrugate-reticulated  or  iii  age  clalhrate  (doubtlihh  «n<iocar- 
pial)  arilliform  coat:  otherwise  !is  in  §  2. 

A.*  crenatiflora,  Om.  Minutely  pulKTuleiit  or  frhibratf,  the  lalyx  ram-menl :  li.wcr 
leaves  cordate  and  annulate  or  soniewlnit  lolied,  u|i|Mr  iuohiIv  hiiAtiite  :  u|i|mt  HoMcr*  uaLe<l- 
racemose  :  petals  yellow  (or  changing  to  jiur|ilish  when  drying)  :  (-ur|MlH  'J  or  l(),  Hliort-U-ukcU 
ur  pointed,  hirsute  at  the  radiate  summit,  the  permanent  dorsal  imrtion  i>{  firm  texturo  or 
below  reduced  to  a  stout  and  rigid  midnerxe.  —  Dec.  viii.  yo  ;  Schlo»  ht.  l.innHa,  xi.  217. 
A.  purvijhra,  Cav.  Ic.  v.  19,  t.  VM  ;  DC.  I'rodr.  i.  459;  Ueichenh.  Ic.  Itot.  Kxot.  t.  44; 
Gray,  1.  c.  Sida  parvijiora,  Willd.  Euum.  72C.  —  So  near  our  S.  W.  Iniundary  (I'rimjU, 
&c.)  that  it  is  to  be  expected  in  Arizona. ,  (Me.v. ;   Lower  Calif.,  lirandrrjrt.) 

A.  retictllata,  Wat.son.  Herbage  of  jirccciling  ;  liut  nearly  all  the  leaves  cordate  angiijato 
and  ii]i]icr  ."{-o-lolied,  small  :  flowers  mainlv  nai^fd-racemose  :  jictals  l)lue,  2  or  '.i  linen  long: 
fruit  not  radiate,  liardly  puberulent,  of  10  oval  car|»els  with  rounded  summit  and  not  exen 
unibouate  ou  the  back,  tiie  permanent  dor.«al  jwrtion  ihin-membranaceous,  delicately  l-nerxed 
below  and  veiuy  above,  merely  concave,  at  lengtii  nudating  tlie  arillate  i«eed.  —  l*roc.  Am. 
Acad.  xvii.  368;  Gray,  1.  c  —  S.  Arizona,  in  tlie  Santa  Catalina  Mountains,  I'rinijU,  1881. 

12.  SIDA,  L.  (2i8r;,  unexplained  Greek  name  of  some  plant) — n«-rl>s 
or  sometimes  under.shrubs  (most  largely  American  and  of  warm  regions).  f»f 
various  habit :  pedicels  mostly  articulated;  fl.  summer  and  autumn,  nio.stly  open 
only  in  sunshine  or  for  a  few  hours.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  ."».'>C. ;  ."^i. 
Hil.  Fl.  Bras.  Merid.  i.  173;  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  22,  &  Gen.  III.  ii.  (U,  t.  12.1; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  203.i 

§  1.  Pseudo-Ma  LVASTUUM,  Gray.  Usually  2  or  3  slender  and  deciduous 
bractlets  under  the  more  or  less  5-angled  calyx  :  flowers  solitary  or  somewhat 
clustered  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves  :  peduncles  commonly  recurved  or  deflexed  in 
fruit:  low  or  depressed  perennials,  cane.scent  with  stellular  and  .sometimes  lepi<l<»te 
pubescence,  except  in  the  fruit  very  like  species  of  Mulvastrum  and  SjifKiralren. 
—  PI.  Fendl.  23. 

S.  hederacea,  Torr.  Rather  scurfy -cane.scent :  ."items  decumbent:  leaves  ohiitjuely  sub- 
rcniforni  or  ovate-subcordate,  irregularly  dentate  (half  inch  to  2  inches  wide) :  calyx-loJK^ 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  short-acuminate  :  petals  pale  yellow  or  white  or  sometimes 
"  purple,"  barely  half  inch  long,  moderately  surpa-^sing  tiie  shortn-onical  fruit  of  6  to  10 
turgid-ovate  or  triangular  acutish  tomentulose  but  glabrate  carpels.  —  Torr.  in  (J ray,  I'l. 
Fendl.  23,  PI.  Wright,  i.  18,  &  ii.  21  ;  Wats.  Hot.  King  Kxp.  48;  Brew.  &  Wat.-^.  Bot.  Calif, 
i.  86.  S.obliqua,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  233,  681.  .l/./Zm  Culi/onura,  I>n>sl,  Hel. 
Haenk.  ii.  121.  M.  hedcrarea,l)ouir\.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  107:  Torr.  &  (irav.  Fl.  i. 
227.  M.  p/icata,  Nutt.  1.  c.  227.  —  Low  banks,  Washington  to  S.  California,  Itah,  Ari/.ona, 
and  W.  Texas.     (Mex.-) 

S.  lepidota,  Gray.  Throughout  scurfy-lepidote,  silvery  when  young:  leaves  oliliijuely 
dtltuid  snbcordate  or  triangular-lanceolate  and  commonly  semicordate  or  seniihaslate,  irn'gu- 
larlv  or  inci.-*ely  dentate,  mostly  acute,  quarter  to  inch  ami  a  half  long,  slcnderpotioliHl : 
lower  peduncles  u.sually  elongated  and  in  fruit  deflexeil  witli  ajiex  incurved  :  jM'tal.s  half  inch 
or  more  long,  purple  or  white  witli  purple  tinge:  c.ilyx  almost  5-parted,  somewliai  ampliate 

1  Add  E.  G.  Baker,  Jour.  Bot.  xxx.  ms. 

2  Also  Lower  CaVif.,f'le  Brandegec,and  Chili, /</»•  E.  G.  Baker  (.lour.  Bot.  xxx.  i:i8V  who  rvemrdi 
the  S.  American  S.  mlphurta,  Gray,  as  a  variety  of  S.  hederacen.  N.  htdtrncra.  vnr.  ?  i>nrr,f\Jin, 
Heinsl.  Biol.  Cent.-Am.  Bot.  i.  104!  never  properly  described,  but  vaguely  credited  to  X,'w  Mrxico,  ia 
(as  to  the  ^fexiean  types  cited)  not  of  this  species,  being  in  pubescence  much  nc«n-r  S.  Upuiotti,  of 
which  it  is  probably  onlv  a  depauperate  round-leaved  form. 

21 


322  MALVACEAE.  Skla. 

and  angulate  in  age ;  lobes  becoming  much  acuminate  from  broad  base,  much  surpassing 
the  dei)i-es.sed  glabrous  and  smootli  fruit  of  8  or  9  rounded  and  pointless  thin-walled  carpels. 
—  ri.  Wright,  i.  18,  ii.  21;  Uothrock  in  Wheeler,  Kep.  vi.  75.  —  Plains  of  W.  Texas  to 
Arizona,  Wriijht,  and  later  Rutltruck,  Letninon,  &c.  With  var.  dcpauperata,  merely  a  reduced 
form,  and 

Var.  sagittsefolia,  (iu.w,  11.  cc.  Leaves  all  hastate-  or  sagittate-lanceolate  or  the 
base  on  (nic  side  hearing  2  or  3  narrow  lanceolate  lobes.  —  W.  Texas  to  S.  Colorado  and 
S.  Arizona  ;  first  coll.  by   Wn'rjht.     (Chihuahua,  Thurber.) 

S.  cuneifolia,  Gray.  Tomeutulose-canescent,  ascending,  much  branched:  leaves  flabelli- 
furin  or  cuneiform,  or  some  rotund  with  barely  cuneate  base,  repand-dentate  or  crenulate 
around  the  broad  summit,  half  inch  or  so  long  :  stipules  linear,  herbaceous :  flowers  subses- 
sile  :  petals  yellow,  barely  (juarter  inch  long :  calyx  not  surpassing  the  oval  fruit  of  about 
5  turgid  and  thin-walled  short-acuminate  (and  in  dehiscence  2-beaked)  carpels.  —  PI.  Lindh. 
pt.  2,  165,  &  PI.  Wright,  i.  18. —  Subsalinc  soil  along  and  near  the  Hio  Grande  from  Eagle 
Pass  soutiiward,  S.  Texas,  Berlandier,  Wriyht.     (Adj.  Mex.,  Berlandier.) 

S.*  Helleri,  Rose.  Suffrutescent,  much-branched,  spreading  or  procumbent,  cinereous, 
2  feet  iiigh  :  leaves  suborbicular,  crenate,  rounded  or  truncate  at  the  base,  seldom  exceeding 
iialf  inch  in  diameter,  loosely  stellate-pubescent  upon  both  surfaces ;  slender  petioles  half  or 
two  tiiirds  the  length  of  the  leaves:  subsessile  flowers  small,  leafy-bracted :  ovate-oblong 
obtusisli  sepals  l)ccoming  3  lines  in  length :  corolla  "  pale  copper-colored  "  :  carpels  obtuse.  — 
Rose  in  Heller,  Contrib.  Herb.  Frankl.  &  Marsh.  Coll.  i.  66.  —  Very  common  along  sandy 
shores  of  Corpus  Christi  Bay  at  Oso,  Heller,  no.  1533.  Similar  to  but  clearly  distinct  from 
the  last  preceding  species. 

§  2.  Pseudo-Nap^a,  Gray.  Calyx  (naked  at  base,  as  in  the  genus  gener- 
ally) short  and  5-toothed,  terete  at  base,  unchanged  in  age  :  petals  white  :  herb- 
age green  and  nearly  glabrous ;  the  leaves  ample  and  palmately  cleft :  flowers 
corymbulose  in  pedunculate  panicles.  —  PI.  Fendl.  23. 

S.  Napsea,  Cav.  Glabrous  or  young  parts  minutely  cinereous-puberulent :  stems  3  to  7  feet 
high  from  a  stout  perennial  root:  leaves  3  to  8  inches  long, 3-7-clef t ;  lobes  triangular, long- 
acuminate,  irregularly  serrate:  petals  hardly  half  inch  long:  mature  carpels  triangular- 
ovate,  acuminate,  nearly  glabrous.  —  Diss.  v.  277,  t.  132,  f.  1  ;  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  766;  Sims, 
Bot.  Mag.  t.  2193;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  466;  Gray,  1.  c.^  Nfipaa  hermaphrodita,  L.  Spec.  ii.  686. 
iV.  Uevis,  L.  Mant.  ii.  435  ;  Lam.  111.  t.  579,  f.  1.  — Glades  and  river  banks,  rare.  West  Vir- 
ginia and  S.  Pennsylvania  on  the  Susquehanna,  opposite  Safe  Harbor,  Porter  ;^  long  culti- 
vated in  gardens ;  fl.  late  summer. 

§  3.  Calyxhymenia,  Gray.  Calyx  5-lobed,  naked,  strongly  5-angled,  much 
accrescent  and  membranaceous  or  scarious  in  age  :  carpels  indehiscent,  subrostrate 
or  apiculate  but  muticous  :  petals  yellow.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  294. 

S.*  hastata,  St.  Hil.s  Loosely  stellular-hirsute,  green,  partly  glabrate :  stems  spreading 
or  decumbent  from  a  fleshy-ligneous  ])erennial  root,  a  foot  or  two  long:  leaves  rather  succu- 
lent, subcordate  to  oblong,  obtu.se,  inch  or  two  long,  slender-petioled,  crenate  or  serrate : 
peduncles  solitary  in  the  axils,  one-flowered,  soon  recurved  :  petals  buff-color,  hardly  exceed- 
ing the  5-parted  calyx :  lobes  of  the  latter  as  if  cordate,  in  anthesis  3  lines  long  and  pale 
green,  at  length  5  or  6  lines  long,  membranaceous  and  veiny,  together  connivent  and  form- 
ing a  vesicular  globular  and  wing-angled  loose  covering  over  the  fruit:  carpels  10,  ovate 
with  short  beak-like  apex,  very  thin-membranaceous  and  reticulate-veiny,  sulcate  round  the 
back,  conformed  to  the  turgid  seed.  — Fl.  Bras.  Merid.  i.  190,  t.  36,  f.  2.     S.  pinjsocahjx, 

1  Add  syn.  S.  hermaphrodita,  Rushy.  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  223. 

2  Also  in  E.  Tennessee,  ace.  to  Chapman,  and  on  the  Potomac  flats  near  Washington,  D.  C,  ace. 
to  Bursiess. 

8  There  appears  to  be  no  dnubf  of  the  identity  of  Dr.  Gray's  -S.  phyxocnhjx  witli  the  Sontli  Ameri- 
can plant  (cf.  E.  G.  Baker,  Jour.  Bot.  xxx.  140),  and  the  later  name  must  give  place  to  the  earlier. 


Slda.  MAIAACK.E.  ;J2:] 

Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  163.  PI.  Wriglit.  i.  20.  &  ii.  22.  —  River  vallevi,  Textw  to  S.  Ariioaa  ; 
the  earliest  collectors,  litiUntditr,  Lindheimn,  &c.     (Adj.  MfX.,'  Urttjij,  I'almer.) 

§  4,  Malvi'nua,  DC.  Calyx  naked,  geiurally  ri-aii<il<(l,  uinliuii;i;t-«l  in  n-^f  : 
leaves  undivided  :  carpels  mostly  dehiscent  at  apt-x. —  I'roilr.  i.  l.'j'J  ;  (Jruv.  1*1. 
Fendl.  23,  «&  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  2'J  1.  Mulvluthi,  Dill.  Kltli.  211',  (.  171,  172; 
Medic.  Malv.  23. 

4):   Flowers  sessile  or  short-peduncled,  mainly  involiunitt!  hy  |R-tiol;it<>  leavfit  at  tho  Numinit 

of  the  branches  :  petals  re<ldisli  purple :  low  peri-iuiial  with  haliit  soiiu-whitt  uf  StfflwuiHihtt. 

S.  ciliaris,  L.     Diffuse,  nuiiiy -.stfiniiicd.  a  foot  orles.s  lii>,'h.,'*trif;oK(»-pulM-(Mi-iii :  li-avi>)» ohloiiK 

or  narrower,  ol)tu.-<e  or  retuse  at  Initli  en<ls,  or  not  rarely  wiiii  tiiKp  ut  tip,  MTnit4<  aUive  th« 

middle,  3  to  "J  lines  lonj^,  loug-|)elioled  :  stipules  filiform-  or  spaiulatclini-ar,  conitpicuoUK.  nl 

least  the  up])ermost  and  the  ]ietioles  hirsute-ciliate  or  harlmte  :  pi-tain  ijuartcr  to  near  half 

inch  lonj^ :  carpels  5  to  8.  turgid,  very  strongly  rugose-reticulated  ami  ov«-r  tli<-  hark  not 

rarely  tuberculate  or  nniricate.  ilehiscent  a])ex   hicuspidate.  —  Syst.  Nat   ed.  10,  ii.  1I4.'»,  & 

Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  961    (Sloane's  figure  umliaracteristic)  ;  Cav.  Diss.  i.  21.  t.  .'J.  f.  'J  (|M«.r),  &. 

V.  t.  127,  f.  2  (excellent)  ;   DC.  Prodr.  i.  461  ;  Cliapm.  Fl.  55.      .S".  (inomulu,  .St.  Hil.  Fl.  Hras. 

Merid.  i.  177,  t.  33.     S.  ElliuUii,  Torr.  liot.  Mex.  Bound.  39,  as  to  pi.  Hiifflow.     S.  inrolu- 

aula,  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub.  162.— Key  West,  Florida,  lihxhplt,  /i„;,,l.     (W.  llid.  to  Rrazil.) 

Var.  fasciculata,  (iuAV.     Leaves  narrower  and  iir<i|)ortionally  longer,  mostly  linear. 

—  I'roc.  \ui.  Acad.  xxii.  294.  S.  fdsricnltttd, 'I'orT.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  231.  S.  tinomiila,  \nr. 
Mexiaina,  Moricand,  I'l.  Nouv.  Am.  36,  t.  24.  S.  iiniriratn,  Cuv.  Ic.  vi.  78.  t.  597.  f.  I, 
seems  to  be  a  form  of  this.     Malvustrnm  liuearifhliuw.  Huckl.  Proc.  Acad.  I'hilad.  Isfil.  449. 

—  Texas,  near  the  coast,  Berlandier,  Drummoud,  Wriijht,  &c.     (.Mex.) 

*  *   Flowers  solitary  or  clustered  in  the  axils,  or  at  length  sparingly  ]ianicnlate  or  glomer- 
ate at  the  summit  of  the  stem  in  a  few  sj)ecies,  more  or  le.ss  ])edunculate :  calyx  5-angle<l. 
the  summit  in  bud  pyramidal :  petals  mainly  yellow, 
•t—  Stems  diffusely  decuml)ent  or  prostrate  from  a  perennial  rcwt,  filiform,  sometimeu  villous 
with  .scattered  long  and  spreading  hairs,  or  destitute  of  them  in  the  siimc  sjtecies:  leaver 
small,  mostly  subcordate  at  ba.se,  on  filiform  petioles  of  about  eipial  length,  alniut  eipialled 
bv  the  filiform  axillary  peduncles:  herbage  minutely  canescent:  carpels  mostly  5,  little 
cfitiijiressed,  nigose-reticulated  on  the  thin  sides. 
S.  diftusa,  MRK.     Leaves  from  subcordate  and  roundish  to  lanceolate  with  almost  truncate 
base,  crenatedentate  :  petals  3  or  4  lines  long  (yellow,  in  specimens  seeming  white),  much 
surpassing  the  calyx:  carpels  barely  apiculate  or  the  dehiscent  apex  with  two  short  stout 
points.  —  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec  v.  257.  but  petals  not  "  violacea."  nor  caj»sule  "apico  depressa;  " 
Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  330.     S.jili/ormis,  Moricand,  PI.  Nouv.  Am.  38.  t   25  (narrow- 
leaved  form  without  hairs)  :   Rothrockin  Wheeler.  Rej).  vi.  75.     >'.  Jiliraidis.  Torr.  &  tJray. 
Fl.  i.  232;   Grav,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,   163.'-  —  Texas »   (first   cidl.  by   Brrlanditr)  to  Arizona. 
(Mex.) 
S.   SUpina,   L'Hkr.     Leaves  round-cordate  to  cordate-ovate  (largest  an  inch  long):  |>otals  2 
or  3  lines  long,  little  surpassing  the  calyx  :  carpels  2-rostrate  at  the  dehi.*cent  apex.  —  Stirp. 
Nov.  t.  52  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  54.     S.  piloaa,  &  S.  orntn,  Cav.  Diss.  i.  9,  t.  I.  f.  8,  &  vi.  t.   196,  f.  2. 
S.  procimbens,  Swartz.  Fl.  Tnd.  Occ.  ii.  1211.  —  Flori.la  Key.s.     ( W.  Ind..  S.  Am.) 
H^   H—  Stems  erect  :  leaves  rather  long-petioled,  crenate-denfate.  nearly  all  coniate  or  suit- 
cordate  :  calyx  ovate,  with  5  broaiily  .hdtoid  lobes:  carjuds  10  to  12,  their  a|K?x  before 
aiiical  dehiscence  2-mucronate  or  2awned. 
S.  COrdifolia,  L.     Annual  (in  tropics  suffrutescent).  densely  and  minutely  m.ft  tomontote 
and  velvety,  very  leafy:  stem  robust,  rather  tall  :  leaves  ovate-<oplate  (I  to  3  inches  long). 
sometimes  obscurely  angulate-lobed :  flowers  all  short-jtedunded,    glomerate  or  ilustored: 

1  Also  S.  Am.,  whence  first  doner,  by  St.  Hilnire. 

2  S.  fHfiifa,  var.  >eto>n,  K.  0.  Maker,  .Tour.  H..f.  xxx.  291.  beint:  ^^  fiHrnuli*,  v«r.  ulom.  Cmy, 
PI.  Wright,  ii.  22.  does  not  appear  to  differ  e^sontinlly  from  the  typical  T  r;-    '  "•'    ■''■■.• 

3  .\lsc>  on  the  keys  of  S.  Florida,  acc.lo  Chapman. 


324  MALVACEAE.  Sida. 

calyx  canescent-tomentose,  10-angled  below:  petals  quarter  inch  long,  tawiiy  yellow :  carpels 
sparselv  rugose,  their  awus  conununly  of  about  tlie  same  length  and  retrorsely  hirsute  (but 
rarely  obsolete).  —  Spec.  ii.  684  (Dill.  Elth.  t.  171)  ;  Cav.  Diss.  i.  t.  3,  f.  2.     6'.  mullijiora, 
herbacea,  micans,  rotundifolia,  &c.,  Cav.  1.  c.     5.  altkei/olia,  Swartz,  Prodr.  101.  —  Keys  of 
Florida.     (W.  Ind.  to  S.  Am.,  and  most  tropical  shores.) 
S.  tragieefolia,  Gray.     Perennial,  2  feet  high,  stellular-pubescent  or  puberulent :  leaves 
suliiortlate-dUlong,  obtuse  (half  inch  to  nearly  2  inciies  long),  coarsely  dentate,  upi)er  face 
irlal)rate  :  flowers  mostly  solitary  in  the  axils  and  slender-peduucled  :  calyx  membranaceous 
in  age  and  barely  pubescent,  with  somewhat  10-angled  base  :  petals  orange-yellow,  some- 
times half  inch  long :  carpels  with  thin  sides  rugose-reticulated  below,  smooth  towards  the 
obtuse  2-mucronate  apex  which  is  green  and  partly  bifid  dorsally.  — PI.  Liudh.  pt.  2,  104. — 
S.  Arizona,  Wright  (seeds,  plant  raised  iu  Bot.  Garden),  Primjle,  Lemmon,  an  ambiguous 
smaller-leaved  form,  more  cinereous  with  minute  pubescence.     (Coahuila,  Mex.,  Palmer.) 
^_  H^  ^—   Stems  erect,  branching  :  leaves  slender-petioled,  truncate-obtuse  or  retuse  at  base, 
from  ovate-oblong  to  linear ;  a  small  blunt  or  pointed  hard  tubercle  usually  underneath 
base  of  petiole,  but  sometimes  obsolete :  flowers  small,  nearly  all  sliort-j)e(Iuucled,  commonly 
clustered  iu  the  axils:  calyx-lobes  deltoid  :  carpels  b  or  rarely  mure,  reticulate-rugusc  and 
sometimes  tuberculate,  variably  2-deutate  or  2-awnedat  tip  :  annual,-;  becoming  suffruticose 
in  the  tropics. 
S.  spinosa,  L.     Green  and  minutely  puberulent,  or  upper  face  of  the  oblong-ovate  or  ob- 
long-lanceolate serrate  leaves  glabrous  and  lower  subcanescent :  petals  pale  yellow,  2  or  3 
lines  long.  —  Spec.  ii.  683;  Walt.  Car.  176;  Cav.  Diss.  i.  11,  t.  1,  f.  9  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
231  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  t.  123.  —  Waste  grounds  from  S.  New  York  to  Kansas  and  south- 
ward, probably  introduced  weed,  but   in  the  Gulf  States  and  Texas  perhaps  indigenous. 
(Most  tropics.) 
S.  angUStifolia,  Lam.     Canescent:  branches  virgate  :  leaves  linear  or  narrowly  lanceolate, 
or  some  of  the  lower  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  1  to  4  lines  wide,  crenately  serrulate ;  petiole 
shorter,  the  tubercle  under  it  often  obscure  or  wanting,  but  sometimes  manifest :  otlierwise 
very  like  the  preceding,  but  hardly  passing  into  it.  —  Diet.  i.  4;  Cav.  Diss.  i.  14,  t.  2,  f .  2 ; 
Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  19,  ii.  21.    8.  linearis,  Cav.  Ic.  iv.  6,  t.  312,  f.  1.    S.  Iieterocarpn,  Engelm. 
in  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  163.     S.  spinosa,  var.  anfjusti folia,  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  74.  —  Texas 
and  Arizona.     (Mex.  to  Trop.  Am.,  &c.) 
^—  H—  ^—  ^—  Stems  erect :  leaves  mainly  short-petioled  or  subsessile,  acute  or  obtuse  but 

never  cordate  at  base,  usually  quite  destitute  of  tubercle  under  the  petiole. 
++  Cuneate-obovate  or  oblong-ovate  to  lanceolate  leaves  green  or  at  most  cinereous-puberu- 
leut,  serrate  or  serrulate,  the  base  entire  :  stems  branching  and  leafy  to  the  top  :  carpels 
8  to  10  :  annuals  in  the  U.  S.,  suffruticose  perennials  in  the  tropics. 
S.  rhombifolia,  L.     Leaves  from  rhombic-oldong  or  ovate-cuneate  to  oblanceolate,  obtuse, 
jiale  and  ciiiereous-puberulent  beneath;  occasionally  an  obscure  tubercle  under  the  petiole; 
stipules  setaceous,  caducous  :  peduncles  all  or  some  of  them  elongated  :  calyx  minutely 
cinereous-puberulent,  the  base  at  maturity  with  ,5  to  10  nerves  callous-tliickened :  petals  pale 
yellow,  sometimes  red  at  base,  about  quarter  inch  long:  carpels  smoothish,  subulately  1- 
awned,  at  least  until  dehiscence  or  fission,  which  is  uncommon.  —  Spec.  ii.  684  (Molrinda 
unicornis,  &c..  Dill.  Elth.  216,  t.  172,  f.  212);  Cav.  Diss.  t.  3,  f.  12;  Gray,  Bot.  U.  S.  Expl. 
Exped.  158  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  74.  —  A  weed  in  waste  grounds,  N.  Carolina  to  Florida  and 
Texas;  probably  not  indigenous.     (Most  tropics.) 

Var.  Canariensis,  Gkiseb.  1.  c.  Carpels  with  two  short  awns  or  points  or  soon  de- 
hiscent into  two,  sometimes  almost  pointless.  —  S.  Canariensis,  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  735.  S. 
Ilundensis,  HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  261.  S.  Maderensls,  Lowe,  Trans.  Camb.  Phil.  Soc. 
iv.  35.  6'.  oculata,  Lowe,  Fl.  Mader.  592.  —  S.  Carolina,  Florida,  &c. ;  an  occasional  ballast- 
weed  as  far  north  as  Pennsylvania.  (Most  tropics.) 
S.*  acuta,  BuRM.i  Glabrous  or  minutely  puberulent,  much  branched  :  leaves  green,  rather 
narrowly  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  veiny,  unequally  serrate :   stipules  conspicuous, 

1  This  species  was  called  S.  car pini folia  by  Dr.  Gray,  but  tlip  name  of  Linnneus,  f..  has  now  gen- 
erally given  place  to  the  earlier  one  of  Burmann.  Slight  changes  have  been  made  in  Dr.  Gray's 
description  to  exclude  the  var.  carpinifoUa. 


Sida.  MALVACK.K.  325 

mostly  longer  than  petiole,  from  filiforiiilinoar  to  lanceolate,  tardily  deciciuoun :  poiluiirloi 
not  loiigir  ilum  tlic  calyx,  or  .snnif  ..f  tlicni  twice  or  tlirice  longer  (tlieMe  juinU-d  aUtvt  the 
middle)  :  j.etals  yellow,  varyin;;  nearly  t<»  white,  (|uartfr  to  half  inch  hmj^  ;  cari*<U  reticu- 
lated-rugose, sulmlately  2-awned  or  2-nnicronate  even  hefore  dehlMcnce.  —  V\.  Ind.  147; 
IJC.  I'rodr.  i.  4G0 ;  Schumann  in  Mart.  Fl.  Hnis.  xii.  j.t.  3,  ."Jarj ;  K.  (j.  Haker,  J«ur.  Itot. 
XXX.  238.  S.  ruriiiuifitlia  of  many  authors,  its  to  narrow -havi-d  formn.  .S'.  ilifiuUiUt,  Car. 
Diss.  i.  22,  t.  3,  f.  10;  DC.  1.  c. ;  Cliapm.  Fl.  55.  .S".  <jl,il,r,i.  Null,  .lour,  Acad.  I'hilad.  vii. 
90;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  232. —  Wa.'<te  ground  near  dwellings,  Florifla,  )>orha|Nt  not  indigiv 
uous;  also  occasional  a.s  a  hallast-weed  as  far  north  as  New  York.  (Widely  diittrihutiMi  in 
tropics  of  both  hemispheres.) 

Var.*  carpinifolia,  Smi  .mann,  1.  c  326.  Leaves  considenildy  broader,  ovato  or 
ovatc-uliloiig,  <>l)tusi>li,  rounded  or  even  suhcordate  at  the  ha-^e. — .s'.  riirjnnifJift,  I.,  f. 
Suppl.  .JOT;  Cav.  Diss.  i.  21,  &  v.  t.  l.'U,  f.  1  ;  Jacq.  Ic.  Har.  t.  135.  ,S.  f/tinn/Jia.  Link, 
J^uum.  ii.  203;  Keichenb.  Ic.  Bot.  Kxot.  i.  23,  t.  33.  >'.  rm/ntioKlis,  DC.  I'nxlr.  i.  461.— 
With  the  type  in  Florida  but  less  frequent;  also  on  ballast  at  Portland,  Oregon,  Utndtrtun. 
(Mex.,  most  tropics.) 

■I-+  •»-••  Leaves  all  or  mostly  linear  or  oldoiigliiiear  and  oiituse  at  both  ends,  serrate  or  den- 
ticulate :  carjjels  9  to  12,  gial)rous,  at  maturity  rugulose  or  reticulated  on  sidi-s  and  back 
and  2  cuspidate  or  2-mucronate  at  summit  cln.se  behind  the  more  or  less  infiexed  nhort 
apex  or  rarely  muticous :  perennial  herl)s,  with  virgate  branches:  flowers  yellow  or  in 
one  changing  to  purple. 

=  Stem  and  calyx  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 
S.  EUiottii,  TouK.  &  Gkay.  Stems  slender,  a  foot  to  a  yard  high  :  leaves  mostly  nam)wly 
lineal-  (inch  or  more  long,  1  to  3  lines  wide)  or  some  lower  ones  o<c;isionally  iddong,  serru- 
late:  peduncles  not  articulated  except  at  insertion,  some  shorter  than  the  caly.\  but  earlier 
ones  commonly  little  shorter  than  the  subtending  leaf:  petals  iialf  inch  or  more  long  :  niatun; 
carpels  strongly  reticulate-rugose  on  the  sides. —  Fl.  i.  231  ;  Cliapm.  Fl.  55.  .s".  ijrurilis,  Kll. 
Sk.  ii.  159,  not  Kich.  (which  is  an  obscure  W.  Indian  species).'  —  Sandy  and  o|>eu  wokIh, 
es|)ecially  on  the  coast,  S.  Carolina  to  Alabama,  Tenne.s.see,'''  and  S.  Florida;  first  coll.  Iiv 
Kllion. 

Var.*  parviflora,  Chapm.  "Stem  shrubby,  smooth;  leaves  narrow-linear,  olituse, 
downy  beneatii  ;  jieilnncles  as  long  a.s  the  leaves;  petals  barely  longer  than  the  calyx."  — 
Fl.  ed.  3,  48  (whence  descr.).  6'.  Lindheimeri,  Chapm.  Fl.  eds.  1  &  2,  55,  not  F:npelni.  & 
Gray.  —  "  Key  West,  Blodgett."  Not  seen  by  the  editor  and  from  character  jR-rhaps  a  di». 
tinct  species. 
=  =  Stem  more  or  less  puberuleiit,  and  biwer  face  of  the  le.ives  and  calyx  cinereous. 
S.  Neo-Mexicana,  Ghay.  a  sj.an  to  a  f.ut  or  more  high,  and  (liffusely  many-stemme<l 
from  a  ligneous  base  or  root,  minutely  |)ul>erulent.  hardly  at  all  cinereous  :  leaves  narn.wly 
linear,  sometimes  linear-oblong  :  peduncles  not  articulated,  short  or  very  short  (rarely  over  3 
or  4  lines  long)  :  petals  orangenolor,  in  age  often  changing  to  red,  less  than  half  inch  long: 
m.iture  carpels  muticous  or  barely  mucronulate  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  296.  6'.  Kdn^iii, 
var.?  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  21  ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  39.  N.  rfuimhi/ulin,  \aT.  1  micro- 
phylla,  Hemsl.  Biol.  Centr.-Am.  Bot.  i.  106.  —  E.  New  Mexico,"  HV.y/^  ThurUr,  Crtrnr : 
S.  Arizcma,  Lemmon.  (Chiliuahua.  >[ex.,  Prinqle,  no.  577,  and  San  Luis  Pot4>si.  Parry  & 
Palmer,  no.  88,  small-  and  short-leaved  form,  SchajFnfr,  no.  162,  broader-leaved  form.) 
S.  Lindheimeri,  Enoelm.  &  Gray.  Cinereous-pubemlent.  2  or  .1  f.et  high,  erect,  herba- 
ceous to  ba.se  :  leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  some  lower  ones  (ddance.dato  (2  inche.i  of  more 
long),  or  upper  narrowlv  linear,  commonly  glabrate  aimve :  peduncles  slen.ler.  aU.ut  ciual- 
ling  the  .subtending  leaves  (half  inch  t<.  2  inches  long),  articulate.l  al-.ve  the  mid.lle :  |iotal« 
vellow,  fuliv  half  inch  long:  carpels  dorsally  j.ubernlent  or  glabrate.  cuspidately  2-<lenlalo. 
—  PI.  Lindii.  pt.  1,5.     5.  EUiottii,  with  var.  T,x,uia,  T..rr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  6S1.  -  Pramej.  of 


1  S.  rnhro.viar>jinata,  Nash,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxiii.  102,  appear,  to  be  morxly  •  broad-l.-avit!  form 

S.    /■Ilinttii. 

2  F.xtendinp  to  Stoddard  Co.,  Mi«.souri,  liinh. 

8  Extreme  W.  Texas. >/c  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  IKrb.  ii.  40. 


326  MALVACEAE.  Sida. 

Texas  and  adjacent  Louisiana,  and  south  to  the  Rio  Grande ;  first  coll.  hy  Berlundlfr,  then 
bv  Jjrummond,  Lindheimer,  &c.     (Adj.  Mex.) 

S-  longipes,  Gray.  Somewhat  scabro-puberulent,  not  cinereous  :  steins  about  a  foot  hi^h 
from  a  ligneous  root,  strict :  leaves  elongated-linear  or  the  lower  lanceolate,  barely  serrulate 
or  crenulate,  much  surpassed  by  the  (3  to  5  inclies  long)  erect  peduncles ;  these  articulated 
toward  the  summit :  petals  orange-color,  half  inch  long:  carpels  glabrous,  muticous.  —  1*1. 
Wright,  i.  19,  ii.  21.  —  W.  Texas,  from  Live-Oak  Creek  to  the  Pecos,  Wright,  Woodhouse, 
Haiard\ 

*   *   *   Flowers  pedunculate  and  scattered  in  the  axils  or  partly  paniculate :  calyx  not 
angled,  globular  in  the  bud. 

S.  filipes,  Gray.  Herbaceous  from  perennial  root,  2  or  3  feet  high,  paniculately  branched, 
ratiier  .>ilender,  fulvous-canescent  witii  close  stellular  pubescence  :  leaves  very  short-petioled, 
lanceolate  or  the  lower  oblong,  serrate,  hardly  acute,  subcordate  or  truncate  at  base,  inch  or 
two  long  :  peduncles  filiform,  longer  than  the  leaves,  the  small  flower  nodding  in  and  after 
anthesis  :  calyx-lobes  (hardly  over  a  line  long)  ovate,  obtuse:  petals  deep  violet-purple,  2 
lines  long :  carpels  about  7,  obtusely  apiculate  at  the  at  length  dehiscent  apex,  glabrate, 
the  sides  favose-rugose.  —  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  164,  &  PI.  Wright,  i.  19.  —  Rocky  ravines  from 
near  Austin,  Texas,  to  the  Rio  Grande,  Wright,  Schott.  (Adj.  Mex.,  Berlandier,  Edwards, 
Palmer,  &c.) 

13.  WISSADULA,  Medic.  (An  E.  Indian  name.)  —  Habit  of  Ahutilon, 
and  with  paniculate  or  subspicate  yellow  flowers. — Malv.  24;  Presl,  Rel. 
Haenk.  ii.  117,  t.  69;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  204.  —  Genus  of  a  few  tropical 
species.     [Revised  by  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

"W^.*  rostrata.  Planch.-^  Canescent  with  soft  and  close  minute  pubescence,  no  bristly 
hairs  :  leaves  all  cordate  with  deep  narrow  sinus,  abruptly  acuminate,  entire,  loug-petioled ; 
upper  face  glabrous  or  glabrate :  flowers  loosely  paniculate,  slender-pedicelled  :  petals  2 
lines  long :  carpels  mucrouate  ;  seeds  3  or  4,  upper  puberulent,  lower  one  hairy.  —  ["  Planch, 
in"]  Hook.  Niger  Fl.  229.  W.  mucromdata,  Gray  in  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  39.  Sida 
kernandioides,  L'Her.  Stirp.  t.  58.  Wissadula  periploci/olia,  var.  hernandioides,  Griseb.  Cat. 
Cub.  25.  (Must  be  different  from  the  Indian  W.  Zei/lanica,  Medic,  which  seems  to  be  in- 
troduced into  America.)  Abutilon  Neal/eiji,  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  32,  ii.  41. — 
S.  Texas,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  Schott.     (Adj.  Mex.,  Berlandier,  &c.,  W.  Ind.,  S.  Am.,  Afr.) 

"W^.*  holosericea,  Garcke.^  Robust,  branching,  3  to  6  feet  high,  densely  velvety-tomentose 
tliroughout,  soft  and  white  but  in  age  usually  tawny  and  somewhat  roughish,  heavy-scented  : 
leaves  broadly  cordate,  acute  or  acuminate,  from  almost  entire  to  dentate,  sometimes 
obscurely  3-lobed  (the  smaller  2  and  larger  8  to  10  inches  long) :  flowers  short-peduiicled, 
solitary  in  lower  axils,  and  later  ones  corymbose-paniculate  at  summit:  petals  orange- 
yellow,  half  to  three  fourths  inch  long :  carpels  tomentose,  not  exceeding  the  siiort  and 
broad  calyx;  seeds  glabrous.  —  Zeitschr.  f.  Naturw.  Ixiii.  124.  ?  Abutilon  erosum,  Schlecht. 
Linnaea,  xi.  367,  Jide  E.  G.  Baker,  Jonr.  Bot.  xxxi.  74.  A.  holosericeum,  Scheele,  Linna;a, 
xxi.  471 ;  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  162,  &  PI.  Wright  i.  20.  A.  velntinum.  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii. 
67,  t.  125.  — Rocky  soil,  W.  Texas,  Wright,  Lindheimer,  &c.  (Adj.  Mex.,  first  coll.  by 
Berlandier.) 

14.  ABtTTILON,  Tourn.  (Probably  of  Arabic  origin,  being  a  name  used 
by  Avicenna,  for  some  plant,  taken  by  commentators  to  be  Indian  Mallow.)  — 
Herbs  or  shrubs,  of   warm  countries,  mostly  with  soft  stellular  pubescence  or 

1  Also  southeastward  as  far  as  Duval  Co.,  Texas,  Nealley,  fide  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb, 
i.  32. 

2  This  name  is  substituted  for  the  W.  murronulntn  of  Gray,  on  grounds  of  obvious  priority,  the 
identity  of  the  species  being  evident  both  from  specimens  and  from  sj-nonymy  cited  with  their  orij^i- 
nal  descriptions. 

3  This  species  has  been  transferred  from  Abutilon  to  Wissadula,  the  structure  of  the  fruit  being,  as 
Garcke  has  pointed  out,  clearly  of  the  latter  genus. 


Abufdon.  MAI.VACK.K.  327 

wool,  cordate  leaves,  and  axillary  or  panKulatc  flowers,  the  peuils  ronimonly 
yellow;  fl.  summer  and  autumn.  —  Inst.  'J'.*,  t.  2  .'> ;  Ga;rtn.  Kru«t.  ii.  2.'j1,  u  \'6b  ; 
HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  270;  Gray,  G<n.  Ill,  ii.  Oj,  i.  125,  120." 

§  1.  Carpels  in  fruit  coriaceous  or  cliartiiceous,  not  v«si<ular.  nmre  or  Ichh 
divergent  or  spreading  at  .summit  ami  mostly  cuspiilatt;  or  nuurunat*-  l»a<k  of 
the  proper  apex. 

*  Indian  Mallows,  introduced  species,  tall  and  large:  cariK-lH  numcroux  (II  to .10),  nitwtlv 
several-see(Ie<l,  forniiug  a  broad  capsule,  liirsnie  at  top,  liiilf  imli  to  inrji  long.  ea<ii 
hanging  by  thread  when  at  length  detached  from  the  axis:  leaveH  cordate,  aLuniinato, 
from  rcpand  serrulate  to  crenaic-dentate,  long-petioled.  —  Ueloere,  Shuttl.  in  Graj,  I'l. 
Wright,  i.  21. 

A.*  TukophkAsti,  Medic.^  (Vklvkt-leaf.)  Velvety  and  cinereoas  with  very  nhort  and 
fine  soft  wuolliuess,  annual:  peduncles  shorter  than  peticdes:  calyx  very  de<-ply  .Vpart«-d, 
half  tlie  length  of  the  awn-beaked  capsule:  petals  yellow,  i|uarter  inch  long.  —  .Malv.  28; 
E.  G.  Eaker,  Juur.  Bot.  xxxi.  214.  A.  Aricetma-,  (Jartn.  1.  c.  Sidn  Ahutilon,  L.  Spec.  ii. 
685;  Schk.  Ilandb.  t.  190.  —  A  common  weed  in  wa.ste  and  cult,  grounds,  Maine  to  North 
Carolina,  and  westward  at  least  to  Kansas  and  Nebraska.'     (Nat.  from  Eu.,  Asia.) 

A.  tNDiciM,  Sweet,*  var.  nfisTiM,  Griseb.  Frutescent,  velvety-cane.sccnt  with  sliort  fine  wool- 
liness  and  branches  hirsute  or  villous  with  clammy  spreading  hairs :  [)eilun(  les  e<|ualliiig  or 
shorter  than  petioles:  carpels  15  to  30  in  a  gloliular  capsule,  little  surpaj»siiig  the  calyx, 
barely  mucronate:  petals  yellow,  conunonly  purple  at  base,  half  inch  or  more  long. —  Fl. 
W.  Ind.  78.  A.  fiirlum,  vSweet,  Hort.  Hrit.  i.  53;  Don,  Syst.  i.  tMl.  A.  qiamJeus,  Wight 
&  Arn.  Prodr.  Fl.  Ind.  .06.  Si,la  hirta,  Lnm.  Diet.  i.  7;  Heichenb.  Ic.  jlot.  Exot.  ii.  \U'i. 
Beloere  cistijlorn,  Shuttl.  in  distr.  ])1.  Hugel,  94.  —  Key  West,  Ihujel,  and  perhaps  el.««whcre.* 
(Nat.  from  W.  Ind.  and  Ind.) 

A.  pkdunculAre,  HBK.  Velvety-tomento.-!e  and  under  face  of  leaves  very  canesceiit,  the 
branches  and  stalks  villous  or  hirsute:  peduncles  eiiuailing  or  surpa.>.sing  the  petioles  (2  to 
4  inches  long)  :  calyx  deeply  .5-cleft  and  with  reduidicate-angled  base;  lobes  ov.ite :  p4>talit 
rose-color,  half  inch  or  more  long,  little  longer  than  the  calyx :  capsule  with  mucronato 
divergent  beaks.  —  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  273,  Jide  Griseb.  1.  c. ;  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  609. 
Sidii  I/iilseana,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  2.J3  (imjierfect  sjKcimfii),  therefore  Ahutilon  Iltilsfunum, 
Torr.  in  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  23  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  56.  —  S.  Floriila;^  first  coll.  by  Ilulse  at  Tampa 
Bay,  perhaps  not  of  human  introduction.  (W.  Ind.,  S.  Am.) 
A.  JAcQUiN'i,  Don  (Syst.  i.  503,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  300,  not  Chapm.;  A.  li<fnosum, 

A.  Kich.  Fl.  Cub.   152,  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  79,  but  not  Sitla  liijnosn,  Cav. ;   .1.  /,ifp<Jruniin, 

Grav,  PI.  Wright,  i.  20),  of  Mexico,  comes  near  the  U.  S.  bounilary.     It  may  l>e  known  by  it.-i 

seemingly  cordate  sepals  eciualling  the  hirsute  erect-awned  carpels. 

*  *  Carpels  7  to  10,  .at  maturity  about  half  to  one  third  inch  long.  few-.«eedcd  (.*oeds  mostly 
3,  one  above  the  other),  from  soft-pubescent  to  canescent-pnberulent.  at  sejianition  hardly 
showing  an  attaching  tiiread,  thin-coriaceous  to  membranaceous:  perennials,  with  conl.ite 
leaves  and  yellow  corolla. 

■i-  Fruit  villous-pubescent,  equalled  by  the  calyx :  corolla  orange:  flowers  at  least  jmrtljr 
naked-paniculate.     Extra-limital  species. 

1  Add  E.  G.  Baker,  Jour.  Bot.  xxxi.  71. 

2  Name  changed  from  the  later  .1.  Avirenme,  in  accordance  with  the  "Kcw  Rule."  Ahulilom 
Abulilon,  Rushy,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  222.  is  al.so  a  synonym. 

8  Said  also  to  occur  in  California,  cf.  Greene.  Man.  Hay-Rejr.  67. 

*  Typical  A.  /mlicum,  widely  distrib.  in  tropics  of  both  lioniispheres.  him  none  of  the  Kl«nduUr 
pubescence  of  the  present  variety,  which  by  Schnniann  (in  Mart.  Kl.  Rrn*.  xii.  pi.  .),  .IS*)  i-  rpc«rdrd 
as  a  distinct  species,  A.  hirtum.  Sweet,  while  K.  G.  Baker  follows  Master*  in  raiikinit  i(  «  vari.ly  of 
A.  fjrareolens,  Wight  &  Am.  But  Wight  and  Arnott  (1'ro.lr.  Fl.  Ind.)  Male  that  all  then*  form., 
ind.  .1.  Irnliriim,  "seem  to  pa.ss  by  insensible  gradations  into  each  other." 

6  Also  on  the  coast  of  Florida,  ace.  to  Chapman. 

»  Now  extending  at  least  to  Central  Florida,  wiicre  coll.  near  Ku>ti.s  by  .V.j«A. 


328  MALVACE^.  Ahutilon. 

A.  Palmeri  Gray.  Shrubby  below,  tall :  stems  aud  stalks  pubescent  and  usually  villous : 
leaves  veh  L'ty-tonieutose,  round-cordate,  dentate  (larger  4  to  6  inches  long) :  Howers  mainly 
in  a  naked  ])auicle :  peduncles  or  pedicels  about  inch  long:  calyx  very  villous,  in  fruit  half 
inch  long,  the  lobes  triangular-ovate,  acuminate,  little  shorter  than  the  petals:  carpels 
about  8,  with  short  subulate  beaks,  very  villous;  seed-coat  warty.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii. 
289. — Yaqui  River,*  N.  Sonora,  Mex.,  Palmer. 

A.  aurantiacum,  Watson.  About  a  foot  high,  woody  at  base:  leaves  velvety-tomentose 
and  canesceut  both  sides,  round-cordate  with  closed  deep  sinus,  creuate,  inch  or  two  in 
diameter:  peduncles  mainly  axillary  and  shorter  than  the  leaves:  calyx  in  fruit  nearly 
half  inch  long,  cleft  to  the  middle,  very  pubescent,  canescent ;  lobes  ovate,  acuminate,  half 
the  len"-th  of  the  petals:  carpels  10,  villous-pubescent,  with  short  subulate  beaks;  seeds 
rougliish-puberulent.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  357.  —  Lower  California,  a  little  below  the  U.  S. 
boundary,  Parry,  Orcutt. 
-I-   -I-  Fruit  pubescent  or  puberulent,  equalled  by  or  moderately  surpassing  the  calyx: 

peduncles  mainly  axillary  and  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
++   Leaves  very  soft  and  velvety  white-tomentose  beneath,  less  so  or  even  glabrate  and  at 
length  green  above ;  the  veinlets  mostly  obscure  :  calyx  5-parted  ;  lobes  ovate,  acuminate. 

A.  permoUe,  Sweet.  Shrubby  below,  freely  branching,  2  to  5  feet  high  :  no  villous  hairs : 
leaves  ovate-cordate  and  mostly  acuminate  (larger  4  inches,  smaller  incii  long)  :  later  flowers 
somewhat  panicled :  petals  half  inch  long,  much  exceeding  the  calyx;  the  latter  hardly  at 
all  angled  at  base,  barely  equalling  the  7  to  10  divergently  nuuTouate-beaked  carpels;  seeds 
minutely  warty.  —  Hort.  Brit.  ed.  1,  .53  ;  Don,  Syst.  i.  503;  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  20;  Griseb. 
1.  c. ;  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  609.  ^1.  Jacquini,  Chapm.  Fl.  66,  not  Don.  A.  peraffine,  Shuttl.  in 
distr.  pi.  Rugel,  no.  956.  Sida  permollis,  Willd.  Enum.  723.  —  S.  Florida,  in  many  places. 
(W.  Ind.) 

A.  Wrightii,  Gray.  Ascending  or  decumbent  and  herbaceous  from  a  lignescent  stock: 
slender  branches  and  stalks  with  some  soft  spreading  hairs :  leaves  round-cordate,  obtuse 
or  acutish,  an  inch  or  more  long,  crenulate  to  dentate,  very  soft  and  white-tomentose 
beneath :  calyx  half  inch  long  and  little  shorter  than  the  petals,  or  more  accrescent,  angu- 
late  at  base ;  the  tapering  acuminate  lobes  mostly  surpassing  the  7  or  8  pubescent  subulate- 
aristate  carpels;  seeds  smooth  and  glabrous.  —  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  162,  &  PI.  Wright,  i.  20. — 
S.  Texas,  Berlandier,  Wright,  &c.,  and  Arizona,  Pringle.     (Adj.  Mex.,  Berlandier,  Pringle.) 

A.  Parishii,  Watsok.  Wholly  herbaceous,  erect,  2  feet  high,  very  white-tomentose :  stem 
and  stalks  commonly  villous  with  reflexed  hairs :  leaves  very  long-petioled,  ovate-cordate, 
hardly  acuminate,  crenate-dentate,  an  inch  or  more  long  :  peduncles  all  much  shorter  than 
the  petioles :  petals  one  third  inch  long :  lobes  of  the  deeply  5-parted  calyx  ovate,  quarter 
inch  long,  little  over  half  the  length  of  the  7  or  8  (rarely  5  or  6)  mucronate-beaked  pubes- 
cent carpels;  seeds  puberulent.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  357.  — Santa  Catalina  Mountains, 
Pringle,  and  near  Lowell,  Arizona,  Parish. 

++   ++   Leaves  and  stalks  canescent  or  cinereous  with  short  and  partly  scurfy-stellular  down ; 
the  veinlets  as  well  as  veins  conspicuous  beneath. 

A.  Lemmoni,  Watson,  1.  c.  Fruticose,  a  foot  or  two  high,  much  branched,  erect,  very 
leafy  :  leaves  ovate-cordate  with  shallow  sinus,  acute  or  acuminate,  inch  or  more  long : 
peduncles  about  the  length  of  the  slender  petioles :  petals  quarter  inch  long  :  calyx  .5-parted, 
canescent ;  lobes  broadly  ovate,  in  fruit  3  or  4  lines  long,  half  or  two  thirds  the  length  of 
the  8  or  9  puberulent-canescent  mucronate-pointed  carpels;  seed-coat  roughish-scurfy  or 
puberulent.  —  Rocky  hills,  S.  Arizona,  Thurber,  Lemmon,  Pringle.  (Lower  Calif.,  Streets  f 
Orcutt.) 

A.*  Berlandieri,  Gray.  Branching,  lignescent :  leaves  mostly  larger  than  in  the  last  pre- 
ceding species,  ovate  or  somewhat  ovate-oblong,  shallowly  cordate,  crenate-dentate,  acumi- 
nate :^calyx  deeply  5-parted  ;  lobes  ovate,  acuminate,  4  to  6  lines  long,  equalling  or  exceed- 
ing the  mature  carpels:  petals  half  inch  in  length. —Gray  in  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 


XX. 


1  This  species  was  again  collected  by  Dr.  Palmer  at  Guaymas,  Mex.,  but  the  plant  so  named, 
Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  67,  from  Lower  Calif.,  is  probably  distinct. 


Ahutilon.  MALVACE^.  32'.) 

358;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  32,  ii.  41;  Heller.  Cmtrib.  Herb.  Kraukl.  & 
Marshall  Coll.  i.  64.  — S.  Texas,  iMtermun,  NealUy,  I/rllrr.  (NortlM-ni  Mex.,  Hhen-  fin.t 
coll.  by  Btrlanditr.) 

•»-•<-••-  Fruit  pulKJScent  or  ciiieHcent,  Hbort,  but  Burpjuwing  the  comparatively  aniall 
calyx  :  flowers  all  or  mainly  in  an  ample  naked  and  nt-arly  f^labroun  comixtund  i>anii  !<• : 
stems  herbaceous,  rather  tall:  It-aves  larj^e,  4  to  9  imln-.-*  wide  or  lonj;,  round  cordatA 
with  narrow  or  closed  sinus,  acuminate,  and  not  rarely  wilii  lateral  atuminale  lolxfi  or 
lobelets. 

A.  Sonorae,  Grav.  stem  below  and  lonj,'  petioles  hirsute  or  hi!<pi<l  with  lonj;  Kpreadinjj 
hairs:  leaves  soft  velvety-tomenlo.xo  ami  cani-scent  beneatli,  less  ko  or  ^rcr-n  and  j;labnH4? 
above:  calyx  only  2  lines  lonp,  witii  ovate,  obtu.se  1oIk?8,  cancwent  half  the  l.iif,tli  of   (he 

corolla:   truncate  capsule  4  lines  hi^li,  of  7   to  10  mucronate  or  mucronulati-  cariM-lH. 

ri.  Wright,  ii.  23.  —  Hillsides  on  the  Sonoita,  just  south  of  Arizona,  Wri<jl,t.  (Chiimatma, 
Mex.,  Primjle,  Palmer.) 

A.  reventum,  W.vtson.  Habit  and  leaves  of  tiie  ])r(redintj  :  stem  frlalirous  throughout  or 
bari'ly  imherulent  :  calyx  and  ctirolla  larger;  lobes  of  tlie  former  nion-  than  iialf  tiie  length 
of  tlie  mucronulate  or  nearly  pointless  carpels.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  418.  A.Snnnni, 
var.,  Gray,  PI.  Thurb.  308.  —  S.  Arizona  and  ailjacent  Souora,  Thurbir,  J'ringlr.  (Chihuahua, 
Max.,  Palmer.) 
*  *  *   Carpels  5  or  rarely  6  to  8,  closely  erect  in  the  truncate  capsule,  3  or  4  linej4  long, 

only  mucronate-tipped,  minutely  pubescent  or  canescent ;  seeds  2  or  3,  supcrjMjsed  :  freely 

branching  herbaceous  perennials,  small-flowered, 
•t—  Corolla  yellow,  the  jjctals  3  to  5  lines  long :  plants  erect  an<l  bushy,  a  foot  to  a  yard 

high,  canescent  throughout  with  minute  and  compact  coating,  the  hairs   (juite   indistiD- 

guisiiable. 
A.  malacum,  Watson.  Pubescence  soniewliat  pannose  :  stems  rather  stout  :  leaves  niuml- 
cordate,  acute  or  short-acuminate,  veiny,  2  to  4  inches  long,  rather  long- pet ioled  :  flowers 
numerous,  paniculate-clustered  and  short-podicelled,  or  some  earliest  solitary  and  nither 
slender-peduuded  in  axils :  calyx  3  lines  long,  the  acute  or  acuminate  lobes  appre.ssed  to 
and  nearly  equalling  the  broad  and  short  steliular-pulterulent  cajxsule. —  Proe.  Am.  Acad, 
xxi.  446.  (Has  been  variou.sly  confounded  with  the  next.)  — Texas  near  the  Uio  Grande, 
from  Laredo  to  El  Paso,  Bigelow,  Ilavard,  Junes.  (Chihuahua,  Mex.,  Priwjte.) 
A.  incanum  Sweet.  l*ubescence  minuter  and  whiter  :  leaves  mostly  ovate-cordato,  ser- 
rate, larger  3  or  4  inches,  smaller  on  the  branclikts  half  inch  long :  flowers  solitary  and 
mostly  slender-pedunded  in  tiie  axils,  and  sometimes  loosely  and  slightly  paniculate  on  the 
branchlets:  calyx  a  line  or  two  long,  at  length  usually  reflexed  under  the  more  or  lew 
oblong  trimcate  canescent-pubcrulent  capsule ;  seeds  when  young  smooth  and  glabrous,  in 
age  minutely  cinereous-pubescent.  —  Hort.  Brit.  ed.  1,53;  Don,  Syst.  i.  501;  Gray.  Hot. 
V.  S.  Expl.  Exped.  168,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  301.  A.  Ternisr,  &  A.  Xuttallii.  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  231.  .1.  Texense,  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  161,  &  PI.  Wright,  i.  21.  .^ida  inrana. 
Link,  Enum.  ii.  204.  —  S.  Arkansas  and  Texas  to  Arizona.  (Mex.,  Sandwich  Islands.) 
^  ^_  Corolla  brick-red  or  "  pink,"  the  petals  2  or  3  lines  long  :  plant,t  diffuse. 
A.  parvullim,  Gray.  Stellular-puberulent.  cinereous  or  greener,  or  when  young  caneji- 
cent :  stems  slender,  loosely  spreading  or  decumbent  from  a  ligneous  root :  leave.-*  from 
rounded-  to  ovate-cordate,  irregularly  serrate,  sometimes  obscurely  3-Iobe<l,  thinni.iii.  half 
inch  to  2  inches  long:  flowers  mostly  solitary  and  axillary  on  rtliform  |>eduncles:  calyx  a 
line  or  two  long,  at  length  reflexed  under  the  short-ovoid  capsule.—  PI.  Wriglit.  i.  21.  ii  23. 
&  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  .301.  — W.  Texas  to  S.  Cob.rado  and  Arizona  quite  to  the  Hio 
Colorado  ;  first  coll.  by  Wrirjht. 
«  *  #   *   Carpels  5,  short,  submembranaceous,  at  longtli  2  valve.l,  abruptly  and  divergently 

10-awned  (the  5  .iwns  soon  dividing) ;   seeds  2  or  3,  super|«.se.l  :    herbaceou.-.  pn.l«bly 

perennial,  with  greeu  and  membranaceous  leaves,  and  small  yellow  flowers. 
A.    Thlirberi,    Gray.     Green,  not  canescent.  pubescence  .if  3-4  rayed   and  some  simple 
bristly  hairs:' stems  a  foot  or  two  high,  slender,  simple   or  paniculately   branched   aU.ve, 


330  MALVACEAE.  Alutilon. 

sparsely  hirsute  or  hispid :  leaves  membranaceous,  ovate-cordate,  serrate,  2  inches  or  less 
long,  on  short  but  filiform  simple  and  bractless  pi-iluncles ;  these  mostly  leafy-paniculate  or 
racemose  on  short  axillary  shoots  :  calyx  and  slender  peduncle  barbate-iiirsute ;  the  former 
in  fruit  3  lines  long,  short-canipanulate,  cleft  to  about  the  middle,  closely  applied  to  and 
nearly  equalling  the  capsule,  half  the  length  of  the  orange-yellow  petals  :  awns  of  the  car- 
pels a  line  or  more  long,  sparsely  hirsute ;  seeds  glabrous.  —  PI.  Thurb.  307,  &  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  xxii.  302. —Shady  places,  N.  Sonora,  not  far  below  the  U.  S.  boundary,  Tlnuber, 
Palmer. 
A.  UMBELL.4TUM,  Swcct,  of  tliis  divisiou,  was  collected  by  Berlandier  in  Tamaulipas,  not  far 

from  the  boundary. 

§  2.    Gayoides,  Gray.     Carpels  numerous,  membranaceous  and  vesicular  in 

fruit,  pointless,  few-ovuled,  2-3-seeded :  habit  of  Gaya,  but  no  interior  process.  — 

Gen.  111.  ii.  67,  t.  126. 

A.  crispum,  Medic.  Perennial,  diffuse  from  a  suffrutescent  base,  velvety-tomentulose  or 
canesceut,  and  slender  branches  with  or  without  spreading  villous  hairs:  leaves  cordate, 
mostly  acuminate,  crenulate,  veiny,  inch  or  two  long;  uppermost  nearly  sessile:  peduncles 
axillary,  filiform,  in  fruit  commonly  refracted  at  the  joint :  petals  pale  yellow  or  whitish,  3 
lines  long:  fruit  half  inch  or  more  long,  globular,  inflated,  of  about  12  carpels,  dorsally 
dehiscent,  in  age  ofteu  undulate  or  crisped  ;  seeds  smooth.  —  Malv.  29  (as  cri/s/mm)  ;  Sweet, 
Hort.  Brit.  ed.  1,  53  ;  Don,  Syst.  i.  502;  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  23,  PI.  Wright,  i.  21,  &  Gen.  111. 
ii.  68,  t.  126 ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  liid.  79,  &  Cat.  Cub.  26  (with  var.  imberbe,  the  form  with  no 
villos'itv).  A.  tiichodum,  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub.  t.  17.  SIda  crispa,  L.  Spec.  ii.  685  (Dill.  Elth. 
t.  5 ;  Martyn,  Hist.  PI.  Rar.  t.  29) ;  Cav.  Diss.  i.  30,  t.  7,  f.  1,  &  t.  135,  f.  2 ;  DC.  Prodr.  i. 
469,  with  5.  imberbis.  Beloere  crispa,  Shuttl.  in  distr.  pi.  Rugel,  no.  95.  —  S.  Florida  (chiefly 
the  var.  imberbe,  Grisebach)  and  Texas  to  Arizona.     (Mex.,  Trop.  Am.,  Ind.,  &c.) 

15,  MALACHRA,  L.  (MaXdxn,  ancient  name  of  some  kind  of  Mallow.) 
—  Hispid  herbs  (of  the  warm  parts  of  America)  ;  with  rounded  and  angulate  or 
lobed  leaves,  setaceous  stipules,  involucral  leaves  usually  white  at  base,  and 
yellow  or  whitish  flowers  appearing  in  summer. — Mant.  13;  Gray,  Gen. 
111.  ii.  73,  t.  129.^  —  Ours  annual,  perhaps  not  indigenous.  [Revised  by  B.  L. 
Robinson.] 

M.*  alceaef  olia,  Jacq.  Moderately  hispid  :  leaves  more  or  less  3-5-lobed :  flower-heads 
pedunculate  or  subsessile :  corolla  yellow,  sometimes  white :  carpels  puberulent  or  glabrate 
at  maturity,  much  shorter  than  the  then  attenuate-prolonged  calyx-lobes.  —  Coll.  ii.  350,  & 
Ic.  Rar.  t!^  549;  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  769;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  441 ;  Gurke  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xvi.  350. 
M.  capitata,  Swartz,  Obs.  262,  not  L^Jide  Giirke.     ( W.  Ind.,  S.  Am.) 

Var.*  rotundifolia,  Gurke.  Leaves  of  roundish  outline  obtusely  angulate  rather 
than  lobed,  the  upper  ovate  or  ovate-oblong.  —  Giirke  in  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  462  (where 
specific  name  is  arbitrarily  altered  to  alceifolia),  &  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xvi.  351.  M.  capitata, 
Cav.  Diss.  ii.  97  (in  part"),  t.  86,  f.  1 ;  Moi'nch.  Meth.  614 ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  440 ;  Griseb.  Fl. 
W.  Ind.  80;  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  609;  not  L,  M.  rotundifolia,  Schrank,  PI.  Hort.  Mon.  t.  56. 
M.  urens,  Holzinger,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  288,  not  Poir.  —  Keys  of  Florida,  Ciirtiss, 
Simpson.  (W.  Ind.,  S.  Am.) 
M.*  capitata,  L.  Moderately  hispid  :  leaves  roundish,  sometimes  undivided,  when  3-5- 
lobed  with  sinuate-rounded  open  sinuses  and  lobes  very  obtuse  :  heads  pedunded  :  involucral 
leaves  round-cordate  and  largely  white :  petals  yellow :  carpels  nearly  glabrous,  not  nuich 
surpassed  by  the  ovate  short-acuminate  or  acute  calyx-lobes.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12,  458 ;  Pers. 
Syn.  ii.  248  ;  Spreng.  Sy.st.  iii.  95  ;  Ilemsl.  Biol.  Cent.-Am.  Bot.  i.  115 ;  not  Cav.,  Desr.,  Sw., 
Moench,  nor  T>C.,Jide  Gurke.  M.  palmata,  Ma?nch,  Meth.  615;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  441,  &  Me'm. 
Soc.  Genev.  v.  163,  t.  5  ;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  33,  ii.  43.     M.  triloba,  Desf. 

1  Add  Giirke  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xvi.  330-361,  a  critical  monograph,  bringing  considerable  new  light 
upon  the  hitherto  much  confused  specific  synonymy. 


Pavonia.  M  A  I.\' ACK.i:.  I].'}] 

Cat.  Hurt.  Par.  246  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  440.     .»/.  Mrx.nii,,,,  firav.  Gen.  Ill   ii  74.  t  IL'^.  pn.UMy 
not  Schrutl.  — 're.\a.s,  ir/////<r     (.Me.\.,  W.  In.l.) 

16.  UR£NA,  Dill.  {Urtn,  a  Malaljar  iijiiiie.; — More  or  lew*  caueKoeiit 
herbs  or  uii(l.r.sliiul).s  (of  Asiatic  or  African  ori;,'iii)  ;  witli  hiiiall  aiirl  M.-i,hiK-  or 
8hort-i)e(lunclud  flowers,  yellowish  or  purplish  corolla,  aii<l  a  hiiiall  Imrr-Iikc 
fruit.  — Elth.  430,  t.  319;  L.  Gen,  no.  .'>.j.>.» 

U.  lobAta,  L.  Leaves  rounded,  mostly  broader  than  long.  ^u^K•ordate.  anjrulaN-lv  .VIuImmI  at 
summit,  serrulate,  upper  fate  screen.  iK'iiealii  an  ol.long  >,'land  on  the  t.aw  uf  one  or  thro* 
middle  rihs  :  petals  pink  or  msc color.  —  Sj.ei-.  ii.  092  ;  (;riMeb.  1.  e.  81;  Chapm.  Kl.  eU.  a, 
6()'.t ;  and  many  synonyms  and  varitlits.  —  Ahout  dwellings  iu  Florida.     (Nat.  from  \V.  lud., 

thence  from  India.) 

17.  PAVONIA.  Cav.  (Josejj/,  P,ir„u,  one  of  th.-  authors  ..f  ll..-  Flora 
Peruviana.)  —  Slirulthy  or  sufTruticose  plants  of  warni-teniprrat*^  an«l  tropical 
zones,  of  various  habit,  some  near  to  Ureua,  others  connfctinf;  with  M<dvavlsru$. 
—  Diss.  ii.  App.  2,  &  iii.  132,  t.  4.3-4 'J  ;  DC.  I'rodr.  i,  4  12;  (Iray.den.  III.  ii. 
75,  t.  130. 

§  1.    Carpels  3-awne(l  or  2-3-cornute,  angled,  thick. 

P.  Spinifex,  Cav.  Shruhhy,  puheseent  :  leaves  ohlong<ivate  and  suU-ordato,  dentate: 
flowers  slender  peduncled,  mainly  axillary  :  liractlets  of  the  in\oluiel  wvi-nil.  linear  or 
lameulate,  fully  equalling  the  calyx  :  petals  yellow,  an  inch  long,  eijualled  hy  the  column  : 
mature  carpels  firm-coriaceous,  hearing  three  long  spiny  retrorsely  loirlK-d  awns,  one  ^ul■ter- 
minal  and  two  lower  marginal  ones.  —  Di.-ss.  iii.  1.33,  t.  4.'),  f.  2 ;  DC.  I.  c. ;  Chapm.  FI.  ed.  2, 
608.  Hibiscus  s/iini/er,  L.  Spec.  ed.  2,  ii.  978.  —  Coast  of  Florida ;  perhaps  introdure<l,  a^  it 
is  at  Charleston,  S.  Carolina.     (Trop.  Am.) 

p.  racemosa,  Swartz.  Shruhhy,  puherulent :  leaves  cordate,  slemler-acnminnte,  nearly 
entire,  .3  to  5  inches  long:  flowers  in  a  terminal  naked  raceme:  hracth-ts  <if  the  invohie«|  6 
or  8,  oblong-lanceolate,  nearly  eiimflling  the  moderately  .'i  lol>ed  calyx  :  J^etalsgrecni^h•yelll>w 
or  whitish,  three  fourths  inch  long,  surpa.xsing  the  column  :  carpels  sm<Mith.  with  a  pJiir  of 
short  triangular  beaks  near  summit  of  margins,  and  a  small  medial  apical  cn-st.  —  FI.  Ind. 
Occ.  ii.  l-2\'i;  DC.  1.  c.  44.3;  Griseh.  I.  c.  83;  Chapm.  1.  c.  /'.  spinitn,  Cav.  Diwi.  iii.  1.16. 
t.  46,  f.  1,  l)Ut  flowers  n<rt  spicate.  Malache  schIhu,  &c*  Trew,  Ic.  I'l.  Scl.  t.  90.  —  Coa.«t 
and  keys  of  S.  Florida,  in  marshes,  davber.  Palmer,  Ciirtiss.     (Trop.  Am.) 

§  2.    Carpels  unarmed  and  pointless,  obovoid,  small,  dorsally  1 -nerved. 

P.  hastAta,  Cav.  Frutescent,  cane.scent  with  minute  i)ubescence,  much  branched:  Iea\<» 
hastate,  obtusely  dentate,  inch  or  two  long  :  flowers  slender-peduncled  in  the  axils  :  hractleiH 
of  involucel  5  or  6,  obovate  to  lanceolate,  equalling  the  calyx:  petals  pale  red  with  dark 
spot  at  base,  half  inch  long:  stamens  in  the  short  column  sometimen  few :  rar]M-ls  reticu- 
lated :  flowers  often  cleistogamous.  —  Di.«s  iii.  138.  t.  47,  f.  2;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Bot.  Kxot.  iii. 
t.  227.  /*.  LeContii,  Torr.  &  (Jray  in  Gray.  IM  Fendl.  16.  /'.  Ji.ursii,  Feay  in  WoimI. 
Class-Rook,  ed.  of  1861,  209.  Malia  I.fCmlii,  Huckley,  .\m.  Jour.  Sci  xlv.  176.  (irrrrrtia 
cleisocali/T,  F.  Muell.  in  Hook.  .Jour.  Bot.  &  Kew  Misc.  viii.  8. — Georgia  near  the  cl>a^t. 
introduced.     (Nat.  from  extra-trop.  S.  Am.) 

P.*  lasiopetala,  ScnKKi.E.2  Shrubby,  tomentnlose  and  cinereous:  leaves  conlate  or  mi1»- 
cordate,  scrrati-  or  re]>and,  sometimes  slightly  angulatelolx-d.  1  to  3  inches  long  :  flower* 
slender-peduncled  in  the  axils:  bracllets  of  inv.ducel  .'>  to  8,  linear,  rather  |t>iiger  tluui  llio 
ovate  acumin.ate  .3-.5-nerved  caIyx-lol)es  :  pet.als  ro.se  color,  half  to  thmo  fourtlm  inch  long: 
carpels  smooth  or  obscurely  reticulated.  —  Linna-a,  xxi.  470.     /'.  H'nV/A/»V,  (iray.  Grn.  III. 

1  Add  Giirke  in  F.nu'I.  .Inlirb.  xvi.  301-38,-,. 

■-  The  earliest  name,  aimndoiied  on  nccount  of  its  not  infrciticnt  in«ppli.«liiliir  (ih*  prlal*  Iwinj 
of\en  glabrous),  is  here  restored  on  grounds  of  priority,  as  by  Hook.  f.  &  Jackton,  Index  Kew.  ii.  Hi. 


332  MALVACE^.  Malvaviscus. 

ii.  76,  t.  130,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  161,  PI.  Wright,  i.  22,  &  ii.  24.i  — Rocky  woods,  W.  Texas; 
first  coll.  by  Lindheimer.     (Adj.  Mex.) 

18.  MALVAVlSCUS,  Dill.  (Composed  of  J/«/ra  and  me«/rt,  birdlime 
from  the  viscid  or  imicilaginous  fruit.)  —  Tropical  American  (except  our  species), 
shrubs  or  tall  hei'bs,  with  subcordate  and  occasionally  angulate-lobed  leaves,  and 
showy  red  flowers  on  axillary  peduncles.  —  Elth.  210,  t.  170;  Cav.  Diss.  iii.  131, 
t.  48  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  77,  t.  131.     Achania,  Swartz,  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  ii.  1221. 

M.  Drummondii,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Tomentulose  :  leaves  round-cordate  and  mostly  angu- 
lately  3-lobed,  fully  as  broad  as  long  :  bractlets  of  the  involucel  narrowly  spatulate  :  corolla 
vermilion-red,  inch  long:  column  at  length  well  exserted :  fruit  red.  —  Fl.  i.  230;  Gray, 
1.  c. ;  Griseb.  Cat.  Cub.  28.  Pavonia  Drummondii,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  682,  the  fruit  at  first 
fleshy-  but  at  length  dry  and  separable.  (Near  M.  mollis,  DC,  which  has  slender  involucel- 
late  bractlets,  &c.)  —  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Florida.     (Adj.  Mex.,  Cuba.) 

19.  KOSTELETZKYA,  Presl.  (Prof.  V.  F.  Kosteletzky,  of  Prague.) 
—  Perennial  herbs  (chiefly  of  N.  and  Central  America),  with  cordate  or  sagit- 
tate and  sometimes  lobed  leaves,  and  axillary  or  somewhat  racemose  or  paniculate 
flowers.  — Rel.  Haenk.  ii.  130,  t.  70;  Endi.  Gen.  982;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  79, 
t.  132.     Pentagonocarpus,  Mich.  ace.  to  Pari.  Fl.  Ital.  v.  105. 

§  1.  Column  long  and  filiform,  at  length  exserted  and  much  surpassing  the 
erect  convolute  corolla.  —  §  Ortliopetalum,  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  285. 

K.  Thurberi,  Gray.  Herbaceous?  5  to  10  feet  high,  scabrous-puberuleut,  not  hirsute: 
leaves  round-cordate  and  angulately  3-lobed  (lower  not  seen)  or  uppermost  oblong-ovate  and 
acuminate,  serrulate,  roughish-pubescent  with  3-4-rayed  short  hairs,  especially  the  lower 
face  :  flowers  numerous  in  a  loose  and  naked  compound  panicle  :  bractlets  of  the  involucel 
setaceous,  a  line  or  two  long :  calyx  3  lines  long,  not  accrescent :  corolla  less  than  inch  long, 
rose-color,  outer  face  obscurely  puberulent :  stamens  rather  few  near  the  apex  of  the  fili- 
form column :  capsule  3  lines  high,  glabrate,  acutely  5-lobed,  hispid  along  the  angles.  — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  314.  A',  paniculata,  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  40,  not  Benth. — Canon 
near  Cocospera,  Sonora,  Mex.,  at  considerable  distance  below  the  Arizona  boundary, 
Thurber,  Schott.     (Mex.) 

§  2.    Column  not  longer  than  the  widely  open  petals. 

*  Flowers  small :  involucel  of  very  few  and  setaceous  bractlets  :  petals  only  quarter  or  half 
inch  long:  leaves  hardly  any  hastate.  (Like  the  preceding  extra-limital.) 
"R".  digitata,  Gray.  Roughly  stellular-pubescent,  paniculately  much  branched,  slender, 
probably  low  :  leaves  digitately  3-5-parted  into  lanceolate  or  linear  denticulate  divisions ; 
petioles  hispid :  flowers  racemose,  slender-peduncled  :  corolla  apparently  purplLsh :  capsule 
setose  at  the  angles;  seeds  glabrous.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  289.  —  Yatjui  River,  Sonora, 
Palmer.     (Mex.) 

TT.  Coulteri,  Gray.  Hispidulous  and  the  slender  low  stems  or  branches  sparsely  hispid  : 
leaves  small  (barely  inch  long),  cordate,  either  3-5-lobed  or  deeply  3-5-cleft :  peduncles 
mostly  axillary,  not  surpassing  the  petioles:  corolla  yellow  (?) :  capsule  setose  at  tlie 
angles;  seeds  glabrous.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  23. — Yaqui  River,  Sonora,  Palmer.^  (Sonora 
Alta,  Mex.,  Th.   Coulter.) 

1  Add  Meehan's  Monthly,  ii.  177,  t.  2. 

2  According  to  Dr.  E.  Palmer  the  fruit,  both  raw  and  cooked,  is  eaten  in  Texas,  where  it  bears  the 
name  of  "  May-apple." 

8  A  second  and  doubtful  form,  with  larger  more  deeply  5-7-parted  leaves,  has  since  been  coll.  by 
Dr.  Palmer,  near  Guaymas,  Mex.,  and  is  mentioned  by  Dr.  Watson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxiv.  41.  One 
or  both  these  forms  may  be  referable  to  K. pnlmnia,  Presl,  Bot.  Bemerk.  19  (K.  hispidula,  Garcke, 
Jahrb.  Bot.  Gart.  Berl.  i.  223) ;  see  Garcke  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xxi.  395. 


Hibhcus.  MALVACi:.!:.  333 

*  *  Floweralarger,  the  rose-colored  petals  an  inch  or  moro  in  longth:  hmctleU  of  involurel 
filiform  or  setaceous-suhulate,  rather  Hhortor  than  the  calvx  :  i*oo«l«  cAriuaU<ribbe<l  on  the 

l.aik. 

K.  smilacifolia,  Oka  v.  slender,  Rlahrous  or  barely  pul*erulent.  2  f«-ct  or  more  high  : 
leaves  all  but  the  lowtst  iiastate  with  lonf^  middle  lobo  linear-lanceolate  and  entire  or 
denticulate  and  the    lateral    lobes*  mo(*tly  linear:    branclu-M    few-tiiiwere<i  :    calvx    niinutrlv 

canesceut :   ca|i!*ule  his|)id,  angles  littler  salient;    seeds  nlabr<ju«,  very  obscunlv  linea(4>. 

n.  Wright,  i.  23;  Ciiaimi.  Fl.  ed.  2,  610.  I/ihisrus  (/'fri/iix/wrmiim)  imiliirifj.ut,  Shuttl. 
in  distr.  pi.  Hugel,  no.  l(«,. /('(/»■  (iray,  1.  c.  —  Low  grounds,  Ijctwecn  the  Mauale*  Kiver  rikI 
Sara/.ota  Bay,  S.  Florida,  Rmjil. 

K.  Virginica,  Pkksi,.  Stellular-jjuberulent,  cinereous  or  green,  atnl  iMimewhal  ncabnjuii, 
3  to  T)  feet  high  :  lower  leaves  corilate  and  often  angulate  or  coarsely  few  t<Mithed,  alsoiuTru- 
late :  upper  or  some  of  them  lanceolate-hastate  (2  to  6  inches  long),  the  lateral  loben  or 
auricles  short  and  triangular :  calyx  cauescent :  capsule  hirsute,  or  hispid  when  yming,  tlio 
rounded  lobes  slightly  larinate-aiigled  ;  seeds  as  of  the  j>reee<ling.  —  I'n-sl  in  (Jray,  fJen.  111. 
ii.  80,  t.  132;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2,  68;  C:hai)m.  Fl.  57,  partly.  Uilnsmx  I'lnjiuirut,  U.  Sfiec.  ii. 
697;  Jacq.  Ic.  Kar.  t.  142?  Torr.  Fl.  X.  Y.  i.  114.  //.  cli/i^alus  1  Walt.  Car.  177. 
//.  jientaspermiis,  Nutt.  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  v.  298.  Paroiiiti  Virginini,  Spreng.  Syst.  iii.  98. — 
Swamps  near  the  co:ist,  New  York  to  Louisiana.' 

K.  althesefolia,  Gr.vy.^  lioughish-tomentose  with  stellular  hairs  and  finer  down  and 
l)raiiclies  ruuglily  stellular-hirsute:  leaves  cordate,  acuminate,  and  np|MT  dvate-lanrenlate 
with  suhcordate  liase  and  usually  some  of  them  hiu*tate:  calyx  stellularhir>ute  as  well  as 
cauescent:  capsule  hirsute-hispid,  carinate-angled ;  .^eeds  glabrous,  striate-Iineate  on  the 
sides.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  23  (genus  indicated  but  no  specific  de.scr.),  &.  in  Wats.  Uibl.  Index,  136 
(first  publication  as  s])ecics).  A'.  Vin/inira,  var.  nlthnt j'olin,  Chapm.  Fl.  57.  A',  haftntn, 
Griseb.  Cat.  Cub.  28,  not  Presl.  Ifilnsnis  llifjiuirus,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  46;  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  167.  at 
least  partly.  //.  {Pfiiliisiximiim)  oliheitfoliiis,  Shuttl.  in  distr.  jd.  Kugil.  no.  102.  ?  Mulnt 
abuti/oidfis,  Pursh,  Fl.  ii.  454,  not  L.  —  Marshes,  chiefiy  along  the  vaoKt,  Cardiiia  to  FK(ri<la 
and  Texas.     (Cuba.) 

20.  HIBtSCUS,  L.  RosK  Mallow.  (Name  of  Dioscori.loH  for  Marsh 
Mallow.)  —  Herbs,  .shrubs,  or  even  trees,  of  wariii-teinperate  and  trojiirai  roun- 
tries,  mostly  witli  showy  flowers  produced  in  summer  and  autumn.  —  (Jen.  no. 
562  (exol.  syn.)  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  446;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  «1,  t.  i;}:3  (with  AM- 
moschus)  ;  Benth.  &,  Hook.  Gen.  i.  207. 

§  1.  EuHlBi'sCUS.  Calyx  5-cleft,  not  spathaoeous,  persistent,  as  al.-io  mostly 
the  distinct  bractlets  of  the  involucel :  capsule  simply  5-celled.  —  Hibiscus,  Kndl. 
Gen.  982  ;  Gray,  1.  c. 

*  MALVAviscofnES.  Corolla  cylindraceons,  the  petals  .strongly  convolute  and  envt  or  only 
at  summit  spreading,  but  not  anriculate  :  cidumn  at  length  exserteil :  seeds  rather  numer- 
ous, clothed  with  long  cottony  wo<d.  —  Part  of  Cnmnntiii,  DC.  of  liombicflla,  (irisoti. 

H.  tubiflorUS,  DC.  Frutescent  or  shrubby,  with  slender  branches,  hin«utely  stellular- 
pubescent  or  on  the  stems  hispidulous:  leaves  cordate  or  sultoonlate.  wrnite.  s«>metiine« 
angulate  or  3-lobed :  peduncles  recurving,  l-fiowered.  h«nger  than  the  jK'ti.des  and  upi^-r 
longer  than  the  leaves:  bractlets  of  the  involucel  about  10.  slender,  hanily  etjnallinir  the 
fructiferous  calyx:  corolla  bright  crim.son,  an  inch  long. —  PnMlr.  i.  447  ;  A.  DC.  Cal<(Ue« 
des  Dess.  t.  83;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  .Acad.  xxii.  .302.  //.  li<iiirr,>fh\inu>,  M.icf.idyen.  Fl.  Jam. 
70;  GrifJeb.  F"l.  W.' Ind.  85.  //.  tnnimtus.  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub.  144.  t.  16.  //.  I\rppi<iii, 
Garcke,  Jahresb.  Naturwiss.  Ver.   Halle,   1849-50,   133.     //.   Floridanu».  Shutll.  in  dirtr. 

1  A  specimen  somewhat  intermediate  as  to  pubescence  bt^wccn  this  specie*  and  K.  altkftr/olitt  hu 
been  collected  at  .Stockton.  Marvlaml,  bv  Rusbtj. 

2  This  name  is  arbitrarily  al'tereJ  to' A'.  nlth.ri/„lin  by  Dr.  Ruxby  (Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  224'.  who, 
overlooking  the  prior  publication  in  Watson's  Ilibl.  Index,  cites  the  species  as  Li*  own. 


334  MALVACE^.  Hibiscus. 

pi,  Rugel,  no.  104;  Chapm.  Fl.  58.  Achania  pilosa,  Swartz,  Prodr.  102,  &  FI.  Ind.  Occ. 
ii.  1224;  Ait.  Kew.  ii.  459.  A.  PcLppiyii,  iS-preug.  Syst.  iii.  100.  Malvavis-us  jiilosus,  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  445.  M.  Floriilanus,  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  vii.  89 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  229. — 
Keys  of  Florida.     ( W.  Ind.,  Mex.) 

#  *   BoMBicELLA,  DC.     Corolla  widely  spreading  in  authesis:  calyx  mostly  5-parted  or 
deeply  5-elet't :  seeds  rather  numerous,  bearing  lung  cottony  wool. 

H.  Coulteri,  Harvey.  Suffruticose  and  a  foot  or  more  high,  or  more  shrubby  and  6  to  8 
feet  high,  strigosely  liirsute  with  few-rayed  stellular  hairs:  leaves  (about  an  inch  in  diame- 
ter) of  rounded  or  ovate  outline ;  lowest  commonly  undivided,  cordate  or  ovate,  incisely 
serrate  and  slightly  lobed  ;  upper  3 -cleft  and  the  lobes  ovate  or  some  3-5-parted  into  narrower 
serrate  lobes,  sometimes  all  3-5-parted :  flowers  few,  long-pedunded  :  bractlets  of  the 
involucel  10  to  14,  linear-setaceous,  rigid,  inch  or  less  long,  about  the  length  of  the  attenuate- 
lanceolate  3-nerved  lobes  of  tiie  5-parted  calyx,  both  sparsely  hispid  with  simple  rigid  hairs: 
petals  broad,  inch  to  inch  and  a  half  long,  "lemon-  or  sulphur-yellow  and  commonly  purple- 
tinged  :  capsule  glabrous,  shorter  than  the  calyx.  —  Harvey  in  Gray,  I'l.  Wright,  i.  23.— 
W.  Texas  to  S.  Arizona  in  the  mountains,  Wright,  Thurber,  Havard,  &c.  (Adj.  Mex., 
Berlandier,  Th.  Coulter,  Gref/f/,  &c.) 

H.  RiBiFOLius,  Gray.i    Proc.  Am.  Acad.  v.  154,  is  a  nearly  related  species  of  Lower 
California  ;  also  H.  biseptus,  Wats.,  of  Chihuahua. 

H.  denudatus,  Besth.  Suffruticose,  a  foot  or  two  high,  canescent-tomeutose  :  leaves 
ovate  to  rotund,  slightly  if  at  all  cordate,  half  inch  or  inch  long,  slightly  .serrate  :  flowers 
short-pedunded  in  the  axils  and  conmionly  along  the  somewhat  naked  flexuous  summit  of 
the  branches :  involucel  of  4  to  7  short  setaceous  bractlets,  sometimes  half  the  length  of  the 
5-parted  canescent-tomeutose  calyx,  sometimes  shorter  or  almost  obsolete :  petals  lavender- 
purple,  half  inch  or  more  long :  capsule  nearly  glabrous.  —  Bot.  Sulph.  7,  t.  3  (a  more 
brauched  form,  leafy  to  the  top) ;  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  22,  var.  involccellAtcs  (form  with 
involucel  more  developed);  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  40.  — El  Paso,  borders  of  Texas  to 
Arizona,  and  borders  of  California.     (Lower  Calif.,  adj.  Mex.) 

*  *   *   Ketmia.     Corolla  spreading  or  open  in  anthesis  :  calyx  herbaceous,  applied  to  or 
filled  by  the  fruit:  seeds  from  glabrous  to  hirsute.  —  Ketmia,  Tourn.  Inst.  99,  t.  26. 

-i-  Calvx  5-parted  into  lanceolate  acuminate  spreading  lobes  in  the  manner  of  the  preceding : 
woulil  be  referred  to  that  .section  but  for  the  naked  seed. 
H.  cardioph^Uus,  Gray.  Herbaceous  from  a  lignescent  perennial  base,  canescent- 
tomeutose  :  stems  a  foot  or  more  high,  equably  leafy  to  top :  leaves  round-cordate,  obtu.se, 
more  or  less  crenate,  2  inches  or  less  wide,  slender-petioled :  peduncles  surpassing  the 
leaves:  involucel  of  about  10  spatulate-lanceolate  3-nerved  tomentose  bractlets,  rather 
shorter  than  the  calyx,  which  considerably  surpasses  the  glabrous  capsule :  petals  deep 
rose-red  or  "vermilion-red"  {Palmer),  an  inch  long:  seeds  ratlier  few,  puberulciit.  —  PI. 
Wright,  i.  22,  not  Baill.— S.  W.  borders  of  Texas,  Wright.  (Adj.  Mex.,  Th.  Coulter,  Ber- 
landier, Greyij,  &c.) 

-)—  -f—  Calyx  5-cleft  or  5-toothed,  campanulate. 
++  Shrub,  native  of  Armenia. 
H.  SvRfACDS,  L.  (Shrubby-  Altii.ea  of  gardeners.)  Tall  shrub,  nearly  glabrous:  leaves 
rhombic-ovate,  incisely  dentate,  mostly  3-lobed  :  flowers  short-peduucled  in  the  upper  axils: 
petals  often  2  inches  long,  ro.se-color,  varying  to  white,  dark  i)urple  at  base.  —  Spec.  ii.  605. 
—  Escaped  from  cultivation  in  some  parts  of  Atlantic  States,  but  hardly  naturalized  ;  -  fl.  late 
summer.     (Cult,  from  the  Old  World.) 

++  ++  Tall  perennial  herbs  (the  first  species  shrubby  in  the  tropics),  large-flowered. 

1  This  species,  rediscovered  at  San  -Ios(5  del  Cabo  by  Brnnrlegee,  is  to  be  distin£jui.«hed  by  its  pubes- 
cent capsule,  the  fruit  of  //.  Cotdteri  being  glabrous.  The  leaves  of  //.  ribifulius  are  spariiiirly  pubes- 
cent, even  in  the  type,  not  glabrous  as  originally  described,  and  the  flowers  are  sulphur-yellow  instead 
of  purple. 

2  Now  fully  naturalized  in  various  places  from  Pennsylvania  to  Georgia,  ace.  to  Dr.  Small. 


Ilihiscus.  iMAI.VACK.lO.  335 

==  Bractlets  of  the  involucel  filiform  or  nearly  8o,  niontly  2-forke<I  or  liilatod  at  tip,  or  with 
one  or  two  lateral  lohe.s  :  fiowen*  sliDrt-jM-diMKlcd  :  corolla  vl-IIow  :  ralyx  Mi<mtly  hiopid  or 
hirsute,  its  tube  10-riblied,  commonly  an  oldong  j^land  on  Ihi-  midrib  of  ihc  loUi»  .  cap- 
sule strigose-hispid ;  seeds  glai)ron». 

H.  furcellatus,  I^am.  Shruliliy,  minutely  tomentosf,  cint-rriiutt :  leaven  n.nlate.  rommonlv 
an^;ul:iU-  or  .i-lobed,  dentiiulaie  :  condla  .'J  inchcH  long:  calyx  ami  rapwuli-  inch  or  morn 
long.—  Diet.  iii.  :ibS;  Ciiapm.  VI  ed.  2,  GlO.  —  Siiures  of  Indian  Uivcr,  S.  Ih.rida,  fulmrr, 
t'uiliss;  porhajjs  adveutivc.     (Cuba.  S.  Am  ) 

H.  aculeatus,  Walt.  Herbaceous,  2  to  f.  feet  higii.  very  rough  hihj.idulous :  loavei*  Kn-<?n, 
roundish  in  outline,  lower  somewhat  cordalt!  or  riMiiforni  and  angulatc  or  .3  Itjiiod  ;  uptier 
.3-5-cleft  or  parted  into  obovate  or  s|iatulatc  or  narrower  an<l  often  Lieiniate-dentate  divi- 
sious:  petals  2  inches  long,  with  dark  ])urple  l);use.  —  Car.  177;  I'oir.  Supj)l.  iii.  220  ;  Torr. 
&Gray,  Fl.  i.  236.  //.  scaber,  .Michx.  Fl.  ii.  45;  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  IC'J.  —  Kdge.s  of  ^wamI».  S. 
Carolina  to  Florida  and  Louisiana. 

=  =  Bractlets  of  involucel  entire,  slender,  numerous:  flowers  moderately  long-|M>diin(  led  : 
stems  stout,  3  to  8  feet  high. 

a.  Herbage  tomentosc  or  cauesceut,  at  lea,-<t  the  lower  face  of  the  leaves  :  cai>snli.-  with  v.:i]\» 
hairy  inside  ;  seeds  glabrous,  concentrically  lineolate  when  dry,  at  full  maturity  minutely 

and  sparsely  papillose. 

H.*  lasiocarpos,  Cav.i  Stem  pubescent :  leaves  more  or  less  velvety-tomentose  lioth  »idc«, 
cordate  or  sul)curilate,  acuminate,  crenately  dentate,  some  angulate  or  slightly  S-lolK'd  (4  to 
6  or  larger  8  inches  long)  ;  upper  ones  often  ovate-lanceolate  :  bractlets  more  or  le.««s  ciliate 
with  villous  or  hirsute  hairs  :  calyx-loi)es  at  maturity  prominently  5-7-nerved  :  corolla  wliit« 
or  pale  rose-color  with  crimson  or  deep  purjde  centre,  the  j)etals  3  or  4  inches  long:  cn|n>ulo 
hirsute. —  Diss.  iii.  159,  t.  70,  f.  1  (oidy  uppermoi*t  leaves  figured);  Gray,  I'roe.  Am.  Acacl. 
xxii.  302  (excl.  syn.  //.  gnnnlijlorus):-  II.  i/ratKliflorus,  'I'orr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  172;  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  238,  in  part;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  102  ;  not  Michx. —  Marshes,  coa.«.t  of  Georgia 
to  Louisiana,  thence  north  to  Tennessee,  S.  Illinois,  S.  Mi.s.souri,  and  \V.  Arkan.«a«.'  I'ul**- 
cence  soft-velvety  :  the  species  westward  passing  into 

Var.  OCCidentalis,  Gray,  1.  c.  303.  Leaves  more  uniformly  cordate  :  capsule  le«a 
hirsute  i>ut  densely  i)ub(>scent.  — //.  Moxchentos  ?  var.  orcideiitaHs,  Torr.  Rot.  Wilkes  Kxjk"*!. 
256.  II.  Ca/i/orn'irns,  Kellogg.  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  S.i.  iv.  292;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Rot.  Calif,  i. 
87  ;  Wats.  ibid.  ii.  437.*  -  California  on  the  Sacrament<»  and  San  Joa<iuin ;  first  colL  by 
Pirkrrinf)  &  BrarJcenridge.     (Mex.  near  Janos,  Chihuahua,  Tltmlur.) 

H.*  grandiflorus,  Mirnx.  Stem  soon  glabrous  :  leaves  ample,  S-lobed,  covered  on  Imth 
surfaces  with  a  close  pale  tomentum,  cane.scent  beneath  ;  l<d)es  ovate,  irregularly  crenate  or 
even  incisely  serrate,  acute  :  bractlets  of  the  involucels  finely  tomentose  but  not  hispid-<iliate : 
corolla  very  large,  5  or  6  inches  long.  —  Fl.  ii.  46  ;  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  166  ;  Torr.  &  (Jniy.  Fl.  i.  23.'<, 
in  part.  //.  lasiorarpus,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  302,  303.  as  to  syn.  //.  uraiidijiorus.  — 
Rracki.sh  marshes.  Florida,  Michnux,  Ciirtisit,  Nash,  and  Georgia  Jide  Michaux,  who  also 
extends  the  range  westward  to  the  Mississippi. 

H.  Moscheutos,  L.  Leaves  canescent  beneath  with  minute  and  close  down.  less  so  or 
glahrate  and  green  above,  ovate  with  rounded  or  subcf>rdate  ba.se,  acuminate  ;  some  lower 
ones  angulately  3-.=)-lobed  and  incisely  dentate  and  uppermost  oblong-lanceolate  ;  ba.M«  of 
petiole  and  peduncle  not  rarely  connate:  bractlets  and  calyx  canescent  but  not  hairy  ;  IoIk»« 
of  the  latter  nearly  nerveless :  petals  2  to  4  inches  long,  light  r.>se-rolor  or  white,  with 
crim.son-purple  ba.se:  capsule  short-ovoid,  glabrous.  —  Si)ec.  ii.  693;  'I'orr.  &  (iniy.  Fl  i. 
237;  Grav,  Man.  1.  c,  &  Gen.  111.  ii.  t.  133.  //.  Mo'^rhntton,  &  //.  pnlustns.  L.  Sih-c.  ii.  69.1 
(Cornut.  Canad.  t.  145 ;  Moris.  Hist.  ii.  sect.  5,  t.  19.  f.  6) ;  Cav.  Diss.  iii.  t.  65 ;  Willd.  Spec. 

1  Description  and  svnonvmy  nlfered  to  exclude  the  next  following  upecies,  which,  as  Dr.  Small  haa 
pointed  out  (Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxiii.  127,  128),  is  with  little  doubt  distinct. 

2  Add  Watson,  Gnnl.  &  For.  i.  425. 

8  Also  in  Hemphill  and  Moore  Counties,  Texas,  Cnrltton,  Jide  Holzinpcr,  Contrib.  V.  S.  NaU 
Herb.  i.  203. 

*  Add  Watson,  Card.  &  For.  i.  fig.  68  on  p.  426  (without  varietal  name). 


336  MALVACEAE.  Hibiscus. 

iii.  806,  808.  B.  Moscheutos,  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  t.  286 ;  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  xxxiii.  t.  7 ; 
Fl.  Series,  xii.  t.  1233.1  H.  palustris,  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  882;  Liudl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1463; 
Jacksou,  Jour.  Linn.  Soc.  xix.  9.  //.  Carolinianus,  Chapni.  Fl.  58.  //.  roseus,  Thore  in 
Loisel.  Fl.  Gall.  ii.  434 ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  450 ;  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  t.  277 ;  &  H.  cnjuatictis, 
DC.  Fl.  Fr.  ed.  3,  vi.  627,  &  Prodr.  1.  c. ;  the  plant  nat.  in  S.  Eu. — Swamps,  mostly  brack- 
ish, Canada  near  L.  Erie  and  L.  Ontario,  to  Florida  and  E.  Texas,  but  chiefly  near  the 
coast. 
H.  incanus,  Wkvdl.  Leaves  mostly  ovate-lauccolate  and  merely  serrate  :  petals  sulpliur- 
yellow  with  crimson  ba.>;e :  otherwise  as  //.  Mosc/ieutos.  —  Bot.  Beub.  54,  &  Hort.  Ilerrenh. 
"fasc.  4,  8,  t.  24;  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  807  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  237;  Chapm.  Fl.  57.  —Swamps, 
S.  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Alabama ;  first  coll.  by  Bartram. 

b.  Herbage  glabrous  and  green  throughout,  very  smootii:  calyx  accrescent,  looser  and  thin- 
meml)ranaceous  in  fruit:  walls  of  capsule  (always  1)  glabrous  within  ;   seeds  pubescent. 

H.  COCCineus,  Walt.  Leaves  ample  ;  lower  palmately  or  pedately  5-7-parted  into  lanceo- 
late acuminate  divisions  (4  to  8  inches  long) ;  uppermost  hastately  3-cleft  or  ovate  and 
3-lobed,  with  middle  lobe  caudate-acuminate :  calyx  in  fruit  2  inches  long,  deeply  5-cleft, 
much  surpassing  the  glabrous  capsule,  the  lobes  triangular-lanceolate :  petals  deep  red, 
spatulate-obovate,  3  to  5  inches  long,  widely  spreading.  — Car.  177  ;  Bartr.  Trav.  104  ;  Torr. 
&  Gray,  Fl.  i.  238  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  58  ;  Meehan,  Native  Flowers,  ser.  1,  ii.  t.  1.  H.  speciosus, 
Ait.  Kew.  ii.  456;  Wendl.  "Hort.  Herrenh.  fasc.  2,  15,  t.  11  ";  Curtis,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  360; 
Michx.  Fl.  ii.  47  ;  Harton,  Fl.  N.  A.  i.  33,  t.  9.  —  Swamps  of  Georgia  and  Florida,  near  the 
coast;  first  coll.  by  Bartram.     (S.  Am.) 

Var.  integrifolius,  Chapm.     A  form  with  only  moderately  3-cleft  or  angulate-lobed 
but  more  serrate  leaves.  —  Fl.  ed.  2,  610.^  —  E.  Florida,  in  deep  marshes,  Chapman. 

H.  militaris,  Cav.  Less  tall :  leaves  mainly  hastate,  the  middle  lobe  ovate-lanceolate  and 
acuminate,  but  some  upper  ones  only  deltoid-  or  ovate-lanceolate,  and  lower  broadly  sub- 
cordate  and  3-cleft :  calyx  slightly  5-lobed,  becoming  oblong-campanulate  and  at  length 
ovoid,  loosely  enclosing  the  puberulent  or  glabrous  capsule,  the  lobes  incumbent :  petals 
pale  flesh-color  with  purple  base,  broad,  2  or  3  inches  long,  moderately  spreading  from  erect 
base.  —Diss.  vi.  352,  t.  198,  f.  2;  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  808;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2385  ;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  238.  H.  laevis,  "Scop.  Del.  Flor.  iii.  35,  t.  17."  H.  Virginicus,  Walt.  Car.  177, 
not  L.  H.  hastaliis,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  45.  //.  riparius,  Pers.  Syn.  ii.  254.  H.  Carolinianus, 
Muhl.  Cat.  63,  &  probably  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  168.  —  Wet  banks  of  rivers,  Pennsylvania  to  Minne- 
sota and  southward  to  Florida  and  Texas. 
H.  Rosa-Sinensis,  L.      Shrub  with  very  smooth   green  leaves   and  large   intensely  red 

flowers,  may  sometimes  escape  from  cultivation  in  S.  Florida  and  S.  Texas,  but  hardly. 

*  *  *  *  Trionitm,  DC.  Corolla  rotately  spreading,  open  only  for  a  few  hours  in  sun- 
shine :  calyx  vesicular-inflated  and  closed  over  the  globular  capsule :  seeds  not  woolly.  — 
Trionum,  Medic.  Malv.  46. 

H.  Tri^ncm,  L.  (Flower-of-an-hour.)  Annual,  low,  sparsely  hispid  or  glabrate:  lowest 
leaves  round  or  cordate  and  3-lobed  ;  upper  3-5-parted  into  cuneate-oblong  or  spatulate  and 
incised  divisions,  the  middle  one  of  upper  leaves  longer  and  lanceolate  :  calyx  soon  scarious 
and  green-nerved  :  corolla  sulphur-color  or  nearly  white  with  a  brown-purple  eye :  seeds 
muricate-papillose.  —  Spec.  ii.  697  ;  Curtis,  Bot.  Mag.^.  209  ;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  v. 
t.  181.  //.  ColUnsiana,  Xutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  237,  as  to  pi.  Ware.  U.  pallidus,  Raf. 
Jide  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  135.  —  Spontaneous  about  gardens,  and  especially  in  the  Mississippi 
Val.  becoming  a  troublesome  weed  on  cultivated  ground.     (Nat.  from  Eu.,  &c.) 

§  2.  Abelmoschus.  Calyx  spathaceon.s,  5-toothed,  splitting  down  one  side 
and  deciduous  from  or  near  the  base  :  bractlets  distinct,  often  deciduous  :  capsule 
5-celled,  many-seeded.  —  §  Manihot  and  part  of  Abelmoschus,  DC.  Abelmoschus, 
Medic.  Malv.  45.     Introduced  tropical  annuals. 

1  Add  Meehan's  Monthly,  ii.  161,  t.  11. 

2  Add  syn.  H.  semilobatus,  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  3,  52. 


Cienfucjosia.  M  ALVAC'K.i:.  337 

H.  MAnihot,  L.  Tall  and  stout,  glalirouw,  wiili  Home  lirLstly  hairs  on  tlic  linmrhfn  and  HtaiU: 
leaves  large,  ])aliiiately  or  jiedalelv  5-'J-|jarted  into  Ion;;  and  narrow  ioU-s  :  l.r.K  tU-l*  til.U.ng- 
lanceolate,  persistent  for  some  lime  :  lorolia  4  or  T)  in.iii!*  in  diameter,  pali-  yi  Uow  or  blraw- 
color  with  a  dark  purple  i-ye  :  capsule  oldong,  liisj.id,  es|)ctially  on  tin-  an'gl.-H.  —  .'^jR-f.  ii. 
696  ;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  45  ;  Sims,  Hot.  Mag.  t.  I7i)2,  &  Hook.  Hot.  Mag  t.  .-Mil'  (the  var.  /«./m«. 
<«A-,  witii  upper  leaves  cleft  into  ovate-lameolato  inci.Hely  herrate  lolien) ;  Torr.  &  (;rav,  Kl. 
i.  2.J6.  //.  Culllnsidiia,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  '2'.il,  partly.  —  Sparing! v  Mp<intaneou»  iu  most 
soutlierly  Atlantic  States.     (Nat.  ?  from  S.  K.  Asia.) 

H.  E.SCLLESTL-.S,  L.  (Okka,  Go.muo.)  Low,  liairy  or  glahrate.  not  liristly  :  leav.-H  njunUwl 
and  5-lol)ed,  lol)es  broad  :  Howers  on  short  stout  pedunelus:  hmctlets  narrowly  linear,  cadu- 
cous :  corolla  3  or  4  inches  in  diameter,  yellow,  with  purple  eye  :  capsule  ohlong-lan<-eolttUj 
or  narrower,  4  to  6  iuches  long  (when  young  and  mucilaginous  used  foro/l/aor  7'»»/i/«noup). 
—  Spec.  ii.  61)6  ;  Cav.  Di.ss.  t.  61  ;  Desc.  Fl.  Aut.  iv.  t.  269.  //.  Collinsiamt,  Torr.  &  (;niv. 
1.  c.  partly,  not  ^■utt.  —  Kather  cult,  than  nat.  in  S.  Atlantic  States.  (Nat.?  from  Africa 
via  W.  Ind.) 

§3.  Paritium.  Involucel  a  campanulate  8-1 0-toothed  or -cleft  cup:  calyx 
5-cleft :  capsule  with  the  5  cells  more  or  less  bilocellate  by  a  dorsal  thin-nicm- 
branaceous  and  indehiscent  bilamellar  intruded  false  partition  ;  seeds  num<'rous  : 
stipules  oblong,  caducous.  —  Paritium,  A.  Juss.  in  St.  llil.  Fl.  Bras.  Mirid.  i.  2.')'t. 
—  Tropical  trees  or  high  shrubs  :  yield  Cuba  bast,  &c. 

H.  TiLiAcEis,  L.  Leaves  ample,  round-cordate,  short-acuminate,  entire  or  ohscurelv  crenat*-, 
glabrous  or  glabrate  above,  tomentulose-canescent  beneath,  and  liearing  a  linear  gland  on 
ba.se  of  one  or  more  of  the  ribs  :  involucel  and  calyx  persistent:  petals  yellow,  hardlv  over 
2  inches  long :  seeds  glabrous  or  merely  pulierulcnt.  —  Spec.  ii.  694;  De.sc.  Fl.  Ant.  ii.  t. 
148;  Chapm.  Fl.  58.  Paritium  tiliacenm,  A.  Juss.  in  St.  llil.  Fl.  Hras.  .Mcr.  i.  255;  Gri.<el>. 
Fl.  W.  Ind.  86.  —  Keys  of  S.  Florida;  prol)ably  a  natural  introduction  from  W.  In<l.  (All 
tropical  shores,  probably  of  Old  World  origin,  while  the  large-flowered  hairj-.seeded  //. 
I'lalus,  Swartz,  is  iniiigeuous  in  America.) 

21.  THESPfiSIA,  Solander.  (©co-Trt'o-io?,  divine  or  excellent.)  —  Mo.stly 
tropical  trees  or  shrubs,  with  ample  cordate  and  entire  leaves,  and  large  Howt-rs ; 
habit  of  Bibiscus,  §  Paritium.  —  Solander  in  Correa,  Ann.  Mus.  Par.  ix.  290, 
t.  8,  f.  2 ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  208.     Malvaviscus,  Ga^rtn.,  not  Dill. 

T.  POP^TLNEA,  Solander,  1.  c  Low  tree  :  leaves  green,  barely  puberulent :  1 -flowered  jieduncle.s 
shorter  than  the  petioles:  petals  2  inches  long,  yellow  and  puridisii :  fruit  globose,  over  an 
inch  in  diameter.  —  DC.  Prodr.  i.  456;  Wight,  Ic.  i.  t.  8  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  87.  Ilihisrus 
popnlncus,  L.  Spec.  ii.  694;  Cav.  Diss.  iii.  t.  56,  f.  1.  —  Keys  of  Florida,  Curliss ;  probably 
introduced  from  W.  Ind.     (Most  tropical  shores,  probably  of  Old  World  origin.) 

22.  CIENFUEGOSIA,  Cav.  (B.  Cienfuegos,  a  Spanish  l)otanist  of  the 
time  of  Bauhin.)  — SulTrutico.se  or  suffrutcscent  plant,s,  with  the  habit  of  the 
smaller  Bihisci,  mostly  yellow-flowered.  —  Cav.  Diss.  iii.  174,  t.  72,  f.  2.  Fugosia, 
Ju.ss.  Gen.  274  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  208.  Cienfuegia,  Willd.  Spec  iii.  72:1. 
Redoutea,    Vent.    Descr.    PI.    Nouv.    Jard.    Cels,    t.    11.      [Htvi.>;ed  by    B.   L. 

ROBINSOX.] 

C*  sulphurea,  Gaucke.  Ilorbaoeous  or  nearly  so,  almost  glabrous:  stems  ascending, 
barelv  a  foot  high  :  leaves  oval,  inch  or  two  long,  repand-dcntate,  rather  long-|)eti<d«Ml ;  j)e- 
dnncies  about  erinalling  tlie  sul)tending  leaves:  involucel  of  7  to  '.t  linear  or  ."palul.-ito- 
lance(date  bractlets,  little  shorter  than  the  deejdy  5-cleft  calyx  :  petals  gn»enish  yellow  or 
suli)liur-yellow,  nearly  inch  long:  stigmas  4  or  5:  cap.<?ule  globular,  glabnms;  hccIk  2  in 
each  cell,  tomentulose. —  Bonidandia,  viii.  1.50;  Morong  &  Hritton,  Ann.  N.  V.  Arad.  S<i. 
vii.  60.  Fugosia  sulfiirrn,  St.  llil.  Fl.  Hr:is.  Merid.  i.  252,  t.  49.  /'.  !>rummon<ti{.  Gray.  I'l 
Wright,  i.  23  &  ms.  of  present  work  ;  J.  G.  Smith,  Kep.  Mo.  Hot.  Card.  vi.  113,  t.  49.     /.7i- 


338  MALYACE.E.  Cienfueyosia. 

durandia  Texana,  Buckley,  Proc.  Acad.  Pliilad.  1861,450. — Texas,  Gonzales,  Drummond, 
Corpas  Christi,  Heller,  aud  lower  Rio  Graude,  Gen.  Eutun.  (Also  S.  Brazil  and  Paraguay, 
Moromj.) 
C*  heterophylla,  Garcke,  1.  c.  Shrubby,  with  slender  spreading  branches,  almost  gla- 
brous :  leaves  ironi  oval  to  linear-lanceolate  and  linear,  entire,  or  some  coarsely  3-5-toothed, 
etjualled  or  .surpassed  by  the  peduncle,  this  clavate  at  summit :  involucel  of  very  few  aud 
minute  subulate  bracelets  or  nearly  obsolete  :  calyx  dark-dotted,  5-parted  :  petals  half  inch 
long,  yellow  with  purple  base  :  stigmas  and  valves  of  capsule  3  or  4  ;  seeds  few,  densely 
woolly.  —  Fugosia  hetetophj/lla,  Spach,  Hist.  Veg.  iii.  397  ;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4218  ;  Chapm. 
Fl.  ed.  2,  609.  Redoutea  helerophi/lla,  Yeut.  1.  c. ;  DC.  1.  c.  457.  —  Keys  of  Florida,  where 
first  coll.  by  Blodc/ett.     (W.  lud.,  S.  Am.) 

23.  INGENHOtJZIA,  DC.  (Br.  John  Ingenhousz,  distinguished  vege- 
table physiologist.) —  Prodr.  i.  474.  I'Imvberia,  Gray,  PI.  Thurb.  308;  Torr. 
Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  40,  t.  6.  (Bractlets  of  involucel  not  cordate,  as  inadvertently 
stated  in  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  209.) 

I.  triloba,  DC.  1.  c.  Suffrutescent  perennial,  4  to  10  feet  high,  glabrous  througliout,  with 
.slender  branches  :  leaves  3-parted  or  some  pedately  5-parted  into  lanceolate  acuminate  entire 
divisions,  or  uppermost  entire  and  lanceolate,  slender-petioled,  black-dotted  as  also  branchlets : 
stipules  small  and  very  caducous  :  peduncles  axillary  and  above  subcorymbose  :  petals  wliite 
turning  rose-color,  dark-dotted,  inch  long:  capsule  half  inch  long.  —  A.  DC.  Cah^ues  des 
Dess.  p.  6,  note.  Thurheria  thespesioides,  Gray,  1.  c.  Gossypium  Tliurberi,  Todaro,  I'rodr. 
Gossyp.  7,  &  Rel.  Cult.  Coton.  120.  —  Canons  of  S.  Arizona.  (Adjacent  States  of  Mexico; 
first  rediscovered  by  Thuj-ber.) 

24.  GOSStTIUM,  L.  Cotton.  (The  late  Latin  name  of  Cotton  plant.) 
—  Tropical  herbs  or  shrubs,  cult,  as  annuals  in  warm-temperate  regions,  of  a 
very  uncertain  number  of  ill-defined  species  ;  ours  probably  two,  which  have  been 
intermixed  by  crossing,  having  palmately  3-o-lobed  leaves  and  corolla  sulphur- 
color  or  whiter,  changing  to  rose-color  at  or  before  fading.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1, 
&  Gen.  no.  559  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  209.^ 

G.  herbAcedm,  L.  (Upland  Cotton.)  Herbaceous  as  cultivated,  either  pubescent  or  gla- 
brous :  leaves  with  broadly  ovate  lobes  :  bractlets  of  the  involucel  roundish,  much  shorter 
than  the  corolla  :  capsule  globular  ;  seeds  with  a  close  persistent  wool  under  the  long  cotton. 
—  Spec.  ii.  693.  —  Cultivated  through  S.  Atlantic  States,  &c. ;  and  a  form  of  it  (G.  i-eligio- 
sum,  Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.  iii.  185,  Nankin  Cotton)  with  tawny  cotton,  frutescent  and  run  wild 
on  the  coast  of  Florida  and  Texas,  probably  from  W.  Indies. 

G.  Barbadense,  L.  1.  c.  Larger,  from  herbaceous  to  shrubby :  leaves  deeper  cleft  and  with 
longer  more  tapering  lobes :  bractlets  of  the  involucel  usually  longer  and  more  incised : 
petals  with  a  deep  crimson  spot  at  base :  capsule  larger,  ovoid  and  pointed ;  seeds  smooth 
and  naked  when  separated  from  the  long  cotton.  —  Cult,  on  the  coast,  as  Sea-island  Cotton, 
also  upland.     Of  American  origin. 


ORDER    XXVII.     STERCULIACE^. 

By  A.  Gray;  the  genus  Nephropetalum  by  B.  L.  Robinson. 

Trees,  shrubs,  or  herbs  (chiefly  tropical  or  subtropical),  with  general  characters 
of  Malvacece,  except  that  the  anthers  are  of  two  (or  three)  parallel  cells  and  ex- 

1  Add  Schumann  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  6,  51.  An  extended  scientific  and 
economic  treatment  of  the  cultivated  species  of  cotton  has  recently  been  issued  from  the  Office  of  Ex- 
periment Stations,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric,  as  Bull.  33. 


Hermannia.  STERCULIA(  K.K.  330 

trorse,  the  stamens  not  rarely  redueed  to  five,  iIr-sc  (or  tin-  ph:ilaii;,'fh)  o|)|K)hiie  the 
petals  or  the  jjlace  of  tliose  when  wautuig,  as  in  SlerruUeit.  'lliib  tribe  in  repre- 
sented by  Sterculia  {Firmiami)  platnnlj'oUa,  of  China,  &e,,  honn*tiuie«  planted 
southward,  remarkable  for  havin;^  its  large  and  thin  follich-s  op<,-nin;,'  long  before 
maturity  into  a  kind  of  h-af  bearing  two  or  three  large  seeds  on  the  e<lgei».  Tho 
few  N.  Amtjrican  members  of  the  order  are  of  two  tribes. 

TuiBE  I.  IIEUMANNIK.E.  Flowers  iH-rfcct,  rwiminms.  IV-tals  plane,  Ktron^Iy 
convolute  in  ;estivation,  usually  niarcesueut. 

1.  HERMANNIA.  Calyx  deeply  5<U!ft  I't'tals  erect,  ohovate,  with  iiivolut«  rlawn. 
Staiiiciis  5,  with  no  trace  of  a  second  series  ;  filuiiieiitH  nioiiadel|iti<>tif«at  liiute,  uiia|i[><-iulaKo<l. 
Ovary  5-celled,  inaiiy-ovulfd  ;  styles  filifunn,  lonniveiit,  l»iil  little  if  at  all  united.  ('a|iHul« 
6-celkd,  luculicidal ;  seeds  reuiforni,  wiiii  a  strongly  arcuate  narrow  embryo  in  copious 
Hesliy  aU)uuien. 

2.  MELOCHIA.  Calyx  Snleft.  Tetals  spatulate  or  oblong.  SUinieuH  5,  nionadel|ihou» 
below,  sometimes  as  many  interjiosed  short  teeth  between  the  filaments.  Ovary  Swelled,  a 
pair  of  ovules  in  each  cell;  styles  slender,  united  below,  nearly  distinct.  Seeds  mostly  mili- 
tary in  each  cell  of  the  5-angled  capsule ;   embryo  straight  in  fleshy  albumen,  with  broad 

Hat  cotyledons. 

3.  WALTHERIA.  Calyx  5-toothed,  turbinate,  10-nerved.  Petals  spatulate.  Stamenn  5  ; 
no  intermediate  teeth.  I'istil  of  a  single  carjiel ;  ovary  2-ovuled,  i>ut  biwer  ovule  infertile  ; 
style  eccentric,  filiform ;  stigma  penicillate.  Follicle  akene-like,  usually  dehiscent  length- 
wise; seed  (ascending)  and  eml)ryo  as  iu  Melochia. 

Tribe  II.  BUETTXEKIE.E.  Flowers  perfect.  Petals  ligulate  and  cucullate. 
Sterile  stamens  (staniinodia)  alternate  with  the  fertile  series  at  summit  of  stamen- 
tube.     (Here  Theobronia,  the  chocolate-tree.) 

4.  AYENIA.  Calvx  5-partcd.  Petals  with  a  long  concave  claw,  Itearing  an  nrceolate  hood 
at  the  iuflexed  apex,  which  is  more  or  less  adnate  with  the  urceolate  summit  of  tho  stamen- 
tube.  Fertile  stamens  5,  one  in  each  sinus  between  truncate  staniinodia  ;  antherx  nhort.  of 
three  parallel  cells!  Ovary  stipitate,  5-celled,  a  pair  of  ovules  in  each  cell;  styles  unitvd 
into  one,  bearing  a  capitate  or  5-lobed  stigma.  Capsule  globular,  muricaie.  5-<elled ;  the 
five  1-seeded  carpels  iu  dehiscence  separating  from  a  central  cUinin  and  septici.lally  from 
each  other,  tiien  locniicidally  2-valved  ;  seeds  transversely  rugose  ;  albumen  none ;  embryo 
straight,  but  the  orbicular  cotyledons  longitudinally  convolute. 

5.  NEPHROPETALUM.  Calyx  5-parted.  Petals  unguiculate  ;  blade  concave,  renif.>rm, 
with  deep  sinus,  free  at  the  apex,"neither  a]»pendaged  nor  glandular.  Stamens  and  sumino- 
dia  as  in  the  last  preceding  genus.  Ovary  sessile,  globose,  5-celle.l ;  cells  2-ovuled  :  styles 
simple,  bearing  capitate  stigma.  Capsule  globular,  muricate  with  pul)escent  pr.K-esses  ;  r.-lls 
by  abortion  1-seeiled. 

1.    HERMANNIA,  Tourn.      (Paul  Hermamu  professor  at   L«ydiii,  who 

sent  the  first   species   to  Tournefort.)  —  Inst.  GoG,  t.  432;    Dill.   Kith.  t.  147; 

L.  Gen.  no.  551  ;   Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  87,  t.  135.  —  Large  African  (chit-Hy  CajH-) 

genus  of  frutescent  plants,  a  few  Mexican,  and  the  following  on  our  l>orders. 

H.   Texana    Cray.      Low,  suffrutescent,  tomentoseH-anescent   with  stellular  pu»M-!Mcncc : 

stipules  iiiin'ute,  deciduous;  leaves  roundish  and  subcordato,  otwicurely  serrate,  inch  or  two 

long  :  short  axillarv  peduncles  looselv  few-tlowered  ;  pedicels  recurved  in  fruit  :  iM-taU  dull 

scarlet,  4  lines  long:  anther-cells  with  tapering  tii)s:  capsule  globular,  somewhat  inllat.Ml. 

lialf  inch  or  le.'^s  long,  villose-tomentose,  short-stipitate  ;  valves  crested  on  the  lack  wuh 

soft  filiform  proces.ses;  seeds   coarsely  favose.  -  (Jen.   111.  ii.  S8.  t.    I.r'.    (tigun-   «r..Mg   m 

representing  sprea.ling  i.etals,  single  style,  and  erect  cap.sules).  PI.  !..ndh.  pt   2.  165.  All. 

Wright,  i.  24.-Kocky  soil,  S.  and  W.  Te.xas,  Btrlamha;  Wright,  Lmdk»mrr.t,c.     (Adj. 

Mex.J 


340  STERCULIACE.E.  Hi 


ermannia. 


H.  pauciflora,  Watson.  Lower,  diffuse,  cinereous-tomentulose  or  partly  glabrate :  leaves 
smaller,  deltoid- or  olilongovate,  serrulate:  peduucles  1 -flowered  :  petals  2  or  3  lines  long, 
yellow:  antlier  cells  blunt:  capsule  oval  and  deeper-lobed,  glabrate,  more  vescicular, 
minutely  toothed  along  the  edges  of  the  valves. — Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  368.  —  Mountains 
near  Tucson,  S.  Arizona,  Pringle,  Lemmon.     (Mex.,  Palmer.)  .  * 

2.  MELOCHIA,  Dill.  (From  meluchlye  or  meluchta,  the  Arabic  name  of 
the  orit'utal  pot-herb  Corchorus  olitorius,  L.,  but  borrowed  by  the  Arabs,  through 
the  Syriac,  from  the  Greek  fiakdxr]  or  fioXoxr),  the  mallow.)  —  Elth.  221,  t.  17(5 ; 
L.  Gen.  no.  553  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  93  ;  Schumann  in  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xiii. 
pt.  3,  27.  — Tropical  genus,  barely  on  southern  borders :  flowers  heterogone- 
dimorphous,  small. 

§  1.  EuMELOCHiA,  Griseb.  1.  c.  Capsule  pyramidal,  simply  loculicidal  through 
the  salient  or  wing-like  angles  :  no  involucellate  bractlets  :  calyx  not  enlarging  : 
leaves  mainly  with  prominent  and  straight  pinnate  veins.  —  Melochia,  DC.  Prodr. 
i.  490;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  85,  t.  134.  (Sectional  name  not  well  chosen,  for 
type  of  genus  is  of  next  section.) 

M.  pyramidata,  L.  Barely  suffrutescent  or  even  annual,  glabrous :  branches  slender  : 
leaves  olilong-lanceolate  or  lower  obloug-ov.ate,  serrate,  thin  :  peduncles  terminal  or  opposite 
the  leaves,  loosely  I -few-flowered :  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  subulate-acuminate,  shorter  than 
the  rose-  or  violet-red  corolla :  filaments  monadelphous  only  at  base :  capsule  almost  vesicu- 
lar, the  wing-like  angles  with  a  salient  point  at  base.  —  Spec.  ii.  674  ;  Cav.  Diss.  t.  172,  f.  1  ; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  86,  t.  134,  &  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  165.  Sida  Sabeuna,  Buckley,  Proc.  Acad. 
Phil'ad.  1861 ,  449.  —  Texas,  in  rocky  soiL     (All  trop.  Am.) 

M.  tomentosa,  L.  Shrubby,  finely  tomentose-canesceut :  leaves  rather  firm,  strongly 
plicate-veined,  ovate  to  oblong,  crenate  or  serrate :  flowers  more  numerous  and  clustered  : 
stamens  monadelphous  higher  up:  capsule  tomentulose,  with  salient  angles  rounded  or 
obtusely  pointed  at  base.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  1140  (Sloane.  Hist.  t.  139) ;  Cav.  Diss.  t.  172, 
f.  2  ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  40.  M.  crenata,  Vahl,  Symb.  iii.  t.  68.  — Near  the  lower  Rio 
Grande,  Berlandier,  Schott.     (Trop.  Am.) 

§  2.  RiEDLEA,  Griseb.  1.  c.  Capsule  globular  and  obscurely  or  moderately 
5-lobed,  loculicidal  and  at  length  also  mostly  septicidal  into  half  valves  :  involucel 
of  3  or  more  slender  bractlets  usually  surpassing  the  unchanged  calyx :  venation 
commonly  of  the  preceding.  —  Riedlea,  Vent.  Choix  Cels,  t.  37.  Riedleia,  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  490,  excl.  spec.     Melochia,  Dill.  Elth.  221,  t.  176. 

M.  hirsuta,  Cav.  Suffmticose  or  herbaceous,  2  to  4  feet  high,  in  the  type  silky-villous 
rather  than  hirsute :  leaves  short-petioled,  from  ovate-lanceolate  or  ovate-subcordate  to 
oblong,  serrate,  often  doubly  serrate :  flowers  in  small  capitate  clusters  in  axils  of  upper 
leaves  (mostly  reduced  to  bracts),  therefore  interruptedly  terminal-spicate :  calyx  short- 
campanulate  and  with  short  ovate  subulate-pointed  lobes:  corolla  (anthesis  matutinal) 
purple  or  violet :  stamens  in  short-styled  flowers  distinct  to  below  the  middle,  in  the  cajiillarv 
long-styled  monadelphous  throughout :  capsule  hirsute.  —  Diss.  vi.'323,  t.  17.5,  f.  1  ;  Tiiana  & 
Planch.  Fl.  Nov.  Gran.  213 ;  Schumann,  1.  c.  4.5.  M.  serrata,  St.  Hil.  &  Naud.  Ann.  Sci.  Nat. 
ser.  2,  xviii.  36.  Af.  serrata,  &  M.  hirmta,  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  93,  94,  the  two  heterogone 
forms !  Riedlea  serrata.  Vent.  Choix  Cels,  37,  t.  37.  R.  elonfjnta,  Presl,  Kel.  Ilaenk.  ii.  148, 
but  not  "California  ad  Monterey."  Mougeotia  hirsuta,  HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  331. 
(Trop.  Am  ) 

Var.  glabrescens,  Gray.  Thin-leaved  and  thinly  pube.^cent.  —  Gray  in  Patterson, 
Check-list,  1892,  p.  1 7,  name  only.  J^frhchia  serrata,  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  610.  .1/.  hirsuta,  var. 
Regnellii,  Schumann,  1.  c.  t.  10,  nearly.  Riedlea  serrata,  var.  glabrescens,  Presl,  1.  c.  147,  by 
character.  —  Low  pine  barrens,  S.  Florida,  Garter,  Citrtiss,  &c. 


Ncphropetalum.  STKKCl'LI  ACK.t.  341 

M.  c<>kcuurik6lia,  L.  Ilcrtiaceuus,  Hlightly  hiHpi(iulou»-pube»reiit  or  aliiKMit  glabruu* : 
leaves  uvuto  ur  siibeurdiite,  thin,  more  liHjhely  veined,  rnontly  Ion;;  |ictiule«l :  l1«Meri>  ni|tiiai(>. 
clustered  at  leafy  summit  uf  Htem  or  Hliort  branchletx  :  itcialit  ^mull(•r,  \mlv  purpU'  with 
yellow  claw.s.  —  Spec.  ii.  675  (I'iuk.  Aim.  t.  44.  f.  5;  Dill.  Klili.  t.  17r,),  ,|/,  l„rtuta,  (luipm. 
1.  c. ;  Curtiss,  distr.  no.  400.  —  StrectH  of  Mobile,  Suvannuli,  and  in  ricoficid  cmljuiknteuu, 
Georgia,  Feay,  Curtiss.     (Xat.  from  India.) 

3.  WALTHfiRIA,  L.     {A.  F.  Walther,  pruf.sM.r  in  L.Mi.hic.)  — TmiMoil 

and  sul>tri)|)i(:il   MiHrulicoso  phiuts :    the  coimuuu  hpcnich  uf  wurltl-wide  ilihtrihu- 
tiou  :    sinall-lluwL'iLMl.  —  Geu.  no.  ;jr>2. 

"W.  Americana,  L.  Canesceul-tomentose  liccoming  fiilvoutt:  leave-t  from  o\nt«-  to  niir- 
rowly  oMong,  serrulate,  plicate-veined:  (lowers  in  dense  a.xillary  fjlomerulen,  hIiIiIi  are 
sometimes  all  sessile,  sometimes  pedunculate  and  tin  ii  often  ('om]H>nnd  :  bnictletx  and  ralvx- 
lobes  subulate,  liirsute-villous.  —  Spec.  ii.  67.3;  DC.  I'rodr.  i.  A'ri;  Chnpm.  ¥\.  5'J.  —  Ke)»  of 
l-'loiida.     (Most  tropics.) 

"W.  detonsa,  Gkav.  Minutely  canc.xccnt,  low  and  diffu.se  :  leaves  round-oval  Uj  oblong, 
somewhat  serrulate,  thin,  with  few  and  slender  jirimary  veins  :  (lowers  in  Binall  1<j«*o 
glonjerules,  some  few  se.-^sile  in  axils,  mostly  interruptedly  spicate  or  concatenate  on  ^lend^•r 
peduncle  or  along  slender  summit  of  stems:  calyx  and  oviiry  minutely  canewent.  —  I'l. 
Wright,  ii.  24;  Torr.  Hot.  Mex.  Bound.  40. —S.  Ari/.ona,  'r/imUr,  W'riijht,  I^mmun.  (Ailj. 
Mex.) 

4.  AY!fiNIA,  L<pf1.  {Due  d'Ayen,  hoiwww-A  patron.)  —  SnfTruticosf.  hniall- 
Howered,  all  from  warm  parts  of  AnR-rica,  iMiplidrliiaccons  in  liaMt.  IVfiicU 
axillary.— It.  199;  L,  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  Kt,  1217.  v.S:  Gt-n.  ed.  0,  no.  Ki^U;  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  487  ;  Scliumann,  1.  c.  101. 

A.  pusilla,  L.  Low  and  diffuse  from  a  ligneous  base,  pubcrulent :  leaves  most  variable, 
from  orliicular  or  subcordate  to  narrowly  lanceolate,  .sernite  or  wnnelimes  entire,  fmm  a 
quarter  to  inch  and  a  half  long,  slender-petioled  :  (lowers  solitary  or  2  or  3  in  Hhort-|Kxluncle«l 
fascicle:  petals  with  nearly  capillary  claws  and  with  a  dorsal  appendage  to  the  IkmnI  : 
stamineal  column  slender  ami  .tt  summit  ai»ruptly  cup-sh.iped.  its  sterile  1oIm-s  roundish, 
much  longer  than  the  anthers:  ovary  shorter  than  its  slender  sti|>o.  which  in  fruit  is  «»f 
variable  length.  — Act.  Stock.  1756,  2.3,  t.  2  (Lcefl.  It.  200),  &  Sjk'c.  ed.  2,  ii.  U:A;  Cav. 
Diss.  V.  289,  t.  147;  Gray,  I'l.  Wright,  i.  24,  ii.  24;  Schumann,  1.  c.  105.  t.  24  —  Key  Wot. 
Florida,  and  southern  borders  of  Texas,  Arizona,  and  California.     ( W.  Ind.,  Mox.  to  Brazil.) 

A.  microph:^lla,  Gray,  11.  cc.  Woody  and  rigid,  a  foot  or  less  high,  rane.scent  with 
stellular  imlic-cence:  leaves  orbicular  or  round-cordate,  2  or  .3  line-*  long,  dent.ito :  Howent 
mo.stly  solitary  in  the  axils,  short-pedicelled  :  Ikjo.I  or  limb  of  pet.-ils  without  dorsal  ap|M-n- 
dage:  stamineal  column  short  and  wh(dly  cup  shaped;  it,s  sterile  lol)08  thick,  notcluil  at 
summit  and  surmounted  by  a  rcflexed  acuminate  appendage:  ovary  and  capnule  shortly 
stipitate.  —  Rockv  ravines,  southwest  borders  of  Tex.xs  to  S.  Arizona,  Wright,  I'ringlt. 
(Adj.  Mex.) 

5.  NEPHROP^ITALUM,  Robinson  &  Grocnman.  (N<«/)p<k.  kidney, 
Trirahn;  petal. )  — St(,llate-t()iiRiitulo.se  slirul)  witli  simple  ovat.-  pt-tiolatf  crt-nati- 
dentate  leaves  and  very  small  flowers  in  pcdnnenlate  axillary  few-tU>\veri-<l 
umbellifnrm  cymes.  —  A  single  species  of  the  habit  of  Aijrnut  and  reontly 
di.'^cov.red  on  the  Texan  frontier.  [Ry  B.  L.  Robinson.] 
N.*Pringlei,  Kobinson  &  Gukksman.     Stems  terete,  at  first  cinor(vm«-tomontul.wo.  woo 

glabnite:  leaves  ov.ite,  obtustdy  .ncuminate,  cren.ite-<lent.it.-.  |.almntely  7-n<rved.  d»-<-ply 
cordate  with  a  narrow  sinus,  finely  stellatojiubescent  above,  paler  and  tomentnl.««-  Un.aih. 
.3.J  to  5  inches  in  length:  cymes  an  inch  in  length.  2-3  (lower.-.!  ;  jMMlireU  nU-ut  .•.|ualling 
the  petluncles:  flowers  greenish,  only  a  line  in  diameter.  —  Hot.  (.Ja/.  xxii.  16H.  — Valley  of 
the  \V\o  Grande  at  Hidalgo,  Texas,  Primjle,  uo.  2272. 


342  TILIACE.E.  Triumfetta. 


Order  XXVIII.   TILIACE^E. 

By  a.  Gray. 

Trees,  shrubs,  or  herbs,  polyandrous  and  with  two-celled  anthers  and  valvate 
calyx  like  Sterculiacece.  Sepals  deciduous.  Petals  not  rarely  imbricated  in  the 
bud.  Stamens  hardly  if  at  all  monadelphous,  yet  sometimes  5-adelphous  at  base 
(the  phalanges  opposite  the  petals),  and  unconnected  with  the  petals.  Ovary 
2-10-celled,  and  styles  united  into  one;  ovules  anatropous  or  incompletely  so, 
commonly  pendulous  with  rhaphe  ventral.  Embryo  in  rather  abundant  fleshy 
albumen,  and  with  broad  foliaceous  cotyledons.  Except  Tilia  this  is  a  mainly 
tropical  order  or  of  southern  rather  than  northern  hemisphere. 

*  Herbaceous  or  barely  shrubby :  sepals  5,  distinct,  narrow :  petals  somewhat  convolute  in 
the  biul. 

1.  TRIUMFETTA.  Petals  with  glandular  thickening  or  pit  at  base  inside  (rarely  want- 
in^r).  Stamens  10  to  30,  distinct,  \isually  on  a  sliort  torus  bearing  the  2-5-celled  ovary. 
Style  filiform ;  stigma  2-.5-lobed ;  cells  of  ovary  2-ovuled.  Fruit  globular,  bur-like,  being 
covered  with  prickles  or  bristles,  indehiscent,  rarely  splitting  into  2  to  5  closed  carpels. 

2.  CORCHORUS.  Petals  naked  at  base.  Stamens  10  to  30  or  more,  distinct.  Ovary 
2-5-celled;  style  commonly  short;  stigma  slightly  lobed.  Capsule  various,  2-5-celled, 
many-seeded,  2-5-valved,  loculicidal. 

*   *  Trees :  petals  imbricate  or  incompletely  convolute  in  the  bud. 

3.  TILIA.  Sepals  5,  lanceolate  or  ovate,  subcoriaceous.  Petals  spatulate-oblong.  Stamens 
numerous,  on  a  short  hypogynous  torus,  either  indistinctly  aggregated  in  5  clusters  or  (in 
the  American  species)  more  or  less  5-adelphous  with  a  petaloid  body  (staminodium)  to  each 
phalanx  placed  before  a  petal ;  anther-cells  quite  separate  or  even  short-stalked  by  forking 
of  the  apex  of  tlie  filament.  Ovary  5-celled,  with  a  pair  of  ovules  in  each  cell ;  style  colum- 
nar, 5-lobed  at  summit;  lobes  introrsely  stigmatose.  Fruit  globular,  dry  and  woody- 
coriaceous  at  maturity,  by  abortion  1-celled,  I-2-seeded,  indehiscent  or  tardily  bursting ; 
embryo  in  liard  fleshy  albumen;  cotyledons  contorted  and  crumpled,  very  broad  and  thin, 
palmatcly  5-l()bed. 

1.  TRIUMFETTA,  Plumier.  (G.  B.  Tnnmfetti  or  Trionfetti,  Italian 
botanist.) — Tropical  weedy  plants,  yellow-flowered.  —  Nov.  Gen.  40,  t.  8  ;  L. 
Gen.  no.  864. — One  species  has  reached  Florida, 

T.  SKMiTRfLOBA,  Jacq.  Suffrutesccnt  annual,  minutely  pubescent :  leaves  round-ovate,  serrate, 
"some  angulate  or  3-lobed :  flowers  in  small  paniculate  fascicles:  sepals  quarter  inch  long, 
apiculate  behind  the  hooded  apex:  stamens  about  15  :  fruit  2-colled,  2  lines  in  diameter,  the 
prickles  as  long,  uncinate-tipped,  retrorsely  hispid. — Enum.  PI.  Carib.  22;  L.  Mant.  73; 
Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  611  ;  Schumann  in  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  134,  t.  27,  f.  2.  —  A  weed  near 
dwellings  in  Peninsular  Florida.     (Nat.  from  W.  Ind.) 

2.  CORCHORUS,  Tourn.  (The  Greek  and  Latin  name  of  some  plant, 
early  applied  to  this  genus.) — Mainly  tropical  or  subtropical  herbs  or  low 
shrubs ;  with  small  yellow  flowers  axillary  or  opposite  the  leaves.  — Inst.  t.  135  ; 
L.   Gen.  no.  442;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  93,  t.  137. 

C.  hirtUS,  L.,  var.  glabellus,  Gray.  Annual,  slender,  from  somewhat  appressed  pubes- 
cent to  almost  glabrous:  leaves  mostly  lanceolate-oblong  and  acute,  evenly  serrate,  slender- 
petioled :   flowers  1  to  3  in  a  fascicle,  2  or  3  lines  long,  exceeding  the  pedicels :   sepals 


Tilia.  TIIJA(  K.i:.  3^3 

acuminate,  about  e.,ualliiiK  the  i»otalH :  «tameu»  rurnnionly  10:  caj-ulo  ••iliquiforro.  2-<^*'\M 
often  2  inclics  long,  c•onl|.n•s^il•ll  contrary  to  th.-  piiriition.  |>oint4-U  l.v  tht-  i.l...rt\ut.u:.,t.' 
stvli',  divergently  Hj.rea.ling  or  jLseen.ling.  glal.roun  or  niinut.lv   (.iriK.^t.  puU-nil.  nt   /i,..t 

villous)  and  mostly  straight.  — (i ray  in  I'alternon,  Ch.Hk  li«t  n'a.  l'|ant».  I^aa    |7    ,.;, 

only.  (For  species,  L.  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  747  ;  Jiic.|.  Uort.  \ind.  iii.  t.  5H  ;  S,|,  „„,«„,;,  1.  ^  "1^7 
t.  26,  with  vars.)  V.  sil„juosiis.  Torr.  &  (irav.  Fl.  i.  2:J'J  ;  (Jniv.  «;i-n.  111.  ij  y*  i  137  „,^*i ' 
C.  inlololnis,  CJray,  I'l.  Wright,  i.  24;  Wats.  I'r.H.-.  Am.  Aca-1.  xvii.  :w:i ;  1  „,h  ',,uiu.  of  u^k 
F^num.,  &c.  — Florida  to  S.  Texas  and  Arizona.  (.Mex.) 
C.  siLiyi  osi  s,  L.  (Jlahrous  :  leaves  ovate  to  ohlonglanceohito  ;  th.wH-  of  floweriMg  brauchlnn 
often  small  and  rounded  :  linear  capsules  2  or  3  inches  long,  iit  ajH-x  Inincate  nnd  iipirul»t« 
with  4  short  spreading  teeth,  two  to  ea.ii  valve. -Spec.  i.  .',29;  .Jac.,,  |I,.rt.  Vind.  iii  t  VJ 
Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Iiid.  97,  excl.  ref.  to  tiray,  (Jen.  Ill.-S.  Florida,  near  dwellings  CurtiMB 
(Nat.  from  W.  lud.) 

C*  acutAngi:lu8,  Lam.-  In.lian  and  African,  natunili/.ed  in  W.  Indic-s,  orcum  an  a 
ballast-weed  at  I'eusacola,  Curliss.  Its  ovate  leaves  bear  at  biwe  a  pair  of  wilieni  netifcMui. 
teeth ;  aud  the  capsule  is  5-celled  aud  .Vcorniculate  at  ai>ex. Diet.  ii.  104. 

C.  TRfDEXs,  L.,  an  Old  World  s|,ecies  with  narrow  leaves  and  3H.elled  3-corniculato  cajjaubi.. 
has  occurred  as  a  balhust-weed  at  I'hiladelidiia.  —  Maiit.  ii.  566. 

3.  TlLIA,  Tourn.  Lindkn,  Li.me-tkek,  Ba.s.swood.  (The  classical  Latin 
name.)  —  Forest  tree.s  of  temperate  jmrLs  of  nortlu-rn  homisphorc  ;  with  w.fi 
white  wood,  very  Hbrou.s  and  tou«,di  inner  bark  ahonndinp;  in  murihi-jL-,  few-wah-d 
winter  buds,  rounded  and  often  cordate  veiny  and  serrate  aiternun-  leaves  on 
long  petioles,  with  membranaceous  caducous  stipides.  Peduncles  a.villary,  adnata- 
half  way  up  to  an  accompanying  membranaceous  ligulate  bract,  cymosely  sevc-rai- 
many-flowered.  Flowers  cream-color,  opt-ning  in  early  suninnr.  —  Iii'.t.  Oil. 
t.  381  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  440.8 

T.  EcROP.t:.\,  L.  (the  small-leaved  form,  T.  jiarvifolia,  Ehrh.,  sometimes  the  largi-r-lenvcMl 
T.  grandifolia,  Ehrh.,  or  intermediate  forms),  the  Eihoi-ean  Lime,  is  often  ]d:uited  as  a  sh.ido 
tree  in  town.s  and  may  be  known  by  the  want  of  the  petaloiil  scales  (stamintxlia)  among  tlio 
stamens.  The.^e  are  conspicuous  in  all  Aincricau  species,  which,  moreover,  seem  to  be  an  con- 
fluent  as  are  the  Old  World  forms.  —  Spec.  i.  514. 
T.  Americana,  L.     Leaves  ample,  glabrous  (except  in  the  tufted  axils  of  the  veins),  of  Hrm 

texture,   botii  faces  green,  upper  shining:  floral   bract   usually  tapering  to  stalked   Ikix- : 

spatulate  staminodcs  exceeding  the  stamens :  fruit  ovoid,  a  third  to  nearly  half  inch  bmg, 

obsoletely  costate.  —  Spec.  i.  514  ;  Marsh.  Arb.  15;j ;  Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb.  Am.  iii.  31 1,  t.  I  ; 

Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  92,  t    136.*     T.  ijinhn,.  Vent.  Monogr.  Til.  9,  t.  2  ;  1)(".  Fr-^lr.  i.  513.     /'. 

ni(jra,  Borkh.  Ilandb.  For.stb.  ii.  1219;  Spach,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  ii.  340,  t.   15;  Hayrr, 

Monogr.  Til.  (pt  Verb   Bot.  Verein.  Wien,  xii    1862)  53.     T.  Citmuimsi*,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  306. 

IT.  piihi'srens,  Nouv.  Dubam.  i.  t.  51. —  Wooils,  New  Brunswick  to  Georgiji,  and  we»t  to 

Winnipeg,  Kansas,  and  E.  Texjus,  &c. 
T.  pub^SCens,  Ait.     Small  tree:  leaves  mo.stly  thinner  and  rather  small.  pul>c.»cent  Imv 

ncath  or  glabrate  in  ago:  floral  bract  usually  rounded  at  ba.«e  and  even  the  luwoxt   very 

short-stalked  :  fruit  globular,  quarter  inch  long.  —  Kow.  ii.  229  ;  Vent.  1.  c.  10,  t.  3  ;  Mirhx. 

f.  Hi.st.  Arb.  Am.  iii.  t.  3 ;   Kll.  Sk.  ii.  3;  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.   i.   240  ( /'.    Cir.Jimana.  Mill. 

Diet.  ed.  8  :  Marsh.  Arb.  154  ;   Wanir.  Aiipti.  Nordani.  Ibd/..  56.  are  all  doubtful  nnd  \,r»\>. 

ably  of  ])reccding  species,  so  this  older  name  cannot  be  adopted.)      '/'.  Uintiont,  Mirhx.  Fl. 

i.  306;  Spach,  1.  c.  343.  t.  15.      T.  Aiiirriraua,  var.  puUsmis,  I.oud.  Arb.  i.  374,  t.  24  ;  (Jrar, 

Man.  ed.  I.  72.  — Wading  Riv.,  Long  Island,  K.  S.  MilUr,  and  from  North  Caroliua  to 

Florida  and  Texas. 

!  Add  roultor,  Ponfrih.  V.  S.  Nnt.  H.rb.  ii.  4.'.. 

a  .Spo<ips  tnktii  by  Dr.  Cray  from  inirxTfiK-t  ninlprial  for  C.  o/iforiw,  L. 

«  Add  (".rny.  Pr.M-.  Am.  Arnd.  xxii.  305. 

*  Add  Gray,  PI.  F"or.  Trees  N.  A.  t.  10  (fr.  globose). 


344  TILIACE.E.  Tllia. 

Var.  leptoph^lla,  Vent.  1.  c.  ll.     Leaves  larger  (sometimes  equalling  those  of  T. 
Americuiut)  ;uul  membrauaceous.  — Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  —  S.  Caroliuato  Texas. 

T.  heterophylla,  Vknt.  Large  tree :  leaves  ample  (ofteuer  6  or  8  inclie.sloiig  and  of  ovate 
(lutliiie),  glabrous  and  sliiuing  above,  whitish  aud  when  young  cauesceut-puberulent  and  sil- 
very beneatli :  floral  bract  tapering  to  short-stalked  or  subsessile  base  ;  this  and  especially 
the  peduncle  elongated  :  fruit  globular,  not  costate  or  lineate.  — Anal.  Hist.  Nat.  Madrid,  ii. 
68  (1800),  &  Monogr.  Til.  (Mem.  de  ITnst.  class  1,  iv.)  16,  t.  5  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  239;  Nutt. 
Sylv.  i.  90,  t.  23.  T.  aJha,  Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb.  Am.  iii.  315,  t.  2,  not  Ait.  T.  laxijiora, 
Pursh,  Fl.  i.  363,  not  Michx.  T.  Americana,  var.  heterophi/l/a,  Loud.  1.  c.  375,  t.  23.  —  Along 
tiie  Allegiianies  from  S.  Peun.sylvania  to  Florida,  west  to  S.  Illinois  and  Tennessee. 
T.  ALUA,  Ait.  {T.  rotundifolia,  Vent.),  is  the  Hungarian  T.  argentea,  by  mistake  credited  to 

N.  America. 


Order  XXIX.     LINACEiE. 

By  W.  Trelease. 

Herbaceous  or  suffrutescent  terrestrial  plants  (in  our  region).  Leaves  soon 
alternate,  only  exceptionally  opposite  or  in  whorls  of  3,  sessile  or  nearly  so, 
simple,  entire  except  sometimes  the  uppermost,  with  or  without  stipules  or  their 
equivalents.  Flowers  racemose  or  in  more  or  less  open  subpanicled  cymes,  often 
small  but  commonly  showy,  variously  colored,  perfect,  mostly  5-merous,  hypo- 
gynous,  without  a  disk.  Glands  of  the  receptacle  5,  small,  opposite  the  sepals, 
which  are  mostly  distinct,  imbricate,  often  glandular-toothed.  Stamens  as  many 
as  the  petals  and  alternate  with  them,  slightly  monadelphous  at  base,  persistent ; 
anthers  oblong,  introrse,  more  or  less  versatile,  2-celled,  with  longitudinal  dehis- 
cence. Carpels  and  styles  2  to  5 ;  ovary  slightly  4-10-lobed,  its  cells  equal  in 
number  to  the  styles  or  twice  as  many  from  the  intrusion  of  a  false  septum  from 
the  back  of  each  cell,  the  true  cells  2-ovuled,  Seeds  oily,  with  a  little  albumen  ; 
embryo  usually  straight,  with  plane  cotyledons. 

1.  LINUM,  Tourn.  Flax,  (Ancient  classical  name,) — Flowers  5-merous, 
symmetrical  except  that  in  HesperoUnon  the  carpels  are  reduced  in  number.  Sepals 
mostly  persistent.  Capsules  splitting  through  the  false  septa  and  also  septicidal 
in  most  species.  Stipules  replaced  by  small  glands,  or  wanting.  —  Inst,  339,  t, 
176;  L.  Gen,  no.  254;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  204,  678  ;  Planch,  Lond.  Jour.  Bot. 
vi.  593,  vii.  165,  473,  507  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  107,  t.  143,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  vi. 
521,  &  vii.  333;  Engelm,  in  Gray,  PI,  Wright,  i.  25;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen,  i. 
242 ;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  v,  63  ;  Brew,  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i,  89,  ii.  438 ;  Trelease, 
Trans,  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  7,  t.  34 ;  Reiche  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii. 
Ab.  4,  30.  —  Chiefly  of  the  temperate  regions  of  both  hemispheres. 

*  Exstipulate  :  leaves  and  bracts  entire,  alternate :  pedicels  elongated  :  flowers  large,  blue 
(though  all)inos  sometimes  occur)  :  sepals  not  glandular-margined,  persistent :  petals  not 
appendaged  :  filaments  with  slender  intervening  appendages :  carpels  5,  not  cartilaginous 
at  base ;  styles  distinct :  capsule  large  (3  or  4  lines  long),  with  membranous  septa,  the 
half  carpels  somewhat  longitudinally  hollowed  and  2-grooved  on  tlie  back  ;  false  septa  in- 
complete ;  seeds  compressed,  2  to  3  lines  long :  bluish  glabrous  plants  a  foot  or  two  high. 
—  §  Eulinum. 


Lirntm.  LINAtK.K.  345 

•i—  Annual:  8ti;^mas  eloiij^tcil :  HpocieH  iiitnMlucod  thMU(;li  rultivati»n. 
L.   L-siTAifssiMt  M,   L.      C(»nnil«)Sfl_v  lirumlifd  iil»<)VL<.  luxN-ly   loafv     li-av.  M^-rv 

acute,  3-nervf(l,  llie  lar^^cr  an  inrli  or  two  lonj?:  wpalit  l»r<Hull\  cnat<',niiii  .  rioV 

srarions  iiuirginiMl  and  filiate,  ]ir<Jininently  .'J-niTved,  ilie  lHt«Ti»l  m-rvt-i.  •  .  •.  j  •  lab 

about  5  lines  lon^:  f<ti]u;nnm  sulRlavale.  alM.ut  an  lonj;  w  the  ntylfn :  ca|»uli)  l>n«iliy  uvuid* 
conical,  about  :i  lines  lonf,',  a  little  suriiiL>*«injj  iho  calyx,  marly  indehwfonl,  ilw  iJ-pu  not 
ciliate.  —  Spec.  i.  277;  Torn.  &  Gray,  Kl.  i.  I'm  ;  Heichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  (ierui.  \i.  t.  329.  f  il55; 
rianch.  1.  c.  vii.  1G5;  Hoiss.  Fl.  Or.  i.  800;  Treleajic,  1.  c.  12.  —  AIomr  niilpjadx,  aI-miI  flax- 
mills,  in  fieliis,  etc.,  at  various  jMjints  throughout  the  country.     (IntnMl.  from  <»1<|  World.) 

L.  iii^TMiLK,  Mill.  Similar  to  and  commonly  confounded  with  the  loMt,  but  mootlv  luwer: 
capsule  3  to  4  lines  long,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  tlie  calyx,  more  deeply  dehii«ci-nt,  with  cili- 
ate septa.  —  Diet.  ed.  8,  no.  2 ;  I'lanch.  1.  c. ;  Hoi.ss.  F"l.  <  »r.  i.  H(i\  ;  Trele^we,  1.  c.  /,.  uMita- 
tissiinuin,  /3  rn/iit(ins,  Schiib.  &  Martens,  Fl.  Wnrlcinb.  211.  —  lu  similar  liiluatioDS  to  tho 
last,  cast  of  tiie  Mississippi  River.     (IntnMl.  from  Old  World.) 

•*—  -h-  I'ereunial    but  often   llowering  llie  first  year:   stigmas   little  longer   tlian    br<iad  : 
Western. 
L.  Lewisii,  Pvrsh.     Mostly  ce.«pitose  :  leaves  oval  to  linear,  sometimej"  rather  obtune,  3-5- 
nerved,  tiie  larger  over  an  inch  long  :  Howers  somewhat  corymbed  :  sepals  liroadly  ovaU-,  the 
inner  margins  scarious,  .sometimes  crose  but  not  ciliate,  more  or  le.<s3-5-ke<led  liolow  :  jM-taU 
7  to  10  lines  lung  :  cajisule  ovoid,  fri(|uently  acute,  3  to  4  lines  l<jng,  once  or  twice  exree<ling 
tlie  calyx,  incompletely  10-celled  and  lO-vahed,  with  ciliate  septa,  the  valves  dehisi-ing  widely 
above  and  separating  through  the  mealy  partitions  nearly  to  the  centre  liclow.  —  FL  i.  210; 
Barton,  Fl.  N.  Am.  i.  30,  t.  8;  Alefeld,  Bot.  Zeit.  xxv    250;  Trelejiw,  1.  c.     L.  jterrnne, 
L.  Spec.  i.  277,  in  part;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  204;  Gray,  Gen.  III.  ii.   108.  t.  143,  f.  9.  10; 
Meehau,  Native  Fhnvers,  .sor.  1,  i.  117,  t.  30.     L.  Sibirlnim,  var.  I^wisii,  Lindl.  Bot.  Heg. 
t.  1163.     L.  perrnne,  var.  Lririsii,  Fat.  &  Wr.  X.  A.  Bot.  302.     L.  flecurnns,  Kellogg.  I'n»c. 
Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  iii.  44,  f.  11.     L.  Li/alliniiim,  Alefeld.  1.  c.  251.  — From  the  Hudson  Ilay  n-gion 
to  Brit.  Columbia,  south  through  W^ashington  and  the  Dakotas  to  California  and  'i'exna. 
#   *   Exstipulate  or  with  stipular  glands:  })edicels  mostly  short :  flowers  small  or  me<lium- 
sized,  yellow  :  at  least  some  of  tlie  sepals  glandiilar-ciliate  or  serrulate  :  jKtals  not  npiM*n- 
daged  :  fib-xmeuts  without  intervening  .ippeiidagcs  :  car|>els  5;  stigmas  capitate:  capsule 
small  (less  than  3  lines  long),  with  firm  septa,  the  fal.<e  septa  sometimes  membranous 
toward  the  inner  margin  or  incomplete;  seeds  flattened,  small. —  §  Linnstrum. 
•»—  Sepals  jiersi.-Jtent :  capsule  small  (scarcely  2  lines  l<mg),  10-valved:  carin-U  without  car- 
tilaginous insertions  at  base  :  more  or  less  corymbosely  or  panicuhit«ly  branched  slender 
glabrous  plants  about  a  foot  high. 

++  Leaves  and  bracts  entire  :  no  stipular  glands  :  styles  distinct  to  base. 

=  False  septa  nearly  or  quite  complete,  not  ciliate  :  F^a«tern. 

a.  Stem  terete  below,  only  the  lowest  leaves  opixisite. 

L.  Floridanum,  Trei,e.\se.  Perennial:  stems  several  from  the  same  n>ot,  erect,  simple 
bcluw,  terete  and  striate  or  tlie  liranches  .^lightly  angled  :  leaves  oblong  or  oldong  lanct-olato, 
mostly  acute,  1 -nerved,  the  larger  10  lines  long,  mostly  suberect  :  flowering  bran.b.-s  few. 
ascending  or  recurving,  sparingly  leafy,  with  few  sometimes  se<'und  flowers :  ix>|ia1s  ovato, 
taper-pointed,  keeled,  the  covered  margins  glanduliferons :  petals  alniut  3  linos  long:  cap- 
sule ovoid,  a  line  and  a  half  long,  eipial  to  or  exceeding  tho  calyx.  —  Treloa<«o,  1.  c.  13.  L. 
Virgininnnm,  var.?  Fluridnnuin,  i'laiicli.  1.  c.  vii.  480.  —  S.  Candiua,  Santoc  Caual,  liartntl, 
to  Florida  and  Louisiana,  Covington,  Ihumuwntl,  96. 

Li.  Virginidnum,  L.  Similar  to  the  last,  annual,  or  snckoring  fr<»m  tho  hn^e,  Icsyi  cloa- 
tered,  more  loosely  branched,  the  flowering  branches  rocurved-spreading  or  corymUwc : 
leaves  sometimes  bluish,  often  spreading:  ca|»snle  depres.sodglol)oso,  very  olttuso,  a  line 
long,  mo.stly  shorter  than  the  calyx.  — Sj>oc.  i.  279;  Hill.  Veg.  Syst.  xiv  t  43,  f.  I  ;  Wah. 
Car.  117;  Kll.  Sk.  i.  375;  Torr.  &"(;ray.  Fl.  i.  204  ;  I'bnrh.  1.  c.  ;  Gr.iy.  G.-n.  Ill  ii.  IOH.  t. 
143,  f.  1-8;  Trelease,  1.  c.  —  Canada  to  N.  Carolina  and  Alabama,  westwanl  to  Tcxa*  and 
Missouri. 


346  LIXACE.E.  Linum. 

b.  Stem  angled  :  leaves  mostly  opposite  below  the  first  branch. 
L.  striatum,  Walt.  Annual :  stems  often  somewhat  clustered,  ascending,  striate  and 
somewhat  ridged  even  below  :  leaves  yellowish-green,  slightly  viscid,  elliptical-oblong,  acute, 
several  of  the  lower  opposite  or  in  whorls  of  3 :  flowering  branches  often  forking,  at  first 
strikingly  racemose,  at  length  spaced  out  along  the  stem  :  calyx  shorter  :  otherwise  like  the 
last. —  Car.  118  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  205  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  14.  L.  Virginianiim,  Reichenh.  Ic. 
Bot.  Exot.  ii.  35,  t.  198.  L.  Virgininnum,  var.  o/)positifolium,  Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Wright. 
1.  26.  L.  simplex,  Wood,  Class-Book,  ed.  of  1861,  276.  —  Range  of  the  preceding,  chiefly 
in  wetter  places.  Canadian  specimens  with  erect  firm  bluish  leaves,  may  perhaps  be  varie- 
tally  separable. 

=  =  False  septa  incomplete,  ciliate. 
a.  Leaves  opposite  :  adventive  from  Europe. 

Li,  cathArticum,  L.  (Spec.  i.  281.)  A  small  glabrous  annual  with  opposite  obovate  small 
leaves,  occasionally  ciliate  at  base,  slender  nearly  terete  stem  several  times  forked  above, 
few  small  flowers  terminating  the  branches,  and  minute  10-valvcd  capsules  about  1  line 
long,  has  been  collected  as  a  seaside  introduction  at  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  Burgess.  (Adv, 
from  Eu.) 

b.  Leaves  chiefly  alternate  :  Southwestern. 

L.  Neo-Mexicanum,  Greene.  Annual  or  biennial  (or  perennial?):  stems  simple  or 
branched  hclow,  strict,  angled  above:  leaves  narrowly  oblong,  tlie  upi)er  acute,  l-nerved  or 
with  2  faint  accessory  nerves  at  base,  less  than  8  lines  long:  flowers  on  erect  pedicels,  in 
long  virgate  racemes  :  sepals  lanceolate,  obtuse  to  taper-pointed,  sometimes  3-keeled,  the 
inner  margins  minutely  glandular  :  petals  about  3  lines  long  :  capsule  broadly  ovoid,  rather 
acute,  a  line  and  a  half  long,  about  equalling  the  calyx,  the  false  septa  incomplete  above.  — 
Bot.  Gaz.  vi.  183  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  —  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.     (Northern  Mex.) 

L.  Kingii,  Watsox.  Perennial,  usually  very  glaucous :  stems  cespitose,  subterete,  ascend- 
ing :  leaves  crowded  and  somewhat  appressed,  firm,  oblong  or  spatulate,  subacute,  l-uerved, 
4  or  5  lines  long :  flowers  densely  corymbose-panicled  at  the  ends  of  the  branches  :  sepals 
small,  broadly  ovate,  o])tuse  to  taper-pointed,  3nerved,  the  inner  margins  glandular-ciliate  : 
petals  3  to  5  lines  long :  capsule  ovoid,  acute,  a  line  and  a  half  long,  somewhat  exceeding 
the  calyx,  the  false  septa  incomplete  nearly  to  the  base.  —  Bot.  King  Exp.  49 ;  Trelease,  1.  c. 

—  Uinta  and  Wasatch  Mountains  of  Utah  to  Wyoming. 

Var.  pinetorum,  Jones.  Compact  and  low :  leaves  elliptical,  mostly  obtuse,  appressed 
and  imbricated:  flowers  racemosely  disposed  along  the  branches.  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 
V.  628.  —  Utah,  Uinta  Mountains,  Hayden ;  Tropic,  Jones,  5306. 

++  ++  Sepals  and  bracts  glandular-toothed  :  small  globose  stipular  glands  usually  present : 
stems  angleil  throughout :  petals  somewhat  hairy  at  base :  styles  separate,  or  united 
below  the  middle :  false  septa  of  capsule  incomplete,  more  or  less  ciliate. 

L.  Greggii,  Engelm.  Perennial,  glaucous  :  stems  mostly  closely  cespitose,  branched  below 
and  somewhat  panicled  above :  lower  leaves  commonly  opposite  or  in  whorls  of  3,  elliptic- 
lanceolate,  acute,  l-nerved,  entire,  about  6  lines  long,  the  upper  small,  remote,  less  serrulate 
than  usual  in  the  group  :  flowers  rather  numerous  and  closely  placed,  almost  sessile  :  sepals 
lanceolate,  acute,  keeled  and  with  a  pair  of  faint  lateral  nerves :  petals  about  2  lines  long ; 
styles  distinct :  capsule  globose-ovoid,  a  line  and  a  half  long,  mostly  about  equal  to  the  calyx. 

—  Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI  Wright,  i.  26.  —  Western  Texas,  Guadalupe  Mountains,  Ilarard,  5, 
Chisos  Mountains,  Ilavard,  1.  (Mex.)  Perhaps  scarcely  distinct  from  L.  Schiedeanum, 
Cham.  &  Schlecht. 

L.  rupestre,  Engelm.  Perennial:  stems  several,  slender,  witli  few  elongated  nearly  naked 
corymbose  branches  above :  leaves  linear,  acute,  l-nerved,  the  lower  scarcely  6  lines  long, 
sometimes  sparingly  ciliate,  the  upper  minute,  glandular-serrnlate  :  flowers  mostly  few  and 
remote :  sepals  ovate,  very  acute  or  almost  bristle-pointed,  keeled,  with  a  pair  of  fainter  lat- 
eral nerves :  petals  3  to  5  lines  long :  styles  distinct  nearly  to  the  base  :  capsule  globose- 
ovoid,  a  line  and  a  half  long,  about  equal  to  the  calyx.  — Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2. 
232 ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  15.  L.  Boottii,  var.  rupestre,  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2, 155.  —  Texas.  (North- 
ern Mex.) 


Liuwn.  I.IXACK.K.  317 

L.  sulcatum,  IlinnEtL.    Annual.  Rlahrouu :  atcm  iulwimjilo  Wow  or  with  a  few  »tri<-t 

branches  at  lia.se,  turvniboaely  l)ninilie<l  near  the  top:  leaveM  lameolaie,  »er*  aiuie.  .Tleclcd 

with  the  lateral  nerves  close  to  the  niar^^in,  the  lowcht  entire,  al>oul  lo  linen  long,  the  uniier 

mucii  smaller  and  glandular-serrulalo :  llowers  scattered  on  tin-  rather nliort  u|ij)«r  bnuirhea  ; 

sepals   lanceolate,  very  acute,  keeled   ami   with  a  pair  of   ni'>r<-  or  lf)»a  prominent  Uu-rsI 

nerves,  occasionally   elon^'ated   and   leaf-like:  petals   C   lincN  lon^: :  miUih  varioiwly  unit4-<l 

below  the  middle:  capsule  ovoid,  rather  a<ute,  a  line  and  a  half  lonj;,  often  connpicuoiuilv 

shorter  than  the  calyx.  —  Cat.  Tl.  Uhio,  .Snppl.  lo;  (Jray.  .Man.  ed.  5,  l()5  ;  Tr«lea»c,  1.  c.  U. 

L.  Buotii,  I'lauch.  1.  c.  vii.  473.  —  Connecticut  to  Manitoba,  wiuth  to  Virginia  and  Texas. 

•»—   H—   Capsule  medium-sized  (2  to  .3  linos  long),  5-valved  through  the  complete  false  itepu. 

the  true  septa  witii  cartilaginous  dorsal  thickenings  at  b.-use  :  styles  unjt<-d  nlmoflt  to  th« 

top:   stems  mostly  angled  :  upper  leaves  or  bracts  gland ular-H«^-rrulate  :  {M-iaU  l>ear<le<l  at 

base :    rather  rigid  often  very  corymbose  freiiueutly  puberulent  alu-rnate-leavcd  Wei»u-ru 

species. 

++  Sepals  at  length  deciiluous:  leaves  scattered  except  sometimes  at  l>a»o  of  nh^xttJi,  the 
broader  spreading:  stipular  glands  commonly  jiresent :  cajisulo  oblong-ovoid  ;  fal^e  sejiia 
more  or  less  thickened  outwardly:  small  group  of  variable  closely  relate*!  s|>erie.H,  w'\i\i 
flowers  ranging  from  deep  orange  to  nearly  white. 

=  Leaves  narrow:  capsule  2  lines  long;  false  septa  thickened  for  a  very  small  di.«tancc. 
Li.  aristatum,  1'.ngel.m.  Much  branched  towar<l  the  ba.se  or  tlironghout,  the  branches 
slender,  ascending,  bluish,  glabrous  or  puberulent :  leaves  erect,  narrowly  linear  lanceo- 
late, 3  or  4  lines  long,  awn-i)ointetl,  1-nerved  :  flowers  few,  military  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches  or  seemingly  opposite  tlie  leaves,  their  pedicels  long,  gnxived  rather  than  wing- 
angled:  sepals  lanceolate,  gradu.illy  aristate,  witli  prominent  miiirib  and  iK-canionally  2 
lateral  veins  above  :  petals  G  to  8  lines  long:  caj)sule  scarcily  more  than  h.ilf  as  long  an  iho 
calyx;  the  false  septa  meml)ranaceous  except  for  a  short  distan<-e  from  the  outer  margin. — 
Engelm.  in  Wislizenus,  Tour  Northern  Mex.  101  ;  Gray,  I'l.  Wright,  i.  25,  26;  Troleaw, 
1.  c.  15.  —  Southern  Utah  through  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  Western  Texas.  (Northern 
Mex.) 

Var.  subteres,  Trelease.  Blue-green,  glabrous,  of  the  lax  haliit  of  the  type,  though 
more  branched  lielow,  nearly  without  stipular  glands:  branches  slightly  angled  :  pediceU 
sometimes  greatly  elongateil  (occasionally  2  inches  long),  not  prominently  winged  :  BO|>alii 
acute,  l-nerved,  more  persistent  than  usual  in  the  grouf).  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2.  vi. 
285.— Nevada,  Sprucemout,  Jones,  and  Utah,  liliiff  City,  M'rtlier'll,  Willow  Creek.  Mis$ 
Eastwood. 

L.  rigidum,  Pirsfi.  Perennial?,  glabrate  or  witli  tlio  angles  slightly  roughened:  stems 
somewliat  cespitose,  corymbosely  branched  above,  the  br;inches  rather  rigiti  and,  like  the 
pedicels,  strongly  wing-angled  :  leaves  green  to  bluish,  linear-lanceolate,  olituse  or  acute. 
about  G  lines  long,  1-nerved,  tlie  l)roader  often  with  2  lateral  keels  towards  the  ap«'X  ;  flow- 
ers more  or  less  numerous:  sepals  lanceolate,  slender-pointed,  sliort-awneil.  .stnuigly  \-^- 
wing-nerved:  petals  sometimes  8  lines  long  :  capsule  somewhat  shorter  than  the  calyx,  the 
false  septa  thickened  for  about  a  third  their  width. —  Fl.  i.  210;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  204,  iu 
part;  I'lanch.  1.  c.  vii.  474  ;  F.ngelm.  in  Cray,  1*1.  Wright,  i.  25  ;  Tndea.se,  1.  c.  16.  A.  <jn- 
niium.  Noes,  Verzciclm.  I'fl  Ma.ximilian  von  Wiod,  5.  &  Hot.  Zeit.  ii.  547.  —  Hrit.  America  to 
Oregon  and  Iowa,  .snuiii  to  Tex.xs.     Al.so  ccdiected  at  Miami.  Floriila.  in  1877.  by  darUr. 

Var.  puberul\im,  Kngel.m.  Annual,  blue-green,  puberulent  :  stems  mostly  solitary 
and  low,  corymbosely  stout-branched  above  :  leaves  linear,  acute,  3  or  4  lines  long,  I  nerve*! : 
otherwi.se  like  the  type.  —  Kngelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  25  ;  Trele.xse,  1.  o.  Colorado  Ui 
Nevada,  Southern  California,  and  Texas. 

==  =  Leaves  usually  broader,  green  :  capsule  2J  linos  long  ;  fal-'-  septa  tliirkened  for 
h.ilf  tlieir  wi.ltli. 

L.  Berlandieri,  Hook,  (as  L.  nprnidifri).  Perennial  ?,  nearly  glabnms,  few-bninfhe«l  or 
simple  l)elow  and  r.ither  clo.sely  corymbose  .alMive  :  leaves  clear  green,  lancisd.ite.  arnle. 
mostly  spreading,  occ.asion.ally  3  lines  wide  and  15  lines  long,  more  or  lens  .1ribl>e«l :  wpal* 
elongated,  lanceolate,  gradually  very  acute,  shorl-awncil.  strongly  3-  or  even  5-ribliod  ;  pctala 


348  LIXACE.E.  Linum. 

sometimes  10  lines  long:  capsule  a  third  shorter  than  the  calyx.  —  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3480; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  108,  t.  143,  f.  11-14 ;  Plaucli.  1.  c.  vii.  474  ;  Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Wright, 
i.  25  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  L.  rujidum,  var.  Berendieri,  Torr.  &  Gray,  F\.  i.  204.  —  From  the  Red 
Kiver  (Marci/  Exped.)  througli  Texas.  A  low  spreading  cespito.sely  branched  plant  from 
Galveston,  Lindheinur,  22,  J'dii  Ilulf,  Kio  Brazos,  Dnimmond,  and  S.  W.  Louisiana,  Dmlson, 
with  the  broad  scarious  margin  of  the  sepals  coarsely  dentate,  is  var.  Plotzii,  Trelease, 
1.  c.  16. 

++   ++   Sepals  persistent:    leaves   appressed,   crowded  and   overlapping  on    the    slender 
branches :  no  stipular  glands :  capsule  globose-ovoid,  2  lines  long ;  false  septa  entirely 
membranaceous, 
L.  multicaule,  Hook.    Annual?,  more  or  less  puberulent :  leaves  very  narrow,  mostly 
linear,  awii-poiuted,  less  than  3  lines  long,  1-nerved  below,  often  revolutely  concave,  fre- 
quently ciliate,  the  upper  often  scarious-margined  :   flowers  mostly  few,  terminating  the 
branches  :  sepals  ovate,  abruptly  bristle-pointed,  more  or  less  evidently  1-nerved,  with  broad 
scarious  often  subentire  margins :  petals  4  or  5  lines  long,  deeper  colored  at  base :  capsule 
about  as  long  as  the  sepals.  —  Hook,  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  678;  Planch.  1.  c.  vii.  185; 
Engelm.   in    Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  25;   Trelease,  1.  c.     Z. /i«(/sonio/</es,  Planch.  1.  c.  186. — 
Texas,  from  the  centre  eastward. 

#  *  *  Ex.stipulate  or  with  stipular  glands  :  pedicels  often  elongated  :  flowers  mostly  very 
small,  yellow,  white,  or  roseate:  sepals  usually  glandular-ciliate,  persisteiit :  petals  com- 
monly with  lateral  teeth  and  1  to  3  ventral  appendages  at  base :  filaments  sometimes 
2-toothed  at  base,  otherwise  unappendaged :  carpels  2  or  3,  without  cartilaginous  inser- 
tions ;  styles  distinct ;  stigmas  small,  oblique  or  subcapitate :  capsule  very  small  (scarcely 
a  line  long),  separating  into  twice  as  many  valves  as  there  are  carpels,  with  firm  septa 
long-ciliate  at  base ;  seeds  mostly  plump,  small :  mostly  forking  slender  annuals,  of  the 
Pacific  Coast.  —  §  Uesperolinon. 

■i-  Carpels  2  :  false  septa  complete  :  petals  yellow,  not  appendaged. 
L.  digynum,  Gray.  A  span  or  less  high,  glabrous,  somewhat  glaucous  :  stems  slender, 
striate,  mostly  simple  below,  several  times  corymbosely  forked  above,  without  stipular 
glands:  leaves  usually  opposite,  elliptic-spatulate,  the  larger  5  lines  long,  1-  or  obscurely 
3-nerved,  the  lower  entire  and  obtuse,  the  upper  serrate,  acute  or  mucronate  :  flowers  sub- 
racemose  or  loosely  corymbed,  short-pedicelled  :  sepals  very  unequal,  ovate-oblong,  obtuse, 
glandular-serrulate  or  lacerate,  1-  to  somewhat  obscurely  3-nerved  at  base  :  petals  1^  lines 
long:  capsule  ovoid,  slightly  retuse  at  apex,  a  little  shorter  than  the  calyx.  —  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  vii.  334;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  89;  Trelease,  1.  c.  17.  — Washington  to  the 
mountains  of  Central  California.  A  small  plant  of  the  aspect  of  L.  catharticum. 
•i—  -i—  Carpels  3  :  false  septa  incomplete  :  petals  mostly  appendaged. 
++  Leaves  glandular-denticulate :  no  stipular  glands  :  false  septa  narrow. 
L.  drymarioides,  Ccrran.  A  span  or  two  high,  sparingly  white-villous :  stems  rather 
coarse  at  base,  repeatedly  dichotomous,  with  long  slender  internodes  :  leaves  opposite  or 
the  lowest  subverticillate,  broadly  ovate,  the  larger  5  lines  long,  ratlier  loo.sely  veined,  acute 
or  acuminate,  with  short  crowded  marginal  glands :  flowers  roseate,  scattered  along  the 
branches,  mostly  short-pedicelled  :  sepals  lanceolate,  acute  or  mucronate,  miimtely  serrulate 
and  occasionally  glandular-ciliate,  1-nerved:  petals  minute,  2-toothed  and  appendaged  at 
base,  the  median  appendage  rounded  and  glabrous  or  sometimes  wanting  :  capsule  ovoid, 
acute,  as  long  as  the  calyx.  —  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  152  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  —  Lake  County, 
California,  Mrs.  Curvan. 
L.  adenoph^Uum,  Gray.  A  span  to  a  foot  high,  glabrate  or  somewhat  villous,  espe- 
cially just  above  the  nodes  :  stems  slender,  repeatedly  forked,  striate  :  leaves  alternate  or 
the  lowest  opposite  or  in  threes,  remote,  very  narrowly  oblong,  less  than  an  inch  long, 
folded  along  the  midrib,  obtuse,  somewhat  cordate,  1-nerved,  clo.sely  and  conspicuously 
glandular-denticulate  :  flowers  yellow,  terminating  the  branches,  slender-pedicelled  :  sp]).ils 
lanceolate,  acute,  usually  minutely  glandular-denticulate,  1-nerved  :  petals  2  or  3  lines 
long,  the  broad  confluent  appendages  somewhat  pubescent :  filaments  abruptly  dilated  and 
obtusely  2-toothed  at  base :  capsule  ovoid,  acute,  as  long  as  the  calyx.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 


Lhum.  LINACK.i:.  349 

viii.  624;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  90;  Trclia.M-.  1.  c.  18.  —  Wcntom  Califoniiii,   Ijil- 
ami  Meiidociiio  (.'omilifs. 

++   ++    Leaves  entire,  without  marginal  glaml.x,  allernan-  e.xccj.i  lujnuiiiiicj*  at  llif  wry 
base :  false  septa  widened  below. 

=  False  septa  conii)lete  below  :  flowers  yellow  or  yellowiith. 
L.  Cleveland!,  Gree.ne.  A  sjian  to  a  fcK)t  high,  glal)nite,  n-|K'al<illy  diih<H4iiiiou« : 
leaves  oblong,  5  lines  long,  l-nerved,  Hubacute,  without  htipular  glandi* :  tiowen.  iniiiuic.  ou 
filiform  pcdicel-s  (sometimes  an  inch  long) :  sepals  narrow,  acnt*-.  hparingly  ghuidular-iilimti' : 
petals  yellow  or  pale,  a  lino  long  or  l.-ss,  atoothed.  ."J  a|.p<-ndag.-l.  ih..  nM-.tinn  ap|K-ndime 
oblong,  glabrous  :  capsule  ovoid,  acute,  somewhat  long«-r  tlian  the  iM-jMilf..  —  Bull  Torr. 
Club,  ix.  121  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  —  California,  Lake  and  .Mendocino  Countit-.t. 
=  =  False  septa  not  reaciiing  the  a.xis  exc.|,t  in  tin-  la.st  si»ecies :  flowem  white.  r(J^eatv, 
or  purjdish. 

a.  Loosely  branched,  the  flowers  slender-jHjdicelled. 
L.  micranthum,  Ok.vy.  a  span  to  a  foot  high,  of  the  aspect  of  the  jireceding,  glanrouii, 
soniewliat  sofl-jiubescent  toward  the  liiuse  of  the  slender  nearly  terete  bninches,  lc*iM-ly 
dicliotomous  :  leaves  alternate,  spatnlate-oblong,  .')  to  7  lines  long,  l-nerveil,  <d>tusG  or  sul>- 
acute,  mostly  with  stipular  glands:  flowers  white  or  faintly  roseate,  consideraldv  exc*-*-*!!-*! 
by  their  slender  straight  pedicels:  sepals  ov'ate-lanceolate  to  oldong,  subacute,  the  inner 
sparingly  glandular-ciliate  :  petals  1  to  occa.sionally  2i  lines  long,  2-toothcd,  mostly  unap|>eu- 
daged  :  capsule  ovoid,  acute,  about  eijual  to  the  sepals. —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  .3.'W  ;  Brew. 
&  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  90;  Trelease,  I.e.  18. —  Oregon  to  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco, 
California. 

L.  Spergulinum,  Gray.  Similar  to  the  last  and  perhaps  scarcely  separable :  loaves  linear, 
5  to  10  lines  long,  with  or  without  stipular  glands:  flowers  ro.seate,  s'tinewhat  ntMliting  mi 
filiform  pedicels  (occ;usionally  7  lines  long)  :  petals  2  to  4  lines  long,  2-t<Mithcd,  :{-n|i|M-ndag<  d, 
the  median  appendage  ligulate  and  the  latenil  sometimes  greatly  reduced  :  cap^nle  o*oid, 
acute,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  tlie  .sej)als.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  vii.  333  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  B<>1. 
Calif,  i.  90;  Trelease,  1.  c.  19.— Central  California. 

b.   Often  luore  corymbose,  the  short-pedicelled  flowers  rather  doselv  clustered  at  ends  of  tlie 

t.ranrlics. 

L.  Californicum,  Bknth.  Somewhat  taller,  glaucous,  ghibnite  or  sparingly  pnlK-ruUnt 
near  tiie  nodes,  loosely  dicliotomous,  with  angled  or  striate  branrhes  :  leaves  linear,  5  to  15 
lines  long,  rather  obtu.se,  with  prominent  stipular  glands:  flowers  pale  or  rr)seate  :  sepals 
lanceolate,  acute,  keeleil  below,  glabrous,  rather  thick,  with  pale  sparingly  glandular-ciliate 
inner  margins  :  petals  2  to  3  lines  long,  3-appendaged,  the  median  ap|Kndage  niundisl, 
hairy:  capsule  ovoid,  .icute,  a  little  shorter  than  the  sepals. —  I'l.  llartw.  299;  (Jniy, 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  .521;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  90;  Trele:uio,  1.  c. —California, 
Butte  and  Colusa  Counties  to  the  region  east  of  San  Franci.^co.  When  low,  leafy,  and  with 
rather  dense  inflorescence,  it  is  the  scarcely  separable  var.  <<>NrKini  m,  (iray  in  Trele.xHo, 
1.  c,  of  the  San  Francisco  region,  to  which  jiertains  the  type  of  /,.  /iifimi,  (Jray.  I'roc.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.  iii.  102,  &  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  .'>21,  from  the  Mt.  Diablo  Kange,  Urttrrr,  1181. 
the  flowers  of  wliich  are  described  by  error  as  golden. 

L.  COngestum,  (iitw.  From  less  than  a  sjtan  high  to  .stout  and  tall:  stem  glabrous,  glau- 
cous, striate  i)elow,  with  corymbose  angled  branches  at  top  :  leaves  mostly  sonu-w  hnt  pulx'jM'enl, 
linear-lanceolate,  3  to  mostly  10  or  l.'i  lines  long,  acute,  with  stijuilar  glands  :  flowers  rt«iK»- 
pnrple,  in  glomerate  clusters  terminating  the  bninches  :  sepals  ovate-lancj'olate,  a<-utp,  nm- 
spicuously  pubescent :  )»et.als  3  to  4  lines  long,  2-tootlied,  3  api>endage.|.  the  median  np|M>n- 
dage  e]ongate<l,  somewhat  h.iiry  :  ca|)sule  short-ovoid,  nearly  as  l<>ng  as  the  calyx,  the  falim 
septa  complete  near  the  ba.se.  —  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  vi.  .'■)2I  :  Brew.  \:  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i  9t); 
Trelease,  1.  c.  20. — California,  in  the  regiou  adjacent  to  San  Francisco. 


350  MALPIGIIIACE.^.  Bt/rsonima. 

Order  XXX.     MALPIGHIACE^. 

By  a.  Gray. 

Shrubs  or  woody  climbers,  with  opposite  simple  mostly  entire  commonly  stipu- 
late leaves,  regular  o-merous  5-10-au(kuus  and  tri(rarely  dij-carpellary  flowers. 
Sepals  imbricate  and  petals  between  imbricate  and  convolute  in  the  bud,  the 
latter  usually  unguiculate  and  penniveined.  Ovules  solitary  in  each  cell,  between 
orthotropous  and  anatropous,  often  uncinate,  and  ascending  on  the  pendulous 
funiculus ;  micropyle  superior.  Seeds  destitute  of  albumen  ;  the  embryo  curved 
or  coiled,  or  rarely  straight.  No  dilated  hypogynous  disk.  Commonly  some 
large  glands  on  outside  of  calyx.  A  tropical  order,  of  which,  however,  six  genera 
reach  our  southern  borders. 

*   Stamens  1 0,  all  perfect :  styles  3. 
H—  Fruit  wingless. 

1.  BYRSONIMA.  A  pair  of  thick  glands  on  back  of  each  sepal.  Petals  with  slender  claws 
reflexed  in  anthesis.  Filaments  short,  monadelphous  at  base,  there  bearded.  Stigmas 
acute.     Fruit  a  small  3-celled  drupe  ;  embryo  with  slender  and  circinately  coiled  cotyledons. 

2.  MALPIGHIA.  A  pair  of  thick  glands  on  back  of  most  or  all  the  sepals.  Flowers  of 
preceding,  but  base  of  filaments  glabrous  and  stigmas  truncate.  Drupe  containing  3  dis- 
tinct dorsally  3-5-crested  nutlets;  embryo  straight,  with  short  radicle  and  plano-convex 
cotyledons. 

3.  GALPHIMIA.  Calyx  glandless.  Petals  spreading,  with  distinct  claws  and  thicki.sh 
midrib  to  denticulate  blade.  Filaments  slender,  distinct  or  nearly  so  ;  anthers  oval.  Styles 
filiform  ;  stigmas  minute.     Fruit  a  3-coccous  capsule  ;  embryo  unciuate-incurved. 

-t—  -1—  Fruit  winged,  samaroid. 

4.  HIR^A.  Glands  one  or  two  on  back  of  each  sepal.  Filaments  and  styles  short.  Ovary 
3-lobed,  3-crested.  Samaraj  1  to  3  maturing,  broadly  winged  all  round  the  margin;  embryo 
with  short  cotyledons  uncinate-incurved. 

*  *  Flowers  dimorphous,  the  more  fertile  cleistogamous,  usually  dicarpellary  and  with 
glandless  calyx  ;  these  with  only  one  or  two  diminutive  stamens ;  the  normal  with  5  or  6 
monadelphous  stamens,  two  or  three  of  them  not  rarely  deformed  and  sterile:  calyx  8-10- 
glaudular  :  ovary  of  3  lobes  or  carpels  around  the  base  of  a  single  columnar  style ;  stigma 
obliijuely  truncate  or  depressed-capitate. 

5.  JANUSIA.  Normal  flowers  with  unguiculate  mostly  entire  petals.  Fruit  samaroid, 
winged  on  the  back. 

6.  ASPICARPA.  Normal  flowers  with  unguiculate  and  mostly  fimhriolate  petals,  sterile  or 
less  fertile  tlian  the  cleistogamous ;  cleistogamous  flowers  with  hardly  any  style,  maturing 
a  single  carpel  (or  sometimes  a  pair  of  carpels)  into  an  oblique  triangular  nutlet,  which 
usually  becomes  horizontally  incumbent  on  the  receptacle  and  in  shape  may*be  likened  to 
tlie  iiead  of  a  serpent;  cotyledons  obovate,  flattish,  incurved. 

1.  BYRSONIMA,  Rich.  (Bv'po-a,  a  hide;  bark  or  leaves  used  for  tan- 
ning.) —  Rich,  in  Juss.  Ann.  Mus.  xviii.  481. 

B.  llicida,  HBK.  Shrub,  erect,  much  branched,  glal)rous :  leaves  cuneate-ol)ovate,  inch  or 
more  long,  obscurely  veined,  shining :  flowers  in  short  terminal  racemes :  petals  nearly 
white,  changing  to  rose-color  or  .some  to  yellow,  the  blade  reniform,  e(iualled  by  the  claw: 
drupes  the  size  of  peas,  greenish.  —  Nov.  (jen.  &  Spec.  v.  14";  DC.  Prodr.  i.  .580;  A.  Juss. 
Malpigh.  40;  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub.  271  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  82.  Maljiighia  lucida,  Swartz,  Fl.  Ind. 
Occ.  ii.  852.  —  Keys  of  S.  Florida.     ( VV.  Ind.) 


Janusia.  MA  IJ'K  ,11 1  ACK.E.  351 

2.  MALPlGHIA,  Plu.ni.  r.  (.)/.  M,./jn),f,i,  c.Kbrutc-d  anatomic  ^,..1 
physiuluyibt  of  17th  cfiitury.;  —  Amcri.au  bhrubs  or  biuall  ire.-h.  Fluw.rh  not 
yellow.  Tubesceuce  when  pruseut  of  ituilptyliiacfons,  i.  e.  Uic<lilixe<J,  hair», 
these  in  some  species  rigid  and  fusiform,  very  hharp-iK.ii,ted  at  the  two  vxmU 
and  stinging.— .Nov.  Uen.  40;  L.  Gen.  no.  ;Jo«  ;  Ki.h.  in  Ju«».  Ann.  Mu-. 
xviii.  \bO. 

M.  glabra.  L.  (Haki.a.k.ks  Chkimiv.)  SlTul.,  wl.ollv  Rlat.ruu..  with  M.-n.J.-r  bnu.rhw: 
eaves  ovale  th.nni>l..  inch  or  tw.,  1...,^,  aln.ust  .se.K.siK. ;  ,k..1„,..1,.«  axilbrv.  ^h..rt.  u.nUI. 
late.y  .scveral-Ho«ero.l  :  petal.s  ro.se-re.l  or  jak-r,  with  roun.le.l  er.*«  l.la.lw:  druM,  n-d. 
small;  the  nutlets  ol.tusely  4.iadrang«lar,  trai.sverKilv  ru^.n^t.  JK^two.-n  th.-  ,h..rt  cr,-.U  or 
ribs.  -  Spec.  i.  423  (Mill.  Ic.  t.  J81) ;  Siui.s.  But.  Mag.  't.  813  ;  Torr.  Hot.  M.-x  Ilound  4H  - 
Corpus  Christ!  Bay.  and  lower  Itio  Grande,  Texa*.  Srhott,  Palmer.  JV-rhaiH  intn-luc-J 
(Mc.\.,  W.  liid.)  ' 

3.  GALPHlMIA,  Cav.  (Anagram  of  JA///</<///ja.)  —  SufTruti.osc  or  Mif- 
frutescent,  with  slender  stems  and  branches  terminated  by  racemes  of  Uhuallv 
yellow  flowers.  — Ic.  v.  61,  t.  489  ;  A.  Juss.  Malpigh.  G7,  t.  7.  — CliieHy  Mexican. 
G.   angUStifolia,    Bknth.     A  foot  or  two  hif,'li  :  many  slender  steni.s  from  liKtieou*  lrtl^e 

ami  sirii,'nst'  piil.csceiit  with  medifixed  hairs  or  glahrate:  leaves  glaiirous,  glauroufl.  variiil.le. 
lanceolate  or  linear,  acute  at  both  ends  and  suhsessile,  or  lower  oldonf;  to  ov.al  and  ohtujw  .it 
both  ends  and  slender-petioled :  raceme  virgate,  looscly-Howered  :  pet.iU  with  oblongotnt« 
blades  (a  line  or  two  long),  yellow  changing  to  red.  —  Bot.  Sulph  9,  t.  5;  (Jrav,  I'nw.  .\m. 
Acad.  V.  155.  G.  linifoliaX,TAy,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  166,  &  (icn.  HI.  ii.  196,  t.  173.' —  S.  I.-xm, 
first  coll.  by  Berlandier,  theft  by  Wright,  &c.     (Adj.  Mex.,  I^owcr  Calif.) 

4.  HIR^A,  Jacq.  (/.  N.  LaHire.)  —  American  shrubs,  usuallv  some- 
what twining,  and  with  cymulose  flowers  at  ends  of  branches.  —  Knum.  I'l.  C'arib. 
4,  &  .Stirp.  Am.  137,  t.  17G,  f.  42  ;  A.  Juss.  1.  c.  294,  t.  19. 

H.  macroptera,  DC  Cilabrous  or  nearly  so:  leaves  ov.iteoblong  to  oldong-l.inceol.itc, 
inch  or  two  long,  thinnish  :  petals  yellow,  4  or  5  lines  long  including  the  short  claw  ;  blade* 
rounded,  creuulate-erose  :  fruit-wings  when  full  grown  an  inch  and  a  h.ilf  acn>»s.  —  I'nxlr. 
i.  586;  A.  DC.  C.ahjues  des  Dess.  t.  1.30.  //.  sejilentrmnulia.  \.  .lu.^s.  1  c.  .309;  (Jray,  I'L 
Wright,  i.  37,  &  var..  Gray,  PI.  Thurb.  303.  — Below  the  boundary  of  Arizona  in  sJuor*, 
Thurber,  Palmer,  &c.     (Mex.) 

5.  JANtJSIA,  A.  Juss.  (Name  in  reference  to  the  double  facies  of  the 
flowers.)  —  Twining  shrubby  or  suffruticose  jilants.  Solitary  or  umbellale-cymu- 
lose  flowers  at  the  ends  of  the  branches  or  in  the  axils,  the  normal  with  yellow 
petals  and  mostly  fertile  ;  the  minute  cleistogamons  ones  in  same  or  separate 
inflorescence.  —  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  xiii.  2."*0,  &  Malpigh.  319.  t.  '1\  ;  lUnth. 
&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  2G2. 

J.  gracilis,  Gray.  Strigulose  with  medifixed  hairs  :  numerous  very  dlendcr  difTuM>  and 
somewhat  twining  stems  a  foot  or  two  high  from  a  thick  ligneous  ba-ic  :  leave.*  laiin-olaK^ 
linear,  inch  or  more  long,  very  short-pet iuled  :  flowers  1  to  3  t«)golher  :  |>ot.il.«  al>«,ut  2  linc« 
long,  with  ovate  or  sultcordate  blade,  turning  reddish  or  lirownish  :  fertile  .•itamens  2  or  3 : 
scarious  fruit-wing  oblong,  4  lines  long.  —  I'l.  Wright,  i.  37,  ii.  .30  ;  Torr.  I'.icif.  U.  Kcp.  vii. 
9,  t.  1. —  Western  border  of  Tex.is  to  Arizona  ;  first  coll.  by  Wright.  (Adj.  .Mex.) 
.1.  CAt.n<')RN'iCA,  Benth.  Bot.  Sulph.  t.  4,  is  a  related  species  from  l/owor  C.ilifomi.i,  «ith 

oval  leaves. 

I  Add  xyn.  ThrynUis  anguftifolin.  Kimfzo.  Rpv.  Gen.  80;  and  T.  an^ttt/«lin,  var.  <>/..."i<7«>'i>.'ia, 
A.  M.  Vail,' Bull.  Torr.  Club,  x.xii.  228  (G.  Unifolia,  var.  3.  MongifUia,  Gray,  PI.  WriRhl.  i.  M).  lb* 
broad-leaved  form. 


352  MALPIGHIACE.E.  Aspicarpa. 

6.  ASPICARPA,  Rich.  CAo-Trt's,  used  in  the  Latin  sense,  viper,  KapTrds, 
fruit,  the  nutlet  likened  to  a  viper's  head.)  —  Low  or  diffuse  suffrutescent 
plants,  or  woody-based  herbs  (of  Mexico  and  adjacent  borders).  Slender  erect 
or  diffuse  stems  hardly  at  all  twining,  strigulose-pubescent  with  medifixed  hairs. 
Glabrate  or  glabrous  leaves.  Flowers  axillary  or  terminal. — Mem.  Mus.  Par. 
ii.  398,  t.  13  ;  Lag.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  1 ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  583 ;  A.  Juss.  1.  c.  343, 
t.  21. 

A.  longipes,  Gray.  Stems  diffusely  sjireadiug  or  decumbent,  2  or  3  feet  long :  leaves  oval 
or  ovatc-oldong,  obtuse  and  with  rounded  or  subcordute  base,  thiunisii,  veiny  (a  third  to  inch 
and  a  half  long),  lower  short-pctioled:  petaliferous  Howers  somewliat  umbellate  at  ends  of 
brandies,  with  petals  quarter  inch  long;  cleistogamous  Howers  solitary  on  filiform  axillary 
peduncles,  and  subtended  by  a  pair  of  small  foliaceous  bracts :  nutlets  smoothish  and  with 
rounded  or  slightly  margined  lateral  angles.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  37,  ii.  30.  —  S.  W.  Texas  to 
Arizona  ;  first  coll.'  by  Wright,  then  by  Thurber.  (Adj.  Mex.,  some  forms  near  to  A.  Uart- 
we<jiana,  A.  .fuss.) 
A.  hyssopifolia,  Gray.  Stems  erect,  a  span  to  a  foot  high  :  leaves  linear-lanceolate  or 
linear  and  closely  sessile  or  partly  cla.sping  by  a  broadish  base  (half  inch  to  inch  long)  or 
lowest  short  and  oval,  nearly  veinless,  glabrous :  flowers  all  axillary  and  solitary ;  petalifer- 
ous on  bractlcss  peduncles  nearly  equalling  the  leaf,  the  fimbriate-edged  petals  2  or  3  lines 
Ion" ;  cleistogamous  sessile  :  nutlet  reticulate,  with  acutely  crested  back  and  marginless 
sid^s.  —  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  167,  &  PI.  Wright.  11.  cc.  —  S.  Texas,  on  and  near  the  Kio  Grande, 
Wright.     (Adj.  Mex.,  Derlandier,  Palmer.) 


Okder   XXXI.     ZYGOPHYLLACE^. 
By  a.  Gray. 

Herbs  or  hard-wooded  trees  and  shrubs,  the  branches  commonly  with  articu- 
lated nodes,  with  opposite  or  alternate  leaves,  these  more  commonly  pinnate  and 
always  impunctate,  the  leaflets  entire ;  the  1-flowered  peduncles  often  springing 
from  the  axils  of  the  stipules,  which  are  interpetiolar  when  the  leaves  are  oppo- 
site. Flowers  perfect,  5-merous  (rarely  4-6-merous),  regular  and  mainly  sym- 
metrical, all  the  parts  free  and  hypogynous.  Stamens  double  (in  one  genus 
rarely  triple)  the  number  of  the  petals  and  the  outer  series  opposite  them. 
Sepals  mostly  imbricate  and  petals  either  imbricate  or  convolute  in  the  bud. 
Pistil  of  as  many  carpels  as  petals  (or  rarely  twice  as  many  or  fewer),  combined 
into  a  few-several-celled  ovary  and  terminated  by  a  common  style  and  barely 
lobed  stigma ;  ovules  solitary  or  several  in  the  cells,  anatropous  or  nearly  so, 
with  micropyle  superior.  Fruit  never  baccate  ;  embryo  large  and  straight  or 
merely  curved.  Leaves,  when  opposite,  usually  with  one  (sometimes  suppressed 
or  abortive)  smaller  than  its  fellow.  Largely  African  and  Asian ;  a  few  reach- 
ing our  southern  borders. 

Peganum,  which  belongs  here  rather  than  with  Rutacecr,  is  anomalous  in  the  number  of  sta- 
mens, mostlv  fewer  carpels,  and  numerous  seeds.  In  the  alternate  leaves  it  agrees  with  two 
Mexican  genera,  Sericodes  and  Chitonia,  of  which  the  former  may  possibly  belong  to  our 
flora,  for 

Seric6dks  Greggii,  Gray,  occurs  not  far  south  of  New  Mexico. 


Trihulns.  ZVl.dl'II^  I.l..\(  K.i;.  353 

*   Herbs,  with  ii<>  allmiiioii  to  the  spcil,  an  aliiiDiid  litf  iiiihMo.aji"!  ahrtipilt  iiiiuioto  UKMillr 
opjjosite  leaves. 

1.  TRIBULUS.  Scpal.s  niul  petals  5,  rarely  4  «>r  fi.  Filamenln  kIcikIit,  uakol ;  th<H«*<  »«■ 
fciif  the  petals  sometimes  adiiate  to  their  haws  ;  the  alteriialo  om>»  with  a  liy|Ki;;\  iioiii^  );bui<l 
hehiinl  caili.  Ovary  sessile  ;  cells  iu*  many  or  tw  ire  as  many  as  ix-taU,  I-S^m  uli*<|.  Fruit 
lolieil,  5-U)(-12)-(<KC(His,  i.  e.  splittiiij»  at  maturity  iulo  as  many  hard  atid  cVmiti  uutlrU, 
these  usually  muricato  or  spincscetit  on  the  hack. 

*   «    Herbs  with  albumen  to  the  »eed»  and  alternate  leave*. 

2.  PEGANUM.  Sepals  4  or  5,  foliaeeous.  often  cleft  or  jiinnatifid.  ..jK-n  in  the  bud.  pemtrt- 
ent.  I'etals  4  or  .'>,  jii^htly  convolute  in  the  hud.  Stamens  12  to  !.'>,  iniMTt<'<l  ap>und  a 
low  annular  disk,  one  .series  alternate  with  the  petals,  the  others  in  j.airs  Uffore  them  ;  tUa- 
ments  naked;  aiitiiers  linear.  Ovary  2-4-lol)e(l.  a-4-<elleil  ;  numerous  ovules  in  each  oil 
ujion  a  centr.ll  jdacenta;  style  slender,  at  length  twisted,  alxtve  acutely  3-4-anplcH|  and 
the  angles  stij^matosje.  Capsule  globose,  coriaceous,  tardily  or  im|>erfectly  dohiiu-cnt, 
many-seeded;  seeds  with  spongy  scrobiculate  testa,  and  a  slightly  curvetl  embryo  in  flenby 
albumen. 

*   #   *    Woody  or  suffrutescent  plants,  witli  albumen  to  the  seeds  and  opiH»«iu»  leave*. 
•*-  Leaves  1-3-foliolate:  subherbaceous  or  suffruticose. 

3.  FAGONIA.  Sepals  5.  deciduous.  Petals  ."i.  unguiculate,  early  deciduous.  Stamens  10. 
with  tiliform  naked  filaments  and  short  anthers.  Ovary  sessile.  5-oelled  ;  a  pair  of  collateral 
ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  ovate.  r>-lobed,  subulate  with  the  style.  smiMith,  5  coccou.h  ;  the 
carpels  .lieparating  from  e.ich  otiier  and  from  tlie  stylifen.us  axis,  ilehiscent  ventrally.  and 
thin  epicarp  separalde  from  the  cartilaginous  endotarp  ;  .^eed  solitary,  with  mucilaginou* 
coat  and  horny  allmmen. 

^_  ^_  Leaves  abruptly  pinnate;  leatiets  from  one  to  several  pairs:  calyx  deciduous. 

4.  LARREA.  Sepals  and  petals  .V  Stamens  10;  filaments  slender.  I>earing  on  the  inside 
near  the  base  a  conspicuous  2-cleft  or  laciniate  petaloid  scale ;  anthers  oblong.  ( »vary  short- 
stipitatc,  globular,  .'i celled,  about  3  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell;  style  filiform  ;  stigmas  5, 
minute.  Fruit  villous.  5-lobed,  5-coccous;  the  carpels  l-seeded.  at  maturity  separating  fn>ni 
each  other  and  from  the  slender  axis,  indehi.icent ;  embryo  slightly  arcuate  in  the  horny 
alliunien  ;  its  oblong  cotyledons  anterior  and  posterior  in  the  carpel. 

5  GUAIACUM.  Sepals  and  pet.ils  .5  or  sometimes 4.  F'ilaments  nake.l  or  Inaring  a  sm.ill 
scale;  anthers  oblong,  incurved  in  age.  Ov.ary  variously  stijiit.ite.  2-5-angled.  2-5  celled, 
and  with  4  or  .5  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell  ;  style  slendersubulate ;  stigma  small.  Fruit 
glabrous,  2-5-coccous.  coriaceous  or  at  first  fleshy;  the  carpels  1-  or  sometimes  2we«ied, 
separating  at  maturity,  ventrally  and  sfmietimes  dors.ally  dehiscent  ;  seed  with  thick  coat 
and  straight  or  somewhat  curved  emitryo  in  horny  ali)umen ;  oval  cotyledons  with  edges  or 
sometimes  their  faces  ventral  and  dorsal  in  the  caqK-l. 

1.  TRIBULUS,  Ttmrn,  C.vi.TUOrs.  (Tpi'^oXo?,  finritiit  iiaiiu'  of  Tmpa, 
transferred  by  the  herltalists  to  this  genus.)  —  Prostrate  or  ascemlinj;  herb.s 
mo.stly  pubeseent,  witli  abruptly  pinnate  leaves,  some  or  in  certain  sjH'cies  all  of 
them  becoming  alternate  by  suppression  of  one  of  the  pair,  and  yellow  flowers  on 
simple  peduncles. — Inst.  2G5,  t.  1  11  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  3r.O :  Benth.  &  IIo<ik.  (ien. 
i.  264.  Trihulus  &  Kalhtrcemia  (Scop.),  Endl.  Gen.  no.  6030,  6031  ;  Gray. 
Gen.  111.  ii.  11'),  117.  t.  Ho,  146. 

§  1.  Cahx  deciduous  :  cells  of  the  ovary  only  as  many  as  the  petals,  i.  p.  5, 
rarely  4,  few-ovulate.  forming  as  many  nut-like  spinescent  or  tuberculate  2-r>- 
seeded  cocci  which  at  separation  leave  no  central  axis;  the  seeils  sui>or|»oM'^l. 
nearly  horizontal  and  separated  by   transverse  .M-pta.  —  Trihulus.   Scop.   Intnxl. 

253,  &c. 

2.1 


354  ZYGOPHYLLACE.E.  Trlhulus. 

T.  cistoides,  L.  Perennial:  leaves  silky -canescent,  sometimes  glahrate  and  greener: 
lealiets  oliloii'g,  3  to  5  lines  long:  petals  usually  an  inch  long,  e(iualling  tlie  peduncle  :  car- 
pels 3-5-seeded,  tuberculate,  armed  with  two  to  four  long  aud  stout  spines.  —  S])ec.  i.  387  ; 
Jacq.  Hort.  iSchoenb.  t.  103;  Gray,  1.  c.  116,  t.  145;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  134. —  Coast 
of  S.  Florida;  also  southwestern  borders  of  Arizona.  ( I'rop.  cosmopolite  mostly  on  sea 
coasts.) 
T.*  TERRESTRis,  L.  Silky-villous  annual,  branched  from  the  base;  branches  elongated,  de- 
cumbent: leaflets  5  to  7  pairs,  small,  oblong:  short-peduiicled  flowers  small:  pale  yellow 
petals  a  line  or  two  iu  length,  scarcely  exceeding  the  sepals :  hirtellous  carpels  with  median 
warty  or  spinulose  crest  and  2  (to  4)  stout  spreading  spines  (those  from  neighboring  sides 
of  adjacent  carpels  approximate  in  j)airs).  — Spec.  i.  387  ;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  v.  t.  161  ; 
Schk.  Ilandb.  t.  115.  — Not  infrequently  collected  on  ballast  and  made  land  in  the  Midd.and 
S.  Atlantic  States,  Broicn,  Parker;  also  found  at  Newport,  Hock  Co.,  Nebraska,  J.  M.  Bates, 
communicated  by  Prof.  Britton. 

§  2.  Calyx  mostly  deciduous :  cells  of  the  ovary  double  the  number  of  the 
petals  (8  to  10)  and  uniovulate,  sometimes  one  or  more  of  the  alternate  ones 
abortive  :  seed  solitary  and  suspended  in  the  cells. 

T.*  Calif ornicus,  Watson. ^  Depressed,  cinereous-pubescent :  leaflets  (4  to)  5  or  6  pairs, 
*  2  or  3  lines  long,  half  as  broad  :  petals  2  or  3  lines  long :  fruit  ovate  in  outline,  consi)icuously 
beaked,  the  maturing  carpels  2  lines  long,  armed  with  a  few  equal  short  rather  sluirp  but 
soft  spines.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  125;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  91  ;  Gray,  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  xxii.  306.-2  — S.  Arizona,  Primjle,  Lemmon.  (Northern  Mex.,  Palmer ;  Lower  Calif., 
Palmer,  Brandegee.) 
T.*  brachystylis,  Robinson,  n.  comb.  Leaflets  only  4  pairs,  when  fully  developed  con- 
siderably larger  than  in  the  last  preceding  species,  5  or  6  lines  long,  half  as  broad,  very 
oblicjue  at  thcTbase  :  calyx  commonly  deciduous  much  before  the  maturity  of  the  fruit :  petals 
2  or  3  lines  long,  little  exceeding  the  sepals,  orange-yellow :  carpels  9  or  10,  carinate  and 
bearing  a  few  low  warts;  style  short,  not  a  line  in  length.  —  A'aZ/.s/ram/a  marima.  Gray, 
PI.  WHght.  ii.  26.  K.  braclujslylis,  A.  M.  Vail,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxiv.  206.  —  New  Mexico, 
east  side  of  Rio  Grande,  Wright,  no.  912,  at  Mesilla,  Ilai/es,  and  on  mesa  near  Las  Cruces, 
3,900  feet,  Wooton.  (Guaymas,  Mex.,  Palmer.)  Distinguished  from  the  following  by  its 
more  promptly  deciduous  calyx,  deeper-colored  petals,  and  shorter  style. 

§  3.    Calyx  more  or  less  persistent :  cells  of  the  ovary  by  duplication  double 

the  number  of  the  petals,  10  or  12,  all  fertile  and  uniovulate,  at  maturity  form- 

ino'  as  many  rugose  or  barely  tuberculate  akeniform  nutlets,  which  fall  away 

from  a  persistent  styliferous  axis ;  solitary  seed  suspended  :  stamens  opposite  the 

petals  adnate  to  their  bases  :  ours  annuals,  and  the  stems  ascending.  —  Kallstroemia, 

Scop.  Introd.  212;  p:ndl.  1.  c.  no.  6031  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  117,  t.  146. 

T.  maximUS,  L.     Hirsute-pubescent :  leaflets  2  to  4  pairs,  oblong  or  oval,  4  to  9  lines  long : 

peduncles  not  surpassing  the  leaves  :  sepals  oblong-lanceolate,  or  in  age  linear,  not  sur])assing 

the  mature  carpels :  petals  greenish  yellow,  quarter  inch  long :  conical  or  thickened  style 

hardly  longer  than  the  carpels  (2  lines  long),  all  but  its  base  often  deciduous  from  the  fruit. 

—  Spec.  i.  386  (Sloane,  Hist.  Jam.  i.  209,  t.  132,  whence  Liunasus  took  the  inappropriate 

name);  Jacq.  Ic.  Rar.  t.  462;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  476.     T.  terrestris,  Muhl.  Cat.  42.     T.  trijugatus, 

Nutt.  Gen.  i.  277,  but  fruit  wrong.     Kallstroemia  maxima,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  213;  Gray, 

Gen.  111.  ii.  118,  t.  146  ;  Engler  in  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  2,  71.  — Texas  3  to  Arizona  and 

borders  of   California;    and  naturalized  eastward  to   Georgia  aud  Florida.      (Mex.,  S. 

Am.,  &c.) 

1  Description  somewhat  amplified  to  exclude  more  clearly  the  next  following  species. 

2  \dd  «vn.  Knlhtvamia  Californicn,  A.  M.  Vail,  Rnll.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  2:S0. 

3  Northward  to  Oklahoma  Territory,  where  a  noxious  weed,  ace.  to  Carleton,  and  Kansas,  bmylh, 
Hitchcock. 


Larrea.  /V(  .<  M"!!  V  l.l.ACK.K.  3;j.j 

T.  grandiflorus,  Bkntii.  &  II.m.k.  HarbaUly  hinpiil,  or  U-low  and  MtmctimeN  alin<N.t 
wiinlly  ^riai.rat,-:  k-atiols  4  to  7  |)iiirn,  obhuijc.  fr.nii  »  .|uarur  t<»  full  iurli  I.,i,^r :  |m-.Iuiii  l.-« 
surpiissiiiy  the  leaves :  8ei)als  narrowly  lanee.ilate.  inucli  aruminaU-.  in  ajjo  lin«-arati*'nual<<, 
surjuLssinj,'  the  fruit,  shorter  than  the  slemler  jH-rMiwlent  «t\  le  :  |m-u1»  <Ii-«-|.  v.-11.,w  or  .iranj;*,' 
euMiMionly  an  indi  long.—  Uenth.  &  II.M.k.  aiv.  to  Wats!  IJil.l.  Ii,.|e\.  U'J.  Hn-w.  A  Wau' 
Hot.  Calif,  i. '.»!.  Kdllslnniiiu  <jmmlijl«ra,  Torr.  in  (;rav.  i'l.  Wriijlil.  i.  'in,  4.  \\.,i  Mrx. 
HouimI.  42.'  Soiitiiwe.stcrn  l...nlcrs  of  Texas  to  Ari/umi  ;ii„l  |,r.il.al.lv  l«.r.|.r»  of  California. 
(Me.\.  ami  Lnw.r  C:i[if..  first  .■..11.  by  Th.  Coult.r.) 

2.  P^IGANUM,  L.  (Ancient  Grei-k  name  of  Km-,  tran.sf.  rrt-.l  In  Linn«-UH 
to  the  Harmula  of  tlie  lierlKilists.)  —  Low  and  hraneliin;^  perennial  herbs,  with 
alternate  ino.stly  pinnately  parted  leave.s,  small  and  setaceous  or  suhulale  adnata 
stipules,  and  flowers  solitary  and  terminal  or  opposite  the  leaves.  —  Gen.  no.  41.'3; 
Beiith.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  287  ;  liaill.  Hist.  Pi.  iv.  418,  505,  f.  500-508.  —  Four 
Mediterraueau-Oriental  and  one  Mexican  species. 

P.  Mexicanum,  CiuAV.  A  span  or  two  high  from  a  deep  lipnescont  root,  vcrv  leafv  :  loavpN 
railicr  ticsliy,  once  or  twice  pinnately  or  suliternat.ly  (li.sseile.l  int..  lini-ar-tilif<>rni  lolied ; 
(lowers  very  .sliort-peiluncleil,  4-nuTous:  jietals  jiale  yell.iw,  shorter  than  the  l.iciniate-t K-fl 
leaf-like  sepals:  Hlanients  hardly  dilated  at  h.aso :  fruit  recurved  on  the  short  |MMlunc|(> ; 
seeds  elavate  oldoug  (I'l.  Wright,  ii.)  or  like  tlio.se  of  /'.  Il.irimiUi,  L.  —  I'l.  Wright,  i.  .H), 
&  ii.  lot).  —  Mountains  of  S.  New  Mexio  and  Arizona,-  W'riifht,  Thurber.  (.\dj.  .Mex., 
Bertandier,  Gregg,  &c.) 

3.  FAGONIA,  Tourn.  (Gut/  C.  Fagoju  professor  of  Iwtany  at  Paris  in 
the  17th  century.)  —  An  Old  World  genus,  e.xcepting  the  following  and  a  vcrv 
nearly  related  Chilian  species.  —  Inst.  265,  t.  141  ;   L.  Gen.  no.  359. 

F.  Californica,  Bknth.  Suffrutescent,  exceedingly  itninchcd,  slender:  Htipule.<<  arerofM», 
varying  from  1  to  .3  lines  long:  leaflets  ohovate-sjiatnlate  to  lanceolate,  <|uarter  t4)  half  inch 
long,  lateral  ones  .seldom  eijualling  the  slemler  petiole  :  jtetals  rose  jiurple.  two  or  three  lincit 
hnig:  fruit  only  2  lines  long,  much  shorter  than  the  detlexe.l  fructiferous  pednncli-s.  —  Hot. 
Sulph.  10;  Torr.  I'acif.  H.  Hej).  v.  .■}.")<>,  t.  1;  Wats.  Hot.  King  Kxp.  4IH;  Hn-w.  &  Walj*. 
But.  Calif,  i.  92.  Varies  fmin  glal)rous,  v.ir.  Uindsnina,  to  granul.i.se-  or  glandular  pulH-ni- 
lent,  var.  Bdirhtyana,  Henth.  1.  c.''  —  Arid  region  of  Arizona  and  S.  E.  Califuruiji.  (Adj. 
Mex.,  Lower  Calif.) 

4.  LARRfiA,  Cav.,  not  Ort.  (./.  A.  //.  de  Lnrrea,  a  Spanish  erclesiastic.) 
—  Balsamic-re.siniferous  shrubs,,  all  e.xcept  the  following  species  of  extni-tropi«-aI 
South  America,  with  fleshy-coriaceous  small  leaves,  and  short-peduiwled  or  sub- 
sessile  yellow  flowers  terminating  the  numerous  branchlets.  —  Anal.  Hist.  Nat. 
Madrid,  ii.  119,  t.  18,  10,  &  Ic.  vi.  30,  t.  550,  5G0 ;  A.  Juss.  Mem.  Mus.  .\ii.  I56. 
t.  15,  f.  5. 

L.  Mexicdna,  MnFucvM).  (C;<»nKRNArKiu.\.  CuKosoTE-ri.ANT.)  Shruh  3  t..  10  feot  high. 
v.rv  inii.li  liranched,  somewhat  unjde.isantly  hal.samic-scented,  viscous,  very  leafy  :  h'a\e« 
verv  sh..rt-pitiole.l,  bright  and  deej)  green,  mostly  of  a  single  |iair  i>f  uldong  ims|uil.tlcral 
jind  somewh.at  falc-ate  leaflets  (a  .piarter  to  half  inch  long),  which  are  closu-ly  i«*j«iiU'  ami 
.somewhat  connate  bv  their  broad  ba.ses :  sepals  ovate,  silky  :  |)etals  .T  ur  4  linen  long :  Ma 
mineal  scales  nearly  e(|ualling  the  filanients :  fruit  a  .piarter  >ir  thir-l  inch  long.  —  I'l  N.>Hv. 
Am.  71,  t.  48;  Torr.  in  Kmory.  Hep.  I.'IS.  t.  .T ;  (Jray.  Ceii  111.  ii  I2t>.  t.  147  ;  Hrt>w  &  Watx. 
Bot.  Calif,  i.  Qi.  —  L.  ghitinosd,  Kng«-lm.  in  Wisliz.  Tour  Northern  .Me\.  '.».»  ip  '.»  ..f  n  print  I 

1  Ad.l  syn.  T.  Fifrheii,  K.-ll.     IVoc.  Cnlif.  Acad.  Sci.  vii.  Ifi-2. 

2  Al«i  in  I-jiirlc  Mts.  of  extreme  W.-xtern  Texn",  ncr.  to  C.Miller,  Contrih.  V.  S    Nat.  Herb.  ii.  &3. 
8  Add  syn.  /'.  Cali/oiitica,  var.  glutinosti,  A.  M.  Vail,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  *B. 


356  ZYGOPHYLLACE.E.  Guaiacum. 

Z;/gophyllum  tridentatum,  Moc.  &  Sesse  ace.  to  DC.  Prodr.  i.  706;  A.  DC.  Caiques  des  Dess. 
t.i59.i_  Arid  districts,  S.  Texas^  to  S.  Utah  and  S.  California;  ti.  summer.     (Mex.) 

5.  G-UAIACUM,  Plumier.  Lignum-vit.e.  (Aboriginal  name.)  —  Trop- 
ical and  subtropical  American  trees  or  shrubs,  with  very  hard  and  heavy  resinous 
wood,  abruptly  pinnate  somewhat  coriaceous  leaves,  and  blue  or  purplish  solitary 
or  umbellate-fascicled  flowers.  —  Nov.  Gen.  39,  t.  17;  L.  Gen.  no.  39-4;  Gray, 
Gen.  111.  ii.  121,  t.  148,  149.  — Name  also  written  Guajacum,  which,  however, 
was  not  the  original  form. 

§1.  Filaments  naked  :  branchlets  much  articulated  :  leaflets  comparatively 
large  and  few,  obovate  to  elliptical. 

G.  sanctum,  L.     (Oue  of  tlie  two  kinds  of  Lignum-vitce,  yielding  Gum  Guaiacum).     Small 

tree  :  leaflets  3  or  4  or  rarely  5  pairs,  obovate-obloug  or  elliptical  and  oi)li<iue,  inch  or  less 

long  :  petals  very  short-unguiculate,  quarter  to  tliird  inch  long,  double  tlie  length  of  the 

glabrous  sepals :'  fruit  short-stipitate,  obovate  in  outline,  wing-angled,  abruptly   pointed, 

usually  all  five  carpels  maturing.  —  Spec.  i.  382  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  123,  t.  148  ;  Nutt.  Sylv. 

iii.  17,  t.  86  (var.  parvifolium,  a  small-leaved  form)  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  134 ;  Sargent,  U.  S. 

10th  Census,  ix.  28.8     (;.  vertlcale  (Ort.  Dec.  viii.  93  ?),  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub.  321.     G.  Sloium, 

Shuttl.  in  distr.  pi.  Rugel,  no.  68,  69.  — Keys  of  Florida.     (W.  Ind.) 

§  2.     Filaments  with  a  small  scale  at  or  near  the  base  :  leaflets  approximate. 

comparatively  small,  narrow,  and  more  numerous  ;  stipules  in  our  species  small 

and  subspinescent.  —  Porlieria,  Ruiz  &  Pav.  Prodr.  oo,  t.  9.     Guaiacum  §  Guaia- 

cidium,  Gray,  1.  c.  124,  t.  149. 

G.  Coulteri,  Gray.  Shrub  8  to  10  feet  high  :  leaves  3  to  5  pairs,  linear  oblong,  obscurely 
veinv,  half  inch  long :  fruit  4-5-coccous,  retuse  at  both  ends,  mucronulate,  half  inch  high  ; 
the  carpels  merely  carinate  on  the  back.  (Flowers  not  seen.)  —  PI.  Thurb.  312.  —  Below 
boundary  of  Arizona,  in  Sonora,  between  Rayon  and  Ures,  Thurber.  (Mex.,  Th.  Coulter* 
but  needs  comparison.) 
G.*  angUStifolium,  Engelm.s  Much-branched  shrub  or  small  tree,  with  spinescent 
branches  :  leaflets  4  to  8  pairs,  oblong-linear  or  linear-spatulate,  quarter  to  half  inch  long, 
reticulated  :  flowers  mostly  single,  very  short-peduncled,  5-merousor  occasionally  4-merous: 
filaments  with  a  short  .scale  at  base :  ovary  2-celled  :  fruit  somewhat  obcordate-bilobed,  cari- 
nate-margined.  —  Kugelm.  in  Wisliz.  1.  c.  113  (p.  29  of  reprint)  ;  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  158, 
&  Gen.  111.  ii.  124,  t.  149.  Porlieria  ancjustifolia.  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  28;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex. 
Bound.  42.  —  S.  and  W.  Texas  from  the  Colorado  south  and  west  to  the  Pecos;  where  first 
coll.  by  Lindheimer.     (Mex.,  first  coll.  by  Berlandier.) 

1  The  nearly  related  S.  American  L.  divaricnta,  Cav.,  with  which  this  species  has  recently  been 
united  (see  A.  M.  Vail,  Bull.  Torr.  Club.  xxii.  229),  has,  in  the  four  s])ocimens  at  hand,  more  narrowly- 
oblong  and  more  widely  spreading  leaflets,  which  are  less  inclined  to  be  falcate  and  are  more  decidodly 
connate.  In  herb.  Gray,  there  is,  on  the  other  hand,  a  specimen  collected  by  .yncra  and  labelled 
"  Int.  Buenos  or  Chili,"  which  is  without  doubt  identical  with  /..  ^fexicnnn.  The  following  synonymy 
may  be  added  to  our  own  species:  L.  trir/entata,  Coville,  Contrib.  U.  S.  N.it.  Herb.  iv.  75.  Zyfioihijl- 
lum  C(difornicum,  Torr.  &  Frem.  in  Frem.  Kep.  257,  ace.  to  Coville.  CoviUea  divaricata,  A.  M.  Vail, 
1.  c,  not  L.  divaricata,  Cav. 

2  Northward  to  S.  Colorado,  acc.  to  Coulter,  Man.  Rocky  Mt.  Reg.  43. 

3  Add  Silv.  i.  63,  t.  28. 

*  Also  about  Guavmas,  Mex.,  Palmer. 

5  This  species  is  referred  to  by  Dr.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii.  306,  as  "  G.  parvifoUum,"  while 
G.  parvifolium,  Planchon,  was  unnecessarily  given  a  new  name,  G.  Ptanchoni,  Gray,  which  must  fall 
into  synonymy. 


GKKAMACK-E.  357 

Okdeu    XXXII.     (.KKAMACK.E. 

]5V     \V.    TUKI.KASK. 

Herbaceous  or  sufTrutesceiit  terrestrial  or  luarsli  plants  (hi  our  rorrion).  of 
various  duration.  Leaves  alternate  or  occasinnally  oppoKite  or  pM-u.lo-vrrtiril- 
late,  simple,  parted  or  compound,  mostly  cut-toothed,  tlie  petiole  comnionlv  with 
stii)ular  eulargements.  Flowers  either  evidently  cymose,  solit^iry  and  t.-rminal. 
or  seemingly  racemose  or  umbellate,  usually  thowy,  variously  coI(»re«l.  p.-rf«Tt. 
mostly  5-merous  (3-G-merous  in  IJmnanthece,  and  tlie  earliest  Howor  of  Oxalit 
not  infrequently  6-merous),  symmetrical,  nearly  liypogynous.  Glands  of  tlie 
receptacle  as  many  as  the  sepals  and  opposite  them  (reduced  and  op|>osite  the 
petals  in  Oxalt's),  or  wanting  when  the  flower  is  spurred.  Sepals  and  petals  dis- 
tinct or  nearly  so.  Stamens  mostly  twice  as  numerous  as  the  pet^ils,  digtinn  (or 
somewhat  connate  in  Oxali's  and  Impatiens)  ;  anthers  round-oval,  more  or  Ies§ 
versatile,  2-celled,  with  longitudinal  dehiscence.  Carpels  as  many  as  and  alter- 
nate with  the  sepals,  united  about  a  columnar  prolongation  of  the  recepuicle 
except  in  Limnanthece ;  ovary  usually  deej)ly  lobed,  its  cells  l-nianv-<»vul»'<l; 
styles  mostly  united  below,  the  capitate  or  lateral  stigmas  usuallv  distinct.  See<ls 
exalbuminous   or  nearly   so   except    in    Oralis;    embr\o   straight  or  l>ent,   the 

cotyledons  somewhat  plicate  and  lobed  in  the  genera  with  di.ssected  leaves. 

Five  very  distinct  tribes  or  suborders,  which  are  generally  treated  as  orders  bv 
Continental  writers. 

Tribe  I.  GERANIE.S.  Flowers  regidar  or  nearly  so,  ."Vmerous.  Sopals  imbricate, 
persistent,  enlarging  somewhat  in  fruit.  Petals  iml.ricatc.  deciduous.  AntlnTif- 
erous  stamens  as  many  as  and  opjiosite  the  sepals,  or  twico  as  many,  with  p-rsi.st- 
ent  filaments.  Glands  of  receptacle  consjiicuous.  Carpels  2-ovuled,  In'roniing 
1-seeded,  breaking  elastically  from  the  persistent  fluted  beak  ;  seeds  with  little 
albumen  ;  embryo  with  sinuously  folded  incumbent  cotyledons. 

1.  GERANIUM.  Leaves  radiately  divided.  Peduncles  1-  or  nnwtly  2-flowered.  Flowers 
regular.  Stamens  with  anthers  10,  except  in  G.  pusillum.  Hipeiied  carpels  dehiment  on 
the  inner  suture,  the  stylar  portion  merely  arched,  and  nearly  glabroiu  on  the  inner  tide; 
seed  often  alveolate. 

2.  ERODIUM.  Leaves  often  pinnately  lohed  or  dissected.  Pediincle.M  mostlv  nnil>e]I.nto1r 
several-flowered.  Upper  pet.als  slifjlitly  smaller  than  the  others.  Anthcriffron<<  itt.inHn!<  5. 
Kipened  carpels  sharp-pointed  l)eliiw,  at  ni<>.*t  tardily  dehi.^cent,  the  .ntylar  prolongation  wlicn 
freed  spirally  twisting  lielow,  liearded  on  the  inner  side  ;  seed  smooth. 

Tribe  II.  PEL.VRGOXIK.E.  Flowers  somewhat  irrcgidar.  Sepals  iuibrioate.  the 
posterior  spurred.  Antheriferous  stamens  neither  n»  many  nor  twice  as  nianv  as 
the  jietals.     Glands  of  receptacle  wanting.     Seeds  exalbuminous. 

3.  PELARGONIUM.  Spur  decurrcnt  and  .idnato  to  the  pedicel.  .*?tanion»  10.  or  fewer 
by  ahortioii,  7  usually  with  antliers.  Carpels  .'i,  L'ovuled.  at  length  dry,  1  ii*-fdc«l.  pliinird, 
heaked,  liroakintr  from  the  axis  and  coiling  :us  in  /\r,>,lnim. 

4.  TROP.S:OLUM.  Spur  free.  Stamens  8,  all  with  anthers.  CarpeU  3.  l-oruW,  flwhr, 
beakless. 


358  GERAXIACE.E.  Geranium. 

Tribe  III.  LIMNAXTHE^.  Flowers  regular,  slightly  peiigjmous,  symmetrical. 
Sep.ils  valvate,  persistent  and  accrescent.  Petals  withering-persistent.  Stamens 
twice  as  many  as  the  petals,  all  antheriferous.  Glands  of  the  receptacle  evident. 
Seeds  exalbumiuous. 

5.  FLCERKEA.  Flowers  solitary  at  the  ends  of  bractless  axillary  peduncles,  3-5(or  rarely 
6)-merous.  Petals  rouvolute  or  not  overlapping  wlieu  small.  Carpels  1-ovuled,  distinct,  the 
5-lobed  stvle  rising  from  the  centre,  in  fruit  becoming  semi-drupaceous  rugose-tuberculate 
nutlets ;  embryo  straight,  with  flat  cotyledons. 

Tribe  IV.  OXALIDE.E.  Flowers  regular,  normally  5-merous,  symmetrical,  often 
heterogone.  Sepals  imbricate,  persistent,  scarcely  accrescent.  Petals  convolute, 
often  somewhat  united  toward  the  base.  Stamens  10  ;  filaments  sometimes  toothed 
or  with  an  additional  set  of  auricles  or  sterile  scales.  Glands  of  the  receptacle 
greatly  reduced  or  wanting,  alternate  with  the  sepals  when  present.  Seeds  al- 
buminous. 

6.  OXALIS.  Flowers  dichotomously  cymose  or  seemingly  umbellate.  Stamens  monadel- 
phous  in  2  sets  of  different  length.  Ovary  somewhat  S-lobed,  forming  a  loculicidal  several- 
seeded  capsule  tipjied  by  the  persistent  distinct  styles  with  capitate  stigmas ;  seed  with  a 
longitudinally  dehiscent  arilloid  outer  coat,  the  firm  inner  integument  usually  sculptured ; 
embryo  straight,  with  plane  cotyledons. 

Tribe  V.  BALSAMINE.E.  Flowers  irregular,  hypogynous,  usually  unsymmetri- 
cal  fi-om  the  suppression  of  2  sepals.  Sepals  and  petals  imbricate,  deciduous. 
Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals,  all  antheriferous.  No  glands  of  receptacle.  Seeds 
exalbumiuous. 

7.  IMPATIENS.  Flowers  several,  on  loosely  branched  bracteate  axillary  peduncles. 
Sepals  3,  the  posterior  petaloid,  saccate,  and  mostly  slender-spurred.  Petals  5,  the  lateral 
pair  on  each  side  united.  Stamens  somewhat  united  by  their  appendaged  filaments  and 
with  more  or  less  connate  anthers.  Style  almost  none ;  ovary  not  deeply  lobed,  somewhat 
fleshy.  Valves  of  the  capsule  at  length  breaking  elastically  from  their  septa  and  coiling ; 
seeds  with  4  longitudinal  ridges ;  embryo  straight,  with  nearly  plane  cotyledons. 

1.  GERANIUM,  Tourn.  Cranesbill.  (Name  from  ycpavos,  a  crane, 
because  of  the  beaked  fruit.)  — Usually  caulescent  herbs  with  simple  radiately 
divided  petioled  stipulate  leaves,  some  of  which  are  radical,  —  Inst.  266,  t.  142; 
L.  Gen.  no.  554;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  272  ;  Torn  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  206  ;  Gray, 
Gen.  111.  ii.  127,  t.  150  ;  Trelease,  Mem.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  72,  t.  9,  10, 
12  ;  Reiche  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  4,  8.  —  Widely  distrib- 
uted in  temperate  regions. 

*  Perennial  from  a  stout  caudex  :  flowers  large  (7  to  14  lines  in  diameter). 

•i—  Erect,  not  cespitose :  leaves  usually  few,  large  (often  4  or  5  inches),  incisely  3-5-parted, 
with  cuneate  divisions,  the  lowest  of  which  are  2-cleft  and  all  once  to  thrice  3-lobed  at 
apex  and  acuminately  serrate  ;  basal  sinus  mostly  V-shaped. 

++  Scarcely  glandular  except  the  calyx  :  petals  purplish,  not  villous  on  the  inner  surface : 
fruiting  pedicels  erect. 

G.  maculatum,  L.  Over  a  foot  high,  beset  with  spreading  or  mostly  retrorse  hairs :  leaves 
mottled,  all  the  cauline  except  the  primary  pair  greatly  reduced  :  pedicels  at  lengtli  about 
an  inch  long,  very  slender:  outer  sepals  finely  villous:  filaments  somewhat  cili.ate :  beak 
of  fruit  finely  pubescent.  —  Spec.  ii.  681  ;  Bifjel.  Med.  Bot.  i.  84,  t.  8  ;  Kaf.  Med.  Bot.  i.  215, 
t.  42;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  128,  t.  1.50;  Trelease.  1.  c.  74.  — Open  groves,  Canada  and  New 
England  to  the  Great  Lakes,  south  to  Iowa,  Mississippi,  and  Florida. 

G.  erianthTim,  DC  From  a  span  to  over  a  foot  high,  more  leafy -branched  :  leaves  in  small 
specimens  not  over  2  inches  wide,  with  more  numerous  narrower  crowded  lobes:  pedicels 


Geranium.  ( ;  \\\{\  s;  \  \c  K.K. 


350 


scarce! 


ely  over  l.alf  i,.,l.  1,.,,^.  nillK-r  .tout:  calvx  -l.-nM-Iy  w,K.lly.vill..m..  „k„,v  of  iu  h*i« 
glaiul-tipiK-.l :  hhiimi.t.s  loi.^r  ,„l„se  :  beak  of  fruit  .an.-Biiiit  an.l  ^..iiK«hut  viHoui..  —  I'ro^lr 
I.  641  ;  Trelexsu,  1.  c.  (J.  mn,, datum,  fi,  Hook.  Fl.  lior.-Aiu.  i.  116.  — Aliuka  mud  N  W 
Brit.  America.     (N.  K.  A.sia.) 

++  ++  At  least  tlie  pedicel.x  conspicuously  Blan.lular-pubeiwent :  p«-uU  more  or  lean  l^^-t 
on  the  iuuer  surface  witli  lung  white  rather  hiiff  liair^ :  fihinicnt«  villous,  fruitii.e  pe<li- 
cels  spreading  or  rcHexeil  and  l)ent. 

G.  incisum,  Nitt.  Coarser  than  the  j.receding  and  l.afv-l.niMcli.-d  :  jK-dir.-U  ai..l  oft«i 
petioles  or  even  the  entire  plant  dingy  glandnlarpnheMent  with  rather  hh-.rt  hair,  an.l 
somewhat  unciually  and  comn.nnly  retr..rsely  villuus.  or  or,ii>i..,.ullv  (in  a  fl.nd.r  form) 
canescent  with  very  short  incurved  hairs:  petals  purple:  Leak  of  fruit  xerv  ghindular  — 
Nutt.  in  'lorr.  &  (iray,  H.  i.  206  ;  Treh-asc,  1.  c.  74.  G.  albijlorum,  var.  (')  ,ur„„m,  Torr. 
&  (Jray,  1.  c.  G.  /Juokaimmm,  var.  iurisuw,  Walp.  Hep.  i.  450.  G.  vi»co»itiimum,  Fiwh  k 
Mey.  Ind.  Sem.  Ilort.  I'etrop.  xi.  Suppl.  18.  G.  i>et,l(i;/,,num,  Kngelm.  in  ^Vi^Ii/..  Tour 
Kortheru  Mex.  90.  G.  Fremuntii,  Macoun,  Pha-ni.g.  &  (ryptog.  11.  of  t'anad.  10.  (;. 
erianthiim,  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Kxped.  251  ;  IJndl.  Hot.  l{eg.  xxni.  .Mi.M-.  44.  xxviii.  t.  52.— 
"Woods  and  open  places  ;  the  coar>er  ukjic  villous  form  from  the  mountains  of  Hrit.  t'olumhim 
and  Saskatchewan  to  Oregon,  Idaho,  and  S.  Dakota;  the  slen<ler  more  (anes.ent  form  fn<m 
Central  California  to  Oregon,  Idaho,  and  Utah.  A  form  douhtfully  referahlc  here,  with 
the  purjile  glandg  of  the  next  species  and  .seemingly  glHhrous  magenta  j.etaU,  «-cur»  in 
Oregon,  Miss  Mnlford.  Some  Washington  specimens  have  the  glan.lular  hairs  alm<«l  con- 
cealed  heneath  the  very  abundant  long  hairs. 
G.  Richardsonii,  Fis<  a.  &  Tkaitv.  Slenderer,  iiicnnspicnoiisly  retron^elv  pulK'nceni 
below,  the  peduncles  and  pedicels  anil  sometimes  the  upper  jiart  of  tin-  stem  villous  \»ith 
long  white  hairs  tipped  with  purple  glands  :  leaxesthin,  the  uiipermost  with  the  terminal 
lobe  longer  than  the  often  greatly  reduced  lateral  lobes:  jiedicels  straighter:  jMtil.s  white, 
mcstly  roseate-veined:  beak  of  fruit  sparingly  puberulent  and  glandnlar-villous.  —  hid'. 
Sem.  Hort.  Petrop.  iv.  37  ;  Trelea.'^e,  1.  c.  75.  G.  albijlorum.  Hook.  FI.  Hor.-Am.  i.  1 16.  t.  40. 
G.  Ilookerianum,  Walp.  Hep.  i.  450.—  Open  places  and  ravines  in  the  mountains,  Saskaleh- 
ewan  to  Utah  and  New  Mexico.  A  reduced  very  slender  occjisionally  somev»liat  ce»pii«».e 
plant,  scarcely  to  be  referred  elsewhere,  occurs  in  the  mountains  of  New  Mexico,  WalrtMi; 
Arizona,  Knowlton,  Lemmon  ;  and  S.  California.  Some  Colonulo  specimens  liave  leaver  a|>- 
proaching  those  of  G.  Fremontii  in  outline,  and  it  is  not  certain  that  the  two  s|»ccie»  do  nut 
hybridize. 
G.  Mexicanum,  HRK.  Slender,  a  couple  of  feet  high,  coarsely  whit<>  hairy,  the  hairs  ap- 
j)rosse(l  on  the  leaves,  but  little  glandular  :  leaves  .3-lobed  with  openly  V-sha|Md  b.xvjil  siims ; 
the  lowest  very  long-petioled  ;  the  uppermost  less  than  an  inch  long,  with  the  Literal  lol«« 
greatly  reduced  :  flowers  sliort-pedicelled :  petals  white,  about  4  lines  long:  fruit  not  iicen. 
—  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  230.  G.  IhrnnuiUzii,  'I'relea.se,  I.e.  76.  —  Huachuca  Mountains, 
Arizona,  Lemmon.  Perhaps  also  Kio  Zuni,  New  Mexico,  Wooton.  (Mex.) 
-I—  H—  Spreading  and  cespito.se  from  the  branched  summit  of  the  cauilex,  leafv-hranchH  : 
leaves  firm,  of  medium  size  (1  to  3  inches),  3-partcd  with  broadly  cuneate  divinions;  Ihe 
cauline  mostly  truncate  at  Imse,  inci.sely  once  or  twice  3-lobed  at  apex  ;  the  lower  onco  or, 
especially  in  radical  leaves,  twice  cleft  on  the  lower  side:  petals  villous  witiiin :  fruiting 
pedicels  refracted. 

G.  Fremontii,  T<>im.  A  span  to  a  foot  or  two  high,  the  smaller  plants  s<nnplinios  mi1>- 
acaule.scent,  the  larger  with  slender  spreading  leafy  liranches,  dingy  glandularpul>e.««x-nt  at 
least  above  :  petals  rather  light  rose-purple  :  lieak  of  fruit  dirty-glandular  —  Torr.  in  (Jrar, 
PI.  Fendl.  26,  &  in  .Many,  Hep.  303,  t.  3 ;  Trelea.He,  1.  c.  75.  —  Mountains,  from  the  Hlar'k 
Hills  to  Utah  and  New  Mexico,  extending,  in  a  more  hnwely  bniiiched  |M<rha]M  iM-|KimMo 
form  witli  longer  and  paler  glandular  hairs,  into  Arizona,  Knowlinn.  /.rmmon:  and  .S.  Cali- 
fornia, Parish,  Orcult.  A  tall  form  of  the  Colorado  mountains,  witli  looM'Iy  vilh>us  as  well 
as  short  glandular  |inbescence,  and  often  slender  elongated  |M<tioles,  is  var.  PAkrti,  Kngrlni. 
in  Gray,  Am.  .Tour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  405. 

G.  caespitosum,  Jamks.  I'sually  sh-nderer.  often  r<M>ting  at  the  nodes,  with  lonper 
slenderer  retrorsely  hispid  or  canescent  but  not  glandular  ]>eilicels :  |>ctaU  roneale  to  rich 


360  GERANIACE.E.  Geranium. 

purple,  turning  brown,  seemingly  more  spreading  or  reflexed  than  in  related  species :  beak 
of  fruit  gray-pubescent :  otherwise  closely  resembling  the  last,  which  it  approaches  by  vari- 
ously glandular  forms  of  the  extreme  Southwest,  while  a  few  specimens  with  the  pubescence 
of  tliis  species  rather  than  of  G.  Fremontii  have  been  collected  in  Colorado,  Wyoming,  and 
California.  —  James  in  Long,  Exped.  Am.  ed.  ii.  3,  as  ccespitose ;  Torr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y. 
ii.  173;  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  25;  Trelease,  1.  c.  75.  —  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  southward. 
(Lower  Calif.) 
*  *  Annuals  or  winter-annuals  without  a  stout  caudex  (except  in  G.  pilosum):  leaves  rarely 

2  inches  long,  often  much  smaller:  pedicels  mostly  bent  in  fruit  except  when  crowded: 

flowers  small  (2  to  8  lines  in  diameter)  :  petals  not  conspicuously  villous  within. 
-J—  iSeo-ments  of  ripe  ovary  bearing  a  tuft  of  wliite  hairs  at  the  base  within,  the  top  not  filif- 

erous  :  leaves  radiately  lobed  or  mostly  dissected. 

++  Peduncles  1-flowered  •  leaves  3-cleft,  with  serrate  acute  divisions. 
G.  SiBiRiCUM,  L.     Slender,  repeatedly  forked,  short-villous  :  petals  dingy  white  with  purple 
veins  :  divisions  of  ovary  puberulent  and  sparingly  villous  :  seed  minutely  reticulate-arenlate. 
—  Spec.  ii.  683  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  76.  —  Established  on  Manhattan  Island,  and  occasional  else- 
where, e.  g.,  Illinois,  Bebb ;  California,  Miss  Edmonds.     (Introd.  from  Asia.) 

++  ++  Peduncles  2-flowered  :  leaves  several-lobed. 
=  Peduncles  and  pedicels  long  (1   to  3  inches)   and  slender :  carpels  neither  villous  nor 

wrinkled  :  seed  deeply  pitted,  subglobose. 
G.  coLUJiBfjJUM,  L.  Very  slender,  spreading  and  prostrate,  hispid  with  short  close  retrorse 
gray  hairs  which  on  the  calyx  are  nearly  confined  to  the  nerves ;  not  glandular  :  leaves  ."5-  or 
5-di"vided  and  dissected  into  numerous  linear  divisions  :  petals  rose-purple  :  beak  of  fruit  ap- 
pressed-hispid.  —  Spec.  ii.  682  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  —  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  and  S.  Dakota. 
(Introd.  from  Eu.) 
=  =  Peduncles  and  pedicels  short  (except  in  G.  Carol inianum,  var.  longipes) :  carpels  either 

conspicuously  hairy  or  wrinkled. 

a.  Seed  reticulately  ridged  or  pitted  :  carpels  hairy,  not  wrinkled. 
G.  Carolinianum,  L.  A  span  to  a  foot  high,  spreading  wlien  large,  loosely  gray-pubes- 
cent and  mostly  dingy-glandular :  leaves  incisely  3-  or  5-parted,  the  cuneate  segments  more 
or  less  deeply  cut-toothed  or  dissected,  with  the  ultimate  divisions  rather  broad:  peduncles 
and  pedicels  seldom  over  an  inch  long,  at  length  often  densely  crowded  among  the  upper 
leaves  :  petals  rose-colored  :  beak  of  fruit  loosely  villous  or  glandular ;  carpels  villous-hispid, 
usually  black ;  seed  low-reticulate.  —  Spec.  ii.  682  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  G.  atrum,  Mceiich, 
Meth.  285.  G.  lanuginosum,  Jacq.  Ilort.  Schanb.  ii.  8,  t.  140.  —  Open  places,  Canada  to 
Washington,  south  to  the  Gulf  and  California.  Most  common  in  the  South  and  West.  ( Mex., 
W.  Ind.)  A  form  from  New  Braunfels,  Te.xas,  Lindheimer,  with  deeply  pitted  round  seeds, 
but  scarcely  differing  otherwise,  is  var.  TexAncm,  Trelease,  1.  c.  About  New  York  City, 
and  elsewhere  in  the  East,  a  form  with  narrower  sepals  and  longer  pedicels  and  beak  than 
usual  is  G.  Dicknellii,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxiv.  92. 

Var.  longipes,  Watson.  Of  looser  habit :  leaves  commonly  cleft  into  3  equal  broad 
primary  lobes :  peduncles  long  and  spreading  ;  pedicels  scarcely  bent.  —  Bot.  King  Exp. 
50.  —  Mountains,  Colorado  and  Utah  to  Washington,  Suksdorf,  and  Brit.  Columbia,  ^faroun. 
G.  DISSECTUM,  L.  Very  like  the  preceding,  but  the  principal  lobes  of  the  leaves  conspicu- 
ously narrow,  with  ultimate  divisions  mostly  slender,  falcate,  and  very  acute  :  petals  deeper 
purple.  —  Cent.  i.  21,  &  Anioen.  Acad.  iv.  282;  Trelease,  1.  c.  77.  —  Vancouver  Island  to 
California.  (Introd.  from  Old  World.) 
G.  PiLosiM,  Forst.  f.  ?  Slender  and  spreading  from  a  thick  perennial  rootstock,  the  brandies 
at  length  a  foot  or  two  long,  retrorsely  canescent-pubescent  but  not  glandular  :  leaves  nearly 
as  in  G.  Carolinianum  but  smaller  and  with  more  open  sinuses,  the  ultimate  segments  narrow : 
petals  deep  purple  :  carpels  puberulent  and  somewhat  villous.  —  Prodr.  91;  F.  Muell.  Key 
Syst.  Vict.  PI.  i.  152.  G.  retrorsum,  Greene,  Man.  Bay-Keg.  69. — About  San  Francisco 
Bay,  California.     (Adv.  from  Austral.,  N.  Zeal.) 


Ero,lium.  (iKKANI  ACK.l-:.  3(J  J 

G.  i-AKviMoiu  M,  Will.l.  Sl.n.l.r  .iii.l  Hj.mi.liiiK.  r.-tr..n«ly  ^mv  i,ut--w«.r.t :  l.-aM-»  nith 
Lruad  less  lul.cii  diNisinns:  tl.iwtM  m.t  aKKr.Kaii-.|,  Miiiiill.  ih,-  .k-i-p  viol.-t  jh-uiIi.  Intl.-  i-x- 
ceediug  tlio  cah  x.  — Kmim.  716;  A.  Ka.stwou.1,  Krvth.-a.  iv.  145.  —  (•alif.,niia.  Mt  Taiiial- 
pais.  Con>,(l,m,  Duncan's  Mills.  /Jury.  ( A.lv.  fn.n.  So.  I'luifi,-  Mh  )  I'n.laMv  n„t  M-jwiralilc 
from  the  preceding,  with  which,  also,  it  has  sonietiniL-s  l>fen  rt-fi-rred  u>  (J.  ditttclum. 

G.  ROTiNniK6LHM,  L.  Low  and  spreading,  Blender,  war.elv  a  npan  high:  |.pdi«-lii,  etr., 
villous  with  i)ur|de  glandular  long  white  hairs  :  petals  entire,  small :  fruit  and  i--w!  m-arlr 
as  in  a.  disscrtum.  —  Siioc.  ii.  683;  Treleasc,  1.  c.  77.  — Michigan  and  about  New  York 
City.     (Introd.  from  Ku.) 

i.  Seed  neither  pitted  nor  reticnlately  ridge.l  :  i)et:ils  scarcely  exceeding  the  ralvx  oxc.pi 
in  the  second. 

G.  pusillum,  BruM.  f.  Slender,  spreading,  scjft-puhe.scent  or  the  calyx,  et<-.,  iwimewhat 
glaniliilar  villous  or  with  short  glands  :  leaves  small,  roundreniform  or  the  ran  line  truncate 
at  l)a.-ie,  c(iually  cleft  into  ahont  7  cuneate  ol.long  lol.es  each  more  or  less  regularlv  3  tootliinl 
at  apex  :  peduncles  di-strihuted  along  the  .stem  :  petals  pale  to  deep  violet,  somewhat  nouhod  : 
antheriferous  stamens  only  5  (exceptional  in  tiie  genus)  :  fruit  very  small  with  pulKTiilent 
beak,  the  carpels  1  line  long,  (inely  canescent,  not  wrinkled.  —  Sj.ec.  (Jemn.  27;  L.  Siiec. 
ed.  2,  ii.  9.'j7  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  77.  —Open  places,  Canada  to  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  and  Illinoia; 
also  in  Utah,  Jones,  and  from  Idaho  northwestward. 
G.  PyrenAici-.m,  Burm.  f.     (Spec.  Geran.  27).  a  European  perennial  with  the  aspect,  fruit. 

and  seed  of  the  last,  but  witii  obcordate  petals  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  appears  to  have  l.fen 

collected  many  years  ago  at  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania,  W'olle. 

G.  m6i.le,  L.  Resembling  0.  pusilltun,  but  lower,  the  leaves  shorter  lobed  and  the  flowppi 
fewer,  more  numerous  toward  the  top :  softly  and  densely  glandnlar-villous :  |)etals  deep 
purple,  obcordate  :  fruit  as  large  as  in  the  la.-it,  but  the  carj.els  glabrous  .ind  conspicu- 
ously trani^versely  wrinkled;  sec<is  slightly  striate.  —  Spec.  ii.  682;  Trclea-se.  1.  c.  77;  A. 
Ea.stwood,  Erythea,  iv.  151.— Canada  to  X'ancouver  I.sland,  .south  to  California,  Ohio,  and 
New  York.  (Sparingly  introd.  from  Eu.)  Si)ecimens  with  unwrinkle<l  carj.ela  have  Ikmjii 
collected  at  Falmouth,  Mass.,  Dvane,  and  Painesville,  Ohio,  Beardslte. 

•I—  -1—  Ovarian  portion  of  ripened  carpels  deciduous  from  the  style,  bearing  two  bristle- 
like  tuft.s  of  fibres  at  upper  end  :  leaves  I-2-ternately  <livided. 

G.  Robertianum,  L.  (IlEim  RonKitr.)  A  span  to  a  f(M.t  and  a  half  high.erect.sprfad- 
ing  or  decumbent,  purple-tinged,  pulterulent  and  loo.sely  glandularvillous.graveolent :  leaven 
3-5-angled,  their  ultimate  lobes  oblong,  coarsely  acuminate-toothed  :  pedicels  rather  short 
and  not  refracteil :  flowers  open  funnel-form,  rose-purple  :  car|>els  looselv  wrinkled,  sparingly 
pubescent;  .seeds  smooth. — Spec.  ii.  681  ;  Trelea.se,  I.e.  78.  (i.  iumlnrum.  I)..n,  Svst.  i. 
721.  —  Damp  ravines,  etc.,  New  Brunswick  and  Canada  to  Pennsvlvania,  Ohio,  and  Minne- 
sota.    (OM  World.) 

2.  ERODIUM.  L'ller.  Storksbill.  (Name  from  c/hoSuW,  a  heron,  because 
of  the  beaked  fruit.)  — Acaulescent  or  at  lenjSfth  caule.scent  herbs  with  the  racHc:il 
and  cauline  leaves  either  round-ovate  and  little  lobed  or  elongated  and  pinnati- 
sect.  —  Geraniol.  t.  1-G;  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  G2.')  ;  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  207  Gray. 
Gen.  111.  ii.  129,  t.  l.')!  ;  Bonth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  272;  Trelease.  Mem.  Boston 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  80,  t.  10  ;  Reiche  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab. 
4,  9. — Mostly  natives  of  the  north  temperate  portion  of  the  OKI  World,  some 
species  widely  distributed  as  weeds,  especially  in  sandy  regions, 

*    Leaves  round-ovate,  not  lobed  or  with  aj)proximated  l>roa<i  lolx^s  :  filaments  grftatlr  dilated 

atb.o.'se:  beak  of  fruit   nearly  2  inciies  long;  seeds  large  (2  to  'I\  lines  lung).     Native 

sjiecies. 

E.  macroph;^llum,  Hook.  &  .\kn.     I'sually  nearly  or  quite  acaulescent,  t4>ment<xK».  with 

cojjiiuis  interspersed  long  glaiulnlar  hairs,  at  le.ist  on  the  j»e<iicels  :  leaves  lriangulnr-o«a(o 

or  reniform  to  nearly  deltoid,  sometimes  cri'uately  IoIhhI,  cloncly  crenato ;  fluwem  mt^ily  a 


362  GERANIACE^.  Erodium. 

or  3  together:  petals  wliite,  5  to  8  Hues  loug,  little  surpassiug  the  broad  sepals:  beak  of 
fruit  stout ;  ripeued  carpels  more  hairy  than  in  our  other  species,  conspicuously  truncate  at 
top.  —  Bot.  Beech.  327;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  679;  Trelease,  1.  c.  81.  E.  Califoniicum,  K. 
Braudegee,  Zoe,  iv.  86.  —  Oregon,  Ashland,  Howell,  through  California.  (Lower  Calif., 
Parr;/,  Orcutl.) 

E.  Calif  ornicum,  Greene.  Tall  and  branching,  puberulent  and  beset  with  purple-ti|iped 
glandular  hairs :  leaves  ovate,  reniforni-cordate,  crisped,  crenate,  crenately  about  7-lobed  : 
Howers  frequently  5  or  6  in  a  cluster :  petals  deep  rose-red  or  purple  except  in  albinos.  — 
Fl.  Francis.  99,  &  Man.  Bay-Keg.  70. — California,  from  San  Francisco  southward. 

E.  Texanum,  Gray.  Ces])itose,  with  ascending  leafy  branches,  canesceutly  appressed- 
pubescent,  witliout  glandular  hairs  :  leaves  elongated-ovate,  cordate  to  truncate  or  the  upper 
narrowed  at  tiie  base,  the  radical  sligiitly  crenately  lobed  and  the  cauline  obtusely  3-5-loljed 
with  rather  acute  open  sinuses,  shallowly  crenate  to  dentate :  flowers  in  clusters  of  about  3  : 
sei)als  narrow,  often  silvery,  usually  purple-veined :  petals  purj)le,  7  to  9  lines  long  on  the 
earliest  flowers,  but  mostly  greatly  reduced  or  sujjpressed  :  beak  of  fruit  slender;  carpels 
not  prominently  truncate. —Gen.  111.  ii.  130,  t.  1.51,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  157,  &  PI.  Wright,  ii. 
23;  Trelease,  1.  c.  81.  — Texas  to  Central  California  and  Lower  California. 

*  *  Foliage  of  the  preceding,  but  the  upper  leaves  more  incisely  cut  and  serrate:  fruit 
small,  its  beak  al>out  an  inch  long ;  seeds  not  over  1^  lines  loug.  Ballast  plants  from  the 
Mediterranean  Kegion. 

E.  MALACOIDES,  Willd.  Caulcscent,  somewhat  glandular  and  hispid-villous  :  upper  leaves 
incisely  5-9-lobed,  irregularly  toothed  :  sepals  tijjped  with  bristle-like  hairs  :  petals  small, 
pale  roseate. —  Phyt.  10,  &  Spec.  iii.  639;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  v.  t.  185,  f.  4868  {Hero- 
dium) ;  Trelease,  L  c.  81  {malachoides).  — On  ballast,  New  York  City,  Brown. 

*  *  *  Leaves  oblong-ovate,  pinnatifid  to  tripinnatifid  :  fruit  large,  its  beak  3  to  5  inches 
long ;  seeds  as  in  the  last.  Occasional  rather  large  caulescent  plants  from  the  Mediter- 
ranean region. 

B.  cic6nium,  Willd.  Even  the  large  cauline  leaves  subternately  2-  or  3-parted  with  cuneate 
lobes,  the  lowest  of  which  are  often  somewhat  stalked,  round-toothed  :  sepals  long-])()inted,  not 
bristle-bearing:  petals  moderately  large,  deep  dull  purple.  —  Spec.  iii.  629;  Reichenb.  Ic. 
Fl.  Germ.  v.  t.  184,  f.  4866  (Ilerodium)  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  8L— On  ballast,  Philadelpiiia, 
Martindale. 

E.  BoTKYs,  Bertol.  With  coarse  white  pubescence:  cauline  leaves  smaller,  pinnatifid  into 
oblong  broad-based  acute  serrate  segments :  sepals  mostly  short-pointed  and  tipped  with 
1  or  2  short  bristles  :  petals  deep  violet.  —  Amcen.  Ital.  35  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  81.  —  Ballast  and 
refuse,  various  points  in  California,  and  at  Boston,  Mass.,  Murray.  Sometimes  flowering 
when  acaulescent  and  very  small  in  all  its  parts. 

*  *  *  *  Leaves  oblong,  pinnate  or  bipinnate :  petals  rose-purple,  small :  fruit  small,  its 
beak  1^  to  1|  inches  long;  seeds  as  in  the  preceding  section.  Hispid  or  glandular-villous 
cespitose  Mediterranean  species,  established  in  the  Southwest  and  occasional  elsewhere. 

B.  moschAtum,  L'Her.  Acaulescent  and  closely  prostrate  or  soon  with  ascending  branches, 
mostly  stout  and  glandular:  leaflets  usually  large,  short-stalked,  ovate  to  elliptical,  serrate, 
somewhat  inci.sely  broad-lobed,  the  terminal  cuneately  3-  or  5-parted ;  stipules  large,  rather 
obtu.se:  sepals  not  terminated  by  long  bristles  :  antheriferous  filaments  2-toothed. — L'Her. 
in  Ait.  Kew.  ii.  414;  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  631  ;  Torr.  Pac.  R.  Rep.  vii.  8;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl. 
Germ.  v.  t.  184,  f.  4867  (Herodinm) ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  81  ;  Parish,  Zoe,  i.  8.  —  California  and 
Lower  California,  and  occasional  in  the  Northern  Atlantic  States,  usually  in  heavy  soil. 

E.  cicutArilm,  L'Her.  Habit  of  the  last,  but  mostly  low  and  slender,  less  glandular,  often 
coarsely  canescent :  leaflets  small,  nearly  sessile,  the  uppermost  confluent,  more  oblong, 
incisely  pinnatisect  with  acute  usually  narrow  often  toothed  lobes;  stipules  commonly 
small  and  acute  :  sepals  with  1  or  2  terminal  bristle-like  hairs :  filaments  not  toothed.  — 
L'Her.  in  Ait.  Kew.  ii.  414;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  116  ;  Reichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  v.  21,  t. 
183,  f.  4864  (Ihrodium);  Hook.  &  Am.  Bot.  Beech.  136;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  208;  Gray, 
Gen.  ii.  130;  Trelea.se,  1.  c.  82;  Parish.  Zoe,  i.  8.  —  Vancouver  to  Lower  California, 
Texas,  and  Colorado,  chiefly  in  sandy  soil,  also  occasional  in  the  Eastern  States. 


Fl(£rkea.  (;I:KA.\IA»  K.K.  3(^3 

3.  PELARGONIUM,  \:\hv.  (Name-  from  Tr«A«,r/<A.  a  »ti.rk,  for  ilu- 
same  reason  as  in  Krodium.)  —  At  lcnj,'lli  caul.Mtni  ln-rlib  or  low  hliruWi.  with 
leaves  and  stipules  as  in  Eiodinm.  l>Mo\virs  usually  cluhlinMl  on  roinnionlv 
elongated  iR'duncles.  —  Gnaniid.  t.  7-."5.i,  et<-.  ;  H.-ntii.  A:  ll.iok.  Gen.  i.  'Il.\; 
Keiche  in  Engl.  «&  Prantl,  Nat.  rHan/tnf.  iii.  Al).  I,  lu,  —  Mohtlv  niilive»  of 
Africa  and  Australia,  including  the  so-called   Gernniunis  of  cullivalicMi. 

P.  Anckj's,  L'lk-r.  Ces|iitosil_v  uprwuling  from  u  Hi.iut  ri>ot.  with  Hubx'fuiili-  Klnn'liilnr  pii»*»- 
cenie  above  :  leaves  rijiind-reiiifuriii,  creiuilatc  ami  olimurely  cri-naU-iy  IoIm-.I.  iii<.r«  or  If** 
crisped,  usually  much  slmrtir  than  ih.ir  peliohs:  Ihiwern  nilin-r  deiuM-ly  uinlK-lli-d,  miiiuie. 
deep  violet :  petals  al.oui  equal  to  ami  pedicels  a  little  longer  than  the  nh..rt  w-al.n.iw  m-|>iiU  : 
beak  of  fruit  about  6  lines  long.  —  L'ller.  in  Ait.  Kew.  ii.  VM;  .Iiici|.  ('olloct.  iv.  IM,  l  ^2, 
f.  3;  A.  Kiistwood,  Krythea,  iv.  34.  —  Oakland,  California,  Miss  E>istwiHMl.  A  chaiice 
iiitroductinii.     (Adv.  from  S.  Afr.) 

4.  TROPuSOLUM,  L.  Nastiktilm.  (Nam.-  fnmi  r/^oTrato,,  a  t.ij:ii  of 
victory,  from  the  shield-shaped  leaves.)  — (limliing  or  s|)reading  slendcr-ht«-niin<-d 
pungent  herbs  with  alternate  frecjuently  peltate  round  leaves.  StipuU-s  wanting 
or  minute.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  mostly  on  slender  pi<luncles.  —  Gen. 
no.  323;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  274;  Keiche,  1.  c.  2<; ;  Huchenau  iu  Engl. 
Jalirb.  XV.  180-2o*J,  xxii.  157-183.  —  Natives  of  South  America. 

T.  mAji;s,  L.  StrajfglintT,  glabrous:  leaves  rouml,  peltate,  rep.ind :  Hnwers  large,  vari">n>ly 
yellow  or  reddish,  the  lower  petals  fimbriate  at  biuse.  —  Spec.  i.  345 ;  ('urti«.  It.it.  .M.ng  u 
23;  (ireene,  Fl.  Frauds,  i.  99. — A  I'eruvian  plant,  escaping  from  cultivatiim  in  California 
Jide  Greene,  1.  c. 

5.  FLCfcRKEA,  AVilM.  (Namd  after  Elorkc,  a  G.rman  botanist,) — 
Pungent,  soft-stemmed  annual  herbs  with  alternate  once-thrice-pinnately  disserted 
petioled  mostly  exstipulate  leaves.  —  Neue  Schr.  Ges.  Nat.  Fr.  lierlin,  iii.  HH; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  210;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  1.31».  t.  l.'.l ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen. 
i.  275 ;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  v.  20 ;  Trelease,  Mem.  Boston  8oc.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  H.*) ; 
Reiche  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  PHanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  .'».  137. —  Exclusively  North 
American  ;  the  type  of  the  genus  trimerous,  while  the  other  species  constitute 
Limnanthes,  a  scarcely  .separable  genus  which,  however,  is  still  maintained  by 
some  authors. 

*   Flowers  trimerous:  petals  oldong,  entire,  subacute,  shorter  than  the  sepaK  oj>on  in  asti- 
vation  :  stigmas  little  enlarged  :  pediuicles  bent  Ijelow  the  flower.  —  Flirrkra  proper. 
F.  proserpinacoides,   Wm.i.d.  1.  c  449.     (False  MKitMAin.)     (il:ibn.usw<'.-»k  stemmed. 

a  spun  to  a  foot  liiirh  :  .livisions  of  leaves  3  to  mostly  .5.  linear,  lanre.date  or  . K-cjuiion.il Ir 

ellijitical,  remote,  entire  :  petals  white,  not  over  a  line  long  :   fruit  subghdnme,  I^  to  a  lines 

long,  loosely  tuberculate.  —  Lindl.  J.mr.  Bot.  i.  1,  t.  113;  Torr.  &  (Jray.  Fl.  i.  210;  (Jray. 

1.  0. ;  Trelea.se,  1.  c.  8.5.     F.  Inmstn's,  T'ers.  Syn.  i.  393.     F.  uh'fjiiioso.  Muhl.  Cat.  36.     /'.  /«/i«. 

tris.  \utt.  r.en.  i.  229.     Xertn'x  piiinntn,  I'ursh,  Fl.  i.  239.      ('nfmmhfi  pitinnlo,  S<-h»U.  Sy»t.  rii. 

l.'jVO—Can.ida  to  Oregon,  south  in  the  East  to  renn.sylvania  and  llliiioisi.  ami  in  the  West 

to  California  and  Utah. 

»   ♦   Flowers  4-6-morons :  pot.ils  oblong-  to  ol>ovnte-cnnenfe,  tninr.ito  or  em.irginnle.  o.n 
volute  :  stigmas  small,  capitate  :  peduncles  mostly  straight. —  I.imnuuthrs. 
4—  Flowers  4-merons  :  petals  short  ami  narmw. 
F.  Macounii,   Trki.kase,  n.  comb.     fJlnbrous,  2  or  3  inches  high  :  divi«ion«  nf  le.ireo  .5  to 

9.  remote,  small,  ovate,  mostly  .3-cleft,  with  acute  bdies :  sepals  nither  obtuiw     potaU  while, 

U  to  2  lines  long:  nutlets  obovoi.i.   1^  lines  long,  with  v.-ry  prominent  tulwrcW  —  A**- 

nnnlhes  Maronnii,  Trelea.se,  1.  c.  8.").  —  Vancouver  Island,  Mactiun. 


364  GEKANIACE.E.  Flcerkea, 

■t-  H—  Flowers  5  (or  exceptionally  6) -raerous  :  petals  broader,  usually  exceeding  the  sepals  : 
nutlets  about  2  lines  long. 

F.  Douglasii,  Baillon.  Glabrous,  very  spreading,  the  branches  a  span  to  a  foot  or  more 
long :  divisions  of  leaves  3  to  mostly  about  9,  from  linear  and  entire  to  mostly  lanceolate 
and  laciuiately  once  or  twice  cleft  into  narrow  acute  lobes :  sepals  narrow,  acute :  petals 
yellow,  white,  or  occasionally  roseate  near  the  end,  rather  narrow:  nutlets  from  smooth  to 
strongly  tuberculate. — Hist.  PI.  v.  20,  f.  50-54;  Greene,  ¥1.  Francis.  100.  Limnanthes 
Douglasii,  K.  Br.  Loud.  &  Edinb.  Phil.  Mag.  ii.  70;  Lindl.  Bot.  Heg.  t.  1673;  Hook.  Bot. 
Mag.  t.  3554;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  95,  excl.  syn. ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  85.  L.  grandijiorus 
and  L.  sulphureus  of  gardens.  —  Oregon  to  Southern  California.  A  low  form  2  or  3  inches 
high,  with  the  petals  scarcely  eciualliiig  the  rather  broad  sepals,  from  Table  Rock,  Oregon, 
Howell,  635,  is  L.  intmila,  Howell  in  herb.  Tall  ("aliforniau  jjlants,  a  foot  or  more  high, 
often  at  first  somewhat  woolly  as  in  F.  alba,  constitute  F.  versicolor,  Greene,  Erythea, 
iii.  62. 

F.  rosea,  Gkekne.  Glabrous,  scarcely  over  a  span  high  :  divisions  of  leaves  more  linear 
or  tiliform,  less  incised  :  petals  broader,  whitish,  marked  by  longitudinal  roseate  lines :  iruit 
very  rough  :  otherwise  like  the  last.  — Fl.  Francis.  100.  Limnanthes  rosea,  Hartw.  in  Benth. 
Pl.Hartw.  302;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  ii.438;  Fl.  Series,  v.  431  b;  Trelease,  1.  c.  85.— 
Nortlieru  Central  California. 

F.  alba,  Greene.  Low,  rather  erect  and  often  subcorymbose  :  young  parts  and  flower  buds 
very  wliite-woolly  with  long  hairs :  leaf-segments  about  7,  narrowly  lanceolate,  commonly 
entire  except  for  the  lowest  pair  which  are  3-divided,  but  occasionally  pinnatifid  with  about 
5  ultimate  segments:  sepals  relatively  broad  :  petals  yellowish  white,  often  roseate  or  pur- 
plish at  top  :  nutlets  prominently  rugose-tuberculate. — Fl.  Francis.  100.  Limnanthes  alba, 
Hartw.  in  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  301  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  95  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  84.  — 
Oregon  and  the  Sierras  of  California.  Tall  plants,  a  foot  or  more  high,  with  the  flowers 
soon  almost  glabrous,  have  been  collected  in  California,  at  Madera,  Buckminster,  Tunis  Mill 
and  lone,  Brandegee,  and  perhaps  represent  a  state  of  F.  versicolor,  Greene,  Erythea,  iii. 
62,  which  is  held  to  be  merely  a  transiently  hairy  form  of  F.  Douglasii. 

6.  OXALIS,  L.  Wood  Sokrel.  ('O^v's,  sharp,  from  the  acid  taste.)  — 
Annual  or  perennial  acid  herbs  sometimes  woody  at  base,  with  compound  petioled 
leaves  with  entire  or  emargiuate  leaflets,  some  species  producing  cleistogamous 
flowers  at  base.  —  Gen.  no.  377  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  210  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii. 
Ill,  t.  144;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  276;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  v.  41;  Trelease, 
Mem.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  86,  t.  1 1  ;  Reiche  in  Engl.  &,  Prantl,  Nat. 
Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  4,  19.  —  Mninly  South  American  and  African,  but  a  few  species 
in  the  temperate  regions  of  the  Old  and  New  World. 

*  Caulescent :  flowers  yellow,  sometimes,  like  the  rest  of  the  plant,  tinged  with  red-purple, 
-t—  Leaves  unifoliolate,  with  free  setaceous  stipules  :  flowers  homogone  ? 
O.  dichondraefolia,  Gray.  A  span  to  a  foot  high,  appres-sed  gray-villous  throughout, 
fruticose  at  base,  the  cespitose  branches  spreading  :  leaflet  round-ovate,  wavy-margined, 
cordate,  abruptly  mucronate,  6  to  15  lines  long,  articulated  at  tlie  summit  of  tlie  often  longer 
petiole:  flowers  6  lines  long,  solitary  on  axillary  peduncles  often  exceeding  the  leaves,  seta- 
ceously  bibracteate  near  the  top :  sepals  auriculately  cordate  :  petals  narrow,  clawed,  about 
twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  rounded  or  mucronulate  at  apex  :  capsule  round-ovoid,  scarcely 
as  long  as  the  sepals  ;  seeds  about  3  in  each  cell,  broad,  about  1  line  long,  with  prominent 
tubercles  somewhat  obliquely  confluent.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  27,  ii.  25  ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound. 
41  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  87,  t.  11,"  f.  1  ;  Heller,  Contrib.  Herb.  Franklin  &  Marshall  Coll.  i.  54. 
—  Southern  and  Southwestern  Texas.     (Mex.) 

-t—  H—  Leaves  piunately  trifoliolate,  exstipulatc  :  flowers  heterogone  ? 
O.  Berlandieri,  Torr.     About  a  span  high,  loosely  dingy-villous  throughout,  snffrutescent 
at  base,  the  few  ascending  basal  branches  rather  strictly  subcorymbose  above  :  leaflets  oblong, 


oralis.  (iKKAMACi;.!:.  3g5 

sliort-stalked,  al.out  n  lints  lonp.  olilicimly  cmarKiiiutf,  llic  tcriniiial  momly  larfjer  aii.l  cud»- 
ate;  the  coniiiioii  priiole  li.njjcr  tlian  tli<icali.i)* :  llower;*  al.-.m  »i  liti<-ii  l<>ii^Mili..rt  |i.-<lu.-lli-J. 
mostly  3  ti)f;etlier,  at  the  iiidi^uf  axillary  |M<iuiirl.-^  alx.ut  <<nial  t<.  tin-  li-m.-*tti,.|  sirs  i>U;rU 
bracteil  at  top :  st-pals  lanreolatf  :  iH-lal.s  ..iM.vatc.  ttiri.f  aw  |..iij;  it»  th,.  ralyx.  n.uri<l«-«l  «l 
apex:  capsule  uv..itl,  a  little  surpiissinj,' the  sopalM  ;  we.N  1  i<.  .'I  in  each  cell',  mJ.lij.h.  fiui- 
forin.  soiiiewliat  tlatienecl,  three  fi)Urih.s  line  lonj;,  «iih  x  luiiKiiiiilinnl  zi^uiK  *i«K>'  "f  runi 
of  teeth.  —  But.  Mex.  linuMil.  41  ;  Treleaj*e.  1  e.  K7 .  I.  II,  f   2. —  . Southern  'Iexa». 

-<—•<—•»—  Leaves  palniately  trifoliolate,  ox.-itipiilale  or  with  bhiirt  ailiiate  ^lipul<••:  Icnflctx 
suhsessile,  somewhat  ohli(|nely  ol)eor(late-<iineate,  variou>ly  (tiirfajiMMl  Ipv  the  ctniiiiiuu 
petiole:  capsule  several-seeded  ;  seeds  about  time  fourths  line  lonjj,  reddiidi  hrowu.uvato, 
acute  at  apex,  flattened,  with  1  to  3  deej)  marj;inal  grooves  and  nuuieroun  trauavenie 
ridges  somewhat  interrupted  by  2  low  longitudinal  elevations  on  each  siile. 

++  Flowers  small,  homogoiie,  the  styles  alnjut  e<iiialling  the  longer  stamens. 

=   Leafy  branches  from  a  stout  erect  woody  camiex. 

O.  W^rightii,  (iitAV.  About  a  span  high,  more  or  less  appre.K.sed-villous  throughout,  cfupi- 
lose,  the  prostrate  and  rooting  or  iiscentling  sleii<ler  stems  suffrutesrent  and  nmn'  or  lemi 
branched  below:  leaflets  2  to  5  lines  long,  often  broader;  the  common  |H-tio|e  somcHhat 
stipular-dilated  at  base  :  flowers  about  5  lines  long,  orange-i<jlore<l,  often  drying  with  a  tinge 
of  blue,  1  to  3  at  the  ends  of  (or  occasionally  di.-itributcd  along)  the  elongated  axillary  |H*<lun- 
des,  which  are  short- bracted  at  top;  the  refracted  j)edicels  at  length  alK»ut  H  lines  long: 
sepals  lanceolate,  mostly  obtuse:  jietals  obovate,  twice  a.s  long  iis  the  <alyx,  usually  emargi- 
nate  :  caps^ules  oblong,  several  times  as  long  as  tlie  .M-pals.  —  I'l.  Wright,  i.  27.  ii.  2.'i ;  'li.rr. 
&  Gray,  Pac.  U.  Hep.  ii.  lt>l  ;  Torr.  Hot.  Mci.  Houml.  41  ;  'IreleiLM-.  1.  c.  hh  ;  Hnindeguc, 
Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  202;  I'arish,  Krytlna,  iii.  CO. —  Central  California  to  Texaa. 
(Mex.) 

=  =  Not  from  a  stout  caudex,  herbaceous. 
a.    Without  subterranean  runners,  mostly   perennial:    inflorescence  soemingly  umUUate  ; 
pedicels  refracted  in  fruit. 

O.  cornicul.4t.\,  L.  Annual,  cespitose,  ])rostrate  and  rooting  at  the  node*  or  aflopnding ;, 
the  slender  branches  from  a  span  to  a  foot  long,  .soniewhat  rougbvillous  :  leaflets  3  to  5  linpn 
long  and  mostly  a  little  wider;  sti]>ules  evident,  round-top|ied  or  truncate,  adnale  t«i  the 
petiole:  flowers  aliout  3  lines  long,  .solitary,  or  usually  paireil  or  umbelled  ;  the  shortly 
bract eate  peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves  ;  pedicels  elongated  :  sepals  lanceol.ite  t<i  oblong, 
rather  obtuse:  petals  obovate,  about  twice  as  long  a.s  the  calyx,  obsmnly  crenulale  or 
emarginate ;  styles  and  longer  stamens  about  as  long  as  the  sepals:  fruit  .-is  in  the  last. 
—  Spec.  i.  435;  Jacq.  Oxal.  16,  30,  t.  5;  Kll.  Sk.  i.  52.');  Zucc.  Oxal.  34.  &  Nachtr.  53; 
Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  117  ;  Torr.  &  Cray,  Fl.  i.  211  ;  Heichenb.  Ic.  Fl.  (Jerm.  v.  t.  I'JS.  f. 
4896  ;  Trelcase,  1.  c.  88,  in  jiart,  &  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  28G.  O.  pusUIn,  Sali.nb  Tninn. 
Linn.  Soc.  ii.  243,  t  23,  f.  .").  —  Occasional  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  esjM-cially  sontliward.  and 
a  greenhouse  weed  everywhere.  (Introd.  fnmi  Ku.  and  Tropics.)  A  form  with  ibep  re«|. 
purple  stems  and  foliage,  sometimes  cultivated  for  bedding  efTect,  and  mon-  or  le.-w  |M«r.i!«t- 
ent  about  gardens,  is  var.  ATKOpriii't;itK.\,  I'lanch.  Fl.  Serros,  xii.  t.  1205,  sometimes  known 
al.so  as  var.  rubra,  var.  tnrida,  and  as  O.  tro/>trnl<>ii/rs. 

Var.  Dillenii,  Tkki,k.\sk,  n.  comb.  A  sj>an  or  less  high,  cespit.»s<\  m<»stly  «ubor«>rt, 
branched  from  the  ba.«e,  rather  .stout  stemmed,  from  a  thickish  jiereiiuial  root,  apprf>»so<l  gray- 
strigose:  petiole  dilated  below  the  jmlvinus  into  an  entirely  adiiate  stipular  membrane:  i»«<«li. 
eels  rather  stout  and  short,  or  exceptionally  elongateil  and  br.iite:»te  near  the  mitldlc: 
flowers  4  or  5  lines  long:  petals  fre(|iiently  brown  within  towanl  the  Icvw- ;  sH  les  Mtmelimrii 
evidentlv  longer  than  the  stamens:  capsule  relatively  large:  otherwise  like  the  lyj*. — 
0.  />////«//,  Jac<i.  Oxal.  1.').  28  {(In/.t  lulra  Amrricnui  humilior  fl  annnn.  Dill.  Kith.  ii.  «8. 
t.  221,  f.  288) ;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  323  ;  Ziicc.  Oxal.  35.  '  O.  j'urcala.  Kll.  Sk.  i.  527.  O.  rttrn.cn- 
/o/ri,  Trele.-t.se,  Mem.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  88,  in  large  j.arl.  O.  ttrin.i,  Smull.  Hull 
Torr.  Club,  xxiii.  267. —  From  the  (Jre.at  Lnkes  to  Vancouver.  Texa*.  Florida,  and  New 
Jersey.  A  more  erect  .stouter  and  more  canescent  form  than  the  ty|M'.  app.-aring  i>|NH-ificallj 
distinct  in  spring,  but  the  more  prostrate  forms,  cs|H.'cially  late  in  suronicr,  |>aMing  into 


366  GERANIACE.E.  Oxalis. 

the  type.     Some  Floridan  specimens  for  the  present  referred  liere  {Nash,  no.  118,  Palmer, 
no.  67)  have  very  slender  capsules. 

b.  Producing  horizontal  perennial  rhizomes  in  summer :  inflorescence  dichotomously  cymose 
in  luxuriant  specimens  ;  pedicels  not  refracted. 

O.  Stricta  L.  Annually  renewed  from  the  slender  rhizomes :  stems  slender,  solitary,  erect, 
a  span  to  a  foot  or  more  high,  somewhat  branched  above,  softly  villous  and  a  little  strigose,  or 
ghibrescent':  leaflets  3  to  8  lines  long  and  mostly  broader ;  slender  elongated  common  petioles 
without  evident  stipules  :  flowers  3  to  4  lines  long  :  pedicels  slender,  short,  divergent :  sepals 
lance-ovate,  obtuse  :  petals  subentire,  scarcely  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx  :  styles  generally 
a  little  longer  than  the  stamens  and  sepals.  —  Spec.  i.  435  {Oxys  s.  tnfulium  luteum  curnicu- 
latum  Virginiaiium,  etc.,  Morison,  Plant.  Hist.  ii.  sec.  2,  t.  17,  f.  3) ;  Jacq.  Oxal.  29,  t.  4  (but 
pedicels  shown  :is  refracted)  ;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  .'J26;  Zucc.  Oxal.  34,  &  Naclitr.  64  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.- 
Am.  i.  118;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  212;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  112,  t.  144,  f.  7-11.  0.  corniculata, 
var.  stricta,  Sav.  in  Lam."  Diet.  iv.  683  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  88.  70.  Jiorida,  Salisb.  Prodr.  322. 
0.  ambigua,  Salisb.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ii.  242,  t.  23,  f.  4.  0.  ci/mosa,  Small,  Bnll.  Torr. 
Club,  xxiii.  267.  — New  Brunswick  to  South  Dakota,  Colorado,  Indian  Territory,  and  South 
Carolina  ;  fl.  some  three  weeks  later  than  the  preceding.  (Old  World.) 
++  ++  Flowers  larger,  heterogone-trimorplious. 

O.  recurva,  Elliott.  A  span  high,  at  length  with  very  slender  ])rostrate  stems  a  foot  or  more 
long,  with  greatly  elongated  internodes,  from  a  seemingly  jxTcnnial  root,  usually  villous: 
leaflets  3  to  7  lines  long,  deeply  notched;  stipules  small,  adnate,  somewhat  rounded  at  top: 
flowers  5  to  6  lines  long,  usually  in  pairs,  the  very  slender  elongated  pedicels  a  little  arcuate, 
often  bent  near  the  capsules  or  refracted,  occasionally  bracted  about  the  middle:  sepals 
lanceolate,  rather  acute :  petals  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx  :  styles  decidedly 
longer  than  the  .sepals  in  the  long-styled  form.  —  Sk.  i.  526  (the  short-styled  form) ;  Small, 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxi.  474,  t.  222.  W.  Lyoni,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  322.  ?0.  cesi>itosa,  Raf.  New 
Fl.  ii.  27.  O.  curnicii.'ala,  var  (?)  macrantha,  Trelease,  1.  c.  88,  t.  11,  f.  5,  as  to  the  eastern 
form.  0.  macrantha,  Small,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxiii.  268. —  Pennsylvania  to  E.  Texas  and 
Florida.     Intermediate  in  a.spect  between  0.  stricta  and  0.  corniculata. 

O.  pumila,  Nutt.  Perennial,  from  at  length  woody  creeping  rootstocks:  stems  single  or 
somewhat  approximated,  a  span  or  two  high,  slender,  more  or  less  villous  :  leaflets  4  to  8 
lines  long  and  somewhat  broader,  without  stipules :  flowers  6  to  9  lines  long,  solitary  or 
usually  in  pairs,  briglit  yellow  ;  pedicels  very  slender,  elongated,  spreading  or  somewhat  re- 
fracted in  fruit :  sepals  oblong,  rather  obtuse  :  petals  about  tliree  times  as  long  as  the  calyx  : 
styles  or  longest  stamens  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals :  capsule  usually  little  exceeding  the 
sepals.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  212,  note.  0.  Suksdorjii,  Trelease,  1.  c.  89,  &  Trans. 
St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  288 ;  Eliot,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  278,  f.  1 ;  Small,  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
xxiii.  456.  0.  corniculata,  var.  (1)  macrantha,  Trelease,  Mem.  Bo.ston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  88, 
as  to  Califoruian  specimens.  —  Oregon  to  Central  California.  The  west-coast  representative 
of  the  preceding:  both  comparable  with  a  part  of  what  has  been  referred  to  0.  microphi/lln, 
Poir.  in  Australia.  0.  pilosa,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  212  ;  Small,  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
xxiii.  457,  of  California  from  the  Sacramento  to  Santa  Barbara,  if  separable,  differs  cliiefly 
in  the  stouter  subterranean  parts  and  the  capsule  7  to  8  lines  long. 

O.  grandis,  Small.  Perennial  by  slender  horizontal  rootstocks  that  are  villous  toward 
the  base :  stems  single,  little  branched,  at  length  2  feet  high,  mostly  stout  and  soft-villous 
throughout :  leaflets  about  an  inch  long,  often  very  cuneate  and  shallow-notched,  brown- 
margined  ;  no  stipules  :  flowers  8  to  9  lines  long,  in  few-flowered  umbels,  or  cymose,  their 
slender  pedicels  rather  short,  sometimes  refracted  in  fruit :  sepals  ovate-oblong,  obtuse : 
petals  about  three  times  as  long  as  the  calyx,  bright  yellow,  ])rown-striate  within  at  base  : 
styles  or  longest  stamens  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals.— Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxi.  475,  t.  223. 
0.  recurva,  Trelease,  1.  c.  89,  &  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  289,  not  Ell.  —  Pennsylvania  to 
S.  Missouri  and  North  Carolina.     A  trimorphous  species  long  confoundei\  with  0.  stricta. 

*  *  Acaulescent,  perennial  by  a  slender  rootstock  covered  above  with  imbricated  dilated 
fleshy  leaf-bases :  flowers  white  or  pinkish,  mostly  red-veined,  homogone  :  leaves  palmately 
trifoliolate. 


Oxalis.  (.KKANIAIK.K.  307 

-«-    Scapps  l/l<>w<Tt'«| :  cap.xiilo  round  u\..i.l,  fi-WM-»-<|..U 

O.  Acetosella,  l-  Si-aiin-^ly  \illous:  |.cti..l.s  ji  hpaii  Ion;;  or  Irw  ;  li-aflft*  5  to  8  linn 
lun^^  and  (c.n>idLTalily  wit'ir,  olHordale,  witli  a  muuII  nii-nil>ntnoun  fold  in  tin-  muiui.  M-a|M^ 
soliiaiy  or  1l\v,  .slentli-r,  a  liltlr  longer  than  tliu  It-avi-h,  l.ilinultalf  fhorlly  nl«.w  ihe  mi.ldlf  : 
tiowers  about  8  lines  long:  sepalu  ovaleoldong,  ruliier  oliluw.  purple  tip|M-d  :  jm-uUh  oUamU-. 
broadly  nutelied,  about  4  tinu-M  lus  long  us  tlie  calyx  :  eapnule  a  line  and  a  half  long;  iu-«><l» 
ovoid,  acute  al)ove,  ob.scurely  pilied  and  with  about  5  nliallow  gnj<i\eB  on  em  li  itide  —  S|nf. 
i.  433;  Jac(|.  (».\al.  20,  114,  t.  80,  f.  I  ;  Kei.benb.  le.  Fl.  tierni,  v.  t.  I'J'J.  f,  4Hy(* ;  \Ut.  Med. 
Bot.  ii.  40,  t.  G8  ;  Torr.  &  (Jray,  l-l.  i.  I'll  ;  'lrelea.se,  Mem.  Ho^ton  Sk-  Nal.  Hi*t.  iv.  ftO,  t. 
11,  f.  7.  O.  louijijlora,  L.  Spee.  i.  433.  O.  Amenciiwi,  IJigel  in  DC.  l'r.Hlr.  i.  700;  Za'cc, 
Oxal.  26,  &  Nachtr.  35.  —  New  Brunswick  to  MinucKoU,  lUMitli  t<i  Virginia  and  the  mountMinii 
of  North  Carolina.  (( >ld  Worlil.)  Recurved  »ca|H.-.s  U-ar  cleihtogene  Ihmen*  nio«tly  c..ui-eaJ.-<l 
among  the  moss,  etc.,  at  biise  of  the  j)lant. 

O.  Oregana,  Nitt.  Coarser  and  more  densely  rusty-villouH  :  jx-tiolej*  Hoinetimeji  a  fool 
long;  leaflets  becoming  IJ  inches  long,  then  relatively  narrow:  scaj*.-*  Hh<»rter  than  the 
leaves,  au  inch  to  a  span  long,  broadly  bibracteato  an  .inch  or  less  Indow  the  Hower :  jn-talii 
nearly  an  inch  long:  capsule  5  lines  long;  seeds  nearly  2  lines  long:  otherwiM;  remMnbling 
the  preceding.  — Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Ciray,  Fl.  i.  211.  if.  Anlusriln,  \ar.  Oroinnn,  'IreleiuM-, 
I.e.  90.  0.iys  Oret/aiia,  LircGuc,  Man.  Bav-I{eg.  71.— Mountains,  Wsishingtou  u,  Central 
California. 

+-  -i-    Scapes  umbellately  several-flowered  :  capsule  linear-oblong,  several  s<'eded. 

O.  trilliifolia,   Hook.     A.«pect  of  larger  sjiecimens  of  the  liust,  at  most  sparingly  villoiui: 
petioles  sometimes  a  foot  long;  leaflets  I  to  2  inches  long,  relatively  narrow  when  large: 
scapes  mostly  several,  as  long  as  the  lesnes,  umliellately  about  6-flowered ;  |>edicels  fnun 
half  inch  becoming  as  much  as  3  inches  long :  bracts  narrow,  acute  :  sej>als  ovatelnnicolate, 
vari(jusly  acute  :  petals  nearly  white,  deeply  notchetl,  3  to  6  lines  long,  scarcely  t«ice  ajt 
long  JUS  the  calyx:    capsule   10  to  15  lines   long;   seeds  reildish  brown,  <di|oiig,  lUMneuhat 
longitudinally  striate,  oliscurely  coarsely  jiitted,  a  line  long.  —  Fl.  Bor  -Am.  i.  IIH  ;  Torr  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  211  ;  Trelea.se,  1.  c   90,  t.  11,  f.  9.      O.  Oreifiinn,  Brew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  96. 
as  to  fruit  and,  in  part,  inflorescence. —  Mountains,  W.  Wjushington  and  Oregon. 
*   *    *    Acaule.scent,  perennial    from  a  scaly  bulb,  in    summer   with   slender   waly   buU>- 
tipped  rhizomes:  flowers  rose-violet,  heterogone  trimorjihous  (the  mid-styh'd  form  some- 
times  suppressed):    leaves  palmately  3-10-foliolate  :  sepals  (and  usually  leaflets)  tipjied 
with  orange  callosities. 

■»—   Capsules  round-ovoid  :  le:»flets  3,  obreniform  to  o|>enly  cordate. 

O.  Violacea,  L.  Glabrous  or  the  pedicels  and  leaf-ba.ses  very  exceptionally  a  little  pubc*- 
cent :  petioles  1  to  6  inches  long  ;  leaflets  3  to  8  lines  long,  somewhat  wider,  broadly  olx-ijr- 
date  with  divergent  lobes,  or  oiireniform,  somewhat  succulent  :  seajies  once  or  twice  a.»  high 
as  the  leaves,  umbellately  3-15-flowered  :  flowers  7  to  10  lines  long;  slender  jiciliceli.  at 
length  somewhat  longer,  recurved  before  and  after  flowering:  sepals  oblong <ivate.  rather 
obtuse,  with  2  more  or  less  confluent  callosities  at  apex  :  jH-tals  undulateor  truncate.  3  timrs 
as  long  as  the  calyx  :  capsule  2i  lines  long,  a  little  exceeding  the  sepaU ;  sewls conipre).M«<l- 
ovoid,  irregularly  rugose-tuberculate,  three  fourths  line  long  — Spec.  i.  434  ;  .lacij.  Oxal  16, 
35,  t.  80,  f.  2,  &  ilort.  Vind.  ii.  t.  180;  Sims.  H..t  Mag.  t.  2215  ;  Kll.  Sk.  i.  525  ;  /ucc.  Oxal. 
19,  &  Nachtr.  27;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  211  ;  (iniy,  (ien.  Ill  ii.  112.  t.  144.  f.  1-6;  Haill.  \\U 
ri.  V.  24.  f.  64;  Trelease,  I.  c.  90,  95,  t.  II,  f.  10,  Am.  Nat  xvi  13.  f.  1-2.  Hot.  Gai.  xiii. 
191,  t.  12,  &  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  289.—  New  Knglaml  to  the  Dakotx-".  (\>l.iradi».  New 
Mexico,  and  Florifla.  Said  to  be  introduced  in  Ceyh>n  {Trimen,  llamllMMik.  i.  197).  aiid 
Italy  (Beguinot.  Bull.  Soc.  Hot.  Ital.  1895.  110).  In  late  summer  and  autumn,  after  the 
leaves  have  disappeared,  some  specimens  flower  again  on  lonu'  slender  wajicn,  the  |iodii-(>U 
occasionally  elongated  ami  branched.  An  albino  is  also  sometimes  found. 
•»-  •*-  Capsule  oblong-ovoid  (unknown  in  (h  diifnjen*). 
++    Leaflets  3,  large,  thin,  oln-onlate. 

O.  MahtiAxa,  Zucr.  Large  and  lax.  the  leaflets  with  deep  narn>w  niniix.  without  apical 
callositv,  but  dotted  on  the  under  surface  and  with  n  marginal  mw  of  small  n»und  orangv 


368  GERANIACEiE.  Oxalis. 

callosities:  scapes  and  petioles  more  or  less  villous.  —  Oxal.  20.  —  Florida,  Meehan,  Fred- 
holm,  and  in  greenhouses  elsewhere.     (Adv.  from  S.  Am.) 

++   ++    Leaflets  3  to  5,  medium-sized,  ratlier  .-succulent,  obcordate-deltoid  to  V-  or  Y-shaped, 
nearly  or  quite  witiiout  apical  callosity. 

=^  Leaflets  3,  obcordate-deltoid  to  mostly  V-shaped. 

O.  Druminondii,  Gray.  Glabrous:  petioles  about  a  span  high;  leaflets  3  to  10  lines 
long  and  decidedly  broader,  deeply  V-sliaped,  usually  with  narrow  spreading  lobes  :  scape 
nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  leaves,  umbellately  few-flowered  :  flowers  7  to  10  lines  long,  tlieir 
slender  pedicels  at  length  an  inch  long :  sepals  and  bracts  acutish,  the  former  freciucnlly 
witii  4  to  6  more  or  less  confluent  apical  callosities :  capsule  somewhat  pubescent,  5  lines 
long;  .seeds  pale  brown,  round-ovoid,  flattened  longitudinally,  8-10-creased  and  trans- 
versely wrinkled,  half  line  long.  —  Tl.  Wrigiit.  ii.  25;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  41.  0. 
vespertilionis,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  679  ;  Trelease,  Mem.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  91,  t.  11, 
f.  13.  —  Arizona,  Palmer,  and  S.  W.  Texas. 

=  =  Leaflets  3  to  5,  deeply  obcordate. 

O.  divergens,  Benth.  Glabrous :  petioles  an  inch  to  a  span  long  ;  leaflets  mostly  4, 5  to  10 
lines  long  and  about  as  l)road,  obcordately  parted  to  the  miildle,  the  lobes  narrow  and  ascend- 
ing :  scaj)es  I  to  3  times  as  long  as  the  leaves,  umbellately  3-10-flo\vered  :  flowers  5  to  7  lines 
long,  nearly  equalling  tlieir  slender  pedicels :  sepals  rather  acute,  with  2  callosities.  —  PI. 
Hartw.  9;  ?Liudl.  Bot.  Heg.  t.  1620  (white-flowered);  Trelease,  1.  c.  91,  t.  11,  f.  11.  0. 
vespertilionis.  Gray,  PI.  Fendl.  27.  0.  violacea.  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  27,  ii.  25. — S.  Arizona 
to  \V.  Texas.     (Mex.) 

Var.  amplifolia,  Trelease,  n.  comb.  Nearly  glabrous  :  leaflets  3,  an  inch  long,  and 
twice  as  broad,  rather  thin,  somewhat  ciliate,  very  openly  obcordate-deltoid  with  divergent 
lol)es :  flowers  about  7  lines  long,  shorter  than  the  pedicels :  sepals  broadly  oblong,  very 
obtuse,  with  4  oblong  callosities  :  petals  obovate,  entire,  about  4  times  as  long  as  the  calyx  : 
capsule  4  to  5  lines  long,  about  twice  the  length  of  the  sepals ;  seeds  ovate,  acute  above, 
transversely  rugose,  with  about  4  longitudinal  grooves  on  each  side,  half  line  long. —  0. 
lati folia,  Trelease,  1.  c.  91,  t.  11,  f.  12,  not  HBK.  —  Santa  Rita  Mountains,  Arizona,  Pringle, 
and  Organ  Mountains,  New  Mexico,  Vase;i,  to  S.  W.  Texas, //arnrr/,  and  Magdalena  Island, 
Lower  California,  Drandeyee.  Intermediate  between  0.  diverfjens  and  0.  Drummondii. 
++++++  Leaflets  3  to  10,  long  but  relatively  narrow,  rather  succulent,  obcordate-cuneate 
to  mostly  Y-shaped,  without  apical  callosity. 

O.  decaph;^lla,  HBK.  Glabrous :  petioles  a  span  long  or  less  :  leaflets  f  inch  to  2  inches 
long,  notched  or  parted  halfway  to  the  base,  occasionally  a  little  ciliate :  scapes  slightly 
longer  than  to  twice  as  long  as  the  leaves,  umbellately  several-flowered  :  flowers  5  to  10  lines 
long,  scarcely  shorter  than  the  slender  pedicels :  sepals  obtuse,  with  2  apical  callosities : 
capsule  about  4  lines  long,  its  cells  about  4-seeded ;  seeds  pale  brown,  compressed,  round- 
ovoid,  longitudinally  8-10-creased  and  transversely  wrinkled,  half  line  long.  —  Nov.  Gen. 
&  Spec.  v.  238,  t.  468;  Trelease,  1.  c.  91,  t.  11,  f.  14. —  Mountains  of  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico.  (Mex.) 
O.  CERNUA,  Thunberg,  a  bulhiferous  species  with  large  yellow  flowers,  has  been  collected  in 

Duval  County,  Florida,  Fredholm,  as  escaped  bnt  not  hardy.     (Cape.) 

7.  IMPATIENS,  Rivin.  Balsam,  Jewel-weed.  (Named  from  the 
elastic  dehiscence  of  the  fruit  when  touched.)  —  Annual  mild  herbs  with  succulent 
translucent  stems  and  simple  thin  alternate  petioled  exstipulate  leaves.  Some 
small  regular  cleistogamous  flowers  normally  produced  in  addition  to  the  irregular 
ones.  —  Tetrap.  t.  121  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  680;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Y\.  i.  208;  Gray,  Gen. 
111.  ii.  133,  t.  152,  153;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  277;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  v.  39; 
Trelease,  Mem.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  99  ;  Warburg  &  Reiche  in  Engl.  & 
Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  389.  —  A  rather  large  genus,  mostly  of  Asia 
and  Africa. 


Impaticns.  lU    TACK/E.  3g9 

I.  aiirea,  Mum..  (Pu.k  I'oircii-MK-NoT.)  SoniitiinoH  5  .,r  C  fwt  l.iKh.  tn.«.tlv  liKht  emu  ; 
Icavts  ofi.Mi  3  to  4  iinli.s  K.iif,'.  ni.,«tly  ,-x<-,-.-.linK  tlu-ir  pi-li..l..H,  ,m,Jit  l--li.w.  *lli|Mir»l. 
coarsely  creiiatf-.^erriit.-.  r.iiiii.l.-d  or  a.iiie  at  l.iw.-.  tlic-  a|H.x  un.l  lu.iiit.  t«^th  .«-ciij.iui,«lU 
niiUTouate:  bract.s  .ivalo.  acute  :  llowern  rather  lar^.-.  pale  \ell..w.  u^uallv  liill.-  iii.Htl«I,  i-x- 
ceptioiially  pinkish  or  white:  tho  wiceato  sepal  l.n.a.lly  coni.al.  N-an-.-lv 'l..i.j;er  thiui  l.n^d, 
its  slender  spur  short  (2  to  3  lines  in  length),  ahrupt.'refrarte.l  at  I.jom-.'  tin-  end  nut.  h.-<l  — 
Cat.  2fi.  /.  iHtllidu,  Xutt.  (mmi.  i.  UG;  'lorr.  &  (imy,  FI.  i.  I'liH ;  TnlejiM-,  1.  c  9».— Caiuwla 
to  the  Saskatchewan,  south  to  Kansjw  an<l  North  Carolina ;  also  in  <»r<'jfon.  Lt/all. 

I.  bifldra,  Wai.t.  (Si-ottkd  T<.I(1i-mk-n()T.)  Tw..  to  four  feet  hi>,'h,  Momewhat  oraiKP- 
ur  purple-tinted  and  a  little  f,'lau(on.s  :  leaves  sinallir,  u.^nally  2  or  3  ih«  h«-«  l,.nj,'  (.hmU 
narrow:  Howers  oranpe  or  occiusinnally  i)inkish,  usually  copiously  mottled  with  n-d.|ij,h 
brown  :  the  saccate  sepal  evidently  lonp-r  than  l)r<iad,  its  slender  spur  lonj,'  (4  u»  5  line*), 
rather  ahrupt,  tle.xuou.sly  recurved  :  otherwise  resemhlinj,'  the  last. —  Car.  219  ;  Willd.  Sjicc! 
i.  I17-);  I'ursh.  Fl.  i.  171  ;  R.eni.  &  Schult.  Syst.  v.  349;  Kll.  Sk.  i.  304.  /.  fultsi,  Nutt, 
Gen.  i.  146;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Ain.  i.  117  ;  Torr.  &  (Jray.  FI.  i.  209;  (Jrny,  (Jen.  111.  ii.  135, 
t.  1.52,  153  ;  Trelea.se,  1.  c.  99.  /.  tnarulntn,  Muhl.  Cat.  26.  /.  u;liUt,„,rTr,  /3.  .Mi.  h.x.  Fl  ii! 
149.  — Newfoundland  to  Washington,  south  to  Kan.sxs  ami  .MLssis-sippi.  (Intrxl  into 
England.) 

I.  NoLiTAXGEUE,  L.  (The  true  Toicii-mk-not.)  Leaves  larger,  often  more  strikingly  M-rmtr, 
sometimes  cordulatc  :  flowers  clearer  yellow  :  saccate  .^epal  larger  and  still  m-.n- e'l<.ngnt.-.|[ 
gradually  tapering  into  the  long  recurved  sjmr  which  usually  isn..t  notched  at  tij.  —  Sjmt. 
ii.  9.38;  Keiehcnb.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  v.  t.  198  1. ;  Ktt.  &  I'ok.  I'hysiotypia  I'l.  Au.str.  x.  t.  'Ji'5  — 
Koosack  River,  Washington,  Suksdorf.     (Introd.  from  Fu.)' 


Order  XXXIII.     I{rT.\('i:.E. 

By  a.  Gray  ;  the  genera  Citrni^  and  Ami/ris  revised  hy  L.  11.  Haim :v  ;iiid  I?.  L. 
ItoBi.NsoN  respectively. 

Woody  or  rarely  herlK-xceou.s  plants,  punctate  witli  (til-;.d:inds  in  tlif  form  of 
pellucid  or  dark  dots  in  the  leaves,  petals,  &c.,  or  as.  pustules,  these  charged  with 
essential  oil  (graveolent,  pungent,  or  aromatic).  Leaves  destitute  of  stipules, 
except  prickles.  Flowers  4-o-nierous,  mainly  regular  and  mostly  syuunetriial. 
Stamens  as  many  or  twice  as  many  as  the  sepals  (imhricated  in  the  hud)  and 
petals  or  occasionally  more  numerous,  in.serted  on  or  mostly  around  a  hy|>«)<jynous 
disk.  Anatropous  or  amphitropous  peixlulous  ovules  two  or  more  in  each  cell 
or  carpel.  Emhryo  straight  or  curved,  either  filling  th«'  seed  or  large  in  pro|>or- 
tion  to  the  alhumen.  —  Order  largely  represented  in  the  tropics  and  in  the 
southern  hemisphere,  feehly  so  in  North  America,  and  the  larger  trilM-s  ahsrnt. 
The  characteristic  dots  are  obsolete  or  wanting  in  one  or  more  coriaceous-leavetl 
species  of  Xanthoxjihtm. 

Ri;ta  ouAvioi.KNs,  L.,  the  common  Hue,  of  the  Old  WorM.  a  familiar  denizen  of  pinions, 
is  of  a  group  re])re.scnted  in  N.  America  by  Thamnosma. 

DirxAMNts    FRAXixfer.i.A,   L.,  of   Furopo,  which   ha.s  somewhat   irretrular  flowcrn  mkI  « 
5-lohed  ovary,  in  fruit  becoming  jis  many  nearly  sepanite  and  2viUve«l  c«r|Mdi»,  in  common  iu 
old  gardens. 
TiURi:  I.    IU'TK.K.     Heavy-sreiit.-d  lierhs  or  sufTnitirose  plant,",  with  strictly  hor- 

niai'liroditc   flowers.     Ovules   .'^evrral   (.'?   to   20)  in  each  cell  or  car|»el.     Kmbrj-o 

smiounded  hy  fle.shy  alhumen,  more  or  lev*  curved,  except  in  Dictamnu*. 

24 


370  RUTACEiE. 

1.  THAMNOSMA.  Flowers  4-merous  but  pistil  dimerous.  Calyx  4-lobed,  short,  persistent. 
Petals  iiiibriLaie  in  the  hud,  erect  or  barely  spreading  in  anthesis,  ovate  or  oblong,  in- 
serted on  the  base  of  a  thickened  creuate  or  lobed  hypogyuous  disk,  deciduous.  Stamens  8, 
with  slender  filaments  and  oval  glandular-apiculatc  anthers.  Uvary  2-lobed,  more  or  less 
stipitate,  with  few  or  several  ovules  in  each  cell  on  a  central  placenta  ;  style  filiform,  entire ; 
stigma  ca])itate.  Capsule  coriaceous,  obcordate  or  didymous,  few-.'*ee(h'd,  loculicitlal  above ; 
seeds  reniform,  witii  coriaceous  testa  and  arcuate  or  incurved  embryo  in  thin  albumen. 
Leaves  simple. 

Tribe  II.  XANTIIOXYLE.E.  SliniKs  or  trees,  with  aromatic  or  pungent  and 
bitter  bark  and  foliage,  and  either  unisexual  or  hermaphrodite  flowers.  Ovules 
only  a  pair  in  each  carpel  or  cell.  Seeds  usually  solitary ;  embryo  with  superior 
radicle,  mostly  fiat  cotyledons,  and  surrounded  by  some  albumen. 

*  Carpels  or  capsule  dehiscent :  flowers  hermaphrodite,  5-merous  (sometimes  4-merous)  and 
diplostemonous,  symmetrical. 

2.  CHOISYA.  Sepals  imbricate  in  the  bud,  deciduous.  Petals  sjjreading,  o])long  with 
narrow  base,  sliglitly  imbricate  in  the  bud,  dcciducms.  Stamens  10  or  8,  with  lanceolate 
filaments,  those  opposite  tlie  petals  shorter ;  anthers  somewhat  didymous.  Hypogynous 
disk  inconspicuous.  Ovary  5-lobed  to  below  the  middle,  pubescent;  the  carpels  conically 
produced  at  ajjcx,  bearing  a  pair  of  subcollateral  ovules  aliout  tlie  middle ;  styles  ventral, 
filiform-clavate,  conuiveut  and  cohering  above,  as  also  the  enlarged  terminal  stigmas. 
Fruit  dry,  4-r)-coccous  or  by  abortion  2-3-coccous ;  the  mature  carpels  dorsally  corniform- 
umbonate  near  summit,  at  length  2-valved,  and  the  cartilaginous  endocarp  separating  from 
the  thin  exocarp  ;  seeds  solitary  or  sometimes  geminate,  reniform,  with  nearly  smooth 
subcrustaceous  testa  and  arcuate  embryo  in  thin  albumen  (in  C.  dumosa).  Leaves  opposite, 
palmately  compound. 

*  *   Fruit  samaroid,  indehiscent :  flowers  hermaphrodite  or  polygamous,  3-5-merous,  usu- 
ally 4-merous,  isostemouous. 

3.  HELIETTA.  Flowers  nearly  of  Ptelea,  but  hermaphrodite  and  carpels  as  many  as 
petals,  united  at  the  axis,  separating  in  fruit  into  akeniform  cocci,  each  bearing  a  large 
dorsal  ascending  wing. 

4.  PTELEA.  Flowers  monoeciously  or  dioeciously  polygamous.  Sepals  4  or  5,  small,  decid- 
uous. Petals  4  or  5,  commonly  4,  much  surpassing  the  calyx,  imbricated  in  the  bud,  decid- 
uous. Stamens  4  or  .5,  with  narrow  filaments,  in  sterile  flowers  inserted  at  base  of  a  small 
annular  disk;  in  fertile  flowers  small  and  often  abortive.  Ovary  in  sterile  flowers  rudi- 
mentary ;  in  the  fertile  compressed,  2-celled  (rarely  3-celled),  with  a  pair  of  ascending 
hemitropous  ovules  in  each  cell,  the  lower  ovule  infertile ;  style  short ;  stigma  2-lobed. 
Fruit  an  orbiculate  1-2-celled,  1-2-seeded  samara,  completely  winged  all  round  (the  wing 
thin  and  reticulated),  or  in  an  anomalous  species  nucumentaceous  and  almost  or  wholly 
wingless.     Leaves  alternate,  palmately  trifoliolate. 

*   *   *   Carpels  dehiscent :  flowers  dioecious,  3-5-merous,  isostemouous,  small. 

5.  XANTHOXYLUM.  Calyx  3-5-lobed  or  -parted  and  petals  (mostly  imbricated  in  the 
bud)  as  many,  in  one  species  either  calyx  or  corolla  wanting.  Stamens  alternate  with  the 
petals.  Pistil  a  mere  rudiment  in  the  cf  flowers ;  in  ?  flowers  as  many  carpels  as  petals 
and  opposite  them,  or  fewer,  or  rarely  reduced  to  one,  usually  on  an  ovoid  disk  or  short 
gynopliore,  connivent  or  slightly  cohering  ventrally  (cither  as  to  ovaries  or  ui)per  part  of 
the  styles),  separating  in  age.  Fruit  drnpaccous-follicular,  at  length  partly  2-valved,  the 
endocarp  hardly  at  all  separable ;  seed  solitary  or  sometimes  a  pair,  ovoid  or  globular, 
sometimes  with  a  .^lightly  fleshy  at  length  friable  outer  coat,  which  falls  away  from  the  dark 
and  shining  crustaceous  inner  one  ;  embryo  straight  or  nearly  so  in  fleshy  albumen,  with 
broad  and  flat  cotyledons.     Leaves  alternate,  mostly  pinnate. 

*  *   #   *   Carpel  solitary  with  almost  basal  style,  in  fruit  subdrupaceous :  flowers  her- 
maphrodite, 4-merous,  diplostemonous. 

6.  CNEORIDIUM.  Sepals  4,  persistent.  Petals  4,  much  larger,  ovate,  much  imbricated 
in  the  bud.     Stamens  8,  short,  those  opposite  the  petals  shorter ;  anthers  ovate,  mucronulate. 


Chobijn.  IMIACK.K.  ;;7  1 

■  Pistil  of  a  single  carjx'l  on  a  small  rujiulatf  disk  ;  ovary  jjlolmlar.  with  »  psir  of  ai«r«ii<iiDf( 
ovuU's;  sUlc  .siipraLasal.  jlavollate  ,  slignia  sulH-apitato.  Friiii  j;]..!-!.*..  jit-a  i.h«|«N|,  ihiu. 
ilnipaceuus,  a  narrow  layer  of  |iiil|i  lMaw(;cn  lli«  snioutli  (>|iii'ur|i  nn<l  ■  part  liintMit  like 
endocarp  ;  seed  glolmiar,  witli  a  tliiik  cruslaccous  u-ma.  ranipyl..ir..|K,oji ;  finbrvo  aliutwt 
annular  in  a  vtrv  thin  stratum  of  llesliy  all>umen;  cotyledonii  oval,  ratiier  H«»hr,'luui;itucli- 
nally  eonvolulf-inf-ilded.     Simple-leaved  slirul). 

TiMitK  III.  AMYKIDK.K.  Slirul.s  or  tn-es,  l»aIsatiiic-resiiioiu<,  with  liiTtnnptinMlita 
or  polygainoiis  tlowers,  and  a  solitary  carpel  with  a  teriiiinal  wssjle  hti^-nia.  OvuIcm 
a  pair,  collateral.     Eml)ry<)  straight,  with  very  thick  cotyledons;  no  albumen. 

7.  AMYRIS.  Calyx  4-toothed,  jiersistent.  I'etiils  4,  imbricated  in  tbo  bml.  at  b-ny^h  widely 
s|)roading.  Stamens  8,  those  opposite  the  |)etals  sliorter.  Stigma  iuiu>ib<  nr  i>ulw<'««ile, 
depressed-capitate.     Drupe  globular,  with  thin  tlesli  and  chartaeoous  puUmen,  l■M•4•<ll^d. 

TitiHK  IV^  ArUANTIE.K.  Trees  or  shrubs,  aromatic  (fragrant  with  v«jlatil«'  tiil), 
with  hormaidiroditc  flowers.  Stamens  often  3  or  1  times  as  many  as  j«-talH  or 
somewliat  iiidctinitely  numerous,  then  disposed  to  be  irregularly  iMdyadelphoun. 
Pistil  of  few  or  several  cells  or  carpels  completely  combine<l,  ImjIIi  a.s  to  ovary  and 
style  (the  latter  deci<luous)  ;  ovules  not  rarely  several  in  each  ct-ll.  Fruit  baccatw 
and  corticate ;  seeds  destitute  of  albumen.  Leaves  1-several-folioIate.  Wholly 
of  the  Old  World.     The  familiar  genus  is 

8.  CITRUS.  Flowers  4-8  (mostly  .5)-merou8.  Calyx  cupular.  I'etaU  narr.wly  ..bb.Mg. 
thickish,  imbricated  in  the  bud,  deciduous.  Stamens  '20  t<i  CO,  iti.M-rteil  amund  a  strong 
annular  or  cupular  disk.  Ovary  several  celled  and  several  ovules  in  ea<h  cell.  Kmlirru 
straight,  with  short  radicle  and  fleshy  CDtyledous;  in  cultivation  not  rarcdy  two  or  ni"Tv 
embryos  develuped  in  each  seed. 

1.  THAMNOSMA,  Torr.  &  Frcin.  ((-)a;/io?,  a  bush,  ,Vr//,),  scent  or  had 
smell.)  —  Rue-scented  low-shrubby  or  nearly  herbaceous  pustulat«'-dott»'<I  phuitii, 
with  small  simple  sessile  alternate  leaves,  and  .somewhat  racemiform  inflorescenre 
at  ends  of  rigid  branches.  Petals  yellowish  or  purplish-tinged.  —  Fn-m.  Hep. 
31.'] ;  Torr.  Pacif.  H.  Hep.  iv.  7.'3,  t.  3  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  28H  ;  Ilrew.  & 
W.tt>.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  'JT.     Riitosma,  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  l.')8. 

T.  montana,  Toru.  &  Fke.m.  1.  c  Slimbby,  l)roomlike:  rigid  branches  pn^tul.ite.  largely 
leariess:  leaves  very  small,  linear  or  broader,  few<>r  deciduous  :  petjils  lialf  incli  long.  m<w(ly 
erect,  purple  :  filaments  and  .-^tyle  filiform,  the  latter  exserted  :  ovary  and  capule  didyniotui. 
almost  iiifollicular  at  maturity,  raised  on  a  slender  l>ut  iKcasionally  short  stiiie;  w<'ds  few  or 
by  al)ortion  solitary,  somewhat  cochleate-reniform,  the  coat  nearly  snnMiih ;  cotyli'dnnn 
linear.  —  Desert-region  of  Arizona  and  adjacent  borders  of  Ttah  and  California;  first  roll. 
by  Fremont. 

T.  Texana,  Tokh.  Herbaceous  from  a  woody  !i:i.>*e  :  stems  slender,  oroct  or  fffireading.  a 
foot  or  less  iiigh,  leafy:  leaves  filiform  linear,  half  indi  long:  |H'tals  2  linen  long,  ovato- 
oblong,  spreading,  jiale  greenish-yellow  or  whitish  or  jmrplish  outside;  st\le  not  cx.*<Tt«>d ; 
8ti|)e  of  dee|dy  obcordate  fruit  very  short  or  hardly  any  ;  seeds  s<'veral,  ghibuhir  reniform, 
muriculate-papillose ;  cotyledons  oblong.  —  Bot.  Mex.  Hound.  42;  Brew.  St.  Wat*  1  c.  ; 
Coulter.  .Man.  Kocky  Mt.  Keg.  4.').  /iutosma  Tfrnnn,  Gray,  1.  c,  Con  III.  ii  144,  t.  15.'..  &. 
PI.  Thnrb.  29S,  .304.—  Rocky  hills,  Tex.as  to  S.  Colonulo  and  Arizona  ;  first  ell  by  /<<r/nii. 
Jin:     (.\dj.  .Mex.,   (ire;rj,  &c.) 

2.  CHOfSYA.  II HK.  (J.  /).  Chois;/,  Genoveso  InUanist.)  —  llninching 
shnihs  of  Mexico  and  ;i<ii;ic.iit  .\rizon:i.  glandidar-puncfate  and  aromatic,  mhiu'- 
what  pubescent,  with  cliielly  oj)posite  palmately  3-'.t-foliola«»'  l<>ave«  and  M'K»ilo 
leaflets,  :ind  rather  showy  white  or  <ream-<'oltired  Howers  somewhat  umlndlately 
cymo.se  at  the  summit  of  leafy  branches.  —  Nov.  (ien.  &  S|m'c.  vi.  1.  t.  /ilS 
(gyuoecium   iucorrect)  ;    DC   I'rotlr.  i.  72 i  (where   char.  •*  ca]M.ula  i-rostrata'* 


372  RUTACEiE.  Choisya. 

first  appears)  ;  Adr.  Juss.  Mem.  Rut.  107  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  297  ;  Baill. 

Hist.  PI.  iv.  471  (describes  the  separable  eudocarp)  ;   Morren,  Belg.  llort.  xxx. 

314  t.  17;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.   224,  second   species   added.     Juliana, 

Llav.  &  Lex.  Nov.  Veg.  Desc.  ii.  4.  —  Congener  of  C.  ternata,  IIBK.,  now  cult. 

for  ornament,  is 

C.  dumosa,  (^kay,  1.  c.  Much  branched,  very  leafy,  3  to  6  feet  high,  acrid-aromatic: 
'  branches  glaudular-pustulate  :  leaflets  3  to  9,  uarrowly  linear,  longer  tiiau  the  petioles  (the 
larger  2  inches  long),  their  margins  as  if  crenately  denticulate  by  coarse  glands :  petals  a 
third  to  half  inch  long:  carpels  almost  separate  at  maturity,  usuaUy  only  2  or  3  fertile, 
ovoid,  and  with  sliort  conical  cusp ;  seed  with  a  deciduous  caruncle  ?  (or  attached  portion  of 
endoc'arp).  — .Is^Vy/""*  dumosum,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Hep.  ii.  161,  &  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  42.— 
Rocky  hills,  W.  borders  of  Texas  (first  coll.  by  Wriyht,  without  flowers  or  fruit)  and  New 
Mexico  to  S.  Arizona,  Bigelow,  Schott,  Henry,  and  fine  specimens  by  Pringle.  (Adj.  Mex. 
Palmer.) 

3.  HELIETTA,  Tulasne.  {Dr.  Helie,  a  writer  on  the  toxic  properties 
of  Rue.)  —Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  3,  vii.  280  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  oOl.  't  Pi- 
crella,  Baill.  Adansonia,  x.  149,  t.  10.  — Two  ^  S.  American  and  the  following 
species : — 

H.  parvifolia,  Benth.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  glabrous,  with  slender  branches  :  leaves 
opposite,  palmately  trifoliolate  ;  leaflets  cuneateobovate,  obtuse,  not  petiolulate,  entire, 
minutely  pellucid-punctate,  commonly  inch  long  and  middle  one  larger;  petiole  sliglitly 
margined :  flowers  4-merous,  very  small,  in  terminal  and  upper  axillary  cymes,  short-pedi- 
celled  :  petals  white :  mature  carpels  3  lines  long,  oblong,  the  broadly  obovate  veiny  and 
rather  coriaceous  wing  4  lines  long  and  broad.  —  Benth.  in  Hook.  Ic.  t.  1385  ;  Wats.  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  xvii.  33.5.-  Ptelea  parvifolia,  Gray,  riiioad  Ilemsl.  Biol.  Centr.-Am.  Bot.  i.  170, 
excl.  fruit.  —  Hills  near  Ringgold,  S.  W.  Texas,  Havard.  (Adj.  Mex.,  Coahuila,  Mondova 
to  Monterey,  Berlandier,  Gregg,  Palmer,  Pringle.) 

4.  PT^ILEA,  L.  Hop-tree,  Wafer-ash,  &c.  (Greek  name  of  the  elm, 
transferred  to  this  genus  on  account  of  similarity  of  the  fruit.)  —  Shrubs  or  small 
trees  (N.  American  and  Mexican)  ;  with  bitter  bark  and  fruit  (the  samara;  used 
in  brewing  as  a  substitute  for  hops),  alternate  and  pellucid-dotted  trifoliolate 
leaves,  and  rather  small  greenish-white  flowers  in  loose  terminal  cymes  ;  fl.  sum- 
mer. —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  78  ;  Adr.  Juss.  Mem.  Rut.  t.  26  (42)  ;  Gray, 
Gen.  111.  ii.  149,  t.  157. 

P.  pextAndra,  Benth.  (not  DC),  PI.  Hartw.  14,  is  apparently  sterile  Rhns  Toxicodendron. 
There  are  probably  only  two  genuine  species  (these  very  variable  and  not  well  distinguishable) 
and  an  outlying  anomalous  one,  viz.  •  — 

P.  Aptera,  Parry.  (Proc.  Davenp.  Acad.  iv.  39,  &  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xi.  10.3)  a  shrub 
with  small  leaves  (leaflets  less  than  inch  long,  obovate,  subsessile),  few-flowered  clusters,  and  a 
nucumentaceous  cartilaginous  and  turgid  fruit  (occasionally  tricarpellary,  half  to  two  thirds  inch 
long),  pustulate-glandular,  bordered  with  a  very  narrow  wing,  or  sometimes  wingless  !  —  All 
Saints  Bay,  northern  part  of  Lower  California,  Parry,  Orcutt.  So  it  may  be  found  on  the  U.  S. 
boundary. 

P.  trifoliata,  r>.  Tall  shrub  or  low  tree,  strong-scented  :  leaves  puberulent  when  young, 
commonly  glabrate  ;  leaflets  membranaceous,  ovate,  mostly  acuminate,  obsoletely  .serrulate 
or  entire  (2  to  4  inches  long),  the  lateral  sessile  and  roundish  or  barely  acute  and  terminal 
one  cuneate-attenuate  at  base  :  flowers  usually  4-merous  :  full-grown  samara  an  inch  or  less 

1  A  third  S.  American  species  has  since  been  added. 

2  Add  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  81,  t.  35. 

8  For  further  notes  on  and  figure  of  this  species,  see  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  3-32,  f.  45. 


Xanthoxylum.  lU    lAt  K.K  3^3 

broail,  orbicular  or  rtjund-oval,  rawly  notched  at  either  end  —  Sji*<-.  I.    ||H   (Dill.   KUh. 
t.  \22) ;  Lam.  111.  t.  84  ;  Nouv.  Diiliam.  i   t.  57  ;  'lorr.  &  (;mv,  V\.  i.  iXb ;  Umv.  (.n     i:! 
ii.  150,  t.  157. >     P.  pinlandru,  &.  /'.  jHrtliH-ariHi,  DC.   In^lr.  ii.  M  •     /'.  tittcjuut    ^  . 
I'rodr.  68. —  W.  Now  York,  Canadian  Bhoro  of  Ijikc  Krie,  to  Mtum-aota,  •uutlt  l»  \  .   ■     » 
ami  Ti  xas.     (.Mi-x.) 

Var.  mollis,  Touk.  &  (Jin  v.    l*ul»erulcnt,  (tnialler  loavwl :  lealltu  at  matuntv  Mrrimjo*- 
t<>iii(iit...s.-  iMiicath  or  rart-ly  glalirato.  1»-.».h  iHiintt-.l.  ncldoni  nwt  i  imhcji  Xmig,  :  »ani*n  half  tu 
three  fourth.^  inch  long,  often  retuj^e  at  l>!i>e  and  a|)e.\.  —  Fl.  i.  OhO.    P.  mulUi,  (.'urtU,  Am.  Jour. 
Sci.  ser.  2,  vii.  406.''' —  Texaa  to  S.  Colorado  an<l  Ariayma;  ahwj  (»)  WilmingtoD,  X.  C 
P.   Baldwinii,  Touu.  &  (Juay,  1.   c  ai5.       rkiwanlwfnl.d    (l.indhtimtr),  or  ton.-- 
mipl.asaiii  (lii-.H-,,),  glalirou.s  or  rarlv  glabrate  ;  l.-all.-Li  thartar.-.,  ii,inihr«n«ro«.mi, 
iiblung-huReolalo  or  obovaii-.xpalulate,  obtuse  or  .some  aiute  or  ^ligll^lv  acumiuat**,  ai. 
or  two  long,  all  contracted  and  terminal  one  attenuate  at  lia»e  :  Mimara  orbit  ular  or  >     ..t. 
more  commonly  emarginate  at  both  entls.  half  to  two  thirdit  inch  in  dianiet*  r      Kouni-  •:     •. 
depauperate  flowering  siiecimen.  — /'.  am/i«///;>/«i,   Iw-ntb    I'l.    Ilartw    'j  (il.,w.  riii;r  "i-.i 
mens);  (Jray,  I'l.  Feudl.  28;   Wat.x.  Hot.  King  Kxp  50;  Hr.w   i  Wat-    H..t    I'AA   i   .•:  =  — 
K.  Florida,  Buldwin,  liin/il,  and  Texas  to  Northern  Calif.jrnia  and  »-.utbHard  ;  common  lu 
Ari/.nnu.     (Mex.)     Various  forms,  Home  too  near  the  preceding ;  otlx-ni  |mimi  into 

Var.  parvifolia,  (iUAV.  Leallet»  lesw  than  inch  long.  HpalulaU-  or  oblong  lain-»«<jlat«» . 
Siimara  barely  half  inch  in  liiameier.  —  (Jray  in  Patterson.  Checklist,  I^Oi',  |8.  P./Mirt,- 
Jul i <!,(', my  in  llenisl.  Hiol.  Centr.-Am.  Hot.  i.  170,  ju»  to  pi.  (,'n>/f/,  Hueria* i.-.ta,  and  fruit 
de.scril)ed.  —  St.  Cieor;;e,  S.  Utah,  and  Ari/.ciua,  I'ttlmrr.     (Mex..  ^i»«/./,  I'ulmrr.) 

5.  XANTHOXYLUM,  L.  a.s  Zmahuxiilum.  Pick  Ki.v  Asii,  Tooth- 
ACiiE-TKEE.  (Nauie  coiuposcd  of  ^u»6'os-,  Vfllow,  and  ^I'Aoi,  wocxl,  np|tarfiitly 
originated  by  Plukenet,  whose  first  species  was  a  Fu.stic,  and  thiK  arcnuni*  for 
the  name  "  Telloio-wood"  a  quality  which  seems  not  to  be  marke<l  in  any  W. 
Indian  species,  and  does  not  occur  in  the  X.  American.  Tlie  ori<,'iual  faulty 
form  of  Zanthoxt/lum  has  been  continued  by  most  cla.ssical  botaniiit« ;  but,  aJi 
]\Iiller  very  early  wrote  Xiintlwrylnm  an<l  nearly  a  dozen  authors  liave  follow*-*! 
him,  including  Smith,  Sprengle,  and  Lindley,  and  as  the  correction  of  tlie  initial 
letter  in  this  case  will,  happily,  give  little  inconvenience  in  indexes,  it  is  bebl  to 
adopt  it.)  —  Bitter  and.  pungent  aromatic  trees  or  shrubs  (largely  tropical  and 
subtropical) ;  with  alternate  mostly  imparipinnate  leaves,  often  prickly  stems  and 
stalks,  and  small  white  or  greenish  Howers  in  cymes  or  fascicles,  prtxluce*!  in 
spring. —  Ilort.  Cliff.  4H7,  it  Gen.  ed.  '»,  no..'].*}');  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  147,  t.  I."ir.; 
Benth.  &,  Hook.  Gen.  i.  21>7 ;  Triana  «&  Planch.  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  scr.  ."i,  xiv.  utis, 

—  Our  few  species  represent  almost  as  many  sections, 

§  1.  Peri.uith  simple,  5-merous  :  flowers  in  umbelliform  scs.silc  fa.scicK-.'*  from 
axils  of  deciduous  and  sometimes  abruptly  pinnate  leaves;    the  rhaehih  wingless. 

—  ZimtJuu'iilnm,  C'olden  ex  L. 

X.  Americanum,  Mii.r..  (Pick  ki.v  Ash.)  Shrub  or  very  dmall  tn-e.  with  ^hort  prirklr* 
in  i»airs  occupying  the  p<>.'<itiun  of  ,«iti|>ulo.«<,  and  commonly  i^>me  ithndcr  one*  on  the  priiuir*. 
flowering  along  the  naked  bninches  just  lH?fore  the  leavei*  of  the  seaMm  drvidop  ;   Icatr* 

»  Add  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  70.  f.  3.1.  .14. 

a  Add  syn.  P.f  lomentntn,  Hnf.  Kl.  I.iidnv.  108. 

8  Add  syn.  r.  crenulntii,  (Iri-cne.  I'ittonin,  i.  '2\C>,  apparrritly  a  mere  form  <t-r.r..i..-l  !i  r<.nrt,.,n* 
with  the  Tcxano-Mc-xican  plant  which  olfio  often  hnn  rrenulaie  h«are».     I'rot.  •■  f 

the  odors  of  the  two  forms  \*  quite  at  variance  willi  the  accounts  of  ih**  aliovr  m. 
have  made  notes  upon  the  Rul)j«'ct.     It   is  pn.li.nlile  that  the  mlor  varir*  c-f>n>idi-raii<   i.i  .i.i.r,,,,i  ,, 
vidiials  even   in  the  same  locality.     /'.  /ii/c«/i./fi,   var.  ituyiuti/iftia,  Jooca,  l»rx.  (.'AJif.  Acad  S(i. 
ser.  2,  V.  629. 


374  RUTACE.E.  Xanthoxylwn. 

pubescent,  5-9-foliolate  ;  leaflets  oval  or  oblong-ovate,  entire  or  nearly  so,  pale :  petals  (as 
the  perianth-segments  may  be  called,  being  alternate  with  the  stamens)  pubescent  at  tip : 
carpels  5,  or  fewer  ripening,  with  slender  counivent  styles,  stipitate.  —  Diet.  ed.  8  ;  Torr.  & 
Grav,  Fl.  i.  214;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  1.  c.  A'.  Clava-Herculis,  Lam.  Diet.  ii.  38  (excl.  syn.),  & 
111.  t.  811.  X.  fraxinijhiium,  Marsh.  Arb.  167.  X  fraxineum,  Willd.  Berl.  Baum.  .544,  & 
Spec.  iv.  757  ;  Nouv.  Duham.  vii.  2,  t.  3 ;  liigel.  Med.  Bot.  iii.  1.56,  t.  59;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.- 
Am.  i.  118.1  X.  ramiforum,Mid\\.  Fl.  ii.  235.  A',  mttc,  Willd.  Enum.  1013,  form  wanting 
prickles.  X.  tricarpum,  Hook.  1.  c,  not  Michx.  —  Canada  to  Minnesota,  and  southward  to 
Virginia  and  E.  Kansas."^ 
§  2.    Periauth  complete  :  flowers  4-merous,  in  axillary  and  sessile  short  spikes. 

—  Fagara,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  897.     {Fagara  Pterota,  P.  Browne,  Jam.  t.  5, 

f.  1,  but  Pterota,  p.  146.) 

X.  Pterota,  IIBK.  (Bastard  Iron-wood.)  Tortuous  shrub  or  small  tree,  with  curved  stip- 
ular  ijrickles,  or  sometimes  unarmed,  glabrous,  evergreen  :  leaves  7-Il-foliolate  ;  leaflets  (lialf 
inch  to  near  inch  long)  obovate,  more  or  less  creuate,  the  few  dots  mostly  near  the  notclies ; 
rhachis  and  petiole  winged  or  margined  :  carpels  1  or  2,  stipitate.  —  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  vi.  3  ; 
DC.  Prodr.  i.  725 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  680 ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  iii.  t.  84.**  Schinus  Fayaru,  L.  Spec, 
i.  389.  Fagara  Pterota,  L.  Amoen.  Acad.  v.  393,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  172.  F.  lentiscijblia, 
Willd.  Enum.  i.  165;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  137.  —  Florida  and  Texas.     (Mex.  to  Brazil.) 

§  3.   Perianth  complete  :   flowers  5-merous,  in  terminal  cymes,  following  the 
leaves:  these  in  ours  deciduous.  —  Zanthoxylum,  Catesb.   Car.  i.  26,  t.  26;  L. 
Ilort.  Cliflf.  487. 
X.  Clava-Herculis,  L.     (Toothache-tree,*  Pepper-wood,  Sea  Ash,  Wild  Or.vnge.) 

Small  tree,  the  bark  studded  with  stout  conical  warty  prickles,  glabrous  :  prickles  of  the 
branches  and  petioles  scattered  and  straight :  leaves  7-17-foliolate,  orange-scented;  leaflets 
chartaceo-membranaceous,  ovate-lanceolate,  often  acuminate,  unequal-sided,  crenate-serru- 
late,  mostly  with  conspicuous  gland-dots  at  the  notches :  flowers  in  an  ample  compound 
cyme :  carpels  mostly  3  or  2  or  in  fruit  solitary,  obscurely  or  not  at  all  stiiiitate.  —  Spec, 
i.  270  (Catesb.  Car.  i.  26,  t.  26,  bad,  the  fruit  borne  on  a  branch  with  sterile  flowers!); 
Triana  &,  Planch.  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  5,  xiv.  317  ;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  155;^  not  Lam.,  nor 
DC,  nor  Griseb.  X.  fraxinifulium,  Walt.  Car.  243.  X.  Carol inianum,  Lam.  Diet.  ii.  39,  & 
111.  t.  811,  f.  1  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  214;  Nutt.  Sylv.  iii.  8,  t.  83.  X.  aromatlrum,  Willd. 
Spec.  iv.  755  (excl.  syn.)  ;  Jacq.  f.  Eclog.  i.  103,  t.  70.  X.  Irifarpum,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  235  ; 
DC.  Prodr.  i.  726.  X.  Cateshianum,  Kaf.  Med.  Fl.  ii.  114.  Fagara  fraxini/hlia,  Ijum.  111.  i. 
334.^  Kampmania  fraxinifoUa,  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  352.  —  Near  the  coast,  S.  Vir- 
ginia to  Florida  and  Texas,  also  S.  Arkansas.     Passes  into 

Var.  fruticosum,  Gray.  Commonly  a  mere  slirub,  sometimes  a  tree,  young  branch- 
lets  and  stalks  usually  pubescent:  leaflets  5  to  11  (according  to  Nuttall  even  17),  ovate  or 
oval,  less  unequal-sided,  some  obtuse,  becoming  thin-coriaceous  :  carpels  2,  sometimes  3.  — 
Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  225.  X.  macrophi/llum,  Nutt.  Sylv.  iii.  10,  but  leaves  usually  small. 
X.  alveolatum,  Shuttl.  in  distr.  pi.  Rugel,  no.  71.  A'.  Inrsntum,  Buckl.  Proc.  Acad.  Philad. 
1861,  450,  &  1870,  136,  the  pubescence  when  present  minute.'^  —  Arkansas  (where  the  other 
form  also  grows)  to  Texas;  a  similar  form  on  Atlantic  Coast. 
X.*  Texanum,  Buckley.^  Shrub,  somewhat  aromatic,  wholly  unarmed  :  branches  with 
ruughish  cortex  and  prominent  lenticels  :  leaves  3-foliolate ;  leaflets  rather  small,  ovate- 

1  Add  Engler  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  4,  115. 

2  And  Indian  Territorv,  Carhton,  ace.  to  Holzinger,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nnt.  Herb.  i.  204. 

3  Add  Engler  in  Engl.  &  Prantl.  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  4,  117,  and  syn.  X.  Fagara,  Sargent, 
Gard.  &  For.  iii.  186,  &  Silv.  i.  73,  t.  32. 

*  Tiie  name  Hercules  Chib  in  the  S.  States  is  commonly  given  to  the  stems  of  Aralia  spinosa. 

5  Add  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  67,  t.  29. 

6  Add  syn.  F.  Carolininna,  Engler,  1.  c.  117. 

7  Add  syn.  X.  Tweedii,  Engler,  1.  c.  115. 

8  This  species  was  not  mentioned  in  Dr.  Gray's  manuscript,  although  Dr.  Palmer's  plant  evidently 
belonging  to  it  was  referred  to  X.  Clava-IIerculis,  var.  fruticosum. 


Ami/ris.  KUTACK.E.  375 

oblong,  rounded  or  very  obtuse  at  each  end,  glal)r<)us :  flowers  in  small  terminal  corymbose 
panicles.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  x.  90.  A'.  Clavn-llni:ulis,  var.,  Wats.  I'roc.  An).  Aca<l.  .wii. 
335. —  S.  W.  'I'exas,  near  Corpus  Cliristi,  Uucklei/  ;  also  at  Lamar,  Aransiis  Co.,  on  Copano 
Bay,  Puhiier,  no.  2125.  I'erliaps  only  an  extreme  form  of  the  preceding  variety,  whicli 
aj)proaches  it  through  a  host  of  intermediates. 
X.*  flavum,  Vaiil.'  (Satin-wood.)  'I'ree  unarmed,  young  shoots  and  foliage  minutely 
stellular-pubescent  and  cauesceut,  early  glabrate  :  leaflets  oblong-ovate  or  oblong,  distinctly 
petiolulate,  irregularly  and  sometimes  ob.Mcurely  creuulate  and  with  numerous  small  glands 
along  the  margins,  in  age  subcoriaceous  and  shining,  minutely  reticulated ;  those  of  sterile 
branches  7  to  11  and  mostly  acute  or  acuminate,  2  or  3  inches  long;  those  near  the  fertile 
paniculate  cymes  5  to  7  (rarely  reduced  even  to  one)  obtuse  or  barely  acute  :  flowers  some- 
times 4-merou8,  white  or  yellowish :  carpels  2  to  4  w  ith  very  short  and  cohering  styles,  in 
fruit  rather  short-stipitate.  —  Edog.  Am.  iii.  48.  A',  crihrosum,  S])reng.  Syst.  i.  946. 
?  A'.  Elephantiasis,  Macf.  Fl.  Jam.  193.  A'.  Floridanum,  Nutt.  Sylv.  iii.  14,  t.  85  ;  Chapm. 
Fl.  66.  X.  Caribaum,  Watg.  Bibl.  Index,  155,  not  Lam.  A'.  CarilHVum,  var.  Ftoriddnum, 
Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  225.     Fagara  Jlava,  Krug  &  Urban  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xxi.  571. 

—  Keys  of  S.  Florida,  Blodijctt,  Curtiss,  Sargent.  (W.  Ind.)  The  si)ecimens  lack  the  angu- 
larity and  thickening  or  wartiness  of  jjedundes  and  their  divisions  of  the  W.  Indian  A'.  Cari- 
biitim  and  of  A'.  Eleji/tantiusis,  Macf.  (which  is  like  ours  unarmed),  nor  are  these  glabrous. 

§  4.  Perianth  complete :  flowers  3-merous,  in  terminal  cymes  :  leaves  coria- 
ceous, mostly  dotted  only  along  the  margins,  and  there  sometimes  obsoletely  or 
obscurely. —  Tobiytia,  Desv.  in  Hamilton,  Prodr.  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  56  ;  Griseb.  Abh. 
Gott.  Ges.  vii.  189. 

X.*  COriaceum,  A.  Eich.^  Shrub,  unarmed  or  with  some  small  and  sparse  acicular 
prickk's,  very  glabrous  :  leaflets  4  to  8,  more  or  less  obovate  (1  to  3  inches  long)  obtu.>^e  or 
retuse  or  sometimes  more  notched,  shining  especially  above,  transversely  veiny  and  reticu- 
lated: flowers  in  dense  cymes:  carpels  2  or  3,  not  stipitate.  —  Fl.  Cub.  326,  t.  34 ;  Walp. 
Kep.  ii.  825,  not  i.  521.  X.  emarginatuvi,  Wright.  &  Sauv.  FL  Cub.  19;  Sargent,  Silv.  i. 
65,  note  ;  not  8w.  ace.  to  Urban.     Fagara  coriacea,  Krug  &  Urban  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xxi.  591. 

—  Miami,  S.  Florida,  Garber. 

6.  CNEORlDIUM,  Hook.  f.  (Like  Cneorum,  a  S.  European  and  N. 
African  genus.)  —  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  312;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i. 
97 ;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  223.  Pitavia  §  Gastrostyla,  Torr.  Bot.  Mex. 
Bound.  43.  — Single  species. 

C.  dumosum,  Hook.  f.  1.  c.  Low  shrub,  much  branched,  Rue-scented  and  somewhat 
balsamic,  glabrous  :  leaves  opposite,  crowded,  spatulate-linear,  sessile,  obtuse,  about  inch 
long,  entire,  nearly  veinless  (except  midrib),  opacjue  and  subcori.iceous  (pungent  in  taste), 
evidently  glandular-dotted  especially  the  lower  surface  and  margins :  peduncles  axillary  and 
terminal,  short,  1-3-flowered  :  petals  white,  2  lines  long,  widely  spreading,  often  sparingly 
glandular-punctate  :  fruit  2  or  3  lines  in  diameter,  obscurely  stipitate  or  ses.sile  ;  the  epicarp 
sparsely  glandular-punctate.  —  Pitavia  r/H/nosa,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  215.  —  Coast 
of  S.  California,  at  and  near  San  Diego  ;  fl.  spring;  first  coll.  by  Nuttall.  (Lower  Calif., 
Primjie.) 

7.  AM"^RIS,  p.  Browne.  ToRcn-wooD,  Rose-wood.  ('A  intensive  and 
fivpov,  balsamic  juice,  which  the  trees  yield.)  —  Small  trees  or  shrubs  (Tropical 
American),  with  translucent-dotted  1-5-foliolate  leaves,  heavy  and  very  resinous 

1  The  name  and  synonymy  of  this  species  have  been  altered  in  the  lijrht  of  Professor  Urban's 
recent  critical  work  upon  the  group  (.see  Enf;l.  Jahrb.  xxi.  571).  It  seems  best,  however,  to  retain  tlie 
genus  XnnthoTi/liim  in  its  conn)ri'lipnsive  sense,  as  interpreted  i>y  Dr.  Gray. 

2  The  nearly  related  A',  vmnryinalum,  Sw.,  of  Jamaica,  to  which  Dr.  Gray  referred  this  plant, 
appears  to  be  distinct,  as  pointed  out  by  Urban,  1.  c.  590-592,  since  it  has  ovate  rather  than  obovate 
leaves  and  (ace.  to  Urban)  smoother  fruit. 


376  RUTACE^.  Amyris. 

fratrrant   wood,  small    and  white    paniculate-cymose    flowers,   and   small  oily- 
aromatic  drupes.  — Jam.   208;  Jacq.  Stirp.  Am.  107;  L.   Gen.  ed.  6,  no.  473; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  327;   Triana  &  Planch.  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  5,  xiv.  321 ; 
Urban,  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xxi.  595  et  seq.     [Revised  by  B.  L.  Robinson.] 
A.*  elemifera,  L.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  quite  glabrous  or  with  luiuute  pulverulent  pubes- 
cence upon  the'branchlets  and  inflorescence  :  foliage  Kue-sceuted  ;  leaflets  3  (rarely  reduced 
to  1),  ovate,  obtuse  or  acute  or  acuminate  (one  or  two  inches  long),  shining,  prominently 
many-veined  and  reticulated,  all  petiolulate  :  disk  present  or  rudimentary  or  obsolete  :  fruit 
truly  globose.  —  Svst.  Nat.  ed.   10,   1000,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  495  (exd.  syn.  Plum,  and  hab. 
Carolina)  ;  Triana"&  Planch.  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  5,  xiv.  324  ;  Urban,  1.  c.  601.     .1.  maritima, 
Jacq.  Enum.  PI.  Carib.  19  (1760)  &  Stirp.  Am.  107  ;  L.  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  496;  Gray,  Proc.  Am. 
Acad,  xxiii.  226.     Sargent,  Silv.  i.  85,  t.  36 ;    Urban,  1.  c.  603.     A.  siflvatka,  DC.  Prodr.  ii. 
81 ;    Sargent,  U.  S.  lOth  Census,  ix.  33;    not  Jacq.     .1.  Floridana,  Nutt.  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  v. 
294 ;  not  (?)  Sylv.  il.  t.  78,  which  as  to  oval  fruit  is  rather  of  the  following  species.    ^1.  man- 
t{ma,\&i:.angusU folia.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  226,  form  only.— Coast  and  keys  of 
S.  Florida.     (W".  Ind.)     Prof.  Urban  separates  ^1.  maritima  on  the  presence  of  a  disk  and 
the  total  absence  of  minute  and  variable    pubescence,  — differences  which  in  this  group 
appear  to  have  little  weight  and  to  lead  to  artificial  distinctions. 
A.*  balsamifera,  L.     Shrub  or  small  tree  with  habit  of  the  last,  ])Ut  leaflets  3  to  5,  larger, 
ovate-liuueolate,  more  attenuate-acuminate,  2  to  3^  inches  long :  fruit  decidedly  elongated, 
oval  or  obovate  in  outline,  somewhat  stiped  at  the  base.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  1000,  &  Spec, 
ed.  2,  i.  496  (exd.  .syn.  Sloane) ;  Urban,  1.  c.  604.     1  A.  Floridana,  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  t.  78  (as 
to  form  of  fruit  but  "scarcely  as  to  leaves).     A.  maritima,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  226, 
in  small  part.  — Miami,  S.  Florida,   Garber,  in  fl.  May,  and  fr.  June,  1877.     (W.  Ind., 
S.  Am.) 
A.  parvif olia,  Gray.     Low  shrub,  glabrous :  leaflets  rhombic-ovate  or  narrower,  obtuse, 
dull,  inconspicuously  reticulated,  irregularly  crenate  or  crenulate,  half  inch  to  inch  long, 
lateral  ones   (and  sometimes  the  terminal)  short-petiolulate  or  subsessile  :   flowers  small. 
—  Proc  Am.  Acad,  xxiii.  226.  —  S.  Texas,  banks  of  Rio  Grande  near  its  mouth,  Sarffent. 
(North  Mex.,  Eaton  &  Edwards,  Pringle.) 

8.  CiTRUS,  L.  Orange,  &c.  (Ancient  name  of  Citron-tree.) — Tropi- 
cal-Asian spinescent  trees  or  shrubs,  with  bright  green  and  somewhat  coriaceous 
unifoliolate  leaves,  commonly  winged  petiole,  and  mostly  wdiite  (or  outside  pur- 
plish) sweet-scented  axillary  flowers.  —Syst.  Nat.  ed.  I,  &  Gen.  no.  605.  —  The 
Lemon,  Lime,  Citron,  and  various  kinds  of  Orange  familiar  in  cultivation; 
one  variety  of  the  last  completely  naturalized  in  Florida.  [Revised  by  L.  H. 
Bailey.] 

C.*  AurAnticm,  L.,  var.  vclgAris,  Wight.  &  Am.  (Sour  and  Bitter  Oranges.)  Glabrous  : 
petiole  distinctly  winged  :  fruit  small,  orange-colored,  oblate,  with  rugose  and  very  aromatic 
rind,  the  pulp  bitter-sweet  or  bitter  and  sour.— Prodr.  Fl.  Ind.  i.  97.  Var.  Bigaradia, 
Brandis,  For.  Fl.  53.  C.  vulgaris,  Risso,  Ann.  Mus.  Paris,  xx.  190;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  ,539; 
Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  106,  t.  76.  C.  Bigarradia,  Loisel.  in  Nonv.  Duham.  vii.  99.—  A  spontaneous 
form  of  the  orange,  likely  a  reversion  from  cultivated  varieties  and  thoroughly  naturalized 
in  Florida  from  an  unknown  period.     (Similar  run-wild  forms  in  many  parts  of  the  world.) 

Order  XXXIV.    SIMARUBACE^. 

By  A.  Gray. 

Trees  and  shrubs,  with  the  general  characters  of  Btitaceee  Xn7ifhnxi/Ie/e,  except 
that  the  leaves  are  dotless  and  the  pervading  principle  pure  bitterness  without 


SIMARUBACE.E.  377 

aroma,   balsam,   or  resin,   and  the  fruit  ulwuya  indehiscent.      Two  anomalous 

Arizono-Mexican  genera  are  appended. 

Tkihk  r.    SUKIANE.E.     Cari^els  entirely  distinct,  neither  ovaries  nor  styles  united. 

Flowers  perfect.     (Cneoridium  would  belong  here  except  for  the  glandular-punctate 

foliage  and  rutaceous  odor.) 

1.  SURIANA.  Calyx  G-parted,  persisteut.  Petals  5,  imbricated  in  the  luid,  unguitulate. 
Stamens  10,  with  slender  filaments,  tliose  opposite  the  petals  shorter  or  sometimes  wanting. 
Disk  ohscure  or  adnato  to  base  of  calyx.  Carpels  5,  opposite  the  petals  ;  ovaries  ^lolmlar, 
hairy,  with  2  collateral  ascending  cam|)ylotropous  ovules  ;  styles  filiform ;  stigma  capitellate. 
Fruit  akeuiform ;  embryo  horseshoe-shaped ;  cotyledons  thick,  oblong,  incumbent. 

Tribe  II.  SIMAKUBE.E.  Carpels  (1-ovuled)  united  only  at  base  or  by  their 
styles,  in  fruit  becoming  distinct  and  forming 

*   Samaras :  exotic. 

2.  AILANTHUS.  Flowers  polygamo-dittcious ;  the  ?  with  smaller  mostly  sterile  st* 
mens  ;  cf  with  only  a  rudiment  of  pistil.  Calyx  small,  5  parted.  Petals  5,  oblong,  valvate- 
iuduplicate  in  bud,  or  the  tips  imbricated.  Stamens  borne  on  the  ba.se  of  a  10-crenate  disk, 
in  sterile  flowers  10,  with  oval  or  oblong  anthers,  in  fertile  flowers  sometimes  fewer  and 
with  small  or  abortive  anthers.  Carpels  2  to  5,  distinct  (but  the  medial  styles  connate ;  the 
thickened  stigmas  divergent),  in  fruit  becoming  liuear-oblong  samaras  bearing  the  rounded 
seed  at  the  middle  of  the  thin  and  veiny  veutrally  emarginate  wing ;  albumen  little  ;  cotyle- 
dons orbicular. 

*  *  Drupes. 

3.  SIMARUBA.  Flowers  dioecious.  Calyx  short,  5-toothed.  Petals  5,  imbricated  in  the 
bud,  connivent  below,  widely  spreading  above.  Stamens  10,  borne  on  a  hemispherical  disk 
or  turns  (in  fertile  plant  only  rudimentary)  ;  filaments  with  scale-like  appendage  at  base 
inside.  Carpels  5,  slightly  cohering,  witli  styles  united  into  one  and  a  5-lobed  stigma. 
Drupes  1  too,  not  stipitate;  embryo  with  thick  and  flesliy  cotyledons  and  retracted  radicle. 
Leaves  pinnate. 

4.  CASTELA.  Flowers  polygamo-dioecious,  4-merous.  Calyx  4-parted,  small.  Petals  4, 
oblong,  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Stamens  8,  inserted  under  an  8-crenate  disk  ;  those  of  fertile 
flowers  smaller  and  commonly  imperfect ;  filaments  short,  not  a]>pendiculate.  Carpels  of  fer- 
tile flowers  4  ,  styles  short,  united  below,  revolute  and  introrsely  stigmatosc  above.  Drupes 
small,  subsessile,  with  thin  flesh  and  crustaceous  eudocarp  ;  seed  globose-ovate,  with  little  al- 
bumen ;  cotyledons  orbicular,  plano-convex,  not  enclosing  the  short  radicle.    Leaves  simple. 

5.  HOLACANTHA.  Flowers  dioecious.  Calyx  5-8-parted.  Petals  7  or  8,  obovate-spatu- 
latf,  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Stamens  12  to  16  in  sterile  flowers,  their  subulate  filaments 
hairy-tufted  at  base,  6  to  8,  and  with  small  imperfect  anthers  in  the  fertile.  Disk  annular, 
crenulate.  Carpels  6  to  10,  lightly  cohering  around  a  low  conical  axis;  styles  divergent, 
terminal,  subulate,  above  introrsely  stigmatose.  Dru])es  small  and  dry,  stcllately  divergent, 
sessile,  ovoid,  tardily  separating  from  the  conical  fissile  axis ;  embryo  amygdaloid,  in  thiu 
albumen ;  radicle  nearly  retracted  within  the  base  of  the  obovate  flat  cotyledons.  Leaves 
reduced  to  mere  scales  on  grown  plants. 

Tribe  III.  PICRAMXIE.E.  Carpels  consolidated  into  a  2-5-celled  ovary;  their 
styles  more  or  less  united, 

*  Genuine. 

6.  PICRAMNIA.  Flowers  dia-cious.  Calyx  3-5-cleft.  Petals  3  to  5,  narrow.  Stamens 
as  many  as  petals  and  opposite  them  ;  filaments  slender,  naked  ;  in  fertile  flowers  reduced 
to  vestiges.  Ovary  2-3-celled,  with  a  pair  of  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  an  olive-shaped  1- 
seeded  berry;  no  albumen  ;  embryo  nearly  entire.     Leaves  imparipinnate. 

*   *    Anomalous,   of   uncertain  affinity,   green-thorny   shrubs    with    liabit   of   Ilnlnrantha : 
flowers  hermaphrodite:  no  obvious  hypugynous  disk  :  anthers  ovate. 

7.  KCEBERLINIA.  Sepals  4,  small,  deciihnms.  Petals  4,  convolute-imbricate  in  the  buil, 
deciduous.     Stamens  8  ;  filameuts  thickened  in  the  middle,  subulate-attenuate.    Ovary  ovoid. 


378  SIMARUBACE.E.  Suriana. 

short-stipitate,  2-celled,  tapering  into  the  subulate  style ;  stigma  terminal,  obtuse ;  ovules 
numerous  iu  each  cell,  on  central  ])laceuta,  horizontal  or  descending,  anatropous.  Fruit  a 
globular  small  berry,  becoming  dry,  2-celled;  cells  by  abortion  1-2-seeded;  seed  circinate- 
cochlcate,  with  crustaceous  testa;  embryo  annular,  in  a  very  thin  stratum  of  albumen; 
cotyledons  semiterete  ;  radicle  ascending. 
8.  CANOTIA.  Calyx  small,  5-lobed,  imbricated  in  the  bud,  persistent.  Petals  5,  imbricated 
in  the  bud.  oblong,  enlarging  in  anthesis,  deciduous.  Stamens  5,  alternate  with  the  petals ; 
filaments  filiform,  naked,  persistent ;  anthers  apiculate.  Ovary  ovoid,  with  a  solid  base  or 
gynohase,  above  with  5  small  cells  (o])posite  the  petals)  and  about  6  ampiiitropous  ovules 
in  each  cell ;  style  persistent,  elongating ;  stigma  truncate,  5-crenate.  Fruit  drupaceous- 
capsular,  oblong-ovoid,  pointed  with  the  subulate  indurated  style ;  thin  fleshy  epicarp  at 
length  dry,  persistent  on  tiie  woody  and  thicker  endocarp,  in  age  dehiscent  above  through 
the  persistent  style  into  10  short  and  slender-tipped  valves;  no  columella;  seeds  solitary  or 
a  j)air  in  each  cell ;  nucleus  oval  or  oblong  with  a  close  subcoriaceous  coat,  below  the  insertion 
produced  into  a  membranaceous  wing  ;  embryo  straight  iu  a  thin  stratum  of  fleshy  albumen ; 
cotyledons  oblong,  flat ;  radicle  short,  inferior. 

1.  sum  Ana,  Plum.  (Z>.  Sunan,  a  French  physician.)  —  Nov.  Gen. 
37,  t.  40  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  852  ;  Lam.  111.  t.  389  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  313  ; 
Baill.  Hist.  PI.  iv.  427,  511,  f.  526-529.  —  Single  species. 

S.  maritima,  L.  Shrub  a  yard  or  two  high,  soft-pubescent,  thickly  branched  :  leaves 
linear  s])atulate,  alternate,  entire,  tliickish  and  veinless,  much  crowded  on  the  branches: 
flowers  solitary  or  few  and  short-ped uncled  in  terminal  clusters  :  sepals  ovate,  acuminate, 
equalling  the  yellow  petals,  3  lines  long.  —  Spec.  i.  284  (Sloaue,  Jam.  ii.  29,  t.  162,  f.  4; 
riuk.  Aim.  t.  241,  f.  5)  ;  DC.  Trodr.  ii.  91.  —  Sea-shore,  Florida.     (Most  tropical  coasts.) 

2.  AILANTHUS,  Desf.  Ailantus-tree,  Chinese  Sumach,  &c. 
{Ailanto,  said  to  be  native  name  of  Chinese  species,  and  to  mean  Tree  of  Hempen. 
Name  often  corrected  to  Ailantus,  but  it  was  published  in  the  other  form.)  — 
Mem.  Acad.  Sci.  Par.  1786,  265,  t.  8. 

A.  glandul6sus,  Desf.  1.  c.  Tall  tree,  of  rapid  growth,  bitter  bark,  and  somewhat  ill-scented 
foliage,  not  glandular :  leaves  very  large,  pinnately  13-27-foliolate  ;  leaflets  oblong-ovate, 
acuminate,  entire  or  with  a  few  irregular  coarse  teeth  :  flowers  in  panicles,  in  early  summer, 
yellowish  white,  very  ill-scented,  especially  the  sterile:  keys  2  inches  long.  — L'Hor.  Stirp. 
Am.  t.  84.  —  Much  planted  as  a  shade  tree,  and  often  self-sown,  especially  iu  or  near  eastern 
towns,  becoming  naturalized  southward.     (Nat.  from  China.) 

3.  SIMAH'CTBA,  Aubl.  Bitter-wood.  (Supposed  native  name.)  —  Trop- 
ical American  trees,  with  very  bitter  bark,  alternate  abruptly  pinnate  leaves  on 
naked  petioles,  and  rather  small  white  flowers  in  terminal  and  axillary  compound 
panicles.  —  PI.  Guian.  ii.  859,  t.  331,  332  (Stmarouba)  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen. 
i.  309 ;  Eugler  in  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  2,  222,  t.  45. 

S.  glauca,  DC.  (Paradise-tree.)  Tree  30  to  50  feet  high,  glabrous:  leaflets  7  to  12, 
ciiriareous,  shining  above,  pale  and  glauceseent  beneath,  obovate-oblong,  commonly  retuse, 
beneath  transversely  veined  from  a  jjrominent  midrib:  anthers  linear-oblong;  short  appen- 
dage to  the  filament  densely  villous:  drupes  olive-shaped,  almost  inch  long,  scarlet.  —  Ann. 
Mus.  Par.  xvii.  323,  &  Prodr.  i.  733;  Chapm.  Fl.  67;  Nutt.  Sylv.  iii.  20,  t.  87  (poor); 
Engler,  1.  c.  224.1  g_  medicinalis,  Endl.  Mediz.  528,  &c.  Quassia  Siinaruha,  Wright,  Trans. 
Edinb.  Roy.  Soc.  ii.  73,  t.  1,  2.  — Keys  of  S.  Florida.     (W.  Ind.  to  Brazil.) 

4.  C  ASTEL A,  Turpin.  (Eene  Castel,  wrote  a  poem  upon  plants.)  —  Spinose 
shrubs  (of  subtropical  American  coasts),  with  small  and  entire  alternate  leaves  of 
coriaceous  texture,  and  small  flowers  solitary  or  fascicled  in  their  axils.     Wood 

1  Add  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  91,  t.  38,  39, 


Canotia.  SI.MAKI  HACK.K.  379 

and  bark  very   Itittcr.  —  Ami.  ISIus.  Par.  \ii.  7S,  t.  . j  ;    Plaiicli.  Li.ml.  ,f(jur.  JJot. 
V.  0(;7;   (Jray,  (uii.  111.  ii.  l.').'..  t.  l."»8. 

C.  Nicholsoni,  II<><>k.  a  rij,nil  ami  very  siniiy  low  slinili,  tninciitiiliiso-caiiesccnt,  cxrfjit 
the  iippiT  fate  of  the  leaves:  tliese  hiiue-linear  to  <il)li»ii;,'-s|iatu]:ite.  from  retuse  to  iniKro- 
nate  or  apiculate,  very  coriaceous,  veinless  al»ove,  oljscurely  transversely  veined  beneath, 
quarter  to  half  inch  long,  with  mostly  revolute  margins:  flowers  saffron  colored,  very  short- 
pedicelled:  drupes  red,  a  quarter  or  third  iuch  long.  —  Bot.  Misc.  i.  271,  t.  55 ;  jorr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  680 ;  I'lanch.  1.  e.  566  ;  Gray,  1.  c.  C.  erecta,  Grisel).  Fl.  W.  Ind.  140,  in  part,  not 
Tnrp.,  wliicli  is  i,^rc(ii  and  glaltrous.  —  Coast  of  Te.xas.'     (Antigua,  Me.x.,  &c.) 

5.  HOLACANTHA,  (iniy.  ("OAo?,  complete,  aKavBa,  thorn,  tlie  naked 
branehes  all  thorn-like.)  —  PI.  Thurb.  310;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Boninl.  lo,  t.  «  ; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  310.  —  Single  species. 

H.  Emoryi,  Gray,  1.  c.  Kigid  shrub,  5  to  10  feet  high,  with  bitter  wood,  the  young  parts 
caiicstiiitly  pubescent,  nuuh  branched,  the  terete  long  and  naked  l)ranchlets  tapering  into 
spines:  leaves  in  seedlings  alternate,  lanceolate  or  linear,  half  inch  long,  thickish,  entire  or 
repand  or  with  a  pair  of  l)asal  lobes  (a  small  spine  in  most  axils) ;  in  grown  plants  mostly 
reduced  to  small  ovate  or  subulate  green  scales,  and  these  deciduous  :  flowers  glomerate  on 
spinescent  branchlets,  suli.'^essik',  canoscent  outside,  white  within  :  drupes  soon  dry  and  nut- 
like, quarter  inch  long.  —  Arid  plains  of  S.  Arizona;  first  coll.  by  Emory,  and  figured 
without  name  by  Engelmann  (Emory,  Hep.  158,  no.  14). 

6.  PICRAMNIA,  Swartz.  (HiKpo's,  bitter,  eafxvo<;,  .shrub.)  —  Tropiciil 
American  shrubs  with  bitter  wood,  alternate  imparipinnate  leaves,  and  small 
greenish  flowers  more  or  less  glomerate  in  long  and  slender  pendulous  spikes  or 
racemes.  —  Prodr.  Veg.  Ind.  27,  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  i.  217,  t.  4;  P>enth.  &  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  31o. 

P.  pentandra,  S\v.\ktz.  Leaflets  5  to  9,  ovateo1)long,  acuminate,  glabrous,  shining  above: 
jiftals  ;incl  stamens  5:  .stigmas  2,  sessile,  diverging:  berries  rounded  at  both  ends,  reddish, 
turning  black.— Fl.   Ind.  Occ.  i.  220,  t.  4 ;  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub.  M<i;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  140. 

—  Forests  of  S.  Florida,  Curhcr,  Curtiss. 

7.  KCEBERLlNIA,  Zucc.  (C.  L.  Koeherlin,  a  German  amateur  bot:i- 
nist.)  —  Zucc.  Abh.  Akad.  Miinchen,  i.  358,  &  Flora,  1832,  pt.  2,  Beibl.  74; 
Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  30.  —  Single  species. 

K.  spinosa,  Zucc.  11.  cc.  Leafless  shrub  or  small  tree :  branches  slender  and  green- 
barked,  rigid  but  rush-like,  spine-tipped,  either  alternate  or  opposite,  and  subtended  by 
minute  and  subulate  glal)rous  scales  :  flowers  small,  in  umbelliform  lateral  fascicles,  \vhite  or 
whitish  :  berries  red,  not  over  three  lines  in  diameter,  soon  dry.  —  Benth.  I'l.  llartw.  35 ;  Torr. 
liot.  Mex.  Bound.  42.2  — S.  Texas,  on  and  near  the  Rio  Grande,  to  S.  Arizona.     (Mex.) 

8.  CANOTIA,  Torr.  (Native  Mexican  name.)  —  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  68; 
Gray,  Bot.  Ives  Rep.  15,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xii.  159;  Brew.  &,  Wats.  Bot. 
Calif,  i.  190;   Rothrock  in  Wheeler,  Rep,  vi.  81,  t.  1.* — Single  species. 

C.  holacantha,  Tork.  1.  c.  A  glabrous  and  green-branched  shrub  or  low  tree  (sometimes 
20  to  .•{()  feet  high  with  trunk  at  l)a.se  a  foot  in  diameter):  l>ranches  slender,  rush-like, 
mo.stly  si)iny-tipped,  not  very  rigid:  wood  and  bark  not  bitter:  leaves  so  far  as  known 
reduced  to  minute  alternate  scales,  and  the.se  deciduous:  flowers  in  small  fascicles  or  pani- 
cles, globular  in  the  bud  :  pet.^]s  greenish  white,  2  lines  long:  fruit  an  inch  long.  —  I'lains, 
hillsides,  and  canons  of  Arizona;*  first  coll.  by  A'wory,  then  in  fruit  by  Bifjdi.w,  in  flower  by 
Palmer,  Rothrock,  and  Pringle. 

1  Ascending  the  Rio  Grande  as  far  as  Eagle  I'ass,  ace.  to  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Ilorb.  ii.  55. 

2  Aibl  Sarf;ont,  Sdv.  i.  93,  t.  40. 
8  Aild  Sarpont,  1.  c.  87,  t.  .37. 

*  Also  on  the  Providence  Mts.,  S.  E.  California,  Cooper,  ace.  to  I^rtw.  &  Wats.  Rot.  Calif,  i.  190. 


380  BURSERACE.E.  Bursera. 

Oeder  XXXV.     BURSERACE^. 

By  a.  Gray. 

Trees  or  shrubs  (all  tropical  or  subtropical),  with  alternate  and  pinnately  com- 
pound leaves,  no  stipules,  and  small  regular  flowers,  like  Rutace^  and  Simaruha- 
cecB  except  that  the  foliage  is  destitute  of  pellucid  or  glandular  dots  and  there 
is  no  particular  bitterness,  but  the  wood  and  bark  are  resiniferous  (the  juice 
yielding  myrrh,  copal,  and  various  balsams).  Ovary  2-5-celled,  with  a  pair  of 
collateral  pendulous  anatropous  or  amphitropous  ovules  in  each  cell  (micropyle 
superior) .  Fruit  drupaceous  or  the  epicarp  valvular-dehiscent ;  seeds  solitary, 
without  albumen  ;  embryo  with  thin  contortuplicate  cotyledons.  Represented  on 
southern  borders  only  by 

1.  BtTRSERA,  Jacq.  (J.  Burser,  a  botanist  of  the  IGth  century.)  — 
Flowers  polygamous,  3-o-merous.  Calyx  small.  Petals  ovate  or  oblong,  in- 
serted on  the  base  of  annular  hypogynous  disk,  imbricate  or  induplicate  in  the 
bud,  above  widely  spreading.  Stamens  6  to  10.  Ovary  ovoid,  o-celled ;  style 
very  short;  stigma  3-lobed.  Fruit  globular  or  trigonous,  by  abortion  mostly 
1-celled  and  1-seeded ;  fleshy  or  coriaceous  epicarp  2-3-valved  and  falling  away 
from  the  bony  endocarp.  —  Jacq.  ace.  to  L.  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  471,  &  Stirp.  Am.  94,  t. 
65  (Burseria)  ;  L.  Gen.  ed.  6,  no.  440  ;  Engler  in  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  2,  251, 
&  DC.  Monogr.  Phan.  iv.  36.  —  American  trees  or  shrubs,  some  of  them  copalifer- 
ous,  with  pinnately  compound  leaves,  small  and  white  or  yellowish  mostly  pani- 
cled  or  fascicled  flowers,  and  small  drupes. 

B.  gummifera,  L.  (Gumbo  Limbo,  Mastic-tree.)  Eesiniferous  tree,  with  spongy  wood 
and  reddish  bark  which  exfoliates  in  thin  layers  (whence  the  name  W.  Ind.  Birch-tree), 
glabrous  :  leaflets  3  to  9,  ovate  or  oblong,  acuminate,  thinnish,  petiolulate  (2  or  3  inches 
long)  ;  common  petiole  slender :  flowers  in  lateral  panicles  from  the  base  of  leafy  shoots  of 
the  season,  commonly  .5-merous :  fruit  only  quarter  inch  long ;  the  brownish  husk  falling  in 
3  valves  from  the  white  and  triangular  persistent  nut.  —  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  471  (Sloane,  Jam. 
t.  199;  Catesb.  Car.  i.  t.  30) ;  Lam.  111.  t.  256;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  117,  t.  79;  Chapm.  Fl.  08; 
Engler  in  DC.  Monogr.  Than.  iv.  39.  Pistacia  Simaruba,  L.  Spec.  ii.  1026.1  — Coast  and 
keys  of  S.  Florida.^  (W.  Ind.  to  Venezuela.) 
B.  microph^Ua,  GraT.  Tortuous  shrub  or  small  tree,  with  trunk  4  to  6  inches  in  diam- 
eter, densely  branched,  glabrous:  leaves  mostly  crowded  at  summit  of  branchlets,  11-33- 
fuliolate ;  leaiiets  Imear-oblong,  obtuse,  thickish,  2  or  3  lines  long,  sessile  on  the  narrowly 
margined  rhachis :  peduncles  short,  2-4-flowered,  terminating  the  branchlets :  flowers 
5-merous :  petals  more  or  less  induplicate  in  the  bud  :  drupes  small,  ovoid  ;  cotyledons  very 
contortuplicate,  biternately  di.s.sected  into  linear  lobes.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  v.  155,  &  xvii. 
230;  Engler,  1.  c.  47,  537.  —  Kocky  hills  near  Maricopa,  S.  Arizona,  Parry,  Pringle. 
(Lower  Calif.,  Xantiis,  Palmer  ;  Mex.,  Palmer.) 

B.  HindsiAna,  Benth.  &  Hook.  ace.  to  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  157,  &  Engler,  1.  c.  58  {Elnphnnm, 
Benth.  Bot.  Sulph.  10),  which  is  unifoliolate,  and  var.  rhoif6lia,  Engler,  1.  c,  which  is  trifolio- 
late,  are  of  Lower  California.  The  latter  form  was  collected  by  Prmjle  in  N.  W.  Sonora,  near 
the  Gulf  of  California,  and  may  probably  occur  in  S.  W.  Arizona. 

1  Add  Rvn.  B.  Simaruhn,  Sarp:ent,  Card.  &  For.  iii.  260,  &  Silv.  i.  97,  t.  41,  42. 

2  On  the  eastern  coast  as  far  north  as  Csipe  Canaveral,  ace  to  Sargent,  1.  c. 


Rhus.  ANACAUDIACEiE.  381 

Order  XXXVI.    ANACARDIACEiE. 

By  a.  Ckay. 

Shrubs  or  trees  (of  temperate  and  largely  of  tropical  countries),  with  resinous 
juice,  alternate  dotless  leaves  and  no  stipules.  Flowers  small  and  regular, 
mostly  5-merous,  symmetrical  except  as  to  number  of  carpels.  Calyx  and  corolla 
imbricated  or  valvate  in  the  bud.  Stamens  as  many  as  petals  and  alternate  with 
them,  or  sometimes  twice  as  many,  inserted  with  the  petals  outside  of  or  on  a 
hypogynous  or  subperigyuous  disk.  Ovary  mainly  1 -celled  but  with  2  or  3  styles 
or  stigmas  (in  the  Mango  sim})le,  in  the  Hog  Plums  3-5-celled),  and  a  solitary 
anatropous  ovule.  Fruit  almost  always  drupaceous ;  seed  with  large  embryo 
and  little  or  no  albumen  ;  the  fiat  or  plano-convex  cotyledons  in  ours  accumbent 
on  the  radicle.  —  Represented  only  by  the  polymorphous  and  wide-spread  genus 
Rhus,  except  as  to  the  following. 

PisxiciA  MexkAna,  HBK.,  beiug  unknown  as  to  flowers,  is  more  probably  a  Rhus  (aa 
below  placed)  than  a  solitary  American  member  of  an  Old  World  genus. 

VeAtchia  Cedrosensis,  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  290,  of  the  islands  off  Lower  Cali- 
fornia {Rhus  Veatchiana,  Kellogg),  is  the  type  of  a  peculiar  genus  witii  accrescent  scarious  j)etal8 
and  utricular  fruit.i 

Sciifxus  MoLLE,  L.,  the  well-known  Pepper-tree  or  Chili  Pepper,  native  of  Chili  and 
Peru,  long  ago  widely  distributed  and  extending  to  the  U.  S.  borders,  is  much  planted  as  an 
ornamental  tree  in  S.  California. 

Spoxdias  lutea,  L.,  the  West  Indian  IIog  Plum,  may  have  effected  a  lodgment  on  the 
Keys  of  Florida,  as  its  nut-like  5-celled  putamen  is  occasionally  found  on  the  beaches. 

1.  RHtJS,  Tourn.  Sumach,  &c.  (The  ancient  Greek  and  Latin  name 
of  the  S.  European  species.)  —  Flowers  polygamous  or  dioecious,  seldom  truly 
perfect,  small,  white,  greenish,  or  rarely  yellow  rose-color.  Calyx  small,  5-parted. 
Petals  0,  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Stamens  5.  Ovule  on  a  funiculus  which  rises 
from  the  base  of  the  cell.  Embryo  with  a  short  radicle  accumbent.  —  Inst.  611, 
t.  381  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  241  ;  DC.  Prodr.  ii.  66;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  157,  t.  159,  160; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  418,  excl.  Lifhrcea.  li/ius,  Cotinus,  &  Toxicodendron, 
Tourn.  Inst.  610,  611  ;  Engler  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phan.  iv.,  also  Metopiutn,  P.Br. 
Jam.  177. — Trees  or  shrubs  of  varied  habit,  all  with  resinous  and  often  milky 
juice,  in  some  poisonous  (even  the  effluvium)  to  the  skin  ;  bark  and  foliage  of  the 
true  Sumachs  abounding  in  tannin,  and  therefore  valuable  in  leather-dressing. 

§  1.  Cotinus,  DC.  Dry  and  smooth  drupe  in  its  growth  becoming  very  gib- 
bous, the  remains  of  the  styles  therefore  deeply  lateral :  flowers  in  ample  loose 
panicles,  polygamous ;  pedicels  elong.ating  after  flowering  and  becoming  plu- 
mose-villous  :  leaves  simple  and  entire.  —  Prodr.  ii.  67.  (7o/ihm5,  Tourn.  Inst. 
610;   Engler,  1.  c.  349,  t.  12. 

1  This  species  has  subsequently  been  identified  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Rrandepee,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 
ser.  2,  ii.  140,  witli  tlic  problematic  Schinusf  discolor  of  Benth.  Dot.  Sulph.  11,  t.  9,  and  redescribed 
as  Veatckin  discolor. 


382  ANACARDIACE.E.  Rhus. 

R.  cotinoides,  Nitt.  (American  Smoke-tree,  Chittam-wood.)  Tree  25  to  40  feet 
hi"-li  with  soft  and  light  orauge-colored  wood,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  :  leaves  thin  and  mem- 
branaceous, oval,  witii  mostly  acute  or  narrowed  base,  3  to  6  inches  long:  flowers  (greenish 
yellow)  ami  fruit  as  in  A*.  Culimis.  —  Xutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  217,  as  synonym ;  Cliai.m. 
Fl.  70;  C.  Mohr,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1881,  217  ;  Sargent,  U.  S.  10th  Census,  ix.  52.  R.  Co- 
</ni(s,  Nutt.  Trav.  Arkansas,  177.  It.  Cotinus?  Tott.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  216.1  Cotinus  Ameri- 
canus,  Xutt.  Sylv.  iii.  1,  t.  81.2  — Wooded  calcareous  banks,  on  Grand  River,  a  tributary  of 
the  Arkansas"  (in  the  Indian  Territory),  Nutlall,  also  N.  Alabama,''  in  the  mountains, 
Buckley,  Nevius,  Mohr ;  rare  and  local. 

§  2.  Metopium.  Drupe  symmetrical,  glabrous  and  with  thin  chartaceous  and 
smooth  putamen  ;  style  very  short  and  undivided;  stigma  3-lobed  :  flowers  in 
ample  loose  panicles,  perfect  or  barely  polygamous:  leaves  pinnate.  — Metopium, 
P.  Br.  Jam.  177,  t.  13,  f.  3  ;  Engler,  1.  c.  367,  t.  13,  f.  32-38. 

R.  Metopium,  T^.  (Jamaica  Sumach,  Poison-wood,  but  hardly  poisonous.)  Low  tree, 
olalmms:  leaves  usually  5-foliolate ;  leaflets  long-petiolulate,  ovate,  with  rounded  or  sub- 
cordate  base,  from -obtuse  or  emarginate  to  abruptly  acuminate,  entire  (or  undulate-mar- 
gined), shining  above,  2  to  4  inches  long:  fruit  obovoid  or  oblong,  scarlet  when  ripe. — 
Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  964,  Amcen.  Acad.  v.  395,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  381  (P.  Br.  1.  c,  Sloane,  Jam. 
lit.  199,  f.  3) ;  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  ii.  t.  79  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  69.*  Metopium  Linnoii,  Engler,  1.  c. 
—  S.  Florida  along  the  coast  and  on  the  keys.     (W.  Ind.) 

§  3.  Rhus  proper.  Drupe  symmetrical  or  nearly  so,  with  crustaceous  or  bony 
putamen ;  short  styles  and  stigmas  distinct  or  partly  united :  flowers  mostly 
polygamous,  in  some  dioecious  :  leaves  (turning  red  in  autumn)  and  inflorescence 
various. 

*  ToxicoDENDROX.     Drupes  dun-colored  or  whitish,  the  thin  and  almost  always  glabrous 
epicarp  at  length  falling  away  from  the  granular-waxy  mesocarp,  this  traversed  by  copious 
longitudinal  or  partly  reticulating  fibres  in  one  or  two  series  and  more  persisting  around 
the  dull  and  somewhat  rugose  or  undulate  stone  (putamen)  :   leaves  deciduous,  pinnately 
3-several-foliolate  :  flowers  in  axillary  open  panicles  :  whole  plants  glabrous  or  glabrate, 
occasionally  pubescent,  the  juice  and  effluvium  acrid-poisonous ;    fl.  summer.  —  Toriro- 
dendion,  Tourn.  Inst.  610;  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8.     Rhus  §  Toxicodendron,  Gray,  Man.  eds.  2-5  ; 
DC,  and   Engler,  in  part.     (R.  trichocarpa,  Miq.,  is  of  this  section,  notwithstanding  tlie 
hirtillous  drupe :  a  Japanese  form  of  R.   Toxicodendron  has  the  same  anomaly  in  a  less 
degree.) 
-J-  Leaves  trifoliolate :    panicles  short :   stems  in  same  species  sometimes  erect  but  low, 
sometimes  climbing  (even  to  the  tops  of  trees)  by  multitudinous  rootlets  (never  "  volu- 
ble ").  —  Poison  Vines. 
R.  Toxicodendron,  L.     (Poison  Ivy,  Poison  Oak.)     Glabrous,  or  more  commonly  with 
young  foliage  and  often  the  adult  more  or  less  pubescent,  or  villous-bcarded  on  midrib  and 
veins  beneath  :  leaflets  variously  ovate,  all  or  some  acuminate  (2  to  5  inches  long),  entire  or 
angulate-dentate  or   sinuate   or   3-5-lobed,  lateral  ones  sliort-petiolulate :   panicles  almost 
always  shorter  than  the  petioles:  drupes  2  or  3  lines  in  diameter;  waxy  mesocarp  multi- 
costate  when  dry,  the  outer  circle  of  fibres  being  much  impressed.  —  Michx.  Fl.  i.  183; 
Pursh,  Fl.  i.  205  ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1806  ("  o,  vuhjare  ") ;  Nouv.  Duham.  ii.  t.  48  ;    Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  218;  Emerson,  Trees  &  Shrubs  Mass.  ed.  2,  ii.  577,  with  plate  ;  Engler,  1.  c.  393, 
excl.  var.     R.  Toxicodendron,  &  R.  radicans,  L.  Spec.  i.  266,  &  ed.  2,  i.  381  (Cornuti,  Canad. 
f.  97  ;  Dill.  Elth.  t.  291),  &  various  authors.^     In  general  the  high  climbing  plants  have  the 

1  Add  syn.  R.  Americamts,  Sudworth,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix.  80. 

2  Add  Sargent,  Silv.  iii.  3,  t.  98,  99.     C.  cotinmdes,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  21C. 

3  Also  mountains  of  E.  Tennessee,  and  near  Medina  River,  W.Texas,  Keverchon,  ace.  to  Sargent,  1.  c. 

4  Add  Sargent.  Silv.  iii.  13,  t.  100,  101. 

6  A  noteworthy  form  from  the  Keys  of  Florida  (where  coll.  in  fruit  by  Bhdgett)  has  been  called 
R.  Blodgetdi  by  Kearney,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxi.  486.     It  differs  in  its  somewhat  smaller  drupes  and 


Rhus.  AXACAKDIACE.E.  383 

more  entire  leaves  and  answer  to  A',  radimns,  L.  R.  verrucosa,  Scheele,  Linnaa,  xxi.  592, 
the  Miesocarp  described  for  tlie  surface  of  tlie  drupe.  Toximdendron  vu/yare,  jiuhf.-icetis,  criua- 
titiii,^  volubilis,  &  sermtnm,  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8.  (Varietie.s  indiscrlMiiuate  :  a  Japanese  one,  coll. 
Maximowicz,  has  hisj)idulous  fruit !)  —  Moist  or  shady  ground  ;  Nova  Scotia  to  Florida,  west 
to  Brit.  Columhia,  Oregon,  and  Arizona.  (Bermuda,  Mex.,  Japan.) 
R.  diversiloba,  Toitn.  &  (Jrav.  (Poison  Oak,  Yk.vui).)  Leaflets  oldung  or  oval  <.r 
somewhat  oliovate,  with  rounded  or  very  ol)tusc  apex,  varying  from  entire  to  sul)|iinnatifid 
(1  to  3  inches  long);  lateral  ones  sulisessile  :  panicles  surpassing  the  petioles  not  rarelv 
equalling  the  leaves :  otherwise  as  tlie  j)receiling. —  V\.  i.  218;  Lindl.  Bot.  Heg.  xxxi.  t.  "J 8; 
Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  110.  li.  Inhnta,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  127,  t.  46,  not  I'oir! 
A'.  Toxicodendrou,  var.  diversiloba,  Engler,  1.  c.  395.  —  Common  throughout  California,  north 
to  the  borders  of  Washington,  where  probal)ly  it  passes  into  the  preceding. 
-»—  -t—  Leaves  pinnate:    panicles  slender:    stems  never  rooting  or  climbing.  —  Vaiinisii 

TREES. 

R.  venenata,  DC.  (Poison  Dogwood,  Poison  Elder,  Poison  Si'mach.)  Arborescent 
shrul),  glabrous,  or  almost  so:  leaves  7-13-foliolate,  with  reddish  petiole;  leaflets  memlirana- 
ceou.s  oblong  or  oval,  acuminate,  entire,  acute  at  base  and  .somewhat  ])Ctiolulate,  pale 
beneath,  2  or  3  inches  long :  ])aniclcs  narrow :  drupes  small,  the  stone  broader  than  long, 
obtusely  sulcate  longitudinally.  —  Prodr.  ii.  68;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  126;  Torr.  &  Grav, 
n.  i.  218,  681;  Emerson,  I.e.,  with  plate;  Engler,  I.e.  397.-  R.  Vernix,  L.  Spec.  i.  265,' 
except  as  to  syn.  Kaempf.,  whence  however  the  name  (Dill.  Elth.  t.  292;  Pink.  Aim.  t.  145, 
f.  1 ) ;  Marsh.  Arb.  130 ;  Lam.  111.  t.  207,  f.  2 ;  Bigel.  Med.  Bot.  i.  96,  t.  10.  —  Wooded  swamps. 
Northern  New  England  and  Canada  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Georgia^  and  W.  Louisiana. 

*  *  Mal6sma,  Nutt.  Drupes  whitish,  very  small,  smooth  ;  the  mesocarp  a  thin  granular- 
waxy  layer  without  fibres;  the  ob.scurely  didymons  stone  smooth  and  bonv  :  leaves  simjde, 
thin-coriaceous :  flowers  polygamous,  very  numerous  in  an  ample  terminal  panicle :  petals 
slightly  imbricated  in  the  bud  :  plant  apparently  innocuous. 

R.  laurina,  Nutt.  Shrub,  very  leafy,  evergreen,  exhaling  odor  of  l)ittcr  almonds :  leaves 
oblong,  verging  to  lanceolate,  entire,  acute  or  obtuse,  mucronate,  jiinnately  veinv,  3  or  4 
inches  long,  rounded  at  base,  rather  long-petioled  :  flowers  very  small,  white  :  drupes  a  line 
or  hardly  two  lines  in  diameter.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  219;  Brew.  &  Wats.  1.  c. 
Ill;  Engler,  I.e.  393.  Lithrfpa  lanriua,  Walp.  Rep.  i.  551;  Torr.  Pacif.  H.  Kep.  iv.  7.3, 
&  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  44,  t.  7.  —  S.  California  in  valleys  near  the  coast,  from  Santa  Barbara 
to  San  Diego 5  and  islands;  first  coll.  by  Nuttall. 

*  *  *  SiJmac.  Drupes  red,  sour,  and  the  epicarp  clothed  with  acid  secreting  hairs; 
the  mesocarp  thin  fleshy  and  not  ceriferous,  its  delicate  fil)res  coherent  rather  witii  the 
epicarj)  and  freely  separating  from  tlie  smooth  and  even  stone :  no  poisonous  qualities, 
except  possibly  in  A',  pumila.  — §  Sumac  in  part,  &  Lobadium  (Raf.),  DC.  Prodr.  ii.  67,  72. 
§  Trichocarpre,  Engler,  1.  c.  376,  excl.  R.  trirhocarpa. 

•§—  True  Shmachs  :  leaves  pinnately  plurifoliolate,  deciduous  or  iu  one  species  subpersist- 
ent,  the  leaflets  se.ssile :  polygamous  (or  dioecious)  flowers  and  crimson  fruit  in  a  dense 
and  sessile  terminal  thyrsus  or  with  smaller  ones  in  axils  of  uppermost  leaves  ;  bracts 
minute,  thin  and  deciduous:  erect  shrubs  or  small  trees,  with  large  leaves  and  stout 
branches,  orange  or  yellow  wood,  bark  and  especially  foliage  astringent  (rich  in  tannin) 
and  used  in  tanning ;  fl.  summer. 

++   Rhachis  between  the  leaflets  naked. 

its  smaller  thicker  less  pubescent  leaflets,  —  distinctions  of  doubtful  value  in  a  plant  .«o  near  the  widely 
distributed  and  polymorphous  R.  Toxicodendron.  Similar  specimens  from  W.  Florida,  Eugtl,  and 
Texas,  Lindheimer,  are  in  some  regards  transitions  to  the  typical  form. 

1  T.  crenntum.  Mill.  1.  c.,  probably  was  R.  Canadensis,  Marsh. 

'•i  Add  Millspaugh,  Med.  Pi.  i.  .37,  t.  37. 

8  Add  Sargent,  1.  c.  2-3,  t.  107,  108. 

*  Florida,  Ruf/el. 

6  Also  extending  far  southward  into  I^wcr  Calif.,  arc.  to  Rr.indegee. 


384  ANACARDIACE.E.  Rhus. 

R.  glabra,  L.i  (Smooth  Sumach.)  Shrub  3  to  15  feet  high,  glabrous  at  least  up  to  the 
iiitluresffiKe :  leartets  mostly  broadly  lanceolate,  acuminate,  sliarply  serrate  (2  or  3  inches 
Ions;),  bright  green  above,  glaucous-white  beneath:  fruit  of  the  next  or  shorter-haired 
(leaflets  also  sometimes  laciniate.-)  —  Spec.  i.  26.'3  (Dill.  Kith,  t  243) ;  Lam.  111.  t.  207,  f.  1  ; 
Marsh.  Arb.  128  (but  there  are  no  varieties  with  "scarlet  flowers");  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
217 ;  Gray,  Geu.  111.  ii.  t.  159;  Emerson,  I.  c.  ii.  572,  with  ])late.  li.  Canadensis,  Mill.  Diet, 
ed.  8.  R.  elegans,  Ait.  Kew.  i.  366.  — Open  dry  ground,  Canada  to  W.  Florida  and  Texas, 
west  to  Brit.  Columbia,  E.  Oregon,  and  mountains  of  Arizona. 

R.  typhina,  L.  (Common  or  Stag-horn  Sumach.)  Tall  shrub  or  small  tree  with  spread- 
ing branches,  these  with  petioles  and  inflorescence  den.sely  vclvety-villous :  leaflets  lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  sharply  serrate  (2  to  4  inches  long),  thin,  pale  or  whitish  beneath,  more  or 
less  pubescent :  fruit  in  a  large  and  very  dense  crimson  thyrse ;  the  velvety-hispid  drupes 
sharplv  acid.  (Varies  rarely  with  laciniate-dissected  leaves  or  confluent  leaflets,  when  it  is 
Datisca  hirta,  L.  Spec.  ii.  1037.)— Cent.  PI.  ii.  14,  Anicen.  Acad.  iv.  311,  &  Spec.  ed.  2,  i. 
380 ;  Marsh.  Arb.  129  ;  Nouv.  Duham.  ii.  t.  47  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Emerson,  1.  c.  with  plate.^ 
R.  hi/pselodendron,  Moench,  Meth.  73.  R.  viridiflora,  Poir.  Diet.  vii.  504.*  — Fertile  dry 
soil,  New  Brunswick  ^  to  Minnesota,  and  along  the  mountains  southward  to  Georgia  and 
Mississippi.     Apparently  hybridizes  with  R.  (jlabra. 

R.  pumila,  Michx.  Shrub  one  to  three  feet  high,  with  procumbent  base,  soft-pubescent: 
leaflets  fewer,  oval  or  oblong,  commonly  obtuse,  strongly  and  unequally  serrate,  velvety 
beneath  (2  or  3  inches  long):  thyrse  more  open.^  — Fl.  i.  182;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  204;  Torr.  & 
Grav,  Fl.  i.  217;  Curtis,  Cat.  N.  Car.  93;  not  Meerb.''  —  Pine  woods  and  barrens,  middle 
upper  country,  N.  Carolina  to  Georgia  ;  first  coll.  by  Michaux. 

++    ++   Rhachis  margined  or  winged  between  the  firmer  and  coriaceous  leaflets:  copious 
copalline  juice  from  the  stems :  drupes  with  very  short  and  fine  pubescence. 

R.  COpallina,  L.  (Dwarf  Sumach.)  Low  shrub  with  running  subterranean  shoots,  or 
southward  arborescent  and  10  to  30  feet  high,  soft-pubescent  or  puberulent  when  young: 
leaflets  9  to  23,  oblong-ovate  or  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  from  obtuse  to  acuminate, 
entire  or  coarsely  few-toothed,  more  or  less  inequilateral,  the  upper  face  at  length  shining ; 
the  purple  rhachis  below  narrowly  and  between  upper  pairs  of  leaflets  more  broadly  wing- 
margined  :  thyrse  comparatively  open  :  flowers  yellowish-tinged.  —  Spec.  i.  266  ;  Marsh. 
Arb.  128 ;  Lam.  111.  t.  207,  f.  3 ;  Jacq.  Ilort.  Schcenb.  iii.  50,  t.  341  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  217  ; 
Engler,  1.  c.  383,  with  vars.  —  Sterile  and  dry  ground,  but  also  in  sandy  bottom  lands.  New 
England  and  adjacent  Canada®  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Florida,  and  Texas. 

Var.  leucantha,  DC.  Leaflets  lanceolate,  not  rarely  falcate,  mostly  quite  entire: 
flowers  white.  —  Prodr.  ii.  68;  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  158.  R.  leucantha,  Jacq.  1.  c.  t.  342. 
R.  copallina,  var.  lanceolata,  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  158.^  —  Dry  sandy  soil  and  limestone 
bluffs,  Texas  to  Florida.     (Cuba.) 

•i—  -h-   LobAdium.     Leaves  pinnate  or  palmate  or  simple :  flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so  and 
subtended  by  squamaceous  chartaceous  or  coriaceous  concave  bracts  within  wliich  is  a 

1  A  species  very  closely  allied  to  (if  not  merely  a  low  and  greener  form  of)  R.  i/Iahrn  is  R.  Cako- 
LiNi.vNA,  W.  \V.  Ashe,  Bot.  Gaz.  xx.  548,  t.  37,  "growing  in  old  fields  and  low  woods  "  of  Central 
N.  Carolina.  The  species  appears  to  be  unrepresented  in  the  largor  American  herbaria,  and  an  appli- 
cation to  its  author  lias  thus  far  secured  neither  the  gift  nor  loan  of  authentic  specimens. 

2  Var.  LACiNiATA,  Carricre,  Rev.  Hort.  1863,  7. 

3  Add  Sargent,  1.  c.  15,  t.  102,  103. 

*  Add  syn.  R.  hirta,  Sudworth,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix.  81,  not  Ilarv. 

6  Nova  Scotia,  ace.  to  Macoun. 

6  There  has  long  been  a  doubt  concerning  the  poisonous  qualities  of  this  species,  and  recent  evi- 
dence is  also  very  conflicting.  While  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  viii.  404,  asserts  its  extreme  virulence, 
Ashe,  Bot.  Gaz.  xx.  549,  states  that  the  berries  are  innocuous,  being  greedily  eaten  by  negro  children 
without  ill  effects. 

"  Add  syn.  R.  Michauxii,  Sargent.  1.  c.  viii.  404,  f.  55. 

8  Also  at  Lansdowne,  Ont.,  Yonnt),  ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun.  Species  said  to  be  very  rare  in  Canada. 
Add  lit.  Sargent,  Silv.  iii.  19,  t.  104,  105. 

9  Add  Sargent,  1.  c.  20,  t.  106. 


Jihus.  ANACARDIACE.E.  385 

pair  of  transverse  bractlets;  inflorescenco  of  short  and  at  first  commonlv  amc-iitif..rm 
spikes,  eitlier  solitary  or  thyrsoid-glomerate,  or  more  loosely  |,aiiieulute :  disk  eommonlv 
lobed:  drupcs,viseid-jiul)esceut :  erect  slirulis. 

++  Evergreen,  with  rigid  coriaceous  pinnate  leaves,  wingless  rhachis,  rather  open  paniculate 
inflorescence,  and  white  or  rose-colored  harely  polygamous  flcnvers. 
R.  Virens,  Lindh.  Shruh.  4  to  1 2  feet  high,  glahrous  or  ni<.stly  yuung  parts  soft-puherulent : 
leaflets  3  to  9,  ovate  or  olilong,  inch  or  more  long,  entire,  shining  ahove,  slightly  petiuhilate  : 
panicles  mostly  shorter  than  the  leaves:  drupes  4  or  5  lines  in  diameter.  — Li'ndh.  in  Gray, 
J'l.  I.imlh.  i)t.  2,  159  (Jan.  1850);  (Jray,  pi.  Wriglit.  i.  31,  ii.  27.  A',  sempfrrirpm,  Scheelt'i 
Liunaca.  xxiii.  556  (1850?);  Kngler,  I.e.  390,  e.xci.  var.  —  \V.  &  S.  Texas  (first  coll.  by 
Bcrlaiulier)  to  S.  Arizona;  fl.  autumn,  or  also  in  summer.  (Mex.,  first  coll  bv  J'h 
Coulter.) 

++  ++  Evergreen,  with  very  rigid  coriaceous  and  mostly  simple  leaves,  more  glomerate 
and  bracteato  inflorescence,  and  rose-colored  or  wiiite  jwlygamous  flowers.  —  .sV^^jAwi/u, 
Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  220. 

R.  integrifolia,  Benth.  &  Hook.  Shrub,  2  to  6  feet  high,  or  southward  a  small  tree,  very 
leafy  .  leaves  oval,  very  obtuse  at  both  ends  or  acutish  at  base,  entire  or  variably  spinulose- 
(lenticulate,  inch  or  two  long,  dark  green  and  shining  above,  and  with  transverse  veins  in 
dry  state  prominulous,  short-petioled,  occasionally  a  longer  petiole  bearing  3  similar  leaflets, 
the  lateral  ones  sessile  and  smaller :  inflorescence  and  young  parts  cinereous  or  canescentlv 
puberulent:  bracts  and  similar  but  thinner  bractlets  orbicular :  sepals  oval-orbicular,  thin- 
chartaceous,  and  somewhat  scariou.s-margined,  glabrous  or  glabrate,  ciliolate :  drupes  half 
inch  in  diameter,  very  viscid  and  acid.  — Benth.  &  Hook.  ace.  to  Wats.  Cat.  PI.  Wheeler 
Kep.  7,  &  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  358  (Brew.  &  Wats,  Bot.  Calif,  i.  110,  in  pajrt)  ;  Engler,  1.  c. 
387,  in  part.i  Sti//ilwnia  integrifolia.  &  5.  serrata,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Grav,  Fl.  i.  220,  &  Svlv. 
iii.  4,  6,  t.  62.  —Cliffs  on  the  sea-shore,  S.  California  and  islands,  I.os  Angeles  Co.2  to  San 
Diego,  first  coll.  by  Nuttall.  Fruit  or  its  excretion  used  for  acidulous  drinks.  (Lower 
Calif.) 

R.  ovata,  Watson.  Shruh,  more  glabrous :  leaves  larger  and  more  lucid  (2  or  3  inches 
long  and  petiole  half  to  three  fourths  inch  long),  ovate  or  snbcordate,  mostlv  entire  and  acu- 
minate or  acute:  bracts  and  calyx  as  in  preceding  but  more  glabrate,  the  latter  hardlv 
at  all  ciliolate:  drupes  a  third  inch  in  diameter  (the  viscid  a(^d  secretion  becoming  a 
sweet  manna-like  incrustation,  Orcutt,  W.  Am.  Scient.  iii.  46).  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  358 
but  flowers  white  and  pink,  not  "pale  yellow."  R.  integrifolia,  Engler,  1.  c.,  in  part.  Stif- 
phonia  serrntn,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  vii.  t.  2  (excl.  a  separate  leaf),  &  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  44, 
mainly.  —  Mountains  of  S.  Californa,  from  Santa  Barbara^  to  Sau  Diego,  and  S.  W.  Ari- 
zona, probably  first  coll.  by  T/i.  Coulter.  (Lower  Calif.) 
R.  Lentii.  Kellogg,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  16,  &  plate  in  He.xperian  (November,  1859, 

ace.  to  Mrs.  Curran),  reprinted  in  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.,  is  an  allied  species  of  Cedros  Island, 

•with  very  large  frnit.     Ii.  Ilindxiana,  Engler,  1.  c.  388,  can  hardly  be  the  same  if  it  has  ovate 

acute  bracts  and  leaves  less  obtuse  at  base. 

++++++  Deciduous-leaved  shrubs:  flowers ■polygamo-dioccious,  in  solitarv  or  small-clu.s- 
tered  spikes  or  heads  which  are  formed  in  summer  or  autumn  and  develop  in  sj)ring 
before  the  leaves.  — §  Lobadium,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  219.  Lobadium,  Raf.  Am.  Monthly 
Mag.  iv.  357. 

R.  Canadensis,  Marsh.  Shrub  with  spreading  branches,  3  to  7  feet  high,  with  bark  and 
foli.ige  not  unjdc.isantly  scented:  leaves  membranaceous,  .3-foliolate,  soft-pubescent  when 
young,  commonly  glabrate  at  maturity  ;  leaflets  rhombic-obovate  or  ovate,  the  ternnnal  one 
cuneate-attenuate  at  base  but  .«essile  or  nearly  so,  sometimes  3-cleft,  all  coar.«elv  or  sinuately 

toothed  or  inci.-;ed,  1    to  3  inches  long:  flowers  honey-yellow:  drupes  as  large  as  peas. 

Arb.  120  (1785,  and  adequately  characterized).     R.  uromatica  (the  pubescent),  &  R.  sua- 

1  Add  Sargent.  Silv.  iii.  27.  t.  109. 

2  Norlhwfstwanl  to  S.mta  Barbara,  Dr.  Anlisell. 

*  Al.so  (ace.  to  Brandegec)  upon  the  Santa  Barbara  Islands,  where  inclining  to  be  arboreous. 


386  AXACARDrACE.E.  Rhus. 

veolens  (the  more  glabrous  form),  Ait.  Kew.  i.  367,  368.  R.  aromati'ca,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  184  ; 
Turp.  Ann.  Mus.  Par.  v.  445,  t.  30;  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  160,  t.  100; 
Engler,  1.  c.  385,  excl.  var.  y.  Betula  triphylla,  Tliuub.  Diss.  Betul.  L2,  t.  1,  f.  2,  ace.  to 
Swartzi  Aduot.  25.i  Turpinia  puhescins,  &  T.  (jlahra,  Raf.  Med.  Hep.  hex.  2,  v.  352,  & 
Desv.  Jour.  Bot.  ii.  170  (1809).  — Dry  rocky  banks,  N.  W.  New  England  and  adjacent 
Canada  to  Minnesota  and  Saskatcliewan,  south  to  Kentucky  and  Arkausas,^  past^ing  into 
the  following  forms. 

Var.  ni611is,  Gu.w.  Leaves  and  young  shoots  densely  velvety-tomentose,  but  other- 
wise as  the  following.  —  Gray  in  Patterson,  Ciieck-list,  1892,'  21.  R.  trilohala,  var.  (molliter 
tomcnlosa),  (iray,  PI.  Wright',  ii.  27.  R.  trilobata,  var.  pilosissima,  Engler,  1.  c.  386.— New 
Mexico.-'  &c.,  Ffiudler,  Wri(/ht,  &c. 

Var.  trilobata,  Gray.  Glabrous  or  early  glabrate  :  leaves  smaller  ;  leaflets  usually 
half  inch  to  inch  long,  obovate-cuneate,  crenately  few-lobed  or  incised,  mainly  at  summit.— 
Gray  in  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  ii.  68.  R.  aromatira,  var.  trilobata.  Gray,  Am. 
Jour.  Sci.  ser.  2,  xxxiii.  408  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  53  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  110. 
R.  trilobata,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  219 ;  Gray,  PL  Lindh.  pt.  2,  159,  PI.  Wright,  i.  31, 
ii.  27,  &c.  R.  trilobata,  var.  glaberrima,  Engelm.  1.  c.  -  Rocky  bluffs  and  poor  soil,  Dakota 
to  Texas,*  and  west  to  California  and  Oregon. 

Var.*  Simplicifolia,  Gukkxe.  I>ike  tlie  last,  but  leaves  all  or  mainly  simple,  round- 
cordate,  crenatc-lobnlate  or  some  deeply  3-cleft.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvii.  13.— Canons  of 
N.  Arizona,  (Jreene  ;  Cautilla.s  Mountains,  on  the  borders  of  Lower  California,  Orctttt. 

Var.*  quinata,  Jkpson  (under  R.  trilobata).  Terminal  leaHet  deeply  3-fid,  the  seg- 
ments a])proacliing  in  size  the  crenate  or  incised  lateral  leaflets,  thus  rendering  the  leaves 
apparently  5-foliolate.  —  Erythea,  i.  141.  —  Napa  Co.,  Calif.,  Jepson. 
R.  microph^ila,  Engelm.  Tall  shrub  with  verrucose  branches,  puberulent  or  glabrous  : 
leaves  suV)Coriaceous,  pinnately  7-9-foliolate  ;  leaflets  a  quarter  to  barely  half  inch  long,  ob- 
long, entire,  veinless,  sometimes  silky-pubescent  beneath,  not  shining  ;  rhacliis  winged  be- 
twe'en  the  pairs  :  flowers  white,  small,  in  heads  or  oblong  spikes  :  fruit  nearly  of  the  preceding. 
—  Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  31,  &  ii.  27;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  44  ;  Engler,  1.  c. 
387.  -^  Margin  of  thickets  and  rocky  hills,  S.  &  W.  Texas  to  S.  Arizona,  Wright,  Lindheimer, 
Reverchon.     (Mex.,  Schaffner,  Palmer,  Pringle,  &c.) 

*  *  *  *  PiSTACiofDES.  Drupes  glabrous  and  with  smooth  even  stone ;  aromatic  pulp 
neither  acid  nor  ceifferous. 
R.  Mexicana,  Gray.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  glabrous  (in  age)  :  leaves  crowded  at  summit 
of  slender  branchlets,  deciduous  ;  leaflets  9  to  1 7,  subcoriaceous,  oblong,  obtuse,  very  unequal- 
sided,  mucronate,  somewhat  shining  above,  ol)Scurely  veined  (half  inch  or  more  long)  : 
rhachis  narrowly  margined  :  panicles  axillary,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves  :  flowers  and 
bracts  unknown :  drupes  spicately  sessile  or  subsessile  on  the  few  branches  of  the  panicle, 
naked  (calvx  and  bracts  deciduous),  globular,  with  thin  epicarp  and  rnesocarp  (the  latter 
said  to  he  "resinous),  not  fibrous,  adherent  to  the  lenticular  thin-osseous  stone.  (Taste  of 
drupe  rather  of  .Srhinus,  but  the  .stone  and  insertion  of  seed  as  in  Rhu.%  and  foliage,  &c.  not 
unlike  R.  microphylla.)  — Gray  in  Patterson,  Check-li.st,  1892,  21.  Pistacia  ^fexicana,  HBK. 
Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  vii.  22,  t.  6"o8 ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  44.  —  S.  W.  Texas,  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  Bigelow.     (Mex.  in  northern  parts,  Gregg,  Parry,  and  Palmer.) 

1  Add  pyn.    LnhniVntm    amentaceum,  Raf.  Am.  Monthly  Mag.  iv.  (1819),  358. 
3  Florida,  Chapman. 

S  Also  in  Arizona  on  the  Gila  River,  Rushy,  and  at  Ft.  Verde,  Meams. 

*  Nebraska,  Clements,  Rydberg ;  Kansas,  Shear,  Dnrmnn  ;  Ft.  Towson.  Arkansas,  Dr.  Edwards; 
Georgia,  Small ;  also  northward  into  Brit.  America,  Assiniboia,  Alberta,  Macoun. 


Swietenia.  MKLIACE.E.  387 

Order    XXXVII.     MELIACE^. 

By  a.  Gkay. 

Mainly  tropical  trees  or  shrubs,  with  hard  wood  ;  characterized  in  general  by 
dotless  alternate  and  pinnate  leaves,  no  stipules,  paniculate  inflorescence,  and 
perfect  mostly  5-merous  small  and  regular  flowers.  Sepals  mostly  imbricated  and 
petals  imbricated  or  convolute  in  the  bud.  Stamens  monadelphous,  often  to  such 
a  degree  that  the  anthers  (^never  more  than  double  the  petals)  are  enclosed  within 
the  mouth  of  the  tube  ;  anthers  2-celled,  introrsely  dehiscent.  Ovary  with  mostly 
as  many  cells  as  petals,  its  base  surrounded  by  an  annular  or  cup-shaped  disk  ; 
styles  and  stigmas  combined  into  one  ;  ovules  anatropous,  pendulous.  Embryo 
large. —  Sparingly  represented  by  one  exotic  and  one  barely  indigenous  tree. 

1.  MELIA.  Petals  5  or  6,  narrowly  spatulate,  spreading.  Stamen-tul)e  cvlindriral,  with  10- 
12-t(i(>tlicd  orifice  and  as  many  iniliidfd  sessile  anthers.  Ovary  with  a  jtair  of  superjxtsed 
ovules  in  each  cell.  Drupe  5-6-celle<l  or  by  abortion  1 -celled,  with  thiu  flesii  and  a  single 
seed  in  each  cell  of  the  bony  putainen  ;  embryo  in  thiu  flesliy  albumen. 

2.  SWIETENIA.  Petals  5,  oval,  spreading.  Stamen-tube  somewhat  urn-shaped,  10-toothed  ; 
antliers  as  many,  in  the  sinuses.  Ovary  .'j-celled,  many-ovuled  on  axile  placentae.  Cai)sule 
5-celled,  septicidally  5-valved  from  the  base  upward;  valves  tliick,  sometimes  bilamellar  ; 
axis  tliick,  5-angled  ;  seeds  numerous,  downwardly  inil)ricated,  above  with  broad  wing  much 
longer  than  the  body;  embryo  transverse,  conferruminate  with  tiie  flesliy  albumen;  radicle 
very  short. 

1.  M£!LIA,  L.  (Greek  name  for  the  Ash-tree,  transferred  to  this  genus  by 
Linnaeus.)  —  Gen.  no.  357.  —  Asiatic  trees,  the  following  species  now  widely 
dispersed, 

M.  AzEDARACH,  L.  (Pripe  OF  IxDiA,  China-tree.)  Tree  30  to  40  feet  high,  fast  growing, 
nearly  glabrous  :  leaves  twice  pinnate  ;  leaflets  ovate  or  oblong,  acuminate,  serrate :  flowers 
in  loose  panicles  from  uj)per  axils,  lilac,  fragrant,  produced  in  spring  :  drupes  globose,  half 
inch  in  diameter,  yellowish.  —  Spec.  i.  384. — Planted  as  a  shade  tree  and  naturalized  in 
S.  Atlantic  States.^     (Persia  to  China,  whence  introd.) 

2.  SWIET^INIA,  Jacq.  Mahogany.  {Dr.  Gerard  van  Swieten  of 
Leyden.  in  the  IHth  century.)  — Enum.  PI.  Carib.  4,  &  Stirp.  Am.  127  ;  L.  Gen. 
ed.  n,  209.  —  The  principal  species  is 

S.  Mahagoni,  Jacq.  (Mahogany-tree.)  A  noble  tree,  witli  hard  reddish  brown  wood, 
very  gl.alirous  :  leaves  abruptly  pinn.ate  ;  leaflets  6  to  12,  petiolulate,  oblong-ovate  and  un- 
equal-sided, somewhat  falcate,  acuminate,  entire,  coriaceous:  flowers  greenish  yellow,  in 
short  axillary  panicles :  capsule  oval,  3  inches  long. —  Enum.  PI.  Caril).  20.  &  Stirp.  Am. 
127  ;  L.  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  548  (Catesb.  Car.  ii.  t.  81) ;  Cav.  Di.ss.  t.  209 ;  Hook.  Hot.  Misc.  i.  21, 
t.  16,  17.2  5.  Mahof]nm,  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  99,  t.  75;  Chapm.  El.  62.  —Keys  of  S.  Elorida.  (W. 
Ind.,  Mex.,  Centr.  Am.,  &c.) 

1  Also  much  planted  and  (ace.  to  Coulter)  "extensively  naturalized  in  Central  and  Southern 
Texas." 

2  Add  lit.  and  syn.  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  100,  t.  43,  44.     Cedrus  Mnhogani,  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8,  no.  2. 


388  AQUIFOLIACE.E.  Ilex. 

Oeder  XXXVIII.    AQUIFOLIACE^. 

By  W.  Trelease. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  simple,  entire,  crenuhite,  or  pungently 
toothed,  petioled,  with  minute  often  persistent  stipules.  Flowers  solitary  or  few 
in  the  axils,  or  in  small  axillary  cymes,  small,  greenish,  dioecious  by  abortion, 
4-9-merous  (in  ours),  without  disk.  Calyx  minute,  with  triangular  frequently 
persistent  imbricate  segments.  Petals  sometimes  connate  at  base,  imbricate,  not 
hooded.  Stamens  as  many  as  and  alternate  with  the  petals ;  anthers  short, 
2-celled,  introrse,  innate  on  short  filaments.  Pistil  compound;  ovary  4-8-celled, 
slightly  lobed,  superior  ;  ovules  suspended,  1  in  each  cell  ;  style  short  or  want- 
ing ;  stigmas  nearly  confluent.  Fruit  drupaceous,  with  as  many  indehiscent 
stones  as  carpels ;  seeds  not  arillate,  with  abundant  fleshy  albumen ;  embryo 
small,  straight,  with  plane  cotyledons. 

1.  ILEX.  Flowers  4-9-iiierous.  Calyx  present  and  persistent  in  both  fertile  and  sterile 
flowers.  Corolla  .slightly  gamopetalous,  with  oblong  ol)tuse  lobes.  Stamens  adnate  to  the 
base  of  the  c-orolla. 

2.  NEMOPANTHUS.  Flowers  4-5-inerous.  Calyx  often  obsolete,  especially  in  the  fertile 
flowers.     Petals  distinct,  linear,  acute.     Stamens  free. 

1.  Ilex,  L.  Holly.  (Classical  name  of  the  Holly  Oak.) — Shrubs  or 
small  trees  with  evident  though  small  pointed  stipules.  —  Gen.  no.  91;  Benth. 
«fc  Hook.  Gen.  i.  356 ;  Maximowicz,  Mem.  Acad.  St.  Petersb.  ser.  7,  xxix.  no.  3, 
14;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  xi.  211  ;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  345;  Sargent, 
Silv.  i.  103;  Kronfeld  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  18G.— 
Mainly  of  warmer  regions,  especially  of  the  New  World. 

*  Flowers  4-merous  :  drupe  red  or  occasionally  yellow ;  nutlets  prominently  few-ribbed  on 
the  sides  and  back  :  leaves  coriaceous,  evergreen.  —  §  Aquifolium. 
I.  opaca,  Ait.  (American  Holly.)  Arborescent :  young  twigs  sparingly  velvety-pube.s- 
cent :  leaves  elliptical  to  obovate,  2  to  4  inches  long  and  about  half  as  broad,  pungently 
acuminate,  mostly  spinosely  dentate,  at  least  above,  and  often  crisped,  dull,  the  petiole  (3  lines 
long)  and  upper  surface  of  the  midrib  somewhat  puberulent :  sterile  cymes  3-9-flowered, 
half  inch  to  an  inch  long;  the  fertile  mostly  1-3-flowered  and  half  as  long;  the  puberulent 
peduncle  2-bracted  at  or  below  the  middle:  calyx-segments  acute,  ciliate  :  drupe  spheroidal 
or  ovoid,  4  or  5  lines  long;  stigma  broad  and  sessile.  —  Kew.  i.  1G9;  Poir.  Suppl.  iii.  G.*) ; 
Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb.  Am.  ii.  191,  t.  11  ;  Raf.  Med.  Rot.  ii.  7,  t.  53  ;  Emerson,  Trees  &  Shrubs 
Ma.ss.  ed.  2,  ii.  385,  with  plate  ;  Mellichamp,  Rull.  Torr.  Club,  viii.  112;  Maximowicz.  1.  c. 
29 ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  345  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  107,  t.  45.  I.  qiicrcifolia,  Meerburgh,  Afbecld.  Zelds. 
(iew.  t.  5;  Dippel,  Handb.  Laubholzkunde,  ii.  504.  Afjerin  opnra,  Raf.  Sylv.  Tellur.  47. — 
Massachu.setts  to  Florida  and  Texas,  chiefly  near  the  coast,  and  up  the  Mississi])pi  Valley  to 
S.  E.  Missouri  and  Kentucky. 
I.  Cassine,  L.  (Dahoox  Holly.)  Arborescent :  young  twigs  and  often  the  lower  surface 
of  the  leaves,  at  least  along  the  midrib,  puberulent :  leaves  elliptical  to  obovate-oblong, 
mostly  oblanceolate,  2  to  3  inches  long,  narrower,  obtuse  to  mucronulate,  entire  or  remotely 
low-serrate  above,  cuneate  into  petioles  4  to  6  lines  long,  upper  surface  glossy :  fertile  cymes 
mostly  3-flowered  and  3-fruited:  drupe  subglobose,  2  to  3  linos  in  diameter. —  Spec.  i.  125, 
in  part;  AVilhl.  Hort.  Rerol.  i.  t.  31  ;  Kerner,  Oekonom.  Pflanzen.  t.  65;  Losener,  Rot. 
Centr.ilbl.  xlvii.  163;  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  109,  t.  46;  Dippel,  1.  c.  506,  f.  242.  /.  Dahoon,  Walt. 
Car.  241 ;  Maximowicz,  1.  c.  26 ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  345.     /.  Cassine,  var.  latifolia,  Ait.  Kew.  i. 


Ilex.  AQUirOLIACE.E.  389 

170.  /.  casainoidts.  Link,  Emiiii.  i.  148.  /.  laurijh/iu,  Nutt.  Am.  Jniir.  Sci.  v.  289.  Aytiia 
palustris,  Kaf.  Svlv.  Telliir.  47.  .1.  olxwaUi,  lUi.  1.  e.  48.  .1.  /„i,  roj,/n/la,  Kaf.  1.  c. — 
North  Ciiroliiia,  Curtis,  to  l-lori.la.  (Me.\.,  \V.  Iii.l.)  Willi  ohlameolate  leave.s  1  to  3 
inches  long  and  scaively  over  0  lines  wide,  and  sometimes  8  or  10  drupes  on  a  naked  shoot, 
it  is  var.  an<justik6lia,  Willd.  (Spec.  i.  709  ;  Sargeut,  Silv.  i.  1 10,  t.  40,  f .  8  ;  /.  ut„justifolia, 
Willd.  Euum.  172;  I.  lif/uslrimi,  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  080 ;  ? /.  \y\ttso,iiuwi,  Spaeli,  Hist.  Veg.  ii. 
429),  of  ali.mt  the  range,  scarcely  to  be  maintained,  and  merging  into 

Var.  myrtifolia,  Sakuknt.  Leaves  crowded,  ver\  narrowly  elliptical,  revolute,  lesa 
tlian  an  iiiih  long,  mucrouate,  mostly  entire  and  glabrous:  drupes  mo.stly  solitarv  an<l  shortr 
stalked. —Gard.  ik,  For.  ii.  610,  &  Silv.  i.  110,  t.  47.  /.  myrtifolia,  Walt.  Car.  '241  ;  Nouv. 
Duham.  i.  10,  t.  4;  Maximowicz,  \.  c.  20,  31.  /.  iJnhoon,  var.  in>/rli/olia,  Chapm.  Fl.  269; 
'I'release,  1.  c.  346.  /.  rusmurinijhlia,  Lam.  111.  i.  3.")C.  /.  li<juslri/olia,  Don,  .Svst.  ii.  19. — 
Suiitli  Carolina  to  Florida  aud  Alabama. 
I.  VOmitoria,  Ait.  (Casskna,  Yaupox.)  Occa.sionally  arborescent :  twigs,  petioles,  and 
occasionally  pediceis  puberulent:  leaves  elliptical,  about  an  inch  long,  very  obtuse  or  emar- 
giuate,  coarsely  creuate-serrate  with  a  deciduous  gland  at  each  sinus,  rather  glossy  ;  petioles 
1  to  2  lines  long:  sterile  cymes  3-9-flowere(l,  with  a  short  common  peduncle  (4  lines  long); 
the  fertile  sessile,  1-3  flowered  :  calyx-segments  rounded,  scarcely  ciliate  :  drupe  globose,  2 
or  3  lines  iu  diameter,  on  pedicel  of"  ecjual  length,  contracted  below  the  stigma.—  Kcw.  i. 
170;  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  Ill,  t.  48  ;  Dippel,  1.  c.  508.  /.  Cassiue,  Walt.  Car.  241  ;  Maximowicz, 
1.  c.  22 ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  340 ;  Hale,  U.  S.  Uep.  Agr.  Bot.  Div.  Hull.  14.  /.  Ca.ssine,  $,  L.  Spec, 
i.  125.  /.  Cussena,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  229.  /.  liij tint r inn,  Jacq.  Collect,  iv.  105,  &  Ic  Kar.  ii.  9, 
t.  310.  I.  Floridana,  Lam.  111.  i.  350.  /.  relir/iosu,  Bart.  Fl.  \'irg.  60.  /.  {KiiHtila)  rainn- 
losa,  Kaf.  Sylv.  Tellur.  45.  /.  Caroliniana,  Ltlsener,  Bot.  Ceutralbl.  xlvii.  103.  Cussiue 
Ptniijua,  L.  Mant.  ii.  220,  iu  part.  C.  Caroliniana,  Lam.  Diet.  i.  652.  C.  ramuloaa,  Kaf.  Fl. 
Lud.  110.  Hierophyllus  Cassine,  Kaf.  Med.  Bot.  ii.  8.  Ai/eria  Cussena,  Kaf.  Sylv.  Tellur. 
47.  — North  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Texas,  northward  to  Arkansas. 

*  *   Flowers  4-6-merous  :  drupe  red  or  purple ;  nutlets  as  in  the  last:  leaves  deciduous. — 
§  Prinoides. 

-K-  Cymes  l-flowered,  bractless  :  leaves  fretiuently  crowded  on  short  spurs. 
++  Leaves  oblanceolate. 
I.  decidua,  Walt.  Subarborescent :  twigs  glabrous,  almost  white  in  winter  :  leaves  oblan- 
ceolate or  narrowly  obovate,  2  or  occasionally  3  inches  long,  acuminate  to  mostly  obtuse  or 
emarginate,  crenate-serrulate,  cuneate  into  a  short  mostly  j)ulierulent  petiole,  narrow  Iv 
grooved  along  the  midrib  al)ove  and  the  other  veins  often  somewhat  impressed,  pubescent 
beneath,  at  least  along  the  midrib:  flowers  appearing  with  the  leaves:  sterile  peilicels  3  to 
6  lines  long:  calyx-segments  obtu.se  to  acute,  not  ciliate:  drupe  depressed-globose,  about 
3  lines  in  diameter,  .scarcely  exceeded  by  the  pedicel ;  style  usually  very  short,  occasionallv 
half  line  long.  —  Car.  241  ;  Maximowicz,  1.  e.  30;  Trelease,  1.  c.  346;  Sargent,  Silv.  i.  113, 
t.  49;  Dippel,  1.  c.  510.  /.  prinoides,  Ait.  Kew.  i.  109.  /.  aslivalis,  Lam.  Diet.  iii.  147. 
/.  Prionites,  Willd.  Enum.  Suppl.  8.  Prinos  deciduus,  DC.  Prodr.  ii.  16.  —  North  Carolina  to 
Kansas,  southward  to  the  Gulf. 

++  -H-  Leaves  lanceolate  to  ovate  or  ol)ovato. 
=  Fruiting  pedicels  10  or  12  lines  long. 
I.  longipes,  Chapm.  Large  shrul):  leaves  thin,  elliptical  to  broadly  laiueolatc,  about  3 
inches  long,  emarginate  or  obtuse  to  blunt-pointed,  low-serrate  or  crenate,  especially  above, 
the  ba.se  mo.stly  acute,  sparingly  ciliate  with  short  thick  hairs  or  slightly  pubescent  along  the 
impressed  midrib  on  one  or  both  surfaces,  otherwise  glabrous;  jjetioles  3  or  4  lines  long: 
sterile  pedicels  0  to  8  lines  long  :  drupe  globose,  about  4  lines  in  diameter,  its  filiform  j)edicel 
nearly  an  inch  long:  otherwise  similar  to  the  preceding.  —  Chapm.  in  Trclea.«e.  1.  c.  346 ; 
Trelea.se,  Card.  &  For.  iii.  344,  345,  f.  46.  —  North  Carolina.  BiirUei/,  to  Tenne.«.see,  Gat- 
linger,  south  to  Georgia,  Chapman,  Alabama,  Bucl/ei/,  and  Louisiana,  Ihummond. 

=  =  Fruitinir  pedicels  le.ss  than  half  inch  long:   three  closely  related  species  perhaps 
scarcely  se])arable. 

I.  ambigua,  Chaim.     Scarcely  arboreous:   twigs  clierry-like.  with  largo  lonticels.  glabrous 
or  somewhat  puberulous  :  leaves  rather  brt)adly  lanceolate,  elliptical,  ovate,  or  obovate,  three 


390  AQUIFOLIACE.E.  Ilex. 

fourths  inch  to  2  iuches  long,  mostly  acuminate,  sparingly  low-serrate  or  biserrate,  gradually 
acute  or  cuneate  at  base,  the  deeply  grooved  petiole  (1  to  3  lines  long)  and  the  upper  sur- 
face along  the  midrib  mostly  pubescent :  calyx-segments  rounded  in  fertile  Howers,  ciliate : 
drupe  subglobose,  about  3  lines  in  diameter,  with  sessile  stigma ;  the  pedicel  a  half  shorter. 
—  Fl.  269  ;  Maximowicz,  1.  c.  30;  Trelease,  1.  c.  347.  t'ussine  CaroUniana,  Walt.  ¥\.  242. 
Prinos  ambiijHus,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  236.  Synsdimi  acuminata,  Kaf.  1.  c.  49.  6\  ambigua,  Haf. 
ex  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  157.  Nemopanthes  amhi(/ua,  Wood,  Class-Book,  ed.  of  1861,497. — 
North  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Texas,  north  to  Arkansas,  Fendler.  Exceptionally  the  sur- 
face of  the  leaves  is  sparingly  puberulent,  especially  beneath.  A  form  from  Tamj)a,  Florida, 
darher,  with  the  small  leaves  glal)rous  and  very  firm,  is  var.  coriAcea,  Trelease,  1.  c.  347. 

I.  mollis,  Gray.  Scarcely  arboreous,  at  first  softly  gray-downy,  the  twigs  and  often  upper 
surface  of  the  leaves  at  length  glabrate  :  leaves  thin,  lanceolate  to  mostly  broadly  ovate,  1^ 
to  4  inches  long :  otherwise  very  close  to  tlie  next,  and  somewhat  intermediate  between  it 
and  the  preceding.  —  Man.  ed.  5,  306;  Maximowicz,  1.  c.  30;  Trelease,  1.  c.  347.  1.  dubia, 
Britt.  Sterns  &  Foggenb.  Prel.  Cat.  N.  Y.  11.  /.  montana,  var.  mollis,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  xvii.  313.  /.  motitirola,  var.  mollis,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  217.  Priitos  diibius, 
Don,  Syst.  ii.  20.  —  Blair  and  Carbon  Counties,  Pennsylvania,  to  North  and  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  in  the  mountains. 

I.  monticola,  Gray.  Occasionally  arborescent,  glalirous  except  for  the  veins  of  the  leaves, 
especially  above  :  leaves  thin,  lanceolate  to  ovate.  2  to  6  inches  long,  mostly  acuminate,  rather 
coarsely  "serrate  ;  the  base  acute  to  rounded  ;  petioles  3  to  6  lines  long  :  calyx-segments  sub- 
acute, "more  or  less  ciliate  :  drupe  slightly  elongated  and  usually  with  an  evident  style : 
otherwise  resembling  /.  ambi(jua,  from  which  it  is  most  readily  separable  by  the  larger  size 
of  the  leaves.  —  Man.  ed.  2,  264  ;  Maximowicz,  1.  c.  30 ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  347  ;  Sargent,  Silv. 
i.  115,  t.  50;  Dippel,  1.  c.  51 1,  f.  246.  /.  montana,  Torr.  &  Gray  in  Gray,  Man.  276.  /.  Ame- 
lanchier,  var.  monticola.  Wood,  Bot.  &  Fl.  208.  —  Pennsylvania  to  Tennessee,  N.  Carolina,  and 
N.  Alabama,  in  the  mountains. 

^ 1—  Sterile  cymes  several-flowered  from  a  common  peduncle. 

I.  Amelanchier,  M.  A.  Curtis.  Low  shrub,  more  or  less  persistently  soft-pubescent 
throughout:  leaves  thin,  elliptical,  1 J  to  3  inches  long,  subacute,  minutely  and  inconspicu- 
ously serrulate,  acute  or  rounded  at  base,  rugose-veiny  beneath  ;  petioles  3  to  exceptionally 
8  lines  long :  calyx-segments  acute,  scarcely  ciliate  :  drupe  globose,  about  5  lines  in  diameter, 
dull,  as  in  Nemopanthus ;  the  slender  bractless  pedicels  3  to  9  lines  long.  —  Curtis  in  Chapm. 
Fl.  270 ;  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  ii.  40,  f.  88  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  347.  —  Society  Hill,  South  Caro- 
lina, Curtis,  and  Covington,  Louisiana,  Drummond. 

*  *   *   Flowers  mostly  6-9-merous :  nutlets  not  ribbed.  —  §  Prinos. 
•i-  Leaves  evergreen,  coriaceous,  slightly  revolute,  dotted  beneath;  the  midrib  elevated  on 
both  surfaces  :  fruit  black. 

I.  glabra,  Gray.  (Inkberry.)  Shrub:  young  twigs  somewhat  angled  when  dry,  finely  vel- 
vetv  :  leaves  cuneately  elliptical  to  oblanceolate,  1  to  2  inches  long,  mostly  obtuse,  crenately 
2-6-toothed  near  the  apex,  minutely  puberulent  on  the  midrib  above ;  the  velvety  petiole  2 
to  3  lines  long:  staminate  and  sometimes  fertile  peduncles  several-flowered,  bracteate,  often 
velvetv  :  caly.x-segments  from  narrow  and  acute  to  broad  and  rather  blunt,  often  more  or 
less  ciliate  :  drupe  subglobose,  2  to  3  lines  in  diameter  ;  the  pedicel  of  equal  length  ;  stigma 
nearly  or  quite  sessile.  —  Man.  ed.  2,  264 ;  Maximowicz,  1.  c.  26  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  347.  Prinos 
glaber,  L.  Spec.  i.  330 ;  Lam.  111.  t.  255,  f.  2  ;  Nouv.  Duham.  iii.  215,  t.  .54  ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab. 
t.  450.      Winterlia  trijiora,  Mrench,  Meth.  74.      Ennepta  mi/ricoides,  Raf.  Sylv.  Tellur.  52.  — 

'    Massachusetts  to  Florida  and  Louisiana,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  coast. 

I.  COriacea,  Chapm.  Tall  shrub  :  young  twigs  somewhat  viscidly  puberulent :  leaves  glossy 
above,  elliptical  or  obovate  to  oblanceol.ite,  2  or  3  inches  long,  acute  to  acuminate,  entire  or 
usually  with  several  low  but  .sharp  serratures  on  each  side,  often  velvety  on  the  midrib 
above,  acutely  tapering  into  a  petiole  2  to  4  lines  long:  peduncles  1-flowered,  bractless, 
glabrous :  drupe  about  as  in  the  last,  but  the  style  often  more  prominent  and  the  pedicel 
somewhat  longer.  — Fl.  270.  /.  lucida,  Torr.  &  Gray  in  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  159;  Maxi- 
mowicz, 1.  c.  26 ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  348.  Prinos  Incidus,  Ait.  Kew.  i.  478.  P.  coriareus,  Pursh, 
Fl.  i.  221.  P.  fitomarius,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  213.  Ennepta  coriarea,  Baf.  Sylv.  Tellur.  52. 
E.  atomnria,  Raf.  1.  c.  — Xortli  Carolina  to  Florida  and  around  the  coast  to  Louisiana. 


Nemopanthus.  AQl'IFOLI  ACK.K.  391 

-♦—   ■»—   Leaves  deciduous,  thinner,  not  punctate  :  fruit  8uhgl(j|)ose,  with  sessile  stigma,  red 
or  cxcciitioiiallv  jellow,  mostly  exceeding  the  pedicels. 

I.  verticillata,  Guav.  (Black  Aluku,  Wintekhkhkv.)  Tall  loosely  branche<i  shrub, 
ofteu  SHiiuwliat  j)ubesceut  throughout  when  young  :  leaves  lanceolate,  oblanceolate,  or  ol>o- 
vate,  1^  to  3  or  rarely  4  inches  long,  mostly  acuminate,  rather  coarsely  serrate  or  biserrate, 
veiny,  usually  loosely  pubescent  especially  beneath,  acute  at  base ;  the  downy  petiole  3  to  6 
lines  long :  sterile  cymes  fascicled,  mostly  siiort  and  3-Howered ;  the  fertile  I-3-flowered 
from  a  very  short  bibracteate  peduncle ;  pcduinles  and  ])edicels  mostly  glabrous  or  glabres- 
ceut :  calyx-segments  mostly  obtuse,  ciliate  and  often  loos(dy  pubescent :  drupe  often  slightly 
elongated,  3  lines  in  diameter.—  Man.  ed.  2,  264  ;  Maximowicz,  1.  c.  30;  Trelea.xe,  1.  c.  348; 
Dippel,  1.  c.  513  ;  iMillspaugh,  Med.  PI.  i.  t.  106.  Prinos  verlicilliilus,  L.  Spec.  i.  330;  Lam. 
111.  t.  255,  f.  1  ;  Bigel.  Med.  Bot.  iii.  141,  t.  56  ;  Barton,  Fl.  Med.  t.  17  ;  Guimp.  ( »tto  &  Ilayne, 
Abbild.  llolzart.  t.  56.  P.  padljhlius,  Willd.  Eiium.  394.  P.  confirttts.  Munch,  Meth.  4KI. 
P.  Cirouovii,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  236.  — Canada  to  the  (ireat  Lakes,  south  to  S.  Carolina,  Illinois, 
and  Alabama.  (Japan.)  A  northeastern  form  with  amjjle  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate  tliin 
leaves,  less  pubescent  and  less  veiny  than  usual,  is  var.  tenuik6lia,  Torr.  Fl.  N.  &  Midil, 
States,  338.  A  northern  form  with  the  leaves  smaller  and  more  obovate  than  usual  is  var. 
I'ADii'OLiA,  Torr.  &  Gray  in  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  160.  The  original  Prinos  pad  if olius,  Willd. 
Enum.  394,  is  scarcely  more  than  the  common  form  of  /.  verticillata. 

I.  laevigata,  Gray.  Lower  rather  compact  shrub:  twigs  glabrous:  leaves  rather  narrowly 
lanceolate,  mostly  1^  to  2  inches  long,  acute  at  both  ends  or  subacuminate,  low-serrulate,  at 
length  veiny,  glabrous  or  with  a  few  persistent  soft  long  hairs  beneath,  especially  along  the 
midrib;  the  glal)rous  or  somewhat  pubescent  petiole  2  to  5  lines  long:  sterile  Howers  soli- 
tary on  bractless  glabrous  filiform  pedicels  often  half  inch  or  more  long,  or  occasionally 
in  pedunded  umbels  of  3 ;  the  fertile  solitary  on  shorter  pedicels  :  calyx-segments  mostly 
acute,  not  pubescent  but  sometimes  ciliate :  drupe  depressed-globose,  usually  4  or  5  lines  in 
diameter.  —  Man.  ed.  2,  264  ;  Maximowicz,  1.  c.  30  ;  Trelea.se,  1.  c.  348  ;  Dippel,  1.  c.  513  ; 
Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  iv.  220,  f.  39.  Prinos  kcvigatus,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  220.  —  Massachusetts  to 
New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania. 

1.  lanceolAta,  Chapm.  1.  c.  270,  Trelease,  1.  c.  348,  is  a  doul)tful  species.  Prinos  lanceolata, 
Hill,  Veg.  Syst.  xvi.  57,  t.  61,  from  the  fascicled  leaves  might  be  taken  for  a  poorly  drawn 
/.  deridita. 

2.  NEMOPANTHUS,  Raf.  Mountain  Holly.  (Name  from  I'^/xa, 
thread,  Trov's,  foot,  and  a.vOo's,  flower,  from  the  filiform  peduncles.)  —  Shrub  with 
nearly  exstipulate  leaves.  —  Am.  Monthly  Mag.  ii.  176,  iv.  357,  &  Am.  Jour. 
Sci.  i.  377.  Nemopanthes,  Raf.  Jour.  Phys.  Ixxxix.  96;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen. 
i.  357  ;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  xi.  219  ;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  349  ; 
Kroufeld  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  188.  Nuttallia,  DC. 
Rapp.  Jard.  Genev.  1821,  44.  lUcioides,  Dumont-Cour.  Bot.  Cult.  iv.  127. — 
A  single  species. 

N.  fascicularis,  Kaf.  Glabrous  or  nearly  so:  leaves  often  fascicled  on  spurs,  mostly  1  to 
\\  inches  long,  elli])tical,  more  or  less  acute  at  both  ends,  mucronate,  entire  or  very  low-ser- 
rulate, thin  but  firm,  finely  reticulate-veiny,  as  in  Vaccinium ;  the  petiole  about  4  lines  long  : 
pedicels  solitary  or  clu.><tered,  simple  or  the  staminate  exceptionally  in  3's  from  a  peduncle 
of  equal  length,  6  to  14  lines  long:  flowers  scarcely  expanding  over  2  lines:  drupe  red,  dull, 
ovoid,  styleless,  about  3  lines  in  diameter,  on  a  filiform  suberect  pedicel ;  nutlets  obscurely 
somewhat  ribbed  on  the  back.  —  Am.  Monthly  M.ag.  iv.  357.  Nemopanthes  fascicularis,  Kaf. 
Jour.  Phys.  Ixxxix.  97.  N.  Canadensis,  DC.  M^m.  Soc.  Genev.  i.  450,  &  PI.  Rar.  Genev.  8, 
t.  3  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  349.  Ilex  Canadensis,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  229,  t.49.  /.  delicatuta.  Barton,  Fl. 
Virg.  67.  Prinos  integrifoliiis.  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  706.  P.  limrjipes,  Kaf.  Sylv.  Tellur.  50.  Suttal- 
ha  Canadensis,  DC.  Rapp.  Jard.  Genev.  1821,  44.  Varrinium  miirmnittum.  L.  Sjiec.  i.  350. 
Ilirioides  mncronnla,  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  217. —  Newfoundlaud  to  New  Jersey,  Ohio, 
and  the  Great  Lakes. 


392  CYRILLACE.E.  Cyrilla. 

Order  XXXTX.     CYRILLACEJE. 

By  a.  Guay. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees  with  essentially  regular  perfect  flowers,  o-parted  or 
5-tlivided  calyx  and  5,  or  rarely  4,  imbricated  or  convolute  hypogyuous  sessile  or 
shortly  unguiculate  petals.  Calyx-segments  sometimes  unequal.  Hypogynous 
stamens  5,  alternating  with  the  petals,  or  10  in  2  often  unequal  series,  the  inner 
stamens,  i.  e.  those  opposite  the  petals,  being  shorter  ;  antliers  bilocular,  fixed 
by  the  middle,  introrse,  longitudinally  or  apically  dehiscent;  pollen  very  fine, 
simple.  Ovary  2-o-celled;  cells  1-4-ovuled.  Fruit  in  CUftonia  and  Costcea 
indehiscent,  in  Cyrilla  very  tardily,  dehiscent  or  at  least  at  maturity  separable 
septicidally  into  two  parts.  Leaves  alternate,  exstipulate,  thickish,  entire, 
cuneate-obovate  or  oblanceolate.  A  small  order  of  the  S.  Atlantic  States,  the 
West  Indies,  and  the  northern  part  of  S.  America,  related  probably  most  closely 
to  the  Aquifoliacece,  but  also  through  the  W.  Indian  genus  Costcea  exhibiting 
affinities  to  the  Ericacea. 

1.  CYRILLA.     Calvx  5-parted,  persistent;  the  lobes  ovate  or  triangular,  acute,  imbricated 
'  iu  cTstivatiou.     Petals  5,  distinct,  niucii  longer  than  the  calyx,  sessile,  tlie  axis  thickened 

toward  the  base  inside,  imbricate  or  convolute  in  aistivatiou,  spreading  in  anthesis,  decidu- 
ous. Stamens  5,  inserted  with  the  petals  underneath  the  disk  ;  filaments  subulate ;  anthers 
oblong  or  subsagittate,  deeply  cleft  at  the  base  ;  the  cells  opening  longitudinally ;  pollen 
globose-triangular  with  angles  projecting  and  rounded,  nearly  as  in  the  Oncujmceie.  Disk 
hypogynous,  entire,  adnate  to  the  base  of  tlie  ovary,  sometimes  obscure.  Ovary  ovoid, 
2-celled,  rarely  3-celled,  with  2  or  3  auatropous  or  half-anatrop.ous  ovules  suspended  from 
the  apex  of  each  cell  on  a  filiform  pendulous  placenta  (the  rhaphe  dorsal) ;  style  persistent, 
very  short ;  stigmas  2,  rarely  3,  short.  Fruit  a  small  and  dry  2-celled  drupe,  cellular-corky 
at  maturity  when  readily  septicidal  into  two  pyrenaj ;  the  cells  small  and  1 -seeded ;  testa 
thin  and  membranaceous,  conformed  to  the  nucleus ;  embryo  cylindrical,  at  the  micropylar 
end  of  the  fleshy  albumen,  and  about  a  quarter  of  its  length  ;  cotyledons  small  and  terete ; 
radicle  superior. 

2.  CLIFTONIA.  Calyx  very  small.  5-lobed,  rarely  4-8-lobed,  persistent.  Petals  5  (rarely 
4  to  8),  distinct,  roundi'sh-obovate  with  the  base  contracted  into  a  short  claw,  strongly  iinljri- 
cated  in  estivation,  deciduous.  Stamens  twice  as  many  as  the  petals  and  inserted  with 
them  ;  those  opposite  the  petals  commonly  shorter  ;  filaments  dilated  below  the  middle,  tlie 
dilated  portion  terminating  in  2  short  and  rounded  teeth  or  lobes ;  anthers  didymous ;  the 
cells  longitudinally  dehiscent ;  pollen  globular  and  with  3  projecting  rounded  angles  (nearly 
as  in  Cyrilla).  Disk  as  in  Cyrilla.  Ovary  ovoid-conical,  3-4-celled,  with  a  single  linear 
and  anatropous  ovule  suspended  from  the  summit  of  each  cell ;  the  rhaphe  dorsal ;  style 
none  ;  stigma  thick,  3-4-lobed.  Fruit  dry  and  cellular-corky,  3-4-angled,  the  angles  extended 
into  narrow  wings,  3-4-celled ;  seeds  solitary,  filling  the  small  cells,  oblong,  with  a  thm 
testa  conformed  to  the  nucleus;  embryo  in  the  axis  of  the  fleshy  albumen,  of  nearly  its 
length ;  cotyledons  very  small ;  radicle  long  and  slender,  superior. 

1.  CYRlLLiA,  Garden.  {Dominico  CrjriUo,  professor  of  medicine  at  Na- 
ples, murdered  in  1799,  the  author  of  the  now  very  rare  PI.  Rar.  Reg.  Neap.)  — 
Leaves  glabrous,  reticulate-veiny  :  flowers  small,  white,  crowded  in  long  and 
dense  virgate  racemes  which  are  usually  fascicled  in  the  axils  of  the  preceding 
year !  bracts  and  adnate  bractlets  subulate,  persistent.  —  Garden  in  L.  Mant.  i.  5 ; 


Cllftonia.  OLACIXK.E.  393 

Jacq.  Coll.  i.  1G2,  &  Ic.  Rar.  t.  47;  Midix.  Fl.  i.  1.37;  riandi.  Loud.  Juiir.  Hot. 
V.  204.  —  A  small  genus,  perhaps  best  regarded  as  a  varialjie  monotype  of  I'cmark- 
able  range. 

C.  racemiflora,  L.  1.  c.  50.  Slirub  10  to  12  feet  higli :  leaves  cuueate-oblong  or  ohlancco. 
late,  iiiiiiiilL'sily  reticulated  upon  botii  sides,  1  to  3  inches  long:  sepals  triangular:  pet.-ils 
oblung,  acutish,  contiguous  at  their  broad  bases:  fruit  scarcely  more  than  a  hue  long,  <lr/ 
at  maturity,  inclined  to  separate  into  two  parts. —  Walt.  Car!  103;  Jac(i.  1.  c. ;  Ell.  Sk.  i. 
294;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  96,  t.  74.1  C.  Cmolininiia,  Alichx.  Fl.  i.  158.  C.  par  v  I  folia,  Sliuttl.  13ot! 
Zeit.  iii.  221,  a  small-leaved  variety.^  Itea  Cyrilla,  Swartz,  I'rodr.  50,  &  Obs.  t.  4,  f.  1  ; 
L'ller.  Stirp.  t.  66;  Willd.  Spec.  i.  1146.  — Sandy  and  wet  piue  wood.s  N-  Carolina^  to 
Florida  and  westward  near  tiie  (iulf  to  Hardin  Co.,  Texas,  Nealleu  ;  fl.  June.  (W.  Ind.  ?, 
Northern  S.  Am.  ?)  Linnanis  wrongly  described  tlie  fruit  as  a  2-vaived  many-seeded  capsule 
and  the  petals  as  longitudinally  villous  inside. 

2.  CLIFTONIA,  Banks.  Titi,  Buckwheat-tree.  {Francis  Clifton,  a 
London  physician,  who  travelled  iu  Jamaica,  where  he  died,  173G.)  —  Leaves 
coriaceous,  scarcely  reticulated.  Flowers  white  or  rose-colored  in  nodding  racemes 
terminating  the  branches  of  the  preceding  year.  Bracts  minute,  caducous ; 
bractlets  none. —  Banks  in  Gaertn.  f.  Fruct.  iii.  246,  t.  225;  Endl.  Gen.  1413; 
Planch.  1.  c.  255.  Mylocaryum,  Willd.  Enum.  454,  in  note.  Mylocarium,  Ell. 
Sk.  i.  508  Walteriana,  Fras.  in  Endl.  Gen.  1413.  — A  monotype  of  the  S.  ¥.. 
United  States. 

C.  nitida,  G.kktn.  f.  l.  c.  247.  A  shrub  or  small  tree,  8  to  15  feet  high,  glabrous:  leaves 
obovate-oblong,  1  to  1^  inches  long,  siiining  above,  pale  or  glaucous  beneath,  evergreen: 
racemes  dense,  1  to  2  (to  4)  inches  long:  petals  2  to  3  lines  long:  fruit  4  lines  long.  —  C. 
lifjustn'mi,  Sims  iu  Sprcng.  Syst.  ii.  316;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  92,  t.  73.  Mylocaryum  llguMrimtm, 
Willd.  1.  c.  ;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1625;  Lindl.  Veg.  Kingd.  445,  f.  309.  Af >/ hear i urn  liyustri- 
mm,  Pursh.  Fl.  i.  .302,  t.  14  ;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  .508.<  — Pine-barren  swamps,  S.  Carolina  to  Alabama* 
and  Florida;  fl.  March.  A  plant  of  obscure  aflSnities,  exhibiting  not  one  of  tiie  distinguish- 
ing characters  of  the  Malpighiaceas,  to  which  Nuttall  referred  it. 


Order   XL.     OLACINEJi:. 

By  A.  Gray. 

Mostly  tropical  trees  or  shrubs,  with  alternate  simple  leaves,  no  stipules,  and 
regular  flowers.  Petals  hypogynous,  valvate  in  the  bud  and  sometimes  united  into 
a  tube,  and  with  the  stamens  inserted  on  the  outside  or  margin  of  the  disk ;  the 
latter  of  same  number  as  and  opposite  the  petals  or  twice  as  many.  Ovarv 
1 -celled  or  2-5-celled  only  at  base,  whence  rises  a  placental  axile  column  (in  the 
manner  of  Santalacece) ,  bearing  on  its  apex  2  to  4  pendulous  anatropous  ovules 
with  dorsal  rhaphe  (i.  e.  micropyle  next  the  placenta)  ;  style  only  one  with  ter- 

1  Add  lit.  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  3,  t.  51. 

2  Add  syn.  C.  racemosn.  Loud.  Arb.  iv.  2.577,  f.  2503.  C.  polystachia,  p^irvi folia,  &fuscaia,  Raf. 
Aut.  Hot.  8.     Amlrnmedn  pluinnta,  "Bart.  Cat"  Marsh.  Arb.  9. 

3  S.  E.  Vir^jinia,  //tiler. 

*  .Villi  syn.  Plt^lffi  mimnphylln.  Earn.  III.  i.  .3.30.     Wnlterinna   CaroUnienflf,  Cat.  Ilort.  Fraser,  3. 
Cliftouiii  monophylln,  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xvi.  310  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  7,  t.  52. 
6  Westward  to  E.  Louisiana,  ace.  to  Sargent,  1.  c. 


394  OLACIXE.E.  Ximema. 

minal  undivided  stigma.  Fruit  a  1-celled  1-seeded  drupe;  seed  with  a  simple 
thin  coat,  becoming  spuriously  erect  by  placental  adhesion ;  embryo  minute  at 
apex  of  fleshy  albumen. 

1.  XIMENIA.  Calyx  small,  4-5-tootlied,  persistent,  not  enlarging.  Petals  4  or  5,  narrow, 
the  whole  inner  face  densely  bearded.  Stamens  8  or  10,  with  filiform  filaments  and  linear 
anthers.     Ovary  conical,  3-5-celled  at  base.     Drnpe  naked. 

2.  SCHCEPFIA.  Calyx  small,  2-6-dentate  or  entire,  at  length  deciduous  or  obsolete.  Petals 
4  to  0.  united  into  a  tubular  or  canipanulate  corolla,  the  free  tips  reflexed  in  anthesis.  Stamens 
as  many  as  tlie  lobes;  filiform  filaments  adnate  to  the  tube  of  the  corolla;  a  little  fascicle 
of  hairs  behind  each ;  anthers  short.  Hypogynous  disk  cupulate,  adnate  to  lower  half  of 
the  partly  3-colled  ovary,  in  fruit  becoming  fleshy  and  adnate,  investing  all  but  the  summit 
of  the  small  drnpe. 

1.  XIMENIA,  Plum.  (Father  Francis  Ximenes,  early  missionary  to  W. 
Indies,  &c.)  —  Shrubs  and  low  trees,  often  spinescent,  with  entire  glabrous 
leaves,  commonly  becoming  vertical  by  a  twist  of  the  petiole,  and  fragrant  whitish 
flowers  in  sessile  or  short-peduucled  axillary  clusters :  the  fruit  edible. — Nov. 
Gen.  G,  t.  21 ;  L.  Gen.  no.  902. 

X.  Americana,  L-  (Mountain-  Plum  of  W.  Ind.,  Hog  Plum,  Wild  Lime.)  Very  gla- 
brous :  trunk  10* to  15  feet  high,  with  very  hard  and  tough  wood:  leaves  oblong,  mucronate 
from  retuse  apex,  2  inches  long :  flowers  usually  4-merous  :  petals  .5  lines  long,  yellowish  or 
greenish-white  with  the  dense  beard  becoming  rusty :  fruit  the  size  of  a  small  plum,  acid- 
ulous. —  Spec,  ii.  1193;  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  ii.  t.  132;  Chapm.  Fl.  61 ;  Engler  in  Mart.  Fl. 
Bras.  xii.  pt.  2,  9,  t.  2.  X  mnltiflora,  Jacq.  Stirp.  Am.  106,  t.  177.  — S.  Florida.^  (W.  Ind. 
to  Brazil,  S.  Pacif.  Ids.  to  Africa.) 
X.  RAMOSissiMA,  Shuttl.  in  distr.  pi.  Rugel,  no.  87,  is  Bumelia  angustifolia,  Nutt.  Sylv.  iii. 

38,  t.  93  ;  corolla  and  stamens  fallen. 

2.  SCHCfcPFIA,  Schreb.  {Dr.  J.  D.  Schcepf,  surgeon  of  Hessian  troops 
sent  to  America  in  1777,  who  published  "  Materia  Medica  Americana.")  —  Shrubs 
or  small  trees,  with  leaves  not  unlike  those  of  Ximenia,  or  thinner,  and  similar 
inflorescence.  —  Gen.  129;  A.  DC.  Prodr.  xiv.  622;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  310; 
Engler,  1.  c.  34,  t.  7,  no.  4.  Codonium,  Vahl,  Skrivt.  Natur.  Selsk.  Kj</)b.  ii. 
pt.  1,  206.     Dlplocalyx,  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub.  ii.  81,  t.  54. 

S.  Schreberi,  Gmel.  Tall  shrub,  glabrous :  leaves  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  mostly  ob- 
'  liciue  and  obtusely  acuminate,  about  2  inches  long :  peduncles  very  short,  bearing  2  or  3 
sessile  flowers  :  corolla  yellow,  short-campanulate,  about  2  lines  long ;  its  ovate  lobes  a  third 
or  nearly  half  the  length  of  the  tube  (minutely  puberulent  or  glal)rous) :  drupe  ovoid,  4  or 
5  lines  long.  — Syst.  376  (1791);  Lam.  111.  ii.  51.  S.  Americana,  Willd.  Spec.  i.  996.  S. 
arborescens,  Roem.  &  Schult.  Syst.  v.  160;  DC.  Prodr.  iv.  319,  xiv.  622;  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2, 
611.  S.  arborescens,  &  S.  Marchii,  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  310.  S.  chrysophnlloides.  Planch. 
Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  4,  ii.  261,  founded  on  Diplocahjx  chrysophj/lloldes,  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub.  ii.  81, 
t.  54.  Codonium  arborescens,  Vahl,  Skrivt.  Natur.  Selsk.  Kj0b.  ii.  pt.  1,  207,  t.  6,  &  Symb. 
Bot.  iii.  36  (1794).— S.  Florida,  Chapman,  Palmer  (outside  of  corolla  and  inside  of  lobes 
minutely  puberulent),  Garber  (with  corolla  glabrous  or  lobes  obsoletely  puberulent,  the  6\ 
chrysophylloides) ;  the  forms  evidently  of  one  .species.     ( W.  Ind.,  Mex.) 

1  As  far  north  as  Lake  Co.,  Central  Peninsular  Florida,  Nash. 


CELASTllACK.E.  395 

Okdek    XLT.     CELASTKACE.E. 

IJy  W.  Tkki.kask. 

Woody  plants,  sometimes  spiiiose  or  cliinbing.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite, 
simple,  not  lobed,  entire  or  serrate,  not  <,dan(lular-punctate,  with  minute  or  fre- 
quently abortive  stipules.  Flowers  commonly  in  reduced  axillary  cymes,  rarely 
sul)panicled,  small,  often  greenish,  perfect  or  diuicious  by  abortion,  4— 5-merous, 
with  a  conspicuous  disk  often  surrounding  the  base  of  the  ovary.  Calyx  deeply 
j)arted,  with  imbricate  persistent  segments.  Petals  distinct,  inserted  below  the 
free  margin  of  the  disk,  not  hooded.  Stamens  mostly  as  many  as  the  petals  and 
alternate  with  them  (fewer  in  Hippocratea,  and  mostly  of  double  the  number  in 
Glossupetalon),  distinct,  commonly  inserted  on  or  beneath  the  margin  of  the  disk  ; 
anthers  short,  rounded,  2-celled,  introrse,  versatile  on  short  filaments.  Pistil 
mostly  compound ;  ovary  1-5-ceIled,  scarcely  lobed,  free  from  the  calyx  but 
sometimes  more  or  less  invested  by  the  disk;  ovules  1  to  10,  variously  situated; 
style  mostly  short  or  wanting  ;  stigmas  1  to  5,  capitate,  lateral  or  rarely  expanded, 
mostly  short.  Fruit  capsular  (then  loculicidal,  with  the  septa  adhering  to  the 
valves),  drupaceous  or  winged,  1-few-seeded ;  seeds  mostly  arillate  or  caruncu- 
late,  albuminous  except  in  Mdijlenus  and  Hippocratea ;  embryo  with  flat  cotyle- 
dons. —  Represented  in  our  flora  by  two  very  distinct  tribes,  sometimes  treated 
as  orders. 
Tribe  I.   CELASTRE.E.     Stamens  mostly  4  or  5,  inserted  on  or  below  the  margin 

of  the  disk.     Fruit  and  seeds  not  winged  in  our  genera. 

*   Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  or  sepals. 
•\-  Fruit  locnlicidal :  ovary  nearly  or  quite  immersed  in  the  disk :  leaves  normally  opposite. 

1.  EUONYMUS.  Flowers  seemingly  perfect  but  really  polyfj^amo-trid'cious,  4-5-nierons. 
Style  mostly  short,  terminal ;  ovary  3-5-ci'lled,  with  2  to  10  ovules  in  eaih  cell.  Capsule 
lobed,  coriaceous,  often  maj^enta-colored,  with  usually  a  single  large  seed  in  each  cell ;  seed 
enclosed  in  a  scarlet  or  orange  aril. 

2.  PACHISTIMA.  Flowers  perfect,  4-merons.  Style  short,  at  lenfjth  commonly  unilat- 
eral:  ovary  2-celled,  with  2  erect  ovules  in  each  cell.  Capsule  not  lobed,  small,  oMnim, 
2-odiTed,  usually  1-seeded  and  commonly  unilateral  by  abortion ;  seed  with  a  pale  lacerate 
aril  at  base. 

^—  -1—  Fruit  loculici<lal :  leaves  alternate. 

3.  CELASTRUS.  Flowers  subdi(rciou9,  5-merou9.  Anthers  oval,  mucronate.  Ovary  free, 
usually  3-4-cellcd,  with  2  erect  ovules  in  eacli  cell.     Seed  enclosed  in  a  crimson  aril. 

4.  MAYTENUS.  Flowers  polygamo-dio?cious,  4-r)-merou9.  Anthers  round-cordate.  Ovary 
confluent  witli  tlie  disk  below,  usually  .3-4-celled,  with  a  single  erect  ovule  in  each  cell. 
Seed  exall)UiMiiious,  with  a  red  aril  open  above. 

-t—  -1—  -I—  Fruit  dry  or  ilrupaceous,  indehiscent :  leaves  mostly  alternate. 

5.  GYMINDA.  Flowers  dio'cious,  4  merous.  Stamens  erect.  Stigma  .«e.<sile,  terminal ; 
ovary  ]mitly  immersed   in   the  disk,  2(-4?)-celled,  with  a  suspended  ovule  in  each  cell. 

l)rii])c  s]ihcrc>idal  ;  seed  almost  without  aril. 


396  CELASTRACE.E.  Euonymus. 

6.  RHACOMA.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  4-5-merous.  Stamens  oatcurving.  Style  slender, 
at  length  somewhat  unilateral ;  ovary  partly  immersed  iu  the  disk,  1-2-celled,  witli  an  erect 
ovule  111  eacli  cell.     Drupe  obovoid;  seed  sometimes  with  aril. 

7.  SCH^FFERIA.  Flowers  dioecious,  4-merous.  Style  terminal,  2-cleft;  stigma  with 
4  often  large  and  iucised  or  fimbriate  divisions ;  ovary  free  from  the  disk,  2-celled,  with  an 
erect  ovule  iu  each  cell.     Drupe  spheroidal,  somewhat  flattened ;  seed  without  aril. 

8.  MORTONIA.  Flowers  perfect,  .5-merous.  Style  terminal,  5-lobed  ;  ovary  free  from  tiie 
disk,  5-cclled,  with  2  erect  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  dry,  oblong,  fluted,  1-celled  by  abor- 
tion ;  seed  solitary,  filling  the  ovary,  without  aril. 

*  *   Stamens  twice  as  many  as  (or  at  least  more  numerous  than)  tlie  petals  or  sepals  :  fruit 
coriaceous,  at  most  tardily  dehiscent :  leaves  alternate. 

9.  GLOSSOPETALON.  Flowers  perfect,  4-6merous.  Stigma  sessile,  slightly  notched ; 
ovary  free  from  the  disk,  1-celled,  with  2  basal  anatropous  ovules.  Fruit  follicular,  striate ; 
seeds  1  or  2,  minutely  arillate  or  carunculate  at  base. 

Tribe  II.  HIPPOCRATE.E.  Stamens  mostly  3,  inserted  on  or  within  the  disk, 
usually  adnate  to  the  ovary  below.     Seeds  exalbuminous. 

10.  HIPPOCRATEA.  Flowers  perfect,  5-merous.  Style  short,  ternwnal,  somewhat 
3-lobed ;  ovary  3-celled,  with  several  ovul«s  in  each  cell.  Capsule  3-lobed,  the  segments 
separate  and  wing  like  above,  the  outer  half  of  each  falling  away,  each  cell  with  several  flat 
seeds  winged  at  one  end. 

1.  EUONYMUS,  Tourn.  Spindle  Tree.  (Name  from  eu,  good,  and  oi/o/xa, 
name,  by  antithesis,  because  the  foliage  was  supposed  to  be  poisonous  to  cattle.) 
—  Shrubs  or  small  trees  with  more  or  less  square  or  4-angled  glabrous  twigs, 
opposite  usually  serrulate  pinnately  veined  mostly  ample  and  deciduous  leaves 
with  minute  or  abortive  stipules,  and  cymose  (or  by  abortion  solitary)  axillary 
flowers.  —  Inst.  617,  t.  388;  L.  Gen.  no.  79;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  257;  Gray, 
Gen.  ni.  ii.  187,  t.  171 ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  360;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  1,  30; 
Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  351,  353;  Losener  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat. 
PHanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  199.  —  Mostly  of  the  temperate  or  higher  Asiatic  regions, 
the  European  species  few,  some  also  in  the  Malay  Islands. 

*  Fruit  tuberculate,  rather  shallow-lobed :    corolla  greenish  or  reddish  yellow,  .5-merous : 
ovules  Iiorizontal,  4  to  10  in  each  cell:  winter  buds  rather  small  (1  or  2  lines  long). 

E.  Americanus,  L.  (Strawuerry  Bush.)  Large  shrnb:  leaves  ovate  or  broadly  lan- 
ceolate, rounded  to  acute  at  base,  acuminate,  crenate-serrulate,  glabrous  or  a  little  pubescent 
toward  the  base  of  the  principal  veins,  1|  to  3  inches  long,  nearly  sessile  ;  the  petioles  a  line 
long  or  less:  peduncles  scarcely  an  inch  long,  1-3-flowered  :  sepals  round,  entire:  petals 
mostly  clawed  and  not  meeting :  fruit  very  rough.  —  Spec.  i.  197  ;  Nouv.  Duham.  iii.  26,  t.  9 ; 
Fursh,  Fl.  i.  168;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1322  :  Don,  Syst.  ii.  .5;  Loud.  Arb.  ii.  499,  f.  168,  169; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  258;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  142,  t.  19  ;  Baill.  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  Fr.  v.  31.5,  & 
Hist.  PI.  vi.  2;  Trelease,  1.  c.  3.53;  Dippel,  Handb.  Lanldiolzkunde,  ii.  492,  f.  236.  E.  snn- 
pervirens.  Marsh.  Arb.  44.  E.  nltorn'ifolliis,  Mnench,  Meth.  71.  E.  mnricattis,  Raf.  New  Fl. 
Am.  iii.  59.  —  New  Jersey  to  Florida,  Eastern  Texas,  and  Kentucky. 

Var.  angustifolius,  Wood.  Similar  to  the  type,  but  the  leaves  lanceolate  to  ellip- 
tical, less  than  half  inch  wide,  somewhat  falcate.  —  Bot.  &  Fl.  76  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  353.  E.  nn- 
(jnstifolius,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  168 :  Don,  Syst.  ii.  5 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  258  ;  Baill.  Bnll.  Soc.  Bot. 
Fr.  V.  315.  —  Kentucky  to  Florida.  In  its  extreme  form  appearing  quite  distinct,  but  pass- 
ing into  the  type  by  numerous  intermediate  specimens,  chiefly  from  the  middle  range  of  the 
species,  pertaining  to  E.  Americanus,  $,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  258. 

Var.  sarmentosus,  Nptt.  Low.  rooting,  with  erect  branches:  leaves  variou.«ly 
lanceolate,  acute:  otherwise  about  as  in  the  type.  —  Gen.  i.  154:  Torr.  &  Grav,  Fl.  i.  258; 
Trelease,  1.  c.  353.    E.  sarmentosus,  Don,  Syst.  ii.  5.  —  Southwestern  range  of  the  species. 


Pac/uslhna.  CKLAS'lRACK.i:.  397 

E.  obovatus,  N'l  tt.  Ahout  a  foot  hij^li,  Willi  prostrate  rooting  stoiiiH  and  frert  nearly 
siiiijilc  sIhmUs:  leaves  mostly  obovale,  euneale,  usually  very  olitusc  ;  the  jtetioles  often  2 
lines  luu^  :  peiluncles  mostly  ^-.J-llowered  ;  flowers  expanding  ahout  .'1  lines:  jxtals  apprnx- 
i mated :  fruit  less  tuherculate:  otherwise  resenihliug  the  preceding.  —  (ien.  i.  15.'};  Don, 
Syst.  ii.  5;  Zahel,  Gartentl.  xxxviii.  638;  Gard.  &  For.  ix.  .'1»4,  f.  51.  A".  Aiiurirunns,  8, 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  258.  K.  Aiiiericuniis,  var.  ubovatua,  Torr.  &  Gray  a<c.  to  (Jrav,  (ien.  111. 
ii.  188,  t.  171  ;  Trelea.se,  1.  c.  353.  —  Canada,  in  the  region  of  the  (ireat  Lakes,  to  lllinoiM 
aud  Keutucky. 

♦   ♦   Fruit  not  tuherculate:  ovules  2  in  eacii  cell. 

•I—  Flowers  4-merous :  ovules  ascending,  with  iutrorse  rhaphe  :  fruit  deeply  lohed :  winter 
huds  small,  as  in  the  last :  Atlantic  species. 

E.  atropurpureus,  JAcy.  (Bt:RNiNG  Bush,  Waiioo.)  At  length  heconiing  a  small  tree  : 
lea\es  elliptical  or  .somewhat  ovate,  acute  at  hase,  acuminate,  minutelv  serrulate  or  biserrii- 
late,  mostly  jiuherulent  heneath,  2  to  4  inches  long,  on  slightly  margined  petioles  3  to  9  lines 
long  :  peduncles  1  to  2  inciies  long,  twice  or  thrice  dichotomous,  usually  7-13-Howered  :  petals 
ohovate,  hrown-purple,  witii  pale  margin:  style  very  short. —  liort.  Vind.  ii.  55,  t.  120; 
I'ursh,  Fl.  i.  168;  Don,  Syst.  ii.  5;  Loud.  Arb.  ii.  49'J,  f.  1G7;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  257; 
15aill.  Hull.  Soc.  Bot.  Fr.  v.  314,  &  Hist.  Fl.  vi.  2 ;  Millspaugh,  Med.  I'l.  i.  t.  42;  Trelea.se, 

1.  e.  353;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  11,  t.  33;  Dippel,  1.  c.  490,  f.  235.  K.  Carolinensis,  Marsh.  Arb. 
43.  —  New  York  to  tiie  Yellowstone,  south  to  Northern  Texas;  also  in  Florida,  Ibitjel. 
Una.ssigned  names,  jjerhaps  pertaining  to  this  species,  are  K.  arumiiuitus,  K.  ruiieutus,  and 
E.  heterophyllus,  Uaf.  New  Fl.  Am.  iii.  59. 

E.  EuROP.KUS,  L.  (Spindle  Tree.)  Leaves  rather  small,  more  finely  serrulate  to  nearly 
entire,  glabrous:  peduncles  shorter:  flowers  and  fruits  fewer  and  more  clustered:  petals 
greenish  white  :  ovary  conically  prolonged  into  an  eviilent  style :  otherwise  like  the  la.st.  — 
Spec.  i.  197;  Keicheub.  Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  vi.  t.309,  f.  5134;  Ett.  &  Pok.  Physiotypia  PI.  Austr. 
V.  t.  4G3 ;  Britt.  Sterns  &  Poggeni).  Prelim.  Cat.  N.  Y.  11;  Trelease,  1.  c.  353.  —  Persi.stent 
iu  old  gardens  about  eastern  cities.     (Introd.  from  Eu.) 

•i—  -i—  Flowers  5-merous,  purple  :  ovules  descending,  with  extrorse  rhaphe  :  fruit  not  deeply 
lohed :  winter  buds  large  (2  to  5  lines  long)  :  glabrous  species  of  the  Pacific  coast. 

E.  OCCidentalis,  Nitt.  A  large  shrub :  winter  buds  2  to  3  lines  long  :  twigs  whitened : 
leaves  ovate  or  elliptical  to  lanceolate,  subcordate  to  mostly  acute  at  ba.se,  acute  or  acumi- 
nate, irregularly  serrulate  or  bi.serrulate,  H  to  3  inches  long,  on  petioles  2  to  4  lines  long: 
peduncles  an  inch  long,  1-3-flowered. — Nutt.  in  Torr.  Pac.  R.  Hep.  iv.  74;  Trelea.se,  1.  c. 
354.  E.  atropiirptireus,  var.  j8  ?  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  258.  —  Oregon  to  Southern  California, 
:uiil  Carson  City,  Nevada,  Anderson. 

E.  Parishii,  Trelease,  1.  c.  Weak  but  rather  large  shrul) :  winter  buds  3  to  5  lines  long  : 
leaves  elliptic-ovate  to  oliovate,  gradually  cuneate  or  abruptly  contracted  and  cuneate  at 
ba.se,  olituse  or  blunt-pointed,  finely  crenate-serrulate  :  peduncles  2  inches  long,  3-7-flowered  : 
flowers  .'somewhat  smaller  than  in  the  last,  to  which  the  .species  is  clo.sely  related.  —  San 
Jacinto  Mountain,  California,  Purish. 

2.  PACHlSTIMA,  Raf.  (Name  .said  to  bo  from  Traxr?,  thick,  and  oTi'y/ia, 
stigma,  from  the  slightly  enlarged  stigma.)  —  Low  shrubs  with  squarish  minutely 
verruoose  twigs,  opposite  erenulate  or  serrulate  coriaceous  1 -nerved  rather  small 
evergreen  leaves  with  minute  stipules,  and  few-flowered  a.xillary  cymes  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Am.  Monthly  Mag.  ii.  176.  Pachystima,  Benth.  «fe  Hook.  Gen. 
i.  3GI  ;  Baill.  1.  c.  30  ;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  352,  '^'A  ;  Losener 
in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  211.  Oreophila,^\\ii.  in  Torr.  & 
Gr.ay,  Fl.  i.  258.  —  Confined  to  the  mountains  of  the  United  States  and  Mexico. 

P.  Myrsinites,  Uak.  A  foot  or  two  high,  spreading:  leaves  often  on  the  same  plant  from 
liroiidly  (■llipii<:il  to  oblong-ovate  or  subsjiatulate,  slightly  revolufe.  nearly  entire  or  crenidato 
to  sh;irpiy  serrulate  above,  obtuse,  G  to  exceptionally  20  lines  long,  the  base  rounded  or 


398  CELASTRACE.E.  Pachislima. 

cuneate :  peduncles  and  pedicels  about  A  line  long,  the  former  1-  to  mostly  3-flowered :  fruit 
narrowly  ovoid,  4  Hues  long. —  Am.  Monthly  Mag.  ii.  176,  &  Sylv.  Tellur.  42;  Gray,  Troc, 
Am.  Acad.  viii.  378,  624;  Trelcase,  1.  c.  354.  Ilex  !  Mijrsinites,  I'ursh,  Fl.  i.  119.  Miiyinda 
myrtifolia,  Nutt.  Geu.  i.  109;  Iluok.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  120,  t.  41.  Oreophila  myrtifolia,  Nutt. 
in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  239.  —  Brit.  Columbia  to  California,  New  Mexico,  and  Colorado. 
(Northern  Mex.) 
P.  Canbyi,  Grav.  Trailing  and  rooting,  the  branches  a  span  or  two  high:  leaves  narrowly 
elliptical  or  exceptionally  obovate,  slightly  revolute,  5  to  10  lines  long,  the  upper  lialf  ser- 
rulate, obtuse,  the  base  rounded  or  subcuneate  :  peduncles  and  pedicels  filiform,  frequently 
2  lines  long:  otherwise  similar  to  the  preceding.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  viii.  623;  Meehan, 
Native  Flower.<,  ser.  1,  i.  173,  t.  44;  Cliapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  613  ;  Trelea.se,  1.  c.  354.  — Mountains 
of  Virginia.  A  specimen,  unquestionably  of  this  species,  labelled  Jacksonville,  Florida, 
Bremlel. 

3.  CELASTRUS,  L.  St.\ff-tree.  (An  ancient  Greek  name,  of  un- 
certain application.) — Twining  shrubs  with  terete  glabrous  stems,  alternate  ser- 
rate pinnately  veined  ample  petioled  deciduous  leaves  with  very  minute  stipules, 
and  rather  ample  terminal  and  often  axillary  somewhat  pedunculate  panicles  or 
racemes,  drooping  in  fruit.  —  Gen.  no.  168  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  257  ;  Gray,  Gen. 
111.  ii.  185,  t.  170  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  364 ;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  36  ;  Trelease, 
Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  352,  354 ;  Losener  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf. 
iii.  Ab.  5,  205,  —  Mostly  of  India  and  Eastern  Asia,  also  reaching  Australia  and 
Madagascar. 

C.  scandens,  L.  (Shrubby  or  Climbing  Bitter-sweet.)  Climbing  to  a  considerable 
lieiglit :  the  leaves  more  or  less  2-rauked  from  torsion  of  the  stem,  ovate  or  exceptionally 
obovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  at  base,  acuminate,  low-serrate  or  crenate-serrate,  glabrous, 
2  to  4  inches  long:  pedicels  articulated  below  the  middle:  fruit  6  lines  in  diameter,  orange, 
when  dehiscent  exposing  the  very  showy  crimson  aril.  —  Spec.  i.  196  ;  Gaertn.  Fruct.  ii.  85, 
t.  95;  Schk.  Handb.  i.  153,  t.  47  ;  Nouv.  Duham.  vi.  110,  t.  33  ;  Loud.  Arb.  ii.  .502,  f.  171  ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  257,  685  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  186,  t.  170  ;  Schnizl.  Ic.  iv.  t.  236,  f.  1,  12-14, 
27  ;  Emerson,  Trees  &  Shrubs  Mass.  ed.  2,  ii.  545,  with  plate ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  354 ;  Dippel, 
I.  c.  482;  liisener,  1.  c.  191,  f.  117  E.  C.  hulkitus,  L.  Spec.  i.  196.  Eiionymoides  scandens, 
Micnch,  Metli.  70.—  Canada  and  New  England  to  South  Dakota  and  New  Mexico. 

4.  MAYTENUS,  Mol.  (Name  from  the  Chilian  word  mat/ten.)  —  8hrubs 
with  terete  glabrous  twigs,  alternate  mostly  entire  evergreen  leaves  with  minute 
and  evanescent  stipules,  and  reduced  few-flowered  axillary  cymes  shorter  tlian 
the  leaves.  —  Mol.  ace.  to  Juss.  Gen.  449;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  364;  Gri.seb. 
Cat.  PI.  Cub.  53 ;  Losener  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  205,  & 
Engl.  Jahrb.  xv.  Beibl.  no.  38,  6.  Haenhea,  Ruiz  &  Pav.  Prodr.  36,  t.  6. 
Tricerma,  Liebm.  Vidensk.  Meddel.  1853,  97.  Monteverdia,  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Cub. 
i.  346.  —  Of  the  tropical  or  subtropical  American  region. 

M.  phyllanthoides,  Benth.  Rather  large  shrub  :  leaves  pale,  thick,  dull,  obnvate,  acute 
at  base,  very  obtuse  or  somewhat  emarginate,  entire  or  slightly  repand  above,  glabrous,  an 
inch  long,  the  petiole  about  a  line  long:  flowers  very  short-stalked:  capsule  4  to  6  lines 
long,  contracted  at  ba.se  or  substipitate,  deep  red,  somewhat  glaucous.  —  Bot.  Sul])li.  54; 
Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  47;  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  v.  155;  Chapm.  Fl.  77;  Hemsl.  Biol. 
Centr.-Am.  Bot.  i.  189;  Trelease,  l".  c.  355.  Tricerma  crassifolium,  Liebm.  Vidensk.  Moddcl. 
1853,  98.  — Cape  Sable,  Pumpkin  Key,  Cedar  Key.s  and  Key  West,  Florida.  (Mex.,  Lower 
Calif.) 

5.  G-YMINDA,  Sargent.  (Name  by  transposition  from  Mi/riinda.)  —  Shrub 
or  small  tree  with  more  or  less  4-angled  glabrous  twigs,  opposite  nearly  entire 


Schrffrria.  CKLASTKACK.i:.  309 

finii  >Ii()rt-i)(ti()I(Ml  leaves,  and  axillary  fe\v-Ho\vere<l  ryxwos  shorter  tliaii  the  leaves. 
—  Ganl,  &  For.  iv.  I,  A:  Silv.  ii.  1.5;  Lciseiier  in  Kn;,'l.  &  I'ranll,  Nat.  I'llaiizenf. 
ill.  Ab.  5,  217.  Myyinda  §  Gi/minda,  Griseb.  Cat.  PI.  Cub.  50.  —  A  sin;,'le 
subtropical  Anieriouii  species. 

G.  Grisebachii,  SAmiKsr.  Leaves  tliiik,  jkiIc.  oNovato,  taporiiif;  t<i  a  very  short  iietinle, 
rounded  above,  ereiiulate  to  entire,  jjlalirous,  1  to  2  inclies  lonj; :  iiitlorexeiice  fjlalirous, 
commonly  shorter  tlian  tliu  leaves,  few-tiowered,  the  lateral  j)edieelH  slout  and  divtr;,'ent : 
flowers  greenish  white:  drupe  l-2-seeded,  2  t(j  4  lines  long,  hluisli  hlack.  —  (iar<l  &  For.  iv. 
4,  &  Silv.  ii.  14,  t.  54.  Mi/</iinla  intitjii folia,  IIHlv.  Nov.  Gen.  &,  Spec.  vii.  66;  DC.  I'rodr. 
ii.  13  ;  Griseb.  1.  c. ;  Sargent,  IJot.  (iaz.  .\i.  314,  &  Gard.  &  For.  ii.  3.')2 ;  Treleawe,  1.  c.  356 ; 
not  Lam.  M.  juiUens,  Sargent,  U.  S.  10th  Census,  ix.  38,  not  Sm.  M.  ?  latifilia,  Chajmi. 
F'l.  76;  Trelease,  1.  c.  356;  not  Swartz.  —  Florida  Keys.     (VV.  Ind.) 

6.  RHACOMA,  L.  (A  name  of  Pliny  for  the  rhubarb  ;  the  application  to 
the  present  genus  not  clear.)  —  Shrubs  of  various  habit,  ours  with  square  or 
4-lined  glabrous  or  slightly  downy  twigs,  rather  small  opposite  entire  to  spiny- 
margined  leaves  with  minute  stipules,  and  small  axillary  downy  cymes.  —  Syst. 
Nat.  ed.  10,  896,  &  Gen.  ed.  6,  no.  144;  Losener  in  p:ngl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflan- 
zenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  217.  Myginda,  Jacq.  Enum.  PI.  Carib.  1  {Mycinda),  1 2  ;  L.  Gen. 
ed.  6,  no.  178.  — Of  the  tropical  and  subtropical  American  region. 

*   Leaves  puugently  dentate. 

R.  ilicifolia,  Trelease,  n.  comb.  Low  shrub,  glabrate  or  puherulent :  leaves  thin  but  firm  : 
veiny,  ovate,  acute  at  both  euds,  6  to  9  Hues  long:  inflorescence  shorter  tlian  the  leaves: 
flowers  red:  drupe  2  or  3  lines  long,  1-celled.  — Mi/f/inda  ilicifolia,  I'oir.  Diet.  iv.  396;  Tre- 
lease, 1.  c.  355.  —  Everglades  and  keys  of  Florida.  (  W.  Ind.)  The  toothing  of  the  leaves  is 
much  shallower  than  in  Cuban  specimens  referred  here,  our  plant  being  nearest  to  M.  aijui- 
folia,  Griseb.,  as  represented  by  \Vri</ht,  no.  2210. 

*  *   Leaves  not  at  all  pungent. 

R.  Crossopetalum,  L.  Small  shrub,  glabrate  or  slightly  downy :  leaves  rather  thin, 
ovate  or  elliptical  to  mostly  obovate,  tapering  to  the  short  petiole,  obtuse  or  emarginate, 
sometimes  mucroiiate,  shallowly  creuatc-serrate,  less  than  an  inch  long:  pedicels  .^lender, 
ascending,  shorter  than  the  leaves :  flowers  dark  red  :  drupe  2  to  3  lines  long,  red,  1-2-celled.  — 
Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  896,  &  Amcen.  Acad.  v.  393.  Mi/f/iiula  liltacoma,  Sw.  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  i.  340 ; 
Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  146;  Chapm.  Fl.  75;  Trelease,  1.  c.  M.  palleus,  Trelease,  I.e.  (when 
with  2-celled  fruit).  —  Subtropical  Florida  and  Florida  Keys.     (\V.  Ind.) 

7.  SCH^FFfiRIA,  Jacq.  (Named  after  ,/.  C.  Schcrffer,  a  German  nat- 
uralist of  the  last  century.)  —  Shrubs  with  glabrous  closely  ribbed  sometimes 
spinescent  twigs,  alternate  firm  rugose-veiny  entire  subsessile  glabrous  leaves, 
often  fascicled  on  spurs,  with  setaceous  or  abortive  stipules,  and  small  few-flowered 
fascicles  axillary  or  seeming  as  if  terminal  on  the  spurs.  —  Enum.  PI.  Carib.  10, 
&  Stirp.  Am.  259;  Benth.  «&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  3G7 ;  Trelease,  I.  c.  356;  Sargent, 
Silv.  ii.  15;  Losener  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  210. —  Of  the 
West  Indian  and  Mexican  region. 

S.  frutescens,  Jacq.  Small  tree  with  rather  slender  zigzag  green  twigs:  leaves  elliptical 
to  spatulateclliiit>ical,  acute  at  ba.se,  at  length  1  to  2  inches  long,  the  apex  variously  acute 
ormucronate:  pedicels  alxmt  3  lines  long:  drupe  2  lines  long,  red.  mammillated,  shortly 
beaked.  — Enum.  Fl.  Carib.  33,  &  Stirp.  Am.  2.')9 ;  L.am.  111.  iii.  402,  t.  809  ;  Trele.ase,  1.  c. 
356;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  17,  t.  55.  .*^.  romplrta,  Sw.  Fl.  Ind  Occ.  i.  327,  t.  7.  f.  .\  (Sloane,  .lam. 
ii.  t.  209.  f.  1 ).  -S'.  hnxifolia,  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  42,  t.  30.  —  ,Mctacoml)e  Key  and  Key  West,  Flor- 
ida.    (W.  Ind.) 


400  CELASTRACE.E.  Schceferla. 

S.  cuneifolia,  Orat.  Shmb,  with  rigid  somewhat  spiny  gray  twigs :  leaves  spatulate- 
cuueate,  rciuiKleil  or  eniargiuate  at  apex,  half  iuch  long  :  pedicels  a  Hue  lung  or  less  :  drupe 
flattened  and  grooved:  otherwise  resembling  the  last.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  35,  ii.  29;  Torr.  But. 
Mex.  Bound.  47  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  356.  —  New  Mexico  and  W.  Texas.     (Mex.) 

8.  MORTONIA,  Gray.  (Named  for  Dr.  S.  G.  Morton,  an  American 
naturalist  of  the  first  half  of  the  present  century.)  —  Mostly  intricately  branched 
shrubs  with  subterete  often  hispid  twigs,  very  thick  alternate  small  entire  1-nerved 
revolute  leaves  with  abortive  stipules,  and  small  cymes  in  the  upper  axils  mostly 
aggregated  into  a  small  terminal  panicle.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  34,  ii.  28;  Bentli.  &, 
Hook.  Gen.  i.  368  ;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  356  ;  Losener  in  Engl. 
&  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  218.  —  Of  the  Texano-Mexican  region. 

*  Leaves  elliptical,  short. 

M.  sempervirens,  Gkay.  Leaves  obtuse  to  subacute,  entire,  revolute,  glabrous,  smooth, 
2  tu  3  lines  lung,  very  short-petioled :  peduncles  a  line  or  two  loug,  with  2  obtuse  bracts 
clo.se  to  the  flower :  fruit  oblong,  3  Hues  long,  abruptly  beaked.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  35,  t.  4,  ii. 
28;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  47;  Trelea.se,  1.  c.  —  W.  Texas,  Wricjht,  Biijeiow. 

M.  SCabrella,  Gray.  Divaricately  branched  :  twigs  hispidulous :  leaves  obtuse  to  stout- 
pointed,  papillate-roughened,  about  3  lines  long:  otherwise  like  the  last.  —  PI.  Wright,  ii. 
28  ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  47  ;  Trelease,  1.  c. ;  Losener  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf. 
iii.  Ab.  5,  218,  f.  127.  —  Arizona  to  S.  W.  Texas,  along  the  Mexican  line.  A  rather  large 
form,  with  large  flower-clusters  and  leaves  half  inch  long,  is  var.  Utahensis,  Coville,  in  herb., 
from  Utah  and  Nevada. 

*   *   Leaves  oblong-spatulate. 

M.  Greggii,  Gray.  Twigs  puberulent:  leaves  mucronate  or  acuminate,  glabrous,  minutely 
punctate,  half  inch  to  inch  long  and  2  lines  wide,  tapering  to  a  short  petiole  :  fruit  shorter, 
stout.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  35  ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  47  ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  336  ; 
Trelease,  I.e.  —  Northern  Mexico,  perhaps  extending  into  the  United  States.  M.  effusn, 
Turcz.  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  xxxi.  453,  based  on  Berlandier's  collections,  if  separable,  differs 
in  its  thinner  and  rather  broader  less  revolute  leaves.  The  other  Mexican  species,  M. 
Palmeri,  Hemsl.  Diagn.  PI.  Nov.  pars  alt.  24,  frequently  confounded  with  M.  Gregqii,  if 
really  separable,  differs  in  its  narrower  leaves,  which  are  half  inch  long,  a  line  wide,  very 
thick,  and  more  revolute. 

9.  GLOSSOPETALON,  Gray.  (Name  from  yX«o-o-a,  tongue,  and 
TreVaXov,  petal,  because  of  the  shape  of  these  members.)  —  Small  shrubs  with 
angled  green  nearly  or  quite  glabrous  often  spinescent  twigs,  small  entire  alter- 
nate leaves  with  setaceous  stipules  adnate  to  the  dilated  often  red  or  purple  base 
of  the  petioles,  and  subsolitary  axillary  flowers  shorter  than  the  leaves.  —  PI. 
Wright,  ii.  29,  t.  12,  f.  B;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  42.  Glossopetalum,  Benth.  & 
Hook.  Gen.  i.  368  ;  Losener  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  219  ; 
not  Schreber.  Forsellesia,  Greene,  Erythea,  i.  206.  —  Of  the  Western  Moun- 
tain region. 

G.  spinescens,  Gray.  Low  intricately  branched  .spinescent  shrub  :  leaves  glaucous,  gla- 
brous to  i)uberulent,  oblanceolate,  tapering  to  a  petiole  about  1  line  long  that  is  gradually 
dilated  below  and  often  with  minute  setaceous  adnate  stipules,  acute,  3  or  4  lines  long,  and 
about  a  line  wide :  pedicels  equalling  the  leaves :  flowers  mostly  .5-rherous:  stamens  10: 
fruit  ovoid,  usually  curved  to  one  side,  acute,  finely  striate.—  PI.  Wright,  ii.  29,  t.  12,  f.  B, 
PI.  Thurb.  299,  &  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  73  ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  47,  &  Pac.  R.  Rep.  iv.  74  ; 
Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  109  ;  L(isener,  1.  c.  219,  f.  128.  FoisrUfala  spinr.trrris,  Greene-, 
1.  c.  206.  — Snake  River,  Oregon,  Cusic/c,  to  W.  Texas,  and  the  Mojave  Desert,  California, 
Parish. 


llippocratca.  Kll  AM  X  AC'E.E.  401 

Var.  meionandrum,  I'kki.kask,  h.  comh.  Stamons  5  to  7  :  otherwiso  very  like  the 
txjH'.  —  a.  nil  imntndniin,  Koeliiie,  GarteiiH.  xliii.  237,  f.  52.  —  h>.  Colorado,  I'lirjiun. 
G.  Nevadense,  (iuw.  Isually  miiiutoly  |)iil)CTulc'iit:  leaves  elliptic4il,  a  little  lunger  than 
in  the  last,  2  or  3  lines  wide,  the  hroatl  stipiiiiferous  hase  abrupt :  HowerH  4-nierou8  :  ntainens 
8.  —  I'roi-.  Am.  Acad.  xi.  73;  Brew.  &  Wats.  liot.  Calif,  i.  109.  ForHellesia  Necademit, 
Greene,  1.  e.  2()G.  —  Waslioe  (Jouiity,  Nevada. 

10.  HIPPOCRATfiA,  I..  (Named  for  ///>;jocra/e«,  the  Greek  physician 
and  natunili.st.)  —  C'liLubiii"^  sliriil)s  with  prehensile  twigs,  opjiosite  ereiiate  ample 
short-petioletl  deciduous  leaves  with  minute  sti[)ules,  an<l  Mowers  in  small  dirhoto- 
mous  axillary  cymes.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  «fe  Gen.  uo.  '.)08  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen. 
i.  301)  ;  Peyritsch  in  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xi.  pt.  1,  127;  Bail!.  IIi>t.  I'i.  vi.  \:> ; 
Loseuer,  1.  c.  226.  —  Mostly  of  the  tropics  of  both  continents. 

H.  OVata,  L.\m.  Climbing  to  a  consideralile  heiglit :  leaves  thin,  elliptic-ovate,  obtuse  or 
blunt-pointed,  glabrou.s  1^  to  2^  inches  long  ;  the  petioles  2  or  3  lines  long:  Howers  alni<i8t 
sessile,  somewhat  rusty-pubescent :  valves  of  capsule  I^  inches  long,  elliptical,  obtuse,  closely 
parallel-veined.  —  111.  i.  100,  t.  28;  Trelease,  1.  c.  357;  Loseuer,  I.e.  f.  130,  a-d.  —  Ever 
glades  and  Keys  of  Florida.     (\V.  lud.) 


Order  XLIL     RHAMNACE^. 

By  W.  Trklkase. 

Woody  plants,  sometimes  spinose  or  climbing.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite, 
simple,  not  lobed,  or  slightly  lobed  in  some  forms  of  Condalia,  entire,  denticulate 
or  serrate,  not  glandular-punctate  (but  sometimes  with  surface  glands  below), 
with  small  or  caducous  stipules.  Flowers  in  reduced  axillary  cymes  or  occasion- 
ally subspicate  or  thyrsoid,  small,  mostly  greenish,  perfect  or  occasionally  dioecious 
by  abortion  (in  some  species  of  Rhamnus  and  Gouania),  4— 5-merous,  w  ith  a  con- 
spicuous disk  lining  a  short  calyx-tube  and  sometimes  adnate  to  the  ovary.  Calyx- 
segments  valvate,  usually  cristate  down  the  inner  face,  often  deciduous.  Petals 
distinct,  inserted  on  the  calyx  near  the  margin  of  the  disk,  or  in  some  genera 
wanting,  short-clawed,  hooded  or  with  incurved  margins.  Stamens  as  many  as 
and  alternate  with  the  calyx-lobes,  hence  in  front  of  and  mostly  embraced  by  the 
petals  when  these  are  present,  distinct,  inserted  at  or  below  the  margin  of  the 
disk  ;  anthers  short,  versatile,  2-celled,  on  more  or  less  elongated  filaments. 
Pistil  compound,  2-3-celled,  or  1 -celled  by  abortion,  sometimes  lobed;  ovules 
anatropous,  1  or  rarely  2  in  each  cell ;  style  evident,  terminal,  mostly  notched  or 
lobed,  with  lateral  stigmas.  Fruit  drupaceous,  sometimes  dry  at  maturity,  or 
septicidally  capsular,  the  cocci  or  segments  1-seeded  and  frecpiently  indehiscent ; 
seeds  not  arillate,  generally  with  scanty  oily  albumen ;  embryo  straight  (some- 
what curved  in  Retpiosia),  usually  with  broad  occasionally  green  cotyledons.  — 
The  tribes  readily  separable,  but  the  genera  often  scarcely  distinguishable  by 
technical  characters  alone,  though  usually  differing  in  habit,  inflorescence,  or 
venation  of  leaves. 

TiuiiK  I.     ZIZYPHK.E.     I.oIm^s  of  calyx  deciduous  (except  in   one  section   of  Con- 
dalia); disk  lining  tlic  sliallow  calyx-tiilie,   nearly  or  quite  free  from   the  ovary. 


402  RHAMXACE.E.  Comlalia. 

Fruit  drupaceous,  mostly  fleshy  and  often  edible,  with  a  single  l-l-celled  stone 
enclosing  as  many  seeds,  or  1-seeded  by  abortion ;  seed-coats  membranaceous. 
*  Embryo  relatively  large  ;  albumen  not  rumiuated. 
•t—  A  siugle  ovule  in  each  cell. 

1.  CONDALIA.  Apetalous  or  with  hooded  clawed  petals.  Style  notched  or  somewhat 
2-.'5-l(iheii,  its  base  persisting  ou  the  incompletely  2-celled  fruit. 

2.  RHAMNIDIUM.  Apetalous  (iu  our  species).  Style  2-lobed,  its  base  persisting  on  the 
1 -celled  fruit. 

3.  MICRORHAMNUS.  I'etals  hooded,  clawed.  Style  notched,  disarticulating  close  to 
tlie  small  1-celIcd  fruit. 

4.  BERCHEMIA.  Petals  acute,  with  incurved  margins,  clawless.  Style  slightly  2-lobed, 
deciduous  close  to  the  elongated  2-celled  fruit. 

•t—  ^—  Two  ovules  in  each  cell. 

5.  KARWINSKIA.  Petals  hooded,  very  short-clawed.  Style  slightly  2-3-lobed,  forming 
a  beak  on  the  2-  or  incom{)letely  4-celled  fruit. 

*  *   Embryo  small,  within  copious  ruminated  albumen. 

6.  REYNOSIA.  Apetalous.  Style  somewhat  2-lobed,  its  base  persistent  on  tlie  large 
1-celled  fruit. 

Tribe  II.  RHAMNE^.  Lobes  of  calyx  deciduous  (except  in  Sacjeretia  and  one 
species  of  Colubrina);  disk  lining  the  calyx-tube,  or  both  adherent  to  the  ovary. 
Fruit  drupaceous  or  becoming  dry,  enclosing  2  to  4  nutlets  or  cocci;  seed-coats 
mostly  liard. 

*   Fruit  flesliy,  free  from  the  calyx. 

7.  SAGERETIA.    Calyx  shallow.     Petals  hooded  and  clawed.     Style  short,  3-lobed. 

8.  RHAMNUS.  Tube  of  calyx  rather  deep.  Petals  small  and  clawless,  or  wanting.  Style 
rather  elongated,  2-lol)ed. 

*  *   Fruit  becoming  nearly  or  quite  dry,  partly  inferior. 

9.  CEANOTHUS.  Calyx-lobes  petaloid.  Petals  large  for  the  order,  hooded  and  long- 
clawed,  often  spreading  away  from  the  stamens.  Style  mostly  elongated  and  3-lobed. 
Inflorescence  usually  compound  and  thyrsoid. 

10.  COLUBRINA.  Calyx  not  petaloid.  Petals  small,  sessile,  surrounding  the  stamens. 
Flowers  in  small  axillary  umbels. 

Tribe  III.     COLLETIE^E.     Lobes  of  calyx  persistent ;  disk  lining  the  cup-shapeMl 

calyx-tube,  mostly  investing,  but  free  from,  the  lower  half  of  the  ovary.      Fruit 

dry,  enclosing  3  cocci. 
ll.ADOLPHIA.    Petals  hooded.     Style  short,  notched.    Anthers  introrsely  dehiscent  by 

an  arcuate  line. 
Tribe  IV.    GOUANTE^.     Lobes  of  calyx  persistent,  the  often  star-shaped  disk 

joining  its  tube  to  the  entire  surface  of  the  ovary.     Fruit  dry,  3-winged. 
12.   GOUANIA.     Petals  hooded.    Fruit  separating  through  the  wings  into  3  indehiscent  2- 

winged  segments. 

1.  CONDALIA,  Cav.  (Named  in  lienor  of  Antotiio  Condal,  a  Spanish 
physician,  who  accompanied  Loefling  on  his  journey  up  the  Orinoco.)  —  Shrubs  or 
trees  with  mostly  divaricate  and  often  spiny  twigs,  alternate  mostly  entire  some- 
times 3-nerved  rather  small  leaves  with  minute  stipules,  and  sessile  or  short-pe- 
duncled  umbel-like  axillary  cymes.  —  An.  Hist.  Nat.  Madrid,  i.  39 ;  Brongn.  Mem. 
Rhamn.  48,  &  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  x.  355  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  171,  t.  104;  Benth.  & 
Hook.  Gen.  i.  376 ;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  82  ;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v. 


Comlulia.  KIIA.MNACK.E.  403 

361  ;  Weberbauer  in  Engl.  &  Priintl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  404  (including 
Zizyphus  of  writers  on  North  Anicritan  botany).  —  Of  the  warmer  regions  of 
the  New  World. 

♦   Apetalous:  sepiiLs  persistent:  placenta  1  ;  stvlcs  slif,'htly  'i-.l-l-jlied.  —  §  Eucoiidalin. 

C.  Obovata,  Hook.  Small  tree,  velvety-pui)esceiit  or  at  lenfjtii  j,'lat>rate,  tlie  somewhat 
aiigluti  t\vij;s  with  white  flaking  epidermis :  leaves  drying  brown  or  Idaek  alMjve,  at  lengtii 
glabrous,  spatuhite  to  obovato,  loug-euueate,  mostly  mucronate  and  entire,  minutely  huI>- 
revolute,  short-petioled,  6  to  12  lines  long:  Howers  very  short-stalked:  drui)e  subgloi»ose,  2 
to  3  lines  iu  diameter ;  the  short  stout  style  disarticulating  at  al)ont  the  middle;  stigma  3- 
lobed.  —  Ic.  t.  287  ;  Torr.  &  (iray,  Kl.  i.  685  :  Gray,  Cwu.  111.  ii.  172.  t.  1C,4  ;  Treleasc,  1.  c. 
361  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  25,  t.  57  ;  Weberbauer,  1.  c.  —  Central  and  S.  Texas.     (Mex.) 

C.  Mexicana,  Scni.KtiiT.  In  asjjcct  somewhat  intermediate  between  the  preceding  and 
following,  mostly  jiersistently  dingy-velvety:  leaves  short-villous,  obovate  or  oblancecdate, 
acute  below,  almo.st  sessile,  about  3  lines  long:  flowers  nearly  sessile:  drupe  ellipsoidal,  2 
to  3  lines  long ;  style  short,  disarticulating  at  abont  the  middle.  —  Linna-a,  x.v.  471  ;  Trelease, 
1.  c.  362.  —  S.  Arizona.  (Mex.)  Specimens  from  Sau  Julio  Canon,  Lower  Calif.,  BrandHjee, 
have  elongated  fruit  3  lines  long,  and  large  obovate  mucronate  to  deeply  emarginate  long- 
decnrrent  glabrous  leaves,  as  in  the  preceding,  but  pass  into  the  type  through  Mexican  speci- 
mens, ('li'irj,  no.  795. 

C.  Spathulata,  Ghay.  Shrnl),  mostly  velvety,  the  twigs  reddish  with  prninose  incrusta- 
tions: leaves  typically  smaller,  narrowly  spatulate,  cuneate,  acute  to  emartrinate.  green  on 
both  sides,  glabrous  or  velvety,  thick,  with  few  broad  veins,  very  short-petioled,  3  to  scarcely 
6  lines  long :  pedicels  a  line  long  :  drujje  obli(juely  ovoid,  2  lines  long,  the  slender  style  dis- 
articulating near  the  einl ;  stigma  2-lobed.  —  I'l.  Wright,  i.32,  ii.27  ;  Torr.  Hot.  Mex.  Bound. 
47  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  362 ;  Weberbauer,  1.  c.  —  S.  "W.  Texas  to  Mesquite,  California,  Parish, 
no.  793.  (Mex.) 
*   *    I'etals  present :  sepals  deciduous:  placentae  2;  style  bifid.     Zizi/i>hus  of  most  writers 

on  North  American  botany.  —  §  Coudaliopsis. 
■i-  Umbels  on  a  short  peduncle  :  calyx  fleshy  :  drupe  beakless,  with  a  thin-walled  stone. 

C.  Obtusifolia,  Weberbauer,  1.  c.  Mastly  rigid  and  spinose,  somewhat  pubescent  to  gla- 
brate,  the  angled  twigs  with  prninose  flaking  epidermis  :  leaves  sometimes  glabrescent, 
ty])icallv  thin  and  green,  spatulate  to  elliptical  or  ovate-deltoid  on  long  shoots,  acute  to 
emarginate,  entire  or  the  broader  forms  unecpiaily  and  coarsely  serrate  or  almost  lobed,  3 
to  12  lines  long,  mostly  3-norve(i  :  peduncle  and  pedicels  each  about  a  line  long,  mostly  vil- 
lous, like  the  calyx:  drupe  subglobose,  4  lines  in  diameter. —  AVK/mn»s  ?  obtiisl/olius,  Hook, 
in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  685;  Scheele,  Linna;a,  xxi.  595.  Zizi/plius  obtusifolia.  Gray,  Gen. 
111.  ii.  170,  t.  163,  &  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  168;  Trelease,  1.  c.  362.  Puliurus  Texanus,  Scheele, 
Linna^a,  xxi.  594.  —  S.  Texas.     (Northern  Mex.) 

C.  lycioid.es,  Wererbaiter,  1.  c.  Very  rigid  and  spinose,  the  striate  zigzag  twigs  whitened  : 
leaves  subglabrous,  rather  thin,  pale,  oblong  or  occasionally  ovate,  obtu.se  or  emarginate, 
u.'tuallv  entire,  6  lines  h)ng  or  less:  drupes  as  iu  the  la.st  or  somewhat  eluugated.  —  Zizifphtis 
llirinldes.  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  168 ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  363.  —  S.  W.  Texas.     (.Mex.) 

Var.  canescens,  Theleask,  n.  comb.  More  hairy,  with  green-gray  twigs,  the 
mostly  tomento.se  leaves  thicker  and  usually  broader,  elliptical  to  ov.ite-delioid,  entire, 
denticulate  or  somewhat  .3-lol)ed.  —  Z/cy/i/n/.s  li/cioide.;,  var.  rtincsniis,  tJray  in  Hothrock, 
Wheeler  Rep.  vi.  82;  Trelease.  1.  c  363.  —  S.  E.  Arizona  to  Mammoth  Tank,  California, 
Prinfj/p  &  Parish,  no.  1181.  (Lower  Calif.)  In  aspect  of  foliage  connecting  this  species 
with  the  preceding. 

+_  ^_  Umbels  sessile:  calyx-segments  tbinner,  le,*s  keeled  within:  drupe  larger,  beaked, 
nearly  dry,  with  a  thick-walled  hard  and  bony  kernel. 

C.  Parryi,  Wi:nERi5AtEi!,  1.  c.  Flexnously  much  branched  and  slender-spiny,  glabrous 
throughout:  twigs  less  .sulcate,  scarcely  incrustcd  :  leaves  mo.stly  fa.scided,  green,  glci.>v«;y.  at 
length  firm,  reticulate-veiny,  obovate  to  elliptical,  4  to  6  lines  long,  tapering  to  slender  peti- 
oles of  e(jual  length  :  pedicels  very  slender,  2  or  3  lines  long,  becoming  twice  as  long  and 


404  RIIAMXACE.E.  RliamnHlium. 

recurved  in  fruit :  ilrnpe  ovoid,  7  lines  long.  —  Zizi/phus  Parryt,  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound. 
46  ;  Brew.  &  W;it.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  99  ;  Trelease,  1.  c;  Kellogg,  W.  Am.  Sci.  vii.  64,  fig.  — 
S.  California.     (Lower  Calif,  and  adj.  ids.) 

2.  RHAMNIDIUM,  Reiss.  (Name  from  pa/Avos,  the  buckthorn,  and  e'So?, 
form.)  —  Shrubs  or  small  trees  with  thornless  twigs  often  roughened  by  promi- 
nent leuticels,  mostly  subopposite  firm  entire  pinnately  veined  medium-sized 
leaves  with  minute  stipules,  and  short-peduncled  axillary  cymes.  —  Reiss.  in 
Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  xi.  pt.  1,  94;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  378;  Baill.  Hist.  PI. 
vi.  74 ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  27.  —  Of  the  tropical  American  region,  ours  from  the 
West  Indies  and  differing  from  the  representative  Brazilian  species  in  its  apetalous 
flowers,  firmer  stone,  etc. 

R.  ferreum,  Sakgent.  (Black  Irox-wood.)  Small  tree  :  twigs  somewhat  velvety :  leaves 
broadly  elliptical,  emarginate  and  mucronate,  entire  or  wavy,  minutely  subrevolute,  tliiu  but 
coriaceous,  glossy  above,  glabrous  except  for  the  short  petiole  and  upper  surface  of  midrib, 
paler  beneath,  drying  very  darii,  12  to  18  lines  long:  ])eduncle  a  line  long,  short-forked,  the 
pedicels  becoming  2  or  3  lines  long  in  fruit :  drupe  globose-ovoid ;  style  short,  forked  nearly 
to  the  middle.  —  Card.  &  For.  iv.  16,  &  Silv.  ii.  29,  t.  58.  Rhamnus  ferreus,  Vahl,  Symb. 
pt.  3,  41,  t.  58.  Mjiginda  inte(jri/olia.  Lam.  Diet.  iv.  396.  Zlzyphus  emaniinatus,  Sw.  Fl.  Ind. 
Occ.  iii.  1954.  Ceanothus  ferreus,  DC.  Prodr.  ii.  30.  Scutia  ferrea,  Brongn.  Mem.  Bhamn. 
56,  &  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  x.  363.  Condalia  ferrea,  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  100;  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  iv. 
208;  Chapm.  FL  ed.  2,  612;  Eggers,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  no.  13,  40;  Trelease,  1.  c.  362. 
Sarcomphalus  1  ferreus,  Weberbauer,  1.  c.  405. —  S.  Florida  and  Florida  Keys.     ( W.  Ind.) 

3.  MICRORHAMNUS,  Gray.  (Name  from  /ttKpo's,  small,  and  pdfxvo<;, 
the  buckthorn,  because  of  the  minute  leaves.)  —  Small  intricately  branched  very 
spiny  shrub  with  alternate  fascicled  entire  1-nerved  small  heath-like  revolute 
leaves  with  minute  stipules,  and  solitary  axillary  flowers.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  33 ; 
Benth.  «&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  376 ;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  360,  363  ; 
Weberbauer  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  405.  —  A  single 
species. 

M.  ericoides,  Gray.  Glabrous  or  exceptionally  minutely  puberulent :  leaves  elliptical,  acute, 
revolute  to  the  broad  midrib,  the  enclosed  grooves  densely  short-tomentose,  1  to 3  lines  long, 
sessile ;  stipules  broadly  triangular,  ciliate  ;  pedicels  about  a  line  long  :  drupe  oblong,  3  or 
4  lines  long,  the  slender  style  disarticulating  from  its  abruptly  pointed  summit.  —  PI. 
Wright,  i.  34,  ii.  28 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  ii.  162 ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  363.  — W.  Texas. 
(Northern  Mex.) 

4.  BERCH^MIA,  Neck.  (Name  of  unknown  derivation,  but  supposed 
to  be  personal.)  —  Shrubs  or  small  trees  (ours  twining)  with  spineless  twigs,  al- 
ternate thin  entire  piimately  veined  ample  slender-petioled  leaves,  minute  stipules, 
and  rather  loose  more  or  less  leafy  terminal  panicles.  —  Elem.  Bot.  ii.  1 22 ; 
Brongn.  Mem.  Rhamn.  49,  &  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  x.  356;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  173; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  377  ;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  78  ;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis 
Acad.  V.  360,  363  ;  Weberbauer  in  p:ngl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  40o. 
Oenoplea,  Hedw.  f.  Gen.  i.  151.  Oenoplia,  Schult.  vSyst.  v.  332.  —  Of  the  Asiatic 
region,  one  species  African,  and  ours  peculiar  to  Eastern  North  America. 

B.  volubilis,  DC.  (Supple  Jack.)  Climbing  over  trees  to  a  great  height,  glabrous 
throughout :  leaves  ovate,  acute  or  narrowly  acuminate-cuspidate,  undulate  and  .slightly 
revolute,  an  inch  or  two  long:  drupe  blue,  ellipsoidal,  4  lines  long,  the  style  deciduous  near 
the  base.  —  Prodr.  ii.  22 ;  Brongn.  Mem.  Rhamn.  50,  &  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  x.  357  ;  Torr.  &  Gray, 


Sar/cretia.  KII  A  M  \  A(  K.i:.  405 

Fl.  i.  260,  685  ;  London,  Arh.  ii.  528,  f.  196;  Gray,  Oen.  111.  ii.  174,  t.  165  ;  Trele.ai»e,  I.  c. 
363.  B.  sniudiiis,  'rrelcji.sc,  1.  c.  3G4  ;  Hritton,  Mem.  Torr.  C'lul),  v.  TJO ;  Wcberl.aucr,  1.  v. 
406,  f.  I'jy  1)-G.  Il/i(iiiiiius  scaiidciis,  Hill,  llort.  Kew.  453,  t.  20.  &  Vcg.  SvHt.  xiv,  64,  t.  17. 
II  ivlithilis,  L.  f.  Siii)i)l.  152  ;  .]iu-(|.  Ic.  Kar.  ii.  12,  t.  336;  L'ller.  Scrt.  Angl.  5.  Zi:yj,hu» 
voliibilis,  Willd.  Spec.  i.  1 102.  —  Virginia  to  Central  Texas  and  Florida. 

5.  KARWiNSKIA,  Zucc.  (Named  in  honor  of  Baron  Kunriitsh/,  :i 
Bavarian  traveller.)  — Shrubs  or  small  trees  with  .spint-lcss  branches,  mostly  sub- 
opposite  entire  pinnately  veined  black-punctate  ample  rather  thin  leaves  with 
minute  stipules,  and  flowers  in  short-peduneled  axillary  clusters.  —  Abh.  Akad. 
Miinchen,  i.  ;34t)  ;  Henth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  .'J77  ;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  7/)  ;  Trelease, 
Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  3G0,  304;  "VVeberbauer  in  Kngl.  <Si  I'nintl.  Nat.  Pllan- 
zenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  405.  —  Of  the  Mexican  region. 

K.  Humboldtiana,  Zrcc.  1.  c.  353.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  twigs  glabrescent :  leaves 
niiuly  as  in  Bdc/nmiii,  elliptic-ovate,  rounded  or  subcordate  at  base,  obtu.se,  mucronate  or 
long-acute,  entire  or  undulate,  nio.-*tly  glabrous,  slightly  paler  and  with  some  snuill  black 
glandular  dots  bcneatli,  1  to  3  indies  long,  their  slender  jjetiolcs  usually  about  one  third  a.s 
long,  but  soinctinies  greatly  reduced  :  peduncle  a  line  long  or  less,  few-Huwered  ;  j)edicels  of 
equal  length,  both  elongating  in  fruit:  drupe  ovoid,  apiculate,  6  lines  long;  .style  articulated 
near  the  top.  —  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  100;  Trelea,se,  1.  c.  364.  K.  gland nlosa,  Zucc. 
1.  c.  351,  t.  16,  &  Flora,  xv.  pt.  2,  Beild.  71.  A',  affinis,  Schlecht.  Linnica,  xv.  460.  K.  bini- 
flora,  Schlecht.  1.  c.  R/uimuus  umbelldlus,  Cav.  Ic.  vi.  2,  t.  504.  Ii.  Iliimboldtianus,  U(vm.  & 
Schult.  Sy.st.  V.  295;  HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  vii.  52,  t.  618.  —  Southwestern  border  of 
Tex;is.     (.Mcx.,  Lower  Calif.) 

6.  REYNOSIA,  Griseb.  (Named  for  Dr.  Alvaro  Reynoso,  a  Cuban 
chemist  of  the  middle  of  the  present  century.) —  Shrubs  or  small  trees  with  thorn- 
less  twigs,  mostly  opposite  coriaceous  entire  pinnately  veined  medium-sized  ever- 
green Jeaves  with  minute  stipules,  and  sessile  axillary  umbels,  —  Cat.  PI.  Cul). 
33;  Eggers,  Vidensk.  Meddel.  1877,  173;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis  A<ad. 
V.  3G0,  364;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  19;  Weberbauer  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Ptian- 
zenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  405.  —  Of  the  West  Indian  region. 

R.  latifolia,  Griskh.  1.  c.  34.  Small  tree,  glabrous  or  the  twigs  at  first  slightly  puberulent : 
leaves  broadly  elliptical,  spatulate-oblong,  or  obovate,  rounded  at  both  ends,  enuirginate  and 
commonly  mucronate,  entire,  slightly  revolute,  very  thick,  often  j)aler  or  reddish  beneath 
and  with  a  thick  miilrib,  finely  reticulate,  6  to  18  lines  long,  on  short  tliick  petioles:  flowers 
appearing  with  the  new  leaves:  pedicels  from  2  becoming  4  lines  long:  fruit  ellipsoid.il.  6 
lines  long,  short-beaked.  —  Fggers,  Vidensk.  Meddel.  1877,  173,  t.  2,  &  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.  no.  13,  40;  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  iv.  208;  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  612;  Trele.ise,  1.  c.  364; 
Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  21,  t.  56,  &  Gard.  &  For.  iv.  15.  —  .Miami  and  the  Keys  of  l-'lorida.  (Malia- 
mas,  W.  Ind.) 

7.  SAGER^TIA,  P.rongn.  (Named  for  Augiistin  Sageret,  a  French 
liorticulturist  and  vegetable  physiologist.) — Trailing,  scrambling,  or  spreading 
shrubs  with  spiny  divaricate  twigs,  mostly  obliquely  opposite  often  serrulate  jiin- 
nately  veined  glossy  leaves  of  medium  size  with  minute  stipules,  and  nearly 
sessile  flowers  forming  interrupted  axillary  spikes  often  aggregated  into  rigid 
compound  clusters  at  ends  of  the  branches.  —  M^m.  Rhamn.  52,  &  Ann. 
Sci.  Nat.  X.  359;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  175;  r.enth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  37:t : 
Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  79;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  L..uis  Acad.  v.  'MW.  -MM; 
Weberbauer  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  40S.  — Mostly  of 
the  Asiatic  region. 


406  RIIAMNACE.E.  Sofferelia. 

S.  Michauxii,  Broxgn.  Trailing  or  scrambling:  twigs  somewhat  angled,  becoming  te- 
rete, at  tiist  toiuentose  :  leaves  ovate,  mostly  cordate,  acute  or  acuminate,  somewhat  mucro- 
uate,  incurvcd-serrulate  or  ou  lax  shoots  sharply  serrate;  the  larger  about  1^  inches  long, 
their  tomentose  petioles  1  or  2  lines  long ;  veins  beueatii  and  occasionally  tiie  surface  some- 
what tomentose :  inflorescence  at  length  am])le,  loose,  leafless  above,  terminating  the  upper 
branches,  the  lower  spikes  spreading  from  tlie  axils  of  the  ui)perniost  foliar  leaves :  flowers 
very  fragrant :  fruit  4  lines  long,  sessile.  —  Mem.  Klianin.  .53,  &  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  x.  3G0 ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  263  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  176,  t.  166  ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  358; 
Trelease,  1.  c.  367.  Rham7ius  minutiflorus,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  154;  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  152;  Pursh,  Fl. 
i.  166;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  289;  DC.  Prodr.  ii.  27.  Afarca  parviflora,  Raf.  Silv.  Tellur.  30. 
Segregatia  Michauxii,  Wood,  Cla.ss-Book,  ed.  of  1861,  292.  —  South  Carolina  to  Alabama, 
around  the  coast. 

S.  "Wrightii,  Watson.  Shrubby,  as  much  as  ten  feet  high  :  leaves  elliptical  or  obovate, 
not  cordate,  glabrescent,  half  inch  to  nearly  an  inch  long :  inflorescence  often  simpler, 
with  mostly  short  lateral  branches.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xx.  358;  Trelease,  1.  c.  367. — 
W.  Texas  to  tlie  Sta.  Rita  Mountains  of  Arizona.     (Northern  Mex.,  Lower  Calif.) 

8.  RHAMNUS,  Tourn.  Buckthorn.  ('Pa/ivos,  the  ancient  Greek  name 
of  the  Buckthorn.)  —  Shrubs  or  small  trees,  mostly  spineless,  with  alternate, 
obliquely  opposite  or  opposite,  entire  to  serrulate  or  pungently  toothed  pinnately 
veined  mostly  thin  and  ample  leaves  with  often  lanceolate  but  caducous  stipules, 
and  small  sometimes  dioecious  flowers  solitary  in  the  lower  axils  or  in  sessile  or 
peduncled  axillary  umbels.  — Inst.  593,  t.  366  ;  L.  Gen.  no.  165  ;  Brongn.  Mem. 
llhamn.  53,  &  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  x.  362  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  179  ;  Benth.  &  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  377  ;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  74 ;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  361,  365  ; 
Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  31  ;  "VVeberbauer  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ah. 
5,  409.  —  Includes  Frangula,  sometimes  kept  apart.  Cosmopolitan  but  chiefly  of 
the  north-temperate  zone. 

*    Flowers  mostly  polygamo-dicecious,  appearing  nearly  with  the  leaves,  without  a  common 
peduncle:  seeds  grooved  down  the  back  (except  in  R.  ulnifolia),  the  rhaphe  lying  in  the 
groove  ;  cotyledons  relatively  thin,  curved  with  the  seed  :  winter  buds  scaly. 
•i—  Leaves  firm  though  rather  thin,  evergreen,  often  pungently  tootlied  :  flowers  4-merous  : 
fruit  red,  the  mostly  2  cocci  widely  dehiscent  on  the  inner  angle. 
R.  crocea,  Nutt.     Spreading  shrub  or  rarely  arborescent,  with  rather  rod  bark  :  twigs  di- 
varicate, puberulent  or  glabrescent,  often  ending  in  blunt  spines:  leaves  alternate  or  fas- 
cicled, glossy,  mostly  bronzed  beneath,  glabrous  or  somewhat  puberulent  on  the  petiole  and 
midrib  beneath,  nearly  round  to  broadly  ovate  or  elliptical,  emarginate  tomucronate-acumi- 
nate,  glandular-dentate  or  bidenticulate,  3  to  12  lines,  their  petioles  1  or  2  lines   long: 
flowers  mostly  apetalous :  fruit  2  or  3  lines  long :  pedicels  at  length  1  to  2  or  exceptionally 
3  lines  long.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  261  ;  Jour.  Hort.  Soc.  London,  vi.  217,  with  fig. ; 
Wats.  Cat.  PI.  Wheeler,  7,  &  Proc  Am.  Acad.  xi.  114;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  100; 
M.  K.  Curran,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  251  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  365  ;  Sargent,  Card.  &  For. 
ii.  364,  &  Silv.  ii.  33,  t.  59.    R.  ilici/olia,  Kell.  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  37.  —  California,  from 
Mariposa  County  southward,  chiefly  in  the  Coast  Range.     (Lower  Calif.) 

Var.  insularis,  Sargent,  is  an  arborescent  form  differing  in  its  grayer  bark,  larger 
less  toothed  leaves,  longer  flowers  and  fruit  (commonly  3  lines  long),  and  said  to  flower  six 
weeks  later  than  the  ordinary  form.  —  Gard.  &  For.  ii.  364,  &  Silv.  ii.34,  t.  60.  R.  insularis, 
Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  392,  &  Pittonia,  i.  201.  R.  pirifolia,  Greene,  Pittonia,  iii. 
15.  —  Islands  of  California  and  Lower  California  from  Sta.  Barbara  southward,  also  about 
San  Diego. 

Var.  pilosa,  Trelease,  is  a  form  with  the  mostly  larger,  toothed'  leaves,  and  the 
inflorescence,  strikingly  gray-velvety.  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  251,  &  Trans.  St. 
Louis  Acad.  v.  365;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  33.  —  San  Diego  County,  California,  passing  into  the 
ty]ie  through  Arizona  specimens,  Palmer,  Jones. 


R/iamHus.  RIIAMNACE.E.  407 

•4 — I—  Leaves  deciduous,  never  i)Uii;;eiit :  fruit  bttoiiiiiig  iicurl v  lilack  ;  cocci  at  nioht  tardily 
deiiisceut. 

++  I'etali)  present :  flowers  mostly  4-nierous. 

=  Long  shoots  ending  in  spines:  leaves  suboj)[x)8ite. 
R.  catiiArtica,  L.  Becoming  a  small  rough-l»arked  tree  witli  glaltmus  mottled  twigs  :  leaves 
broadly  elliptical  to  sul)Ovate,  somewhat  acute  at  base,  often  Idunt-ixjinted,  crenulate  or 
serrulate,  more  or  less  pubescent  on  the  veins  beneath  (some  of  the  veins  running  to  the 
apex),  1  to  2  inches  long,  on  slender  petioles:  flowers  ajipearing  shortly  after  the  leaves, 
mostly  solitary  in  the  lower  axils:  jjcdicels  glabrous,  3  f)r  4  lines  long:  carjjels  3  or  4  : 
groove  of  seed  deep  and  narrow. — Spec.  i.  19:5;  Hrongn.  Mc'm.  Hbamii.  7fi,  t.  2,  f.  4 ;  Torr. 
&  (Jray,  Fl.  i.  261  ;  Nutt.  Silv.  ii.  53;  Millspaugh,  Med.  I'l.  i.  t.  41  ;  Treleaxe,  1.  c.  365.— 
A  hedge  plant,  escaping  somewhat  in  the  East,  said  to  be  abun<iaiit  in  \'irginia,  Vunhy. 
(Introd.  from  Old  World.) 
=  =  Not  spinose  :  leaves  4-ranked  iu  iuterruj)ted  decussate  j)airs,  or  on  leaders  unifijrmly 

distributed. 
R.  lanceolata,  Pirsh.  Tall  shrub :  the  gray  brauchlets  pubcrulent  or  glabratc :  leaves 
lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  rounded  or  acute  at  base,  from  rounded  Itecoming  blunt-jiointed 
wlieii  grown,  minutely  incurved-serrulate,  finely  piuuately  veined,  from  golden-pul)erulent 
becoming  mostly  glabrous  at  least  above,  1  to  3  iuches  long,  short-petioled  :  flowers  appear- 
ing with  the  leaves,  2  or  3  in  each  of  the  lower  axils  :  pedicels  at  length  glabrescent,  1  to 
3  lines  long:  carpels  2  :  seed  with  a  broad  open  groove. — Fl.  i.  166;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
261  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  180,  t.  168;  Trelease,  1.  c.  365;  Greene,  Erythea,  iv.  85.  Ii'  Short  ii, 
Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  vii.  91.  A*,  purvifolius,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c.  202.  R.  Smithii,  Greene, 
Pittonia,  iii.  17,  &.  Erythea,  iv.  1.34.  —  Pennsylvania  to  Colorado,  Central  Texas,  and 
Alabama. 

++  ++  Apetalous  :  flowers  5-merous  :  seeds  scarcely  grooved  :  twigs  not  spinose. 
R.  alnifolia,  L'IIkr.  Lowsiuub:  the  gray  or  mottled  branches  mostly  pubcrulent :  leaves 
elliptical,  obtuse  to  mostly  acuminate,  more  coarsely  incurved-serratc  or  biserrate,  with 
coarse  upcurved  veins,  soon  glabrate  except  for  some  veins,  1  to  mostly  4  inches  long : 
flowers  appearing  nearly  with  the  leaves,  solitary  or  2  or  3  together  in  the  lower  a.xils : 
pedicels  glabrate,  1  to  4  lines  long:  carpels 3:  seed  flat,  with  flat  thin  cotyledons.  —  Sert. 
Angl.  5  ;  Guirap.  Otto  &  Hayue,  Abbild.  llolzart.  77,  t.  61  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Ain.  i.  122,  t.  42  ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  262  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  180  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  100 ;  Trelea.<e, 
Lc.  366;  Greene,  Erythea,  iv.  86.  A'. /W»H^((/o(Wes,  Michx.  i'l.  i.  153  ;  Pursii,  Fl.  i.  166.  Gir- 
tanneria  aini/o/ia,  &  G.  franguloidex,  Raf.  Sylv.  Tellnr.  28.  —  Swamps,  Maine  to  Brit. 
Columbia,  south  to  New  Jersey  in  the  East,  and  iu  the  West  to  Wyoming,  Oregon,  and  the 
mountains  of  Northern  California. 
«t   *   Flowers  mostly  perfect,  appearing  after  the  leaves,  most  of  the  umbels  pedunculate : 

fruit  becoming  nearly  idack  ;  cocci  at  most  tardily  dehiscent ;  seeds  notched  at  base,  not 

grooved,  with  lateral   rhaphe ;   cotyledons  thick  and  fleshy  :    winter  buds  naked,  hairy : 

leaves  alternate.  —  §  Frangula. 

R,  Caroliniana,  Walt.  Tall  shrub  or  small  tree  witli  more  or  less  pubcrulent  gray  or 
re<ldish  often  mottled  twigs:  leaves  oblong-elliptical,  mostly  acute  or  acuminate,  minutely 
revolute,  entire  to  remotely  and  obscurely  low-serrate  or  crenulate,  coarsely  pinnately 
veined  and  sometimes  with  conspicuous  transverse  connecting  veinlcts,  pul)erulent  below  or 
glal)rescent,  2  to  5  inches  long,  firm,  sometimes  glossy,  short-])etioled,  deciduous:  peduncle 
1  to  4  lines  long,  not  exceeding  the  petioles;  i>edicels  2  or  3  lines  long,  both  usually  hairy  : 
flowers  5-merous  :  carpels  3.  —  Car.  101 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  262 ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  50,  t.  59  : 
Trelease,  1.  c.  366  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  35,  t.  61  ;  fJreene,  Erythea,  iv.  135.  Frangula  Jragilis, 
Raf.  Fl.  Ludov.  97.  F.  Caroliniana,  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  178,  t.  167.  Sarcompfialtts  Caro- 
linianus,  Raf.  Sylv.  Tellur.  29.  —  Missouri  to  North  Carolina,  Florida,  and  Texas. 

R.  Fr.^nocla,  L.  Small  tree:  leaves  broadly  ellijitical  to  mo.stly  obovate,  frei|uently  acumi- 
nate, usually  cuneately  narrowed  at  base,  entire  or  very  minutely  denticulate,  about  2  imlie.^ 
long,  thin,  very  .slender-petioled  :  pedicels  usually  in.<erteil  directly  on  the  .-Jtem  :  other»i.>;c 
resembling  the  preceding  species.  —  Spec.  i.  193;  Greene,  Erythea,  iv.  136;  Pollard,  Bot. 


408  RHAMNACE.E.  PJiamnus. 

Gaz.  xxi.  235.  — Established  in  swamps  at  New  Durliam  and  Secaucus,  N.  J.,  and  on  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.     (lutrod.  from  Eu.) 

R.  Purshiana,  DC.  Small  or  medium-sized  tree  with  somewhat  yellow-pubescent  often 
greenish  gray  (or  reddish  !)  twigs  :  leaves  broadly  elliptical,  rounded  or  slightly  cordate  at 
base,  very  obtuse  to  abruptly  blunt-pointed,  slightly  if  at  all  revolute,  often  undulate,  irregu- 
larly and  closely  spreading-serrulate  or  denticulate,  coarsely  pinuately  veined  and  mo.stly 
with  evident  transverse  veinlets  (the  midrib  broad  and  usually  pale  as  seen  from  the  uj)per 
surface),  usually  persistently  short-villous  beneath  and  on  the  veius  above,  2  to  6  inches  long, 
rather  thin,  deciduous  ;  the  short  petioles  downy  :  peduncles  4  to  15  lines  long,  at  least  the 
upper  longer  than  the  petioles  ;  pedicels  2  or  3  lines  long  :  flowers  5-merous :  carpels  3.  — 
Prodr.  ii.  25  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Ain.  i.  123,  t.  43;  Torr.  &  Gray,  El.  i.  262  ;  Brew.  &  Wats. 
Bot.  Calif,  i.  101  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  366;  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  iv.  75,  &  Silv.  ii.  37,  t.  G3,  iu 
part;  Rusby,  Druggists'  Bull.  iv.  334,  f.  1,  8.  Cnrdiolepis  obtiisa,  Raf.  Sylv.  Tellur.  28. 
Frangula  Purshiana,  Coop.  Smithson.  Rep.  1858,  259.  — Northern  Idaho  to  Brit.  Columbia, 
Washington,  Oregon,  and,  in  less  characteristic  form,  the  Sierras  of  Northern  California. 
A  form  from  Placer  County,  California,  Carpenter,  with  obovoid  cuueate  leaves  3  to  5  inches 
long,  is  R.  anonrv/olia,  Greene,  I'ittonia,  iii.  16.  A  form  approaching  the  next,  with  elliptical 
obtuse  coriaceous  leaves  about  2  inches  long,  with  midrib  exposed  above  and  the  inflores- 
cence reaching  to  the  middle  of  the  blade,  is  R.  occidentalis,  Howell,  Pacif.  Coast  PI.  1887; 
Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  15;  Rusby,  1.  c  335,  f.  6,  7  ;  R.  Californica,  K.  Brandegee,  Zoe,  i.  241, 
from  Waldo  County,  Oregon,  Howell. 

R.  Californica,  Eschs.  Tall  shrub  or  exceptionally  arborescent,  with  somewhat  tomentose 
green  to  purple  twigs  :  leaves  elliptical,  mostly  rounded  at  base,  olituse  to  subacute,  mostly 
a  little  revolute,  entire,  serrulate,  or  denticulate,  prominently  pinnately  veined  (the  midrib  a 
mere  sunken  often  granular  impressed  line  as  seen  from  above),  glabrate  or  short-tomentose 
on  the  veins  beneath,  often  somewhat  glossy  below,  1  to  3  or  rarely  4  or  5  inches  long,  ever- 
green in  the  warmer  districts  and  then  often  reticulated ;  the  short  petioles  tomentulose : 
peduncles  2  to  8  lines  long,  not  commonly  much  exceeding  the  petioles  ;  pedicels  1  to  3  lines 
long,  both  glabrous  or  puberulent :  flowers  4-5-merous  :  fruit  subglobose ;  the  cocci  mostly 
2,  large  and  usually  not  attenuated  at  base.  —  Mem.  Acad.  St.  Pe'tersb.  ser.  6,  x.  285  ;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Fl.  i.  263  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  101 ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  366 ;  M.  K.  Curran,  Proc. 
CalLf.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i,  252  ;  K.  Brandegee,  Zoe,  i.  240  ;  Rusby,  1.  c.  335,  f.  2,  3, 9.  R.  olei- 
foUus,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  123,  t.  44  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  260;  Rev.  Hort.  1874,354,  f.47. 
R.  laurifolius,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  260.  R.  leucodermis,  Nutt.  1.  c.  261.  R.  Piirs/ii- 
ana,  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  37,  t.  62,  in  part.  Endotropis  oleifolia,  Raf.  Sylv.  Tellur.  31.  Perfonon 
laurifolium,  Raf.  1.  c.  29.  Frangula  Californica,  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  178.  —  Throughout  Cali- 
fornia. A  form  with  large  elliptical  leaves  sometimes  over  5  inches  long,  from  Mendocino, 
Bolander,  and  Pasadena,  Brandegee,  approaches  the  preceding. 

Var.  betulaefolia,  Tkelease,  n.  comb.  A  form  approaching  the  preceding  species, 
with  thin  elliptical  minutely  serrulate  obtuse  or  bluntly  acuminate  leaves  about  4  inches 
long.  —  R.  hetulafolia,  Greene,  Pittonia,  iii.  16.  —  Guadalupe  Mountains,  Texas,  Havard,  and 
Mogollon  Mountains,  New  Mexico,  Rusbi/. 

Var.  rubra,  Trelease,  1.  c.  367.  A  scarcely  separable  form  with  slender  glabrous  red 
twigs,  oblong-lanceolate  or  very  narrowly  obovate  thin  deciduous  nearly  glabrate  leaves 
scarcely  2  inches  long,  with  the  midrib  often  more  visible  above,  and  mostly  obovoid  fruit 
with  the  cocci  attenuate  below.  —  R.  rubra,  Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  68,  160.  R.  Purs/iiana, 
Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  t.  63,  f.  3.  —  Eastern  slope  of  the  Sierras  (Truckee  and  the  Upper 
Sacramento). 

Var.  tomentella.  Brew.  &  Wats.  With  tomentose  reddish  twigs,  revolute  mostly 
entire  evergreen  leaves  persistently  yellow-tomentose  below,  and  peduncles  commonly  exceed- 
ing the  petioles.  —  Bot.  Calif,  i.  io'l  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  367.  R.  tomentella,  Benth.  PI.  Hartw. 
303  ;  Rusby,  Druggists'  Bull.  iv.  335,  f.  4,  5  ;  K.  Brandegee,  Zoe,  i.  244.  R.  Purshiana,  var. 
tomentella,  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  39,  t.  6.3,  f.  2.  —  Extends  from  Southern  California  to  Arizona 
and  New  Mexico,  and  is  connected  with  the  type  of  the  species  by  occasional  specimens 
from  more  northern  parts  of  its  range,  Brownsville,  /////,  Sta.  Cruz  Mountains  and  Alta, 
Brandegee. 


Ceanothus.  Kl  lA.M  XACK.i:.  4()9 

9.  CEANOTHUS,  L.  Niw  .Ikkskv  Tka,  Cai.ih.kma  Lii.ac.  (Kca- 
voi^os,  u  nauic  applii^l  by  Tlicopliiastus  to  soinu  prickly  plant,  and  lranKf«Tre<l  to 
this  <,'eiius  l)y  Liiiiiii'iis.)  —  Slirui)s  or  rarely  small  trt-es  with  often  divaricate 
sometimes  spiny  t\vi<,'s,  alternate  or  opposite  fre.juently  serrate  .'i-nerved  or  pin- 
nately  veined  usually  ample  leaves  with  minute  or  spon<,'y-thickened  stijtules,  and 
small  but  showy  white,  blue,  or  j.urplish  flowers  in  often  lon;r-peduncled  dense 
axillary  or  terminal  clusters.  —  Act.  Soc.  Upsal.  1741,  77,  &  Gen.  ed.  f).  no.  2G7  ; 
Brongn.  Mem.  Hliamn.  G2,  &  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  .\.  'MV,) ;  (Jray.  (Jen.  111.  ii.  181  ; 
Benth.  ifc  Hook.  Gen.  i.  378  ;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  .'i.J.'J  ;  Haill.  Hist.  PI. 
vi.  80  ;  Trelease,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  lOG,  &  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad. 
V.  301;  Parry,  Proc.  Davenp.  Acad.  v.  102,  185;  K.  lirandegee,  Proc.  Calif, 
Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  iv.  174;  Weberbauer  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  PHanzenf.  iii. 
Ab.  5,  412. —  Chiefly  of  the  Western  United  States,  a  few  in  Mexico  and  the 
Atlantic  States. 

*  Leaves  alternate,  not  pungent,  entire  or  mostly  ghindular-tootlied ;  stipulfs  thin  ami 
mostly  fugacious:  fruit  sometimes  keeled  or  crested  on  the  back  of  the  carpels,  but  with- 
out dorsal  \\OTns.  —  Euceanothus. 
■^  1.  Leaves  amitle  in  all  but  the  last,  thin,  3-nerved,  toothed,  deciduous  :  twigs  subterete, 
neither  rigidl.v  divaricate  nor  spinose:  inflorescence  rather  simjile  and  mosth-  c<mipacti 
at  the  ends  of  leaHess  or  nearly  leafless  peduncles :  flowers  white :  fruit  about  2  lines  in 
diameter. 

++   Peduncles  often  rather  stout,  usually  from  lateral  buds  of  the  old  w 1. 

C.  sanguineus,  I'irsu.  Tall  shrub,  with  puqde  or  reddish  glabn.us  twigs:  leaves  broadly 
ellij.tical,  varying  to  ovate  obovate  or  orbicui.-vr,  nninded  or  cordulnte  at  ba.se,  very  obtuse, 
palir  beneath,  socm  glabrous  or  with  a  few  long  hairs  on  the  veins  beneath,  serrate,  1  to  .3 
inches  long,  their  freijuently  somewhat  villous  petioles  about  a  third  as  long:  peduncles 
4  or  5  inches  long,  pale,  fngaciously  villous,  tloriferous  on  the  upper  half  or  occiusionally 
bearing  scattered  corymbs  from  the  b.ase  up:  capsules  obovoid,  somewhat  lobed  at  top, 
nearly  smooth  and  c  rest  less.  —  Fl.  i.  167;  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  153;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  26.5,  in 
part;  Hook.  Fl.  IJor.-Am.  i.  125;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  334;  Trelease,  Proc.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  107,  114;  I'arry,  Proc.  Davenp.  Acad.  v.  168;  K.  firandegee,  Proc.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  iv.  180.  (J.  Oref/ami.i,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  265;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  5177. —  Brit.  Columbia  to  N.  California,  Vreka,  Greene,  and  Idaho. 

++  ++  Peduncles  slender,  from  leafy  shoots  of  the  present  season. 
C.  ovatus,  Desk.  Low  shrub,  with  at  length  brownish  or  purplish  tomentose  or  puberulent 
glabnscent  twigs:  leaves  rather  narrowly  elliptical,  rounded  or  mostly  acute  at  base,  obtuse 
to  acute,  scarcely  paler  beneath,  becoming  glabrous  and  glossy,  crenate-serrulate,  1  to  2 
inches  long ;  their  petioles  mostly  2  or  3  lines  long :  flowers  in  a  single  often  short-pedun- 
cled  corymb  terminating  the  branch,  or  a  few  additional  similar  or  longer-pedunded  clus- 
ters from  the  upper  leaf-axils :  capsules  nearly  globo.se,  somewhat  lobod  at  top.  smooth  and 
cre.>itle.«»s.  — Hist.  Arbr.  &  Arbris.  ii.  381  ;  Wats.  1.  c. ;  Trele:use.  1.  c.  108;  Parrv,  1.  c. ;  K. 
Brandegee,  1.  c.  179,  180.  C.  ova/is,  Bigol.  Fl.  Bo.st.  ed.  2,  92;  Torr.  &  Grav,  Fl.  i.  265. 
686  :  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  145,  t.  20.  C.  ffl,in,l,il„sus,  Raf.  New  Fl.  Am.  iii.  57.  —  New  England 
to  Manitoba,  Color.ado,  Texas,  and  Alabama.  In  the  Southwest  the  larger  leaves  are  not 
infre(|uently  ovate,  but  <leep  green  on  both  surf.ices  and  of  the  texture  usual  in  C.  oratns. 

Var.  pubescens,  Tokr.  &  Ghav.  Persistently  dingy  villous-tomento.-ie  :  the  dull  leaves 
usually  very  iiroadly  elliptical :  inflorescence  of  two  or  three  corymbs  near  the  top  of  the 
often  more  elongated  peduncle. —Torr.  &  (Jray,  ace.  to  W.ats.  Bibl.  Index,  166;  Trelea>*e, 
I.e.  108.  C.mollissimiis, Torr.  in  Fremont,  Rep.  88.  —  Western  limits  of  the  species.  A|>- 
proaching  the  next. 

C.  Anaericanus,  L.  (Nkw  .Ikrsey  Tka.)  Low  shrub  with  green  or  at  length  dull  pur- 
plish tomentose,  puberulent  or  glabrous  twigs:  leaves  ovate,  rounded  at  baj^e,  or  rounded  to 


410  RHAMXACE.E.  Ceanothus. 

the  lateral  nerves  and  then  abruptly  cuneate,  obtuse  to  mostly  acute  or  somewhat  acuminate, 
paler  beneath,  dull,  spariuj^ly  pubescent  to  dingy-tomeutose,  finely  and  irregularly  serrate, 
1^  to  3  inches  long;  their  pubescent  or  glabrate  petioles  3  to  6  lines  long:  flower-clusters 
from  several  of  the  upper  axils  as  well  as  terminal ;  the  long  ascending  peduncles  naked  or 
l-2leaved  above,  somewhat  thyrsoidly  branched :  capsules  globose,  little  lobed,  somewhat 
roughened  and  crested.  —  Spec.  i.  195;  Lam.  111.  t.  129,  f.  1  ;  Schk.  Haudb.  i.  152,  t.  46; 
Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1479;  Nouv.  Duham.  vi.  t.  31 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  264;  Gray,  Gen.  111. 
ii.  182,  t.  169;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  333;  Trelease,  1.  c.  108;  Parry,  1.  c.  168;  K. 
Brandeo-ce,  1.  c.  179.  C.  tritiervus,  Ma-nch,  Meth.  651.  C.  tardijiorus,  llornem.  Hort.  Hafn. 
230.  C.  perennis,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  167.  C.  herbaceus,  Kaf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  360.  C.  offici- 
nalis, Raf.  Med.  Bot.  ii.  205.  —  Canada  to  the  Great  Lakes,  S.  Carolina,  Louisiana,  and 
Texas.  The  western  form  commonly  with  firmer  more  tomentose  leaves  and  more  up- 
riglit  peduncles,  ami  iu  some  specimens  scarcely  separable  from  the  preceding  variety.  The 
lowermost  leaves  arc  fr.(iuently  elliptical  and  more  coarsely  toothed  than  the  upper. 

Var.  intermedius,  Treleask,  u.  comb.  Low  shrub  with  slender  branches:  leaves 
ovate  to  ovate-lauceolate,  mostly  less  than  an  inch  long,  short-petioled :  peduncles  very 
slender,  mostly  numerous ;  the  small  often  subsimple  inflorescence  at  their  ends  :  otherwise 
as  in  the  type.—  C.  intermedius,  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  167.— Tennessee  (ace.  to  Pursh)  and  S.  Caro- 
lina, Goose  Creek,  Hexamer  &  Maier,  to  Louisiana,  New  Orleans,  Drumvwnd,  no.  73,  and 
Florida. 
C.  serpyllifolius,  Nutt.  Low  decumbent  shrub,  with  reddish  finely  puberulent  twigs, 
leaves  elliptic-ovate,  crenate-serrulate,  coarsely  appressed-hairy  on  the  veins,  3  or  4  lines 
long  and  1  to  3  lines  wide :  peduncles  elongated,  naked  except  at  base  of  the  few-flowered 
corymb.- Gen.  i.  154;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  266;  Chapm.  Fl.  74;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 
X.  335  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  108 ;  Parry,  1.  c.  172.  C.  microphyUus,  var.  serpyllifolius,  Wood,  Class- 
Book,  ed.  of  1861,  291.  C.  fnicrophylhcs,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  180,  in  part.  — S.  Florida, 
Nuttall.  Closely  allied  to  C.  Americanus,  var.  intermedius,  from  which  it  differs  chiefly 
in  size. 
•i-  2.     Leaves  very  small  (1  or  2  lines  long),  3-nerved,  finely  glandular-toothed:    twigs 

terete,  slender,  neither  rigidly  divaricate  nor  spiuose :  inflorescence  small,  nearly  simple, 

corvmbose  or  subracemose,  terminal  and  usually  sessile  on  mauy  of  the  branches ;  flowers 

white :  fruit  about  2  lines  in  diameter. 
C.  microphallus,  Michx.  Low  spreading  shrub,  with  green  or  at  length  reddish  nearly 
glabrous  branches  and  numerous  ascending  very  slender  twigs:  leaves  minute,  often  fas- 
cicled, obovate  or  elliptical,  sparsely  and  fugaciously  short-strigose  below,  very  short-peti- 
oled :  .peduncles  not  over  4  lines  long,  often  leafy  throughout  or  at  the  very  top,  the  corymb 
half  inch  in  diameter :  capsules  little  lobed,  smooth  and  crestless.  —  Fl.  i.  154  ;  Nutt.  Gen. 
1.  154;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  266;  Chapm.  Fl.  74;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  335;  Trelease, 
1.  c.  107  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  172;  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  180.  — Florida,  mainly  in  sandy  barrens. 
•i—  3.     Leaves  ample,  firm,  3-nerved,  closely  dentate-serrate  :  twigs  slightly  angled  or  terete, 

neither  glaucous  nor  spiuose  :  inflorescence  ample,  compound. 
C.  velutinus,  Dolgl.  Large  shrub  :  twigs  olive,  buff,  or  at  length  brown,  puberulent, 
terete:  leaves  broadly  elliptical,  mostly  subcordate  to  the  lateral  nerves  near  the  ba.se, 
thence  cuneate,  very  obtuse,  dark  green,  glabrous  and  usually  heavily  varnished  above, 
minutely  canescent  beneath,  2  or  3  inches  long;  their  stout  petioles  often  8  lines  long: 
peduncles  somewhat  angled,  minutely  and  rather  sparingly  puberulent:  flowers  white: 
capsules  subglobose,  2  to  2^  lines  in  diameter,  deeply  lobed  at  top,  smooth  or  minutely 
roughened,  nearly  crestless.  —  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  125,  t.  45;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  5165;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  265;  Wats.  1.  c.  334;  Trelea.'se,  1.  c.  110;  Parry,  1.  c.  160;  K. 
Brandegee,  1.  c.  1 89.  —  Mountains  from  the  Columbia  River  to  Central  California,  Nevada, 
Colorado,  and  the  Dakotas.     Strongly  cinnamon-scented. 

Var.  laevigatus,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Subarborescent :  leaves  glabrous,  light  green  and 
somewhat  glaucous  below :  inflorescence  mostly  more  ample  and  compound :  capsules  glo- 
bose, 3  lines  in  diameter,  less  lobed,  smooth,  .somewhat  crested.  —  Fl.  i.  686;  Wats.  Bibl. 
Index,  167;  Trelease,  1.  c.  110.  C.  lavir/atus,  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  125;  Davy, 
Gard.  Chron.  .ser.  3,  xx.  363.  —  Mountains  of  California,  Mendocino  Co.,  Kellogg,  Napa 
Co.,  Brandegee,  Humboldt  Co.,  Rattan. 


Ceatiothus.  Itll  A.MNAfK.K.  41| 

C.  arboreus,  Okkknk.  Small  tno.  with  at  first  angled  prav-iiul.cruloiit  at  length  glal.ns- 
ifiit  n(l(li>h  iitid  glossy  twigs:  Icavis  oUiptic-ovaic,  Mul>t:«r<luto  or  rouiidf<l  at  liiwe,  or 
alirnpilv  short-iiiiieate  along  the  lateral  nerves,  mostly  ohtuse  to  suliacutc,  dark  green,  dull 
and  glahrate  or  microscopically  downy  above,  densely  hut  microscopicaily  white-tonientoso 
beneath,  l^  to  .'3  inches  long;  their  stout  canescent  peticdes  4  lines  long:  pe<luncle8  <anes- 
cent :  Howers  jjale  blue  :  capsules  suliglobose  or  depressed,  4  lines  in  diameter,  wareely  lolK?d, 
wrinkled,  strongly  cristate. —  Hull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  144;  TreleiUM-,  1.  c.  110,  115;  I'arrv, 
1.  c.  169,  187;  Hramlegee,  I'roc.  Calif.  Acail.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  20H  ;  K.  IJraudegee,  1.  c.  192. 
C.  i-etiiliiiiis,  var.  iiiliiiniis,  Sargent,  (iard.  &  For.  ii.  304,  &  Silv,  ii.  4.5,  t  0.5.  —  Islands  off  tho 
Californian  coast,  Sta.  Cruz,  (intne,  Sla.  Calalina,  AullnU,  Lyon,  Jhu-iilsmi,  Bntudegte, 
FriUhey,  Mrs.  Trask. 

■t— 4.     Leaves  medium-sized,  rather  thin,  normally  entire:    inflorescence  comj)OUhd,  elon- 
gated, on  few-leaved  branches :  fruit  2  to  3  lines  in  diameter. 

-H-  Twigs  slightly  angled  when  young,  neither  rigidly  divaricate  nor  spinose:  leaves  decid- 
uous, at  least  the  largest  3-nerved,  mostly  ohtu.se :  inflorescence  commonly  rather  den.se. 
C.  parvifolius,  Trki.e.vsk.  slender  and  low,  with  olive  glabrous  flexible  twigs:  leaves 
elliptical,  acute  at  base,  mostly  mucronulate,  glai)rous,  4  to  8  lines  long:  inflorescence 
oblong,  subsimjile,  about  an  inch  long ;  the  naked  peduncle  2  or  3  inches  long :  flowers  blue  : 
cai)sulcs  2^  lines  iu  diameter,  nearly  smooth  and  crestle.ss.  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2, 
i.  110.  C.  inti(jeirimus,  var.?  jxirvijionis,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  334.  C.  inteyerrimus, 
var.  '.  parvifolius,  Wats.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  102;  K.  Hrandegce,  1.  c.  183.  ('.  inteyerrimus.  Parry, 
1.  c.  172,  in  part.  —  California,  in  the  Yoseniite  region. 

C.  Andersoni,  Parrv.  Tall  shrub,  with  green  or  at  length  ])urplisli  glabrescent  twigs: 
leaves  narrowly  ellijitical  or  ellii)tic-oblong.  mostly  acute  at  base,  usually  very  obtu.se,  often 
mucronulate,  half  inch  to  inch  long:  inflorescence  from  narrow  to  quite  broad,  2  (when 
simple)  to  4  inches  (when  com])ound)  long,  or  in  fruit  double  this  length,  equalled  by  the 
often  nearly  leafless  at  length  rather  stout  peduncles:  flowers  white  :  capsules  nearly  gl<»- 
bose,  2  lines  in  diameter,  lobe,!,  smooth  and  crestless.  —  Proc.  Davenp.  Acad.  v.  172. 
('.  iiitiyerrimiis,  K.  IJraudegee,  1.  c.  181,  in  part.  —  Sta.  Cruz  Mountains,  California. 

C.  integerrimus,  Hook.  &  Aus.  Tall  shrub  with  green  or  at  length  somewhat  brown 
glabrescent  sometimes  irregularly  and  sparlugly  low-verruco.se  rather  stiff  twigs  :  leaves 
broadly  ellii)tical  to  ovate,  rounded  at  base,  sometimes  acute,  somewhat  loosely  hairy  above 
at  least  when  young,  lighter  green  and  glabrescent  or  with  a  few  soft  hairs  beneath,  1  to  3 
inches  long,  their  very  slender  somewhat  long-hairy  petioles  3  or  4  lines  long  :  inflorescence 
3  or  4  to  6  or  7  inches  long,  1  to  4  inches  thick  :  flowers  blue  varying  to  white  :  capsules 
sub])yriform,  2|  to  3  lines  in  diameter,  somewhat  lobed  at  top,  nearly  smooth,  and  with  low 
but  broad  deeply  dorsal  evanescent  crests.  —  Bot.  Heccli.  329  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  686  ; 
Wats.  1.  c.  334  ;  Trelea.se,  1.  c.  109  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  172,  in  part;  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  181, in  part. 
C.  Californicus,  Kellogg,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  5.5.  C.  Nemdeiisis,  Kellogg,  1.  c.  ii.  152, 
f.  45.  C.  thyrslflorus,  var.  macrothyrsus,  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  Exped.  263.  —  Klikitat  Co., 
Wa^shington,  Suksdorf,  to  the  Yosemite  region,  California;  S.  E.  Arizona,  Smart,  Leinmou, 
Palmer.  No  characters  have  as  yet  been  detected  by  which  the  specimens  from  Arizona  cau 
be  separated,  although  far  out  of  the  usual  range  of  the  species. 

++   ++  Twigs  usually  angled,  often  twisted :  leaves  evergreen,  rather  firm  or  even  cori- 
aceous, most  of  them  obscurely  if  at  all  3-nerved  :  inflorescence  lax. 

C.  Palmeri,  Trelease.  Twigs  green,  glabrous,  excei>tionally  glauce.-^cent,  neither  rigi<lly 
divaricate  nor  spinose:  leaves  elliptical  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  rounded  or  sultacute  at  ba.se, 
obtuse  or  emarginate,  green,  slightly  glaucous  on  the  lower  surface,  firm  but  rather  thin, 
soon  nearly  or  (piite  glabrous,  1  to  Ii  inches  long,  their  slender  petioles  2  to  4  lines  long: 
inflorescence  2  to  3  or  at  length  6  inches  long,  the  stout  peduncle  few-leaved  below :  flowers 
white:  ca])sules  about  3  lines  in  diameter,  .somewhat  roughened  and  narrowly  crested. — 
Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  109.  C.  intryrrimus.  Parry,  1.  c.  172,  in  part. —  San  Diego 
Co..  California,  about  Cuiamaca,  Palmer,  Ornttt,  lirandryee. 

C.  spinosus,  NiTT.  Tall  shrub  or  almost  arl)ore.scent,  with  at  length  cinnamon-brown 
more  or  less  divariaite  sparingly  sleuder-spiny  glabrous  twigs:  leaves  elliptical  (on  vigorous 


412  HIIAMXACE.E.  Ceanolhus. 

shoots  occasionallv  ovate,  3-nen'ed,  and  serrate  or  dentate),  rounded  or  subacute  at  base, 
verv  obtuse  to  eiuarginate,  drying  brown  above,  clear  green  beneath,  coriaceous,  soon  nearly 
or  quite  glabrous,  about  an  inch  long,  their  glabrous  or  apj)resseil-])ubcscent  petioles  2  to  4 
lines  long:  peduncles  1  to  2  or  3  inches  long,  from  the  upper  uxils,  tloriferous  for  nearly 
their  whole  length,  aggregated  into  a  large  thyrsus  (5  or  (>  inches  U)ng  and  half  as  tiiick), 
the  upper  part  of  which  is  (juite  leafless :  flowers  pale  blue  :  capsules  depressed,  about  3 
lines  in  diameter,  scarcely  lobed,  smooth,  crestless.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  267  ; 
Wats.  1.  c.  337  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  109  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  172  ;  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  185,  excl.  var.  — 
California,  in  the  Middle  Coast  Range. 

■i—  5.  Leaves  medium-sized  or  in  C.  incaiius  rather  large,  often  thick,  evergreen,  3-nerved, 
sparingly  serrulate  or  occasionally  entire  :  inflorescence  mostly  compound,  ample  in  the 
first :  twigs  terete,  frequently  pruinose,  often  very  divergent  and  rigid,  some  of  them  end- 
ing in  firm  spines. 
C.  divaricatus,  Nutt.  Tall  shrub,  almost  arborescent,  with  olive  glabrous  or  variously 
puberulent  mostly  very  glaucous  twigs :  leaves  ovate,  the  broader  often  slightly  cordate, 
obtuse  or  subacute,  glabrous  and  glaucous  to  gray-tomentose,  the  upper  surface  mostly 
darker,  4  to  10  lines  long,  short-petioled  :  inflorescence  glabrate  or  velvety,  mostly  narrowly 
oblong,  dense,  2  to  3  inches  long  :  flowers  usually  pale  blue  :  capsules  smooth,  2  to  2^  lines 
long,  not  lobed,  scarcely  crested.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  266,  686  ;  Wats.  1.  c.  336  ; 
Trelease,  1.  c.  Ill  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  168.  C.  oliganthus,  var.  hirsutits,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  197,  in 
part. — California,  chiefly  in  the  Southern  Coa.st  Range.  (Lower  Calif.)  Along  water- 
courses at  low  altitudes,  not  forming  thickets.  The  typical  form,  about  Santa  Barbara  and 
perhaps  in  San  Diego  Co.,  has  the  leaves  gray-tomentose  beneath  and  with  a  few  marginal 
serratures.  A  commoner  form,  with  entire  thick  mostly  glabrous  very  glaucous  leaves  and 
often  nearly  white  flowers,  is  var.  eglandulosus,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  7^  (C.  eglanda- 
losns,  Trelease,  1.  c.  110;  C.  spinosus,  var.  Palineri,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  185,  in  large  part). 
The  latter  form  passes  to  the  inconstant  var.  grosse-serratus,  Torr.  1.  c,  Trelease,  1.  c. 
Ill,  with  rather  thick  coarsely  serrate-dentate  leaves,  especially  on  suckers  and  vigorous 
shoots,  and  sometimes  deep  blue  flowers.  A  few  specimens  of  the  species  from  Tehachapi, 
with  more  ample  inflorescence  than  usual  and  flowers  seemingly  white,  may  perhaps  i)e 
crossed  with  C.  integerrimus,  and  what  seems  to  he  a  hybrid  with  C.  spinosus  occurs  about 
Santa  Barbara,  Hnbbi/,  and, in  the  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Parry,  Engelmann. 

C.  COrdulatus,  Kellogg.  Low  flat-topped  shrub,  with  olive  or  brownish  mostly  puberu- 
lent somewhat  glaucous  twigs :  leaves  elliptical  to  nearly  round,  sometimes  cordate,  very 
obtuse,  mostly  denticulate  especially  near  the  apex,  scarcely  6  lines  long,  green,  or  gray- 
])uberuleut  beneath,  the  darker  upper  surface  microscopically  tomentulose  to  usually  nearly 
glabrous,  the  slender  closely  tomentulose  petioles  1  or  2  lines  long  :  inflorescence  minutely 
velvety,  about  an  inch  long,  rather  loose  :  flowers  white  :  capsules  about  2  lines  in  diameter, 
soon  smooth,  slightly  crested,  evidently  lobed  at  top.  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii.  124,  f.  39  ; 
Wats.  1.  c.  337;  Trelease,  1.  c.  Ill  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  168;  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  187.— S.  W. 
Oregon  to  S.  California,  chiefly  in  the  Northern  Sierras.  (Lower  Calif.)  In  dry  soil,  often 
at  higher  altitudes  than  the  last,  forming  thickets.  Varying  in  foliage  toward  C.  incanus, 
the  more  tomentose  Oregon  specimens,  with  more  elliptical  leaves,  perhaps  separable. 
Specimens  from  Mt.  Shasta,  Brandegee,  no.  8,  have  the  fruit  somewhat  verrucose,  as  in 
C.  incanus. 

C.  glaber,  Trelease,  n.  comb.  Small  shrub  with  slender  reddish  at  first  sparsely  and 
minutely  puberulent  rather  closely  soft-verrucose  twigs :  leaves  broadly  ovate.  1  to  H  inches 
long,  rounded  or  subcordate  at  base,  very  obtuse,  the  margin  .serrulate  or  denticulate,  the 
dull  but  slightly  waxen  upper  surface  drying  dark,  both  faces  with  a  few  minute  soft  hairs ; 
the  petioles  about  3  lines  long:  inflorescence  sparingly  puberulent,  2i  inches  long:  the 
rather  few  flowers  white:  capsules  2  to  2h  lines  in  diameter,  deeply  indented,  nearly  crest- 
less,  smooth. —  C.  sored inf lis,  var.  glabra,  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  51.  C.  rordulatus  Xvehi- 
tinits,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  188.  —  East  Humboldt  Mts.  of  N.  Nevada,  Watson,  no.  212,  and 
apparently  Placer  Co.,  California,  Brandegee,  no.  9. 

C.  incanus,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Tall  shrub,  with  at  length  olive  or  reddish  puberulent  or 
glabrous  very  glaucous  twigs  :  leaves  because  of  their  size  seeming  thin  for  the  group,  ellip- 


Ceanothus.  Rll  A.MN  ACK.K.  41^ 

til-ill  to  ovate,  roninlfcl  at  base  ami  soniPtiiiios  slif^litly  ciuieato  ajonj;  tlic  strong  lateral 
inTvcs,  vcrv  ohtiisf,  u.-iually  oiitiro  or  iiearlv  so,  iiiicro(*co|ii(ally  toiinMitiilow;  to  ^'lalin-sci-iit 
ami  (lull  aliove,  iiiiiiutcly  toriifiitulose-iaiii-sieiit  bciicalli,  I  to  ocriusionally  2A  iiiclic.H  lonj^, 
tlifir  slender  sligliily  villous  |)Otioles  sometimes  half  iiieli  lonj;  :  iiitlores<eiue  linelv  velvetv, 
the  siiort  dense  axillary  clusters  searccly  j)edumled  ami  ag;;rej;ated  into  a  nitlier  denMJ 
thyrsus  2  to  ;{  inches  lonjj :  flowers  white  :  eapsules  -2^  linfs  in  diameter,  depn-ssfd,  verru- 
eosely  roughened,  sliallowly  lobed  at  top.  —  Fl.  i.  205  ;  Wats  1.  c.  .3.{fi  ;  'irele;i>e,  1.  c.  110; 
Parry,  1.  c.  168;  K.  Hramlegee,  1.  c.  187.  —  t'alifornia,  in  the  Middle  Coast  Haiige  region. 
In  foliage  and  intloreseenee  smaller  specimens  approach  C.  corditlalus,  while  larger  ones 
reiall  the  thicker-leaved  C.  relitliiiiis. 

C.  Fendleri,  (iUAV.  Low  and  dense  often  jirostrate  shrub,  with  greenish  verv  canesi-ent 
sometimes  glaucous  slender  twigs  ;  the  spines  slender  and  sharp:  leaves  ellijitical,  rounded 
or  subacute  at  both  ends,  finely  denticulate-serrulate  or  nearly  entire,  thin,  green  and  spar- 
ingly appressed-silky  upou  the  upper  surface,  densely  but  microsoipically  gray-tomentulose 
beneath,  half  inch  to  occasionally  an  inch  long,  their  slender  petioles  2  or  ."J  lines  long  :  inHo- 
rescence  very  short,  mostly  few-Howered  :  flowers  white :  capsules  2  lines  in  diameter, 
smooth,  somewhat  acutely  keeled  at  first,  scarcely  lobed  at  top.  —  I'l.  Fendl.  29;  Wats. 
1.  c.  337;  Trelease,  1.  c.  Ill  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  1G8;  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  IHlt.—  S.  Dakota,  liull 
Springs,  Riidberg,  no.  390.  to  New  Mexico  and  Arizona.  (Northern  Mex.)  With  nearly 
glabrous  green  twigs,  red  spines,  and  small  broad  leaves,  it  is  var.  vfRiKis,  Gray  iu  Tre 
lease,  1.  c.  Ill,  of  S.  K.  Arizona,  Lcmmon,  Greene,  7'ouiiiei/.  With  leaves  tliicker,  broadly 
elliptical,  rounded  at  both  ends,  finely  tonieutose  on  both  surfixces  and  with  veins  very 
prominent  beneath,  it  is  var.  venosi  s,  Trelease,  n.  var.,  w  hich  closely  resembles  some  small- 
leaved  Oregon  specimens  referred  to  C.  cordulatus,  and  occurs  iu  Texiis,  IJmjtia  Mts. 
Uuvard,  and  Arizona,  Ft.  Whipple,  Vones  &  Palmer,  Sta.  Catalina  Mts.,  Lemmon.  (Northern 
Mex.)  Specimens  somewhat  resembling  C.  ovatus  occur  in  Colorado,  Parry,  1864,  Coal 
Creek,  Brunde<jec,  1881. 

-»—  6.  Leaves  medium  sized  or  small,  firm  but  rather  thin,  nearly  all  3-nerved  ;  the  margin 
conspicuously  glanduliferous  rather  than  toothed  :  inflorescence  subsimjde,  oblong,  mod- 
erately large  :  twigs  terete,  usually  intricately  branched  and  occasionally  rigid  but  scarcely 
sjjinose  or  pruinose. 

C.  tomentosUS,  Parry.  Medium-sized  shrub,  with  slender  gray  or  reddish  at  first  tomen- 
tose  mostly  densely  verrucose  twigs:  leaves  elliptical  to  usually  round-ovate,  commonly 
rounded  at  base  and  apex,  very  conspicuously  glanduliferous  on  the  margin,  dull  microscopi- 
cally velvety  and  drying  dark  on  the  up])er  surface,  densely  brown-  or  commonly  white- 
tomentose  beneath,  4  to  10  lines  long  (on  suckers,  and  usually  i:i  the  San  Hernardino  form, 
1  to  1  ii  inches  long  and  nearly  as  wide,  and  very  coarsely  dentate),  short-j)etioled  :  inflorescence 
loosely  tomentose,  I  or  2  inches  long  ;  flowers  deep  blue  or  exceptionally  white :  capsules  2 
lines  in  diameter,  somewhat  depressed,  smooth,  slightly  crested,  evidently  lobed.  —  Parry, 
1.  c.  190.  C.  oliffanthus,  var.  tnmentosus,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  198.  C.  azarriis.  Kellogg.  Proc. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  5.5.  C.  sorediatus,  Trelease,  1.  c.  1 1 1 ,  in  part ;  Parry,  1.  c.  1 69.  —  California, 
from  the  Sierras  of  Amador  Co.  to  San  Diego.  (Lower  Calif.)  A])parently  uncommon  in 
the  middle  region. 

C.  sorediatus,  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bather  low  densely  branched  shrub,  with  olive  orat  length 
purplish  minutely  tomentose  and  somewhat  villous  sparingly  and  finely  red-warty  commonly 
\ery  rigid  twigs  :  leaves  narrowly  ovate  to  elliptic-lanceolate,  rounded  at  base.  fre<|uently 
acute.  4  to  10  lines  long  ;  the  margin  about  as  in  the  last  ;  the  convex  tipper  surface  mostly 
at  first  with  a  few  rather  short  hairs,  soon  glnbrescent,  dull  but  looking  as  if  waxed  :  lower 
surface  <larker  green  or  gray  and  minutely  ajijtressed-silky  ;  the  short  petioles  (like  the 
princijial  veins  beneath)  ap])ressed-hairy  :  inflorescence  nearly  as  in  tiie  last  or  smaller,  at 
first  loosely  villous:  flowers  deep  blue:  capsules  globo-^e,  2  lines  in  dianu-ter,  smooth  or 
somewhat  wrinkled,  neither  crested  nor  <leeply  lobed. —  B<it.  Beech.  328  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl. 
i.  686.  in  part ;  Wats.  1.  c.  336,  in  j)art  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  Ill,  in  i)art ;  Parry.  1.  c.  189.  ('.  in- 
tririitiis.  Parry.  1.  c  168.  C.  olifjmil/ius,  var.  hirsuliis,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  197,  in  part. — 
California,  Mendocino  Co.  to  Santa  Barbara.  Somewhat  aberrant  specimens  from  San 
Diego  Co.,  Orcutt. 


414  RIIAMNACE.E.  Ceanolhus. 

C.  hirsutus,  Nutt.  Tall  shrub  or  small  tree :  twigs  olive,  gray,  or  somewhat  reddish, 
iinx'-ularlv  but  deusely  villous,  more  or  less  red-verrucose,  rather  flexible  :  leaves  ovate  to 
broadlv  elliptical,  rouuded  or  tlie  larger  cordate  at  base,  obtuse  to  typically  acute,  half  iuch 
to  2  inches  long,  ratlier  short-pctioled,  the  upper  surface  drying  darker,  couspicuously  beset 
with  scattered  appressed  rather  long  hairs,  tlie  green  or  occasionally  glaucesccnt  lower  sur- 
face loosely  liirsute,  especially  along  the  veins :  inflorescence  loosely  puberuleut-villous,  1  or 
2  inches  long,  rather  loose,  subsessile  :  flowers  deep  blue  to  purplish :  capsules  somewhat 
depressed,  2\  to  3  lines  in  diameter,  generally  smooth,  strongly  crested,  not  conspicuously 
lobed.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  266  ;  Wats.  1.  c.  336,  in  part ;  Trelcase,  1.  c.  Ill,  in  part ; 
Parry,  1.  c.  169.  C.  oli(janthus,  Xutt.  1.  c.  266  ;  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  196,  in  part.  —  Coast  Range 
of  Central  California.  The  narrower-leaved  form,  which  often  has  a  smaller  inflorescence, 
is  C.  oliganthus,  Nutt.,  which  can  liardly  be  separated.  The  species  appears  to  hybridize  with 
C.  xptnosHf:  and  the  preceding  species. 

Var.  Orcuttii,  ruKLEASE,  n.  comb.  Flowers  paler  blue  :  fruit  strongly  rugose  and 
loosely  villous  :  otherwise  like  the  type.  —  C.  Orcuttii,  Parry,  Proc.  Davenp.  Acad.  v.  193. 
C.  oligant/ius,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  196,  in  part.  —  Sau  Diego  Co ,  California,  Orcutl, 
Brandegee. 

H—  7.  Leaves  medium-sized  or  small,  mostly  thin,  not  3-nerved  or  some  of  them  with  a 
pair  of  strong  sub-basal  lateral  veins  ;  the  flat  margin  minutely  glauduliferous  :  inflores- 
cence as  in  the  preceding  group,  but  rather  smaller,  sometimes  subglobose :  flowers  deep 
blue :  twigs  terete,  not  spiny,  pruinose  in  only  one  species. 

C.  diversifolius,  Kellogg.  Low  and  trailing,  with  green  to  reddish  flexible  irregularly 
very  villous  sparingly  verrucose  twigs :  leaves  thin  and  flexible,  broadly  elliptical,  rounded 
or  mostly  acute  at  base,  obtuse  or  subacute,  with  the  pubescence  of  the  last  on  the  upper 
surface,  but  pale,  often  whitened  and  more  or  less  loosely  tomentose-villous  beneath,  short- 
petioled,  ^  to  H  inches  long,  commonly  (as  in  otiiers  of  this  section)  with  axillary  fascicles  of 
smaller  size  :  inflorescence  about  half  inch  long,  elongating  in  fruit,  with  a  peduncle  of  thrice 
its  length  :  capsules  slightly  pyriform,  2  lines  in  diameter,  very  smooth,  somewhat  evanes- 
cently  crested,  slightly  lobed.  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  vSci.  i.  58 ;  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  200.  C.  hir- 
sutus, Trelease,  1.  c.  Ill,  in  part.  C.  decumhens,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  33.5;  Trelease, 
1.  c.  112;  I'arry,  1.  c.  168.  —  California,  Sierras  of  the  Yosemite  region. 

C.  Lemmoni,  Parky.  Low,  spreading,  but  not  decumbent,  with  gray  or  buff  pruinose  at 
first  tomentose  slightly  verrucose  rigid  twigs:  leaves  thicker,  firm,  elliptical,  rounded  or  sub- 
acute at  both  ends,  3  to  10  lines  long,  very  short-petioled,  finely  appressed-pubescent  to  nearly 
glabjous  and  dull  waxen  above,  the  lighter  green  to  glaucous  loo.sely  villous  lower  surface 
at  length  prominently  reticulated  :  inflorescence  about  as  in  the  last,  but  often  shorter- 
pednncled,  exceptionally  3  inches  long  and  somewhat  thyrsoid  :  capsules  as  in  the  last,  but 
more  strongly  crested.  —  Proc.  Davenp.  Acad.  v.  192.  C.  diversifolius,  xav.  foliosus,  K. 
Brandegee,  1.  c.  201,  in  part.  C.  decumbens,  of  other  writers,  in  part.  —  N.  Central  Cali- 
fornia, Lake  and  Butte  Counties,  &c. 

C.  foliosus,  Parry.  Rather  low  densely  branched  shrub :  twigs  greenish,  gray,  or  red- 
disii,  slender  but  rather  rigid,  at  first  velvety  or  villous  and  mostly  little  verrucose :  leaves 
thin  but  rather  firm,  broadly  elliptical,  2  to  6  (or  the  primary  10)  lines  long,  mostly  acute  at 
base,  with  obtuse  or  occasionally  acute  apex,  on  the  darker  upper  surface  with  finer  appressed 
pubescence  than  in  the  last  or  glabrescent,  appearing  as  if  waxed,  paler  and  often  glaucous 
beneath,  with  a  few  appressed  coarse  hairs  along  the  veins  :  inflorescence  scarcely  half  inch 
long,  becoming  twice  that  length,  little  surpa.ssed  by  the  loosely  villous  peduncles :  capsules 
depressed,  scarcely  2  lines  in  diameter,  smooth,  rather  strongly  crested,  conspicuously  lobed. 
—  Proc.  Davenp.  Acad.  v.  172;  Davy,  Card.  Chron.  ser.  3,  xx.  363.  C.  diversifolins,  var. 
filiosus,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  201,  excl.  syn.  C.  dentntus,  Trelease,  1.  c.  112,  in  part.  —  (Cali- 
fornia, from  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco  to  Mendocino  Co.  What  seems  to  be  this  species 
also  from  Cuiamaca,  Parish,  no.  423. 

H—  8.  Leaves  medium-sized  or  small,  firm,  u.sually  not  3-nerved  ;  the  upper  surface  strongly 
glandular-])ai)inate  throughout  or  near  the  revolute  glauduliferous  margin  :  inflorescence 
and  twigs  about  as  in  the  preceding  group  :  flowers  deep  blue  or  exceptionally  varying  to 
white. 


Ccannthus.  KH  AMX  ACK.K.  415 

C.  dentatus,  Toru.  &  Gray.  l?athor  low  densely  branched  Bhrnh,  with  prav  or  red-l>rown 
ill  liisi  very  villous-tonieiitose  slightly  verrucose  rigiil  twigH :  leaves  elli|iti(al,  rr)uu<leil  at 
Lotli  en<ls,  or  appearing  retuse  from  the  infolding  of  tiie  apex,  2  to  G  linuH  l<Jng,  pajiillaie 
only  on  and  near  tiie  margin  ;  tiie  darker  waxen  njiper  snrfaeo  louwly  hairy,  lighter  and 
coarsely  spreading-hairy  beneath  :  inHorescente  siibgiobose,  very  titnientose  ;  the  jjeilnm  le 
with  reduced  leaves  :  eapsnb-s  globose  or  somewhat  depressed,  2  lineH  in  diameter,  smuiith. 
slightly  crested,  scarcely  loiu-d.  —  Fl.  i.  2G8  ;  Planch.  Kl.  SerrcM,  vi.  KKJ,  t.  507.  f.  '2  ;  Morren, 
Belg.  ilort.  iii.  101,  t.  16,  f.  2  ;  Torr.  Hot.  Mex.  H<.und.  46,  t.  10 ;  Trelejwe,  1  c.  112,  in  part ; 
I'arry,  I.e.  190;  K.  Brandegee,  I.e.  202.  C.  jxtjiillosns,  var.  diutaiits,  I'arry,  I.e.  170. — 
California,  in  the  Santa  Cruz  Coast  Range.  With  very  numenjus  and  dense  scarcely  |»e- 
dnncled  (lower-dusters,  it  is  var.  klokihindls,  'I'relea.se,  n.  conil).  ;  ('.  /torilniuJiis,  Hook. 
JJot.  Mag.  t.  4806,  Leni.  111.  Ilort.  vii.  t.  2.J8,  whicii  hi»«  l)een  regarded  as  a  hylirid  with  C. 
thijrsi/lonis.  With  nearly  round  leaves  having  the  veins  deei)ly  iinpre.s.sed  on  the  upjier  sur- 
face, it  is  var.  imi'kessi  s,  Trelea.'^e,  u.  coml>. ;  C.  iin/ir^ssiis,  Trelea-se,  l'r<jc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 
scr.  2,  i.  112  ;    from  Sta.  l}arl)ara  County,  Sta.  Barl)ara,  Miss  Plummer,  Sta.  Maria,  ./««</. 

C.  papillosus,  ToKii.  &  Gu.vY.  Haliit  of  the  la.st,  with  at  Hrst  (b-nsely  yellowish  villous- 
tuiiieiito.-ie  slightly  vcrruc<jse  twigs :  leaves  elliptical  to  narrowly  oblong,  rouiKb-il  or  slightly 
coniate  at  base,  from  2  inclie.s  to  more  commonly  1  inch  or  less  long  (tiien  short-peti<deil)  ; 
the  tiark  waxeu  upper  surface  slightly  villous  and  irregularly  and  rather  do.sely  glandular- 
j)a])illate,  like  tiie  margin  ;  the  paler  lower  surface  loosely  and  densely  villous:  inflorescence 
more  ol)long,  about  1  inch  loug,  very  villous,  the  pediuides  of  like  length  :  capsules  as  in  the 
liu-it,  ratiier  less  than  2  lines  in  diameter.  —  Fl.  i.  268;  Hook.  Ic.  t.  272,  &  Bot.  Mag.t.  4815; 
riauch.  Fl.  Serres,  vi.  103,  t.  567,  f.  1 ;  I'axt.  Fl.  Card.  i.  74,  f.  50,  &  Baines  ed.  i.  70,  f. 
48 ;  Morren,  Belg.  Hort.  iii.  101,  t.  16,  f.  1  ;  Trelease,  L  c.  112  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  170,  exd.  vars. 
C.  dentatus,  var.  papillosus,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  20.3.  —  California,  Santa  Cruz  Mts.  Too 
near  the  last  in  some  forms,  but  typically  very  distinct.  It  appears  to  hybridize  with  C 
thyrsijlorus. 

■*--  9.  I.«aves  medium-sized,  3-nerved  (the  lateral  nerves  sometimes  closely  marginal  and 
then  concealed),  finely  toothed,  more  or  less  revolute;  tlie  surface  not  jiapillate :  iiiHores- 
cence  ample,  forming  a  compound  thyrsus:  flowers  dee]>  blue:  twigs  .strongly  angled, 
neither  rigidly  divaricate,  spinose,  nor  pruinose. 

C.  Parryi,  Trelkase.  Rather  large  sjireading  shrub,  with  green  or  red-brown  at  first 
looselv  and  softlv  toniento.<e  rather  abundantly  verrucose  twigs:  leaves  ellijuical,  or  the 
largest  occasionally  somewhat  ovate,  rounded  at  base,  obtuse,  glabrous  above,  lighter  green 
and  densdv  cobwebl)y  beneath,  half  inch  to  2  inches  long,  on  short  cobwebby  petioles  :  iuHo- 
resceuce  rather  narrow,  3  or  4  inches  long  ;  tlie  few-leaved  peduncles  of  like  length  :  capsules 
globo.se,  2  lines  in  diameter,  sometimes  slightly  crested  and  wrinkled.  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acail. 
Sci.  ser.  2,  i.  109  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  170 ;  Davy,  Card.  Chron.  ser.  3,  xx.  363.  C.  intefjeirimus,  var. 
Pnrri/i,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  183.  —  California,  Napa  and  Sonoma  Counties.  Also  in  herb. 
Gray,  as  fmm  Humboldt  Co.,  BoJander,  no.  6572,  bis. 

C.  thyrsiflorus,  Eschs.  From  a  small  prostrate  shrub  in  exposed  places  becoming  a  small 
tree  with  green  or  at  length  deep  brown  nearly  glabrous  scarcely  verrucose  twigs :  leaves 
ellijitical,  acute  at  base,  obtuse,  glabrous  except  for  a  few  apjjressed  rather  coarse  hairs  along 
the  very  prominent  veins  beneath,  drying  brown,  about  an  inch  long,  on  short  hairy  petioles : 
inflorescence  mostly  about  3  inches  long,  olilong,  at  length  usually  thyrsoid,  mostly  long- 
])eduncled  with  leaves  subtending  one  or  two  of  the  lower  fascicles,  .somewh.it  loosely  hairy 
to  nearlv  glabrous:  flowers  varying  to  white  :  cap.sules  globo.se,  2  lines  in  diameter,  smooth, 
not  cre.stcd,  little  lobed.  — Mem.  Acad.  St.  Peter.sb.  .ser.  6,  x.  285;  Lindl.  Bot.  Heg.  xxx.  t. 
38  ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  44,  t.  57  ;  Wats.  1.  c.  .334  ;  Treleai^e,  1.  c.  108  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  170;  K.  Bran- 
degee, 1.  c.  191  ;  Davy,  Gard.  Chron.  ser.  3,  xx.  363,  f.  65.  C.  bicolor,  Kaf.  New  Fl.  Am.  iii. 
57.  ?  C.  elpffans.  Lem.  111.  Ilort.  vii.  t.  268.  —  Near  the  coast,  f)reg<m.  Curry  Co.,  Howell, 
to  California,  Monterey  Bay.  Hybridizing  with  C.  dentatus  ?  (=  C.  Lohhianus,  Hook.  Bot. 
Mag.  t.  4810,  or  by  error  4811,  Planch.  Fl.  Serres,  x.  125,  t.  1016),  V.  papillosus,  C.  s«re- 
diatus,  C.  foliosus'  and  possibly  C.  rii/idits  (  =  C.  Vtitc/tianus,  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  5127. 
known  only  in  cultivation). 

Var.  griseus,  Tkei-eask,  n.  var.     Leaves  more  broadly  ovate,  about  an  inch  long  and 


416  RHAMNACE.E.  Ceanothus. 

three  fourths  as  wide,  revolutely  dentate,  mitroscopically  gray-tomentnlose  beneath :  other- 
wise scarcely  separable  from  the  type.  —  California,  apparently  confined  to  the  vicinity  of 
Monterey. 

*  *  Leaves  opposite  and  pungently  toothed  in  many  species ;  stipule-bases  persistent,  thick 
and  corky  or  spongy :  fruit  frequently  with  strong  horns  as  well  as  crests :  flowers  in 
compact  umbels,  usually  little  surpassing  the  leaves.  —  Cerastes. 

•\-  Leaves  alternate  (exceptionally  a  few  in  ))airs  in  the  first) :  flowers  white  :  capsules  glo- 
bose or  depressed. 

C.  macrocarpus,  Nutt.  Rather  large  shrub,  with  reddish  or  gray  at  first  apj)ressed- 
pubesceut  rather  loose  and  flexuous  twigs  :  leaves  spatulate  or  obovate,  cuneate,  obtuse  to 
eniarginate,  glabrous  and  dull  above,  microscopically  canescent  beneatli,  6  to  9  lines  long 
or  exceptionally  somewhat  larger,  short-pctioled,  the  sligiitly  revolute  margin  entire  or 
exceptionally  a  little  denticulate  :  capsules  4  to  6  lines  in  diameter,  laterally  horned  the 
apical  crests  very  low,  scarcely  lobed. — Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  267  ;  Greene,  Bull. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  80  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  114.  C.  megacarpus,  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  46  ;  Tarry,  1.  c.  174. 
C.  ritneattts,  Wats.  1.  c.  338,  in  part.  C.  cuneatiis,  var.  macrorar/ius,  K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  205. 
—  California,  about  Sta.  Barbara  and  Monterey  and  on  the  islands  of  Sta.  Cruz,  Greene, 
with  nearly  liornless  fruit,  and  Sta.  Catalina,  Brandegee,  with  variable  phyllotaxis. 

C.  verrucosus,  Xutt.  Rather  low  shrub,  with  gray  or  brown  glabrate  to  loosely  diugy- 
tonientose  slender  twigs  :  leaves  round-obovate,  cuneate  or  rounded  at  base,  obtuse  to  mostly 
deeply  obcordate,  usually  denticulate  along  the  sides,  nearly  glabrous,  2  to  6  lines  long,  very 
short-petioled  ;  stipules  horizontnl,  at  length  very  large  and  wart-like :  capsules  about  3 
lines  in  diameter,  neither  crested  nor  horned,  scarcely  lobed.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
267;  Greene,  1.  c.  81  ;  Trelense,  I.e.  114,  117;  Parry,  1.  c.  174;  K.  Brandegee,  1.  e.  206. 
C.  n'gidus,  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound,  t.  9.  —  California,  Sta.  Barbara,  Nuthill  in  herb.  Gray, 
and  San  Diego  Counties,  apparently  not  recently  collected  north  of  San  Diego  Co.  (Lower 
Calif.) 

-1—  -f—  Leaves  opposite. 

++  Flowers  white  :  erect  or  spreading  rigidly  branched  shrubs,  with  entire  or  nearly  entire 
leaves  except  in  the  last  two  species  and  in  hybrids. 
C.  cuneatus,  Ndtt.  At  length  a  tall  rigidly  much  branclicd  shrub,  with  usually  gray 
minutely  tomentulose  twigs  :  leaves  spatulate  to  obovate-cuneate,  mostly  olttuse,  entire, 
microscopically  tomentulose  beneath,  3  to  10  lines  long,  extremely  short-stalked  :  capsules 
slightly  oblong,  2|  lines  in  diameter,  with  three  conspicuous  erect  horns  near  the  top.  —  Nutt. 
in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  267  ;  Jour.  Ilort.  Soc.  Loud.  vi.  220,  fig. ;  Morren,  Belg.  Ilort.  viii. 
170,  t.  44  ;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  164,  in  part;  Trelease,  1.  c.  113;  Parry,  1.  c.  174  ;  K.  Bran- 
degee, 1.  c.  204. — Oregon,  Nnttall,  Howell,  through  California.  (Lower  Calif.,  Prim/le.) 
Leaves  occur  rarely  as  much  as  1  inch  wide,  and  on  suckers  they  sometimes  show  a  few 
teeth.  Appears  to  hybridize  with  C.  crassi/olitis  (?=  C.  vestitus,  Greene,  Pitt<mia,  ii.  101), 
C.  prostratus  (when  nearer  C.  cuneatus,  =  C.  connivens,  Greene,  Pittonia,  ii.  16,  when  nearer 
C.  prostratus,  =  C.  pumilus,  Greene,  Erythea,  i.  149),  C.  rigidus  (=  C.  cuneatus,  var.  ramu- 
losus,  Greene,  Man.  Bay-Reg.  77),  and  C.  pinetorum. 

C.  Greggii,  Gray.  Low  intricately  and  rigidly  much  branched  slirub :  twigs  with  olive, 
gray,  or  occasionally  brown,  at  first  closely  gray-  or  rusty-tomentose  :  leaves  elliptical,  mostly 
acute  at  both  ends,  often  with  one  or  two  small  teeth  on  each  side,  3  to  5  lines  long,  very 
short-petioled ;  the  lower  surface  sometimes  concealed  by  tomentum :  capsules  .slightly 
oblong,  2  lines  in  diameter,  small-horned  from  about  the  middle.  —  PI.  Wright,  ii.  28  ;  Wats. 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  338;  Trelease,  1.  c.  113  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  174.  C.  verrucosus,  var.  Greggii, 
K.  Brandegee,  1.  c.  208.  —  S.  Utah,  Palmer,  Bishop,  to  W.  Texas.  Wright,  Thurher,  Havard. 
(Mex.,  where  it  passes  into  a  form  with  more  spatulate  larger  leaves  very  white-tomentose 
beneath.) 

C.  crassifolius,  Torr.  Tall  .«b rub,  with  gray  or  brown  white- or  rusty-tomentose  twigs : 
leaves  thick,  elliptic-obovate,  cuneate  or  rounded  at  base,  obtuse,  somewhat  revolute,  pun- 
gently  dentate,  half  inch  to  somewhat  over  an  inch  long  ;  the  upper  surface  minutely  rough- 
ened, at  length  glabrous  and  green,  the  lower  surface  densely  tomentose ;  the  stout  petioles 


Ceanolhus.  UHAMNACE.i:.  417 

2  lines  loiii^  ;  sti|iiilt's  vcrv  l:irjx<" :  tapMilis  siiIii;1<>1miso,  4  linos  in  ijiaincter,  with  tliii  k  c-x<»- 
ciiri)  and  tliii'C  stout  suImtciI  Imrns  ni-ar  llif  tn]i.  —  I'acif.  K.  i;<-|i.  iv.  75,  &  Hot.  Mex. 
IJouikI.  40,  t.  II  ;  Wats.  1.  c  .'}.»«;  'rrcl.:i.s.'.  1,  .-.  Ii;j;  I'am ,  1.  c.  17;{.  C.  virmcsHs,  snr. 
criissijhlius,  K.  Hrandi'ffi-e,  1.  o.  208.  —  C'aliforfiia,  in  tlie  Miiiille  and  Soutiicru  C'oaiil  Hangc. 

C.  perplexans,  Thki.k.vsk,  n.  .sp.  Related  to  the  precedinjj ;  the  ^ray  or  red  twifjs  <lo,««"ly 
tonniilosi',  licconiin^  f^labmns  and  ^los.sy  :  leaves  very  tliitk,  Hiil)elli|ilical,  mostly  m-iite,  not 
revolute,  entire  or  mostly  piinficntly  lo\v-t<M»tiied,  from  minutely  fjray-velvety  on  Ixdh  hides 
heiomintj  nearly  j^lalirous,  (>  to  12  lines  long,  the  uiijier  surface  fre(|uently  eoinave  ;  the 
.stout  petioles  2  line.s  long:  capsules  gloltose,  aliout  .'J  lini-s  in  diameter,  with  thin  (smooth 
flesh,  the  three  small  dor.sal  horns  spreading.  —  S.  W.  California  ;  Arizona,  Vampai  Valley, 
Bifft'/ow.     (Lower  Calif,  and  (iuadalupe  Isl.) 

++  ++   Klowers  Mue  or  purple,  only  exceptionally  white:  leaves  toothed,  at  least  near  the 
apex. 

C.  rigidus,  Ni  tt.  Medium-sized  rigidly  intricate  sliruh,  with  green  or  brownish  at  first 
luosclv  toiiiiiito.sc  2-liiiid  twigs:  leaves  firm  hut  rather  thin,  ohovate,  cuneate,  ohtu.«-e  to 
ohcordate,  2  to  G  lines  long,  nearly  .sessile,  the  upper  half  finely  dentate,  soon  nearly  glahroii.s 
on  both  sides,  the  lower  surface  little  paler:  ca])sules  nearly  as  in  C  cnneatus  but  a  little 
larger.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  268  ;  Jour.  Ilort.  Soc.  Lond.  v.  197,  fig  ;  Hook.  liot. 
M.ag  t.  4664;  I'axt.  Fl.  Card.  i.  74,  f.  51,  &  Raines  ed.  i.  70,  f.  49;  Morren.  Relg.  Ilort. 
iii.  102,  t.  16,  f.  3-5;  Wats.  1.  c.  3.39,  in  part;  Trelease,  1.  c.  113  ;  Parry,  1.  c.  173.  C  mni- 
cosiis.  Hook.  Rot.  Mag.  t.  4660.  C.  vernirosns,  var.  rifiidiis.  K  Rrantlegee,  1.  c.  207.  —  Cali- 
fornia, from  above  San  Francisco  to  Monterey.  In  shape  and  size  of  leaves  very  similar 
to  (\  verrucosus. 

Var.  grandifolius,  Toru.  Leaves  from  thick  to  quite  thin,  at  length  glabrate  on 
both  si<les  becoming  an  inch  or  more  long  capsules  globo.<5e,  about  3  lines  in  diameter,  w  it  h 
three  .stout  somewhat  dorsal  horns. — Pacif.  H.  Hep.  iv.  75  ;  'irele.'i.se,  1.  c.  113.  <'.  crns- 
s{/olius,\SiT,  (/labratus,  Gray  in  Rolauder,  Cat.  8.  C.  rerrumsus,  \:{t.  fjraii(lifolius,  K.  Bran- 
degee,  1.  c.  207.  —  California,  Mendocino  Co.,  Dolandcr,  no.  4713,  Bnindegee,  no.  82, 
Birirhm: 

C.  pinetorum,  Cdville.  Low  but  erect  densely  branched  slirub  :  twigs  gray,  brown,  or 
re  (lilish,  stout,  divaricate,  at  first  appresscd-puberulent :  leaves  elliptical,  very  thick,  abrujit 
at  both  ends,  often  folded  along  the  midrib  or  crisped,  soon  glabrescent  except  between  the 
veins  beneath,  6  to  8  lines  long,  very  short-petioled,  the  margin  somewhat  revolute,  coarsely 
pnngently  dentate,  like  holly  leaves:  flowers  often  white:  caj)sules  oblong,  3  to  4  lines  in 
diameter,  with  .strong  suberect  horns  near  the  apex  and  low  intermediate  crests.  —  Contrib. 
U.  S.  Xiit.  Herb.  iv.  80.  C.  prostralux.  var.  /liiiilonim,  K.  Bran<legee,  1.  c.  211.  C.  Jipsimii, 
Greene,  Man.  Ray-Hog.  78.  —  California,  from  Lake  Co.  to  Mt.  Tamalj)ais  and  Tulare  Co. 
(the  original  locality).  _ 

C.  prostratUS,  Rkntii.  Procumbent  and  rooting,  with  somewhat  comi)ressed  freijuontly 
liright  ri<l  at  first  often  appressed-hairy  twigs:  leaves  thick  and  firm,  ohovate  or  spatul;ite. 
cuneate,  flat  or  sometimes  revolute,  ])ungently  several-toothed  ai>ove.  one  to  three  of  the 
teeth  mostly  apical,  at  first  often  minutely  silky,  about  half  inch  long,  short-petioled  : 
flowers  blue  :  capsules  slightly  elongated,  3  or  4  lines  in  diameter,  with  thick  often  red 
flesh,  three  large  wrinkled  horns  somewhat  spreailing  from  near  the  ajiex,  and  low  inter- 
mediate crests.  —  PI.  Hartw.  302;  Wats.  1.  c.  339,  in  part;  'I'releiise,  1.  c.  113,  116,  in 
part ;  Parry,  1.  c.  173  ;  K.  Rrandegee,  1.  c.  209.  —  Klikitat  Co.,  Wa-shingtou  ;  Humboldt  Ct>. 
anil  the  Sierra  region  of  California,  an<l  W.  Nevada,  Carson,  Audirsun,  Wa.shoe  Mts., 
Wdtxnn.  C.  ruf/nsits,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  SS,  from  near  Truckee,  Cnlif.,  has  been  held 
tr)  1)0  a  hybrid  of  which  this  species  or  C.  miientus  is  one  parent,  iifid  C.  rrluliiius  the 
other. 

Var.  divergens,  K.  Ruandegee.  Low  spreading  or  scrambling  shnib,  with  at  first 
tomentose  slender  but  rigid  twigs  :  leaves  obovate-spatulate,  very  thick,  cuneate.  ."iomewhat 
revolute  and  cris])0(l,  pnngently  dentate,  more  or  less  persistently  loosely  white-hairy,  about 
half  inch  l<mg,  nearly  sessile  ;  capsules  rounder  than  in  the  type,  about  3  lines  in  diameter, 
with  smaller  more  lateral  horns.  —  Proc.  Calif.  ?\cad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  iv.  210.  C.  divergens. 
Parry,  1.  c.  173.  —  California,  Napa  to  Santa  Cruz  Counties. 

27 


418  RHAMXACE.E.  Coluhrina. 

10.  COLUBRINA,  Rich.  (Name  from  Latin  Coluher,  a  serpent,  the  ap- 
plication uncertain.)  —  Shrubs  or  trees  with  often  rigidly  divaricate  but  scarcely 
spiny  twigs,  alternate  entire  or  denticulate  pinnately  veined  or  3-nerved  small  to 
ample  leaves  (frequently  glanduliferous  beneath  and  with  mostly  small  stipules), 
and  tomentose  inconspicuous  flowers  in  sessile  or  pedunculate  axillary  umbels.  — 
Rich,  in  Brongn.  Mem.  Rluunn.  61,  &,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  x.  368 ;  Benth.  &  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  379  ;  Grisebach,  Fl.  W.  Ind.  100;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  77  ;  Trelease,  Trans. 
St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  361,  368;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  47;  Weberbauer  in  Engl.  & 
Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  ■415.  — Warmer  American  region  ;  one  species 
tropical  in  the  Old  World. 

*  Leaves  inediuin-sizeil  or  usually  rather  small,  some  of  them  denticulate :  common  peduncle 
verv  short  or  wanting:  cahx-segments  tardily  and  incompletely  deciduous:  fruit  short- 
I)caked  by  the  persistent  style. 

C.  Texensis,  Gray.  Large  shrub:  branches  mostly  rigidly  divaricate,  zigzag,  terete,  gray- 
tomentose  or  glabresceut  and  whitened:  leaves  elliptical  to  spatulate-obovate,  cuneate  to 
rounded  at  base,  obtuse,  acute  or  mucrouate,  often  3-nerved,  glabrescent,  scarcely  an  inch 
long ;  their  petioles  about  2  lines  long :  fruit  4  lines  in  diameter,  often  solitary,  on  mostly 
reflcxed  pedicels  of  about  the  same  length. — PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  169,  &  PI.  Wright,  i.  33  ; 
Torr.  Ik)t.  Mex.  Bound.  47;  Trelease,  1.  c.  368.  Rhamnus  ?  Texensis,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
263.     R.  Drummondii,  Young,  Fl.  Tex.  204.  —  Central  Texas  and  southward.     (Mex.) 

*  *  Leaves  amide,  entire,  elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate:  common  peduncle  evident :  calyx- 
segments  soon  falling  :  styles  deciduous  at  base. 

C.  f erruginosa,  Bkongn.  Scarcely  arborescent,  at  first  densely  red-tomentose :  twigs  lax, 
nearly  terete,  gray  to  reddish  brown :  leaves  firm,  more  or  less  3-nerved  near  the  margin, 
somewhat  glossy  above,  1  or  2  to  at  length  4  or  5  inches  long :  the  lower  surface  more  per- 
sistently red-hairy  and  with  a  submarginal  series  of  smooth  glands,  and  frequently  several 
additional  glandular  spots :  cymes  densely  red-tonientose  even  in  fruit :  capsules  2  to  4 
lines  in  diameter,  little  grooved,  more  cktstered  than  in  our  other  species ;  pedicels  rather 
stout,  the  longer  becoming  4  or  .5  lines  in  length. — M^ra.  Rhamn.  62,  t.  4,  f.  3,  &  Ann. 
Sci.  Nat.  X.  369  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  100;  Trelease,  1.  c.  369.  C./ern/f/Zneo,  Brongn.  Me'm. 
Rhamn.  77,  &  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  x.  384  (by  error).  C.  Americana,  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  47,  t.  58 ; 
Chapm.  Fl.  74.  R/ntmnus  colubriniis,  ,Tacq.  Ilort.  Vind.  iii.  t.  .50.  R.  ferrugineus,  Xutt.  Jonr. 
Acad.  Philad.  vii.  90;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  26:5.  Ceanothns  cohtbrinus.  Lam.  111.  ii.  90.  Prr- 
foiiun?  ferrugineum,  Raf.  Sylv.  Tellur.  29.  Marcorella  coluhrina,  Raf.  \.  c.  31.  —  S.  Florida 
and  Florida  Keys.     (W.  Ind.) 

C.  reclinata,  Brongn.  A  large  tree,  the  old  trunks  deej)ly  fissured :  twigs  slender,  sulcate, 
soon  glabrous :  leaves  not  at  all  3-nerved,  tliinner,  glabrate,  not  rusty,  scarcely  3  indies 
long,  with  a  few  submarginal  glands  beneath :  inflorescence  becoming  glabrous :  fruit 
about  as  in  the  last.  —  Me'm.  Rhamn.  62,  &  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  x.  369 ;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  101  ; 
Eggers,  Bull  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  no.  13,  40;  Trelease,  1.  c.  368;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  49,  t.  66. 
Ceanothus  reclinatus,  L'Her.  Sert.  6.  Rhamnns  ellipticus,  Ait.  Kew.  i.  265;  Swartz,  Prodr. 
50.  Zizi/phus  Domimjensis,  Nouv.  Duham.  iii.  56.  Diplisca  eltiptica,  Raf.  1.  c.  —  S.  Florida 
and  Florida  Keys.     (W,  Ind.) 

11.  AD6LPHIA,  Meisn.  (Named  for  Adolphe  Brongniart^  a  French 
botanist  of  tlie  early  half  of  the  century,  and  monographer  of  the  order.)  — 
Shrubs  with  divaricate  spine-tipped  opposite  tw'igs  articulated  with  the  stem,  small 
mostly  caducous  leaves,  and  inconspicuous  flowers  in  sparse  axillary  clusters. — 
Gen.  i.  70,  ii.  50;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  384;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vi.  90;  Tre- 
lease, Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  v.  361,  369;  Weberbauer  in  Engl.  «&;  Prantl, 
Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  423.  —  Of  the  warmer  American  region ;  perhaps 
scarcely  separable  from  Colletia. 


Gouania.  VITACK.E.  41:> 

A.  infesta,  Meisn.  Mostly  puberulent  or  somewhat  retrorsply  short-villous.  3  to  5  fiet 
liigli:  braiiolilelj*  all  spinose.sliort,  uearly  .straight,  njireading  nearly  at  right  angU-.s,  4  rankt-d 
or  liistii  lunifi:  leaves  I  to  5  lines  long,  l-nerM-d,  lanitMilate  or  oMong,  ;t4Ule  or  ohtUM-  an<i 
nnuionate,  entire  or  low-serrate  :  fruiting  pediicls  rather  stout,  'J  lines  long:  iaj).-uie  'J  lines 
in  diameter,  gloLose,  ckiplv  3grooved,  irowneti  hy  a  siiort  k-ak  (li:ilf  line  long)  formed 
of  the  hase  of  tlie  .-ityle.  —  (ieii.  ii.  M  ;  Wats.  Troc.  Am.  Aead.  xi.  120;  Urew.  &.  Wats. 
Bot.  Calif,  i.  101  ;  (Jray,  I'l.  Wright,  i.  34,  ii.  28;  TreUase,  1.  e.  .-169.  Vtuw^hus  i„fislu*, 
IIBK.  Nov.  Geu.  &  iSpec.  vii.  61,  t.  614.  Vollttia  iuj'eMa,  Hrongu.  Mem.  Hhamn.  59,  &  Ann. 
Sei.  Nat.  x.  366.  V.  {>.)  wullijlom,  DC.  I'rodr.  ii.  29.  t'.Y  dinpirma,  DC.  I'rod'r.  ii.  29. 
Cnlithrina  iiifrstii,  fSelih'eht.  Linna-a,  .w.  468.  —  W.  Texas.     (Mex.) 

A.  Californica,  Watson.  Lower:  l)riiuhlets  often  curved,  le.-is  sjiinose,  the  lateral  spines 
shorter;  leaves  hroadly  spatulato  to  ohovate,  mostly  mucronate  and  entire,  I  or  2  lines  long: 
style  deciduous  close  to  tiie  fruit :  otherwi.se  similar  to  the  preceding.  —  I'roc  Am.  Aca<l. 
xi.  126;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  101;  Trelease,  1.  c.  369.  —  San  l^iego  County,  Cali- 
fornia.    (Lower  Calif.) 

12.  GOUANIA,  .Tacq.  (Xamed  for  Antoine  Gouan,  professor  of  botany 
at  iSIoiitpellier  in  the  hitter  part  of  the  hist  century.)  —  Shrubs  or  trees,  often 
clunbiny:  by  jirehensile  spreading  twigs,  and  with  alternate  coarsely  glandular- 
serrate  often  3-nerved  ample  leaves  with  small  stipules,  and  smidl  flowers  loo.sely 
fascicled  along  the  slend(;r  naked  ends  of  the  branches.  —  Stirp.  Am.  203 ;  L. 
Gen.  ed.  G,  no.  11  o7  ;  Brongn.  Mem.  Rhamn.  71,  &  Ann.  8ci.  Nat.  x.  .37« ; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  385  ;  Baill.  IIi.sL  V\.  vi.  83  ;  Trelease,  Trans.  St.  Louis 
Acad.  V.  361,  3r.9;  Weberbaner  in  Engl.  &  PrantI,  Xat.  PHanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  .'., 
42.").  —  Chiefly  of  the  tropical  American  region. 

G.  Domingensis,  L.  Twigs  angled,  loosely  hairy  to  glabrate:  leaves  elliptic-ovate,  acute 
to  sulKordate  at  lia.se,  acuminate,  1  to  3  inches  long,  glalirescent  or  j)ersi.stently  hairv  along 
the  veins,  the  coar.se  teeth  commonly  ending  in  cup-shaped  glands:  inflorescence  short-viHous 
rather  th.in  tomentosc  :  fruit  glabrous,  3  lines  long  and  4  broad,  notched  at  top  and  bottom. 
—  .^pec.  ed.  2,  ii.  1663;  DC.  Prodr.  ii^  39  ;  Brongn.  Mem.  Hhamn.  73;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind. 
101  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  75;  Trelea.se,  1.  c. '369 ;  Weberbauer,  \.  c.  425,  f.  208.  — S.  Florida  and 
Florida  Keys.     (W.  lud.,  Mex.) 


Order  XLTII.     YITACEyE. 

By  L.  n.  B.VII.K.V  1 

Alternate-leaved  woody  plants  with  acidulous  watery  juice,  climbing  by  ten- 
drils opposite  the  leaves  (the  stem  being  sympodial)  or  rarely  wanting  tendrils 
and  erect.  Ba.se  of  petiole  enlarged  and  articulated  at  insertion,  commonly  more 
or  less  stipulate.  Flowers  small,  paniculate-cymose,  commoidy  polygamous, 
4-o-merous,  with  short  hypogynous  and  scarcely  lobed  caly.v.  Petals  valvate  in 
the  bud  and  deciduous.  Hypogynous  stamens  as  many  as  petals  and  ojiposite 
thrin.  Gvary  usually  girt  with  or  its  base  adnate  to  a  nectariferous  disk  or  with 
ghinds  alternate  with  the  stamens,  2-celled,  with  a  pair  of  collateral  anatrojwus 
ovules  erect  from  the  base  of  each  cell ;  style  terminal,  undivided,  or  hardly  any, 
and   stigma  depressed.      PVuit  a  berry,  containing   1    to    t  bony  seeds;  cnd)ryo 

1  Ordinal  and  technical  generic  characters  by  A.  Graj*. 


420  VITACE.E.  VUis. 

minute,  at  the  base  of  very  hard  albumen.     (Characterized  without  reference  to 
Z,eea,  wliich  makes  a  transition  to  3Ieliacece.) 

■*  Nectariferous  disk  or  glands  surrouudiug  the  ovary  or  its  base,  and  at  least  partly  free 
from  it :  plants  climbing  by  tlie  prehension  and  coiling  of  naked-tipped  tendrils. 

1.  VITIS.  Flowers  polygamo-dioecious  (i.  e.  some  individuals  perfect  and  fertile,  others 
sterile  with  at  most  rudimentary  ovary),  5-merous.  Corolla  calyptrately  caducous,  the 
petals  in  authesis  cast  off  from  the  base  while  coliering  by  their  tips.  Hypogyuous  disk 
of  5  nectariferous  glands  alternate  with  stamens.  Style  short  and  thick,  or  conical.  Berry 
pulpy ;  seeds  pyriform,  witli  contracted  l)eak-like  base.     Leaves  simple  in  ours. 

2.  CISSUS.  Flowers  perfect  or  sometimes  polygamous,  4-merous  or  several  5-merous. 
Petals  expanding  in  antiiesis.  Disk  annular  or  cupular,  girting  tlie  base  of  the  ovary  .and 
below  adherent  to  it,  the  margins  or  summit  free.  Berry  inedible,  mostly  with  scanty 
pulp  ;  seeds  usually  obovate-trigonous.     Leaves  simple  or  ternately  compound. 

*  *  No  distinct  disk  or  free  nectariferous  glands,  but  a  nectariferous  and  wliolly  confluent 
thickening  of  the  base  of  the  ovary,  or  even  this  obsolete :  plants  climbing,  mostly  by 
adhesion  of  dilated  and  disciform  tips  of  the  tendril-branches. 

3.  AMPELOPSIS.  Flowers  perfect  or  rarely  sulvpolyganious,  5-merous.  Petals  expand- 
ing in  anthesis.     Seeds  trigonous-obovate,  beakless.     Leaves  palmately  coni])ound. 

1.  VlTIS,  Tourn.  Vine,  Grapk-vixe.  (The  classical  Latin  name.) — A 
widespread  genus  in  the  North  Temperate  Zone,  richest  in  species  in  North 
America.  The  species  undergo  marked  adaptations  to  local  conditions,  and 
several  of  them  hybridize  freely,  so  that  the  study  of  them  is  perplexing ;  and 
the  difficulty  is  increased  by  the  fact  that  the  foliage  varies  in  character  on  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  plant,  and  herbarium  material  cannot  properly  represent  the 
fruit.  The  large  viticultural  interests  of  North  America,  outside  of  the  hot- 
houses and  the  Pacific  Slope  and  Mexico,  have  been  developed  within  the  cen- 
tury from  the  native  species  of  grapes  (chiefly  Vitis  Labrnsca  and  V.  cestivalis) 
and  their  hybrids  with  the  Old  World  wine-grape  (  Vitis  vinifera).  The  last  is 
almost  exclusively  grown  in  California,  and  is  sometimes  inclined  to  be  sponta- 
neous. It  has  rounded  and  thinnish  notched  and  more  or  less  lobed  leaves  which 
are  either  glabrous  or  arachnoid-tomentose  beneath,  intermittent  tendrils,  and 
pulp  of  the  fruit  cohering  with  the  skin.  —  Inst.  613;  L.  Gen.  no.  161  ;  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  633;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  242;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  163;  Planch,  in 
DC.  Monogr.  Phaner.   v.  321. 

§  1.  MuscADi'xiA,  Planch.  1.  c.  324.  Bark  bearing  prominent  lenticels,  never 
shredding  :  nodes  without  diaphragms  :  tendrils  simple  :  flower-clusters  small  and 
not  much  elongated :  seeds  oval  or  oblong,  without  a  distinct  stipe-like  beak.  — 
Puncticulosis,  Munson,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  8,  14. 

V.  rotundifolia,  Michx.  (Muscadine,  Socthern  Fox  Grape,  Bullace  or  Billit  or 
Bi  LL  Grape.)  Vine  with  hard  warty  wood,  running  rampantly  even  60  to  100  feet  over 
bushes  and  trees,  and  in  the  shade  often  sending  down  dichotomous  aerial  roots :  leaves 
ratlier  small  to  medium  (2  to  6  inches  long),  dense  in  texture  and  glabrous  both  sides  (some- 
times pubescent  along  the  veins  beneath),  cordate-ovate  and  not  lobed,  mo.stly  with  a 
prominent  and  sometimes  an  acuminate  point  (but  somewhat  contracted  above  the  termina- 
tion of  the  two  main  side  veins),  the  under  surface  finely  reticulated  between  the  veins,  tlie 
teeth  and  the  apex  angular,  coarse  and  acute,  the  l)asal  sinus  shallow,  broad  and  edentate  ; 
petiole  slender  and  (like  the  young  growth)  fine-scurfy,  about  the  length  of  the  leaf-blade : 
tendrils  (or  flower-dusters)  discontinuous,  every  third  node  being  bare ;  fruit-bearing  clusters 


Viiis.  \ir.\(  K.K. 


421 


smaller  than  the  sterile  ones,  an<l  ripeniiip  fr«>ni  3  to  20  prapes  in  a  nearlv  plol.ular  l.iinc  li ; 
Ijcrries  fallint;  from  lliu  duster  when  ripe,  spheriial  or  nearlv  so  ami  larpe  (half  iniji  to 
ineh  in  diameter),  with  very  thiek  and  toiif,'li  skin  and  a  touf,'h  musky  Hesh,  dull  purple  in 
eolor  without  hloom  (in  the  Scu])pernonj,'  variety  silvery  amher  j,'re<Mi).  ri|.e  in  Hummer  and 
early  autumn;  see.ls  \  to  §  incli  ionj,',  shaped  s..m<-thinf,' like  a  .  off.-o  hcrry.  — Kl.  ii.  231  ; 
iMilhudit,  \ijrnes  Am.  2.13  ;  I'laneh.  1.  e.  3(12  ;  Munson,  Trans.  Am.  llort.  six-.  iii.  138,  I'mc. 
Am.  I'om.  Soc.  xx.  97,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  14,  (;ard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  Am.  (;ar<i.  xii.  fiCI,  & 
Kev.  Vit.  vi.  425,  f.  64,  «j5  ;  Britton  in  Bailey,  Am.  Gard.  xiv.  353  ;  F<k;x,  Vitic.  29;  Viala 
&  Havaz,  Vigues  Am.  47.  I'.  ^uh;/;ui,  Bartram,  Med.  Kej).  hex.  2,  i.  22.  I',  vul/iimi,  Am. 
Autii. ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  245  ;  i:nj,'cim.  Bushl.erg  ("at.  ed.  3,  19  ;  not  L.  V.  vuli>it,ii,  var. 
riitiinili/ii/id,  Hegel,  Art.  llort.  I'etmp.  ii.  394.  I',  miisriiiliun,  iinifiiliihi,  rprrurosa,  ]>tltiiln, 
&,  l-'loridnna,  Haf.  Am.  .Man.  Cirape  Nines,  IG,  17,  are  evidently  (from  the  vorv  jMM»r  descrip- 
tions) only  forms  of  tiiiH  species.  —  IJiver  hanks,  swamp.s,  and  rich  woodlands  and  thickets, 
S.  Delaware,  Vommons,  to  N.  Florida  and  west  to  Kans:is  and  Texaw. 
V.  Munsoniana,  .Simpson.  (.MisT.vNO  Gu.\i'K  of  Florida,  Biiin  or  EvKitiiK.vJtivr, 
<Ii;ai-i;.)  \ery  slender  grower,  preferring  to  run  on  tlie  ground  or  over  low  hushes,  more 
nearly  evergreen  than  the  last,  flowering  more  or  less  continuously  :  leaves  smaller,  thinner, 
and  more  shining,  more  nearly  circular  in  outline  and  le.ss  jirominently  pctinted ;  the  teeth 
hroader  in  projwrtion  to  the  Made  and  more  open  or  spreading :  clusters  larger  and  more 
thyrse-like;  lurries  a  half  smaller  than  in  the  la.-st  and  often  more  numerous,  shining  Mack, 
with  a  more  tender  |)ul]),  acid  juice,  no  niuskiness,  and  thinner  skin  ;  seeds  half  smaller  than 
in  the  last.  —  J.  H.  Simpson  in  .Munson,  Addr.  on  Am.  Grapes,  Lansing,  1886,  5  (lieing  a 
reprint  and  revision  of  a  paper  in  rroc.  Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx.,  iu  which  this  gra|)e  is  referred 
to  r.  Flondana,  Haf.)  ;  Mim.son,  Troc.  Soc.  Prom.  Agr.  Sci.  1887,  .59,  Wild  (irapes  N.  A. 
14,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  475,  Am.  (Jard.  xii.  6G1,  &  Hev.  Vit.  vi.  427  ;  I'lanch.  1.  c.  015;  Foex, 
Vitic.  30. —  Dry  woods  and  sands,  Florida,  at  Jacksonville,  Lake  City,  and  .<out)i wards, 
apparently  the  only  grape  on  the  reef  keys.  (Also  in  the  Bahamas.)  Dilhcult  to  distin- 
guish from  V.  rotuiulifolln  in  herharium  specimens,  hut  distinct  in  tlie  field. 

§  2.  EcviTis,  Planch.  Bark  without  distinct  lenticels,  on  the  ol<l  wood 
separating  in  long  thin  strips  and  fibres :  nodes  provided  with  diaphnignis :  ten- 
drils forked;  flower-clusters  mostly  large  and  elongated:  seeds  pyriforni. — 
Vignes  Am.  102,  &  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phaner.  v.  322. 

*   Green-le.vved  Grapes,  mostly  marked  at  maturity  hy  ahsence  of  jirominent  white, 
ru.sty,  or  Mue  tomentum  or  scurf  or  conspicuous  hloom  on  the  leaves  heneath  (under  sur- 
face sometimes  thinly  puhescent,  or  minute  patches  of  floccose  wool  in  the  axils  of  the 
veins,  or  perhaps  even  cohwehhy)  ;    the  foliage  mostly  thin  :   tendrils  intermittent,  i.  e., 
every  third  joint  hearing  no  tendrils  (or  inflorescence).     V.  cineiea  and  T.  Arizonica  are 
partial  exceptions  and  might  he  looked  for  in  ♦  *. 
+-  T'H//)/;irt-like  grapes,  characterized  by  thin  light  or  bright  green  mostly  glossy  leaves 
(which  are  generally  glabrous  below  at  maturity  .«ave  perhai)s  in  the  axils  of  the  veins 
«uk1  in  r.  Chnmpini)  with  a  long  or  at  lea.st  a  prominent  j)oint  and  usually  long  and  largo 
sharp  teeth  or  the  e<Iges  even  jagged. 
++  Leaves  broader  than  long,  with  truiicate-obli(|ue  base  (  V.  TnUasei  might  be  sought  here). 
V.  rupestris,  Scheki.e.     (S.vnd,  Si(;ar,  Hoc  k,  Bisn,  or  Moi  nt.\in  (in.^PK.)     Shrub  2  to 
(')  feet  high,  or  sometimes  sligiitly  climbing,  the  tendrils  few  or  even  none,  diaphragms  plane 
and  rather  thin:    leaves  reniform  to   reniform-ovate  (about  3  to  4  inches  wide  and  two 
thirds  a.s  high),  rather  thick,  smooth  and  glabrous  on  both  surfaces  at  maturity,  marked  by 
a  characteristic  light  glaucescent  tint,  the  sides  turned    u]>  so  as  to  exjjose  much  of  the 
undr-r  surface,  the  ba.se  only  rarely  cut  into  a  well  markeil  sinus,  the  margins  very  coarsely 
angle-toothed,  the   boldly  rounded   top  bearing  a   short  abrupt   point   and   sometimes  two 
lateral  teeth  enlarged  and  suggesting  lobes  :  stamens  in  fertile  fl<twers  recurved  laterally  or 
rarely  ascending,  those  in  the  sterile  flowers  ascending <  du.ster  small,  slender,  open  an<l 
bninched  ;  berries  small   (}   to  i  inch  in   diameter),  purple-black  and  soiuewh.-it  glaucous, 
jdea.sant-tasted,  ripe  in  late  sunmier  :    seeds  sni.ill  and  bmad.  —  Linna-a,  xxi.  591  ;  Planch, 
in  DC.  Monogr.  Phaner.  v.  346;    Millardet,  Vignes  Anj.  179,  t.  18,  22;    Kugelm.  Bu.shberg 


422  VITACE.E.  Vitis. 

Cat.  ed.  3,  18  ;  Munson,  Traus.  Am.  Hort.  Soc.  iii.  132,  Proc.  Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx.  97,  Wild 
Grapes  N.  A.  9,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  659,  &  Kev.  Vit.  iii.  139  ;  Foex,  Vitic. 
45  ;  Viala  &  Txavaz,  Vignes  Am.  102.  —  Sandy  banks,  low  hills  and  mountains,  District  of 
Colunihia  and  S.  Pennsylvania  to  Tennessee,  Missouri,  and  S.  W.  Texas. 

Var.  dissecta,  Eggert,  in  lierb.,  is  a  form  •with  more  ovate  leaves  and  very  long 
teeth,  and  a  strong  tendency  towards  irregular  lobiug.  —  Missouri. 

++   ++  Leaves  ovate  in  outline,  with  a  mostly  well  marked  sinus. 
=  Diaphragms  (in  the  nodes)  thin  :  young  shoots  not  red  :  leaves  not  deeply  lobed. 

V.  monticola,  Buckley.  (Sweet  Mountain  Grape.)  A  slender  trailing  or  climbing 
plant  (reaching  20  to  30  feet  in  height)  with  very  long  and  slender  branches,  the  young 
growth  angled  and  floccose  (sometimes  glabrous),  the  diaphragms  plane  and  rather  thin : 
leaves  small  and  thin  (rarely  reaching  4  inches  in  width  and  generally  from  2  to  3  inches 
higii),  cordate-ovate  to  triangular-ovate,  with  the  basal  sinus  ranging  from  nearly  truncate- 
oblique  to  normally  inverted-Usbapeti,  rather  dark  green  but  glossy  above  and  grayish 
green  below,  when  young  more  or  less  pubescent  or  even  arachnoid  below,  the  l)lade  either 
prominentlv  notched  on  either  upper  margin  or  almost  lobed,  the  point  acute  and  often  ])T0- 
longed,  margins  irregularly  notclied  with  smaller  teeth  than  in  V.  nipestris :  clusters  short 
and" broad,  much  branched  ;  berries  medium  or  small  (averaging  about  ^  inch  in  diameter), 
black  or  light  colored,  seedv,  sweet ;  seeds  large  (about  J  inch  long)  and  broad.  —  Pat.  Off. 
Rep.  1861,  485,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1861,  450,  &  1870,  136;  Planch.  1.  c.  367;  Munson, 
Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  13,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  475,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  586,  Kev.  Vit.  iii.  81,  &  v.  166, 
f.  54,  55  ;  Foex,  Vitic.  44  ;  Viala  &  Ravaz,  \'ignes  Am.  123.  T'.  Texaua,  Munson,  Proc.  Soc. 
Prom.  Agr.  Sci.  1887,  59.  V.  Foexeana,  Planch.  1.  c.  616.  —  Limestone  iiills  in  S.  W.  Texas. 
This  species  has  been  the  subject  of  much  misunderstanding.  Buckley's  description  seems 
to  be  confused,  but  his  specimens  of  V.  monticola  (in  herb.  Acad.  Philad  )  are  clearly  tiie 
small-leaved  and  glabrous  species  here  designated.  See,  also,  Viala,  "  Une  Mission  Viticole 
eu  Ame'rique,"  1889,67  ;  and  V.  BerJnndieri,  below. 

V.  VUlpina,  L.  (Riverbank  or  Frost  Grape.)  A  vigorous  tall-climbing  plant,  with  a 
bright  green  cast  to  the  foliage,  normally  glabrous  young  shoots,  large  stipules,  and  jdane 
very  thin  diaphragms  :  leaves  thin,  medium  to  large,  cordate-ovate,  with  a  broad  but  usually 
an  evident  sinus,  mostly  showing  a  tendency  (which  is  sometimes  pronounced)  to  3  lobes, 
generally  glabrous  and  bright  green  below,  but  the  veins  and  their  angles  often  pubescent, 
the  margins  variously  deeply  and  irregularly  toothed  and  sometimes  cut,  the  teeth  and  the 
long  point  prominently  acute  :  fertile  flowers  bearing  reclining  or  curved  stamens,  and  the 
sterile  ones  long  and  erect  or  ascending  stamens :  clusters  medium  to  large  on  short  pedun- 
cles, branched  (often  very  compound),  the  flowers  sweet-scented  ;  berries  small  (less  than  \ 
inch  in  diameter),  purple-black  with  a  heavy  blue  bloom,  sour  and  usually  austere,  generally 
ripening  late  (even  after  frost) ;  seeds  rather  small  and  distinctly  pyriform.  —  Spec.  i.  203, 
in  part  (see  Britton  in  Bailey,  Am.  Gard.  xiv.  353)  ;  Bailey,  Am.  Gard.  xiv.  353,  with  plate  ; 
Rusby,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v.  221  ;  Munson,  Rev.  Vit.  iii.  161.  V.  riparia,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  231  ; 
Sims,"Bot.  Mag.  t  2429  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl  i.  244  ;  Planch.  1.  c.  352  ;  Millffrdet,  Vignes  Am. 
159,  t.  18,  19,  23;  Engelm.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  233,  &  Bu.shberg  Cat.  ed.  3,  18;  Munson, 
Trans.  Am.  Hort.  Soc.  iii.  131,  Proc.  Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx.  97,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  9,  Gard.  & 
For.  iii.  474,  &  Am.  Gard.  xii.  659;  Foe.x,  Vitic.  49;  Viala  &  Ravaz,  Vignes  Am.  132. 
V.  serotina,  Bartram,  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  i.  22.  V.  odoratissima,  Donn,  Hort.  Cantab,  ed.  6, 
62.  ?  V.  IlUnornsis,  &  V.  Missouriensis,  Prince,  Vine,  184,  185.  ?  V.  tenuifolia,  LeConte, 
Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  vi.  271,  &  Flora,  1853,  707.  V.  cordifolia,  var.  riparia.  Gray,  Man. 
ed.  5,  113.  V.  vulpina,  var.  riparia,  Regel,  Act.  Hort.  Petrop.  ii.  395.  —  New  Brunswick, 
ace.  to  Macoun,  to  N.  Dakota,  Kansas,  and  Colorado,  and  south  to  W.  Virginia,  Missouri, 
and  N.  W.  Texas;  the  commonest  grape  in  the  Northern  States  west  of  New  England, 
particularly  abundant  along  streams.  Variable  in  the  flavor  and  maturity  of  the  fruit. 
Forms  with  petioles  and  under  surfaces  of  leaves  pubescent  sometimes  occur.  Occasionally 
hybridizes  with  V.  Labrusca  eastward,  the  hybrid  being  known  by  the  tomentose  young 
shoots  and  unfolding  leaves,  and  the  darker  foliage  which  is  marked  with  rusty  tomentura 
along  the  veins  of  the  less  jagged  leaves. 

Var.  preecOX,  Bailey,  n.  comb.,  is  the  June  Grape  of  Missouri,  the  little  sweet  fruits 
ripening  in  July.  —  V.  riparia,  var.  pnacox,  Engelm.  ace.  to  Bailey,  Am.  Gard.  xiv.  353. 


Vitis.  VITACE.E.  423 

V.  Treleasei,  Mi'NSOn,  in  lierb.  Plant  slirulihy  and  murh  liranrherl,  climbing;  little,  the  «niall 
and  mostly  short  (jjeni-rally  shorter  than  the  leaveH)  temlrils  deciduous  tlie  tirst  year  unles« 
finding  support,  internodes  sliort,  the  diapliragnis  twice  thicker  (about  j^  inch)  than  iu  I'. 
luil/tiiut  and  sliallow-biconcave :  stipules  less  than  one  ijuarter  iw  lar^e  a»  in  V.  vul/iiud  P 
leaves  lar<;e  and  j^rcen,  very  broad-ovate  or  even  reniforni-*>vate  (often  wider  than  lonj;), 
thin,  glabrous  and  shining  on  both  surfaces,  the  basal  sinus  very  broad  and  open  and  making 
no  distinct  angle  with  tiie  jietiole,  the  margin  uneiiualiy  note  h-toothed  (not  jagged  :us  in  I'. 
vulin'iui)  and  indistinctly  .•Mobed,  tiie  apex  much  shorter  than  in  I',  vnlpimt  :  fertile  (lowers 
with  very  siiort  recurved  stamens,  sterile  with  iL>»ccnding  stamens  :  cluster  small  ('1  to  3  incliex 
long);  the  l)errics  \  incli  or  less  thick,  black  with  a  thin  bloom,  ripening  three  weeks  later 
than  r.  vulfiina  wlien  grown  in  tiie  same  jdaco,  tiiiuskinned  ;  pulp  juicy  and  sweet;  seeds 
small. —  Brewster  County,  S.  W.  Texiis,  E.  L.  Gatjc,  and  New  Mexico  t<i  Hradshaw  Moun- 
tains, Arizona.  Little  known,  .ind  jw.s.siidy  a  dry<-ountry  form  of  V.  ru//>in(i.  In  habit  it 
suggests  ]'.  Arizoiiira,  var.  i/ltihra,  from  which  it  is  distinguisheil,  am<iiig  other  things,  by 
its  decidedly  earlier  (lowering  and  larger  leaves  with  coarser  teeth  and  less  jjointed  ape.x. 

V.  Longii,  I'iunce.  Differs  from  vigorous  forms  of  V.  viil/n'ita  in  having  flocco.se  or  pul)e8- 
cent  young  growth  :  leaves  decidedly  more  circular  in  outline  with  more  angular  teeth  an<l 
duller  in  color,  often  distinctly  pube.scent  beneath  :  stamens  in  fertile  flowers  short  and 
weak  and  laterally  reflexed,  tho.se  in  sterile  flowers  long  and  strong:  seeds  larger. — \ine, 
184  (1830).  r.  Soloiiis,  Planch.  Vignes  Am.  1 1'.»,  &  in  DC.  Monogr.  Pliauer.  v.  .•}.'J4  ;  Engelm. 
Bushberg  Cat.  ed.  3,  18 ;  Munson,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  9,  Am.  Card.  xii.  660,  &  Rev.  Vit.  iii. 
159;  Foex,  Vitic.  121  ;  Viala  &  Ravaz,  Vignes  Am.  202.  T.  Xucvo-McxiraiKi.Leniuum  in 
Munson,  Trans.  Am.  Ilort.  Soc.  iii.  132  ;  Munson,  Wine  &  Fruit  Gr.  vii.  8.")  (188.')),  Proc.  Am. 
Pom.  Soc.  XX.  97,  &  Proc.  Soc.  Prom.  Agr.  Sci.  18S7,  .'J9.  —  N.  W.  Texa.s  and  New  Mexico. 
Regarded  by  Frendi  authors  as  a  hybrid,  the  species  V.  nipeslris,  vul/iirtii,  ra  ml  leans,  ainl  cor- 
difolia  having  been  suggested  as  its  probalde  parents.  It  is  variable  in  character.  In  most  of 
its  forms  it  would  be  taken  for  a  compound  of  V.  rupestris  and  1'.  viil/n'nti,  but  the  latter 
species  is  not  known  to  occur  in  most  of  its  range.  It  was  very  likely  originally  a  hybrid 
between  I',  rupestris  (whidi  it  .sometimes  closely  resembles  iu  herbarium  sj)eciuiens  save  for 
its  woolliness)  and  some  tonientose  species  (possibly  with  W  Arizonica  or  I'.  D(tani<ina),  but 
it  is  now  so  widely  distributed  and  grows  so  far  removed  from  its  suppo.sed  parents  and 
occurs  in  such  great  (pumtity  in  certain  areas,  that  for  taxonomic  purposes  it  must  be  kej)t 
distinct.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  it  has  originated  at  different  places  as  the  product  of  unlike 
hybridizations.  Late  French  writers  designate  the  jagged-leaved  forms  as  V.  Solonis.  and 
the  dentate  forms  as  V.  Nuevo-Mexicann.  This  interesting  grape  was  found  some  thirty 
years  ago  by  Engelmann  in  the  Botanic  Garden  of  Berlin  under  the  name  of  Vitls  Solonis, 
without  history.  Engelmann  guesses  (Bushberg  Cat.  ed.  3,  18)  the  name  to  be  a  corrup- 
tion of  "Long's."  It  is  probable  that  tlie  plant  was  sent  to  Eurt)pean  gardens  as  ]'ilis 
Lonip'l  —  very  likely  from  Prince's  nursery  —  and  the  name  was  misread  on  the  label. 
The  original  name,  whidi  was  duly  publisiied  by  Prince  witli  description,  may  now  be 
restored. 

Var.  microsperma,  Bah.ev,  n.  comb.  (!'.  Solonis,  var.  mlcrospermn,  ^lunson,  Bev. 
Vit.  iii.  160),  is  a  very  vigorous  and  small-seeded  form,  which  is  very  resistant  to  drought. — 
Ked  Kiver.  N.  Texas." 

V.  Champini,  Planch.  Probably  a  hybrid  of  T'.  rupestris  or  1'.  Berlandieri  and  T'.  cnndi- 
cans,  bearing  medium  to  large  reniform  or  reniform-cordate  leaves  which  are  variously 
pubescent  or  cobwebby  but  become  glabr<nis,  the  growing  tips  mostly  white-tomento^e  : 
berries  very  large  and  excellent. — .Tour.  Vigne  Am.  vi.  22,  ix.  192,  &  iu  DC.  Monogr. 
Phaner.  v.  327;  Munson,  Trans.  Am.  Ilort.  Soc.  iii.  137  (as  liybrid),  Proc.  Am.  Pom.  Soc. 
XX.  97,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  11,  (Jard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  661,  t.  opp.  j..  .'J79,  & 
Rev.  Vit.  iii.  81  ;  Foex,  Vitic.  118;  Viala  &  Havaz,  Vignes  Am.  192.  — S.  W.  Texas.  In 
some  jdiices  a.ssociated  with  V.  cnndlcans,  Berlandleri,  and  mmticola  only,  and  in  others  w  ith 
the  above  and  I',  rupestris.     Often  found  composing  dense  thickets. 

=  =  Diaphragms  verv  thick  and  strong  :  young  shoots  bright  red  :  leaves  often  strongly 
lobed. 

V.  palmata,  Vmh..  (I{i;r>  or  Cat  Gkatk.)  A  slender  but  .^tronggrowing  vine,  with 
small  long-jointed  angled  red  glabrous  herb-like  shoots  and  red  petioles;  leaves  small  to 


424  \^TACE.E.  Vitis. 

medium,  ovate-acuminate,  dark  green  and  glossy,  sometimes  indistinctly  pubescent  on  the 
nerves  below,  the  sinus  obtuse,  tiie  blade  either  nearly  continuous  in  outline  or  (commonly) 
prominentlv  lobed  or  even  parted,  coarsely  notched  :  stamens  in  the  sterile  flowers  long  and 
erect:  clusters  loose  and  long-peduncle<l,  l)ranclied  ;  the  flowers  opening  late;  berries  small 
and  late  {\  to  |  inch  in  diameter),  black  without  l)looni,  with  little  juice  and  commonly  con- 
taining but  a  single  seed,  which  is  large  and  broad.  —  Symb.  iii.  42  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  635  ; 
Engelm.  Bushberg  Cat  ed.  3,  17,  &  Bot.  Gaz.  viii.  254;  Munson,  Trans.  Am.  Hort.  Soc. 
iii.  133,  &  Proc.  Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx.  97  ;  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  ii.  340,  f.  118.  V.  monosjjernui, 
Michx.  Journ.  124.  T.  rubra,  Michx.  ace.  to  Planch,  in  DC.  Monogr.  Piianer.  v.  354  ;  Mil- 
lardet,  Vignes  Am.  223 ;  Munson,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  13,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  586,  &  Hev.  Vit.  v. 
165;  Foex,  Vitic.  48 ;  Viala  &  Ravaz,  Vignes  Am.  145.  V.  riparia,  var.  pahnata,  Planch. 
1.  c.  352.  —  A  handsome  plant ;  Illinois  and  Missouri  to  Louisiana  and  Texas. 
^_  ^_  CordlfoUa-\\ke  grapes,  witli  thickish  and  dull-colored  or  grayish  green  leaves  often 
holding  some  close  dull  pubescence  below  at  maturity  (and  the  shoots  and  leaves  nearly 
always  more  or  less  pubescent  when  young),  the  teeth  mostly  short  or  at  least  not  deep- 
cut,  the  point  mostly  triangular  and  conspicuous. 

•H-  Plant  strong  and  climbing,  with  stout  persistent  tendrils. 
=  Young  shoots  terete,  and  glabrous  or  very  soon  becoming  so. 
V.  COrdifolia,  Michx.  (Tr0e  Frost  Grape,  Chicken,  Raccoon,  or  Winter  Grape.) 
One  of  the  most  vigorous  of  American  vines,  climbing  to  the  tops  of  the  tallest  trees,  and 
sometimes  making  a  trunk  1  or  2  feet  in  dianaeter :  internodes  long  ;  the  diaphragms  thick 
and  strong  :  petioles  long ;  leaves  long-cordate,  triangular-cordate  witli  a  rounded  base,  or 
cordate-ovate,  undivided  but  sometimes  very  indistinctly  3-lobed  or  3-angled,  tlie  basal  sinus 
rather  deep  and  narrow  and  normally  acute,  the  margin  with  large  angular  acute  teetli  of 
different  sizes  and  the  point  long  and  acute,  the  upper  surface  glossy  and  the  lower  bright 
green  and  either  becoming  perfectly  glabrous  or  bearing  some  close  and  fine  inconspicuous 
grayish  pubescence  on  the  veins  :  stamens  erect  in  the  sterile  flowers  and  short  reflexed- 
curved  in  the  fertile  ones  :  clusters  long  and  very  many-flowered,  most  of  the  pedicels 
branched  or  at  least  bearing  a  cluster  of  flowers  ;  berries  numerous  and  small  (about  |  inch 
in  diameter),  in  a  loose  bunch,  black  and  only  very  slightly  glaucous,  late  and  persistent, 
with  a  thick  skin  and  little  pulp,  becoming  edible  after  frost ;  seeds  medium  and  broad.  — 
FI.  ii.  231  ;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  169  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  634  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  244  ;  Engelm.  Am. 
Nat.  ii.  321,  ix.  269,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  2.33,  &  Bushberg  Cat.'ed.  3,  17  ;  Planch.  1.  c.  3.50; 
Millardet,  Vignes  Am.  169,  t.  18,  19,  23  ;  Munson,  Trans.  Am.  Hort.  Soc.  iii.  133,  Proc.  Am. 
Pom.  Soc.  xx.  97,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  1.3,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  586,  &  Rev.  Vit. 
V.  165;  Foex,  Vitic.  41  ;  Britton  in  Bailey,  Am.  Gard.  xiv.  353  ;  Viala  &  Ravaz,  Vignes, 
Am.  93.  V.  puUaria,  LeConte,  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  vi.  273,  &  Flora  1853,  708.  V.  ruljiina, 
var.  cordifolia,  Regel,  Act.  Hort.  Petrop.  ii.  394.  —  In  thickets  and  along  streams  from 
Pennsylvania  (and  probably  S.  New  York)  to  E.  Kansas  and  southwards  to  Florida  and 
Texas. 

Var.  fdetida,  Engelm.,  has  fetidly  aromatic  berries,  and  grows  in  the  Missi.ssippi 
Valley.  — Am.  Nat.  ii.  321. 

Var.  sempervirens,  Mttnson.  A  glossy-leaved  form  holding  its  foliage  very  late  in 
tlic  season  :  leaves  sometimes  suggesting  forms  of  V.  palmata.  —  Rev.  Vit.  v.  165,  f.  53. — 
S.  Florida. 

Var.  Helleri,  Bailey,  n.  var.  Leaves  more  circular  (i.  e.,  lacking  the  long  point),  and 
the  teeth  round-obtuse  and  ending  in  a  short  mucro.  —  Kerr  County,  S.  Texas,  1600  to  2000 
feet,  Heller,  no.  1750. 

=  =  Young  shoots  angled,  and  covered  tlie  first  year  with  tomentum  or  wool. 
V.  Baileyana,  Munson.  ('Possum  Grape.)  Less  vigorous  climber  than  V.  cordifolia, 
Tuthv.r  slender,  with  short  internodes  and  very  many  short  side  shoots :  petioles  shorter  and 
often  pubescent ;  leaves  frequently  smaller,  the  larger  ones  shortly  but  distinctly  3-lobed 
(lobes  mostly  pointed  and  much  spreading),  bright  green  but  not  shining  above  and  gray 
below  and  pubescent  at  maturity  only  on  tlic  veins,  the  point  only  rarely  prolonged  and 
often  muticous,  the  teeth  comparatively  small  and  notch-like  and  not  prominently  acute, 
sinus  more  open :  floral  organs  very  small ;   the  stamens  reflexed  in  the  fertile  flowers : 


Vili^.  VITACK.E.  420 

pedicels  short,  niakinc;  tlie  Imnch  vorv  conijact :  bcrrien  about  tlio  size  of  V.  mrdifnlui.  black 
aiid  nearly  or  (juiti'  bloomk-ss,  late ;  sfc<l  small  ami  notciuMl  on  top. —  Vitin  Hailevana  (a 
leaflet  issued  .June  20,  IS'J3),  &.  Kev.  Vit.  vi.42l  ;  Itusby,  Meni.  'I'orr.  Cluli,  v.  220.  V.  Vir- 
(jinitina,  Muu.son,  Wild  (irapcs  N.  A.  U,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  475,  &  Am.  (iard.  xii.  659,  not 
Lam. —  .Mountain  valleys,  800  to  .'JOOO  feet  altitude,  Sontliwe.stern  \'irj;iriia  anil  adjacent 
We,-<t  \'iri;inia  and  Western  North  Carolina,  Tennessee  and  N.CIeorfjia;  also  . it  eonumm 
levels  in  the  uplands  of  West<entral  (ieor^ia.  'I'he  eiustern  counterpart  of  I',  litrliindieri. 
V.  Berlandieri,  1'i.anch.  (MorNT.viN,  Spanish,  Fall,  or  Wintkk  (Jkai-k.)  A  8t<Kky 
moderately  climliing  vine,  with  mostly  short  internodes  and  rather  thick  diaphra^^ms : 
leaves  medium-larj^e,  broadly  eor(late-<jvate  orcordate-oriticular  (frei|uently  as  broad  as  lonj;), 
glabrous  au<l  glos.sy  ai)Ove,  covered  at  first  with  gray  i)ubescence  ImIow  but  becoming  gla- 
brous and  even  glo.s.sy  except  ou  the  veins,  the  sinus  mostly  invertefl-l'-shaped  in  outline  but 
often  acute  at  the  point  of  insertion  of  the  petiole,  the  margin  distinctly  angled  above 
or  shortly  3-lobed  and  marked  by  rather  large  o]ien  notch-like  acute  teeth  of  varving 
size,  the  apex  mostly  jnonounced  an<l  triangular-])ointed  :  stamens  long  and  ascending  in 
the  .sterile  flowers,  laterally  recurved  in  the  fertile  ones  :  clu.sters  compact  and  compound, 
mostly  .strongly  shouldered,  bearing  numerous  medium  to  small  (^  inch  or  le.ss  in  diameter) 
purple  and  slightly  glaucous  very  late  berries  which  are  juicy  and  j)lea.sant-tasted  ;  seed  (fre- 
quently oidy  I)  medium  to  small. — Compt.  Rend.  Acad.  Sci.  Paris,  xci.  425-428,  Jour. 
Vigue  Am.  1880,  .■H8,  &  in  DC.  Mouogr.  Phaner.  v.  341  ;  Foex,  Vitic.  42;  Munson,  Gard. 
&  For.  iii.  475,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  14,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  65!i,  Rev.  Vit.  iii.  81,  &  vi.  422,  f.  62  ; 
Viala  &  Ravaz,  Vignes  Am.  71.  V.  montlrohi,  Engelm.  Uushberg  Cat.  ed.  3,  15;  Millardet, 
Vignes  Am.  199,  t.  21  ;  Munson,  Trau.s.  Am.  Ilort.  Soc.  iii.  134,  &  Proc.  Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx. 
97  ;  not  Buckley.  1'.  astivalis,  var.  moiitico/a,  Engelm.  Am.  Nat.  ii.  321. —  Limestone  soils 
along  streams  and  hills,  S.  W.  Texas.  Well  marked  by  the  gray-veinerl  under  surface  of  the 
leaves.     (Adj.  Mex.) 

V.  Cinerea,  En<;i:lm.  (Sweet  Winter  Ghai-e.)  Climbing  high,  with  medium  to  long 
internodes  and  thick  and  strong  diaphragms :  leaves  large,  broadly  cordate-ovate  to  trian- 
gular-cordate-ovate (generally  longer  than  broad),  the  sinus  mostly  wide  and  obtuse,  the 
margin  small-notched  (teeth  much  smaller  than  in  T'.  lierhmdieri)  or  sometimes  almost 
entire,  mostly  distinctly  and  divaricately  3-angled  or  shortly  3-lobed  towards  tlie  apex,  the 
triangular  apex  large  and  j)rominent,  the  upper  surface  cobwebby  when  young  but  becoming 
dull  dark  green  (not  glossy),  the  under  surface  remaining  ash-gray  or  dungray  webby- 
pubescent:  stamens  in  .sterile  flowers  long,  slender  and  ascending,  in  the  fertile  ones  short, 
and  laterally  recurved  :  cluster  mostly  loose  and  often  straggling,  containing  many  small 
black  berries,  the.se  only  slightly  if  at  all  glaucous,  rijiening  very  late,  and  after  frost 
becoming  sweet  and  plea.sant ;  seeds  small  to  medium.  —  Bushberg  Cat.  ed.  3,  16;  IMancb. 
1.  c.  343  ;  Millardet,  Vignes  Am.  193,  t.  18,  20,  24  ;  Muu.son,  Trans.  Am.  Ilort.  Soc.  iii.  i;w, 
Proc.  Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx.  97,  Wild  Gr.apes  N.  A.  14,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  475,  Am.  Gard.  xii. 
659,  &  Rev.  Vit.  vi.  423.  f.  63  ;  Foex,  Vitic.  39  ;  Viala  &  Ravaz,  Vignes  Am.  99.  I',  astivalis, 
YAT.  ^  rinfiea,  Kngelm.  in  (Jray,  Man.  ed.  5,  679. — Along  .streams,  mostly  in  limy  soils, 
Central  Illinois  to  Kansas  and  Texas  ;  also  N.  Florida.  Readily  distinguished  from  I',  asti- 
valis by  the  tri:uigular-to])ped  sharply  3-lobed  ash-gray  leaves  and  the  gray  tomeuturo  of 
the  young  growth.     (Me.x.) 

Var.  Floridana,  Munson.  Growing  tips  rusty-tomentose,  a.s  are  .sometimes  the  veins 
on  the  undersides  of  the  leaves:  cluster  longer-jieduncled  and  more  compound.  —  Wild 
Gra])es  N.  A.  14,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  &  Rev.  Vit.  vi.  424.  —  Manatee  Co.,  Florida,  and  aji- 
parently  alst)  in  Arkansas  ;  not  unlikely  a  compound  with  \'.  astiralis,  but  the  leaves  ha\e 
the  characteristic  shape  of  ^'.riiiircd.  Not  to  be  confounded  with  any  form  of  V.  CariUni, 
DC,  because  of  the  lobed  triangular-top])ed  leaves  and  much  larger  teeth. 

Var.  canescens,    Bailey,  n.  comb.     A  form  with  rounded  or  heart-like  leaves,  the 

upper  h.ilf  of  the  leaf  Licking  the  triangular  and  3-lobed  shape  of  the  type. —  V.  a-stiralis, 

var.  ranfsrpits,  Engelm.  Am.  Nat.  ii.  32\,  ^fide  spec,  in   herb.  Gr.-xy.  —  St.  Lonis,  Missouri, 

Engelmann,  Efjfjert,  and  S.  Illinois,  Srhnerk,  to  Texas,  Wriijht,  and  Cnrtiss  no.  453  a,  in  part. 

++  -w-  Plant  scarcely  climbing,  the  tendrils  perishing  if  failing  to  find  support. 

V.  Arizonica,  F.n.;ei.m.  (Canon  Gkai-e.)  Plant  weak,  much  branched,  with  short  inter- 
nodes and  thick  diaphragms,  branchlets  angled  :   leaves  mostly  small,  cordate-ovate  and 


426  VITACE.E.  VUis. 

with  a  prominent  triangular-pointed  apex,  the  sinus  broad  or  the  base  of  the  blade  even 
truncate,  tlie  teeth  many  and  small  and  pointed  or  mutrouate,  the  margin  either  continuous 
or  very  indistinctly  3-lobed  (or  sometimes  prominently  lobed  on  young  growths),  the  leaves 
and  shoots  white-woolly  when  young,  but  becoming  nearly  glabrous  with  age :  stamens 
ascending  in  sterile  flowers  and  recurved  in  the  fertile  ones:  bunches  small  and  compound, 
not  greatly,  if  at  all,  exceeding  tiie  leaves,  bearing  20  to  40  small  black  berries  of  pleasant 
taste  ;  seeds  2  to  3,  medium  size.  —  Am.  Nat.  ii.  321,  ix.  268,  &  Eusbberg  Cat.  ed.  3,  16  ; 
rianch.  1.  c.  340  ;  Millardet,  Vignes  Am.  229  ;  Munson,  Trans.  Am.  Hort.  Soc.  iii.  132,  Proc. 
Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx.  97,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  10,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  &  Am.  Gard.  xii.  660 ; 
Fuex,  Vitic.  48  ;  Viala  &  Ravaz,  Vignes  Am.  131.  V.  Arizonensis  [Parry],  Hep.  Dept.  Agric. 
1870,  416.  r.  rts//r<7/7,s,  var.  ?  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  27  ;  Torr.  Pac.  K.  Kep.  vii.  9.  —Along 
river  banks,  W.  Texas  to  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  mostly  south  of  the  35th  parallel,  to 
S.  E.  California.     (Northern  Mex.) 

Var.  glabra,  Munson.  Plant  glabrous,  with  glossy  and  mostly  thinner  and  larger 
leaves. —  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  10,  Ganl.  &  For.  iii.  474,  &  Am.  Gard.  xii.  660.  —  In  mountain 
gulches  and  caiions,  with  the  species  and  ranging  northwards  into  S.  Utah.  Readily  distin- 
guished from  V.  monticola  by  its  triangular-pointed  and  small-toothed  leaves. 
^—  ^—  H—  Orbicular-scallop-leaved  species  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 
V.  Californica,  Bexth.  A  vigorous  species,  tall-climbing  upon  trees  but  making  bushy 
clumps  when  n(jt  finding  support,  the  nodes  large  and  diaphragms  ratlier  tliin  :  leaves  mostly 
round-reniform  (the  broader  ones  the  shape  of  a  horse's  hoof-print),  ratlier  thin,  either  gla- 
brous and  glossy  or  (more  commonly)  cottony-canescent  until  half  grown  and  usually 
remaining  plainly  pubescent  below,  the  sinus  ranging  from  very  narrow  and  deep  to  broad 
and  open,  the  margins  varying  (on  the  same  vine)  from  finely  blunt-toothed  to  coar.sely 
scallop-toothed  (the  latter  a  characteristic  feature),  the  upper  portion  of  the  blade  either 
perfectly  continuous  and  rounded  or  sometimes  indistinctly  3-lobed  and  terminating  in  a 
very  short  apex  :  bunches  medium,  mostly  loug-peduncled  and  forked,  the  numerous  small 
berries  glaucous-white,  seedy  and  dry  but  of  fair  flavor;  seed  large  {\  to  ^  inch  long), 
prominently  pyriform.  —  Bot.  Sulph.  10;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  45;  Buckley,  Pat.  Off. 
Kep.  1861,  483  ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  105,  mostly  ;  Engelm.  Bushberg  Cat.  ed.  3, 15  ; 
Planch.  1.  c.  339 ;  Millardet,  Vignes  Am.  226 ;  Munson,  Trans.  Am.  Hort.  Soc.  iii.  137,  Proc. 
Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx.  97,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  10,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  475,  &  Am.  Gard.  xii. 
660;  Foex,  Vitic.  32  ;  Viala  &  Havaz,  Vignes  Am.  57.  V.  Cariba?a,Tovv.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
683,  not  DC.  —  Along  streams  in  Central  and  N.  California  and  S.  Oregon.  Leaves  becom- 
ing handsomely  colored  and  mottled  in  fall. 

*   *   Colored-leaved  Grapes,  marked  by  thick  or  at  least  firm  foliage,  the  leaves  promi- 
nently rusty  or  white-tomentose  or  glaucous-blue  below.     V.  ciitereu,  V.  Arizonica,  and 
possibly  T'.  Californica  may  be  sought  here ;  and  late-gathered  forms  of  V.  bicolor  may  be 
looked  for  in  *. 
•i—  Leaves  only  flocculent  or  cobwebby  or  glaucous  below  when  fully  grown  (i.  e.,  not  covered 

with  a  thick  dense  felt-like  tomentum,  except  sometimes  in  V.  Doaniana). 
++  White-tipped  grapes,  comprising  species  with  the  ends  of  the  growing  shoots  and  the 
under  surfaces  of  the  leaves  whitish  or  gray. 
V.  Girdiana,  Munson.  (Valley  Grape.)  Strong  climbing  vine,  with  thick  diaphragms: 
leaves  medium  to  large  and  rather  thin,  broadly  cordate-ovate,  with  a  rather  deep  and 
narrow  sinus  and  nearly  continuous  or  obscurely  3-lobed  outline  (sometimes  markedly  3-lobed 
on  young  shoots),  the  teeth  many  and  small  and  acute,  the  apex  short-triangular  or  almost 
none,  the  under  surface  remaining  closely  ashy-tomentose :  clusters  large  and  very  compound, 
each  one  dividing  into  three  or  four  nearly  equal  sections,  which  are  in  turn  shouldered 
and  thyrse-like ;  berries  small,  black  and  slightly  glaucous,  the  skin  thin  but  tough,  pulp 
finally  becoming  sweet ;  seeds  medium  in  size,  pyriform.  —  Proc.  Soc.  Prom.  Agr.  Sci.  1887, 
59,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  10,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  &  Am.  Gard.  xii.  660.  —  S.  California,  south 
of  tlie  36th  parallel.  Differs  from  V.  Californica  in  the  more  pubescent  shoots  and  foliage, 
smaller  and  sharp  teeth,  decompound  clusters,  smaller  less  glaucous  berries,  and  smaller 
seeds.  Shoots  of  V.  Californica  often  bear  leaves  with  small  and  muticous  teeth,  and  such 
specimens  without  the  flower-clusters  are  difficult  to  distinguish  from  this  species.     Some 


Vilis.  VITACK/E.  427 

of  the  forms  which  have  been  referred  to  I'.  Girdiana  are  evidently  hybrids  with  tlie  wine- 
grape,  r.  riiii/eni ;  and  at  best  the  plant  is  iiii|)crfeitly  understixxl  and  its  iiieritH  xs  a 
sj)fcies  are  yet  to  be  determined. 
V.  Doaniana,  Minson.  I'lant  vifrdrous,  diinbin/^  high  or  remaining  bushy  if  failing  to 
find  su|»port,  with  siiort  internodes  and  ratiier  tiiin  diaphragms  :  leaves  bluish  green  in  cast, 
mostly  large,  tliick  and  firm,  cordate-ovate  or  round-ovate  in  outline,  l»earing  a  prominent 
triangular  apex,  the  sinus  eitiier  deep  or  shallow,  the  margins  with  very  large  angular 
notch-like  teetii  and  m>)re  or  less  prominent  lobes,  the  under  surface  usuailv  remaining 
densely  i)ubescent  and  the  upper  surface  more  or  less  Hoccose :  cluster  medium  to  small, 
bearing  large  (|  inch  and  less  in  diameter)  Mack  glaucous  berries  of  excellent  qualitv  ; 
seeds  large  (J  to  jj  indi  lung),  distinctly  pyriform.  —  Wild  (irapes  N.  A.  9,  Gard.  &  For. 
iii.  474,  Am.  (iard.  xii.  G(JO,  &  Hev.  \'it.  iii.  100;  \'iala  &  Havaz,  Vignes  Am.  204  (considering 

it  a  hybrid  of  F.  canJicdiis  and  the  V.  Lmii/ii  group) ;  Sears,  (Jard.  &  For.  ix.  4.54,  f.  S'J. 

Chiefly  in  N.  \V.  Texas,  but  ranging  from  Greer  Co.,  Oklahoma,  to  beyond  the  I'ecos  Hiver 
in  New  Mexico.  The  species  varies  greatly  in  pubescence,  some  specimens  being  verv 
nearly  glabrous  at  maturity  and  others  densely  wliite-tomentose.  The  plant  would  pa.s8  at 
once  as  a  liybri<l  of  I',  nil/nna  and  I',  niiiiliains  excejit  that  the  former  does  n(jt  often  occur 
in  its  range.  It  is  very  likely  a  hybrid,  however,  and  V.  candicans  seems  to  be  one  of  the 
parents. 

++  ++  Rusty-tipped  grapes,  comprising  the  ajstivalian  group,  the  unfolding  leaves  and 
(except  in  V.  birolor)  the  young  shoots  distinctly  ferrugineous,  ami  the  mature  leaves 
either  rusty  or  bluish  below,  or  sometimes  becoming  green  in  ]'.  bicolur. 
V.  aestivalis,  Micux.  (Simmer,  Brxcn,  or  1'igeon  Gkai-k.)  Strong  tall-climbing  vine, 
witii  medium-short  internodes,  thick  diaphragms,  and  often  jiubescent  petioles :  leaves  mostlv 
large,  thinnish  at  first  but  becoming  rather  thick,  ovate-cordate  to  round-cordate  in  out- 
line, the  sinus  either  deep  (the  ba.sal  lobes  often  overlapping)  or  broad  and  open,  the  limb 
always  lobed  or  prominently  angled,  the  lobes  either  .*$  or  5.  in  the  latter  ca.se  the  lubal 
sinuses  usually  enlarged  and  rounded  at  the  extremity,  the  apex  of  the  leaf  broadlv  and 
often  obtusely  triangular,  the  upper  surface  dull  and  becoming  glabrous  and  the  under 
surface  retaining  a  covering  of  copious  rusty  or  red-brown  pubescence  which  clings  to  the 
veins  and  draws  together  in  many  small  tufty  masses :  stamens  in  fertile  flowers  reflexed 
and  laterally  bent :  clusters  mostly  long  and  long-peduucled,  not  greatly  branched  or  even 
nearly  simple  (mo.stly  interrupted  wiien  in  flower),  bearing  small  (\  inch  or  le.<s  in  diameter) 
black  glaucous  berries,  which  have  a  tough  skin  and  a  pulp  ranging  from  drvish  anil  as- 
tringent to  juicy  and  sweet ;  seeds  medium  size  (\  inch  or  less  long),  two  to  four.  —  ¥\.  ii. 
230  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  634  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  244  ;  Engelm.  Am.  Nat.  ii.  321,  &  Bushberg  Cat. 
ed.  3,  16;  Planch.  1.  c.  334;  Millardet,  \'ignes  Am.  185,  t.  20,  23;  Munson,  Tran.s!'Am. 
Ilort.  Soc.  iii.  134,  Proc.  Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx.  97,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  12,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474, 
47.'),  Am.  Gard.  xii.  584,  &  Ilev.  Vit.  v.  164;  Brittou  in  Bailey,  Am.  (iard.  xiv.  353;  P^oex, 
Vitic.  37  ;  Viala  &  Havaz,  Vignes  Am.  69.  V.  si/lceslris,  occidentals,  &  Aiiicriciimi,  Bartram, 
Med.  Pep.  hex.  2,  i.  21,  23.  1'.  Nortoni,  Prince,  Vine,  186.  V.  Labriisca,  var.  astimiis, 
Kegel,  Act.  Hort.  Petrop.  ii.  396.  V.  bracteata,  &  V.  araneosiis,  LeConte,  Proc.  Acail. 
Philad.  vi.  271,  272,  &  Flora,  1853,  708.  (There  are  specimens  in  herb.  Aca<l.  Philatl.  labelle.l 
V.  araneosits,  as  if  LeConte's  type,  but  there  is  no  proof  that  they  are  his  type.  These 
specimens  are  V.  clnerea,  which  is  not  known  to  occur  in  "the  upper  jtarts  of  Georgia,"  to 
which  r.  araneosits  is  credited  ;  moreover,  the  "more  or  le.ss  ferruginous"  leaves  belong  to 
V.  (fsticalis  rather  than  to  V.  cinerea.) — Chemung  Co.,  New  York  (T.  F.  Luri/),  and  Long 
Island  to  Central  Florida  {Xash,  no.  525,  Dalle ij),  and  we.stward  through  Southern  Pennsxl- 
vania  to  the  Mississijjpi  and  Missouri.  A  marked  type  among  American  grajie.s,  being 
readily  distinguished  from  other  .species  by  the  reddish  fuzz  of  the  under  sides  of  the  leaves. 
Most  of  the  tomentose-leaved  species  have  been  at  one  time  or  another  confoumled  with  it, 
but  when  allowed  to  stand  by  itself,  it  is  not  a  difficult  species  to  understand. 

Var.  glaiica,  B.mi.ev,  n.  coml>.  Leaves  (and  mature  wood)  glaucous-blue  on  the  IkmIv 
beneath,  but  the  veins  ru.«ty:  berries  and  .seeds  larger. — V-  LlncecninH,\i\T.  qlauca,y\x\\\snw, 
Wibi  Grapes  N.  A.  12,  G.ard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  585.  &  Kev.  Vit.  v.  159. —  s! 
W.  Mis,souri  to  N.  Texa.s.  Much  like  V.  bicolor,  but  leaves  thicker  and  more  pubescent 
below,  and  tips  of  shoots  rusty-tomentose. 


j^28  YTTACE.E.  Vitis. 

Var  Linsecomii,  Munson.  (Post-oak,  Pixe-wood,  or  Tcrket  Grape.)  More 
stock V  than  T.  .t*<(V"//s,  climbing  high  upon  trees  but  forming  a  bushy  clump  when  not 
fiiuliii"-  support:  leaves  densely  toinentose  or  velvety  below:  berries  large  (-^  to  |  incli 
in  (li'inieter)  black  and  glaucous,  mostly  palatable;  seeds  mostly  much  larger  tlian  in 
r  asta-alis  (often  |  inch  long).  — Proc.  Am.  Pom.  Soc.  xx.  97.  l".  dlversifolia,  Prince, 
Vine  183,  not  Wall.  F.  Linsecomii,  Buckley,  Pat.  Off.  Pep.  1861,  485,  Proc.  Acad. 
Philad  1861,  451,  &  1870,  136;  Planch.  1.  c.  338;  Millardet,  Vignes  Am.  211,  t.  21 ;  Mun- 
son  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  12,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  475,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  585,  &  Rev.  Vit.  v. 
159'-  Foex  Vitic.  36;  Viala  &  Kavaz,  Vignes  Am.  66.  —  High  post-oak  (Qnercus  steUuta) 
land's  S  W.  Missouri  to  N.  Texas  and  E.  Louisiana.  Very  likely  derived  from  the 
a'stiualis  type  through  adaptation  to  dry  soils  and  climates.  Perhaps  wortli  recognition  as 
a  geograpliical  .-ipecies.  . 

Var  Bourquiniana,  Bailey,  n.  comb.  A  domestic  offslioot,  represented  m  such 
cidtivat'c.l  varieties  as  Ilerbemont  and  Le  Noir,  differing  from  V.  (tslivalis  in  its  mostly 
tiiinner  leaves  which  (like  the  young  shoots)  are  only  slightly  red-brown  below,  the  pubes- 
cence mostly  cinereous  or  dun-colored  or  the  under  surface  sometimes  blue-green:  berries 
lar^re  and  iuicv,  black  or  amber-colored.—  V.  Bourquiniana,  Munson,  Wild  (irapes  N.  A. 
12,''Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  584,  &  Rev.  Vit.  v.  159;  Viala  &  Ravaz,  Vignes 
Am.  237  (considering  it  a  vinifera-cestiralis  hybriil).  — A  mixed  type,  some  of  it  probably 
a  direct  amelioration  of  F.cEsiu-a/zs,  and  some  hybridized  with  the  wine-grape  {Wvinifera). 
Miu-h  cultivated  south. 

V  bicolor,  LeConte.  (Blue  Gkape,  or  Summer  Grape  of  tlie  North.)  A  strong  high- 
*climl)ing  vine,  with  mostlv  long  iuternodes  and  tliick  diaphragms,  the  young  growth  and 
canes  generally  perfectly  glabrous  and  mostly  (but  not  always)  glaucous-blue,  tendrils  and 
petioles  very  long:  leaves  large,  round-cordate-ovate  in  outline,  glabrous  and  dull  above 
and  very  heavily" glaucous- blue  below,  but  losing  the  bloom  and  becoming  dull  green 
very  late  in  the  season,  those  on  the  young  growth  deeply  3-5-lobed  and  on  the  older 
growths  shallowly  3-lobed,  the  basal  sinus  running  from  deep  to  shallow,  tiie  margins  mostly 
shallow-toothed  or  sinuate-toothed  (at  least  not  so  prominently  notch-toothed  as  in  V.  cesti- 
valis)  ■  cluster  mostly  long  and  nearly  simple  (sometimes  forked),  generally  with  a  long  or 
prominent  peduncle;  the  purple  and  densely  glaucous  berries  of  medium  size  (^  inch  or  less 
in  diameter),  sour  but  pleasant-tasted  when  ripe  (just  before  frost) ;  seeds  rather  small.  — 
Proc  Acad.  Philad.  vi.  272,  &  Flora,  1853,  708;  Planch,  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phaner.  v.  614; 
Munson,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  12,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  Am.  Gard.  xii.  585,  &  Rev.  Vif.  v.  163  ; 
Foex,  Vitic.  37  ;  Viala  &  Ravaz,  Vignes  Am.  68.  V.  argentifilia,  Munson,  Proc.  Soc.  Prom. 
Agr.'sci.  1887,  59.  — Abundant  northwards  along  streams  and  on  banks,  there  taking  the 
place  of  V.  cBstmalis.  Ranges  from  New  York  and  Illinois  to  the  mountains  of  W.  North 
Carolina,  BaiUy,  and  to  W.  Tennessee,  Fendler.  Well  distinguislied  from  V.  asiivalis  (at 
least  in  its  northern  forms)  by  tlie  absence  of  rufous  tomentum,  the  blue-glaucous  small- 
toothed  leaves,  and  long  petioles  and  tendrils.  It  has  been  misunderstood  because  it  loses 
its  glaucous  character  in  the  fall. 

V  Caribeea,  DC.  Climbing,  with  flocculent-woolly  (or  rarely  almost  glabrous)  and  striate 
"slioots  :  tendrils  rarely  continuous  :  leaves  cordate-ovate  or  even  broader  and  mostly  acumi- 
nate-pointed, sometimes  obscurely  angled  above  (but  never  lobed  e.xcept  now  and  then  on 
young  shoots),  becoming  glabrous  above  but  generally  remaining  rufous-tomentose  below, 
the  margins  set  with  very  small  mucro-tipped  sinuate  teeth:  cluster  long  and  long- 
peduncled,  generally  large  and  very  compound  ;  berry  small  and  globose,  purple  ;  seed 
obovate,  grooved  on  the  dor.sal  side.  — Prodr.  i.  634;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  102;  Planch. 
1.  c.  330';  Engelm.  Bushberg  Cat.  ed.  3,  15.  — A  widely  distributed  and  variable  species  in 
the  American  tropics,  running  into  white-leaved  forms  (as  in  V.  Blanroi,  Munson).  Little 
known  in  the  United  States;  Louisiana,  Hooker;  Lake  City,  N.  Florida,  Nash,  no.  2493; 
swamp,  near  Jacksonville,  Florida,  Curliss,  no.  4791. 

H-   -1-  Leaves  densely  tomentose  or  felt-like  beneath  throughout  the  season,  the  covering 

white  or  rusty-white. 
++  Tendrils  intermittent  (every  third  joint  with  neither  tendril  nor  inflorescence  opposite). 

V  candicans,  Esgelm.  (Mustang  Grape.)  Plant  strong  and  high  climbing  with 
densely  woolly 'young  growth  (which  is  generally  rusty-tipped),  and  very  thick  diaphragms: 


Vitv^.  VITACK.E.  42'.) 

leaves  medium  in  size  and  more  or  less  jxiplar-like,  ranging  from  reni form-ovate  to  cordate- 
ovate  or  trianiL^uhir-ovate,  dnil  alnivu  Imt  very  denBidy  wliite-ioiiu-ntoHe  IkjIow  and  on  the 
jietioles,  tlie  Itiisal  siniis  very  hmad  arid  open  or  usually  none  wliatever  (llie  [nine  of  tin-  leaf 
then  nearly  truncate),  deijdy  5-7-lohed  (wilii  enlarging  Munded  ninu»cn)  on  the  Htrong 
shoots  and  more  or  less  indistini-lly  lohed  or  only  angled  on  the  nornuil  growths,  the  niarginN 
wavy  or  sinuate-toothed  :  stamens  in  the  sterile  llowers  lung  and  strong,  those  in  the  fertile 
flowers  very  short  and  laterally  retlexed  :  cluster  small,  mostly  liranehed,  i>earing  a  dozen 
to  twenty  large  (J  inch  or  less  in  diameter)  purple  or  light-«olored  or  even  whitish  Iw-rries, 
which  have  a  thick  skin  and  a  very  disagreeaMe  tiery  flavor;  seeds  large,  pyriform. — 
Kngelin.  in  (iray,  I'l.  Lindli.  j.t.  2,  IGO,  Am.  Nat.  ii.  321,  &  Hushherg  Cat.  ed  .1,  !>) ;  I'lanch. 
1.  c.  32G;  Munson,  Trans.  Am.  Hurt.  Soc.  iii.  I."t7,  I'roc.  Am.  I'om.  Soc.  .\x.  ItT,  Wild  (JrajM-s 
N.  A.  11,  Ciard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  &  Am.  (iard.  xii.  fif.l  ;  Im.Ox,  Vitic.  ."U  ;  \iala  &  Havaz, 
Vignes  Am  61.  1'.  Mustaiifjensis,  Buckley,  I'at.  Off.  Kep.  1801,482,  I'roc.  Acad.  I'hilad. 
1861,  451,  &  1870,  136.  I'.  Lnhnisca,  var.  jicifulUi,  Kegel,  Act.  Hort.  I'etrop.  ii.  3'J6. — 
v..  'lexa-s,  mostly  on  limestone  soils. 

Var.  COriacea,  H.mi.kv,  n.  comli.  (I..k.\theu-lkak  orCAH.oosA  Orai'E.)  Differs 
from  the  siieiies  cliietly  in  licaring  much  smaller  (about  |  inch  in  diameter)  thinner-skinned 
and  more  edilile  grapes  with  mostly  smaller  seeds,  and  perhaps  a  less  tendency  to  very  deep 
lolling  in  the  leaves  on  young  siioots  and  possilily  rather  more  marked  rustiness  on  the  young 
growths.  —  V.  roriareu,  Shuttl.  distr.  pi.  Kugel  (('hai)m.  V\.  S.  States,  71  ) ;  I'lanch.  1.  c.  345; 
Munson.  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  II,  Gard.  &  For.  iii.  474,  &  Am.  Card.  xii.  661  ;  Focx,  \'itic. 
34  ;  Viala  &  Havaz,  Vigues  Am.  61.  V.  ('arihua,  Chapm.  Fl.  71  ;  Munson,  Trans.  Am.  Ilort. 
Soc.  iii.  136;  not  DC.  —  Florida,  chiefly  .southward,  in  which  range  various  Texan  plants 
reappear.  The  more  agreeable  quality  of  the  fruit  is  probably  the  result  of  a  more  e<iuable 
and  moister  climate. 

V.  Simpsoni,  Mlnson.  Distinguished  by  mostly  much-cut  leaves  on  the  young  shoots 
and  coniiiaratively  thin  large  and  large-toothed  ones  on  the  main  shoots,  ru.sty-white  tomen- 
tuni  below  and  very  jiromiiiently  brown-tomentose  young  growths,  —  the  character  of  the 
leaves  and  tomentum  varying  widely,  the  foliage  sometimes  becoming  almost  blue-greeu 
below.  — I'roc.  Soc.  I'rom.  Agr.  Sci  1887,  59,  Wild  Grapes  N.  A.  12,  (iard.  &  F'or.  iii.  474, 
Am.  Gard.  xii.  661  (said  to  be  hybrid  of  V.  corlacm  and  V.  cineren),  &  Rev.  Vit.  v.  164, 
f.  52  ;  Viala  &  Havaz,  Vignes  Am.  221  (calling  it  a  hybrid  of  F.  cinerea  and  V.  coriarea). 
—  (Vntral  Florida,  Lake  Co.,  A'a.s/i.  no.  399 ;  Manatee  River,  7?«7«'/,  no.  112,  etc.  This  is 
likelv  a  hvbrid  of  I'.  <istir(ills  and  I',  cmnlirans,  var.  con'acea.  Some  forms  of  it  are  verj- 
like  r.  Liihiiisoi,  and  might  be  mistaken  for  that  species. 

■H-   -H-  Tendrils  mostly  continuous  (a  tendril  or  inflorescence  opposite  every  node). 

V.  Labrusca,  L.  (Fox  Grape,  Skunk  Gkape.)  A  strougvine,  climbing  high  on  thickets 
and  trees  :  voung  shoots  tawny  or  fuscous  with  much  scurfy  down  :  leaves  large  and  thick, 
stronglv  veined  (especially  beneath),  broadly  cordate  ovate,  mostly  obscurely  3-lobed  towards 
the  top  (on  strong  growths  the  sinuses  sometimes  extending  a  third  or  even  half  the 
dejjth  of  the  blade,  and  rounded  and  edentate  at  the  bottom)  or  sometinu's  nearly  con- 
tinmms  in  outliue  and  almost  deltoid-ovate,  the  pctiolar  sinus  mostly  shallow  and  very  oj)en 
(ranging  to  narrow  and  half  or  more  the  length  of  the  petiole),  the  margins  shallovrly 
scallop-toothed  with  mucro-iiointed  teeth  (or  sometimes  almo.st  entire),  and  the  apex  and 
lobes  acute,  the  upper  surface  dull  green  and  becoming  glabrous  but  the  lower  surface 
denselv  covered  with  a  tawny-white,  ilun-colored  or  red-brown  tonientum  :  stamens  long  and 
erect  in  the  sterile  flowers  ami  (in  wild  forms)  short  and  recurved  in  the  fertile  <>nes:  raceme 
short  (berries  usually  less  than  20  in  wild  types),  generally  simple  or  very  nearly  so,  in  an- 
thesis  about  the  length  of  the  peduncle :  berries  large  and  nearly  spherical,  ranging  from 
purple-black  (the  common  C(dor)  to  red-brown  and  amber-green,  generally  falling  from  the 
peijicel  when  ripe,  variable  in  ta.ste  but  mostly  sweetish  musky  and  sometimes  slightly 
iistringent.  the  skin  thick  and  tough;  seeds  very  large  and  thick.  —  Sjiec.  i.  2(KJ,  in  i>art  ; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  244;  (Jray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  t.  161  ;  F.ngelm.  Hnshberg  Gat.  ed.  3.  14;  Mil- 
lardet,  Vignes  Am.  219;  Mun.xon,  Trans.  .\m.  Ilort.  .Stc.  iii.  136.  l'r»H-.  Am.  Tom.  Soc.  xx. 
97,  &  Rev.  Vit.  V.  157  ;  Hritton  in  Railey,  Am.  Gard.  xiv.  353  ;  Vi.ila  &  Ravaz.  Vignes  Am. 
51.  r.  riiljiinn,  Rartram,  Med.  Rej).  hex.  2,  i.  21.  and  other  authors.  \'.  /ilnm/i.  Prince. 
Vine,  177.      V.  Labrusca,  var.  typira,  Hegel,  Act.  Ilort.  I'etrop.  ii.  395.  —  New  England  and 


430  VITACE^.  Cissus. 

southwards  in  the  Alleghany  region  and  highlands  to  West-central  Georgia.  Not  known  to 
occur  west  of  E.  New  York  in  the  North,  but  reported  from  S.  Indiana,  ^lunson.  The  parent 
of  the  greater  part  of  American  cultivated  grapes.  It  is  often  confounded  with  l".  astiuulis 
in  the  South,  from  which  it  is  distinguished  by  the  habitually  continuous  tendrils,  the  more 
felt-like  leaves  which  are  not  floccose,  and  especially  by  the  small-toothed  leaves,  very  short 
clusters  and  large  berries  and  seeds. 

2.  CiSSUS,  L.^  (Kio-o-os,  Greek  name  of  Ivy.) — A  vast  genus,  mainly 
tropical,  of  various  habit,  the  typical  species  4-merous,  some  of  the  5-merous 
species  near  to  Vitis.  —  Amoen.  Acad.  i.  ed.  Holm.  389,  ed.  Lugd.  Bat.  115,  & 
Gen.  ed.  5,  no.  137.  Atnpelopsis,  Wioicissus,  Cissus,  etc.,  Planch,  in  DC. 
Monogr.  Phaner.  v.  453,  463,  470. 

§  1.  Flowers  mostly  5-merous  and  perfect:  disk  cujiulate  or  at  length  ex- 
planate,  with  barely  lobed  or  crenate  border,  its  base  coherent  with  that  of  the 
ovary:  berries  soon  dry  or  with  scanty  pulp,  inedible:  tendrils  in  ours  few,  and 
mostly  in  the  inflorescence  :  foliage,  etc.,  not  fleshy.  —  Ampelopsis,  Raf.,  Planch., 
and  partly  Michx. 

C.  Ampelopsis,  Pers.  Nearly  glabrous,  moderately  climbing :  leaves  simple  (2  to  4 
inches  Inng),  deltoid-subcordate  or  with  truncate  base,  acutely  serrate,  acuminate,  some- 
times tricuspidate  by  obscure  lateral  lobes:  cupulate  disk  as  high  as  the  ovary  and  free 
almost  to  base :  style  slender :  berries  bluish  or  greenish,  mawkish,  the  size  of  peas.  — Syn. 
i.  142;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  170;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  &  Midd.  States,  266.  Ampelopsis  cordata,  Michx.  Fl. 
i.  159  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  633  ;  Planch.  1.  c.  453.  A.  cordl/olia,  Raf.  Med.  Bot.  ii.  122.  Vitis  indi- 
visa,  Willd.  Berol.  Baum.  ii.  538 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  243.  —  Banks  of  streams,  Virginia 
and  Ohio  to  Illinois,  south  to  Florida  aud  Texas  ;  fl.  spring.     (Mex.) 

C.  stans,  Pees.  Glabrous  or  glabrate,  erect,  rarely  with  a  few  tendrils  and  somewhat 
climbing :  leaves  bipiunately  compound ;  pinniB  and  leaflets  about  2  pairs  and  an  odd  one ; 
leaflets  ovate  and  cuneate-obovate,  incisely  few-toothed :  cymes  shorter  than  the  leaves :  disk 
shorter  than  the  ovary  and  largely  adnate  to  it :  style  conical-subulate  :  berries  dark  purple ; 
seeds  with  a  prominent  and  oval  dor.sal  chalaza.  —  Syn.  i.  143  ;  Pursh,  1.  c.  C.  bipinnata, 
Nutt.  Gen.  i.  144;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  304.  Vitis  arhorea,  L.  Spec.  i.  203;  Marsh.  Arb.  164;  .Tacq. 
Hort.  Schoenb.  iv.  14,  t.  428.  V.  bipinnata,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  243 ;  Chapm.  Fl.  70.  Ampr.- 
lopsis  bipinnata,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  160;  DC.  1.  c. ;  Planch.  1.  c.  461.  Hedera  arborea,  Walt.  Car. 
102.  {Cissus  orientalis,  Lam.,  is  a  related  species  of  Asia  Minor,  with  4-merous  flowers.)  — 
Banks  of  streams,  Virginia  to  S.  Illinois  aud  Missouri,  S.  Florida,  aud  Texas ;  fl.  summer. 
(Mex.,  Cuba.) 

§  2.   Flowers  4-merous  and  mostly  perfect :  disk  cupulate,  united  with  the  base 
of  the  ovary,  the  margin  4-lobed :   tendrils  mostly  strong :  foliage  in  ours  thick 
or  even  fleshy  (detaching  in  drying). — Cissus,  Planch. 
*  Leaves  3 -lobed  or  trifoliolate. 

C.  acida,  L.  A  low  climber,  with  slender  and  striate  somewhat  succulent  branches,  glabrous : 
leaves  trifid  or  trifoliolate ;  the  leaflets  or  divisions  broad-cuneate  and  sharp-toothed  on  top, 
rather  small :  flowers  small,  in  corymb-like  or  umbel-like  clusters :  berry  ovoid  aud  mucro- 
nate,  dark  purple,  with  1  or  2  large  seeds,  the  pedicel  recurved  at  maturity. — Spec.  ed.  2, 
i.  170;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  6.30;  Griseb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  102  ;  Planch.  1.  c.  5.34,  in  part.  Vitis  ncidn, 
Chapm.  Fl.  70.  —  Key  West;  also  in  Arizona,  Pringle,  no.  371,  Lemmon,  no.  5.3.3. 
(W.  Ind.,  Mex.) 

C.  incisa,  Desmoul.  Either  slender  or  a  strong  climber,  sometimes  reaching  20  to  30  feet, 
with  very  fleshy  stems,  the  tendrils  sometimes  penetrating  the  support  like  roots :  leaves 

1  §  1  and  C.  Ampelopsis  &  stans  by  A.  Gray. 


AmjKlupsls.  VITACE.E.  431 

pale  green,  3-parted  or  trifoliolate,  very  fleshy;  the  divisions  or  leaflets  wedge-ovate  and 
mostly  notched  on  the  sides  as  well  as  on  tlie  top,  and  the  middle  one  sometimes  luhed  : 
inflorescence  umliflliform  :  herry  obovuid,  bhickisli,  with  1  or  2  seeds,  the  pedicel  gtrongly 
recurved.  —  Desniuul.  in  Durand,  Monogr.  Vit.  59 ;  Planch.  1.  c.  5.35.  C.  iwisa,  var.  Jiocfuaiiu, 
Carr.  Uev.  Hurt.  hi.  272,  Hgs.  C.  Rorluuiui,  I'lanch.  Jour.  Vigne  Am.  1888,102.  Vitl» 
iiirisd,  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  24.'};  Ciiapm.  Fl.  70.  1'.  aridn,  riancli.  1.  c.,  in  jiart. — 
Arkansas  and  Te.xas;  also  Florida,  St.  Vincent's  I.sl.  and  Ilillshuro  Hiv.r,  Curti.sx,  no.  458, 
and  probably  southward.  Leaves  various.  Nut  unlikely  a  geogra))lii(;il  form  of  tiie  liL^t. 
Root  sometimes  tuberous-thickened. 

#  *  Leaves  not  lobcd. 
C.  sicyoides,  L.,  var.  Floridana,  Planch.  Climbing,  witli  pilose  Ptriato  brandios: 
leaves  ovate-oblong  and  often  acuminate,  subcordate  at  tlie  base,  strongly  nerved,  pubes- 
cent below  (at  least  on  the  veins),  tiie  margin  beset  witii  small  ascending  nmcronate  teeth: 
inflorescence  umbel-like  and  peduncled ;  berry  nearly  gloimlar,  black,  1-seeded.  —  I'lanch. 
in  DC.  Monogr.  Phaner.  v.  530. — S.  Florida:  Caluosaliatchee  Hirer  to  Cape  Sable,  C'nrtiss, 
no.  457*.  A  form  in  whicii  the  flowers  are  transformed  (by  the  fungus  UsiIUkjo  Cissi)  into 
cigar-form  bodies,  tlie  duster  becoming  elongated,  is  S pond  y  I  ant  ha  aji/iylla,  Presl.  —  Cape 
Romano,  Florida,  Curtiss,  and  the  West  Indies. 

3.  AMPEL6PSIS,^  Michx.,  in  part.  ("A/ATreXo?,  tlic  vine,  oi/^is,  likeness.) 
—  E.  North  American  and  Asiatic  woody  climbers,  with  short  and  branched  ten- 
drils, their  tips  often  with  di.sk-like  dilatations  which  adhere  to  impinged  surfaces. 
Cymes  not  tendriliferous.  Flowers  greenish,  sestival.  Leaves  various. —  Fl. 
i.  159,  in  part;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  245;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  1-6,  &  Gen.  111.  ii. 
165,  t.  162.  Quinaria,  Raf.  Am.  Man.  Vines  (1830),  6,  &  Med.  Bot.  ii.  122. 
Landukia  &,  Parthenocissus,  Planch,  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phaner.  v.  446,  447 
(1887). 

A.  tricuspidAta,  Sieb.  &  Zucc.  Fam.  Nat.  Fl.  Jap.  (Ahh.  Akad.  Miinchen,  iv.)  i.  88  (the 
A.  Veltchii  of  gardens),  —  a  Japanese  species,  remarkable  for  its  three  forms  of  leaves,  two 
of  them  simple,  and  the  greater  development  of  what  answers  to  ovarian  disk,  —  is  in  common 
cultivation  as  Jn/mnese  In/,  Jajianese  Creeper,  or  Boston  Vine.  It  promptly  covers  walls,  attach- 
ing itself  firmly  by  means  of  its  very  short  disciferous  tendrils.  .^1.  hetcrophijlla,  Blume  (Lan- 
dukia Landuk,  Planch.)  is  a  clear  congener. 

A.  quinquefolia,  Michx.  (Virginia  Creeper,  "Woodhine  erroneously.)  Tall  vine, 
climbing  by  both  disciferous  tendrils  and  aerial  rootlets,  with  warty  and  dark-colored  canes: 
leaves  palmately  .3-7-foliolate,  but  normally  5-foliolate,  the  leaflets  ovate  or  obovate  to  oblong- 
ovate,  cuneate-obovate  or  even  oblong-lanceolate,  upon  distinct  petiolules,  ranging  from 
coarsely  serrate  to  dentate,  notched  or  even  incised-dentate,  mostly  acuminate,  generally 
glabnms  or  soon  becoming  so:  cymes  various  but  mostly  broadly  dichotomous,  sometimes 
elong.ated  and  leafy :  berries  globular,  the  size  of  pea.s,  purjde  witii  a  dark  blue  bloom,  the 
pulp  thin  and  subacid.  — Fl.  i.  160;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  114;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  245  (and 
var.  hirsuta);  Gray,  Gen.  Ill  ii.  t.  162.  .1.  hederacea,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  633 ;  Loud.  Arb.  i.  482, 
f.  146.  A.  hirsuta,  Donn,  Hort.  Cantab,  ed.  6,  62;  DC.  I.e.  633.  Vitis  hederacea,  Ehrh. 
Beitr.  vi.  85.  V.  quinqnefolia,  Lam.  111.  ii.  135.  Hedera  quinquefolia,  L.  Spec.  i.  202.  Quinaria 
hederacea,  &  Q.  hirsuta,  Raf.  Med.  Bot.  ii.  122.  Cissus  hederacea,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  143.  Par- 
thenocissus quinquefolia  and  vars.  ti/j>ica,  hirsuta,  &  laciniata.  Planch,  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phaner. 
V.  449.  —  Rich  woods  and  banks,  Quebec  to  Winnipeg  and  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  to 
S.  Florida,  Texas,  and  New  Mexico.     (Cul)a.) 

Var.  vitdcea,  Knerr.  Aerial  roots  none,  and  tendrils  little  or  not  at  all  disciferous 
(the  vine  tlierofore  not  dinging  well)  ;  the  canes  smoother:  cymes  rather  more  dichotO" 
mous  and  open  :  berries  larger  and  earlier.  —  Bot.  Gaz.  xviii.  70.  Parthenocissus  vitaceot 
Hitchcock,  Spring  Fl.  Maniiattan,  26  (1894).  —  Michigan  to  Kansas. 

1  Remarks  under  genus,  and  account  of  A.  tricuspidala,  by  A.  Gray. 


432  SAPINDACE.E. 

Viir.  heptaphylla,  Gray,  n.  comb.  Leaflets  smaller,  mostly  6  or  7,  generally  very 
strongly  toot  lied  or  iucised,  the  fruit  clusters  more  or  less  peudulous.  —  .1.  hejituphylla, 
Buckley,  Troc.  Acad,  riiilad.^1861,  430,  1870,  136.  — Texas. 

Var.  pubescens,  Bailey,  u.  comb.  Leaflets  grayish-pubesceut  below,  mostly  bluntly 
toothed,  and  intlorcscence  elongated.  —  ,!,  pubesa'ns,  Schlect.  Liunaja,  x.  251.  Vitis  pubes- 
cens. Mill.  Auu.  i\Ius.  Hot.  Lugd.-Bat.  i.  90.  —  Uccurs  iu  ISortheru  Me.\.ico,  aud  probably  iu 
our  southwestern  territory. 


Order  XLIV.     SAPINDACEiE. 

By  B.  L.  Koiunson. 

Trees,  shrubs  (very  rarely  herbs),  or  in  warm  countries  lianas.  Flowers  regu- 
lar or  zygomorphous,  in  Suborder  I  perfect,  iu  the  other  suborders  often  appear- 
in*'  perfect  or  polygamous,  yet  generally  through  reduction  or  suppression  of  one 
set  of  essential  organs,  monoecious  or  (in  Dodonoea  and  rarely  in  Acer)  dioecious. 
Calyx  inferior,  mostly  (4-)5-parted  or  -divided;  segments  or  sepals  imbricated  or 
rarely  valvate  in  bud.  Petals  in  regular  flowers  usually  5,  in  zygomorphous  4 
(the  posterior  obsolete).  Disk  annular,  crenate,  or  lobed,  often  glandular,  in 
Dodontva  and  sometimes  in  Acer  obsolete.  Stamens  usually  8  or  10  (4  to  oc), 
hypogynous  or  sometimes  somewhat  perigynous,  mostly  inserted  within  or  upon 
(sometimes  on  the  outer  edge  of)  the  disk ;  anthers  introrse,  2-celled,  dehiscent 
by  longitudinal  slits  ;  filaments  usually  pubescent.  Style  simple  or  more  or  less 
deeply  2-3(-4)-cleft  or  -divided  ;  ovary  few  (mostly  2-3)-celled  ;  ovules  solitary, 
geminate,  or  rarely  more  numerous  in  the  cells,  usually  attached  to  the  axis  and 
ascending  with  rhaphe  ventral.  —  A  large  and,  as  here  taken,  somewhat  composite 
order.  The  principal  and  more  typical  suborder  {Sapindecc)  is  chiefly  tropical 
and  includes  a  large  number  of  genera,  most  of  which  are  small  or  even  mono- 
typic.  Two  considerable  genera,  Serjania  and  Paullinia,  woody  climbers  of 
Tropical  America  are  noteworthy  for  the  variety  and  complexity  in  the  structure 
of  their  stems. 
SuBOKDER  1.      STAPHYLINE^E.      Flowers  perfect,  regular.      Sepals,  petals,  and 

stamens  of  the  same  number.     Fruit  (iu  ours)  capsular,  vesicular-inflated  ;  seeds 

albuuiinous,  several  in  each  cell. 

1.  STAPHYLEA.  Sepals  concolorous  with  the  petals,  oblong,  erect,  imbricated  in  the  bud. 
Disk  fleshy.  Carpels  (2  to)  3;  styles  slender;  stigmas  capitate  or  snbcapitate.  Fruit 
bladder-like,  with  (2-)3-horned  summit;  seeds  several  and  nearly  horizontal,  biseriately 
arranged  along  the  inner  angle  of  each  cell. 

Suborder  IT.  ACERIXE^E.  Flowers  regular,  polygamous,  andromonoecious  or 
androdioecious  or  (in  Acer  §  Negnndo)  dioecious.  Petals  (often  wanting),  when 
present,  as  many  as  the  sepals.  Fruit  normally  of  2  diverging  carpellary  sama- 
roid  more  or  less  coherent  nutlets,  or  (in  certain  foreign  species)  capsular  with  two 
samaroid  valves.     Trees  and  erect  shrubs  with  opposite  leaves. 

2.  ACER.  Flowers  polygamo-dicecious  or  dioecious,  in  lateral  or  terminal  umbellate,  race- 
mose, or  paniculate  inflorescences.  Petals  usually  about  5  and  isomerous  with  the  calyx- 
lobes  or  wanting.  Stamens  more  often  anisomerous,  in  9  flowers  reduced  or  (in  §  Negnndo) 
wanting.     Disk  either  intra-  or  extra-stamineal,  or  bearing  the  stamens,  mostly  creuate  or 


SAIMNDAt'K.K.  433 

lobed,  rarely  rudimentary  or  wanting.  Styles  2,  elongated,  filiform,  introrselv  Ptigmatose 
Nutlets  l-a-seeded,  each  .suruK.uuted  by  a  nioHtly  ol)loug-ol.ii.|iie  ..l)tiis(-  vi-inv  niorpliojogi- 
cally  a.-.oudiiig  or  widely  sjjrea.ling  d-.rsal  wiug,  wliith  i«  tliiikened  and  nerved  on  the 
outer  margin;  seeds  horizontal  or  iiscendiug,  laterally  c..m|.rcs«e.l  ;  en.hrvo  varioaxly 
oriented,  with  thin  elongated  spirally  coiled  or  irregularly  folded  cotvledonH. 
SuKOKOKK  III.  DODONMLK.  Fruit  (in  ours)  a  septicidal  ;5(-M)-wiiige,l  capsule  ; 
seeds  exalbuniinous.  Flowers  regular,  apin-aring  polygaiuous,  l,ut  l.y  aLortiorl 
dioecious.  Petals,  when  present,  of  tlie  same  nunilMjr  as  tlie  calvx-Iohes.  Di.sk 
(in  ours)  obsolete.-  Erect  shrubs  ;  tlie  American  witli  simple  altc-rnate  oblong  or 
narrower  leaves. 

3.  DODON^A.  Flowers  small.  Petals  0.  Calyx  3-.5-lMl,ed.  Stamens  5  to  8  or  rarely 
more  numerous  ;  filaments  sliort ;  anthers  innate.  Carpels  3  or  4  ;  styles  united  to  or  nearly 
to  the  ape.\;  ovary  siiarply  angled,  .•J-4-eelled ;  cells  2-ovuled ;  placentae  on  the  axis;  the 
upper  ovule  of  each  pair  ascending,  the  lower  pendulous. 

SuBOKDKK  IV.  SAPINDE.E.  Flowers  irregular  or  (in  Sapindus)  sub-regular,  ain 
pearing  polygamou.s,  but  not  truly  perfect.  Sepals  or  calyx-lobes  4  or  5.  Petals 
often  of  unequal  number,  tlie  posterior  one  commonly  reduced  or  absent.  Disk 
present,  variously  developed.  Fruit  capsular,  or  more  or  less  deeply  divided  into 
samaroid  or  rarely  baccate  carpellary  lobes.  Seeds  exalbuininous.  Leaves  alter- 
nate, pinnately  oi-  ternately  compound. 

*  Fruit  a  ;3-celled  septicidal  or  septifragal  capsule  of  mostly  3  samaroid  carpels  more  or  less 
coherent  about  the  axis:  flowers  irregular  :  shrubby  clin'ibers. 

4.  URVILLEA.  Sepals  5.  Capsule  i)apery,  3-angled  and  3-winged,  septicidal  or  sej.ti- 
fragal;  wings  tliin,  of  nearly  equal  breadtii  from  the  base  to  the  summit.  Leaves  teriiate. 
Otlierwise  ;is  in  the  next. 

5.  SERJANIA.  Flowers  zygomorphous.  Sepals  5  (or  4).  Petals  4,  apjiendaged.  Stamens  8. 
Disk  present,  somewhat  irregular,  bearing  2  larger  upper  and  2  smaller  lower  glands.  Fruit 
with  .-5  turgid  at  length  separable  seminiferous  often  reticulated  or  tomentulose  lobes  at  the 
summit,  each  extended  downward  along  the  axis  into  a  semi-ovate  or  very  rarely  semi- 
obovate  or  -oblanceolate  wing.  Inflorescences  axillary  and  ternn'nal,  pedunculate  and  sub- 
tended by  2  or  3  recurved  and  coiling  tendrils.     Leaves  mostly  biternate. 

*  *  Fruit  a  bladdery  inflated  loculicidal  capsule  :  teudriliferous  herbaceous  climber  with 
l)itornate  leaves.     Ovules  solitary  in  the  cells. 

6.  CARDIOSPERMUM.  Flowers  zygomorphous.  Sepals  .5  or  more  commonly,  by  the 
union  of  2  of  them,  reduced  to  4,  these  broad  and  very  obtuse,  in  two  unequal  ])air.s.  I'etals 
4,  alternating  with  the  sepals,  imbricated  in  the  bud,  each  l)earing  from  near  tiie  ba.se  an 
irregular  .somewhat  unguiculate  winglike  or  hooked  appendage;  the  appendages  of  the 
upper  petals  being  larger.  Disk  extra-.stamineal,  l)earing  opposite  each  of  the  upper  iH-tals 
a  short  and  rounded  or  long-cornute  gland.  Stamens  8,  deflexed.  Seeds  exarillate,  bbuk 
with  light-colored  scar. 

*  *  *  Fruit  of  I  to  (rarely)  3  indehiscent  baccate  wingless  rounded  carpellarv  segments: 
flowers  regular  or  nearly  so  (sepals  often  somewhat  unequal)  :  our  species  trees  or  erect 
shrubs. 

-«—  Ovules  solitary  in  the  cells. 

7.  SAPINDUS.  Sepals  5,  obtuse,  rarely  petaloid.  Petals  usually  of  the  same  number, 
more  or  less  jmbescent,  and  bearing  just  above  the  short  claw  a  villous  or  ciliated  comli  i>r 
appendage.  Disk  annular,  commonly  crenate,  bearing  the  8  (to  10)  stamens.  Seeds  ex- 
arillate, with  bony  testa,  black  or  nearly  so. 

H—  ■\~-  Ovules  2  in  each  cell,  but  fruit 'l)y  abortion  1-celled,  1-seeded. 

8.  EXOTHEA.  Calyx  deeply  .5-parted,  tomentulo.se;  segments  roun(Ie<I,  imbricated,  at 
length  reflexed.  I'etals  .5,  unnppendaged,  slightly  unguiculate.  Ovary  2-celled  ;  ovules  a 
pair  in  each  cell,  collateral,  somewhat  i)en<lulous.  Kruit  1-ceiled.  I -seeded  ;  embryo  with 
very  thick  cotyledons  and  short  radicle. 


434  SAPIXDACE.E.  Staphijlea. 

9.  HYPELATE.  Sepals  5,  subglabrate,  rounded,  imbricated.  Petals  5,  unappendaged, 
sesiiile.  <  )varv  3-celletl ;  ovules  2  iu  eacli  cell,  superposed,  the  upper  asceudiug,  the  lower 
somewhat  peiululous.  Fruit  1-celled,  1 -seeded ;  embryo  with  thin  somewhat  crunijded 
cotyledons  incumbent  upon  a  long  radicle. 

*   *   *   *   Fruit  a  coriaceous  .3-valved  loculicidal  capsule  :  tree  or  erect  shrub  with  pinnate 
leaves  and  showy  zygoraorphous  flowers  :  ovary  and  capsule  stipitate. 

10.  UNGNADIA.  Calyx  deeply  ,5-parted  ;  segments  iinl)ricated  in  the  bud.  Petals  mostly 
4,  obovate-spatnlate,  unguiculate,  each  with  a  busiiy  crest  at  the  summit  of  the  woolly- 
pubescent  claw.  Disk  thin,  oblitpiely  developed,  bearing  the  stamens  and  closely  enveloping 
and  adnate  to  the  stipe-like  base  of  the  ovary.  Stamens  mostly  8,  unetjual,  much  exserted 
in  tiie  S  flowers,  in  the  ?  sliorter  than  or  about  equalling  the  petals.  Seeds  by  abortion 
solitary  in  the  cells,  brown,  smooth  and  shining,  caruuculate-appendaged  at  the  broad 
hilum. 

Suborder  V.  HIPPOCASTAXEJE.  Flowers  irregular,  polygamous,  showy. 
Sepals  or  calyx-lobes  5.  Petals  5  (or  4),  unguiculate.  Leaves  opposite,  palmately 
5-9-foliolate. 

11.  JESCULUS.  Calyx  cup-shaped  or  tubular,  usually  unequal  and  gibbous.  Petals  hy- 
pogynous,  irregular,  unappendaged.  Stamens  5  to  8,  usually  7,  declined,  exserted  (at  least 
in  sterile  flowers).  Ovary  3-celled  ;  cells  each  with  a  pair  of  superposed  ovules.  Fruit  cap- 
sular, loculicidal ;  cells  by  abortion  mostly  only  1  or  2,  and  1-seeded ;  the  valves  thick,  cori- 
aceous, often  spinesceut  or  spiny.  Seeds  large,  brown,  smooth  and  shining,  with  large 
dull  wiiite  hilum. 

1.  STAPH YL]£A,  L.  Bladder-nut,  (^Ta4>v\rj,  a  bunch  of  grapes,  re- 
ferring to  the  clustered  flowers  and  fruit.  The  name  as  first  applied  by  Tourne- 
fort  was  Staphylodendron.)  —  Shrubs  with  opposite  stipulate  pinnate  3-7-foliolate 
leaves,  nodding  racemosely  or  cymosely  paniculate  white  flowers,  and  strongly 
inflated  3  (or  rarely  2)-lobed  capsules.  —  Spec.  i.  270;  Lam.  111.  t.  210;  Schk. 
Handb.  t,  84;  Deless.  Ic.  iii.  t.  51  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  191,  t.  172;  Benth.  & 
Hook.  Gen.  i.  412  ;  Zabel,  Gartenfl.  xxxvii.  498-504,527-531  ;  Pax  in  Engl.  & 
Prantl,  Jsat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  260.  Staphylodendron,  Tourn.  Inst.  616,  t. 
386.  StnphyUodendron,  Scop.  Fl.  Carn.  ed.  2,  i.  223.  Bumalda,  Thunb.  Fl. 
Jap.  8.  —  A  small  genus  of  some  eight  species  ;  one  European,  three  or  four  Asiatic 
(often  cult,  for  ornament  and  frequently  hybridized),  one  Mexican,  and  the 
following. 

S.  trifolia,  L.  A  neat  slirub,  6  to  12  feet  high,  with  green  branchlets  and  .3-foliolate  pul)es- 
ceut  or  glabrate  leaves :  leaflets  ovate,  sharply  acuminate,  fineh'  serrate,  paler  beneath  : 
sepals  oblong,  greenish  white  :  petals  a  little  longer,  sub-unguiculate,  with  broad  pubescent 
claws :  stamens  and  pistil  scarcely  or  not  at  all  exserted  :  filaments  pubescent :  the  3-horned 
bladdery  capsules  1^  to  2  inches  long.  —  Spec.  i.  270  ;  Torr.  Fl.  N.  Y.  i.  139,  t.  19;  Gray,  Gen. 
111.  ii.  192,  t.  172;  Chapm.  Fl.  77.  S.  trifoliata,  Schmidt,  Arb.  ii.  t.  81.  Staph t/lodetidrojt 
trifoliatum,  Mcench,  Meth.  65.  —  Rich  moist  soil,  Lower  Canada  to  Minnesota  and  southward 
to  North  Carolina,  Tennessee,  and  Missouri,  Bush ;  common  ;  fl.  May ;  fr.  June  ;  autumnal 
flowers  and  fruit  also  occur.  Zabel's  vars.  ti/pica  &  paitci flora  (the  latter  based  apparently 
upim  cult.  ])].)  are  not  clearly  distinguishable  iu  the  specimens  at  hand. 

S.  Bolanderi,  Gray.  Leaves  glabrous,  3-foliolate  ;  leaflets  broadly  ovate-oblong  or  suborbicu- 
lar,  scarcely  acuminate,  finely  serrate,  paler  beneath,  thickish  (at  least  of  firmer  texture  than 
in  preceding) :  stamens  and  pistil  much  e.xserted  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  floral  en- 
velopes ;  filaments  not  always  (as  originally  described)  glabrous :  fruit  15  to  18  lines  in  length, 
sharply  3-horned.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  69;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  108;  Sargent, 
Gard.  &  For.  ii.  544,  t.  142.  — California,  on  McCloud's  Fork,  Shasta  Co.,  Bolnnilcr,  Lem- 
vmn  ;  Fresno  Co.,  Parry  ;  also  near  Sequioia  Mills  (ace.  to  Erandegee) ;  fl.  April ;  fr.  July ; 
rare. 


Acer.  SAIMNDACE.E.  435 

2.  Acer,  Tourii.  M.M'I.k.  (Classical  Latin  name  for  tin- maple.)  —  Trees 
or  shrubs  with  iiriu  wliite  wood  and  copious  saccliariiie  sup.  Leaves  opj>osite,  in 
ours  pulinately  lobed  or  divided,  except  in  §  Neynndo,  wljere  pinnate.  Fruits 
with  supernumerary  carpels  are  frecjuent  in  many  species.  —  lust.  Gl.O,  t.  386; 
L.  Gen.  no.  317  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  I'J'J,  t.  174;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  409  ; 
Pax  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  vi.  "287-374,  vii.  177-272,  xi.  72-83,  &  in  Engl.  &  Prantl, 
Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  2G1) ;  Wesmael,  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  Belg.  xxix.  17-G,'>. 
Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  79-113,  t.  82-97;  Schwerin,  Gartenfl.  xlii.  IGl,  et  seq.; 
Trelease,  Rep.  Mo.  Bot.  Gard.  v.  88-106,  t.  4-1 G  (showing  also  winter  state)  ; 
Beal,  Sugar  Maples  of  Centr.  Mich,  (reprint  from  Rep.  Sec.  Agric.  Mich,  xxxiiij. 
—  About  seventy  species,  nearly  confined  to  the  N.  Temperate  Zone  ;  more  than 
half  of  them  of  E.  Asia.  In  China  and  Japan  the  foliage  of  certain  species 
shows  remarkable  departures  from  the  stellate  lobing  so  characteristic  in  most  of 
our  own  maples.  Not  only  do  ovate  or  oblong  pinnately  veined  leaves  occur, 
but  in  some  species  pedately  or  sub-pinnately  3-foliolate  leaves,  wholly  invalidat- 
ing the  foliar  distinction  of  Negundo,  —  a  group  not  well  separable  generically 
by  the  absence  of  the  disk,  this  being  in  some  cases  obsolete  in  Acer  proper. 

A.  PLATANofuES,  L.  Spec.  ii.  1055,  the  Norway  Maple,  frequently  planted  a.s  a  shade  tn-e 
and  said  to  be  occasionally  self-sown,  is  of  a  section  not  represented  in  our  flora,  and  may  he 
recognized  by  its  close  dark  TiUd-Wke  bark,  large  5-lobed  sinuately  sharp-toothed  leaves,  and 
very  large  fruit  spreading  3  or  4  inches  from  tip  to  tip  of  the  divaricate  wings.  (Cult,  from 
Eu.,  Asia.) 

§  1.  SpiciTA,  Pax  (extended).  Flowers  polygamous,  iu  racemes  or  racemi- 
form  panicles  :  both  floral  envelopes  present ;  disk  well  developed.  —  Pax  in 
Engl.  Jahrb.  vi.  326. 

*  Petals  narrow,  much  exceeding  the  short-ovate  sepals  :    inflorescences  at  first  erect  or 
ascending. 

A.  spicatum.  Lam.  (Moixtain  Maple.)  A  shrub  or  small  tree,  seldom  25  feet  in 
height,  witli  tliin  smooth  bark :  branchlets  tomentulose  when  young  but  soon  quite  glal)rate : 
leaves  rather  small,  of  soft  texture,  with  3  principal  acuminate  lobes,  and  often  two  shorter 
ones  near  the  cordate  or  subcordate  base,  rather  sharply  serrate-dentate,  above  glal)rate, 
green,  and  with  furrowed  veins,  the  lower  surface  paler,  tomentose  or  very  tardily  glalirate 
(except  the  tufted  axils  of  the  veins)  :  flowers  small  and  numerous  in  terminal  slender- 
peduncled  raceniiform  panicles ;  pedicels  spreading,  3  to  5  lines  in  length  at  anthesis : 
petals  spatulate,  thrice  tlie  length  of  the  pubescent  sepals  :  stamens  about  8,  regular  and 
symmetrical,  or  all  more  or  less  strongly  defle.xed :  (j  flowers  with  hairy  rudimentary 
pistil:  disk  of  nearly  sej)arate  glands  alternating  with  and  somewhat  external  to  the  fila- 
ments :  fruit  at  maturity  al)out  an  incli  broad ;  the  outer  margins  of  its  divergent  wings 
making  an  angle  of  about  90°.  —  Diet.  ii.  381  ;  Audubon,  Birds  Am.  t.  134  ;  Torr.  &  Gray, 
Fl.  i.  246;  Chapm.  Fl.  80;  Emerson,  Trees  &  Shrubs  Mass.  ed.  2,  ii.  567,  with  plate;  Sar- 
gent, Silv.  ii.  83,  t.  82,  83;  Gray,  PI.  For.  Trees  N.  A.  t.  25.  A.  Pensi/lvaniciim,  Du  Kni. 
Diss.  61  ;  Wang.  Nordam.  Ilolzart.  82.  t.  12,  f.  30;  not  L.  A.  pnrviflorum,  Ehrh.  Beitr.  iv. 
25,  vi.  40.  A.  vioiitdnnm,  Ait.  Kew.  iii.  435;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  2.53;  Guimp.  Otto  &  Ilaync, 
Abbild.  Holzart.  59,  t.  48;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  111. — Preferring  rocky  soil  in  open 
woods,  Newfoundland,  S.  Labrador,  and  Nova  Scotia  to  the  mountains  of  N.  Carolina  and 
Georgia  and  northwest  to  Winnipeg,  the  Saskatchewan,  and  even  the  shores  of  Hudson  Bay  ; 
fl.,  ace.  to  locality.  May  to  July;  fr.  July,  August.  A  variety  in  E.  Asia  lias  5-9-lobed 
more  deeply  serrate  leaves. 

#  *   Petals  and  sepals  rather  broad,  subeipial  in  length :  inflorescences  drooping  or  pen- 
dulous. 


436  SAPIXDACE.E.  Acer. 

■i—  Fruit  glabrous :  species  of  the  Eastern  States  and  Mississippi  Valley. 

A.  Pennsylvanicum,  L.  (Stru'ed  Maple,  Moosewoou.)  Shrub  or  small  tree  with 
siiiooihish  longitudinally  striped  bark :  leaves  large,  thin,  dark  green,  glabrous  above, 
scarcely  paler  and  tawny  pulverulent-puberulent  beneath,  finely,  sharply  and  somewhat 
doubly  serrate  all  around,  rounded  or  soniewliat  cordate  at  the  base ;  lobes  3  to  5  sharply  or 
caudately  acuminate  ;  flowers  large,  rather  few  in  the  simple  flexuous  racemes ;  peilicels 
slender,  scarcely  spreading:  petals  pale  green,  obovate,  slightly  exceeding  tiie  oblong  acut- 
ish  sepals  :  filaments  inserted  outside  the  crenate  disk :  no  rudimentary  j)istil  in  the  cf  flow- 
ers: fruit  at  nuiturity  1^  to  2  inches  in  breadth;  the  outer  edges  of  tiie  wings  making  a 
very  obtuse  angle.  —  Spec.  ii.  1055  (as  Pensi/lvunicum) ;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  252;  Torr.  «Sb  Gray, 
Fl.  i.  246;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  200,  t.  174,  f.  1-4;  Emerson,  1.  c.  566,  with  plate;  Sargent, 
Silv.  ii.  85,  t.  84, 85.  A.  Canadense,  Marsh.  Arb.  3.  A.  striatum,  Du  Roi,  Diss.  58 ;  Michx.  f. 
Hist.  Arb.  Am.  ii.  242,  t.  17. —  Shaded  situations  protected  by  other  trees.  Nova  Scotia, 
New  Brunswick,  and  Lower  Canada  to  Minnesota  and  south  to  the  mountains  of  Georgia; 
fl.  May,  June  ;  fr.  July,  August.  Several  nearly  related  species  in  E.  Asia. 
■i—   -f—  Body  of  fruit  soft-  or  more  or  less  arachnoid-tomeutose  at  length  glabrate :    geron- 

togeous  species  freciuently  planted. 
A.   Pseudo-plAtaxus,   L.    Spec.    ii.   1054,  the  Sycamore    Maple,  with   thickish   5-lobed 

bluntly  serrate  leaves  dark  green  above  and  much  paler  beneath,  is  connnon  in  cultivation,  and 

self-sown  seedlings  are  sometimes  found  in  parks,  on  lawns,  &c.,  of  cities.     (Cult,  from  the 

Old  World.) 

-1—  -1—   -t^   Body  of  the  fruit  hirsute  :  species  of  the  We.st. 

A.  macroph^Uum,  Pursh.  A  tall  tree  with  thick  rough  and  furrowed  bark :  younger 
l)arts  witii  a  milky  juice  :  leaves  large,  of  firm  texture,  deeply  (3-)5-parted,  at  first  soft- 
pubescent,  later  quite  glabrate  above  and  with  only  a  microscopic  pubcrnlence  beneath, 
reticulate-veiny  ;  the  lobes  with  1  to  5  coarse  irregular  teeth,  the  margins  otiierwise  entire: 
racemes  rather  many-flowered :  anthers  sagittate  ;  filaments  pubescent  at  the  base,  inserted 
above  (witliin)  the  disk:  fruit  very  large,  wings  (each  1  to  2  inches  long)  diverging  mostly 
at  an  acute  rarely  obtuse  angle ;  the  body  of  the  carpels  large,  upwardly  bristly  witli  stiff 
tawny  hairs.—  Fl.  i.  267  ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  77,  t.  67  (by  error  numbered  68)  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor- 
Am.  i.  112,  t.  38  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  246;  Torr.  Pacif.  K.  Rep.  iv.  74,  &  Bot.  Mex.  Bound. 
47 ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  107  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  89,  t.  86.  87.  A.  palmatum,  Raf. 
New  Fl.  Am.  i.  48,  not  Thunb. —  Preferring  rich  soil  near  streams,  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  and 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  from  Alaska  to  S.  California;  fl.  April,  May  ;  fr.  June  to  September. 
Specimens  with  3-5-earpelled  fruits  have  been  found  in  Washington  by  Suksdorf. 

§  2.  Glabra,  Pax.  Flowers  polygamous,  with  both  calyx  and  corolla :  in- 
florescence umbelliform  or  corymbose  ;  pedicels  slender  :  disk  well  developed.  — 
Pax  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  vi.  327. 

*   Petals  flat,  about  equalling  the  sepals :  leaves  3-5-lobed  or  palmately  S-foliolate. 

A.  glabrum,  Torr.  Shrub  or  small  low-branching  tree  with  smoothish  bark :  branchlets 
glabrous,  liglit  brown  :  leaves  mo.stly  rather  small,  glabrous  except  for  a  sparse  tawny  pul- 
verulence  more  or  less  persistent  especially  upon  the  veins  beneath,  3(-5)-lobed  or  often 
upon  the  same  trees  or  branches  3-foliolate ;  lobes  or  leaflets  unequally  and  somewhat  in- 
cisely  serrate,  acute  or  obtusish  :  inner  bud-scales  lance-oblong,  soft-pubescent  on  the  upper 
surface,  roseate,  usually  tipped  with  a  rudimentary  lamina :  inflorescences  few-flowered,  in 
anthesis  short,  spreading  or  nodding :  petals  rather  narrow,  spatulate-oblong,  veiny,  about 
equalling  the  oblong  sepals  :  stamens  about  8,  shorter  than  or  barely  equalling  the  floral 
envelo{)es ;  filaments  borne  in  sockets  of  the  disk  :  rudiment  of  pistil  in  d  flowers  none  : 
fruit  strongly  and  irregularly  rugose  ;  wings  diverging  at  an  acute  or  right  angle.  —  Ann. 
Lye.  N.  Y.  ii'.  172 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  247,  684 ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  86  ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp. 
52;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  107  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  95,  t.  89.  A.  Donglnsii,  Hook.  Loud. 
Jour.  Bot  vi.  77,  t.  6.  Var.  TRiPARxfruM,  Pax  (in  Engl.  Jahrb.  vii.  218  ;  A.  tripartittim, 
Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  247,  &  Sylv.  ii.  85,  t.  71),  is  a  form  having  leaves  mostly 
although  inconstantly  3-foliolate.  —  Rocky  ground,  in  woods  and  along  streams,  mountains 
of  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona,  to   S.  Central  California,  Brit.  Columbia,  and 


Acer.  SAI'IXDACK.E.  437 

Alberta,  Mncoun  ;  fl.  .M:iv,  June  ;  fr.  Anp;iist,  Sc|)tciiilicr.     A  spocies  with  strikiiiirlv  variablo 
fuliuKC. 

*  *  Petals  cucullate,  cousiderably  shorter  than  tlic  sepalH  :  leaves  mostly  7-9-lohed. 
A.  Circinatum,  ruusH.  (  Vink  Maim.k.)  A  small  tree  or  low  spreading  or  even  prostrate 
shrill),  witli  siuuothish  l)r<)wii  bark  :  braiiclilets  glai)rous  or  very  early  (,'hibrato  :  leaves  of 
nearly  orbicular  outline,  cordate  or  sulitruncate  at  the  l)ase,  and  with  5  to  1 1  short  ovate 
acute  or  acuminate,  sharply  serrate  lobes,  at  first  villous,  at  maturity  i|uite  glabrous  except 
for  a  tuft  of  hairs  on  the  upjier  surface  at  the  very  base  wjiere  tiie  prin(i|.al  nerves  diverge- 
the  inner  bud-scales  very  large,  1  to  2  inches  in  lengtii,  broadly  siiatulale,  soft-puljescent, 
usually  rose-colored,  somewhat  j)ersistent :  flowers  in  nodding  or  pendulous  subsessile  or 
peduncled  corymbs :  sepals  oblong,  purple  or  red  :  petals  small,  greenish,  ovate,  acutish, 
with  strongly  inHexed  margins:  segments  of  the  fruit  very  wid(  ly  si)reading  or  comnionlv 
divaricate.  —  Fl.  i.  2G7  ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  80,  t.  68  (by  error  numltered  67) ;  'J'orr.  &  Grav,  fI. 
i.  247  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  li2,  t.  39;  Hrew.  &  Wats.  Hot.  Calif,  i.  107;  Sargent," Silv! 
ii.  93,  t.  38.  A.  vin/atnm,  Raf.  New  Fl.  Am.  i.  48.  —  Rich  soil,  by  streams  and  in  woodland, 
N.  Central  California  to  Brit.  Columbia ;  fl.  April,  May. 

§  3.  Rubra,  Pax.  Flowers  appearing  before  the  leaves,  polygamous,  monoe- 
cious, or  dioecious,  with  or  without  petals  ;  the  ^  flowers  subsessile  or  short- 
pedicelled  in  capitate  or  subcapitate  clusters  ;  9  flowers  in  sessile  umbels .  disk 
rudimentary  or  obsolete  :  leaves  simple,  glaucous  beneath.  —  Pax  in  P^n^l.  Jahrb. 
vi.  320,  &  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  326.  —  Soft  Maples. 

*  Petals  present  nearly  or  quite  equalling  the  almost  distinct  sepals. 
A.  rubrum,  L.  (Hed  or  Scarlet  Maple.)  A  tree  mostly  of  small  or  medium  size,  but 
sometimes  becoming  3  feet  or  more  in  diameter,  and  80  to  100  feet  in  height :  bark  at  length 
rather  thick  and  deeply  fissured,  dark  gray ;  the  branchlets  grayish  brown,  nearlv  or  quite 
glabrous  :  leaves  3-.5-lobed,  usually  rather  small,  cordate  with  a  narrow  sinus,  or  with 
rounded  base,  .soon  glabrate  and  briglit  green  a])()ve,  very  j)ale  and  often  with  a  somewhat 
persistent  tomentum  beneath  ;  lolies  triangular-ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  rather  evenlv 
serrate,  seldom  incised:  flowers  usually  red,  rarely  (in  the  formal  var.  pallidiflorum,  I'ax") 
dull  or  yellowish  green,  jjcdicellate,  but  in  anthesis  aggregated  in  dose  subcajjitate  umbels; 
these  terminal  on  short  l)ranchlcts  or  sessile  in  the  upjier  axils  of  the  last  vear's  leaves  : 
petals  narrower  than  sepals  :  ovary  nearly  or  quite  glabrous ;  fruit  long-pedicclled,  pendu- 
lous, glabrous,  usually  red  ;  carpels  seldom  exceeding  an  inch  in  length  ;  wings  when  imma- 
ture snbparallel,  later  diverging  at  an  acute  or  right  angle.  —  Spec.  ii.  10.5.5  ;  f^hrh.  Peitr. 
iv.  23  ;  Schmidt,  Oe.str.  Baum.  i.  10,  t.  6;  Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb.  Am.  ii.  210,  t.  14;  Wats. 
Dendr.  Brit.  ii.  t.  169  ;  Emerson,  Trees  &  Shrubs  Mass.  ed.  2,  ii.  551,  with  plate;  Sargent, 
Silv.  ii.  107,  t.  94;  Gray,  PI.  For.  Trees  N.  A.  t.  20.  1  A.  gUiuntm,  Marsh.  Arb.  2. 
?  A.  Caroliniamim,  Walt.  Car.  2.51.  .1.  cocciiieum,  Michx.  f.  1.  c.  203  .1.  iiiicrop/ii/lliim,  & 
A.  semi-orhicuhitiiin,  Pax  in  Engl.  Jahri).  vii.  180,  181  (both  treated  as  subspecies  bv  We.s- 
mael,  1.  c.  29),  are  founded  on  trivial  differences  chiefly  of  the  very  variable  foliao-e. '  Vars. 
euruhrum  (typical),  snnfjuineum,  &  clmisum.  Pax.  1.  c.  181,  182,  have  scarcelv  a  formal  value. 
—  Rich  woodland,  Newfoundland  to  Central  Florida  and  Louisiana,  northwest  to  Winnipeg, 
E.  Dakota  (ace.  to  Sargent),  and  Nel)raska  A  species  of  neat  and  attractive  apj)ear- 
ance  at  all  sea.sons  but  in  early  autumn  l)ecoming  (especially  in  the  Eastern  States)  verv 
conspicuous  by  its  bright  scarlet  foliage.  Sterile  specimens  of  a  noteworthy  form  with  ovate- 
lanceolate  serrate  but  scarcely  lobed  leaves,  entire  at  the  ba.se,  has  been  collected  in  Florida 
by  Cfiapmnn.     Toward  the  south  and  southwest  the  species  passes  into 

Var.  Drummondii,  Toim.  &  (iuAV.  Leaves  ratlier  large  for  the  species  (often  4  to 
5  iiulics  in  length  and  br('a<ltli)  and  rather  more  ileejily  3-lobed,  den.sely  tomentose  beneath  : 
fruit  decidedly  larger  than  in  the  typical  form  ;  wings  \\  to  1^  or  (ace.  to  Sargent)  even  2 
to  2^  inches  in  length.  —  Fl.  i.  684  (Drummondii  parenthetical  but  apparentlv  used  as  a 
varietal  name) ;  Sargent,  U.  S.  10th  Census,  ix.  50,  &  Silv.  ii.  109,  t.  95.  .1.  hnimmnvdii. 
Hook.  &  Arn.  Jour.   Bot.  i.   200;    Nutt.   Sylv.   ii.   83,  t.   70.     .1.   ruhnim,  var.   y.  Hook.  & 

Am.  1.   c.    199.     ?  .1.  ruhnim,  var.  lomintosum.  Pax    in   Engl.  Jahrb.  vii.  182. Louisiana 

where  first  collected  by  Drummond,  and  Te.xas,  nortii  to  Missouri,  where  leaves  become 


438  SAPIXDACE.E.  Acer. 

nearly  glabrate  (coll.  Bush),  and  occasional  in  the  Eastern  Gulf  States  to  Georgia  (ace.  to 
Sargent). 

*  *  Petals  minute  or  more  commonly  none :  calyx  of  the  d  flowers  a  narrow  turljinate 
cup,  merely  crenate-tootiied. 
A.  saccharinum,  L-,  not  Wang.  (Silvkr  Maplk.)  In  favoral)le  situations  becoming  a 
large  tree  4  or  5  feet  in  diameter  and  60  or  80,  or  even  100  feet  in  heiglit :  trunk  dividing 
at  no  great  height  into  2  to  several  large  ascending  branches,  the  ultimate  branchlets  some- 
what i)endulous:  bark  of  the  trunk  and  large  branches  gray,  cortex  of  the  branciilets  red- 
dish brown,  lucid :  leaves  at  first  silky-tomentose,  then  puberulous  and  soon  quite  glabrate, 
incisely  3-5-lobed,  being  cleft  two  tiiirds  of  the  way  to  the  base,  green  al)ove,  very  ])ale  and 
glaucous  beneath  except  on  the  veins ;  lobes  again  ratiier  deeply  and  somewhat  doubly 
incised,  the  outer  pair,  when  present,  much  smaller  than  the  others :  bud-scales  small, 
ovate  to  oblong,  tomentose  on  the  margins :  flowers  small,  greenish  yellow,  appearing 
much  before  the  leaves  :  filaments  of  the  d  flowers  very  slender,  much  exceeding  the  calyx  : 
fruit  large,  carpels  at  full  maturity  2  inches  in  length,  at  first  tomentose,  later  nearly  or 
quite  glabrate  ;  the  body  strongly  and  longitudinally  nerved  ;  one  carpel  usually  abortive  or 
empty.  — Spec.  ii.  1035;  Koch,  Hort.  Dendr.  80  ;  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  ii.  364,  &  Silv.  ii. 
103,  t.  93.  A.  (lasi/carptim,  Ehrh.  Beitr.  iv.  24  ;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  266  ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  87  ;  Ell.  Sk. 
i.  449  ;  Emerson,  Trees  &  Shrubs  Mass.  ed.  2,  ii.  556,  with  plate ;  Sargent,  U.  S.  10th 
Census,  ix.  49;  Pax  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  vii.  179.  A.  rubrwu  mas,  Schmidt,  Oestr.  Baum. 
i.  11,  t.  7.  A.  rubriun,  \a,T.  pallidum,  Ait.  Kew.  iii.  434.  A.  eriocar/nim,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  253; 
Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb.  Am.  ii.  205,  t.  13.  The  Linnaean  description  and  the  still  extant 
authentic  specimen  leave  no  doubt  whatever  of  the  application  of  the  Linnajan  name,  which, 
notwithstanding  the  regrettable  displacement  of  Wangenheim's  later  homonym,  is  here  used 
consistently  with  the  laws  of  specific  nomenclature  followed  in  other  parts  of  this  work.  In 
no  system  of  nomenclature  can  such  unfortunate  changes  be  altogether  avoided  and  tiie 
Kew  Rule  certainly  leads  to  as  few  as  any.  It  may  be  noted  that  the  name  saccharinum,  as 
here  applied,  is  not  wholly  inappropriate,  since  the  present  species  is  regularly  tapped  in 
some  localities  and  yields  a  fair  quantity  of  sugar.  —  Rich  woods,  especially  on  river  bot- 
toms (hence  sometimes  called  "Intervale  Maple"),  New  Brunswick  and  Lower  Canada  to 
Florida  and  northwest  to  Dakota  (ace.  to  Sargent) ;  fl.  February  to  April ;  fr.  May  to  June, 
sometimes  adhering  until  August.  An  attractive  and  rapid  growing  shade-tree,  much  cul- 
tivated, but  unfortunately  short-lived  and  subject  to  injuries  from  insects  and  ice.  The 
seedling  var.  laciniatum,  Sargent,  1.  c  105  (the  A.  Inciniatum  Weirii  of  horticulturists),  also 
much  planted  in  eastern  cities,  has  still  more  deeply  cleft  leaves  with  very  narrow  and  elon- 
gated segments. 

§  4.  Sacchari'na,  Pax.  Flowers  appearing  with  or  a  little  before  the  leaves, 
monochlamydeous,  andro-monoecious,  pendulous  on  filiform  pedicels ;  these  in 
fasciculate-umbels  ;  the  fertile  at  the  ends  of  the  branchlets  ;  the  sterile  mostly 
lateral :  calyx  united  into  a  5-toothed  cup :  divaricate  segments  of  the  fruit 
strongly  connate,  seldom  separating  until  after  falling  ;  wings  more  or  less  spatu- 
late,  subparallel  to  almost  divaricate  :  leaves  simple,  3-5-lobed,  with  rounded 
sinuses  ;  the  lobes  entire,  undulate  or  coarsely  sinuate-dentate.  —  Pax  in  Engl. 
Jahrb.  vi.  328.  —  Sugar  Maples,  Hard  Maples. 

*  Species  of  the  Atlantic  Slope  and  Mississippi  Valley :  calyx  promptly  deciduous. 
-1—  Chiefly  Northern  :  large  trees,  with  grayish  or  almost  black  bark. 
A.  saccharum,  Marsh.  (Sugar  Maple,  Rock  Maple.)  Tall  tree,  in  favoraldo  situa- 
tions becoming  100  feet  or  more  in  height  and  2  to  4  feet  in  diameter;  wood  firm,  heavy, 
fine-grained,  white  ;  bark  pale  to  rather  deep  gray,  in  some  individuals  remaining  close  and 
firm,  in  others  at  length  scaling  off  in  large  irregular  flakes  :  leaves  mostly  5-lobed,  cordate 
with  shallow  open  basal  sinus ;  lobes  sinuately  1-3-toothed  ;  upper  surface  green  ;  the  lower 
more  or  less  whitened  or  glaucous,  often  tomentulose  ;  petioles  mostly  glabrous  or  nearly  so ; 
stipules  none :  pedicels  and  yellowish  green  flowers  villous  :  calyx  campanulate,  obtusely 
toothed  :   disk  of  sterile  flowers  surrounding  the  insertion  of  the  filaments  :   keys  early  gla- 


Acer.  SAPIXDACK.l-:.  439 

brate,  highly  variable  ^mostly  \\  to  1^  inches  long,  with  wings  usually  suliparallel  or  only 
motlerately  spreading),  not  as  yet  furnishing  trustworthy  tiiagnostic  tliaracters.  —  Arli.  4; 
IJritton,  Cat.  I'l.  N.  J.  78;  'Irt-loiuse,  1.  c.  'J.{,  t.  4.  .1.  satrharinum,  Wang.  Norilani.  Holzart. 
26,  t.  11,  f.  20;  Nouv.  Duliani.  iv.  29,  t.  8;  Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arh.  Am.  ii.  2IS,  t.  15;  'I'orr.  & 
Ciray,  Fl.  i.  248  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  20U,  t.  174  ;  Knierson,  Trees  &  Shrubs  Mass.  ed.  2,  ii.  S.-iS, 
with  plate;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  1-6;  not  L.  A.  barhatum,  Mit-hx.  Fl.  ii.  252,  only  in  part  (see 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  684) ;  Sargent,  Card.  &  For.  ii.  364,  &  Silv.  ii.  97,  t.  90.  A.  snrrhoro- 
phonim,  Koch,  Deudr.  i.  .5.33.  A.  mrrhnriiium,ya.T.  pseudo-jtlullno'iilfs,  I'ax  in  Kngl.  Jahrb. 
vii.242.  A./iahni/oliiim,  var.  pscudo/ilatanoiiles,  Stliwerin,  Gartcnfi.  xlii.  455,  but  pn.bablv 
not  .1. /j«///(//o//i(;h,  Borkh.  —  A  well  known  and  valuable  forest  tree,  ranging  from  New- 
foundland to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  (ace.  to  Sargent),  Neltraska,  E.  Texas,  and  the  uplands 
of  the  S.  Atlantic  States,  but  at  the  South  largely  replaced  by  the  nearly  related  sjjecies 
(or  varieties)  described  below.  The  firm  durable  wood  is  much  used  in  manufactures,  the 
irregular  grained  varieties,  "Curly  and  Bird's-eye  Maples,"  being  especially  prized  for 
cabinet  work.  This  species  also  furnishes  the  largest  amount  of  maple  sugar  and  syriiji. 
In  New  England  and  along  the  Great  Lakes  tlie  foliage  in  autumn  turns  intense  scarlet  to 
deep  crimson,  while  in  the  mitldle  West  the  color  varies  from  yellow  to  bright  orauRe  or 
claret  which  soon  fades  to  brown.  From  Maine  {Feniald)  to  Tennessee,  Mis.souri,  and 
Michigan  occurs  a  sometimes  well  marked  but  not  always  sej)arable  form,  the  var.  nAnn.4.- 
TiM,  Trelease  (1.  c.  94,  t.  6  ;  A.  Iiu;/elii,  Tax  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  vii.  243  ;  A.  sacc/iarinum,  subsp. 
Rugclli,  Wesmael,  1.  c.  61  ;  but  probably  no  part  of  A.  hurhnlum,  Michx.),  with  mostlv 
3-lobed  leaves  (also  pale  beneath)  of  firm  or  at  length  chartaceo-coriaceous  texture,  and 
witii  lobes  subentire.  However,  as  Professor  Beal  has  pointed  out,  such  leaves  sometimes 
occur  upon  the  upper  branches  of  trees  which  below  have  foliage  of  the  typical  form. 
Better  marked  is 

Var.  nigrum,  Bhittox.  (Black  Maple.)  Bark  darker  colored:  leaves  mostly 
large  and  limp.  .■5-5-lobe(] ;  lobes  entire  or  nearly  so  ;  the  ba,sal  sinus  inclining  to  be  closed 
by  the  approximate  or  even  imbricated  basal  lobes ;  lower  surface  yellowish  green,  soft- 
downy,  not  glaucous,  and  scarcely  paler  than  the  upper :  wings  of  the  fruit  variable,  yet  in- 
clining to  be  more  widely  divergent.  —  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  ix.  10.  Trelease,  1.  c.  96, 
t.  7.  A.  sacrharinnm,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  252  (ace.  to  Gray),  not  L.,  nor  Wang.  A.  nigrum, 
Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arh.  Am.  ii.  238,  t.  16;  Bailey,  Pop.  Gard.  iii.  24,  &  Bot.  Gaz.  xiii.  214. 
yl.  .s«rfAar?V!»m,  var.  n//7r!/?«,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  248;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  1-6.  A.  harbatum, 
var.  nigrum,  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  iv.  148,  f.  27,  &  Silv.  ii.  99,  in  part,  but  syn.  A.  Rugelii 
wrongly  included  and  foliage  on  t.  91,  if  of  this  var.,  highly  uncharacteristic,  as  will  be 
seen  on  comparison  with  orig.  jilate  of  Michx.  f.  A.  /Kilmi/olium,  var.  conrohr,  Schwerin,  1.  c. 
457,  f.  95,  nos.  6,  7.  —  INIontrcal,  Jark;  and  Vermont,  Rohhlns,  Pringle,  to  Minnesota,  Arkan- 
sas, Kentucky,  S.  Virginia,  and  probably  somewhat  farther  southward  in  the  mountains ; 
common  and  also  valued  as  a  luml)er  and  sugar  tree ;  in  some  places  appearing  verv  dis- 
tinct from  the  type,  in  others  passing  into  dubious  intermediates.  Conspicuous  but  incon- 
-  stant  foliaceous  stipules  are  sometimes  developed,  especially  westward. 

+-  -h-  Southern,  mostly  smaller  sized :  bark  white. 
A.  Floridanuin,  Pax.  A  small  tree  (ace.  to  Chapman)  or  sometimes  becoming  3  feet  in 
dianictcr  (ace.  to  Small),  with  "  chalky-wliite  "  bark:  leaves  rather  small,  2  or  3  inches  in 
diameter,  somewhat  broader  than  long,  divided  about  to  the  miiUUe  intt)  3  to  5  obtuse  lobes 
with  few  and  blunt  teeth  ;  base  truncate  or  shallowly  open-cordate  ;  upper  surface  dark  green- 
glabrous,  and  lucid  ;  the  lower  more  or  less  whitened  and  varying  from  puberulent  toden.selv 
canescent-tomentose  :  flowers  (ace.  to  Chapman)  appearing  before  the  leaves:  kevs  variable 
but  in  most  individuals  much  smaller  than  in  .1.  sncc/iamm  :  the  seminiferous  portion  cov- 
ered with  sparse  at  length  deciduous  setous  pubescence;  wings  mostly  widely  spreading. — 
Pax  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  vii.  243 ;  Schwerin,  1.  c.  457  ;  Treleajse,  1.  c.  98,  t  8  ;  Small,  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  xxiv.  64.  A.  saccharinum,  var.  Floridannm,  Chapm.  Fl.  81.  A.  barlmtum,  var.  Fluri- 
danum,  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  iv.  148,  &  Silv.  ii.  100,  t.  91.  .1.  sarrharum.  var.  F/oridninim, 
Small  &  Heller,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  iii.  24  ;  Sndworth.  Kep.  U.  S.  l)ep.  Agric.  1892,  325. — 
Swamps  and  river  banks.  North  Carolina  to  Florida,  E.  Texas,  Snrgent,  and  (ace.  to  Trelease) 
Arkansas.  Very  characteristic  in  its  more  typical  form,  yet  near  A.  grnndidentntum  on  the 
one  hand  and  northward  inclining  to  pass  into  A.  saccharum,  var.  harbatum,  Trelease. 


440  SAPIXDACE.E.  Acer. 

A.  leucoderme,  Small.  Tall  shrub  or  small  tree,  becoming  25  feet  high  and  18  inches 
iu  tliaiiietei-,  cuumionlv  dividing  near  the  base ;  bark  close  and  wliite,  not  exfoliating :  twigs 
dull  red,  soon  becoming  gray  :  leaves  rather  small  as  in  the  last,  3(to  somewliat  o)-lobeii ; 
lobes  caudate-acuminate,  coarsely  ami  sinuately  1-3-tootlied  or  undulate;  upper  surface 
dark  dull  green  ;  lower  surface  yellowish  green  (not  at  all  glaucous),  velvety-tomentulose 
and  exceedingly  soft  to  the  touch  ;  base  subtruucate  or  sliallowly  conlate  with  a  narrow 
sinus:  seminiferous  part  of  tiie  key  sparingly  setulous,  at  length  glabrate  ;  wings  commonly 
but  not  always  widely  divergent,  sometimes  almost  divaricate.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  3G7, 
xxiv.  64.  ^1.  Floridanum,  var.  acuminatum,  Trelease,  1.  c.  99,  t.  11. —  Walls  of  gorges,  &.C., 
North  Carolina,  Hunter,  Small,  to  Floriila  and  Louisiana,  Hale. 

*  *  Western  species :  leaves  rather  small,  fully  as  broad  as  long ;  lobes  coarsely  and  ob- 
tusely tootiied  or  undulate :  young  branchlets  ratlier  deep  glossy  red :  calyx  tending  to 
persist  at  tlie  base  of  the  young  or  even  mature  fruit. 

A.  grandidentatum,  Nutt.  Tall  siirub  or  small  tree  with  trunk  seldom  over  a  foot  in 
diameter  and  brauciies  covered  with  pale  thin  bark  :  leaves  of  rather  firm  texture,  2  or  3 
inches  in  diameter,  3(to  somewhat  5)-lobed,  above  glabrous,  often  shining,  pale  green  and 
finely  reticulated,  below  paler  (yet  not  canescent)  and  covered  with  a  fine  tomeutum  ;  lobes 
rarely  subentire,  more  often  undulate-dentate  witli  large  blunt  teeth ;  base  mostly  corchite : 
filiform  pedicels  and  obtusely  5-toothed  campanulate  calyx  villous :  wings  8  to  12  "lines  long, 
somewhat  divergent ;  the  body  (at  least  when  young)  setulous.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Cray, 
n.  i.  247,  &  Sylv.  ii.  82,  t.  69 ;  Wats.  Bot.  King  Exp.  52  ;  Trelease,  1.  c.  104,  t.  13.  A.  bar- 
latum,  var.  rfvandidentatum,  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  100,  t.  92.  —  Wooded  valleys  in  the  Kockj 
Mts.  from  N.  Montana,  where  first  coll.  by  Nuttall,  to  Arizona  and  W.  Texas.  (Nortlieru 
Mex.,  Palmer,  Hartman.)  A  geographical  species  without  very  strong  technical  distinctions; 
rather  rare  and  local.  Although  scarcely  distinct  from  the  Rock  Maple  of  the  East  this 
species  is  by  Pax  and  Wesmael  unaccountably  referred  to  another  section  of  the  genus. 

§  5.  Negundo,  Koch.  Flowers  strictly  dioecious,  neither  the  $  nor  9  with 
rudimentary  organs  of  the  other:  disk  obsolete  ;  petals  none  :  stamens  5,  episepa- 
lous  ;  anthers  linear,  appendaged  or  mucronate  at  the  tip :  leaves  pinnately  .')-7 
(or  even  9)-foliolate.  —  Dendr.  i.  543.  Negundo,  Moench,  Meth.  334.  Negun- 
dium,  Raf.  in  Desv.  Jour.  Bot.  ii.  170  (1809). 

A.  Negundo,  L.  (Box  Elder.)  A  widely  branched  tree  30  to  50  rarely  75  feet  in  height, 
seldom  more  than  2  or  3  feet  in  diameter:  bark  light  colored,  considerablv  fissured  but  of 
close  firm  texture  :  branchlets  and  young  shoots  pale  green  turning  brown,  glabrous  or 
covered  with  a  very  fine  close  puberulence :  leaflets  ovate-lanceolate,  mostly  acuminate, 
coarsely  and  unequally  serrate-dentate  from  below  the  middle,  light  green  above,  somewhat 
paler  and  finely  pubescent  on  the  veins  beneath  ;  terminal  leaflet  always  and  lateral  usually 
petiolulate:  bud-scales  villous:  flowers  small,  green,  on  slender  pedicels,  drooping,  the 
(f  fasckled,  the  9  in  somewhat  elongated  racemes  :  fruit  cuneate  at  the  base  ;  carpels  at 
m-aturity  inch  to  inch  and  a  half  in  length,  with  rather  narrow  body,  a  third  to  half  the 
length  of  the  broad  incurved  wing.  — Spec.  ii.  1056;  Wang.  Nordam.  Ilolzart.  30,  t.  12, 
f.  29;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  253;  Guimp.  Otto  &  Hayne,  Abbild.  Holzart.  118,  t.  95;  Sargent, 
Silv.  H.  Ill,  t.  96.  A.  {Negundo)  fraxlnifolium,  Nutt.  Gen.  i.  2.53.  Nerjnndo  areroldes, 
Mcench,  Meth.  334 ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  250  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  202,  t.  175^  &  Man.  ed.  1-6. 
N.  trifoliatum,  &  lobafum,  Raf.  New  Fl.  Am.  i.  48.  *  N.  Negundo,  Karsten,  Deutsch.  Fl.  596. 
Ne.gundiumfraxinlfollum,  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  hex.  2,  v.  352.  Ridar  Negundo,  Hitchcock,  Spring 
Fl.  Manhattan,  25. —A  widely  distributed  tree,  common  especially  westward,  N.  Vermont 
to  Connecticut,  Central  New  York,  and  Ontario  south  to  Florida  and  across  the  continent  to 
California.^  (Mex.)  Passing  into  var.  TexAnum,  Pax  (in  Engl.  Jahrb.  vii.  212,  in  great 
part;  A.  Califomirum,  var.  Texarmm,  Pax,  1.  c.  xi.  75),  a  form  with  tomentulose  branchlets 
and  somewhat  more  soft  and  copiously  pubescent  leaflets,  occurring  in  Texas,  Lind/ieimer, 
and  a  very  similar  northern  form  (ranging  through  Ontario  and  Assiniboia,  Afncoun,  to 
Montana,  Srrilmer)  with  hoary-tomentulose  branchlets.  Both  of  these  forms  serve  to  con- 
nect the  type  with 

Var.   Calif ornicum,  Wesmael.     Bark   "darker":  l)ranchlets  tomentulose:  leaves 


Urvillea.  SAI'INDACK.E.  441 

3-foliolate,  covered,  especially  beneath,  with  a  more  or  less  pronounced  and  persistcut  tonien- 

tuiii ;    leutiets   more   coarsely   toothed:    fruit    also    tomentulose.  —  Hull.    Soc.   liot.    Ik-lg. 

xxix.  43  (as  subsp.)  ;  Sartjeut,  tiard.  &  For.  iv.  148.     A.  Culi/uniirnm,  Dietr.  Syii.  ii.  12h;j. 

Nefjundo  Calijhniicnm,  Torr.  &  (Jray,  V\.  i.  250,  084  ;   Hook.  &  Am.   Hot.   Hi-cch.  327,  t.  77  ; 

Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  90.  t.  72.     X  aceroides,  Torr.    I'acif.   K.    Hep.   iv.  74,  &c.,  not  Ma-nch.      \. 

aceroiiles,  var.   Cali/umicnm,  Sargent,  1.  c.  ii.  3G4. —  Uiver  hanks,  &c.,  Central  California, 

together  with  but  much  more  common  than  a  smoothish  3-foliolate  form  indistinguishable 

from  the  type. 

A.  seukAtim,  Pax  (in  Engl.  Jahrb.  vi.  296  et  seq. ;  Negundo Mericatium,  DC. Prodr.  i.  596  ; 
A.  Mexicaniim,  Pax,  1.  c.  vii.  212,  not  Gray),  is  a  nearly  related  species  of  S.  Mexico  and  Ccntr. 
America,  characterized  by  an  even  sliarp  serration  of  its  caudate-acuminate  leaflets.  After  aj)- 
plying  the  name  A.  Mexicanum  to  this  species,  notwithstanding  tlie  earlier  use  by  Dr.  Gray  of 
the  same  combinatiou  for  a  species  of  Acer  pr<)])er,  Professor  I'ax  a])pear8  to  have  confused 
the  two,  as  he  refers  (in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  I'flanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  271 )  to  an  "  A.  Mexicanum 
(DC.)  Gray." 

3.  DODON^A,  L.,  not  Plum.  {Rembert  J)o<Joens,  Fl.iiii>li  botanist, 
1517  (?)  to  1585,  arcliiater  ut  the  German  imperial  court,  and  author  of  the 
Cruydeboek.)  —  Shrubs  and  small  trees  with  alternate  oblanceolate  to  linear 
entire  or  (in  Madagascar  and  Australia)  toothed  or  pinnate  leaves,  commonly 
with  glands  emitting  a  viscous  resinous  or  varnish-like  exudation.  F'lowers  dia*- 
cious,  apetalous,  anomalous  in  the  obsolete  disk.  — Gen.  no.  855  ;  Lam.  111.  t.  304  ; 
Cav.  Ic.  t.  327  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  616  ;  Gray,  Gen.  III.  ii.  217,  t.  182  ;  Benth.  F'l. 
Austr.  i.  472  ;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  410;  Radlk.  in  P:ngl.  &  Prantl,  Nat. 
Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  356.  E)npleurosma,  Bartl.  in  Lehm.  PI.  Preiss.  ii.  228. — 
A  difficult  and  chiefly  Australian  genus,  of  which  a  single  highly  polymorphous 
and  widely  distributed  species  attains  our  southern  borders. 

D.  viscosa,  -Tacq.  Glabrous  viscid  slirub,  4  to  12  feet  high  :  branchlets  covered  witli  red- 
disli  shredded  bark  :  leaves  very  varialde  in  hrcadtli,  entire,  finely  jiinnately  veined,  euncate 
to  sliort  petioles,  resinous-dotted  on  both  surfaces,  scarcely  paler  beneath  :  flowers  small, 
greenish,  at  length  slender-pedicelled  in  short  axillary  or  terminal  racemes:  capsules  6  to 
10  lines  broad,  nearly  as  long,  broadly  3-winged,  notched  at  the  apex  and  more  or  less  cor- 
date at  the  base  :  seeds  dark-colored,  only  one  maturing  in  eacli  cell.  —  Enum.  PI.  Carib. 
19;  L.  Mant.  ii.  228  ;  DC.  1.  c.  ;  Gray,  i.  c.  D.  Buniia)miaiia,  DC.  I.  c.  I).  Schiedinnn, 
Schlecht,  Linuaea,  xviii.  49;  Torr.  Hot.  Mex.  Bound.  48. —  Very  widely  di.-Jtriliuted  in 
Avarm  countries  and  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere,  variable  but  with  ill-defined  forms.  The 
commoner  more  typical  form  (var.  vrLoARis,  Benth.  1.  c.)  with  leaves  lancetdate,  acute  or 
acutish,  and  capsule  mostly  large  with  deep  narrow  notch  at  the  summit,  is  common  in 
Mexico  and  apprnaclies  the  Lower  Rio  Grande,  Berlandier,  no.  2359.  Within  our  limits  are 
the  followitig  foliar  varieties. 

Var.  spathulata,  Bentu.  1.  c.  476.  Leaves  oblong-spatulate,  relatively  broad,  very 
obtuse,  rounded,  or  often  retnse  and  mncronulate  at  the  apex:  capsule  of  the  type. — 
D.  spathulata,  Smith  in  Hees.  Cyd.  xii.  —  Sandy  .«oil,  Florida,  on  the  Indian  Hiver.  &c., 
Gather,  Cnrtlss,  Hassler.  (W.  Ind.,  Australia.)  D.  nana,  Sliuttl.  incd.,  is  a  small-leaved 
form  of  this,  Florida,  coll.  Rufjel. 

Var.  angUStifolia,  Bkvth.  1.  c.  Leaves  linear  or  nearly  so.  acutish,  somewhat 
thicker  and  paler  than  in  the  other  varieties :  capsules  mostly  smaller  and  with  shallower 
more  open  sinus  at  the  summit.  —  D.  anqusti folia,  L.  f.  Suppl.  218.  —  Sandy  .soil,  near 
.streams.  Arizona,  in  Santa  Cat.alina  Mts..  Prinfjie;  Ft.  Lowell.  Lrmmnn ;  Mescal  Mts., 
Jniirx ;  fl.  February  to  September;  fr.  .adhering  nearly  throughout  the  year.  (Sonora, 
Thurher,  Hartman :  Chihuahua,  Palmer;  and  wicbdy  distributed  with  tlie  broa-lerleaved 
forms.) 

4.     URVtLLEA,  IIBK.      (Rear  AdmiralJ.  S.  C.  Diimont  d' Urrille.  born 
1790,   commander  of  a  French  antarctic  exploring  expedition,    1837-1840.)  — 


442  SAPIXDACE.E.  Urvillea. 

Slender  shrubby  climbers  of  tropical  and  subtropical  America,  only  the  most 
common  species  (of  §  Physelytron,  Radlk.,  with  inflated  fruit)  entering  our  flora 
on  the  Mexican  border.  Stems  usually  3-  or  6-grooved.  Leaves  alternate, 
3-foliolate.  Flowers  small,  whitish,  in  ours  borne  in  subsessile  or  slender-peduncled 
axillary  spikes  ;  these  commonly  tendril-bearing  at  the  base  of  the  floriferous 
portion.  —  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  105,  t.  440;  Benth.  «&  Hook.  Gen.  i.  392; 
Radlk.  Sitzungsb.  Kgl.  Bayer.  Akad.  1878,  263,  &  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat. 
Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  305,  f.  158.  — A  small  group,  closely  related  to  the  large 
tropical  genera  Serjania  and  FaulUnia,  and  distinguished  from  them  chiefly  by 
character  of  fruit. 

U.  Tllmacea,  IIBK.  I.e.  106.  Tomentose:  leaflets  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  rarely  ob- 
tusish,  rounded  or  subcordate  at  base,  unequally  or  somewhat  doubly  serrate,  1  ^  to  2  inclies 
long,  an  inch  wide,  paler  beneath :  flowers  scarcely  more  tlian  a  line  in  diameter :  the  3- 
winged  fruit  about  8  lines  in  length,  half  or  two  thirds  as  broad.  —  Kadlk.  11.  cc.  U.  Mexi- 
cana,  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  38;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  48  ;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Herb.  ii.  64.  U.  triphijlla,  Poir.  in  Lam.  111.  iii.  604  (U.  Berteriana,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  602),  is, 
Jide  Kadlk.,  only  a  smooth  form,  but  does  not  reach  our  limits.  —  Cameron  and  Hidalgo 
Counties,  Texas  (ace.  to  Coulter,  1.  c.) ;  fl.  ace.  to  location  almost  throughout  the  year,  but 
chiefly  in  the  winter  months.  (Mex.,  Berlandier,  Eaton  &  Edwards,  Gregg,  Thurber,  Pringle  ; 
Centr.  Am.,  U.  S.  of  Colombia,  Trinidad.) 

5.  SERJANIA,  Plum.  (Dedicated  by  Plumier  to  P/n'Iip  Sergeant,  a 
French  monk  of  the  17th  century,  "skilled  in  botany,  more  skilled  in  medi- 
cine.") —  Woody  climbers  with  alternate  biternate  or  rarely  pinnate  leaves,  and 
pedunculate  thyrsoid-paniculate  clusters  of  small  flowers.  Inflorescences  com- 
monly subtended  by  recurving  tendrils  at  the  summit  of  the  peduncles.  —  Nov. 
Gen.  34;  Juss.  Ann.  Mus.  xxiii.  476;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  602;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen. 
i.  393 ;  Radlk.  Monogr.  Sap.  Gat.  Serjania  (a  detailed  and  masterly  treatment), 
&  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  302.  —  The  largest  genus  of 
the  order ;  occurring  throughout  tropical  and  subtropical  America,  and  especially 
noteworthy  for  the  complex  structure  of  its  rope-like  stems. 

*  Fruit  rather  large,  1  to  1 1  inches  long,  obtuse  at  base,  nearly  smooth  at  maturity  ;  wings 
broad,  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base. 

S.  incisa,  Torr.  Climbing,  4  to  6  feet  in  height :  leaves  3-divided  ;  divisions  3-.'5-foliolate ; 
leaflets  inch  long,  usually  somewhat  rhombic  in  outline,  toothed :  flowers  in  racemiform 
panicles  (an  inch  in  length  excl.  the  .slender  spreading  peduncles)  :  wings  of  frnit  a  third 
inch  broad. —  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  47  ;  Kadlk.  Monogr.  Serj.  267.  S.  ?  aff.  S.  racemose,  Gray, 
PI.  Wright,  i.  38.  —  On  the  Rio  Grande,  Wright  (without  fruit  and  hence  doubtful); 
near  Eagle  Pass,  Texas,  Ilavard ;  a  second  specimen  secured  by  the  latter  collector  from 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Pecos  Kiver  is  only  in  flower,  but  probably  of  this  species.  (Northern 
Mex.,  where  first  coll.  in  Coahuila  by  Bigelow.) 

*  *   Fruit  rather  short,  broadly  3-winged,  and  cordate  at  base,  nearly  or  quite  glabrous ; 
wings  rounded. 

-1—  Seeds  not  wholly  filling  the  somewhat  chartaceous  and  inflated  cells. 
S.  racemosa,  ScnuMACiiEU.  Shrubby  clim])er,  finely  and  rather  densely  pubescent  to 
sniuotbisli :  leaves  mostly  biternate,  or  with  the  terminal  division  ])innatoly  5-foliolate : 
leaflets  rliombic-ovate,  acute  or  obtusish,  mucronate,  few-toothed,  \\  to  H  inches  in  length  • 
panicles  racemose-thyrsoid,  1^  to  2  inches  long,  solitary  at  the  axils,  but  approximate  and 
forming  more  or  less  pyramidal  inflorescences  at  the  ends  of  the  branches  :  peduncles  nearly 
equalling  the  inflorescences,  tendriliferous  at  the  summit:  fruit  6  to  8  (to  10)  lines  long, 
broadest  near  the  cordate  base.  —  Skrivt.  Natur.  Selsk.  Ki<^b.  iii.  pt.  2, 127,  t.  12,  f.  3  (1794) ; 


Sapindus.  S  A  r  I N I )  AC  E.E.  44^ 

Willd.  Spec.  ii.  465  ;  Benth.  Vl  Ilartw.  15  ;  Raillk.  Moiiogr.  Serj.  264.—  Rio  Graude,  Mt-x., 
J.  EkjIiIs,  and  tlirouf^liuut  Me.xici).  Tlie  speciinoii  cDllt-rUMl  In  I'.udm  &.  ICdwunlH  at  Mon- 
terey and  asfi-ibed  to  this  spt-cies  li_v  Dr.  (iniv  (I'l.  Wright,  i.  ,J8)  :i]ipi-ars  to  he  S.  mnau- 
cocca,  Kadlk. 

-J—  -h-  Seeds  nearly  or  cpiite  tilling  the  cells  ;  these  of  tinner  te.xture. 
S.  brachycarpa,  Gk.vy.  Closely  related  to  the  preceding  hut  witli  leaflets  mostly  snialitr 
(6  to  10  lines  long),  thicker,  and  more  densely  tomentose  hcneath  :  racemes  in  tlower  nor  an 
inch  in  length,  in  fruit  somewhat  more  elongated  :  fruit  5  or  6  lines  long,  fully  as  hroad  at 
the  deeply  cordate  ha.sc.  —  (Jray  in  Kadlk.  Monogr.  Serj.  25'J.  —  Corpus  Christi  Hay,  S. 
Texas,  J'uhiur.     (Northern  .Mix.  at  \ictoria,  Tamaulipas,  where  first  coll.  by  iJerlundn  r.) 

6.  CARDIOSPERMUM,  L.  (Kaf,?>ia,  heart,  and  a-Tripfia,  seed.) — 
Slender  herbaceous  or  (in  warm  countrie.s)  sli^litly  woody  clinihens  with  or  with- 
out tendrils.  Leaves  alternate,  biternate  ;  leaflets  usually  incised.  Peduncles 
usually  bearing  two  short  recurving  tendrils  near  the  umbelliform  clusters  of 
small  slender-pedicclled  flowers.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1,  &  Gen.  no.  332;  Gaertn. 
Fruct.  i.  t.  79 ;  Lam.  111.  t.  317  ;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  215,  t.  181  ;  Benth.  &  Hook. 
Gen.  i.  31)3  ;  Radlk.  Sitzungsb.  Kgl.  Bayer.  Akad.  1878,  260,  &  in  Eug\.  & 
Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  306.  —  A  small  but  rather  confused  genus ; 
the  commoner  species  widely  distributed  and  often  cultivated. 

C.  Halicacabum,  L-  (H.\i.u)On  Vine,  Heaktsekd.)  A  graceful  herhaceous  climber 
w  itli  annual  root,  slender  angulate-furrowed  stem  and  smoothish  or  moderately  pubescent 
leaves :  leaflets  more  or  less  distinctly  petiolulate  and  cut-toothed :  petals  whitish,  about  2 
lines  long  :  upper  glands  of  the  disk  short-ohlong,  transverse  :  fruit  subglobo.se  or  somewhat 
obovate,  rather  large,  usually  an  inch  to  inch  and  half  in  diameter ;  seeds  glabrous,  black, 
but  marked  with  a  conspicuous  white  heart-shaped  scar.  —  Spec.  i.  366;  Michx.  Fl.  i.  242; 
Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  254  ;  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Chapm.  Fl.  79.  —  Preferring  moist  soil  and  climbing 
over  low  shrubbery ;  Gulf  States  from  E.  Florida,  where  spontaneous  about  dwellings, 
Curtiss,  and  S.  Florida,  where  apparently  indigenous  (ace.  to  Chapman),  west  to  Texas, 
where  certainly  so ;  fl.  and  fr.  throughout  summer  and  autumn.  (Mex.,  S.  Am.,  Afr.,  E.  Ind.) 
Often  cultivated.  The  southwestern  form  is  somewhat  more  pubescent  and  has  leaflets  of 
slightly  firmer  texture,  thus  showing  some  transition  to 

C.  Corindum,  L.  Perennial,  suffrutescent  at  base :  leaves  and  stems  soft-tomentose  : 
upper  glands  of  the  disk  short,  oblong,  somewhat  obliquely  placed  :  seeds  with  semicircular 
rather  than  heart-shai)ed  scar. —  Spec.  ed.  2,  i.  526 ;  Kadlk.  Sitzungsb.  Kgl.  Bayer.  Akad. 
1878,  261.  C.  moUe,  HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  103;  Coulter,  Contrib.  V.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i. 
33,  &  ii.  65.  —  Common  in  Mexico,  at  Tamaulipas,  Beiiandier,  &c.,  and  \V.  Texas,  Presidio 
Countv,  and  mountains  west  of  Pecos  (ace.  to  Coulter,  11.  cc). 

C.  microcarpura,  HBK.  With  habit  of  C.  Halicuaibum,  but  sometimes  a  little  woody 
toward  the  base  :  flowers  minute :  petals  a  line  or  less  in  length :  fruit  depressed-obovoid, 
8  to  10  lines  in  diameter  ;  seeds  with  a  hroad  lunate  rather  than  heart-shaped  scar  —  Nov. 
Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  104;  Gri.seb.  Fl.  W.  Ind.  122.  C.  II(ilir(ir(il)iim,\ar.  inicrocar/nim,  Bl.  Kum- 
phia,  iii.  185;  Badlk.  1.  c.  — Centr.  and  S.  Florida,  at  Key  West,  Rit</el,  and  in  clayey  soil 
of  "  hammocks,"  near  Eustis,  Nash.     (W.  Ind.,  S.  Am.,  Afr.,  Pacif.  Ids.) 

7.  SAPINDUS,  Tourn.  {Sttpo,  soap,  and  Indus,  Indian,  from  the  (niali- 
ties  of  the  W.  Indian  S.  Snponan'a,  the  soap-berry.)  —  Tropical  and  subtropical 
trees  and  shrubs  with  yellow  wood,  alternate  exstipitate  abruptly  (rarely  odd) 
pinnate  leaves  and  small  whitisli  flowers  in  lateral  or  terminal  racemes  or  pan- 
icles. Fruit  baccate,  usually  of  a  single  maturing  carpel  ami  globose  or  nearly 
so,  less  frequently  2-  or  even  3-lobed  through  the  development  of  one  or  both  of 
the  other  carpels ;  seeds  solitary  in  the  carpels,  large,  nearly  globose,  exalbumi- 


444  SAPINDACE.E.  Sapindus. 

nous,  with  bony  testa.  —  Inst.  659,  t.  440 ;  L.  Gen.  no.  898  ;  Lam.  111.  t.  307 ; 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  213,  t.  180;  Rudlk.  Sitzungsb.  Kgl.  Bayer.  Akad.  1878,  265, 
315,  &  in  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  315  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  67, 
t.  74-77.  — Of  a  dozen  species,  widely  dispersed  in  warm  countries,  the  following 
of  the  §  Eusapindus,  Radlk.,  are  constituents  of  our  southern  flora. 
S.  Saponaria,  L-  (So.\p-berry.)  A  small  tree  with  rough  grayish  bark :  leaves  large, 
4-7-foliolate  ;  leaflets  obloug-lanceolate  aud  acute  to  elliptic-ovate  and  obtusisli,  opposite  or 
alternate,  entire,  of  firm  texture,  glabrous  veiny  and  lucid  above,  toinentulose  beneath  ; 
rhachis  usually  interruptedly  winged  :  petals  about  equalling  tlie  sepals,  scarcely  unguicu- 
late,  with  rounded  blade  pubescent  on  the  inner  surface  and  ciliated  :  fruit  lucid,  6  to  8  lines 
iu  diameter.  —  Spec.  i.  367  ;  Descourt.  Fl.  Antil.  iv.  121 ,  t.  261  ;  Baill.  Hist.  PL  v.  349,  f.  3.53  ; 
Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  613  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  69,  t.  74,  75  (but  leaves  seldom  so  regularly  impari- 
pinnate).  — S.  Florida  aud  Keys.  (W.  Ind.,  S.  Am.)  Specimens  coll.  by  Simpson  show 
that  the  compound  leaves  are  in  some  cases  replaced  by  long  obloug-lanceolate  subsessile 
simple  ones,  which  by  various  transitions  pass  on  the  same  shoot  to  tlie  compound. 
S.  marginatus,  Willd.  A  larger  tree:  leaflets  more  numerous  (7  to  13),  lance-oblong, 
acuminate,  often  somewhat  falcate,  glabrous  and  lucid  above,  slightly  paler  aud  essentially 
glabrous  except  on  the  midnerve  beneatli,  2  to  5  inciies  long,  a  fourth  to  a  third  as  broad ; 
the  upper  usually  subopposite,  the  lower  mostly  alternate  upon  the  wingless  narrowly  mar- 
gined or  marginle.ss  rhachis  :  flowers  white,  often  with  a  reddish  tinge,  borne  in  ample  pyram- 
idal panicles :  petals  short-clawed  ;  the  ovate  obtuse  blade  ciliated  and  bearing  near  the 
ba.se  inside  a  2-lobed  villous  scale :  filaments  villous  :  fruit  yellow ;  the  1  or  2  maturing 
carpels  large,  becoming  8  lines  in  length,  more  or  less  distinctly  carinatedorsally,  somewhat 
oblong,  not  truly  spherical,  not  drying  black.— Enum.  432;  Muhl.  Cat.  41;  DC.  Trodr. 
i.  607  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  255,  as  to  pi.  Ga.  &  Fla. ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  72,  t.  65,  numbered  by 
error  66  (very  poor),  in  part;  Chapm.  Fl.  79  (excl.  westward  range)  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  71, 
as  to  southeastern  plant.  S.  Saponaria,  Michx.  Fl  i.  242  ;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  274  ;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  460  ; 
not  L.  (Lamarck's  figure  is  poor  and  dubious,  but  probably  is  of  this  species.)  S.  fulcatus, 
Raf.  Med.  Bot.  ii.  261.  5.  acuminata,  Raf.  New  Fl.Am.  iii.  22.  S.  ^fa>mtensis,  Shuttl.  in  distr. 
pi.  Rugel,  no.  115,  &  Radlk.  Sitzungsb.  Kgl.  Bayer.  Akad.  1878,  318,  400;  Na.sh.  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  xxiii.  102.  —  Lowlands  of  Florida,  chiefly  near  the  coast,  formerly  collected  in  Georgia 
and  S.  Carolina,  but  no  specimens  from  north  of  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  are  in  the  larger  Amer. 
herbaria.  Ace.  to  Radlkofer's  critical  notes  (1.  c.  394)  S.  mar(]inatiis,  Willd.,  appears  to  be 
onlv  a  form  of  S.  Saponaria ;  but  this  view  has  an  inherent  improbability,  since,  both  from 
description  and  assigned  range,  Willdenow's  not  very  satisfactory  type  is  much  more  likely 
to  appertain  to  the  present  species,  which  extends  to  E.  and  N.  Florida,  and  not  to  5.  Sapo- 
naria,  which  as  aU  available  evidence  indicates  is  confined  to  the  shore  and  keys  of  S.  Florida, 
where  the  flora  has  a  much  stronger  W.  Indian  cast. 
S.  Drummondi,  Hook.  &  Arn.  Similar  to  and  long  confused  with  the  foregoing  species : 
leaflets  in  general  more  numerous  (8  to  19),  narrower,  lanceolate,  1^  to  3  inches  long,  more 
often  falcate,  taper-pointed,  glabrous  above,  soft-pubescent  or  very  tardily  glabrate  beneath  ; 
rhachis  wingless  :  petals  rhombic-lanceolate,  strongly  unguiculate,  narrowed  to  an  obtusish 
sometimes  lacerate  point ;  internal  scale  much  as  in  the  last :  fruit  of  a  single  maturing  car- 
pel, truly  globose,  not  at  all  carinate,  yellow,  drying  black,  somewhat  smaller  than  in  the 
last  species.  —  Bot.  Beech.  281 ,  as  to  a.  S.  marf/itmtiis,  Engelm.  &  Gray,  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  1 ,  33, 
pt.  2,  168;  Gray,  Gen.  HI.  ii.  214  (as  to  western  pi.),  t.  180;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  71.  as  to  west- 
ern pi.  S.  acitminatus,  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  116,  not  Raf.  —  Hillsides,  &c., 
Arkansas  to  W.  Louisiana,  westward  to  Kansas  and  Arizona.  (Mex.)  Known  in  Texas 
(where  abundant)  as  "  Wild  China  Tree"  from  a  superficial  likeness  to  Melin  Azedarach. 

8.  EXOTHEA,  Macfadyen.  ('E^w^cw,  to  eject,  used  in  reference  to  the 
separation  of  this  genus  from  the  Amyridece,  to  which  its  author  believed  it  nearly 
related.)  —  Trees  with  alternate  exstipulate  leaves.  —  Fl.  Jam.  i.  232;  Endl. 
Gen.  1134;  Radlk.  in  Durand,  Ind.  81,  Sitzungsb.  Kgl.  Bayer.  Akad.  xx.  276.  & 
in  Engl.  «fe  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab.  5, 358  ;  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  iv.  100, 


UiKjnadla.  S.VriNDACE.E.  445 

&  Silv.  ii.  73,  t.  78,  79.  Mdicocca,  Juss.  Mem.  Mus.  iii.  1H7,  t.  o,  in  part. 
Hypelate,  Cambessede.s,  ihid.  xviii.  .'Jl,  in  part;  lieiith.  &.  Hook.  Geu.  i.  Idm.  \n 
part.  —  Small  subtropical  genus  consi.stin<j  of  one  Mexicau  species,  an<i  tin; 
following. 

E.  oblongifolia,  M.V(  i  adykv,  I.e.  A  liaiKlsomc  tree  of  moderate  size,  with  liani  dense 
Ijul  (aie.  tu  lUudgftl)  l)rillk'  wood  ami  reddish  l.rowu  Icirk  :  leaves  ahrupih  iiiimale  aud 
iiornially  2-4-foliulate,  rarely  6-foliolate  or  hy  aliortiou  wilii  au  odd  iiuinlier  of  leatlets  ; 
these  ohloiig  or  elliptical,  ohtu.se  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  somewhat  iiarroweil  at  the  sessile 
base,  thickish,  glabrous,  .somewhat  liK-id  al)ove,  2  to  .5  iuthes  long,  '\  to  \\  inclics  broad: 
common  jjitiole  and  rhaehis  i  to  2  inches  in  length  :  Hciwers  many,  white,  in  terminal  sul»- 
corymbo.sc  panicles,  fragrant :  buds  on  short  pedicels  and  clovc-shai)ed,  tomentulose  :  bract- 
lets  minute,  subulate:  sepals  and  petals  broadly  ovate  or  sul>orbicular,  1^  to  2  lines  in 
length  ;  the  former  tomentulose,  persistent  and  at  last  refle.xed  :  fruit  half  inch  in  fliameter, 
globose,  changing  from  orange  to  purjjle,  juicy  at  maturity,  liut  with  thin  riml  and  large 
mahogany-colored  papery-coated  seed;  cotyledons  very  thick,  almost  hemispherical. — 
Hook.  Lend.  Jour.  Bot.  iii.  226,  t.  7.  E.  paniculiita,  Hadlk.  11.  cc. ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  75, 
t.  78,  79.  Melicocca  panicnlata,  Juss.  1.  c. ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  74,  t.  66.  IIi/i>f'latr  jianicniata, 
Cambe.*sedes,  1.  c.  32  ;  Hook.  1.  c.  227.  Sapindus  lucidus,  Hamilton,  ace.  to  Hadlk.  Sitzungsb. 
Kgl.  Bayer.  Akad.  .\x.  276.  —  E.  and  S.  Florida  and  Keys,  where  first  coll.  by  Blodijell ;  fl. 
January  to  April;  fr.  ripe  about  September.     (Cuba,  Jamaica,  San  Domingo  ) 

9.  HYP£;LATE,  p.  Br.  (Pliny's  name  for  the  Butcher's  Broom,  derived 
from  vTTo,  under,  and  iXdrr},  pine  or  fir,  applied  by  Browne  to  this  genus.)  —  Leaves 
palmately  trifoliolate  ;  leaflets  glabrous,  lucid,  thickish  and  veiny,  evergreen. 
Flowers  in  terminal  or  subterminal  panicles.  —  Hist.  Jam.  208 ;  Swartz,  Fl.  Ind. 
Occ.  ii.  655,  t.  14;  Deless.  Ic.  iii.  23,  t.  39;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  408  (excl. 
H.  paniculata)  ;  Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  iv.  100,  «&  Silv.  ii.  77,  t.  80,  81.— W. 
Indian  monotype. 

H.  trifoliata,  Swartz.  (Whit£  Iroxwood.)  A  small  and  slender  tree  with  .«moothisli 
bark:  leaflets  coriaceous,  spatulate,  or  narrowly  oliovate,  1  to  U  inches  long,  a  third  as 
broad,  rounded  or  very  obtuse  at  the  apex,  cuneate  at  the  base;  common  petioles  8  to  18 
lines  in  length,  usually  narrow-winged  near  the  summit:  flowers  white,  1^  to  2  lines  in 
diameter:  petals  and  sepals  subequal,  nearly  orbicular:  fruit  ovoid,  sweetish,  the  size  of  a 
pea.  —  Prodr.  61  ;  Chapm.  J'l.  78  ;  Sargent,  11.  cc.  Ami/ris  IIi/pelate,A.  Kobinson  in  Lunan, 
Hort.  Jam.  i.  149.  —  S.  Florida,  on  Umbrella  Key  and  Upper  Metacombe  Key,  Curtiss  ; 
fl.  June,  July ;  fr.  September.     (Cuba,  Jamaica,  Porto  Rico.) 

10.  UNG-NADIA,  Endl.  (Dedicated  to  David  von  Ungnad,  Austrian 
ambassador  to  Constantinople,  Avho  in  1570  by  sending  seeds  of  the  horse- 
chestnut  to  Vienna  introduced  that  attractive  tree  into  western  cultivation.)  — 
An  ornamental  shrub  or  small  tree  with  reddish  twigs,  alternate  and  unetjually 
pinnate  exstipitate  leaves,  conspicuous  irregular  but  bilaterally  symmetrical  rose- 
colored  fascicled  or  somewhat  corymbose  flowers  upon  jointed  pedicels.  —  Atakt. 
t.  3G;  Endl.  &  Fenzl,  Nov.  Stirp.  75;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  209,  t.  178.  179; 
Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  398 ;  Radlk.  in  Engl.  «&  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  iii.  Ab. 
5,  3G5.  —  A  southwestern  monotype. 

U.  speciosa,  Exni..  11.  cc.  (Mexican  Bickeye.)  Young  parts  tomenttilo.^e ;  leaflets  2 
to  .3  pairs  and  an  odd  one,  ovate-ol)long,  acuminate,  obtusish  or  rounded  at  the  base,  .«errate, 
at  maturity  4  to  6  inches  in  length,  a  third  to  half  as  l)road,  glabrous  al»ove,  pubescent  or 
tomentulose  beneath  :  fascicles  lateral,  sometimes  crowded  :  flowers  numerous,  half  inch  in 
diameter  :  the  long-stipeil  pendulous  leathery  capsule,  when  ripe,  more  than  an  inch  in  diam- 
eter, light-colored,  with  3  rounded  lobes  aud  tipped  with  the  pointed  somewhat  persistent 


446  SAPIXDACE.E.  ^sculus. 

stvle  ;  seeds  smooth  and  shining,  5  lines  in  diameter,  dark  brown  or  black,  but  light-colored 
at  the  relatively  large  hilum.  — 'I'orr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  253,  684;  (Jray,  PI.  Liudh.  pt.  2,  167, 
ri.  Wri"-ht.  i.  38,  &  ii.  30;  Torr.  But.  Mex.  Bound.  48;  Fl.  Serres,  x.  217,  t.  1059;  Schuiz- 
lein  Ic.^.  230**,  f-  2,  8;  Koch,  Dendr.  i.  515;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  337;  Sargent, 
U.  S.  10th  Census,  ix.  44,  &  Silv.  ii.  65,  t.  73.  U.  heterophylla,  &  U.  heptaphi/lla,  Scheele, 
Linnaja,  xxi.  589,  xxii.  352.  —  Rocky  hills,  Texas,  where  first  collected  by  Drummond,  to 
Or^an  Mts.,  New  Mexico,  Wright;  H.  ace.  to  locality,  March  to  May;  fr.  two  months  later. 
(Mex.  southward  at  least  to  Nuevo  Leon,  Palmer.) 

11.  ^SCULUS,  L.  Horse-chestnut,  BrcKP:YE.  (Classical  Latin  name 
of  an  oak,  presumably  from  escare,  to  eat,  in  allusion  to  edible  acorns.)  — Shrubs 
or  trees  of  moderate  size  with  opposite  digitately  or  pedately  divided  exstipulate 
leaves.  Long  petioles  enlarged  at  the  base  and,  on  falling,  leaving  large  some- 
what triangular  scars  upon  the  thick  terete  branchlets ;  the  latter  terminated  in 
winter  by  large  scaly  leaf-buds.  Leaflets  large,  narrowed  at  both  ends  and  usu- 
ally acuminate,  serrate  or  very  rarely  entire.  —  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  2,  22  (as  Esculas)', 
Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  20."),  t.  176,  177;  Benth.  «fe  Hook.  Gen.  i.  398;  Baill.  Hist. 
PI.  V.  424;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  ol,  t.  67-72  ;  Pax  iu  Engl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflan- 
zenf.  iii.  Ab.  5,  275.  Hippocastaimm,  Adans.  Fam.  ii.  383.  Pavia,  Poir.  Diet. 
V.  93.  Macrothyrsus  &  Calothyrsus,  Spach,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  ii.  Gl,  62.  —  A 
group  of  13  or  14  species  of  northern  temperate  and  E.  Ind.  tropical  regions. 
The  related  genus  Bellia  of  Mex.  &  S.  Am.  with  calyx  divided  nearly  to  the 
base  and  leaves  3-foliolate  may  be  regarded  as  distinct,  u^scidus  may  be  con- 
veniently and  naturally  subdivided  into  sections  as  by  Prof.  Pax,  1.  c. 

§  1.  EuJESCULUS,  Pax,  1.  c.  Petals  4  (or  5),  usually  subequal  in  length; 
the  upper  pair  with  narrow  spatulate  blades,  the  lateral  with  rather  broad  blades, 
all  exceeded  by  the  stamens :  calyx  short,  campanulate,  essentially  regular, 
5-lobed :  fruit  (at  least  in  its  early  state)  muricate  with  weak  or  firmer  spines. 

M.  HiPPOcAsTANUM,  L.,  the  Horse-chestnut,  a  rapid  growing  ornamental  shade  tree  of 
Greek  origin,  cult,  since  the  16th  century,  and  deservedly  popular  for  its  attractive  foliage 
and  numerous  showy  thyrsoid  panicles  of  white  and  pale  yellow,  or  roseate-purple  flowers  pro- 
duced in  spring,  is  much  planted  (in  several  varieties)  in  cities.  It  may  sometimes  be  self- 
sown,  but  shows  little  or  no  tendency  toward  naturalization. 

Jfi\,  glabra,  Willd.  (Ohio  or  Fetid  Bcckete.)  A  tree  of  small  size,  rarely  60  or  70 
feet  high :  branchlets  and  petioles  green,  yellowish,  or  brownish,  finely  tomentulose  when 
young :  leaflets  mostly  5,  but  not  rarely  more  numerous,  lance-oblong,  oblanceolate,  or  less 
frequently  obovate,  sharply  acuminate,  finely  and  sharply  serrate,  scarcely  pedate  or  ([uite 
sessile,  ])ubescent  upon  and  tufted  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  and  green  upon  both  surfaces, 
scarcely  paler  beneath:  thyrse  ovate-oblong;  the  spreading  branches  each  bearing  upon 
the  upper  side  a  succession  of  about  6  short-pedicelled  greenish  yellow  or  straw-colored 
flowers:  calyx  (2  to)  3  or  4  lines  long,  pubescent:  corolla  little  over  half  inch  in  length, 
pubescent ;  the  blades  even  of  the  upper  petals  e<]ualling  or  considerably  exceeding  the 
claws:  fruit  globose,  spiny  when  young,  and  echinnlate-roughened  even  in  age. —  Enum. 
405;  Tursh,  Fl.  i.  255;  Guimp.  Otto  &  Hayne,  Abbild.  Holzart.  t.  24;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii. 
207,  t.  176,  177  ;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  55,  t.  67,  68;  Gray,  PI.  For.  Trees  N.  A.  t.  27.  ^.pallida, 
Willd.  1.  c.  406.  yE.  echinata,  Muhl.  Cat.  38.  Al.  Ohioensis,  Michx.  f.  Hist.  Arb.  Am.  iii. 
242;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  597;  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  xxiv.  t.  51  (Ohlotensis).  yE.  mnricata,  ochroleuca, 
verrucosa,  &  alba,  Paf.  Alsogr.  68,  69.  Pavia  Ghioensis,  Michx.  f.  Sylv.  ii.  Ill,  t.  92.  P.  pal- 
lida, &  P.  glabra,  Spach,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser  2,  ii.  54.  yE.  (or  Parla)  carnea,  rnbirunda,  & 
Watsoniana,  Hort.,  forms  with  prickly  fruit  but  roseate  or  variegated  flowers,  are  of  uncertain 
(perhaps  hybrid)  origin,  and  not  known  out  of  cultivation.  —  Rich  woods,  along  alluvial  river 


^sculus.  SAl'IXDACE.E.  447 

banks,  &c.,  from  W.  Tennsvlvania  to  Iowa,  KansaH,  Indian  Territory,  and  H.utliward  ;  H. 
April  to  .luiio.     Passes  west  of  tlio  Mi8sis«i|)j)i  into 

Var.  arguta,  Houinson,  n.  comb.  A  shrub  or  suiall  tree  witlioiit  eonst^mt  flonil 
diffcn  iicos  I. Ill  «iili  leaves  mostly  G-7-foliolate  and  leaflets  narrower,  lanceolate,  and  gener- 
ally more  attenuate  at  both  ends,  sliarjdy  ami  somewhat  doubly  serrate,  sceminglv  of  some- 
what (inner  t.xture  and  with  veinleta  often  pn.minulous.  —  ./t,".  nn/iitu,  Huiklev,  I'roe. 
Acad.  I'hiiad.  18C0,44.'J ;  Younj;,  Fl.  Tex.  20'j ;  \V;its.  liibl.  Index,  177."  ji:.  ;,l,tf,m'r,ny  in 
Hall,  ri.  Tex.  5.  —  Mt.  I'lciisant,  Iowa,  Mills,  to  Mi.x.souri,  Dnsh,  Kansas,  Kellermun,  Xorlon, 
and  Texas,  IhirUei/,  Hall.  An  imperfect  specimen  from  Lampasas  Co.,  Texai4,  Mu$mm, 
having  similar  folia>;e  but  .still  narrower  and  more  numerous  Icalli-ts  (f.  to  10)  is  said  to  li.xve 
smooth  fruit  and  may  be  distinct  and  of  tiie  ftdlnwinj,'  section. 
§  2.    PXviA,  Ruirhenb.      Petals  4,  very  di.ssiiiiilar,  and  at  least  the  upper  pair 

of  theiu  about  e(iualliii<,'  or  usually  exeeediug  the  stamens.     Calyx  more  tubular, 

Globed,  more  or  less  distinctly  gibbous  or  oblique  at  the  base.  —  Nomencl.  108; 

Ta.x,  1.  e.  27G.  —  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Valleys,  S.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States. 

^.  OCtandra,  Mahsh.  (Swekt  Buckeye.)  In  favorable  situations  a  tall  tree  with 
ron,t,diish  ijcray-brown  bark  but  sometimes  (especially  southward)  tl<.werinf,'  as  a  low  shruli 
only  .'3  or  4  feet  in  heigiit :  leaves  .'■)-f<diolate;  leaflets  obovate,  jjraihiallv  or  rarelv  almiptlv 
acuminate,  Lrradually  narrowed  to  a  subsessile  or  petiolulate  base,  finely  sharplv  am!  .some- 
what doubly  serrate  or  .serrulate,  green  and  glabrous  above,  paler  and  tinelv  jmbescent  to 
somewiiat  tlocculent-tomeutulo.se  beneath  :  flowers  pale  yellow,  finely  pui)escent  or  granular, 
borne  on  the  upper  side  of  the  spreading  brandies  of  an  ovate  short-peduneled  thvrse: 
pedicels  short  and  thick,  in  authesis  1  to  "3  lines  in  length  :  calyx  tubular-<'ampanulate,  5  to 
6  lines  in  length  :  lateral  petals  nearly  an  inch  in  length,  with  l>road  ovate  sometimes  cor- 
date or  subcordate  crisped  blade  alxmt  equalling  the  claw;  the  upper  j)etals  .still  longer, 
but  with  small  blades  much  shorter  than  tlie  elongated  claws:  stamens  usuallv  7:  smooth- 
ish  fruit  mottled,  at  first  oblong  or  somewhat  pear-shaped,  at  length  sul)globo.se.  —  Arb.  4  ; 
Sargent,  Gard.  &  For.  ii.  364,  &  Silv.  ii.  59,  t.  69,  70.  j:.  fam.  Ait.  Kew.  i.  494 ;  Pursh, 
Fl.  i.  255;  Gnimp.  Otto  &  Ilayne.  1.  c.  27,  t.  23  ;  "Wats.  Dendr.  Rrit.  ii.  163,  t.  163;  Lodd. 
Bot.  Cab.  t.  1280;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  1-6.  uE.  >iff/l<'rl,i,  Limll.  Hot.  Heg.  t.  1009.  Pan'a 
JIavii,  Miench,  Meth.  66.  P.  nefjlecta,  Don  in  Loud.  Ilort.  Brit.  i.  143.  J'./iiIrn,  &  /'.  6|. 
color,  Raf.  Alsogr.  74.  Paviana  /lava,  Raf.  Fl.  Ludov.  87. —  Rich  woods,  W.  Penu.sylvania 
to  S.  Iowa  and  southward  to  Georgia  and  Texas.  Runs  into  the  following  variety  connect- 
ing with  the  next  species. 

Var.  h^brida,  S.\kgent.  Shrubby  or  rarely  arl)oreons  with  "  jialer  bark":  flowers 
flesii-coldred,  dull  red,  or  purplish,  on  pedicels  about  3  to  4  lines  in  length:  cah  x  less 
inclined  to  be  companulate  or  inflated  :  leaflets  more  commonly  flocculent-tomentulose  be- 
neath. —Silv.  ii.  60.  yE.  Pavia,  Willd.  Berl.  Baum.  12,  at  least  in  ])art,  not  L.  yE.hyhriJa, 
DC.  Ilort.  Monsp.  75.  ^E.  discolor,  Pursh,  FT  i.  255,  at  least  in  part ;  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg. 
t.  310  ;  Gray,  PI.  For.  Trees  N.  A.  t.  30.  AJ.  Pavia,  var.  discolor,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  252. 
^E.  flava,\a.T.  pnrpurasceiis.  Gray,  Man.  ed.  5,  118.  Pavia  discolor,  Poir.  Suppl.  v.  769. 
P.hi/hrida,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  598.  P.  lirida,  iiiutdhilis,  versicolor,  &  lucida,  Spach,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat. 
ser.  2,  ii.  56,  57,  60.  —  Occurring  witii  tiie  type  but  especially  southwe.stward.  An  aggregate 
of  forms  differing  by  trivial  and  incon.stant  diaracters  of  ftdiage,  puliescence,  and  sliade  of 
flowers,  and  all  more  or  less  intermediate  between  the  foregoing  sj)ecies  and  the  following. 

^.  Pavia,  L.  A  neat  .shrub,  6  to  15  feet  high,  with  slemler  branches  :  leaves  5-foliolate; 
leaflets  much  as  in  the  hvst,  but  averaging  somewhat  longer  (5  to  6  inches)  and  relatively 
narrower:  flowers  scarlet  or  crimson,  slender,  1  to  1}  inches  in  length  :  pedicels  slender,  4 
to  8  lines  long,  tending  to  l)e  aggregated  or  .snlifa.sciculate  near  the  ends  of  the  short 
branches  of  the  thyrse ;  this  oliloiig,  6  inches  in  lengtii  and  raised  on  a  jiednnde  1  to  IJ 
inches  long:  calyx  more  slender  and  more  decidedly  tuliular  than  in  the  preceding  species, 
6  to  8  lines  long.  —  Spec.  i.  344  ;  Marsh.  Arl).  5  ;  Pursh,  Fl.  i.  2.54.  Gnimp.  Otto  &  H.iyne. 
1.  c.  t.  21  ;  Bart.  Bot.  App.  28,  t.  15,  f.  3.  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  252  (excl.  var.)  ;  Chapm!  Fl. 
79.  ./-;.  humilis,  "Lod.  Cat.";  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1018,  hence  ]\iria  hiimilia,  Don  in  Loud. 
Ilort.  Brit.  143.  /'.  atropurpima.  l.indlrynna,  Willdrnowiana,  {])  iutcnntdln.  Sc  Mirhinurii, 
Spadi,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  ser.  2,  ii.  58-61.  —  Low  rich  woods  and  also  on  dry  hillsides  through 


448  SAPINDACE.E.  ^sculus. 

the  Southern  States  from  Kentucky  and  W.  Tennessee  to  N.  Carolina  and  Florida ;  fl. 
March  to  April. 

§  3.    Macrothyrsus,  Reichenb.  1.  c.      Petals  4 (-5),  narrow,  spatulate,   sub- 
equal,  much  exceeded  by  the  stamens.     Calyx  regular  or  nearly  so,  narrow,  tubu- 
lar, o-toothed.     Fruit  smooth  except  for  the  persistent  spine-like  base  of  the  style. 
—  Macrothyrsus,  Spach,  1.  c.  61.  — S.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States. 
yip.,  parviflora,  Walt,     a  shrub,  5  to  10  feet  high  :  leaves  pedately  5(-7)-foliolate;  leaflets 
large,  uliovate,  finely  serrate,  sharply  or  even  caudately  acuminate,  darlc  green  and  glabrous 
abme,  pale  and  tomentulose  beneath  :  racemose  panicle  very  long,  slender,  at  flrst  spike- 
like :  calyx  3  lines  in  length,  much  exceeded  by  the  narrow  wiiite  petals,  tiiese  in  their  turn 
much  surpassed  by  the  long  filiform  stamens  (inch  to  inch  and  half  in  length) :  fruit  small, 
globose,  tipped  with  the  sharp  and  somewhat  persistent  style.  —  Car.  128;  Chapm.  Fl.  80; 
Gray,  Fl.  For.  Trees  N.  A.  t.  .31.     yE.  macrostachj/a,  Michx.  Fl.  i.  220;  Jacq.  Ec.  i.  17,  t.  9 ; 
Sims'  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2118;  Ell.  Sk.  i.  436;  Colla,  Hort.  Hipul.  t.  19;  Guimp.  Otto  &   Haync, 
I.e.  t.  26.  —  Upper  country,  Georgia,  S.   Carolina,  and   Alabama.     An   attractive  species 
frequent  in  cultivation. 

§  4.  Calothyusus,  Reichenb.  1.  c.  Petals  4,  subequal,  much  exceeded  by 
the  stamens.  Calyx  short,  symmetrical  at  the  base;  limb  2-lipped  and  cleft 
somewhat  more  deeply  upon  one  side ;  the  lips  entire  or  minutely  2-3-toothed. 
Fruit  unarmed,  at  first  (as  well  as  the  calyx)  canescent-tomentulose,  soon  gla- 
brate.  Flowers  relatively  small  and  very  numerous.  —  Pax,  1.  c.  Calothyrsus, 
Spach,  1.  c.  62.  —  Pacific  Slope. 

lEi.  Calif ornica,  Nutt.  A  tree  of  moderate  height  with  purple  branchlets  :  leaves  5  fdio- 
late  ;  petiules  stout,  flattened  or  grooved  above ;  leaflets  glabrous  upon  both  surfaces,  and 
crenate  serrulate,  oblong-lanceolate  in  outline,  acutish  to  acuminate  at  tlie  apex,  but  mostly 
abrupt  or  even  subcordate  at  the  base,  paler  and  yellowish  green  beneath,  the  outside  jiair 
subse.ssile,  or  with  short  petiolules,  the  otlier  three  slender-stalked  :  petals  with  sbort  claws 
and  oblong  crisped  blades.  —  Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  2.51  ;  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beech. 
327  ;  Henth.  PI.  Hartw.  301  ;  Nutt.  Sylv.  ii.  69,  t.  64 ;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  5077  ;  Fl.  Serres, 
xiii.  39,  t.  1312;  Sargent,  Silv.  ii.  61,  t.  71,  72.  Calothi/rsus  Californicn,  Spach,  1.  c.  Paria 
Coli/ornica,  Hartw.  Jour.  Hort.  Soc.  Lond.  ii.  123.  —  Western  Central  California  from  Mt. 
Shasta  (ace.  to  Brew.  &  Wats.)  to  Santa  Barbara  Co.  and  eastward  to  Fort  Tojon,  Rothrork ; 
fl.  ace.  to  locality  May  to  July. 

M.  PArryi,  Gray  (Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  200),  is  a  related  species  of  N.  Lower  California, 
but  on  account  of  its  .5  fid  calyx  scarcely  to  be  referred  to  this  section.  It  may  reach  S.  Calif., 
and  may  be  readily  di.^tinguished  by  its  obovate  obtusish  leaflets  which  are  canescent-tomentu- 
lose beneath.     (N.  Lower  Calif.,  Pringle  &  Parry,  Orcutl.) 


Order    XLV.     POLYGALACE^. 
By  B.  L.  Robinson. 

Herbaceous,  shrubby,  or  in  warmer  countries  arborescent  plants  with  watery 
juice  (except  in  the  roots  of  certain  species),  simple  alternate  or  more  rarely 
opposite  or  verticillate  entire  mostly  exstipulate  leaves,  simple  hairs,  and  zygo- 
morphous  pseudo-papilionaceous  flowers.  Sepals  5,  free  (in  one  foreign  genus 
adnate  to  the  petals  and  androccium),  strongly  imbricated,  the  odd  one  dorsal,  this 
and  the  anterior  pair  external,  small,  sepaloid ;  the  lateral  (inner)  ones,  com- 


Poh/gala.  l'(  )LV(  iAI.AC'K.K.  449 

monly  known  as  wings  (or  oIcb),  larger  and  potaloid.  PcUils  o  and  alternate  with 
tlie  sepals,  or  more  coinniouly  reduced  to  3  (an  od<l  anterior  on<!  and  a  dorsal 
pair)  ;  tlie  lower  |iri;il,  or  keel  (carina)  concave,  often  crested  or  Ijeaki-d,  more  or 
less  connate  willi  the  others  or  at  least  adnate  to  the  lower  portion  of  the  stami- 
neal  column.  Stamens  commonly  H  (the  anterior  and  posterior  members  of  the 
theoretical  10-stamened  2-whorled  androecium  being  suppressed)  ;  filaments  rarely 
free,  more  commonly  connate  into  a  dorsally  cleft  tube;  antliers,  erect,  innate, 
usually  2-cellcd  at  first  but  becoming  unicellular  by  the  resorption  of  the  partition 
wall.  Carpels  2,  rarely  1,  or  in  a  foreign  genus  5;  ovary  2(rarely  l)-<<ili'd; 
ovules  (with  rare  exceptions)  solitary  in  the  cells,  anatropr)us,  pendulous.  Seeds 
albuminous  or  exalbuminous,  commonly  provided  with  a  more  or  less  conspicuous 
caruncle  at  the  hilum ;  embryo  straight.  —  A  widely  distributed  order  of  which 
more  than  half  of  the  species  belong  to  the  typical  genus  Poh/yuhi. 

Kkameiua,  La^fl.  It.  195,  wliiih  lias  often  l)ecn  a.>isociated  with  this  onlor  slioiiM  l>e  posi- 
tively excluded  from  it  upon  the  grounds  admirably  stated  by  (iray,  (Jen.  111.  ii.  227.  There 
api)eiirs  to  be  no  good  rea.son  why  tiie  genus  should  not  be  placed  in  the  L^ynminosw  CassitcE, 
as  by  Taubert  in  Engl.  &  I'rautl,  Nat.  I'tiauzenf.  iii.  Ab.  3,  85. 

1.  POLYGALA.  Calyx  free  ;  sepals  very  dissimilar,  the  lateral  (inner)  pair  larger,  pota- 
loid.  Petals  rarely  5,  commonly  (through  the  suppression  of  one  j)air)  3,  united  below  into 
a  dorsally  cleft  tube  ;  the  anterior  petal  strongly  carinate,  often  crested  or  beaked.  Stamens 
8;  filaments  more  or  less  completely  united  into  a  dorsally  cleft  tube  adnate  at  the  ba.xe  to 
the  gamopetalous  corolla.  Style  usu.illy  bent  and  stigma  variou.>*ly  and  une<inallv  2(-4)- 
loi)ed,  often  tufted  or  cucullate-appendaged.  Fruit  a  compressed  2-<elIed  wing-margined 
or  wingless  capsule;  seeds  solitary  in  the  cells,  pendulous,  commonly  hairy  and  in  most  of 
ours  conspicuously  carunculate. 

2.  MONNINA.  Calyx  as  in  Poli/ffala.  Petals  3,  nearly  or  quite  free;  the  lower  one  cari- 
nate, more  or  less  inclosing  the  upper  connivent  pair;  these  adnate  at  the  base  to  the 
.'itaniineal  tube.     Fruit  indchiscent,  1-2-celled,  winged  or  wingless. 

1.  POL"!^G-ALA,  Tourn.  Milkwort.  (IloAv?,  much,  yaAa,  milk; 
IloAryaXoi',  a  name  used  by  Dioscorides  for  some  low  shrub,  reputed  a  stimulant 
to  lactation.)  — Inst.  174,  t.  79;  L.  Gen.  no.  507;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  221,  t. 
183,  184;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  13G;  Bennett,  Jour.  Bot.  xvii.  137  et  scq. ; 
Wheelock,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  ii.  109;  Chodat,  Monogr.  Polyg.  (Mem.  Soc. 
Phys.  Hist.  Nat.  Genev.  xxxi.  pt.  2,  no.  2),  &  in  Engl.  &.  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflan- 
zenf.  iii.  Ab.  4,  330.  —  Extensive  but  natural  genus  of  more  than  400  species, 
chiefly  of  warm  regions  and  about  half  of  them  American.  The  subdivision  of 
the  genus,  as  here  given,  is  essentially  that  of  Chodat's  detailed  monograph. 

P.  NrxKAXA,  Moc.  in  DC  Prodr.  i.  330,  &  A.  DC.  Cal(|ues  des  Dess.  t.  39,  with  ovate  acu- 
minate leaves,  orbicular  wings,  and  eniarginate  capsules,  differs  widely  from  any  sj>ecies  known 
to  grow  upon  our  Western  Coast.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  Dr.  AVatson  was  (piite 
right  in  regarding  it  a  Mexican  plant  near  P.  Americana  while  its  confident  identification  with 
P.  cuculliita,  Benth.  by  Chodat  is  not  sujiported  by  a  single  cliaracter. 

§  1.  HebecXupa,  Chodat.  Low  undershrubs  with  alternate  leaves,  cadm-ous 
sepals,  ecristate  beakless  keel,  and  ciliated,  pubescent,  or  tomentulo.se  capsule. — 
Monogr.  Polyg.  9.  —  "Well  marked  group  including  3  W.  Indian  small-flowered 
thick-leaved  species  (Bmliera,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  331),  several  Mexican  and  S. 
American  species,  and  the  following  of  our  southwestern  borders. 

29 


450  POLYGALACE.E.  Pob/f/aln. 

*  Flowers  solitary  in  the  upper  axils,  violet-purple  and  white  :  wings  spatulate :  small  ul>- 
loii"'  leaves  coniniouly  witli  conspicuous  brownish  glands  upon  the  lower  surface. 

P.  macradenia,  Gray.  Erect  much  branched  ciuereous-tomeutose  undershriib,  3  to  8 
iuclics  higli  from  stout  ligneous  root :  leaves  only  2  or  3  lines  in  length,  a  line  or  less  in 
breadth  :  violet  wings  somewhat  exceeding  the  keel :  capsule  ovate-oblong,  emarginate, 
puberuleut ;  seeds  compressed,  narrowly  oblong,  appressed  silky-villous,  2^  lines  long,  sur- 
mounted bv  a  helmet-like  puberuleut  3-lobed  caruncle.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  39,  ii.  30;  Torr.  & 
Gray,  Pacif.  H.  Hep.  ii.  162;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  49;  Chodat,  I.e.  36,  t.  14,  f.  33-36.— 
Hillsides,  W.Texas,  Wrif/ht,  Thurber,  to  Arizona,  Palmer,  Fringle,  Leminon;  first  coll.  by 
Wriykt.  '  (Adj.  Mex.,  Palmer.) 

*  *   Flowers  in  terminal  or  lateral  spicate  racemes,  yellowish  or  greenish  white  (rarely 
"  blue  "  ? )  :  wings  lanceolate  or  obovate  :  leaves  without  conspicuous  glands. 

P.  puberula,  Gkav.  Puberuleut,  branched  from  the  base:  lowest  leaves  sometimes  oval 
or  often  like  tlie  others  linear,  lance-linear,  or  linear-oblong  :  wings  obovate,  obtuse,  siiorter 
than  the  keel :  ca])sule  suborbicular,  emarginate,  4  lines  in  diameter,  glabrous  or  puberulous 
upon  the  surfaces,  pubescent  upon  the  very  narrow  margin ;  seeds  obovate-oblanceolate  in 
outline,  finely  puberuleut  and  with  rounded  caruncle.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  40,  ii.  30 ;  Torr.  Bot. 
Mex.  Bound!  48;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  150;  Chodat,  1.  c.  22.  — W.  Texas  (ace.  to  Coulter,  re- 
ported as  far  east  as  Coleman  County  and  Leona  River)  to  Arizona;  common.  (Mex., 
Lower  Calif.  ?) 

P.  ovatifolia,  Gray.  Moderately  branched  from  a  lignescent  base,  soft  tomentose-pubes- 
cent :  leaves  ovate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  shortly  petiolate,  pubescent  upon  both  surfaces,  8  to 
10  lines  long,  two  thirds  as  broad  ;  the  uppermost  somewhat  narrower,  ovate-lanceolate  : 
wings  lanceolate,  acute  or  acutish,  shorter  than  the  keel :  capsule  large  (at  maturity  5  lines 
iu  diameter),  orbicular,  smooth  on  the  surfaces  but  strongly  ciliated  upon  the  rather  broad 
and  distinctly  marked  border  ;  seeds  ovate,  finely  silky-villous  and  with  hood-shaped  puber- 
ulous caruncle.  —  PI.  Wright,  i.  39  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  19,  t.  13,  f.  26-30.  P.  ovalifolia,  Gray,  PI. 
Lindh.  pt.  2,  151  (not  of  later  publications) ;  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  91,  in  part ;  Wheelock,  1.  c. 
148  (by  evident  clerical  error)  ;  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  i.  31,  ii.  27  ;  not  D(^. — 
Hillsides,  S.  and  W.  Texas,  Wright,  Reverchon,  &c. ;  New  Mexico,  Wright.  (Adj.  Mex., 
Eaton  &  Edwards,  Palmer.) 
P.  MTRTiLLOiDES,  Willd.  (Spec.  iii.  889;  P.  hurifolia,  HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  407, 

ace.  to  Chodat;  P.  ovalifolia,  DC.  Prodr.  i.  331),  of  Mexico  differs  in  its  shorter  puberuleut 

rather  than  pubescent  indumentum,  obtuser  leaves,  and  longer  obtuser  wings,  which  fully 

equal  or  somewhat  exceed  the  keel. 

§  2.  Hebeclada,  Chodat,  1.  c.  43.  Lower  pair  of  sepals  connate ;  entire 
calyx  persisting  in  fruit :  keel  without  crest  or  beak :  a  single  species  of  the 
S.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  with  some  closely  allied  species  of  W.  India  and 

S.  America. 

P.  grandiflora,  Walt.  Root  lignescent :  stems  usually  several,  erect  or  somewhat  flexu- 
ous  and  spreading,  slender  subsimple  or  somewhat  branched,  covered  with  short  appressed 
puberulence :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate  to  lance-linear  or  narrowly  linear-oldong,  mostly  ap- 
pre.ssed-puberulent :  racemes  terminal  and  lateral,  loose  and  secund  ;  pedicels  a  line  or  two 
long  :  flowers  violet-purple  turning  greenish  in  age :  wings  obovate-cuneate  or  flabelliform, 
veiny,  3  lines  long,  nearly  as  broad  :  capsule  elliptic-oblong,  glabrous,  mostly  shorter  than  tlie 
wings;  seeds  oblong,  scarcely  compressed,  appressed-hairy.  —  Car.  179;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl. 
i.  132,  670;  Chapm.  Fl.  84;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  151  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  56.  P.  Senega,  var.  rosea, 
Michx.  Fl.  ii.  53.  P.  puhescens  rosea,  Muhl.  Cat.  63.  P.  puhescens,  Ell.  Sk.  ii.  181.  P. 
Muhlenbergii,  Don,  Syst.  i.  358.  —  Pine  woods,  old  fields,  &c.,  South  Carolina  to  Florida  and 
Mississippi ;  fl.  through  summer. 

Var.  canescens,  Shuttl.  Stem  and  leaves  canescent-tomentulose,  the  latter  lance- 
oblong,  obtuse  :  flowers  essentially  as  in  the  type.  —  Shuttl.  in  distr.  pi.  Rugel,  no.  39,  &  in 
Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  41.  P.  grandiflora,  var.  puhescens,  Chodat,  1.  c.  57  (as  to  pi.  descr.),  is 
probably  the  same,  but  P.  puhescens  rosea,  Muhl.,  was  more  likely  nearer  the  typical  form.  — 
Long  Island,  Tampa  Bay,  Florida,  Rugel,  no.  39. 


Polyrjula.  POLYGALACK.E.  451 

Var.  angUStifolia,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Leaves  vcrv  narrow,  liiieir,  arutisli,  glaiiroux 
or  uearly  so :  tlowirs  siii:ilkr  :  cajjsule  slightly  uarnjwer  and  mostly  e(|nalling  the  wingH.  — 
Fl.  i.  071  ;  P.  jiabtllata,  Siiutll.  distr.  jil.  Kugel,  no.  37;  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  53,  t.  15, 
f.  25,  immature  seed  (the  ripe  ones  not  differing  essentially  fn»mtiiose  of  thetv|»e).  — Centr. 
and  S.  Florida,  /.itivenwortli,  liinji/.  Counter,  I'almtr,  GarUr,  \ash  (plants  of  the  last  tiiree 
in  floral  char,  approaciiing  the  type). 

§  3.     CiiAMitBuxus,   DC.      Herbs  or  uiulershrubs,   sometimes  spiny :    leaves 

alternate :  calyx  mostly  deciduous  :   keel  beaked  or  crested  :    disk  more  or  b-ss 

developed. —  Prodr.  i.  331,  as  modilied  by  Chodat,  1.  c.  93. 

♦    Keel  beaked  with  a  eucunatc  or  cornuto  jirocess  :  flowers  (hctmomorpiinus  or  hcteronior- 
])hous),  mostly  in  leafless  racemes:  Western  and  Southwestern. 
•J—  Unarmed. 
++  Soft  canescent-tomentulose :  leaves  obtuse  or  obtusish  :  flowers  rather  large  in  slujrt 
racc-mes  :  species  of  the  Southwest. 

P.  Rusbyi,  Greene.  Low  undershrub  :  stems  (3  to  5  inches  long)  from  a  much  branched 
ligneous  rootstock :  leaves  elliptic  or  olilancc<date,  cuneate  at  tiie  base,  5  to  8  lines  long, 
uearly  half  as  broad  :  flowers  nearly  half  inch  in  lengtli,  slender-pedicelled  :  wings  carneous, 
elliptical,  4  or  5  lines  long,  half  as  l)road,  somewhat  surpassed  by  the  ro.se-purple  petals : 
keel  witii  oblong  bluntish  beak.  —  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  x.  125;  Wheelock,  I.e.  145;  Chodat, 
1.  c.  104,  t.  18,  f.  1-3.  — Arizona,  Paluier,  Rusby,  Jones,  Lemmon  ;  first  coll.  by  Palmer ;  fl. 
early  summer. 

++  ++  Pubescent  or  ])ubcrulent :  leaves  of  firm  texture,  at  least  the  upper  acute  or  miuro- 
nate :  flowers  smaller,  developing  successively  upon  and  soon  deciduous  from  a  slender 
bracteolate  and  mostly  geniculate  axis:  upper  sepal  often  persisting  under  the  young 
puberulent  capsule  :  southwestern  very  closely  related  species  with  numerous  stems  from 
a  woody  root  or  branched  lignescent  stock. 

=  Upper  leaves  lanceolate. 

P.  Lindhelmeri,  Gray.  Pubescent  or  even  tomentose-pubescent  with  spreading  hairs : 
leaves  reticulated,  mucronate,  not  glaucescent ;  the  lower  oval,  6  to  9  lines  long,  a  third  to 
more  than  half  as  l)road  ;  racemes  (inch  or  more  in  length)  few-flowered  ;  rhacliis  with  4  to 
6  soon  strongly  geniculate  joints :  flowers  purjde,  2  to  2A  lines  long :  outer  sepals  pubescent 
and  ciliated,  narrow  and  acutish  :  wings  cuneate  at  the  base  :  capsule  elliptic-oblong,  covered 
with  spreading  pubescence.  —  PI.  Lindh.  pt.  2,  150,  PI.  Wright,  i.  31),  &  ii.  30;  Wheelock, 
1.  c.  142,  at  least  in  great  part,  but  exd.  var.;  Chodat,  1.  c.  107,  t.  18,  f.  10-12.  — Rocky 
ground,  Texas  and  New  Mexico;  the  earliest  collectors,  Lindheimer,  Wriyht. 

P.  Texensis,  Rohinson,  n.  .sp.  Habit  and  foliage  of  the  last  preceding  species  :  covered 
throngiiout  with  a  very  fine  incurved  or  appressed  puberulence  :  up])er  leaves  more  narrowly 
lanceolate:  racemes  much  longer;  rhachises  with  12  to  18  joints:  outer  sepals  shorter, 
elliptic-oblong,  obtuse,  finely  incurved-puberulent  upon  the  outer  surface :  wings  scarcely 
narrowed  at  the  base  :  appendage  of  the  keel  rather  narrowly  olilong  :  fruit  unknown.  — 
Rocky  places,  Texas,  on  the  Ujipcr  CJuadalupe  River,  Lindheinur,  no.  337,  .Inly,  1845. 
Evidently  growing  with  or  near  the  type  of  the  last ;  also  near  Comanche,  lieveiclion,  no.  708. 

P.  Arizonae,  Chodat.  Similar  in  babit  to  the  last  two  preceding  species  :  glauce.scent  and 
covered  (under  lens)  with  very  short  incurved  or  appressed  hairs,  leaves  lanceolate  to  lance- 
linear,  carinate,  not  strongly  reticulated  :  inflorescences  rather  short ;  rhachises  4-8  jointe<l : 
outer  sepals  ovate-oblong,  relatively  short  and  broad,  olitu.se,  minutely  puberulent  :  ap]>en- 
dage  of  the  keel  very  short  and  blunt :  puberulent  capsule  shorter  and  broader  than  in 
P.  Lindhelmeri.  —  Monogr.  Polyg.  108,  t.  18,  f.  13-15.  P.  Liudheimeri,  var.  jxirrifolia, 
Wheelock,  1.  c.  143.  —  Arizona,  on  limestone  ledges  in  foot-hills  of  the  Santa  Rita  Moun- 
tains, Prinrfle,  1884  ;  also  secured  (ace.  to  Chodat)  on  the  Mex.  Bound.  Surv.  no.  190,  and  in 
New  Mexico  by  Wright,  no.  946. 

=  =  L'ppor  leaves  linear. 

P.  T'Weedyi,  Rritton.  Glaucous  and  (uniler  lens)  incurved-puberulent :  all  leaves  except 
tiie  lowest  oblong-linear  to  linear,  acute,  pale,  erect,  4  to  10  lines  long,  a  Hue  or  less  in 


452  POLYGALACE.E.  Pohjgala. 

breadth  :  inflorescences  short,  3-4-flowerecl,  soon  recurving :  flowers  and  fruit  much  as  in 
the  last  but  beak  of  keel  more  slender. —  Brittou  in  Wheelork,  1.  c.  143.  P.  Arizona;,  var. 
tenui/olia,  Chodat,  1.  c.  109. —  W.  Texas,  Tom  Greene  Co.,  Tu-etdy,  and  what  a])pears  to  be 
the  same  in  S.  Arizona,  Lemmon,  nos.  497  and  2641. 

++  ++  -H-  Glabrous  or  nearly  so  :  low  shrubs  of  the  Pacific  Slope. 
P.  corniita,  Kellogg.  Branching  shrub,  2  to  6  feet  high :  leaves  elliptic-oblong  to  oval, 
obtuse,  often  thickish,  6  to  15  lines  long,  rather  abruptly  narrowed  at  tlie  base  to  distinct 
but  very  short  petioles  :  outer  sepals  tomentulose  over  the  whole  outer  surface,  rarely  almost 
glabrous  :  flowers  4  lines  in  length,  yellowish  or  greenish  white,  borne  in  short  mostly  ter- 
minal racemes :  wings  oblong  :  jietals  scarcely  etjualliug  the  keel ;  tliis  tipped  with  a  slender 
straiglitish  beak  :  capsule  orbicular,  refuse,  4  lines  in  diameter ;  seeds  very  hairy  with  deeply 
lobed  caruncle  half  their  length.  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  i.  62  ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  147.  P.  C'uli- 
fornica,  Nutt.  in  herb,  as  to  preserved  types ;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  59,  but  certainly 
not  P.  Californica,  Nutt.  (as  syn.)  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  671,  which  without  doubt  relates 
to  the  next  species.  P.  cucullata,  Newberry,  I'acif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  76,  not  Beuth.  P.  Califor- 
nica, Chodat,  1.  c.  106,  t.  18,  f.  6-9.  —  Coniferous  woods,  &c.,  mountains  of  California  from 
Los  Angeles  Co.,  Nevin,  northward  perhaps  to  Oregon  ;  first  coll.  by  yuttall. 

P.  Californica,  Nutt.  Similar  in  foliage  but  mostly  of  lower  stature;  stems  shorter,  more 
slender  and  numerous :  flowers  of  two  kinds ;  the  larger  showy,  half  inch  in  length,  roseate, 
borne  in  sliort  terminal  racemes,  mostly  sterile  :  outer  sepals  ciliolate,  otherwise  glabrous  : 
wings  spatulate  :  petals  mostly  exceeding  the  keel ;  this  bearing  a  short  thickish  mostly 
recurved  beak  :  inconspicuous  fertile  flowers  upon  basal  shoots  :  capsule  ovate  to  suborbicu- 
lar,  3  to  4  lines  in  diameter ;  soft  puberulent  seeds  capped  by  a  less  deeply  lobed  caruncle.  — 
Nutt.  in  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  671  (where  definitely  characterized  but  erroneously  regarded  as 
identical  with  the  very  different  and  probably  Mexican  P.  Nutk-ana)  ;  Greene,  Fl.  Francis. 
93;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  111.  P.  Nutkana,  Torr.  &  Gray,  1.  c. ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  49, 1. 12; 
Chodat,  1.  c.  105,  t.  18,  f.  5 ;  not  Moc.  P.  cucullata,  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  299;  Brew.  &  Wats. 
1.  c. ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  146  (by  clerical  error,  see  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xix.  32).  —  Mountains  and 
hillsides,  Oregon,  Howell,  to  Sta.  Barbara,  California,  and  southward,  as  P.  Fls/iice,  Parry, 
Proc.  Davenp.  Acad.  iv.  39,  of  Lower  Calif.,  is  doubtless,  as  stated  by  Chodat,  Bull.  Herb. 
Boiss.  iv.  898,  only  a  robust  southern  form  of  the  same  species. 

-t—  -t—  Branches  mostly  indurating  with  age  and  spinescent-tipped. 

P.  SUbspinosa,  Watson.  Puberulent  or  rarely  pubescent  to  almost  glabrous,  2  to  6  inches 
or  more  in  heiglit,  from  a  long  stout  ligneous  root  and  considerably  branched  stock :  leaves 
lance-oblong  to  elliptic,  spatulate  or  almost  linear,  of  firm  texture,  acute  to  very  obtuse,  5  to 
10  lines  long,  narrowed  to  a  sessile  base  :  flowers  4  to  5  lines  long :  elliptic-oblong  mo.stly  acute 
or  acutish  wings  and  tips  of  the  lateral  petals  rose-purple  ;  keel  yellow,  with  a  distinct  but 
blunt  beak  :  obovate  retuse  glabrous  or  glabrate  capsule  veiny.  —  Am.  Nat.  vii.  299  ;  Ben- 
net,  Jour.  Bot.  xvii,  140;  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Calif,  i.  59  ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  144 ;  Chodat,  I.e. 
109,  t.  18,  f.  16-17.  — Foothills  of  W.  Colorado,  H.  C.  Long,  to  Silver  City,  Nevada,  A'e%.9, 
and  northern  borders  of  Arizona,  Palmer. 

P.  acanthoclada,  Gray.  Stems  more  ligneous,  2  or  3  feet  high,  becoming  an  inch  in 
thickness  (ace.  to  Jones),  at  first  cinereous-tomentulose,  copiously  branched;  branches  end- 
ing in  divaricately  spreading  spines  :  leaves  much  as  in  the  last,  but  in  the  type  smaller,  3  to 
5  lines  in  length,  Inerved  :  flowers  white  or  with  petals  purplish-tinged  at  the  tips:  wings 
obovate,  rounded  at  the  apex :  keel  with  a  short  blunt  or  in  some  cases  almost  obsolete  beak 
or  mere  ridge ;  fruit  (ace.  to  Jones)  oblong-ovate,  2^  lines  long,  deeply  notched.  —  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  xi.  73  ;  Coulter,  Man.  Rocky  Mt.  Reg.  30;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  144;  Jones,  Zoe,  iii. 
284  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  110,  t.  18,  f.  18-20.  —  W.  Colorado,  Bran(lpf]ee,to  Esmeralda  Co.,  Nevada, 
S/iorklf  I/,  and  Sta   Catalina  Mts.,  Arizona,  Lemmon;  first  coll.  by  Brnndeqee. 

Var.  intricata,  A.  I-'astwood.  Leaves  about  twice  as  large  (8  or  10  lines  long),  gla- 
brate or  nearly  so  :  wings  "tipped  with  rose-color":  fruit  oval,  deeply  emarginate,  about  2 
lines  in  length,  "red  on  the  margin."  — Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  vi.  283.  —  Near  the 
eastern  border  of  Utah,  Miss  Eastwood.  Without  characters  which  well  developed  speci- 
mens of  the  too  little  known  type  may  not  also  exhibit. 


Podjfjala.  1'()LY(;ALACJ;.K.  4o3 

*  ♦  Flowers  of  two  kinds,  the  showy  ones  few,  large  (6  to  9  lines  long),  solitary  in  tlie 
upper  axils  or  apjicariiig  terminal :  keel  with  a  cunspiiuous  ]iluniuse  crest:  sin-cies  of  the 
Atlantic  Slojte,  extending  westward  to  Winnipeg. 

P.  paucifolia,  Wim.d.  (Fhisged  Tolygala,  Fmjwkiiino  WixTKUfiitKEN.)  Stems 
several  from  a  slender  elongating  rlii/omo,  erect,  3  to  C  inches  or  more  in  lieight ;  lower 
leaves  small  and  bracllike  ;  the  upi)ermost  clustered  at  the  summit  of  the  stem,  cuneate  at 
the  petiolate  base,  rounded  and  ajiiiuhite,  (jlituse  or  aculish  at  the  ajR-x,  G  to  20  lines  in 
length,  half  or  two  tliirds  as  broad,  ghibrous  or  puberulent :  wings  and  jM-tals  rose-coloreil 
varying  to  wiiite  :  obcordate  ghil)rous  capsule  nearly  orbicular  in  outline,  4  lines  in  dia- 
meter :  deistdgamous  flowers  ])roduced  at  or  near  the  emis  of  siemier  sex  enil  bracted 
brandies  from  tiie  rliizome  or  bases  of  tlie  erect  stems.  —  Spec.  iii.  880;  Hartim,  Fi.  N.  A.  ii. 
59,  t.  56,  f.  1  ;  Hook.  Hot.  Mag.  t.  2832,  &  Fl.  Hor.-Am.  i.  86  ;  Beck,  liot.  46,  with  var.  alha. 
Fights,  the  wiiite-flowered  form  ;  Gray,  (ien.  111.  ii.  224,  t.  184  ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  141.  P.  uui- 
JJoni,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  53.  P.  jinrpurea,  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iv.  244.  Triclis/iprma  f/raiulijlora, 
Kaf.  Speccli.  i.  117.  —  Cool  sphagnum  bogs,  &c.,  Anticosti  (ace.  to  Macoun),  New  Bruns- 
wick, New  Kngland,  and  tlie  Middh'  Atlantic  States,  soutliward  in  the  uplands  to  (ieorgia, 
northwestward  along  tiie  (Jreat  Lakes  to  Winnipeg,  the  plains  of  tlie  Saskatchewan, 
Bourgeau  (?  ace.  to  Macoun),  and  Minnesota. 

§  4.    Orthopolygala,    Chodat,  1.  c.    120.      Unarmed   horlis   or  uii(kr.'ilirul»s 
with  alternate,  opposite,  or  verticillate  leaves,  persistent  calyx,  and  crested  keel. 

*  Oblong  capsule  oblique  at  the  end,  and  winged  (or  wing-marginetl )  upon  one  edge  (wing 
sometimes  inconspicuous  or  almost  obsolete  in  P.  scojxiria):  suffrute.scent  glabrous  |>er- 
ciinials  of  the  Southwest  with  erect  alternate  linear-oblong  acute  or  even  pungent  leaves 
and  small  whitisli  spicate-racemose  flowers:  stigma  bilabiate,  the  upper  lobe  minutely 
pcnicillate. 

P.  hemipterocarpa,  Ohay.  Stems  l  to  several,  erect,  a  foot  or  two  high,  sharply 
furrowed-augulatc,  subsimple:  leaves  half  inch  to  inch  in  length,  carinate  :  flowers  soon 
spreading  or  dctlcxed  in  elongated  terminal  rather  loose  secund  racemes :  wings  elliptic- 
pvate,  cuneate  at  the  base,  rounded  at  the  apex,  scarcely  equalling  the  capsule ;  wing  of  the 
capsule  broad,  white,  crenulate  or  crisped  ;  seed  long  and  slender,  soft-villous,  and  with  a 
caruncle  a  tliinl  to  more  than  half  its  length.  —  PI.  Wright,  ii.  31  ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound. 
49;  Wiieelock,  1.  c.  138;  Chodat,  1.  c.  281,  t.  26,  f.  1-2  (ind.  var.  trac^ca/a).  — Mountains, 
W.  Texas  ?  (see  Wheelock,  1.  c.) ;  New  Mexico,  Wn'ijlu ;  Arizona,  Lemmon,  Pringle. 
P.  SCOparia,  HBK.  Of  lower  growth,  6  to  15  inches  high,  usually  much  liranched  from 
the  ligneous  base ;  stems  or  branches  slender,  flexuous,  leafy :  leaves  4  to  6  lines  long,  pun- 
gent :  cajjsule  with  a  very  narrow  wing-margin  on  one  edge :  otherwise  much  like  the  last. 
—  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  399  ;  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i.  38,  ii.  30,  ind.  var.  miilticaiilis ;  Seem. 
Bot.  Herald.  269;  Wheelock,  1  c.  137  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  282,  t.  26,  f.  3-5.  '.  P.  scopanoiilcs, 
Chodat,  I.e.  284,  t.  26,  f.  6,  7  (differences  probably  formal).  — Mountains  and  foot-hills. 
Central  and  W.  Texas  to  Arizona.     (Mex.) 

*  *  Capsule  wingless. 
■i-  Sepals  not  conspicuously  decurrent  upon  the  pedicels :  flowers  purple,  roseate,  white,  or 
cream-color  :  wiugs  obtuse  or  obtusish  e.xcept  in  P.  Iloobri,  P.  brevi/olia,  and  P.  cruriata. 
++  Perennials  (except  P.  alba,  P.  T3oi/lini,  and  P.  pnctervlsa)  with  stems  (in  well  devel- 
oped plants)  always  several  to  many  from  an  often  ligncscent  root  or  stock. 
=  Flowers  of  two  kinds,  namely,  small  green  cleistogene  very  fertile  ones  commonly  borne 
on  palo  basal  more  or  le.-<s  buried  shoots,  and  larger  roseate  or  white  less  fertile  ones  in 
rather  loo.se  terminal  racemes :  leaves  alternate. 
P.  pol^gama,  Walt.     Stems  angled,  leafy,  4  inches  to  a  foot  or  more  in  height:  leaves 
elliptic-oblong  to  linear,  obtuse  but  often  mucronulate  at  the  apex,  cuneate  at  base,  on  the 
slender  fertile  basal  shoots  reduced  to  small  scales :  larger  flowers  rose-colored  to  almost 
violet-purple:  peilicels  slender,  .soon  horizontal  and  at  length  recurved,  consideraldy  exceed- 
ing the  deciduous  l)ractlets :  wings  oval,  narrowed  at  ba.se:  capsule  broadly  oMong-ovate  ; 
seed  hairy  or  subglabrous,  with  conspicuous  bilobed  loo.sely  cellular  caruncle  three  fourths 


454  POLYGALACE.E.  Polygala. 

its  leugth :  cleistogene  flowers  with  reduced  greeuisli  or  pale  envelopes  and  styleless  ovary. 
—  Car.  179;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  132;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Ain.  i.  86,  t.  29;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  139; 
Chodat,  1.  c.  279,  t.  25,  f.  36-40  (incl.  formal  vars.  obtusata  ajid  macrospora) ;  not  DC.  P. 
rubella,  Willd.  Spec.  iii.  875;  Bigel.  Med.  Bot.  iii.  129,  t.  54.  —  Saudy  fields  and  rich  woods. 
Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario  and  Lake  of  the  Woods,  Dairson  (ace.  to  Macouu),  south  to  Florida 
and  Texas;  fl.  spring  and  summer,  somewhat  according  to  latitude.  A  pale-flowered  form, 
the  var.  pallida,  Ilollick  (or  rather  Brittou?),  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xviii.  256,  occurs  in  some 
localities  with  the  typical  one.  Forms  with  short  racemes  of  clcistogamous  flowers  spring- 
ing from  the  upper  leaf-axils  or  even  with  the  flowers  of  the  terminal  raceme  reduced  and 
cleistogamous  (var.  aboktiva,  Chodat,  1.  c.  280),  are  occasionally  found. 
=  =  Flowers  greenish  white  (persistent  wings  sometimes  erubescent  or  purplish),  subses- 
sile  in  terminal  mostly  compact  spikes:  none  cleistogene:  leaves  all  alternate,  lanceolate 
to  ovate :  root  becoming  thickish  :  wings  suborbicular. 
P.  Senega,  L.  (Skneca  Snakeroot.)  Root  stoutish,  often  irregular,  surmounted  by  a 
compact  branching  caudex :  stems  simple  or  nearly  so,  terete,  slightly  puberulent,  6  to  15 
inches  in  height,  leafy :  lowest  leaves  scale-like,  obtuse,  often  erubescent ;  the  others  lance- 
linear  to  elliptic-lanceolate,  6  to  18  lines  in  length,  a  fourth  as  broad,  with  scabrous  (or 
under  lens  denticulate)  margins:  capsules  thickish,  broader  than  long;  seeds  black,  puberu- 
lent, somewhat  pyriforra,  conspicuously  carunculate.  —  Spec.  ii.  704;  Sims,  Bot.  Mag.  t. 
1051  ;  Hook.  FL  Bor.-Am.  i.  85;  Bigel.  Med.  Bot.  ii.  97,  t.  30;  Gray,  Gen.  111.  ii.  223,  t.  183  ; 
Wheelock,  1.  c.  134;  Chodat,  1.  c.  278,  t.  25,  f.  34,  35.  — Open  woods  in  rich  soil,  Aroostook 
Falls,  New  Brunswick,  Hay;  Vermont,  Quices ;  east  shore  of  Hudson  Bay,  R.  Bell;  the 
Rocky  Mountains  of  Brit.  America ;  and  southward  to  N.  Carolina,  Tennessee,  and  Arkan- 
sas;  fl.  through  summer.  Extensively  collected  for  officinal  root  and  becoming  scarce  in 
most  localities.     Certainly  passing  into  the  often  strikingly  different 

Var.  latifolia,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Root  mostly  more  slender:  stems  taller:  leaves  (at 
least  the  upper  ones)  ovate,  acuminate  at  each  end,  2  or  3  inches  long,  an  inch  or  even  more 
in  breadth,  mostly  serrulate :  inflorescences  inclining  to  be  laxer  and  capsules  and  seeds 
mostly  larger  than  in  the  typical  form.  — Fl.  i.  131  ;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  2-6;  Wheelock,  1.  c. 
135.  P.  Senega,  var.  dentata,  Chodat,  1.  c.  279,  from  description,  in  which  author  neglects 
to  mention  type  specimens  or  range.  —  Rich  woods,  Pennsylvania  to  Georgian  Bay,  I^ake 
Huron,  Dickson,  ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun,  westward  to  S.  Dakota,  ace.  to  Rydberg,  and  south- 
ward to  Tennessee.  The  more  marked  specimens  are  western,  those  of  the  Virginian 
mountains  showing  transitions  to  the  type. 

=  =  =  Flowers  (of  one  kind)  white  or  roseate,  in  terminal  tapering  spikes:  root  not 
thickened  :  leaves  linear-lanceolate  to  elliptic-oblong,  all  or  at  least  the  primary  ones  tend- 
ing to  be  verticillate. 
a.   Species  of  the  Southern  States  east  of  the  Mississippi :  capsule  suborbicular. 
P.  Boykini,  Nctt.     Glabrous,  1  to  3  feet  high  :  stems  sharply  angled :  lower  leaves  elliptic 
or  oval,  obtuse,  often  apiculate;  the  upper  lance-oblong,  acute,  all  verticillate  or  the  upper 
scattered  :  spikes  1 1  to  4  inches  long,  gradually  tapering,  long-peduncled ;  the  nearly  sessile 
white  or  greenish  white  flowers  with  broad  oval  or  suborbicular  wings:  capsules  IJ  to  2 
lines  in  diameter ;   seeds  appre.ssed-pubescent,  curved,   somewhat   tapering   to   the  apex ; 
lobes  of  the  caruncle  rather  broad,  often  imbricated. — Jour.  Acad.  I'hilad.  vii.  86  ;  Chodat, 
1.  c.  137,  t.  20,  f.  15,  16.     P.  Bojjkinii,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  131,  670;  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
xxi.  416 ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  120,  excl.  var.     P.  bicolor.  Hook.  Jour.  Bot.  i.  194  ;  Torr.  &  Gray, 
Fl.  i.  130.     P.  alba,  Chapm.  Fl.  85,  from  char.  —  Preferring  calcareous  .soil,  from  Georgia, 
where  first  coll.  by  Boijhin,  to  Florida  and  westward  to  New  Orleans,  where  early  coll.  by 
Dnunmoud :  fl.  ace.  to  conditions,  from  early  spring  to  autumn.     Narrow-leaved  specimens 
from  Alabama,  Buckley,  in  habit  simulate  P.  alba,  but  owing  to  their  shorter  and  relatively 
broader  capsules  are  by  Dr.  Watson  referred  to  the  present  species. 
b.   Species  of  Florida :  capsule  elliptic-oval 
P.  prsetervisa,   Chodat.     Slender  glabrous  annual  (2  feet  high)  with  several  flexuous 
simjde  or  considerably  branched  .slightly  angled  scoparious  stems  with  a  few  approximate 
verticels  of  leaves  near  the  base,  otherwise  sparingly  alternate-leaved  or  nearly  naked  and 
junciform :  leaves  lanceolate  to  linear,  acutish  or  very  acute,  even  the  largest  only  4  or  5 


Polij(jala.  POLYGALACE.E.  455 

lines  long  and  a  line  or  line  and  a  half  broad  :  slender  long-peduncled  spikes  of  small  white 
flowers  very  tapering,  1  to  2  Indies  long:  capsule  smaller  than  in  the  related  species,  at 
full  maturity  scanely  a  line  in  length,  two  thirds  as  broatl :  small  cylindrical  approssed- 
hairy  seed  witli  hilohed  caruncle  half  its  length  ;  the  lohes  not  imbricated.  —  Monogr.  Polvg. 
140," t.  20,  f.  19,  20.  l\  IJuij/cinii,  var.  s/<(//s//o/,</,  Wheelock,  1.  c.  121.  — Ciral  soil,  riuij-.e 
Key,  S.  Florida,  Vurtiss,  no.  503* ;  H.  early  spring.  Amply  distinct  from  /'.  Boijkini  in  its 
capsule  as  well  as  smaller  leaves  and  scojiarious  habit, 

c.  Species  of  western  range  :  capsule  short-oblong. 
P.  alba,  Nltt.  Hoot  single,  of  doubtful  periiaps  varying  duration :  .stems  erect,  8  to  20 
inches  in  height,  leafy  up  to  or  .somewhat  above  the  middle,  terminating  in  slender  naked 
peduncles  :  leaves  all  alternate,  or  the  lowest  verticillate,  narrow,  oblong  to  linear,  half  inch 
to  inch  in  length,  a  line  in  breadth;  the  lowest  ones  liroader,  spatulate,  obtuse,  the  others 
acute:  spikes  1  to  3  inches  hmg,  at  fir.st  very  <len.<e :  Howers  white:  wings  ovate,  narrowed 
at  base,  exceeding  the  capsule:  2-lobed  caruncle  about  half  the  length  of  the  oblong  dark- 
colored  appres.sed-villous  seed. —  Gen.  ii.  87  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  1.'51  ;  (Jray,  I'l.  Fendl.  30, 
PI.  Wright,  i.  38,  &  ii.  30  (excl.  Sonoran  plants);  Wheelock,  I.e.  136;  Cho<lat,  I.e.  135, 
t.  20,  f.  13,  14.  —  Plains,  Louisiana  to  Dakota  and  westward  to  Washington  and  Arizona. 
(Mex.)     Common  and  at  the  Southwest  somewhat  variable. 

Var.  SUSpecta,  Watson.  Lower  in  stature,  with  more  slender  perhaps  annual  root 
anil  decumbent  stems :  all  of  the  leaves  or  at  least  the  lower  and  middle  cauline  verticillate, 
oblong-lanceolate  :  Howers  (sometimes  erubescent),  fruit,  and  seed  essentially  as  in  the  typ- 
ical form.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxi.  416.  P.  alba,  form,  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  ii.  .30,  as  to 
Sonoran  plants.  P.  alba,  var.  Schaffneri,  Chodat,  1.  c.  137.  —  Mountains  of  Arizona,  Lem- 
mon,  Wilcox.  (Common  in  Mex.,  where  coll.  by  Seemann,  Gregfj,  Wriijht,  Schaffner,  Parry 
&  Palmer.)  Very  closely  related  if  not  identical  is  P.  bicotor,  IIBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v. 
394,  t.  507,  regarded  both  by  Gray  and  by  Chodat  as  a  low  variety  of  P.  alba.  The  North- 
ern Mexican  P.  subalata,  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxvi.  132,  of  identical  habit,  appears  to 
differ  only  in  seed-characters  of  doubtful  constancy. 

++  ++  Strictly  annual  (except  P.  setacea) :  root  slender,  simple  or  branched  ami  perpendicu- 
lar, or  of  slender  fascicled  fibres,  neither  ligneous  nor  thickened:  stem  single  at  base 
(rarely  2  or  3  in  the  leafless  P.  setacea),  erect,  sometimes  branching  from  the  lower  inter- 
nodes  but  not  from  a  caudex. 

=  Leaves  all  alternate :  petals  united  into  a  slender  tube  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the 
spatulate  wings. 
P.  incarnata,  L.  Tall  slender  flexuous  smooth  and  glaucescent  annual,  simple  or  few- 
branched  :  stems  angled,  often  almost  naked :  leaves  narrow,  linear,  acute,  erect,  seldom 
over  half  inch  long,  sometimes  much  reduced  :  spikes  terminating  the  axis  and  elongated 
branches,  cylindric,  rather  dense  :  tubular  corollas  roseate,  spreading  from  near  the  summit, 
2  lines  or  more  in  length,  conspicuously  crested  :  fruit  .soon  exposed.  —  Spec.  ii.  701  ;  Hill, 
Veg.  Syst.  xxii.  t.  51,  f.  1  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  84;  Chapm.  Fl.  84;  Gray.  Man.  ed.  1-6; 
Wheelock,  1.  c.  124  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  189,  t.  22,  f.  10-18.  —Dry  thin  .soil,  oak  and  pine  barrens, 
also  on  prairies,  New  Jersey  to  S.  Ontario,  Dodge,  ace.  to  J.  M.  Macoun,  Wisconsin,  Indian 
Territory,  Bush,  and  southward  to  Florida  and  Texas ;  fl.,  ace.  to  situation,  from  April  to 
September.  The  var.  3  of  Torr.  &  Gray  (Fl.  i.  129  ;  P.  paniculnta,  LeConte,  not  L.)  coll. 
in  Georgia  by  LeConte,  and  described  a.s  paniculately  branched,  almost  leafless,  and  with 
corolla-tube  little  exceeding  the  wings,  is  obscure,  perhaps  not  of  this  species. 
=  =  Leaves  all  alternate:  wings  exceeding  the  corolla:  root  a  fa.scicle  of  numerous  slender 
fibres  :  racemes  elongated  very  slender  and  loosely  flowered  :  species  of  the  Southwest. 

P.  paludosa,  St.Hil.  Very  slender,  glabrous,  1  to  2  feet  high,  simple  below,  mostly 
branched  above  ;  the  branches  few,  erect :  leaves  narrowly  linear,  very  acnte,  erect :  small 
pale  or  rose-purple  flowers  at  length  nodding  on  very  short  filiform  pedicels  in  the  slender 
soon  loosely  flowered  attenuate  spicate  r.-xcemes  :  elliptic-obovate  cuneate-b.a.sed  wings  and 
short-oblong  fruit  about  three  fourths  line  in  length  ;  seed  pubescent  and  provided  with  a 
small  bilobod  caruncle  about  one  eighth  of  its  length.  —  Fl.  Bras.  Merid.  ii.  8,  excl.  vars  in 
part ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  226,  t.  24,  f.  4,  5.     P.  leplocaulis,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  130;  Wheelock,  1.  c. 


456  POLYGALACE^.  Pohjgala. 

127.  —  Moist  sandy  and  grassy  places,  Louisiana  and  Texas.  (S.  Am.  in  S.  Brazil,  Para- 
guay, &c.)  Overlooking  the  small  hut  distinct  hilohed  caruncle,  Chodat,  1.  c,  has  called  the 
N.  American  form  var.  exaiipendiculala.  In  the  seeds  examined  the  caruncle  a))i)ears  to  he 
essentially  as  in  the  S.  American  plant.  In  its  peculiar  geographic  distribution  this  species 
may  be  compared  with  Speigulana  Platensis,  Cienfaegosia  sulphurea,  &c. 
==  =  ==  Leaves,  at  least  the  lower  ones,  verticillate  :  wings  obtuse  or  rounded  at  the  apex : 
flowers  in  slender  tapering  spikes. 
P.  leptostachys,  Suuttl.  Tall  and  slender,  scarcely  branched,  1  to  2  feet  high  :  inter- 
nodes  four  to  six  limes  as  long  as  tlie  linear-oblong  acute  verticillate  leaves  :  spikes  a  line 
and  a  half  in  diameter ;  small  Howers  sessile ;  elliptical  wings  exceeded  by  the  elliptic- 
oblong  capsule.  —  Shuttl.  in  Gray,  Tl.  Wright,  i.  41  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  85 ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  121  ; 
Chodat,  1.  c.  140,  t.  20,  f.  21.  —  Dry  pine  barrens,  Florida,  first  coll.  by  Leavenworth.  Readily 
recognizable  by  its  very  elongated  internodes. 
P.  verticillata,  L-  Kather  low,  seldom  over  8  inches  in  height  except  at  the  southwest, 
'  when  well  developed  rather  copiously  and  verticillately  branched  and  somewhat  flat-topped : 
leaves  all  or  nearly  all  verticillate:  flowers  white  or  greenish  but  rarely  with  distinct  pur- 
plish cast,  compactly  arranged  :  wings  usually  smaller  than  the  capsule  which  is  apt  to  be 
conspicuously  exposed  at  maturity.  —  Spec.  ii.  706 ;  Hill,  Veg.  Syst.  xxii.  t.  5;},  f.  3 ;  Torr. 
&  Grav,  Fl.  i.  130;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  122;  Chodat,  1.  c.  138,  t.  20,  f.  17,  18,  inch  var.  aparl- 
noides^a.t  least  as  to  no.  26  of  Drummond,  but  excl.  var.  amblgua.  —  Dry  pastures,  &c.,  Maine 
to  Florida,  west  to  the  Saskatchewan,  Bourgeau,  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Texas,  and  even 
Utah  ;  common  ;  fl.  midsummer.  A  taller  form  from  Texas,  coll.  Wright,  has  longer  more 
looselv  flowered  spikes. 

Var.  ambigua,  Wood.  Quite  simple  or  irregularly  branched,  often  taller  than  the 
type:  upper  and  sometimes  middle  cauliue  leaves  alternate:  spikes  often  loosely  flowered 
helow  :  flowers  commonly  but  not  invariably  purple-tinged  :  wings  about  e<iualling  and  often 
appressed  to  the  fruit.  —  Class-Book,  ed.  of  1861,  296;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man. 
ed.  6,  122  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  139.  P.  ambigua,  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  89  ;  Gray,  Man.  ed.  1-5  ;  Wheelock, 
1.  c.  124.  — Dry  rich  soil,  Hartford,  Maine,  Parlin;  Vermont,  Brainerd ;  Springfield,  Massa- 
chusetts', Mrs.  Smith ;  Rhode  Island,  J.  F.  Collins  (white-flowered) ;  New  Jersey  to  Georgia, 
and  westward  to  Louisiana,  Missouri,  and  Indian  Territory,  C.  S.  Sheldon  (ace.  to  Holz- 
inger).  Generally  recognizable  from  the  type  but  not  distinguished  from  it  by  a  single 
constant  or  wholly  satisfactory  difference. 

=  ^  ^  =  Leaves  all  alternate,  sometimes  much  reduced :    wings  about  equal  to  or  sur- 
passing the  corolla :  root  simple  or  branched,  not  of  fascicled  fibres. 
a.   Leaves  almost  filiform  or  reduced  and  scale-like:  inflorescences  (rather  dense)  ovoid  to 
cylindric,  with  conical  gradually  tapering  summit :  very  slender  simple  or  few-branched 
species  of  the  Gulf  States,  a  foot  to  18  inches  in  height. 
P.   setacea,  Michx.     Perennials,  sending  up  successive  slender  sul)simple  almost  filiform 
'apparently  naked  stems  ;    these  (rarely  2  or  3  coetaneous)  in  turn  dying  down  and  leaving 
only  their  blackened  per.sisting  bases ;    branches  when  present  simple,  erect :    leaves  scale- 
like, linear-subulate,  scarcely  more  than  a  line  in  length  :  flowers  small,  white  or  nearly  so: 
wings  spatulate :  small  capsule  at  length  somewhat  deltoid  from  a  broad  base.  —  Fl.  ii.  52  ; 
Ell.'"sk.  ii.  183  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  129  ;  Wheelock,  1.  c  126  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  195,  t.  22,  f.  28- 
31.  —Pine  woods,  &c.,  Florida  and  perhaps  Georgia;  fl.  spring. 
P.  Chapmanii,  Torr.  &  Gray.     Similar  in  its  slender  flexuons  habit  but  annual :  leaves  4 
'to  8  lines  in  length  :    flowers  rose-purple  :    crest  of  keel  reduced  to  2  or  more  low  blunt  pro- 
cesses.-Fl.  i.  131  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  83  ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  132  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  192,  t.  22,  f.  21-23.- 
Florida,  where  first  coll.  by  Chapman,  to  Alabama,  Mohr,  and  S.  Mississippi,  Miss  Skehan. 
h.   Leaves  linear  to  narrowly  oblong:  inflorescences  snhglohose,  ovoid,  or  short-cylindric, 
very  obtuse  or  (in  P.  Curtissii)  tending  to  be  abruptly  apiculate  :  plants  when  well  devel- 
oped considerably  branched. 
P.  Curtissii,    Gray.     When  young  subsimple  but  soon  copiously  branched,  6  to  15  inches 
'hi<rh:  branches  widely  spreading,  curved-ascending,  leafy  :  stem-leaves  oblong-linear,  about 
an^inch  long  ;  the  rameal  linear,  4  to  9  lines  in  length,  not  a  line  in  breadth  :  inflorescences 


Polygala.  POLYGALACE^.  457 

sleiuler-petluncled,  commonly  ratlier  dense,  ovoid  or  even  oblate,  half  inch  or  more  in  diam- 
eter, tending  to  he  aijiculate  tlirongli  the  protrusion  of  the  hract-covered  axis  :  flowers  r<jso- 
purple,  on  filiform  divaricate  pedicels,  these  two  or  tliree  times  exceeding  the  wholly 
persistent  bractlets :  wings  narrowly  ovate-elliptic,  conspicuously  unguiculate,  about  a  line 
in  breadth  :  fruit  at  length  exposed,  broader  tlian  long  ;  small  black  seeds  pyriform,  almost 
beaked,  surmounted  by  a  caruncle  scarcely  a  fourth  :ls  long.  —  Man.  ed.  5,  121  ;  Wheelock, 
1.  c.  129.  P.  A"h/^///(,  Chodat,  1  c.  190,  t.  22,  f.  19-20,  not  'I'orr.  &  (Jray.  —  Dry  ground  on 
hillsides,  fields,  and  in  open  woods,  Pennsylvania,  at  Betlilehem,  Wollc,  a<.c.  to  Wiieelock, 
southward  to  Georgia,  westward  to  Alabama,  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  and  (?)  Arkansas; 
especially  abundant  in  Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia;  H.  June  to  October.  The 
original  specimens  (coll.  near  Ale.xandria,  Virginia,  by  C'urtiss)  have  the  flowers  loosely 
racemose  with  some  of  the  subtending  bcactlets  elongated  and  subfoliaceous,  but  are  in  these 
regards  highly  exceptional,  possibly  abnormal,  so  tiiat  there  is  scarcely  need  to  apply  Dr. 
Gray's  name  var.  pi/ciwst<ichi/a  (published  by  Knowlton,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  iii. 
106)  to  the  ordinary  more  densely  flowered  form. 

P.  Mariana,  Mill.  Resembling  the  last  preceding,  but  mostly  with  fewer  more  erect 
branches:  smaller  roseate  flowers  clustered  at  the  summit  of  the  elongated  axis  in  an  ovoid 
mostly  very  siiort  and  obtuse  slender-])edunculate  inflorescence  (4  to  5  lines  in  diameter): 
lower  bractlets  deciduous  with  or  soon  after  the  flowers  :  wings  oval,  obtuse,  ratlier  alirujitly 
contracted  below  and  very  short-clawed  :  small  relatively  broad  rather  turgid  pods  and  pyri- 
form  seeds  nmch  as  iu  the  last.  —  Diet.  ed.  8,  no.  6,  ace.  to  Wheelock,  1.  c.  131,  the  type 
having  been  examined  by  Prof.  Britton  (Pluk.  Mant.  153,  t.  438,  f.  5).  P.fastirjiuta,  Nutt. 
Gen.  ii.  89  ;  Chapm.  bl.  83;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  121  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  193,  t 
22,  f.  24,  25.  P.  sanguinea,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  126,  in  part. —  Hillsides,  &c.,  Delaware, 
Canbi/,  to  Florida,  W.  Tennessee,  Bain,  Texas,  Wright,  and  Arkansas,  ace.  to  Lesquereux. 

P.  Nuttallii,  Tour.  &  Gray.  Similar  to  the  two  preceding  but  of  lower  stature  (4  to  9 
inches  high),  almost  always  with  a  few  erect  branches:  pedunculate  inflorescences  more 
slender  and  distinctly  cylindric,  2  to  3  lines  iu  thickness,  obtusish  or  subacute  ;  divaricate 
branchlets  persisting  on  lower  parts  of  the  floral  axes :  small  flowers  nearly  sessile,  purplish 
or  greenish  white:  elliptic-lanceolate  subacute  wings  about  a  line  in  length.  —  Fl.  i,  670 
(as  to  first  syn.  P.  sanguinea,  Nutt.) ;  Chapm  Fl.  83  ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  133.  P.  sanguinea, 
Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  88,  not  L.  P.  Torrei/i,  Chodat,  1.  c.  194,  t.  22,  f.  26,  27  (who  by  Warwich, 
Kingtown,  and  Cogdon,  doubtless  means  Warwick,  Kingston,  and  Congdon).  —  Mostly  in 
poor  soil,  Martha's  Vineyard,  Oakes,  Khode  Island,  Tluuber,  Olneg,  Congdon,  and  from  Long 
Island,  Wintnn,  S.  Pennsylvania,  Porter,  southward  to  Maryland,  Canbg,  and  Kentucky, 
chiefly  near  the  coast  and  seemingly  most  common  in  tlie  barrens  of  New  Jersey ;  fl.  late 
summer.  The  Missouri  occurrence  of  this  species,  mentioned  by  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray, 
Man.  ed.  6,  121,  and  its  Arkansas  occurrence  ace.  to  Hranner  &  Coville,  Hep.  Geol.  Surv. 
Ark.  iv.  168,  have  not  been  verified  by  the  writer.  Wats.  Bibl.  Index,  91,  and  Wheelock, 
1.  c,  would  seem  to  be  in  error  in  citing  P.  amhigua,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  130,  as  a  synonym 
()f  this  species. 

P.  sanguinea,  L.  More  leafy  and  leaves  broader,  even  the  rameal  often  oblong  rather  than 
linear:  spikes  thick,  soon  cylindric,  when  fully  developed  half  inch  in  diameter,  blunt: 
flowers  considerably  larger  than  in  the  foregoing  related  species :  the  broadly  ovate-oblong 
wings  closely  imbricated,  in  fruit  3  lines  in  length,  two  thirds  as  broad,  sometimes  slightly 
mucronnlate  at  the  broad  rounded  apex,  ro.^e-purple  passing  througli  various  gradations  to 
greenish  white,  with  conspicuous  more  deeply  colored  midnerve  :  bractlets  usually  persist- 
ent, from  half  to  fully  as  long  as  tlie  sj)rea(iing  pedicels  :  flask-shaped  puberulent  black  seed 
with  a  caruncle  half  or  more  than  half  its  length.  —  Spec.  ii.  705  ;  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  52  ;  Bigel. 
Fl.  Bost.  166;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6,  121  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  191.  /'.  viridescens, 
L.  1.  c. ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  127,  incl.  var.  all)! flora,  the  wliite-flowered  form.  P.  purpurea, 'SiM. 
Gen.  ii.  88;  Barton,  Fl.  N.  A.  ii.  t.  47  (wings  too  acute).  —  Meadows  and  roadsides.  Nova 
Scotia,  McCulloch,  southward  to  N.  Carolina,  westward  to  Minnesota,  Kansas,  and  Indian 
Territory,  Palmer :  fl.  June  to  October.  An  attractive  species,  the  commonest  of  the  North- 
eastern States.  Albinos  are  not  infre(|uent. 
==  =  =  =  =  Leaves  all  or  in  great  part  verticillate  :  wings  acute  to  caudate-acuminate. 

P.  Hookeri,  Torr.  &  Gray.    Slender  flexuous  angulate  stem  more  or  less  branched  above, 


458  POLYGALACE.E.  Polyrjala. 

6  to  15  inches  high,  soon  almost  leafless  below  :  leaves  3  to  6  lines  long,  scarcely  a  line  wide : 
pedunculate  racemes  rather  loose  and  terminated  even  in  fruit  h\  tiie  protruding  sterile 
imbricate-bracted  apex  of  tlie  axis :  wings  ovate-oblong,  slightly  narrower  and  more  acute 
than  in  the  next,  mostly  conduplicate  and  thereby  appearing  still  more  sharply  pointed, 
commonly  exhibiting  uear  the  apex  a  spongy  (glandular  ;)  tliickeuing:  seeds  scai-cely  luilf 
line  long."— Fl.  i.  671  ;  Chapm.  ¥\.  84;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  119;  Chodat,  1.  c.  188,  t.  22,  f.  13- 
15.  P.  attennata,  Hook.  Jour.  Bot.  i.  195,  not  Xutt.  —  Gulf  States  from  Florida  to  Louisi- 
ana ;  first  coll.  by  Dnimmond. 
P.  brevifolia,  Nitt.  Erect,  much  branched,  6  to  10  inches  high  or  rarely  taller :  leaves 
narrowly  elliptic  to  linear-oblong,  mostly  obtuse,  6  to  8  lines  long,  a  line  and  a  half  iu 
breadtl),  the  rameal  commonly  alternate :  flowers  rose-purple  in  pedunculate  rather  dense 
spicate  or  capitate  racemes  whicii  are  soon  obtuse  tit  the  summit :  wings  broadly  ovate-oblong, 
commonly  expanded  and  flattish,  merely  acutish :  seeds  ovoid,  fully  three  fourths  line  in 
lengtii,  almost  black,  loosely  puberulent,  about  equalled  by  the  two  long  narrow  scale-like 
lobes  of  the  caruncle.  —  Geu.  ii.  89;  Chapm.  Fl.  84;  Wats.  &  Coulter  in  Gray,  Man.  ed.  6, 
122  ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  119;  Chodat,  1.  c.  187,  t.  22,  f.  10-12.  P.  cruciata,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i. 
127,  in  part.  —  Margins  of  swamps,  &c..  New  Jersey,  where  apparently  common;  also  in 
Florida,  Chapnuin,  and  Mississippi  at  Ocean  Springs,  Tracij,  Pollard,  where  in  its  taller 
growtli  and  more  apiculate  racemes  it  approaches  the  last.  Intermediate  stations  of  this 
(ace.  to  present  knowledge)  geographically  dissevered  species  may  be  sought  with  interest. 
Its  occurrence  iii  Ohio,  althougii  mentioned  in  the  original  description,  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  confirmed  iu  recent  times. 
P.  cruciata,  L.  Mostly  low  (3  to  10  inches  in  height)  and  corymbosely  branched:  stem 
wing-angled  :  leaves,  in  fours  or  fives,  narrowly  elliptic-oblong,  obtuse  or  mucronulate,  punc- 
tate, about  an  inch  in  length,  1  to  2  lines  in  breadth,  the  uppermost  usually  surrounding  and 
often  surpassing  the  short  thick  subsessile  spicate  or  capitate  rather  dense  sometimes  apicu- 
late racemes  of  rose-purplish  to  greenish  white  flowers  (rather  large  for  the  genus) :  wings 
caudate-acuminate  from  broad  deltoid  subcordate  base  :  seed  sparingly  pubescent,  black  or 
nearly  so,  elliptic-oblong  in  outline,  nearly  equalled  by  the  caruncle.  —  Spec.  ii.  706 ;  Gray, 
Gen.  ni.  ii.  223,  t.  183,  f.  12,  13,  &  Man.  ed.  1-6 ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  117  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  185,  "t. 
22,  f.  6-9.  P.  cuspidata,  Hook.  Jour.  Bot.  i.  1 94,  not  DC.  —  Peal  bogs,  margins  of  swamps 
and  occasionally  in  drier  situations.  New  England  to  Minnesota  and  southward  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico ;  fl.  midsummer  and  early  autumn.  The  very  characteristic  caudate  acumination 
of  the  wings  is  sometimes  reduced  or  wanting  [Leggett).  In  the  Gulf  States  plants  of  taller 
stature,  and  with  narrower  linear  leaves,  pedunculate  inflorescences,  and  deeper-purple 
flowers,  may  be  distinguished  as  var.  ramosior,  Nash,  in  herb.  (Florida,  Duval  Co.,  Ciirtisx, 
no.  509,  Lake  Co.,  Nash,  nos.  1210,  2192,  New  Smyrna,  Palmer,  no.  30;  Alabama,  Gates; 
Mississippi,  Ocean  Springs,  Pollard,  no.  1069),  but  the  name  is  not  well  chosen,  as  the  de- 
gree of  branching  is  neither  constant  nor  marked. 

-<—  H—  Flowers  (homomorphous)  bright  yellow  or  orange  (except  in  P.  Baldwini),  borne  in 
short  thick  terminal  or  corymbosely  paniculate  obtuse  or  apiculate  spikes  or  racemes  : 
erect  glabrous  mostly  showy-flowered  annuals  or  biennials  with  fibrous  or  single  and  few- 
branched  roots  and  always  alternate  or  basal  leaves:  .sepals  tending  to  be  decurrent  upon 
the  thus  angled  or  narrowly  winged  pedicels  :  species  of  the  Middle  and  S.  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  States  :  wings  acute  or  cuspidate.  — Decurrentes,  Chodat,  1.  c.  197. 
-H-  Spicate  or  capitate  racemes  solitary  or  few  and  remote,  terminating  the  stems  or  their 
few  simple  branches. 

=  Wings  ovate-lanceolate,  gradually  and  sharply  acuminate :  keel  with  a  long  crest  of 
slender  bifid  processes:  stems  low  (1-J  to  4  or  5  inches  high),  often  subscapose. 
P.  nana,  DC.  Subacaulescent  annual  with  slender  perpendicular  simple  or  sparingly 
branched  root  and  clrefly  radical  spatulate  obtuse  or  mucronulate  leaves:  flowers  very 
numerous  in  compact  oblong  spikes  bristling  with  the  sharp-pointed  wings,  yellow  turning 
dark  bluish  green  in  drying:  caruncle  scarcely  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  seed. — 
Prodr.  i.  328  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  127  ;  Chapm".  Fl.  83;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  116  ;  Chodat,  1.  c  199, 
t.  22,  f.  40,  41.  P.  lutm,  var.  nana,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  54.  P.  viridescens,  Walt.  Car.  178;  Ell. 
Sk.  ii.  186;  not  L.  —  Dry  fertile  soil  and  low  coniferous  woodland,  S.  Carolina  to  Florida, 


]'o/;/yala.  l'(  »1.V(- ALACK.K.  459 

Louisiana,  and  Arkansas  ;  fl.  March  to  June.  Var.  humillima,  Chodat,  1.  c.  200,  is  merely 
the  must  dwarf  furiu  (or  perliajis  stale)  with  iutluresceuces  suli»eii»ile  among  the  rudiial 
leaves. 

=  =  Wings  ovate-oldong  or  elli|)tic-ol)long  with  sliort  sliarp  ajiiral  cusp:  keel  with  a  hliort 
crest:  stems  (mostly  8  inches  tu  a  foot  or  more  in  height)  leafy. 
P.  lutea,  L.  Annual,  erect,  6  to  15  inches  high:  stems  often  several  from  a  suhfilirous 
root,  simple  or  witii  a  few  sj)readiiig  branches  near  or  aliove  the  middle  :  cauline  lea\eM  ol»- 
long-laneeolate,  acute  ;  liie  lower  and  radical  ones  passing  to  si):itulate  or  even  olwivate- 
cuueate  with  rounded  ai)ex  :  tlowers  in  iiroad  <lense  ohtn.HC  or  (through  the  pmjecting 
innermost  bracts)  cuspidate  long-j)ednncled  capitate  racemes,  suli)hur  yellow  or  omnge,  not 
turning  dark  in  drying  :  wings  hecoming  3 J  lines  in  Icngtii  and  li  lines  in  breadth  :  crest  of 
the  keel  of  6  or  8  short  processes  (half  line  or  less  in  length),  the  ujiper  (dorsal)  ones  nither 
broad  and  not  filiform:  seed  wilh  a  slender  caruncle  most  often  of  nearly  its  own  length. — 
Spec.  ii.  705  ;  Torr.  &  (iray,  Fl.  i.  127  ;  Chapm.  Fl.  8.{ ;  Meehan,  Native  Flowers,  ser.  2,  ii. 
123,  t.  31  ;  Wheclock,  1.  c.  115;  Chodat,  1.  c.  I'J",  t.  22,  f.  32-35.  /'.  Psciitloseiieiju,  liertol. 
Bot.  Miscel.  xv.  21,  t.  3,  f.  2  (Hot.  Zeit.  xiv.  784),  ace.  to  Gray.  —  Sandy  soil,  low  pine  wootls, 
&c.,  Long  Island,  New  York, and  S.  V..  IVnnsylvaiiia,  to  Florida,  Mississijij)!,  and  (ace.  to 
Lus(|uereux)  Arkansas;  11.  Ajjril  lo  July. 

P.  Rugelii,  SiUTTL.  In  technical  characters  very  dose  to  tlie  preceding:  taller,  a  foot  or 
two  in  height:  stems  simple  or  with  a  few  simple  mostly  erect  branches:  inflorescence  ovoid 
becoming  oblong:  flowers  somewhat  larger  (wings  becoming  fully  2  lines  in  breadth), 
lemou  yellow,  turning  dark  bluish  green  in  drying:  cre.st  of  the  keel  a  little  over  half  line 
in  length,  the  proccs.scs  subfiliforni,  often  bifid  :  .seeds  essentially  a.s  in  the  la.st.  —  Shuttl.  in 
Chapm.  Bot.  Gaz.  iii.  4,  &  Fl.  ed.  2,  613;  Wheelock,  L  c.  114;' Chodat,  1.  c.  198.  P.  /%- 
noldscE,  Chapm.  Fl.  ed.  2,  613.  —  Low  ground,  Florida;  fl.  May  to  September. 
•H-  ++  Racemes  numerous  and  coryinbosely  arranged  in  a  terminal  many-branched  inflores- 
cence :  flowers  small  but  showy. 

=  Basal  leaves  rosulate,  elongated,  attenuate;  the  cauline  much  reilncod. 

P.  Cymdsa,  Walt.  Root  a  fascicle  of  long  slender  fibres  :  .xtems  single,  erect,  large,  fista- 
lose,  1  to  3  feet  or  more  in  height :  radical  leaves  linear,  attenuate,  3  to  6  inches  long,  yel- 
lowish green  :  racemes  at  first  dense  l)ut  soon  somewhat  lax  :  flowers  rather  small,  yellow- 
becoming  greenish  black  in  drying:  wings  abru))tly  cuspidate  from  an  obtu.xe  or  roumled 
apex  :  seeds  small,  subglobose,  acutish  at  the  apex,  glabrous ;  caruncle  obsolete.  —  Car. 
179  ;  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  128,  670 ;  Chapm.  Fl.  82 ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  112  ;  Chodat,  1.  c.  201, 
t.  23,  f.  1-3.  P.  cori/7nbosa,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  54,  in  ])art.  P.  (jramlneifolia,  Poir.  Diet.  v.  500. 
P.  atfemidta,  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.  90.  P.  arulifolia,  Torr.  &  Gray,  i.  128.  —  ISIarshy  jdnces  and 
margins  of  ponds  in  ])in('  barrens,  &c.,  Dcliiware,  Cfiiihi/,  to  Florida  and  Louisiana;  fl.  June 
to  September. 

=  =  Stems  leafy  :  radical  leaves  obtuse  or  obtusish. 

P.  ramosa,  Ell.  Fibrous-rooted  annual,  8  to  15  inches  in  height:  .stem  not  enlarged  be- 
low, in  mo.st  specimens  equably  leafy  to  the  inflorescence:  leaves  half  inch  to  inch  and  a 
half  in  length;  the  cauline  oblong,  acute;  radic;il  s])atulate,  obtuse:  flowers  slender-pedi- 
celled,  in  size  and  arrangement  much  as  in  the  last  ])receding  species,  also  yellow  ami  turn- 
ing green  or  black  in  drying:  wings  more  gradually  acuminate:  seed  small,  dark  brown, 
soft-pnberulent,  and  with  a  minute  bifid  terminal  caruncle.  —  Sk.  ii.  186;  Cha]im.  Fl.  82; 
AVheelock,  I.e.  112;  Chodat,  1.  c.  202,  t.  23,  f.  4,  5.  P.  ci/nwsa,  Poir.  Diet.  v.  .500,  not 
Walt.  P.  ronjmhosa,  Nutt.  Gen.  ii.89;  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  128;  not  Michx.  — Sandy  hills, 
also  low  pine  barrens,  &c.,  with  same  range  as  the  ]ireceding,  but  westward  to  Texjis, 
I.rdvrntrorth,  ace.  to  Wheelock,  1.  c.  113;   fl.  niidsuininer. 

P.  Baldwini,  Nrxx.  Stature,  habit,  and  foliage  as  in  the  preceding  :  stem  strongly  angled  : 
flowers  somewhat  larger  (lanceolate  acnininate  wings  2  lines  in  length),  white,  short- 
pedicelled  or  subsessile  in  dense  corynibosely  arranged  heads,  fnigrant.  in  typiciil  form  dry- 
ing yellowish  white. —  Gen.  ii.  90;"f11.  Sk!  ii.  187  (lialdnlni);  Chod:it.  1.  c!  203.  t.  23.  f.  6, 
7.  P.  Bnldwiuii,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fl.  i.  128  ;  Wheelock,  1.  c.  113.  —  Moist  sandy  soil,  in  pine 
barrens,  &c.,  Georgia  to  S.  Florida,  westward  to  Mississippi,  Tracij ;  fl.  midsummer.     Var. 


460  rOLYGALACE^.  Monnina. 

CHLOR6GEyA,  Torr.  &  Gray,  I.e.  129  (where  printed  chlorgena),  is  a  form  in  which  the 
flowers  turn  deep  green  in  drying,  but  the  other  distinctions  do  not  hold. 
2.  MONNINA,  Ruiz  &  Pav.  (/.  Moiiino,  Spanish  nobleman  and  patron 
of  botany.)  —  Fl.  Peruv.  Syst.  i.  1G9  ;  IIBK.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Spec.  v.  409,  t.  501- 
505;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3122;  Benth.  &  Hook.  Gen.  i.  139;  Baill.  Hist.  PL 
V.  89  ;  Chodat,  Bull.  Herb.  Boiss.  iv.  243.  Bebeandra,  Bonpl.  ace.  to  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  338.  —  A  genus  of  tropical  and  subtropical  America,  ranging  from 
Mexico  to  Brazil  and  including  some  70  species  of  herbs,  shrubs,  and  even  small 
trees.  Only  one  species,  a  smoothish  annual,  resembling  a  Polygala,  reaches 
our  southwestern  border. 

M.  Wrightii,  Gray.  Erect,  slender,  suhsimple  or  moderately  branched,  10  inches  to  2 
feet  in  height :  leaves  subsessile,  lanceolate,  entire,  cuneate  at  the  base,  the  lower  ones  ob- 
tusish  at  the  apex,  the  upper  ones  narrower,  lance-linear,  long-attenuate :  flowers  in  simple 
terminal  pedunculate  spikes,  crowded  in  bud,  laxer  in  anthesis  and  somewhat  scattered  in 
fruit,  U  lines  long,  greenish  or  cream-colored,  becoming  bluish  with  age:  fruit  deflexed, 
suborbicular,  puberulent,  about  2  lines  in  diameter  including  the  radiately  nerved  wing.  — 
PI.  Wright,  ii.  31  ;  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  49.  —  Gravelly  slopes  and  rocky  hillsides.  New 
Mexico,  near  the  copper  mines,  Wright,  no.  ^3%;  S.  Arizona,  Ze/nmon,  no.  499.  (Chihuahua, 
Pringle.) 


SUPPLEMENT   TO  VOL.   L    PART  L 

(Issued  with  Fascicle  II.) 


ADDITIONS  AND   CORRECTIONS. 
By  B.  L.  Robinson. 

Dfrexg  the  last  year  and  a  half  much  has  been  written  relating  to  the 
orders  treated  in  Fascicle  I.  To  subject  this  newly  published  but  already 
copious  matter  to  the  careful  critique  which  it  merits,  and  to  incorporate 
any  great  part  of  it  in  the  present  issue  would  considerably  delay  the 
appearance  of  Fascicle  II.  On  this  account  it  seems  Ijest  merely  to  cor- 
rect the  evident  errors  in  Fascicle  I,  which  have  come  to  the  notice  of 
the  editor,  and  to  add  only  such  supplementary  matter  as  can  be  satis- 
factorily presented  without  loss  of  time,  judgment  upon  many  of  the 
recently  proposed  species  and  varieties  being  necessarily  deferred. 

General  Key  to  the  Orders,  page  vii,  under  *,  line  2,  after  "  perigy- 
nous  in  some  Resedacece"  add,  many  FicoidecB. 

RANUNCULACEiE. 

1.   CLl&MATIS,  L. 

C.  Virginiana,  L-,  p.  4.     Add  locality,  N.  E.  Nebraska,  Clements,  a  pubescent  form. 

C.  Suksdorfii,  Robinson,  p.  4.    Add  lit.  Card.  &  For.  ix.  255,  f.  36. 

C.  Viorna,  L.,  p.  5.     Extend  range  to  Middle  Georgia,  ace.  to  Small. 

C.  Addisonii,  Bkitton,  p.  5.  Add  lit.  Gard.  &  For.  ix.  .324.  f.  4.3,  and  extend  range  to 
Ciiniherlaiid  Mts.,  Tennessee,  ace.  to  Small.  The  form  mentioned  at  tlie  close  «if  the  de- 
.scriptioii  is  the  "  C.  viornioides"  of  Britton  (named  in  Mem.  Torr.  Clnl».  ii.  .30,  and  defended 
by  Small,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxii.  473),  confessedly  a  hybrid,  never  independently  de.<!cribed, 
nor  subsequently  included  in  Professor  Britton's  own  list  of  species  ( Mem.  Torr.  Club,  v. 
1.58). 

C.  Pitcheri,  Torr.  &  Gray,  p.  6.  Add  to  range,  Kansas,  X»rlnn.  For  "  Var.  leio- 
stylis"  and  "Var.  lasiostylis,"  read,  Var.  leiost^lis  and  Var.  lasiosty- 

lis,  and  in  note  2,  p.  6,  for  "  i>.  corilalu  "  and  "  6.  crisfia,"  read,   C.  cordata  and  C.  crisfxi, 
respectively. 


462  SUPPLEMENT. 

C.  ochroleuca,  Ait.,  p.  7.     In  line  5,  for  "  about  inch,"  read,  15  lines  to  2  inches. 

C.  Douglasii,  Hook.,  p.  8.  Add  syu.  C  Douglasii,  var.  Bigelovii,  Jones,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad. 
feci.  ser.  2,  v.  614,  not  C.  Bigelovii,  Torr. 

Var.  Scottii,  Coulter.  Add  to  range,  Black  Hills,  S.  Dakota,  Rydberg,  and  Mon- 
tana, ace.  to  Small. 

C.  verticillaris,  T>C.,  p.  8.  Range  should  be  extended  to  Delaware,  ace.  to  Canby,  and 
Soutlnvestern  A'irginia,  ace.  to  Small. 

Var.  Columbiana,  Gkay.  Add  lit.  Jones,  1.  c.  Professor  Jones,  wlio  had  indepen- 
dently reached  the  same  conclusion  as  Dr.  Gray  regarding  this  plant,  .states  that  liis  Coutrib. 
to  Western  Hot.  vii.,  although  printed  3  October,  1895,  was  not  distributed  until  after  the 
issue  of  Fascicle  I  of  the  present  work. 

C.  alpina,  var.  tenuiloba,  Gray  (1895),  p.  9.  Later  republished  by  Pydberg,  Contrib. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iii.  479  (1896).     Dr.  Gray's  name  should  stand  as  authority. 

2.    ANEMONE,   Tourn. 

§  1.  Pulsatilla,  Tourn.,  p.  9.  Add  lit.  E.  Iluth  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xxii.  582- 
592. 

PcLSATfLLA  mtJlticeps,  Greene,  Erythea,  i.  4,  of  N.  Alaska  (where  coll.  Turner),  is  known 
to  the  editor  only  from  the  vague  and  unsatisfactory  description.  Asiatic  species  are  to  be 
expected  in  the  region  and  the  dwarfed  dimensions  are  very  likely  the  result  of  the  high 
latitude. 

A.  Drummondii,  Watson,  p.  lO.  Very  near  this  must  stand  (ex  char,  et  icon.)  the  re- 
cently proposed  A.  Cali/ornica,  Eastwood,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  vi.  423. 

A.  Tetonensis,  Porter,  p.  10.     Add  lit.  Jones,  T'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  v.  615. 

A.  Canadensis,  L.,  p.  12.     Add  locality,  Kansas,  Norton. 

5.    THALlCTRUM,  Tourn. 

T.  Fendleri,  var.  platycarpum,  Trelease,  p.  16.  Add  syn.  T.  platijcarpum,  Greene, 
Pittonia,  i.  166,  not  Hook.  f.  &  Thoms. 

T.  OCCidentale,  Gray,  p.  I6.     Add  locality,  Wyoming,  Nelson. 

T.  venulosum,  Trelease,  p.  16.  T.  campestre,  Greene,  Erythea,  iv.  123,  is  said  on  excel- 
lent authority  to  be  a  synonym. 

T.  pol^gamum,  Muhl.,  p.  17.  For  "  Var.  macrostylum,"  read,  Var.  macrost^- 
lum.  Rngel's  plant  is  probably  the  one  mentioned  in  Bot.  Zeit.  iii.  218-219,  as  T.  Conniti, 
var.  monostyla  (clerical  error  ?). 

T.  coriaceum,  Small,  p.  17.     Add  locality,  Cumberland  Mts.,  Tennessee,  ace.  to  Small. 
8.   MYOStTRUS,  Dill. 

M.  apetalus,  Gay,  p.  19.     Add  locality,  Assiniboia,  M^acoun. 

M.  minimus,  L.,  p.  19.  Extends  to  S.  E.  Virginia,  ace.  to  Small ;  also  northward  to  As- 
siniboia, Macoun. 

9.    RANtTNCULUS,  Tourn. 
R.  hystriculus,  Gray,  p.  22.     Extend  range  to  Portland,  Oregon,  Miss  Cummings. 
R.  Andersonii,  Gray,  p.  22.     Strike  out  reference  to  var.  tenellus,  and  at  do.se  of  descrip- 
tion add 


KANLNCLLACE.E.  403 

R.  juniperinus,  Jones.  Nearly  related  to  and  with  much  the  habit  of  R.  Andmonii : 
.stem  lalkr  aiul  more  sleuder,  commonly  branched,  bearing  one  leaf  and  mostly  2  Howern  : 
leaves  more  finely  dissected  :  petals  internally  wiiite,  but  becoming  at  Iciwt  externally  rose- 
purple  :  akenes  fiat,  not  inflated,  1  to  I J  lines  in  length,  heuce  much  smaller  than  in  R. 
Andersonii.  —  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  li,  v.  GIG.  R.  Andersonii,  var.  tenellwi,  Wats. 
Bot.  King  E.\p.  7,  t.  1,  f.  8-10.  —  Kocky  .soil,  coniferous  wo<jds,  Utah,  Watson,  Parry,  Joht- 
son,  Jones.     Good  fruit-characters  separate  this  from  the  preceding. 

R.  Cymbalaria,  I'lksh,  ji.  23.     On  hust  line  of  page,  strike  out  "  eil.  :i,"  and  for  "  173," 

read,  2(;."). 

R.  alismaefolius,  var.  alismellus,  Gray,  p.  27.  The  extreme  form  of  this  plant  with 
broad  and  even  coniate  leaves,  the  A*.  Populago  of  Greene  has  been  redescril>ed  as  A'. 
Cnsirkii  by  Jones,  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  v.  615.  Althougii  it  may  well  be  worthy 
varietal  rank,  it  lacks  constant  or  satisfactory  characters  for  specific  separation. 

R.  Lemmoni,  Gkay,  p.  28.  This  rare  species  has  recently  been  rediscovered  near  Truckee, 
Califoriiia,  t)y  C.  F.  Sonne. 

R.  glaberrimus,  Hook.,  p.  28.  Add  syu.  R.  glaberrimus,  var.  eilii>ticus,  Greene,  Fl. 
Kiaiicis.  298,  a  I'orin  again  raised  to  specific  rank  by  Greene,  I'ittonia,  iii.  92. 

R.  Allegheniensis,  Buitton,  p.  32.  Specimens  of  this  interesting  and  geographically  dis- 
severed species  have  been  collected  on  Mt.  Monotuck,  Easthampton,  Ma.s.sachusetts,  Purdie, 
and  in  the  Adirondack  Mts.,  ace.  to  Britton. 

R.  recurvatus,  Poir.,  p.  33.     Occurs  as  far  west  as  Montana,  ace.  to  Small. 

R.  fascicularis,  Mlhl.,  p.  37.  For  "E.  New  England  and  Texas,"  read,  E.  New  Eng- 
land to  Texas. 

13  a.    ErAnthis  hyemAlis,  L.,  p.  42.     In  line  3  of  descr.,  for  "  relict,"  read,  relic. 

14.     AQUILfiGIA,  Tourn.      The  etymology  of  the  generic  name  is  at 
best  doubtful. 

A.  brevistyla,  Hook.,  p.  43.     Add  lit.  Rydberg,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iii.  481,  t.  18. 
A.  saximontana,  P.  A.  Rydberg,  p.  43.     Add  lit.  Rydberg,  1.  c.  482,  t.  19.     Perhaps  too 

nearly  related  is  the  recently  proposed  A.  Laramiensis,  A.  Nelson,  Wyoming  Exper.  Sta. 

Bull,  xxviii.  78. 

A.  Jonesii,  Parry,  p.  43.  Add  lit.  Gard.  &  For.  ix.  365,  f.  48.  For  "  Maria  Pa.ss,"  read 
( tld  Marias  Pass.  Specimens  with  taller  bibracteate  scape  and  larger  leaflets  yet  probably 
of  tills  species  have  been  collected  on  Sheep  Mt.,  S.  Brit.  America,  by  Afacoiin. 

A.  Caenilea,  James,  p.  44.     The  following  varieties  have  recently  been  proposed. 

Var.  alpina,  A.  Nelson,  1.  c.  Flowers  smaller,  yellow,  with  short  spurs;  upper 
leaflets  entire. — Alpine  region.  Union  Peak,  Wyoming,  Xe/son.  Profes.sor  M.  E.Jones 
suggests  tliat  tliis  may  well  be  a  hybrid  of  .1.  crfriilea  and  A.flavesrens. 

Var.  calcarea,  Jones.  Glandular-pubescent :  leaves  reduced ;  leaflets  small,  thick, 
firm  in  texture,  closely  approximated  or  imbricated  by  3's :  flowers  half  to  two  thirds  as 
large  as  in  tlie  typical  form:  sepals  blue-purple :  petals  ro.seate.  —  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci. 
ser.  2,  V.  619. —  Barren  soil,  Utah,  Kanab,  Mrs.  Thompson,  Cannonville,  Jones.  Well 
marked. 

15.    DELPHINIUM,  Tourn. 

D.  Andersonii,  Gray,  p.  48.     For  "very  glabrous,"  read,  nearly  glabrous. 
In  note  1,  p.  40,  for  "  />.  Blorl-mamr ,"  read,  D.  Blorhmanw. 

D.  recurvatum,  and  D.  Emilise,  Grkene,  p.  51.  From  authenticated  specimens 
(nained,  it  is  .said,  l)y  Professor  Greene  himself)  these  species  seem  referable  to  D.  hes- 
perinin  and  D.  variegatnm  respectively. 


464  SUPPLEMENT. 


MAGNOLIACE^. 

3.    MAGNOLIA,   (Plum.)  L. 

M.  glaiica,  L.,  p.  60,  uote  3.  Accordiug  to  iufornuvtion  furnished  by  J.  W.  Congdon,  the 
Hliode  Ijilaud  specimen  mentioned  was  probably  taken  from  a  cultivated  plant.  The  only 
known  indigenous  occurrence  northeast  of  Long  Island  is  at  Magnolia,  Massachusetts, 
where  the  species  (unfortunately  much  sought  and  frequently  transplanted  for  cultivation) 
is  now  very  rare  in  a  natural  state. 

M.  Umbrella,  Desk.,  p.  60.  Dr.  Small  reports  the  recent  discovery  of  this  species  on 
Stone  Mountain,  N.  Georgia. 

TiS..   acuminata,  L.,  p.  61.     In  the  synonymy,  for  "  J/,  Vir rjini a, "  lend,  M.  Virginiana. 


ANONACEiE. 

2.    ASlMINA,  Adans.     Add  lit.  Nash,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxiii.  234-242. 

A.  triloba,  Dcnal,  p.  63.     Extend  range  to  Kansas,  Hitchcock ;  also  to  New  Jersey  and 
Nebraska,  ace.  to  Small. 
After  -1-  -»-,  the  species  may  be  revised  as  follows  :  — 

A.  speciosa,  Nash,  1.  c.  238.  Shrub  2  to  5  feet  high :  branchlets  and  spatulate-oblong 
leaves  (3  to  6  inches  in  length)  covered  with  dense  pale  or  tawny  tomentum,  which  at 
length  becomes  thin  but  does  not  fully  disappear  even  in  age :  peduncles  4  to  8  lines  long, 
racemose  upon  the  wood  of  the  previous  year:  petals  very  dissimilar,  the  outer  strongly 
accrescent,  ovate-oblong  to  obovate,  becoming  2  inches  in  length,  fully  three  times  as  long 
as  the  inner.  —  ^.  (/randZ/Zora,  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  163,  in  great  part,  not  Dunal.  Uvaria 
obovata,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  45,  in  part.  —  Sandy  soil,  S.  E.  Georgia,  5»(o//,  ace.  to  Nash,  and 
E.  Florida,  Leavenworth,  Canby,  Donnell- Smith,  Curtiss,  Miss  Pierce. 

A.  reticulata,  Chapm.  This  name  published  with  description  by  Chapman,  Fl.  ed.  2,  603 
(1884),  should,  as  it  appears,  be  reinstated  for  the  species  which  Dr.  Gray  later  called 
A.  cuneala,  Shuttl.  (Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  163,  1886).  While  unfortunate  that  the  A.  reticulata, 
"  Shuttl."  of  Chapman  is  not  the  A.  reticulata  of  Shuttl.  in  herb.,  the  latter  was  merely  a 
manuscript  name  until  after  the  former  had  been  duly  described  and  published. 
*  *  Flowers  terminal  or  solitary  in  the  axils  of  extant  subcoriaceous  and  reticulate-veiny 

subse-ssile  leaves,  produced  in  spring  and  early  summer. 
••-  Outer  petals,  at  least  when  young,  ovate,  more  or  less  strongly  dissimilar  to  the  inner. 

A.  grandiflora,  Dunal.  Shrub  3  to  6  feet  high  :  branchlets,  peduncles,  calyx,  and  lower 
surface  of  the  short  and  rather  broad  ovate-oblong  to  obovate  firm  leaves  rufous-pubescent : 
flowers  large,  nearly  sessile  at  the  ends  of  short  branches:  outer  petals  cream-colored, 
becoming  obovate  and  2^  inches  long.  —  Monogr.  Anon.  84,  t.  11  ;  Gray,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  163, 
in  part.  A.  ohnmia,  Nash,  1.  c.  239.  Ano7ia  grandi flora,  Bartr.  Trav.  (Am.  ed.)  t.  2.  An- 
nona  obovata,  Willd.  Spec.  ii.  1269.  Uvaria  ohomta,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  i.  45,  in  part.  From 
their  rufous  pubescence  Orchidocarpum  grandiflorum,  Miciix.  Fl.  i.  330,  and  hence  Porcelia 
grandl flora,  Pers.,  may  have  been  of  this  species  rather  than  of  A.  speciosa,  as  suggested  by 
Nash.  —  Pine  barrens,  Florida,  Palmer,  Nash,  Straub. 

A.  angustifolia,  Gray,  p.  64.  Amply  characterized.  Extends,  ace.  to  Small,  as  far 
north  as  Middle  Georgia. 

A.  pygmsea,  Dinal,  p.  64.  Tn  line  2,  strike  out  "  oblong,"  and  substitute,  oblanceolate. 
In  the  synonymv  .strike  out  references  to  the  now  clearly  distinct  A.  reticulata,  Shuttl.  (not 
Chapm.),  for  which  see  below. 


NVMl'H.EACE.E.  465 

H K-  IVt.iIs  all  oMong,  short,  narrow,  and  very  similar. 

A.  Rugelii,  KdiiiNsox,  11.  s|).  l.,i)\v  undershrub  with  flexuouH  red  ferrugiiie<»u.stoiiieiituIiise 
.sKmu.s;  early  glahrate  reticulate-veiny  cliartaceo-coriaceous  leaves  (iiiili  t<»  im  li  and  a  half 
ill  k'Mi^tli,  half  inili  in  breadth)  tyjiirally  oblong,  rounded  at  the  ape.x,  abru|itly  cuntraitcd 
at  the  siibpetiolato  b;use  :  flowers  very  small,  short-pcdicellfd  :  jjctals  until  their  fall  nut  over 
3  or  4  lines  in  length,  thick,  subsiinilar :  carpeis  only  2  <ir  .'{,  pubescent  when  yuiig ; 
ovules  about  7.  —  .1.  reticulalu,  Sliuttl.  in  distr.  pi.  Uugel,  not  of  Cliapin.,  nor  A.  i>i/'jm<ia,U) 
which  reduced  by  Gray.  —  In  pine  woods,  near  Smyrna,  Florida,  Rut/el,  no.  9,  May,  I84H. 
With  habit  of  A.  pi/giiura,  l)ut  differing  in  its  shorter  typically  oblong  not  cuncatc  leaves, 
smaller  flowers,  and  thick  oblong  petals. 


MENISPERMACE^. 

2.    MENISPfiRMUM,  Tourn. 

M.  Canadense,  !>.,  p-  GG.  Extend  range  west  to  Kansa-s,  Shear,  Hitchcock,  and  Xebra.ska, 
ace.  to  Small. 

BERBERIDACE^E. 

1.  BERBERIS,  p.  66.     In  generic  character  for  "bracts,"  read,  bractlets. 

1.    B]£RBERIS,  Tourn. 

B.   Nevinii,  Gray,  p.  69.     Add.  lit.  Gard.  &  For.  ix.  41.5,  f.  54. 

B.  pinnata,  Lag.,  p.  69.  It  is  probable  that  the  type  of  this  species  was  commnnicated 
rather  than  collected  by  Nee,  whose  voyage  of  exploration  does  not  appear  to  have  ex- 
tcMidcd  t(j  California. 

B.   Aquifolium,  Pursh,  p.  69.     Ranges  eastward  to  Waterton  Lake,  Alberta,  Mncmn. 

B.  repens,  Lindi..,  p.  69.  Extends  eastward  to  Alberta,  Maconn,  and  the  Black  Hills. 
Ri/dberij.  Note  1,  on  p.  70,  should  apjily  not  to  this  species  but  to  B.  A'/uifh/iuni.  I'ursb,  on 
the  preceding  page.  These  species  have  been  the  subject  of  much  misunderstanding  and 
several  contradictory  statements.  It  is  probable  that  both  were  collected  by  Lewis  & 
Clarke,  and  that  both  send  out  procumbent  sarmentose  branches.  I'ursh  descril)es  his 
species  as  having  shining  leaves  and  one  of  Lewis's  specimens,  now  in  herb.  Acail.  Philad., 
shows  this  character.  On  the  other  hand,  Lindley  states  that  B.  rfjiftis  has  leaves  glaucous 
upon  each  side,  so  that  there  seems  no  good  reason  to  change  the  general  interpretation  on 
pages  69  and  70.  To  B.  repens,  as  there  interpreted,  B.  nana,  Greene,  I'ittonia,  iii.  98, 
should  be  added  as  a  synonym. 

B.  nervosa,  Pursh,  p.  70.  Extends  ea.stward  to  Latah  Co.,  Idaho,  Sandberg.  The  time 
of  fruiting  extends  from  May  to  September. 

NYMPH^ACE^. 

4.    NYMPHS  A.  Tourn. 

N.   elegans,  ITook.,  p.  7.5.     In  second  line  of  synonymy,  for  "  must  be  ,V.  ^fe.ricana,  Zncc," 

sulistitiitc.  is  probaldy  N./Iara,  Leitner. 
N.   reniformis,  DC,  p.  76.     Abundant  near  Delaware  City,  Del.,  Commons. 

5.   NtrPHAR,  Smith. 
N.   advena,  Ait.  f.,  p.  77.     Typical  specimens  with  the  medium-sized  flowers  and  yellow 
anthers  of  this  species  have  been  found  at  Stockton,  California,  Je/ison. 

30 


466  SUPPLEMENT. 


SARRACENIACE^. 


2.   DARLINGT6NIA,  To 


rr. 


D.  Californica,  Torr.,  p.  81.  Add.  syn.  Chrysamphora  Californica,  Greene,  Pittonia, 
ii.   I'Jl. 

PAPAVERACE^. 

8.  ARGEMONE,  Tourn.  Add  lit.  Prain,  Jour.  Bot.  xxxiii.  207-200, 
307-312,  325-333,  363-371  ;  Eastwood,  Erythea,  iv.  93-96.  In  the  light  of 
Pram's  admirable  revision,  our  species  may  be  treated  as  follows :  — 

#  Flowers  orange,  yellow,  or  at  least  ochroleucous,  mostly  small  for  the  genus. 

A.  MexicIna,  L.  Moderately  prickly  upon  stem,  sepals,  cap.sules,  as  well  as  margins  and 
midribs  of  otherwise  smooth  and  glaucescent  coarsely  sinuate-pinnatifid  leaves  :  flowers  sub- 
sessile  or  short-peduuded :  petals  obovate,  orange-colored  or  more  commonly  lemon-yellow, 
an  inch  or  less  in  length  :  stigma  sessile.  —  Spec.  i.  508 ;  Prain,  1.  c.  308,  where  coj)ious  synon- 
ymy is  duly  cited.  —  Common  in  waste  places  especially  in  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States. 
(Introd.  from  Mex.,  W.  Ind.,  S.  Am.,  and  extensively  nat.  in  warmer  parts  of  Old 
Worhl.) 

Var.  ochroleuca,  Lindl.  Petals  ochroleucous:  style  evident.  —  Bot.  Eeg.  t.  1343; 
Prain,  1.  c.  310.  .4.  ochroleuca,  Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  iii.  t.  242.  —  Texas,  where  indigenous, 
and  occasional  in  waste  places  in  Middle  Atlantic  States,  where  (like  typical  form)  introd. 
(Mex.) 

*   *  Flowers  white  or  roseate,  mostly  larger, 
-t—  Flowers  more  or  less  peduncled ;  the  bracts  scattered  upon  the  branches. 

A.  alba,  Lestib.  Foliage  much  as  in  the  last  but  less  deeply  sinuate  and  with  more 
numerous  spine-tipped  teeth  :  petals  oblong,  cuneate  at  the  base  :  capsule  armed  with  rather 
numerous  ascending  or  incurved  spines.  — Bot.  Belg.  ed.  2,  iii.  pt.  2,  133;  Prain,  1.  c.  329. 
—  S.  Carolina,  M.  A.  Curtis,  to  Florida,  Buckley,  Nash,  westward  to  Texas,  Drummond,  ace. 
to  Prain.     (A  variety  in  Sandwich  Ids.  and  Polynesia.) 

H-  ^_  Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile,  the  more  or  less  closely  subtending  foliaceous  bracts 
being  grouped  toward  the  ends  of  the  floriferous  branches. 

A.  intermedia,  Sweet.  Stout,  very  glaucous,  moderately  prickly  with  scattered  stramine- 
ous spines,  otherwise  smooth  and  without  any  minute  setulous  hispidity :  leaves  Sonc/i^.s- 
like,  rppand-toothed  to  .sinuate-pinnatifid:  flowers  large:  petals  white  or  roseate:  sepals 
onlv  sparselv  spiny,  and  with  horns  usually  quite  unarmed  and  not  even  hispid  :  valves  of  tlie 
capsule  not  firm  nor  thickened  and  only  moderately  spiny.  —  Hort.  Brit.  ed.  2,  58.5  ;  Prain, 
1.  c.  363,  with  copious  synonymy.  A.  niha,  James  in  Long,  Exp.  Am.  ed.  i.  461  ;  Pobin.son, 
Syn.  Fl.  i.  pt.  1,  88,  iii  part;  "not  Lestib.  A.  platj/ceras,  at  least  in  part,  of  many  Am. 
aiitliors.  —  Kansas  and  Nebraska  to  Idaho,  Miss  Mulford,  and  southward  to  Texas  and 
Mexico. 

Var.  corymbosa,  A.  Eastwood.  Leaves  obovate,  subentire,  or  repand-toothed : 
flowers  somewhat  regularly  corymbous :  petals  small.  —  Erythea,  iv.  96.  A.  corymbosa, 
Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii."  59.  — Mohave  Desert,  Mrs.  Curran. 

A.  plat:^ceras,  Link  &  Otto.  More  den.sely  prickly,  glaucescent :  leaves  sinuate-pinna- 
tifid :  triangular-lanceolate  horns  of  sepals  armed  at  least  dor.sally  with  spines  and  setx  : 
petals  obovate  to  reversed-deltoid  with  truncate  summit:  capsule-valves  of  firm  texture, 
very  densely  appressed-spiny,  at  length  more  or  less  indurated.  —  Ic.  Bar.  i.  85,  t.  43  ;  Prain, 
1.  c.  366,  with  synonymy.  — Texas  to  S.  California.     (Mex.) 

Var.  hispida,  Pkain,  1.  c.  367.  Whole  plant  densely  setulous-hispid  as  well  as  armed 
with  stouter  stramineous  spines :  petals  obovate  with  rounded  summit.  — A.  hispida,  Gray, 


CKICIFKK.E.  4G7 

PI.  Fendl.  5,  in  part.     A.  munila,  Duraud  &  Ililg.  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  Bcr.  2,  iii.  37,  i  I'luif. 
R.  Hep.  V.  5,  t.  1.  —  From  Kansas,  Hilclicock-,  Colorado,  aud  Now  Mexico  to  E.  California. 

14.  ESCHSCHOLTZIA,  (Ikiiii.  Although  the  treatment  of  tilis  genus 
on  {Kiges  'JU-'J2  is  essentially  un.sati,-,ta(lury,  and  material  at  hand  shows  that 
several  of  the  species  rest  upon  untrustworthy  characters,  yet  no  successful  revis- 
ion can  be  made  without  prolonged  field  study.  Unfortunately,  nearly  all  the 
more  recent  species  have  been  made  without  any  recognition  of  the  inhirent 
variability  of  the  plants  in  question,  or,  what  is  still  more  delusive,  the  changes 
which  individuals  undergo  as  the  season  progresses.  It  is  allirmed  by  the  more 
cautious  California  botanists,  who  have  tiiken  no  part  in  the  discussions  relative 
to  this  genus,  that  plants  which  early  in  the  season  bear  large  aud  deeply  colored 
flowers  are  apt  later  to  produce  small  and  paler  ones.  Size  and  color  of  the 
flowers  are,  therefore,  not  to  be  lightly  used  as  specific  distinctions.  It  is  to  be 
feared,  also,  that  undue  importance  has  been  ascribed  to  the  dilated  rim  of  the 
torus,  which  in  some  cases  is  variable  in  otherwise  similar  plants. 


FUMARIACEiE. 

2.    DICifiNTRA,  Borkh.,  Bernh. 
D.  pauciflora,  Watson,  p.  94.     Add  syn.  Capnorchis  paucijiora,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  279. 
D.  Canadensis,  DC,  p.  94.     Extend  range  westward  to  Nebraska,  ace.  to  Webber. 

In  note  1,  ]).  94,  strike  out  "&  Capnodes,"  also  "280." 
D.  OChroleUCa,  Engelm.,  p.  96.     Add  syn.  Capnorchis  ochroleuca,  Greene,  1.  c. 

3.    COR^DALIS,  Vent. 

C.  Caseana,  Gray,  p.  96.     Add  syn.  Capnodes  Caseanum,  &  C.  Bidwellianum,  Greene,  1.  c. 
280. 

CRUCIFER^. 

1.    DRAB  A,  Dill. 
§  3.    Drabella,  DC,  p.  106.     In  key  under  *,  after  ''southern,"  insert,  ex- 
cept the  first  species. 

D.  crassifolia,  Gkaham,  p.  108.     Add  locality,  La  Plata  Mines,  Wyoming,  Nelson. 

D.  nivalis,  var.   elongata,  Watson,  p.  109.     For  "Upper  Maria's  Pass,"  read,  old 

Marias  I'ass. 
D.  aureola,  Watson,  p.  110.     Add  locality,  Mt.  Rainier,  Washington,  at  10,000  feet.  Piper 

&  Smith. 
D.  COrrugata,  Watson,  p.  110.     Add  locality,  Mt.  San  Jacinto,  California,  at  11,0(X)  feet, 

Ikividsan. 
D.  incana,  var.   ardbisans,   Watson,  p.   ill.      Southward  to  Moosehcid  Lake,   Mt. 

Kineo,  Maine,  Koimdi/,  and  in  Vermont  to  Mt.  Eolus,  Dorset,  ^frs.   Terry. 
D.    Breweri,    Watson,  p.   111.     Add   locality,   Mt.   Warren,  Tuolumne  Co.,  California, 

Congdon. 


468  SUPPLEMENT. 

D.  borealis,  DC,  p.  ill.  lu  line  2  of  descr.,  after  "oblong-ovate,"  insert:  flowers  usually- 
large  ;  pods  broad,  ovate  to  oblong-ovate. 

3.    THYSANOCARPUS,  Hook.     Of  this  genus  three  species  have  been 
recently  {)roi)u.scd  as  new  by  Professor  Greene,  Pittonia,  iii.  86,  87. 
T.  laciniatus,  Nutt.,  p.  lU.     In  line  5  of  descr.,  for  "4  to  8  lines,"  read,  4  to  8  iuches. 

4.   BERTEROA,  DC. 

B.  INCAXA,  DC  p.  114.  Add  syn.  Fametia  imynut  [K.  Br.  in]  Ait.  f.  Kew.  ed.  2,  iv.  97. 
Extend  range  to  Connecticut,  where  coll.  at  E.  Wind.sor  by  C  //.  Bisse/l.  This  species  has 
miuutely  stellate-canesceut  elliptic-oblong  capsules  3  to  5  lines  in  length,  while  in  B.  viuta- 
bilis  the  fruit  is  broader,  oval,  and  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

8.   PHYSARIA,  Gray. 
P.  didymocarpa,  Gray,  p.  121.     Eastward  to  Nebraska,  Rijdherg,  ace.  to  Webber. 
P.  Newberryi,   Gray,  p.  121.     Add  syn.  P.  did,/mocarpa,  var.  Newberryi,  Jones,  Proc. 
Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  v.  624,  at  least  as  to  syn.  cited. 

13.    LEPlDIUM,  Tourn. 

L.  Menziesii,  DC,  p.  127.     Add  locality.  Waterman  Hot  Spring,  near  San  Bernardino, 

California,  Parish. 

L.  mediiun,  Greene,  p.  127.  This  species  appears  to  be  introduced  in  the  neighborhood 
of  New  York  City,  where  detected  by  E.  P.  Bicknell.  After  the  description  of  var. 
pubescens,  Robinson,  insert, 

=  =  Petals  obsolete  or  none. 

L.  Strictum,  Rattan,  p.  129.  Extend  range  northward  to  Victoria,  Brit.  Columbia, 
Macoun. 

15.   SUBULARIA,  L. 

S.  aquatica,  L.,  p.  1.30.  Add  localities,  Mt.  Desert  Isl.,  Maine,  Faxon  &  Rand,  Marlboro, 
Vermont,  Grout  &  Eggleston,  Whatcom  Lake,  Washington,  Sulcsdorf. 

17.    CAMl&LINA,  Crantz.     After  a  sa^u-a,  add, 

C.  STLvtsTRis,  Wallr.  More  slender:  inflorescences  more  elongated  but  pedicels  mo.stly 
shorter:  fruit  smaller,  less  turgid,  more  decidedly  margined.  —  Sched.  Crit.  347.  C.  micro- 
carpa,  Andrz.  in  DC.  Syst.  ii.  517.  —  Less  frequent,  yet  widely  introduced,  Rhode  Lsland, 
J.  F.  Collins,  Kansas,  Norton,  Washington  State,  Sulcsdorf.  Perhaps  only  a  variety  of 
C.  sativa. 

20.   RAPHANUS,  L. 

R.  RAPHANfsTRUM,  L.,  p.  132.  Strike  out,  "the  more  or  less  ribbed  or  corrugated  segments," 
and  substitute,  segments  in  dried  specimens  more  or  less  ribbed  or  corrugated. 

21.    BRASSICA,  Tourn.     Add  lit.  Robinson,  Bot.  Gaz.  xxii.  252,  253. 

B.  SiNApfsTRCM,  Boiss.,  p.  133.  From  the  descr.  strike  out,  "The  form  which  is  naturalized 
in  America  has  glabrous  pods,  while  in  the  Old  World  they  are  quite  as  often  hispid."  To 
tlie  descr.  add  :  —  stem  not  glaucous :  upper  leaves  rhombic-ovate,  rather  abruptly  contracted 
at  the  base :  fruiting  pedicels  short  and  tliick,  2  or  3  lines  long,  often  hispid  :  fruit  usually 
glabrous,  more  rarely  In'spid;  beak  decidedly  ancipital,  commonly  containing  a  single  seed 
in  an  indehiscent  cell. 


CUUCIKKILE.  4G'J 

B.  JtJNCEA,  Coss.,  p.  134.  Taller  than  the  preceding,  decidedly  glaucous :  upper  leaven  ol>- 
loug,  cuneate  at  tiie  base :  fruiting  ptilicLls  Hlender,  3  to  5  lint-rt  in  kngih  :  fruit  with 
slender  tuuiial  seedless  beak.  —  Alreaily  widely  introduced,  Nviili  and  ea«tsv:ird  even  more 
common  than  tiie  preceding.  ..Several  nearly  related  and  .somewhat  inconsUnt  fonm*  with 
more  cleft  or  even  cri.-iped  foliage  liave  been  noted  at  various  points  in  the  KasU-TU  SUleH 
from  Maine  (Bir/cufll,  Miss  Furbish)  soutiiward.  and  prol)ably  represent  e»ca|>ed  and  de- 
generated states  of  a  cultivated  salad  plant,  doubtfully  identifiable  with  li.  Vu/miira,  Siebold. 
(See  Bailey,  Coruell  Univ.  Agric.  Kxper.  Sta.  Hull.  07,  lt*4.) 

All  reference  to  B.  adpressa,  Hoiss.,  j).  i;34,  sliould  bo  struck  out,  the  Sau  Beruardino 
l)lant,  referred  to  tliis  species,  having  proved  to  be  immature  .■Sisymbrium  uJJiciuaU,  Scop. 

23.    CONRlNGIA,  Heist. 

C.  I'KRFOLiiTA,  Link,  p.  134.     Add  locality,  Farmiiiglon,  Maine,  C.  //.  KwjwUon. 

26.    SMELOWSKIA,  C.  A.  Meyer. 

S.  calycina,  C.  A.  Mevek,  p.  136.  From  de.scr.  of  fruit  strike  out  parenthetical  expres- 
sion, and  after  descr.  add 

S.  OValis,  Jones.  With  habit  of  the  preceding  Ijut  mostly  lower  in  stature  an.l  more 
dcn.-iely  cinereous-pube.scent :  capsule  short,  ovate,  al)ruiit  or  even  subcor.late  at  the  base. — 
I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  v.  624.  —  Higher  peaks  of  the  Cascade  Mts.,  from  Mt.  Uai- 
nier,  Alltn,  to  Lassen's  I'eak,  California,  Lemi 


imon. 


27.    SISYMBRIUM,  Tourn. 

S.  Ai-rfssiMUM,  L.,  p.  137.  Alrea<ly  a  common  weed  of  waste  and  cultivated  ground,  espe- 
cially in  the  Northern  States  and  Southern  Brit.  America. 

S.  linifolium,  Nutt.,  p.  138.  Add  syn.  Erysimum  lini/olium,  Jones,  1.  c.  622,  &  Schnno- 
cniinhe  linifolia,  Greeue,  Pittouia,  iii.  127. 

S.  virgatum,  Nl-tt.,  p.  138.     Add  syn.  Stenophragma  virgatum,  Greene,  Pittonia.  iii.  138. 

S.  S6PHIA,  L.,  p.  139.  In  line  1  of  descr.  strike  out  "of  tlie  preceding,"  and  substitute,  of 
S.  canescens. 

S.  incisum,  Knuelm.,  p.  139. 

Var.  Hartwegianum,  Watson.     Extend  range  eastward  to  Minncs(na,  where  coll. 
by  ('.  li.  Tnylnr. 

Var.  Sonnei,  Robinson,  p.  140.     Add  .syn.  Sophia  Sonnei,  Greeue,  1.  c.  95. 

29.   TROPIDOCARPUM,  Hook.    Add.  lit.  Greene,  Proc.  Acad.  Pliilad. 
1895,  051-554;  Robinson,  Erythea,  iv.  109-119,  t.  3. 

30.    GREGGIA,  Gray. 

G.  camporum,  var.  angustifolia,  Coulter,  p.  142.  Add  .syn.  C.  camporum,  var. 
linearifolia,  Jones,  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ser.  2,  v.  625. 

32.  ER"^SIMUM,  Tourn.  ]\[ost  of  tlie  American  species  of  this  <;«'nu.s 
liave  recently  been  enumerated  (with  much  sulxli vision)  by  Professor  Greene, 
Pittonia,  iii.  128-138,  under  Cheirantfius.  For  the  considerable  synonymy,  cre- 
ated by  this  (to  most  botanists  wholly  unwarranted)  change,  reference  may  be 
had  to  the  paper  cited  above. 
E.  parviflorum,  Nutt.,  p.  143.     Add  syn.  E.  tis})erum,  var.  jtarnjjorum,  Jones.  1.  o.  622, 

and  extend  range  eaiitward  to  Keweenaw  Peninsula,  N.  Michigan,  ou  authority  of  Wlieeler. 


470  SUPPLEMENT. 

34.    NASTtJRTIUM,  L.,  R.  Br. 

N.  lacustre,  Gray,  p.  146.     Add  syu.  Neobeckia  aquatica,  Greene,  I'ittonia,  iii.  95. 
N.  SYLVESTRE,  K.  Br.,  p.  147.     Becoming  frequent  in  various  parts  of  New  England. 
N.  Sinuatum,  Nl  it.,  p.  147.     Add  syn.  Roripa  trachycarpa,  Greene,  1.  c.  96. 
N.  CUrvisiliqua,  Nutt.,  p.  148.     Add  syn.  Roripa  occidental  is,  Greene,  1.  c.  97. 
N.  obtusum,  var.  sphaerocarpum,  Watson,  p.  148.    Strike  out' "  n.  var.,"  and  as 
reference  add,  Wats,  in  Allen,  List  PI.  Gray's  Man.  123  (1893). 

N.  tanacetifolium,  Hook.  &  Arn.,  p.  148.    Add  syn.  Roripa  Walteri,  Mohr,  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  xxiv.  23. 

N.  sessiliflormn,  Nutt.,  p.  149.     Add  locality,  Iowa  City,  Iowa,  Hitchcock. 

42.    DENTARIA,  Tourn.     Add  lit.  Greene,  Pittonia,  iii.  117-124,  where 
species  of  this  gcims  and  Cardamine  are  redistributed. 
D.  cardiophylla,  Robinson,  p.  155.    Strike  out  last  sentence. 

43.    CARDAMINE,  Tourn. 

C.  rhomboidea,  DC,  p.  156.     In  range,  for  "common  in,"  substitute,  common  from   E. 
New  England  to. 

44.   ARABIS,  L. 

A.  filifolia,  Greene,  p.  159.     Add  syn.  Sibara  JiUfolia,  Greene,  Pittonia,  iii.  11. 

A.  hirsuta,  Scop.,  p.  162.     A  rare  and  exceptional  form  from  Sunderland,  Massachusetts, 

coll.  Churchill  &  Deane,  has  spreading  capsules. 
A.  Holbdellii,  IIornem.,  p.  164.     Eastward  to  Thunder  Bay,  Michigan,  Wheeler. 
A.  SUflrutescens,  Watson,  p.  166.     Southward  to  Truckee,  California,  Sonne. 
A.  Ho-wellii,  Watson,  p.  167.     Add  locality,  Mariposa  Co.,  California,  Congdon. 
A.  piilchra,  Jones,  p.  167.     Eastward  to  Grand  Junction,  Colorado,  Miss  Eastwood. 

45.  STREPTANTHUS,  Nutt.  The  treatment  of  this  genus  on  pages 
167-171,  lacking  the  last  touches  of  its  author,  contains  several  serious  errors  in 
the  arrangement  and  keys,  due  in  considerable  part  to  imperfect  editing.  In  the 
light  of  much  more  copious  material  now  at  hand,  the  following  rearrangement 
may  be  offered  as  a  substitute. 

§  1.  EustreptXnthus,  Gray.  Flowers  large:  petals  with  broad  blades; 
filaments  distinct :  pods  erect  or  ascending :  glabrous  annuals :  species  of  the 
interior. 

*  Pedicels  conspicuously  bracteate  :  pods  narrow. 
S.  bracteatus,  Gray,  p.  les. 

*  *  Floral  bracts  minute  or  none. 
S.  maculatus,  Nutt.,  p.  168. 
S.  platy carpus,  Gray,  p.  168. 

§  2.  EuCLisiA,  Nutt.  Petals  narrow  (the  blade  scarcely  broader  than  the 
claw),  usually  undulate-crisped. 

*  Filaments  all  free  to  the  base, 
•t—  Stem  and  leaves  (sometimes  ciliate  on  the  margin  but  otherwise)  glabrous  and  often 
glaucous. 


CRUCIFEILE.  471 

++  Flowers  rather  large  :  sepals  3  to  6  lines  in  length  :  plant  stoat. 

=  Stem  leaves  sessile  by  cordate-  or  auriculate-clasping  liiises. 

a.   Capsules  broad,  erect  or  nearly  so  ;  seeds  broadly  winged. 

1.   Leaves  (at  least  the  lower)  runciuate-piuuatifid  :  Southern. 

S.  carinatus,  Wukjht,  p.  ig9. 

2.   Leaves  entire  or  merely  dentate. 
S.  Arizonicus,  Watson,  p.  169. 
S.  cordatus,  Nutt.,  p.  169. 

b.   Pods  much  narrower,  J  to  Ij  lines  in  breadth;  seeds  slightly  wing-margined  or  wingless  : 
leaves  cordate-clasping. 

S.  campestris,  Wat.son,  p.  169.     Upper  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acute. 
S.  barbatus,  Watson,  p.  169.     Upper  leaves  elliptical,  oval,  or  suborbicular,  obtuse.  —  To 
tliis  species  is  doubtfully  referred  a  specimen  from  Sliasta  Co.,  Calif(jrnia,  coll.  Whitmore. 
=  =  Stem  leaves  cuneate  to  petiolate  e.xauriculate  bases :  capsules  narrow,  erect  or  nearly 
so :  species  of  Oregon. 
S.  Howellii,  Watson,  p.  170. 

++  ++  Flowers  smaller:  sepals  li  to  2i  lines  long:  plants  more  slender:  capsules  narrow, 
mostly  reflexed  or  ]jendulous  at  maturity. 

=  Floral  leaves  elliptical  or  ovate,  deeply  cordate  and  ample.\icaul. 
S.  Lemmoni,  Watson,  p.  169. 
S.  diversifolius,  Watson,  p.  168. 

=  ==  Loaves  all  oblong  to  linear,  narrowed  and  not  auricled  at  the  base  :  annual. 
S.  longirostris,  Watson,  p.  170. 

-)—  -t—  Stem  and  leaves  hirsute-pubescent :  annual  with  narrow  refle.\ed  pods. 
S.  heterophyilus,  Nutt.,  p.  169. 

*   *    Filaments  of  one  or  both  pairs  of  longer  stamens  connate  (except  in  S.  torlnosus,  S. 
07-bicul(itiis,  &  S.  suffrutescens,  where  sometimes  all  distinct) :  capsules  rather  narrow : 
flowers  often  more  or  less  zygomorphous :  upper  pair  of  anthers  fre(iuently  reduced  or 
sterile. 
-4—  Sepals  subequal:  flowers  dark  purple  or  ^^olet.  all  four  longer  filaments  connate  in 
pairs :  leaves  linear-oblong,  cuneate  or  subample.xicaul  at  the  base :  slender  erect  annual 
of  Texas  and  Indian  Territory. 
S.  hyacinthoides,  Hook.,  p.  170.     Stem  either  quite  glabrous  or  more  often  hispid-pubes- 
cent near  the  base. 

-t—  -»—  Sepals  of  the  outer  pair  similar  to  each  other,  often  more  or  less  strongly  saccate  or 
carinate,  yet  not  very  dissimilar  to  the  inner  pair :  species  of  the  Pacific  Slope. 
=  Stem  and  foliage  more  or  less  hispid-pubescent  or  hirsute. 
a.   Calyx  quite  glabrous,  rather  broad  and  saccate :  leaves  lanceolate  to  narrowly  oblong, 
more  or  less  sagittate-auriculate  at  the  base. 
S.  glandulosus,  Hook.,  p.  171.     A  common  and  .><omewhat  variable  species  (ranging  from 
the  San  Hernardino  Mts.,   W.  G.  Wright,  northward  to  S.  Oregon),  of  which  the  following 
are  certainly  only  forms:  S.  perannrniis,  Greene,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii.   142;    >'.  nlbiilus, 
Greene,  Pittonia,  i.  62  ;  and  S.  Diolettil,  Greene,  1.  c.  ii.  225.     The  following,  not  seen  by  the 
writer,  would  also  seem  to  be  nearly  related  :  S.  Mii.prkd.k,  Greene,  Fl.  Francis.  260,  differ- 
ing chiefly,  as   to   described   character,  in  its  smaller  very  dark-coli)red    flowers;    and  S. 
VERsfcoLOR,  Greene,  P>ythea,  iii.  99,  with  flowers  .said  to  be  more  irregular  tliaii  in  the 
related  forms,  the  petals  "  white,  changing  to  lilac-purple,  very  une(iual." 
6.   C.ilyx  narrower:  sepals  hispid-ciliate  upon  the  midnerve :  leaves  lanceolate  or  oldting. 
acute,  coarsely  toothed,  sagittate-auriculate  at  the  base. 


472  SUPPLEMENT. 

S.  secundus,  Greene,  p.  171.     Add  localities,  Marin  Co.,  California,  Conr/don,  Miss  East- 
wood, and   Mendocino  Co.,  Miss  Eastwood.     The  type  is  pale-Howered,  but  5.  pulchellits, 
Greene,  I'ittonia,  ii.  225,  scarcely  differs  except  in  its  more  deeply  colored  Howers. 
c.    Calyx  narrow :  sepals  hirsute :  leaves  obovate,  coarsely  toothed  at  the  rounded  summit, 
cuneate  to  a  narrow  slightly  auriculate  base. 
S.  hispidus,  Gkay,  p.  in.     Add  locality,  Fresno  Co.,  California,  Brandeyee,  Miss  Eastwood. 
=  =  Stem  and  foliage  glabrous. 

a.  Upper  cauline  and  floral  leaves  lance-linear  to  oblong-linear,  acute  or  attenuate  at  tlie 
apex,  cordate  or  auriculate  at  the  base. 

1.  Flowers  (very  dark  purple  or  almost  black)  on  long  slender  pedicels  (lialf  inch  in 
length). 

S.  niger,  Greene,  p.  170. 

2.    Flowers  subsessile :  leaves  all  narrow,  linear. 

S.  barbiger,  Greene,  p.  170.     Seeds  often,  perhaps  always,  wingless. 

3.  Flowers  very  short-pedicelled :  middle  cauline  leaves  large,  broad,  ovate,  amplexicaul, 
obtuse ;  upper  narrow  and  acute. 

S.  Breweri,  Gray,  p.  170.  Add  localities.  Snow  Mt.,  Lake  Co.,  California,  Mrs.  Brandegee, 
and  Mt.  llepsidom,  San  Benito  Co.,  Miss  Eastwood. 

b.  Upper  cauline  and  floral  leaves  acutish,  elliptic-oval  or  elliptic-lanceolate:  cordate- 
clasping  at  the  base. 

S.  hesperidis,  Jepson.  Low  slender  tortuous-branched  annual:  lower  leaves  unknown; 
the  upper  entire  or  sparingly  toothed,  acutely  narrowed  to  a  rounded  cartilaginous-thick- 
ened tip  at  the  apex :  flowers  small  and  rather  numerous,  subsessile  in  slender  flexuous 
terminal  racemes  :  calyx  green,  flask-shaped  :  narrow  apparently  white  petals  exserted  and 
recurved  :  posterior  pair  of  longer  filaments  connate  nearly  to  the  summit,  elongated,  much 
exserted  and  conspicuously  recurved,  purple  :  capsules  narrow,  ascending  or  falcate-spread- 
ing, 2  inches  in  length;  seeds  scarcely  or  not  at  all  winged. — Erythea,  i.  14.  Bv  error 
accredited  to  Bioletti  on  page  170  of  present  work.  —  Knoxville  Grade  to  Lower  Lake  in 
region  of  Clear  Lake,  California,  Jepson,  July,  1892.  Near  S.  Breweri  and  S.  tortuosus,  but 
probably  distinct. 

c.  Upper  cauline  and  floral  leaves  oval  to  orbicular,  not  at  all  narrowed  to  the  verv  obtuse 
or  rounded  and  abruptly  apiculate  apex,  deeply  cordate-clasping  at  the  base :  filaments 
apparently  variable,  one  pair  said  to  be  connate,  yet  in  most  flowers  examined  all  distinct. 

1.  Flowers  small:  sepals  with  tips  erect  or  slightly  recurved,  obtuse  or  acutish  but  not 
caudate-attenuate. 

S.  Orbiculatus,  Greene.  Low  profusely  branched  annual  with  short  ascending  axis  only 
2  or  .3  inches  long,  much  surpassed  by  the  slender  ascending  branches :  leaves  rather  small ; 
the  lower  spatulate-oblong,  obtuse,  subentire  or  undulate-margined  :  the  up])er  suborbicular, 
usually  rounded  and  not  apiculate  at  the  apex  :  pods  falcate-recurved  ;  valves  thin  and  toru- 
lose.  — Fl.  Francis.  258.  —  Near  Carson  City,  Nevada,  Anderson,  and  in  the  Sierras  of  Cali- 
fornia from  Sta.  Lucia  Mts.,  Miss  Eastwood,  and  Mono  Co.,  Coville  &  Funston,  to  Shasta, 
Brewer.  A  species  of  highly  characteristic  habit  in  well  developed  individuals,  yet  without 
very  strong  technical  characters. 

S.  SUJBfrutescens,  Greene.  Biennial  or  perhaps  perennial,  lignescent  at  the  base,  the 
stout  sparingly  branched  leafy  axis  becoming  a  foot  or  more  in  height :  leaves  much  larger 
tlian  in  the  last,  those  of  the  stem  2  or  3  inches  long :  sepals  erect  or  slightly  reflexed  : 
flowers  and  fruit  essentially  as  in  the  last  preceding  species.  —  Erythea,  i.  147,  &'Man.  Bay- 
Reg.  16.  —  Hood's  Peak,  Sonoma  Co.,  California,  Bioletti.  In  habit  very  different  from 
S.  orbiculatus,  yet  perhaps  only  a  more  robust  and  enduring  form  of  it. 

2.   Flowers  larger :  sepals  caudate-attenuate,  the  tips  conspicuously  reflexed. 

S.  tortuosus,  Kellogg.  Erect  sparingly  branched  annual,  1  to  3  feet  high  :  lower  leaves 
obovate  spatulate,  undulate-toothed ;  the  upper  suborbicular,  but  mostly  with  a  short  abrupt 


CAi'i'ArviDACK.i:.  473 

apiculation :  burls  ven.'  acute  :  pods  recurveil-spreadiiig,  2  to  6  inches  in  length,  longer  aixl 
seeiniiigly  of  firmer  texture  tliau  in  tlie  two  foregoing  Mpecies.  —  I'roc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  ii. 
152,  t.  46.  —  Sierras  of  E.  Central  Calif(jrnia  from  the  Yoseinite  to  rhiin:i.s  County. 
^—   ^—   -t—   Sepals  of  the  outer  pair  llal«ilif"rMi-orl)icular,  dilated,  light  yellow  an<i  |>etaloid, 
very  uiie(iual  and  much  larger  tliau  the  oblong  sepals  of  the  inner  pair :  one  pair  of  longer 
lil:um-Mts  connate. 
S.  polygaloides,  (jKay,  p.  I71.     Extend  range  to  Calaveras  Co.,  Dacij. 

47.  CAULANTHUS,  -SVatson. 

C.  pilosus,  Watsov,  p.  173.     Strike  out  last  sentence,  wliich  relates  to  po<jr  anil  unu.-ually 
hispid  specimens  of  Sisijmbrium  altissimitin,  L. 

48.  THELYPODIUM,   En.ll. 

T.  Ho"Wellii,  Watson,  p.  174.     Add  syn.  Slreiitanl/uts  Hotnllii,  Jones,  Proc.  Calif.  Aca<l. 

Sci.  sir.  2,  V.  623,  not  Wats.     The  fruit  appears  to  be  distinctly  tiiat  <jf  a  'riiili//>oiliiiiii,  and 

the  type  seems  very  remote  from  Slrejitant/ms  cordatus  to  which  it  is  compared  by  l'rofe.>*«or 

Jones. 
T.  (0  salsugineum,  Ronixsox,  p.  175.     Add  locality,  Mocse  Jaw,  A.'^siniboia,  Mucmn. 
T.  lasioph^llum,  var.  rigidum,  RoniNSoy,  p.  177.     In  line  3,  for  "  by  Maij  at  Elmira, 

Calif.,  1883,"  read,  by  Mrs.  Cumin  at  Elmira,  Calif.,  May,  1883. 

50.  WAREA,  Nutt.  Add  lit.  Nash,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxiii.  101  ;  S.null, 
ibid.  408,  409.  As  Dr.  Small  has  pointed  out,  it  is  quite  clear  Ironi  the  material 
now  at  hand  that  in  describing  W.  amplexifolia,  Nuttall  (Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  vii. 
83,  t.  10)  combined  two  distinct  plants. 

The  species  of  the  genus  may  be  revised  thus  :  — 
W.  cuneifolia,  Nutt.,  p.  180.    Amply  characterized. 

"W.  sessilifolia,  Nasu.  Leaves  rather  small,  6  to  10  lines  long,  half  as  broad,  ovate,  ses- 
sile bv  a  rounded  e.Kauriculate  base  :  flowers  deep  purple.  —  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  x.xiv.  101. 
W.  amplexifolia,  Nutt.  1.  c.  as  to  descr.  in  great  part  and  ;is  to  plant  from  W.  Floriila  fig- 
ured. —  Sandy  soil,  W.  Florida,  Ware,  Nash.  The  name  is  not  distinctive,  as  all  the  known 
species  have  leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so. 
W.  amplexifolia,  Nutt.  Leaves  larger,  becoming  an  inch  or  two  long,  and  half  a.s 
broad,  elliptic-ovate,  deeply  cordate  and  auriculate-amplexicaul  :  flowers  white  or  p.ale 
purple.  —  Nutt.  1.  c,  in  ])art,  namely,  as  to  syn.  Stanlei/a  ?  amplexifolia  ;  Small,  1.  c,  but 
Nutt.  should  stand  as  authority.  It  is  quite  evident  iioth  from  his  synonymy  and  in  his 
descr.  (in  which  occurs  "  leaves  sessile  and  amplexicaule  ")  that  he  had  both  plants  in  mind 
when  he  described  W.  amplexifolia,  and  if  one  of  these  plants  is  removed  as  W.  sessilifolia, 
the  other  mu.«t  stand  for  Nuttall's  species.  —  Sandy  soil,  E.  Floriila,  St.  Augustine.  Miss 
Reynolds,  Tavaris,  Lake  Co.,  Webber,  ace.  to  N.ash. 


CAPPARIDACILE. 

2.  cristat:£lla,  Xutt. 

C.  Jam^sii,  Toru.  &  Gray,  p.  182.     Extend  range  to  Nebraska,  .ace.  to  Rydberg. 

4.  cle6me.  l. 

C.  integrifolia,  Toim.  &  Gray,  p.  1S3.  Ill  first  lino  of  descr.  for  "  2  or  3  feet  high."  read, 
2  to  6  feet  high.  And  to  range  add,  occasional  in  California,  as  at  San  Emidio  Canon, 
Kern  Co.,  Tevis,  ace.  to  Miss  Eastwood. 


474  SUPPLEMENT. 

RESEDACE^. 

1.  RES:&DA,  Tourn. 

R.  LUTE  A,  L.,  p.  188.  For  Amer.  distrib.  substitute,  Locally  established  in  fields,  &c.,  chiefly 
in  Atlantic  States,  but  said  to  extend  westward  as  far  as  Michigan. 

CISTACE^. 

In  the  second  line  of  the  generic  key  strike  out  the  word  "  nerviform." 

1.    HELIANTHEMUM,  Tourn.     In  the  generic  character,  for  "strictly 
parietal,"  read,  parietal  or  septiform. 

H.  Canadense,  Micnx.,  p.  190.  Common  in  E.  Massachusetts  and  extending  northeast- 
ward to  York  Co.,  Maine,  Fernald. 

H.  arenicola,  Chapm.,  p.  190.  The  Mississippi  occurrence  appertains  to  the  following 
species. 

H.  Nashi,  Brixton,  p.  190.  This  species  on  furtlier  investigation  proves  to  have  heteromor- 
plious  flowers  and  should  therefore  be  placed  in  the  preceding  division  of  the  genus.  Many 
of  its  cleistogamous  flowers  have  2-valved  apparently  bicarpellary  fruits. 

2.  HUDS6NIA,  L. 

H.  montana,  Nutt.,  p.  191.     In  line  4,  for  "  Table  Mountain,"  read,  Table  Rock. 

3.  LifiCHEA,  Kalm. 

L.  intermedia,  Leggett,  p.  193.  A  dubious  form,  somewhat  intermediate  between  this 
species  and  L.  stricfa,  and  mentioned  under  the  latter  (on  p.  193)  as  occurring  in  Maine,  is 
also  found  in  the  White  Mountains.  It  is  the  recently  proposed  L.  juniperina,  Bicknell, 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xxiv.  88,  but  lacks  satisfactory  characters. 


VIOLACEiE. 

1.  VlOLA,  Tourn.  For  recent  literature,  see  Greene,  Pittonia,  iii.  33-42, 
87,  139-145  ;  Pollard,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  x.  85-92,  &  Bot.  Gaz.  xxiii.  53  ; 
Holzinger,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  iii.  214;  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club.  xxiv. 
92.  It  may  be  noted  that  nearly  all  the  recently  proposed  or  reinstated  species 
represent  plants  familiar  to  Dr.  Gray  at  the  time  of  his  revision,  and  that  their 
altered  presentation  is  largely  due  to  differing  views  as  to  the  taxonomic  value  or 
scope  of  the  term  species. 

V.  pedatifida,  Don,  p.  196.  Extends  eastward  to  Marblehead  Isl.  in  Lake  Erie,  near  San- 
dusky, Ohio,  A'.  L.  Moseley. 

V.  Langsdorfii,  Fischer,  by  error  Langsdorffii,  p.  197.  In  references,  after  Bull. 
Soc.  Nat.  Mosc,  strike  out  "  xxxv.  240,"  and  substitute,  xxxiv.  pt.  2,  485. 

V.  Selkirkii,  Pursh,  p.  197.  In  references,  after  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc,  strike  out  "  xxxv. 
227,"  and  substitute,  xxxiv.  pt.  2,  472. 


vioi.ACiLE.  475 

V.  lanceolata,  L.,  p.  198.     Add  locality,  Centr.  Minnesota,  W.  [>.  Frost. 

V.  glabella,  Nitt.,  p.  201.     In  references,  after  JJuU.  Soe.  Nat.  .M.j«c.,  Htrike  out  "  xxxv. 
253,"  and  substitute,  xxxiv.  pt.  2,  498. 

V.  canina,  var.  Muhlenbergii,  Tkaitv.,  p.  20.3.     in  references,  after  Bull.  Soc.  Nat 
Mosc,  strike  out  "  xxxv.  245,"  and  substitute,  xxxiv.  pt.  2,  4'JO. 

3.    lONlDIUM,  Vent. 
I.  polygalaefolium,  Vent.,  p.  205.     Add  locality,  liiley  Co.,  Kansas,  Norton. 


INDEX. 


Names  of  orders  are  in  CAPITALS;  of  suborders,  tribes,  &c.,  in  small  capitals;  of 
admitted  genera  and  species,  in  ordinary  Roman  type ;  of  synonyms,  aa  also  of  subgenera, 

sections,  and  all  species  merely  referred  to,  in  /tallr  type. 


Abelmoschus,  333,  336. 
Abutileir,  296. 
Abutilon,  296,  326. 
AbutiUm,  319. 

Abiililon,  327. 

aurantiacum,  328. 

Avirenmp,  327. 

Berlanilieri,  328. 

crispum,  330. 

crijspiim,  330. 

erosum,  326. 

graveulens,  327. 

hirltim,  327. 

ho/osericeuni,  326. 

Hulseanum,  327. 

hypoleucum,  327. 

incanum,  329. 

Indicum,  327. 

Indicum,  327. 

Jacquini,  327. 

Jacquiui,  328. 

Lemmoni,  328. 

liynosnm,  327. 

malacum,  329. 

Neallei/i,  326. 

Newberri/i,  318. 

Nulta/lii,  329. 

Palmeri,  328. 

Parishii,  328. 

parvulum,  329. 

peduuculare,  327. 

peraXfine,  328. 

permolle,  328. 

reventum,  329. 

SonorJE,  329. 

Sonom,  329. 

Teiense,  329. 

Theophrasti,  327. 

Thurberi,  329. 

trichodiim,  330. 

unibellatiim,  330. 

ve/utinum,  326. 

Wrigiitii,  328. 
Acer,  432,  43.5. 

barbntum,  439,  440. 

Cnli/oniicum,  440,  441. 

Canadense,  436. 


Carolinianum,  437. 
circinatum,  437. 
cocci  lieu  in,  437. 
dasi/carpum,  438. 
Douylusii,  436. 
Drummondii,  437. 
eriociirpum,  438. 
Floridanum,  439. 
Floridanum,  440. 
fraxinifolimn,  440. 
glabrum,  436. 
(jlititcHin,  437. 
grandidentatum,  440. 
(/raiididi'iitdfitm,  439. 
lafiniatnm,  438. 
leucodernie,  440. 
macrophylluni,  436. 
Mexicaiiiiin,  441. 
micioji/ti/llitm,  437. 
montaimm,  435. 
Negundo,  440. 
iiir/niin,  439. 
pa  I  ma  til  III,  436. 
]ialmi/h/ium,  439. 
parrifloruin,  43.'). 
Peniisvlvanicum,  436. 
Pinsi/li'anicnm,  43."),  4.'1 
platanoides,  435. 
i'seudo-platanus,  436. 
rubrum,  437. 
rubruiii,  437,  438. 
rubrum  miis,  438. 
Rwp'lii,  439. 
saccbariuum,  438. 
sarc/ian'num,  439. 
sacc/inrophorum,  439. 
.saccbarum,  438. 
sacr/iarum,  439. 
.se HI i-oibiculatu in ,  43 7. 
serratum,  441. 
spicatuin,  435. 
striiiluin,  436. 
tripartituin,  436. 
ruyaliiiii,  437. 
ACEKINK.K,  432. 

Acliania,  332. 
/JiVosa,  334. 


Pirpplfjii,  334. 
Acblv.s,  67;  70. 

tripbyila,  70. 
Aconite,  52. 
Aconitum,  3,  52. 

C/iii missoniunum,  52 

Culuniliianuni,  52. 

('oininbiannin,  53. 

delpbinifolium,  52. 

Fisc/teri,  53. 

A'«  /H  /sc/i « ;  /c«  /« ,  52. 

inaximuin,  52. 

iS'apellus,  52. 

.Vr//y»  //h.s,  52. 

iiasutum,  53. 

Noveboracense,  52. 

A  orclioracense,  5.3. 

pnvadiiTum,  52. 

reclin.atum,  53. 

si'mii/alealuin,  52. 

uncinatum,  53. 

nncinalum,  52. 

voluhile,  53. 
Acta;a,  3,  55. 
.■lc<(Crt,  54. 

alba,  55. 

Americana,  55. 

arijuta,  55. 

brack jipetala,  55,  70. 

cordijiilia,  55. 

dioica,  56. 

fpani/is,  18. 

liini/iprs,  55. 

miiiiiii/ipia,  54. 

pachjipnda,  56. 

pa/iiiata,  18. 

padocarpa,  54. 

racemiisa,  54. 

rubra,  55. 

spicuta,  55. 

s/iirata,  55. 

viridiriora,  55. 
Actinospitra,  53. 
Adenarinm.  238. 

fieploidis,  238. 
Adiumia,  93. 

cirriiosa,  93. 


478 


INDEX. 


funqosa,  93. 
Adolphia.  402,  418. 

C.iliforuica,  419. 

infesta,  419. 
Adonis,  2,  18. 

annitn,  19. 

antumualis,  19. 

vernal  is,  19. 
Aduseton,  115. 
iEsculuti,  434,  446. 

alki,  446. 

arifuta,  447. 

Californiea,  448. 

carnea,  446. 

discolor,  447. 

echinata,  446. 

flava,  447. 

glabra,  446. 

glabra,  447. 

Hippocastannm,  446. 

humtlis,  447. 

hybrida,  447. 

viacrostachya,  448. 

muricata,  446. 

neglectd,  447. 

ochroleitca,  446. 

octaudra,  447. 

Ohioensis,  446. 

Ohiotensis,  446. 

pallida,  446. 

Parry i,  448. 

parviflora,  448. 

Pavia,  447. 

Paiva,  447. 

rubicunda,  446. 

verrucosa,  446. 

TFrt^soH/</«a,  446. 
A/arca  parviflora,  406. 
Ageria  Cassena,  389. 

heterophyla.  389. 

obovata,  389. 

opaca,  388. 

palustris,  389. 
Agrosteinma,  209,  228. 
Agrostemma,  227. 

apetala,  226. 

Coronaria,  227. 

Githago,  228. 

triflora,  22.5. 
Ailant'hus,  377,  378. 

glaiulnlosus,  378. 
Ailantus,  378. 
Ailantiis-tree,  378. 
AizoiDE.E,  256. 
Aizopsis,  112. 
Algfritas,  68. 
Alliaria,  102,  134. 
Alliaria,  136. 

Alliaria,  135. 

officinalis,  135. 
Alsinanthe,  238. 
Alsinastrum,  275. 

brarhi/spermum,  281. 
A/s/ne,  232,  238,  243. 

aqwitica,  232. 

arctica,  247. 

Baicalensis,  233. 


ii>fora,  247. 

borealis,  235. 

brevifolia,  243. 

crassi/olia,  235. 

Drummondii,  237. 

fontinalis,  235. 

glabra,  243. 

graminea,  234. 

Grcenlandica,  243. 

/i/»7a,  246. 

Holostea,  237. 

humifusa,  235. 

littoralis,  236. 

longifolia,  233. 

longipes,  233,  234. 

macrocarpa,  247. 

macropetala,  245. 

7«erf/a,  232. 

Michauxii,  245. 

microsperma,  245. 

nardifolia,  240. 

niVcHS,  233. 

Nuttallii,  237. 

palustris,  243. 

pa<i</a,  245. 

peploides,  238. 

Pitcheri,  245. 

propinrjua,  246. 

pubera,  236. 

/JossfV,  246. 

rubella,  246. 

squanosa,  247. 

slricta,  246. 

tenella,  244. 

uliginosa,  234. 

verna,  245,  246. 

IFa/^en,  237. 
Alsine.«,  209. 
Alsinella  ciliata,  248. 

crassicaulis,  249. 

occidentalis,  248. 

saginoides,  249. 
Althaea,  295,  299. 

cannabina,  299. 

officinalis,  299. 

rosea,  299. 
Aly  sinus,  116. 
Alyssine.i:,  99. 
Ahssuna,  100,  115. 
Al'yssum,  114,  116. 

alyssoides,  115. 

Americanum,  115. 

arcticum,  120. 

calycinum,  115. 

dentatum,  112. 

hyperboreum,  110. 

incanum,  114. 

Lescurii,  116. 

Ludovicianum,  118 

maritimum,  115. 

montamim,  115. 
American  Holly,  388. 

Smoke-tree,  382. 
Ammodenici,  238. 
Amoreuxia,  206. 

nialv£efolia,  207. 

palmatifida,  207. 


Scheidiana,  207. 

Schiedeana,  207. 

Wrightii,  207. 
Ampelopsis,  420,  431. 
Ampelopsis,  430. 

bipinnata,  430. 

cor  data,  430. 

cordifolia,  430. 

kederacea,  431. 

heptaphi/lla,  432. 

heterophylla,  431. 

hirsuta,  431. 

pubescens,  432. 

quiuquefolia,  431. 

tricuspidata,  431. 

Veitchii,  431. 
Amyride.i;,  371. 
Amyris,  371,  375. 

balsamifera,  376. 

elemifera,  376. 

Floridami,  376. 

Ilypelute,  445. 

maritima,  376. 

parvifolia,  376. 

sylvatica,  376. 
ANACARDIACE^,  381. 
Anapodophyllum,  72. 

peltatum,  72. 
Andromeda  plumata,  393. 
Androphylax  scundens,  65. 
Anemone,  1,  9,  462. 

uconitifblia,  12. 

acutiloba,  14. 

alpina,  9. 

Baldensis,  10. 

Berlandieri,  11. 

borealis,  10. 

Californiea,  462. 

Canadensis,  12,  462. 

Caroliniana,  11. 

Caroliniana,  11. 

Commersoniana,  10. 

cuneifolia,  10. 

cyanea,  13. 

cylindrica,  11. 

decapetala,  10. 

decapetala,  10,  11. 

deltoidea,  12. 

dichotoma,  12. 

Drummondii,  10,  462. 

Graj/f',  13. 

Hepatica,  14. 

heterophylla,  11. 

hirsuta,  11. 

Hudsoniana,  10. 

irregularis,  12. 

lanci/olia,  13. 

lanigera,  10. 

Ludoviciana,  9. 

Z^a//i7,  13. 

ininima,  13. 

multifida,  10. 

narci.ssi  flora,  12. 

neworosa,  13. 

nudicuulis,  12,  25. 

Nuttallii,  9. 

occidentalis,  9. 


INDEX. 


479 


Oregana,  13. 

chrysantha,  42. 

Ludoviciana,  161. 

parviriora,  10. 

ecalcarata,  43. 

Lvallii.  166. 

jjateiis,  9. 

eialcaraln,  42. 

lyrata,  159. 

lulling,  9. 

elegans,  44. 

.Sliicnnnii,  163. 

pedutii,  13. 

ex'imia,  44. 

niicropbvlla.  167. 

J^enusi/lvaiiica,  12. 

flavesceus,  43. 

uudiraufis,  152. 

quimiuefolia,  13. 

Jiavesreiis,  463. 

Nuttallii,  160. 

rannncnlindes,  12. 

'fiai-i flora,  44. 

I'ari.shii.  167. 

Ricliard.soni,  12. 

"forniusa,  44. 

patens,  162. 

Rirluirds.nuann,  12. 

fonnosa,  42,  44. 

/«i/«/*i,  164. 

splieiiophylla,  11. 

Jouesii,  43,  463. 

piiuriflorum,  166. 

lenelln,  11. 

Laramiensis,  463. 

pectiiiala,  159. 

Tetonensis,  10,  462. 

leplocera,  44. 

pcrennans,  165. 

thalictroides,  14. 

le/ituceras,  44. 

ftertnunns,  164. 

trifolia.  13. 

lungis.sinia,  45. 

perfoliata,  160. 

trilobata,  11. 

mnrrnntha,  44. 

peti.daris,  161. 

Valdii,  12. 

inicrantha,  43. 

l»lriia,  141,  159. 

Vir-iiiiaua.  U. 

pubescens,  45. 

platyspernia,  163. 

\Vidleri,  11. 

.saxiniontana,  43,  463. 

puht-rula,  160. 

Anemonk.e,  1. 

Skinneri,  44. 

pulcbra,  167,  470. 

Anemoiiella,  1,  14. 

truncata,  44. 

jnirpitniscens,  161. 

thalictroides,  14. 

^/•»H«j/</,  42,  44. 

repauda,  161. 

Anemony,  9. 

variegata,  44. 

rejitaiis,  106. 

Annnmi  ohovata,  63,  464. 

vulgaris,  42. 

retrofinria,  164,  165. 

tnh,l„i,  63. 

vulgaris,  43. 

rhomboidea,  156. 

Anoda,  296,  318. 

Arauide.k,  103. 

rotund  i/olia,  106. 

abutiloides,  320. 

Arabis,  104,  159,  470. 

rui>estris,  163. 

aceri/olia,  319. 

alpina,  163. 

sagittata,  162. 

Arizonica,  319. 

ambigua,  159. 

secnnda,  164. 

brachyantha,  319. 

arcuata,  164. 

s/iarsi  flora,  164. 

creuatitlora,  321. 

arcuala,  165. 

s/Hithidata,  160. 

cristata,  319. 

atrorubens,  162. 

A7nW-»,  163. 

Di/leniana,  319. 

Ueckwithii,  165. 

sulipinnatitida,  165. 

hastata,  319. 

blepharophvlhi.  161. 

suffrutescens,  166,470. 

hasldta,  319,  320. 

Bolauderi,  165. 

Thaliana,  140. 

lanceo/ala,  319. 

Breutelii,  166. 

tnberosa,  156. 

lavaterioides,  319. 

Breweri,  165. 

Virginira,  161. 

parvljiora,  320,  321. 

iw/iosa,  156. 

Arctomecon,  83.  85. 

peutaschista,  320. 

Canadensis,  162. 

.l«V«mrco»,  82. 

pentaschista,  320. 

canescens,  165. 

Californica,  86. 

pubescens,  320. 

canescens,  138,  166. 

Calif'ornicnm,  86. 

reticulata,  321. 

Columbiana,  164. 

humilis,  86. 

Thurberi,  320. 

confinis,  163. 

Merriami,  86. 

triangularis,  319. 

Cusickii,  167. 

Arenaria,  210,  237. 

^v7o/w,  319. 

declinnta,  164. 

.rlrenar/a,  228,  238,  239,  250. 

Wrightii,  319. 

deutata.  160. 

aculeata,  242. 

Anoua,  62. 

Duuglassii,  156. 

alsinoides,  240. 

glabra,  62. 

Drmnniondii,  166. 

alsinoldrs,  254. 

g rand i flora,  63,  464. 
laurifolia,  62. 

Dnimmondii,  163,  166. 

arctica,  247. 

falrata,  162. 

arrtirit,  247. 

pi/gma;a,  64. 
triloba,  63. 

■filifolia,  1.59,470. 

Benthan.ii,  239. 

furcata,  161. 

/>///"r<i.  247. 

ANONACE.E,  62,  464. 

hesfyeridoides,  150. 

brevifolia,  243. 

Aphanostemnia,  22.               [135. 

heteromalla,  164. 

brevi/olia,  244. 

Aphraqmus     Esrhsrholtzianus, 

Itelerophiflla,  162. 

buxi' folia,  238. 

AQUIFOLIACE.K,  388. 

hir.-*uta,162,  470. 

ras))itiisa,  249. 

Afpii folium,  388. 

Hollxellii,  164,  470. 

Californica,  244. 

Aquilegia,  2,  42,  463. 

Holhollli,  164,  165. 

Califhrnirn,  244. 

arctica,  44. 

Ilookeri.  160. 

cnli/rautha,  236. 

brevistyla,  43,  463. 

Howcllii,  167.  470. 

Canadensis.  252. 

brevisti/la,  43. 

huniifnsa,  159. 

capillaris,  240. 

caerulea,  44,  463. 

la-vigata,  162. 

capillaris,  232,  241. 

aeritlea,  43,  44. 

hivlq.ita,  163. 

capillif>fs,  244. 

Califhrnica,  44. 

Leinnioni,  166. 

Carolinian.i,  247. 

Canadensis,  44. 

leriqata,  162. 

oiliata.  2.39. 

Canadensis,  43,  44. 

lilarina,  164. 

compacta,  241. 

chrysantha,  44. 

longlroatris,  170,  174. 

congpsta,  241. 

480 


INDEX. 


confjesta,  241,  242. 
diandra,  251 . 
diffusa,  240. 
Uoughiisii,  244. 
elejjans,  246. 
Feiidleri,  242. 
Feiidleri,  241. 
furmusd,  240. 
'Frankliiiii,  242. 
Fmnklinii,  242. 
Glcsekii,  246. 
glabra,  243. 
y/dlim,  -237,  243. 
GnLiilandica,  243. 
Iluenkcana,  238. 
A/Wa,  246. 
Hookeri,  242. 
Howellii,  244. 
hiiiiiin(S((,  240. 
imhn'aitd,  247. 
Jniii/ifiiua,  245. 
A'/;(y(/,  241. 
huiii'ihiosa,  240. 
laricitolia,  247. 
lateriHora,  238. 
Id/ti-  flora,  235. 
le/ito'rlddos,  239. 
mdcradiuld,  241,  242. 
iiiacrocarpa,  24". 
nuKToplivlla,  238. 
mdrrotld'ra,  253. 
marina,  252. 
Mirhduxii,  245. 
Miquelonensis,  250,  252. 
montiaila,  239. 
vurdijUia,  240. 
nemnrosa,  240. 
Norvegica,  240. 
Nuttalli,  246. 
Nutlallii,  246. 
o6/».sflr,  247. 
palndicola,  243. 
paliistris,  243. 
patula,  245. 
;»«^(/-),  232. 
I'cniisylvanica,  238. 
pojiloides,  238. 
phvsodes,  2.39. 
Pi'trlari,  245. 
pro/iiiupia,  246. 
piuu/rnx,  242,  246. 
Pnhhiana,  235. 
pusilla,  244. 
Ratinpaijuiuna,  247. 
Rossii,  246. 
n/^^ro,  2.50,  252. 
Sajanensis,  246. 
salsuf/itien,  251. 
saxosa,  240. 
serpyllifolia,  239. 
setarea,  245. 
Sitchensis,  239. 
sqnarrosa,  247. 
.itricta,  245. 
sfr/V-^;,  245,  246. 
tenella,  244. 
tene//a,  245. 


tenuifolia,  244,  245. 

th,/mi/olia,  235,  247. 

ursina,  241. 

venia,  245. 

verna,  244. 
Argenioiie,  83,  87,  466. 

alba,  88,  466. 

a/6a,  466. 

albijiord,  88. 

cor\  iiibosa,  88. 

cor'i/mbosd,  466. 

fniticosa,  87. 

(iCfirf/iaiia,  88. 

graudiflora,  87. 

Iiispidd,  88,  466. 

iutermedia,  466. 

Mexicaua,  87,  466. 

Mexicdiia,  88. 

w('H(7a,  88,  467. 

oc/iroleuca,  466. 

platyceras,  88,  466. 

pidtijceras,  466. 
Armoracia  Americana,  146. 

ruslicana,  147. 
Ascyrura,  282,  283. 
'amplexicaule,  283. 

Crux-Andrea,  283. 

Cubense,  284. 

hypericoides,  283. 

microsepalum,  284. 

jHulticaule,  283. 

jniiiciflorum,  283. 

puinilum,  283. 

stuns,  283. 

villosum,  288. 
Asiniiua,  62,  464. 

augustifolia,  64,  464. 

campanijiora,  63. 

conoidea,  63. 

cuneata,  64. 

cunenta,  464. 

graudiflora,  63,  464. 

grandiflora,  63,  464. 

obovala,  464. 

parviflora,  63. 

pygmaea,  64,  464. 

pi/qmcea,  63,  64,  465. 

reticulata,  464. 

reticulata,  64,  464,  465. 

Rugelii,  465. 

secundijlora,  64. 

specio.sa,  464. 

speciosa,  464. 

triloba,  63,  464. 
Aspicarpa,  350,  352. 

Hartwecjiana,  352. 

hyssopifolia,  352. 

longines,  352. 
Astrophijllum  dumosum,  372 
Atalanl'a,  183. 

serrulata,  183. 
Atamisquca,  181,  187. 

emarginata,  187. 
Athysann.«,  99,  112. 

pusillus,  113. 
Atocion  armerioides,  212. 
Atragene,  4,  8. 


alpinu,  8. 
America  lid,  8. 
Columbiana,  8. 
occidentalis,  8. 
Ocholensis,  8. 
Sibirica,  8. 

AURANTIE.K,  371. 

Awlwort,  130. 
Ayeuia,  339,  341. 

niicrophvlla,  341. 

pu.silla,  341. 

Baby's  Breath,  212. 
Badiera,  449. 
Balardia  Plafensis,  251. 
Balloon  Vine,  443. 
Balsam,  368. 

BALSAMINEyE,  358. 

Baneberry,  55. 
Barbadoes  Cherry,  351. 
Barbarca,  104,  149. 

Darbarea,  149. 

parviflora,  150. 

precox,  150. 

stricta,  150. 

■vulgaris,  149. 

i-ulgaris,  150. 
Barberry,  67. 
Bass  wood,  343. 
Bastard  Iron-wood,  374. 
Batrachium,  20. 

circinatum,  21. 

divaricatum,  21. 

hederaceum,  22. 

tric/io/>hi/lium,  21. 
Bauviqartia  scandens,  65. 
Bay,  59. 
Beaver-tree,  59. 
iBe/(en,  214. 

vuh/aris,  214. 
Bchendntha,  214. 
fie//(«,  446. 
Beloere,  327. 

cistiflora,  327. 

c)/.s/7a.  330. 
BEllBEKIDACEJi:,  66,  465. 
Berberis,  66,  67,  465. 

Aquifoliuni,  69,  465. 

Atpiifolinm,  70. 

Canadensis,  68. 

Canadensis,  68. 

cremdatd,  68. 

dictyota,  69. 

emarginata,  68. 

Fendleri,  68. 

Freniontii,  69. 

qlumacea,  70. 

'ilicifolia,  68. 

laxiflora,  68. 

macrant/id,  68. 

TniV/s,  68. 

nana,  465. 

nervosa,  70,  465. 

neri'osa,  70. 

Nevinii,  69,  465. 

Nud-ana,  70. 

])innata,  69,  465. 


INDEX. 


481 


pinnata,  69,  70. 

pit  III  1 1(1,  (59. 

repeiKS,  69,  465. 

liwiiieriaiia,  68. 

Schiedeana,  68. 

Swazeyi,  69. 

trifoliata,  68. 

tri/o/i(ita,  68. 

vulgaris,  68. 

vul(/(iris,  68. 

Wllvoxii,  69. 
Berberry,  67. 
Berchemia,  402,  404. 

scnndi-ns,  405. 

volubilis,  404. 
Bertjel/d,  282. 

Texana,  282. 
Bergia,  281,  282. 

Americana,  282. 

ammanioides,  282. 

Texana,  282. 
Berteroa,  100,  114,468. 

iucaua,  114,  468. 

mutabilis,  114. 

mutahilis,  468. 
Betuin  triphi/lla,  386. 
Bicucnlla  Canadensis,  94. 

Cucullaria,  95. 

fumarioides,  93. 
Bicncidlaria  eximia,  95. 
Bicucullata,  94. 

Canadensis,  95. 
Bird  Grape,  421. 
BirdVeve  Maple,  439. 
Biscutel'la,  122. 

Cali/ornica,  123. 

ir/iV/iCfu',  123. 
Bitter  Orange,  376. 
Bitter-root,  266,  267. 
Bitter-sweet,  398. 
Bitter-wood,  378. 
Bixa  Orellana,  206. 
BIX  AC  E^:,  206. 
Black  Alder,  391. 

Cdho.sh,  54. 

Hellebore,  42. 

Iron- wood,  404. 

Maple,  439. 

Mustard,  133. 

Snakeroot,  54. 
Bladder  Campion,  214. 
Bladder-nut,  434. 
Bloodroot,  86. 
Blue  Cohosh,  70. 

Grape,  428. 
BomhareiB,  295. 
Bovdn'cella,  333,  334. 
Bootia,  213. 
Boston  Vine,  431. 
Botrophis,  54. 

acteoides,  55. 

serpentaria,  55. 
Bouncing  Het,  213. 
Box  Klder,  440. 
Brack iilolms  hispidus,  148. 
Brasenia,  73,  74. 

Hydroiyeltis,  74. 


ni/mphoidts,  74. 

peltnla,  74. 

jiiirpitrea,  74. 

Schrei)eri,  74. 
Bra.-isica,  102,  133,  468. 
Brussicd,  134. 

adpressa,  134. 

adpressa,.H;9. 

allia,  1:54. 

aiha,  133. 

caiiipestris,  133. 

./iipunica,  469. 

jnucea,  134,469. 

nigra,  133. 

o/eracea,  133. 

oiientalis,  134. 

]ier/„liala,i:i-i. 

Sinaiiistruni,  1.33,  468. 

Was/iilatia,  168. 
Bkassick.k,  101. 
Brava,  103,  140. 
Bniya,  136. 

aljiina,  140. 

arctica,  140. 

Eschscholtziana,  135. 

(jiahella,  140. 

huniilis,  141. 

Ore//(>nensis,  112 

pectinata,  136. 

pilo.'^a,  141. 

purpurascens,  140. 

rosea,  141. 
Brewerina  suffnitescens,  241. 
Breynia  arborescens,  187. 

fniticosa,  187. 
Broccoli,  1.33. 
Bronnia,  280. 

spinosa,  280. 
Brussels  sprouts,  133. 
Biicconia,  82. 
Buckeye,  446. 
Buckthorn,  406. 
Buckwheat-tree,  393. 
fiurfa,  250. 

borealis,  252. 

7narina,  252. 

r«/)rrt,  250. 

Bl  ETTNERIE.E,  339. 

Bugbane,  53. 
Bulhncapnos,  96. 
Hull  Grape,  420. 
Hullace  Grape,  420. 
Hull  it  Grape,  420. 
lhun<dda,AM. 
/iiiiKi/ia  anijHstifolia,  394. 
Hunch  (Jrapc,  427. 
linnins  ,d,uliil,i,  132. 
Burning  Hush,  397. 
Bursa,  130. 

/iitrsa-pastoris,  131. 
BnrseiF,  130. 
Bursera,  380. 

fununifora,  380. 
Iindsiana,380. 
nii(r()phvila,380. 
.SVm.ni(/.(j,3S0. 
BUUSEHACE.E,  380. 
31 


Bantcria,  380. 
Hush  (irap*-,  421. 
Huttercup,  20. 
Hyrsoninm,  :iM. 
lucida,  350. 

Cabbage,  1.33. 
Caboinba,  73,  74. 

ai/uatira,  74. 

Aubletil,  74. 

Caroliniana,  74. 

jielfala,  74. 

pinnnla,  363. 
Cabomhk.*:,  73. 
Cakile,  101,  1.32. 

ai/iialis,  132. 

Americana,  132. 

Americana,  132. 

edenlnhi,  132. 

niaritima,  132. 

niaritijHa,  132. 

CAKII.INEiE,  101. 

Calandrinia,  263,  269. 
Calandrinia,  262,  267. 

amhiipia,  270. 

Breweri,  270. 

caulesccns,  269. 

Columbiana,  269. 

compressa,  270. 

Coti/ledon,  268. 

elei/ans,  270. 

r;/7/^/,  268. 

Iloirelhi,  268. 

/,wnf/,  269. 

niarititna,  270. 

J/fH2/<'.s//,269,270. 

micrantha,  269. 

Neradinsis,  268. 

opposilif'olin,  268. 

pnlchelJa,  270. 

pygmira,  268. 

sesuvioides,  270. 

speciosa,  269. 

tul>erosa,  265. 

Tweed i/i,  268. 
Calceolaria.  205. 

verticil  lata,  205. 
California  Lilac,  409. 
CallirhoiN  295,  .300. 

alca-..ido.s,.301. 

digit ata,  .301. 

involucrata,  300. 

inroincrata,  301. 

//H<<jn7../«/,30l. 

macrnrhi:a,  301. 

palmata,  301. 

rapavpf,  301. 

pedata,  302. 

.scabriu.xcula,  302. 

.s7./<fir(i,306. 

triangulata.  300. 

rerticillata,  301. 
Calloosa  Grape,  429. 
C"(//of/iv.<!i«.s446,448. 

Califoitiica,  448. 
Caltha,  2. 39. 

arcOVa,  39. 


482 


INDEX. 


aanrlfolh,  39. 

biHora,  40. 

jicarioides,  39. 

jiabellifolia,  39. 

leptosepala,  40. 

leptose/nila,  40. 

uataiis,  39. 

])iilustris,  39. 

jxiliistris,  39. 

radirans,  39. 

S(it/itt(ita,  40. 
Caltrops,  3.53. 
Calytocarpum,  65,  66. 

Lvoni,  66. 
Calyptritlinm,  263,  278. 

monaiidrum,  279. 

vwnosiiermiiiit,  277. 

nullum.  277. 

pini'irnlatum,  277. 

rariyi.  278. 

(juadripetalum,  278. 

roseum,  278. 

roseum,  278. 

tetrapelalum,  278. 

imihellatum,  277. 
Calyxh  i/vienia,  322. 
Camelina,  101,  l.Jl,  46& 

barbareivfolium,  148 

microrarpa,  468. 

sativa,  131. 

sylvestris,  468. 

C.\MELINE.E,   101. 

Camvllia,  291. 
Campion,  213. 
Canary-gra.«is,  124. 
Canbya,  82,  85. 

aurea,  85. 

Candida,  85. 
Candlewood,  280. 
Canella,  206. 

alba,  206. 

laiirif'o/ia,  206. 

Winterana,  206. 
CANELLACE^,  205. 
Canon  Grape,  425. 
Canotia,  378,  379. 

holacantha,  379. 
Capnodes,  94,  467. 

Bidwellianum,  467. 

Caseanum,  467. 
Capnoides  aureum,  97. 

crystallinutn,  98. 

curvisiliquum,  97. 

JlavuJum,  98. 

micranthum,  98. 

montanum,  97. 

scandeiis,  93. 

semperrirens,  97. 
Capnorrhis,  93,  94. 

ckri/stinthn,  96. 

ochroleuca,  467. 

paucijiora,  467. 
Cappare^,  181. 
CAPPARIDACEyE,  180,  473. 
Capparis,  181,  187. 

Breynia,  187. 

cynophallophora,  187. 


cynophallophora,  187. 

emarfjinata,  187. 

Jamaicensis,  187. 

silifpiosa,  187. 

s/iinosa,  187. 
Capsella,  101,  130. 

Bursa-pastoris,  131. 

dirdiicatd,  131. 

elliptica,  131. 

e  recta,  131. 

procuiiibeits,  131. 

pnbeus,  131. 
Cardaniine,  104,  155,  470. 
Cardamine,  153,  470. 

alpina,  155. 

angulata,  157. 

arenicola,  158. 

asiiri  folia,  156. 

belliilifolia,  155. 

Breweri,  157. 

hulbosa,  156. 

Californica,  155. 

cardio/iki/lla,  155. 

Clematitis,  157. 

cord  i  folia,  156. 

cordifolia,  156. 

cuiieata,  155. 

curvisiliqua,  156. 

digitata,  157. 

diphylla,  153. 

DoiKjlassii,  156. 

Emielmanniana,  161. 

Jil  (folia,  159. 

Jlexuosa,  158. 

Ganibelii,  158. 

Gambellii,  158. 

gemmata,  154. 

heterophylla,  153. 

hirsuta,  158. 

hirsuta,  158. 

laciniata,  153, 

Lenensis,  155. 

Ludoriciana,  161. 

Lyallii,  156. 

maxima,  154. 

Menziesii,  139. 

mull  if  da,  139,  153. 

nudiranlis,  152. 

Niittallii,  154. 

oligosperma,  158. 

parviflora,  158. 

pauciserta,  155. 

Pennsylvanica,  158. 

pratensis,  157. 

pulrherrima,  154. 

purpurea,  157. 

purpurea,  155. 

tpiercetoriim,  154. 

rhomboidea,  1 56,  470. 

rhomhoid,a,  156. 

rotuiidifolia,  156. 

rotund  i  folia,  156. 

Sc/iaJ/'hcri,  158. 

sinuata,  154. 

spathulata,  159. 

xylvatira,  158. 

<eres,  149. 


vnijlora,  152. 

I'ln/inira,  158,  161. 
Cardaria,  124. 
Cardiolepis  obtusa,  408. 
Cardiospermuni,  433,  443. 

Corinduni,  443. 

llalicacabnni,  443. 

llalicacabuiii,  44.3. 

niicrocarpum,  443. 

7Ho//e,  443. 
Carnation,  211. 
Cari)et-weed,  257. 
CAin'OPIIYLLACE.E,  208. 
Casaha,  25. 
Cassena,  389. 
Cussine  Caroliniana,  389,  390. 

Perar/ua,  389. 

ramulosa,  389. 
Castalia,  75. 

ampla,  75. 

eleqans,  75. 
/ara,  77. 

Leibergi,  76. 

Mexicana,  77. 

odor  at  a,  76. 

pudica,  76. 

tetragona,  76. 

tuberosa,  76. 
Castela,  377,  378. 

erecta,  379. 

Nicholsoni,  379. 
Cat  Grape,  423. 
Catchfly,  213,  217. 
Caulanthus,  105,  172,  473. 

aniplexicaulis,  172. 

Coulteri,  172. 

crassicaulis,  173. 

glaucus,  173. 

hastatus,  173. 

inflatus,  172. 

Lemmoni,  172. 

pilosns,  173,  473. 

procerus,  173. 
Cauliflower,  133. 
Caiilophvllum,  66,  70. 
Caulopln/lluw,^ri. 

tliaiictruides,  70. 
Cavanilla/lorida,  292. 
Ceanothus,  402,  409. 

Americanus,  409. 

Americanus,  410. 

Andersoni,  411. 

arboreu.s,  411. 

azareus,  413. 

bi color,  41.5. 

C«///;»-h/chs,  411. 

colubrinus,  418. 

connivens,  416. 

cordulatus,  412. 

cordulatus,  413. 

cordulatus  X  velutinus,  412. 

crassifolius,  416. 

crassifolius,  416,  417. 

cuneatus,  416. 

cuneatu.i,  416,  417. 

decumbens,  414. 

dentatus,  415. 


INDKX. 


483 


dentatus,  4\4.  415. 
(livaricatus,  412. 
diverijtns,  417. 
diversifolius,  414. 
diuersi/bliiis,  414. 
eglandulosiis,4l2. 
elegnns,  415. 
Fendleri,  413. 
ferniis,  404. 
'jiorlhnndus,  415. 
'foliosas,414. 
folios  us,  415. 
glaber.  412. 
glandulosus,  409. 
Greggii,  416. 
herbirens,  A\0. 
hirsutus,  414. 
hirsntus,  414. 
impressus,  415. 
ineanus,  412. 
in/estiis,  419. 
iiitegerrimus,  411. 
intef/errimus,  411,  412,  415. 
inter iiiedius,  410. 
intricatus,  413. 
Jepsonii,  417. 
Itevigatus,  410. 
Lemmoni,  414. 
Lobliianus,  415. 
macrocarpus,  416. 
juegdcarpus,  416. 
microphyllus,  410. 
microphijllus,  410. 
niolllssimus,  409. 
Nevadensis,  411. 
officinalis,  410. 
olignnthus,  412,  413,  414. 
Orcnttii,  414. 
Oreganus,  409. 
0fH//s,  409. 
ovatus,  409. 
I'aliueri,  411. 
papillosus,  415. 
papillosits,  415. 
Parryi,  415. 
parvifolius,  411. 
perennis,  410. 
perplexans,  417. 
pinelorum,  416,  417. 
prostratus,  417. 
jirostratus,  416,  417. 
pumili(s,  416. 
reclinatiis,  418. 
rigidus,  417. 
rigidits,  415,  416. 
rugosiis,  417. 
sanguineus,  409. 
serpyllifoliu.s,  410. 
sorediatus,  413. 
sorediatus,  412,  413,  415. 
spiuosus,  41 1. 
spiiiosus,  412,  414. 
tnrdljiorux,  410. 
thyrsiflorus,  415. 
thfirsi floras,  411,  415. 
tomentosus,  413. 
trinervus,  410. 


Veitcfiianus,  415. 

velutiuu.H,  410. 

veliUinns,  4  1 1 ,  41. 'J,  417. 

verrucosus,  410. 

fe/-n«o,si(.<,41G,  417. 

rest  it  IIS,  416. 
Cebatha  Curolina,  65. 
C'edrus  Mahogiini,  387. 
Celandine,  89. 

I'oppv,  89. 
CELASTKACK/E,  395. 
Celastrk^,  395. 
Cela.strus,  395,  398. 

bullatus,  398. 

scandeus,  398. 
Cerastes,  416. 
Cera.stiuni,  210,  228. 
Cvrustiitiii,  228. 

alpinuHi,  231. 

a/pinum,  231. 

apricum,  230. 

arvense,  230. 

«ri;eHse,  230,  231. 

liierin'/idDiiiii,  2'U. 

hrai-livpoduni.  229. 

hrartr'.itum,  2:iO. 

crdsliuidis,  -I'M. 

ciiiuialuin,  229. 

dir/iutoiiiKin,  230. 

Flsrheridniim,  231. 

fulviiin,  229. 

(floiiumtiim,  229. 

'i/raiule,  229. 

'/lirsiiliim,  229,  231. 

h>/hridnm,  230. 

la  mil  II  in,  231. 

/a///;-//«w,  231. 

/o/«/>'  pedunctdatitm,  230. 

maxiinum,  229. 

iiutaii.><,  230. 

/,,(^(/^s■,  229,  230. 

ohIoiHii/olium,  230,  231. 

/ V»  H.s  y /lY/n  /cm  w  ,  230. 

piliisiim,  230,  231. 

rigidiim,  231. 

soinidecandrum,  229. 

seinidecandium,  229. 

.sericeum,  230. 

stellar ioides,  231. 

Texanum,  228. 

trigvnum,  231. 

triviale,  229. 
veliUinum,  231. 

villosum,  231. 

viscosura,  229. 
risrosum,  229. 
vulgatum,  229. 
vii/i/iitiim.  229,231. 
riiiliil,rl>il.nis,  451. 
Cli(im<ipliiiiii,  137. 
Cliarlock,  133.  [293. 

CIIEIUANTIIODF.NDKE.T':. 
Cheiranthodendron.  294. 
Calif'oniirum,  294. 
Cheiranihns.  142,  1.50,469. 
<(.s-p;,  143,  144. 
capitatus,  144. 


hegprridoidt*,  1 .50. 

AUnzieaii.  152. 

urcidentnlis,  144. 

y'.,//<iA,V,  145. 

pijijuiiius,  145. 
ChelKiiileiiion,  2'J4. 
Chelidoniuin,  K4,  H9. 

dipkylinm,  H'i. 

(jt.inrinm,  90. 

inajiu*.  89. 
ClterUnn  dirrnnoidft,  237. 
("hickt-n  (;rap.-,  424. 
Cliirkw.-.Ml.  li.IJ. 

Chili  r.-i)iMT,  ;{si. 

Cliina-trcc,  3«7. 
Cliinese  Sumach,  378. 
Cliilmiia,  352. 
Chittainwood,  382. 
CliiJC<jlate-tree,  339. 
Choisya,370,  371. 

dun)o.sa,  372. 

teriinlii,  .372. 
Christniiw  Kost-,  42. 
C/iri/samp/iora  ('idifurnica,  466. 
Chri/seis,  90. 

Culiforniai,  91. 

ar.sjiilosii,  91. 

CoiiijKirlil,  90. 

iJoni/lasii,  91. 

hiipiroides,  91. 

teniiil'i'lla,  91. 
Chri/soriipiios,  95. 
Chrijsocuptis,  4 1 . 

aspliniP'lin,  42. 

0<</</.H/u/<«,  41. 
C/iryza,  41. 

borealis,  41. 
Cienfneifia,  337. 
Cieiifuegusia,  297.  .337. 

Iictcroi.liylla.  .338. 

sulphurea,  337. 
Ciinicifuga.  3,  53. 

Americana,  54. 

..•1/H<'C/C((H«,  55. 

Arizoiiica,  54. 

rordi/'ulia,  55. 

D.ih'iirlca.  54. 

elata,  .54. 

fa-tida,  .54. 

Japnnica,  54. 

laciniata,  54. 

jHilmiita,  18. 

ptidiiritrpa,  54. 

racemosa,  54. 

serfifiiliiriii,  54. 

simplex,  54. 
Cimici/ugea,  2,  3. 
CissiimiHlos  smihicina,  65,  66. 
Ciissus,  420.  430. 
CVssi/.<.  430. 

acida,  4.30. 

Ami>olopsis,  4.30. 

hipiiimitii,  430. 

hi'dinirf II,  4.31. 

incisa.  4.30. 

orieiitalis,  430. 

AW/iru/i(i,  431. 


484 


INDEX. 


diffu 
Esch 


sicyoides,  431. 

staus,  430. 
CIST  AC  E^,  189,  474. 
Cistus,  189. 

Carolinianus,  191. 

con/mbosus,  190. 
Citron,  376. 
Citrus,  371,376. 

Aurantiuin,  376. 

Binarradia,  376. 

vulgaris,  376. 
Claytonia,  263,  270. 
Claytonia,  271. 

acutijlora,  127. 

acutifolia,  272. 

alslnoides,  273. 

ambigua,  270. 

aqitafica,  275. 

arctica,  272. 

arctica,  271,  272. 

arenicola,  274. 

asarif'oUa,  273. 

Bodini,  272. 

bulbifera,  273. 

Caroliuiana,  271. 

Caroliniana,  271. 

Chamissoi,  272,  275. 

Chamissonis,  275,  277. 

cordifolia,  273. 

Cubensis,  274. 

dicholoma,  276,  277. 
r«sa,  276. 
•"jschscholtzii,  272. 

exigua,  275. 

JilicauUs,  276. 

flagellaris,  276. 

grandijiora,  271. 

gifpsophiloides,  275. 

/fo//i7,  277. 

Joanneana,  272. 

Joanniana,  272. 

lanceolata,  271. 

latifolia,  271. 

lineai-is,  276. 

megarrhiza,  272. 

Nei;adensis,  273. 

nubigena,  275. 

parviflora,  274. 

parv'ifolia,  275,  276. 

perfoliata,  274,  275. 

sarmentosa,  272,  276. 

saxvsa,  274. 

Sibirica,  272,  273. 

Simsii,  271. 

spathulivfolid,  271. 

spathulata,  271,    274,   275, 

spatuUe/olia,  271.  [276 

spatulti'a,  271. 

stolonifera,  275. 

tennifolia,  275. 

tripfii/lla,  269. 
tuberosa,  272. 
umbellata,  271. 
T.^nalasr/densis,  273. 
Virginica,  271. 
Virglnica,  271,273. 
Cleistanoda,  321. 


CLEMATIDE.E,  1. 

Clematis,  1,  4,461. 
Addisouii,  5,  461. 
alpiua,  8,  462. 
alpina,  8,  9. 
Bakhvinii,  7. 
Bigelovii,  6,  462. 
Catesbyaua,  4. 
coccinea,  6. 
C'oloradoensis,  6. 
Columbiana,  8. 
cordata,  4,  6,  7,  461. 
cordifolia,  4. 
crispa,  7. 
crispu,  6,  461. 
cylindrica,  7. 
aioica,  4,  5. 
distorta,  7. 
divaricdta,  7. 
Douglasii,  8,  462. 
Douglasii,  462. 
Drummondii,  5. 
Jili/era,  6. 
Jlore-crisjio,  7. 
Fremoutii,  7. 
hirsutissima,  9. 
holosericea,  4. 
integrifolia,  7. 
lasiantha,  5. 
ligusticifolia,  4. 
lineariloba,  7. 
nervatd,  5. 
ochroleuca,  7,  462. 
ochroleuca,  7. 
orata,  6,  7. 
Palmeri,  6. 
parviflora,  5. 
pauoiflora,  5. 
Pitcheri,  6,  461. 
Pitrheri,  6. 
Plukenetii,  4. 
Psetido-Atragene,  9. 
reticulata,  6. 
reticulata,  6. 
Sargenti,  6. 
^cokt;',  8. 
sericea,  7. 
Simsii,  6,  7. 
Suksdorfii,  4,  4G1. 
Texana,  6. 
Texensis,  6. 
verticillaris,  8,  462. 
Viorna,  5,  461. 
Viorna,  6,  7. 
viornioides,  461. 
Virginiana,  4,  461. 
Virginica,  4. 
viticella,  7. 
Walteri,  7. 
Wi/etliii,  8. 
Cleome,  180,  183,473. 
Cleome,  182. 

arhorea,  181. 
aurpa,  184. 
cunci  folia,  180. 
dodecandra,  182. 
graveolens,  182. 


gynandra,  183. 
'fteptaph  1/11(1,  183. 

iiiti'gri  folia,  183,473. 
lutea,  184. 
peutaphylla,  183. 
pinnata,  179. 

platycarpa,  184. 
pungens,  183. 

serrulalu,  183. 

Souoraj,  184. 

sparsifolia,  184. 

speciosa,  183. 

spiuosa,  183. 

triphylla,  183. 

uni gland  ulosa,  182. 

viscosa,  182. 
Cleome^,,  180. 
Cleomella,  180,  184. 

angustifolia,  185. 

brevipe.'!,  185. 

Coulteri,  1 86. 

longipes,  184. 

Mexicana,  184. 

Mexicana,  185. 

obtu.sifolia,  186. 

oijcarpa,  185. 

Palnierana,  186. 

parviflora,  185. 

plocasperma,  185. 

tenuifolia,  185. 
Cliftouia,  392,  393. 

ligustritia,  393. 

momiphiilla,  393. 

nitida,  393. 
Climbing  Bitter-sweet,  398. 
Clusia  flava,  291. 
Clypeola,  113. 

alyssoides,  115. 

Caroliniana,  127. 

maritima,  115. 
Cneoridium,  370,  375. 
Cneoridium,  377. 

dumosum,  375. 
Coach-whip,  280. 
Coccnlidium  populifolium,  65. 
Cocculus,  65. 

Caroliuus,  65. 

diversifolius,  65. 

Indicus,  65. 

oblongi/olius,  65. 

saqtttcefollus,  65. 
Cochlearia',  103,  145. 

Anglica,  14.5. 

Anglica,  146. 

aqnatica,  146. 

Armoracia,  147. 

Danica,  145. 

fenestrata,  146. 

Groenlandica,  146. 

Grmilandica,  145. 

oblong  l/olia,  146. 

officinalis,  145. 

officinalis,  146. 

septentrional  is,  llOi 

siliquosa,  110. 

spathulata,  110. 

tridactylites,  145. 


IXDKX. 


485 


COCHLOSPERME^,  206. 

Coc/ilospermitm,  206. 
Cockle,  224. 
Vodonium,  394. 

arborescens,  394. 
Cohosh,  .')5. 
Coiloplnjltum,  79. 
Collet  in,  \\S. 

ilisperma,  419. 

in/'csta,  419. 

viultijiora,  419. 

CoLLETIE-*;,  402. 

Colubriua,  402,  418. 

Americana,  418. 

ferruginea,  418. 

ferruginosa,  418. 

iH/e.s/(/,  419. 

rediuata,  418. 

Texeusi.s,  418. 
Columbine,  42. 
Colza,  133. 
Common  Chickweed,  232. 

Mallow,  298. 

Mou.se-ear  Chickweed,  229. 

Purslane,  263. 

Sumach,  384. 

Winter  Cress,  149. 
Condalia,  402. 

feirea,  404. 

'lycioides,  403. 

IMexicana,  403. 

obovata,  403. 

obtusifolia,  403. 

Parryi,  403. 

spatlmlata,  403. 
Comlaliopsis,  403. 
Conoimorpha,  214. 
Coiiosilene,  214. 
Conringia,  102,  134,  469. 

orieutalis,  134. 

perfoliata,  134,  469. 

Thaliann,  140. 
Consolida,  4.5. 
Coptis,  2,41. 

aspleuiifolia,  42. 

asjileni folia,  42. 

laciniata,  42. 

occidentalis,  41. 

ocridcntalis,  42. 

trifolia,  41. 
Corchorus,  342. 

acutanguhis,  343. 

hirtus,  342. 

olitorius,  343. 

pilolohus,  343. 

siliquosus,  343. 

sili(ptosiis,  343. 

tridens,  343. 
Corion,  2.')0. 

marinum,  252. 
Corn  Cockle,  228. 

Poppy,  88. 
Coroniirid,  224,  227. 

FlosciirMli,  227. 

lomentosa,  '2'27. 
Coronopus,  129. 

Coronopus,  130. 


didi/mus,  130. 

JMlii,  VM. 
Condali.s,  93,  90,  407. 

ainl)igna,  96. 

aurea,  97. 

aitrcu,  97,98. 

Bidtvelliie,  90. 

IJraiidegei,  97. 

C'aitailmsis,  94. 

Caseana,  96.  467. 

crystallina,  98. 

Cucidlariii,  95. 

curvisiliijua,  97. 

Cusickii,  96. 

Jhu-idulu,  98. 

"Havula,  98. 

fuimosu,  94,  95. 
finitjosa,  93. 

ijiiiniited,  96. 

glauca,  97. 

macrophi/lla,  96. 

micraiitiia,  98. 

iiKiiitanii,  97. 

pnoniafoln,,  96. 

]);uniHura,  96. 

Scouicri,  96. 

sempervirens,  97. 

tenuifolia,  94. 
CosUea,  392. 
Cutinus,  381. 

Americanus,  382. 

cotinoides,  382. 
Cotton,  338. 
Covillea  divaricata,  356. 
Cow  Cress,  126. 
Cowslips,  39. 
Cranesbill,  358, 
Cream-cups,  84. 
Cremontia,  333. 
Creosote-plant,  355. 
Cristariii  cocciiiea,  313. 
Cristatella,  180,181,  473. 

erosa,  181. 

Jamesii,  182,  473. 
Crocanthemum    Caroliuiannm, 
Crossosoma,  3,  57.  [191. 

Bigelovii,  57. 

Californicum,  57. 

Californizum,  57. 

parvi flora,  57. 
Crowfoot,  20. 
CUUCIFKU.E,  98,467. 
Cry  modes,  22. 
Cr'ypta,  281. 

minima,  281. 
Cuba  liast,  337. 
Ciii-ithaliis  araulis,  216. 

/;./-.;<,  214. 

Domjiasii,  223. 

H/ivi(,s-,  216. 

polypelitluA,  216. 

stp'UatnsrlM'-,. 
Cucullnria,  94,  95. 

hiilbosa,  95. 
Cucuml)er-trce,  00,  61. 
Curle.I  Mallow.  298. 
Curly  Maple,  439. 


CurrantB,  68. 
CiisicLiii,  1 12. 
CuHtard  .Apple,  62. 
Vynmns,  74. 

jlarirumiis,  75. 

liilriis,  75. 

firntapfUdiii,  75. 

reuijoimis,  75. 
Ci/mb<jxtemoii  parvijiorttn,  59. 
(JipiiK-nrdnmum  Virfjinicum,  127. 
('lIuophalii.phornH.  187. 
Cy p.selea,  256.  258. 

humifuH!^  258. 
Ci/rbasium,  l«l. 

erosniii,  I  HI. 

Jami'sii,  182. 
Cyrilla,  392. 

Caroitniana,  393. 

fiiscala,  393. 

'parvi/olia,  393. 

polysltirlii/a,  393. 

racemiHora.  393. 

raremosa,  393. 
("YKlLLxVCK.K.  .392. 
Cyrlor/,,/i,rfifi.  21),  23. 

Cipnbalariti,  24. 

raiiuiiruliiia,  23. 
Cysticupno»,  96. 

I)<irti/l(ica/)nos,  93. 
l)ali.)on  Hollv.  388. 
Dame's  Violet,  142. 
Darliiigtonia.  79,  81,  466. 

Califurnica,  81,  466. 
Datisca  hirta,  384. 
Decurrentes,  458. 
Delphidium  flfiiiosum,  45. 
Del  phi  nasi  rum,  45. 
Delphinium,  3,  45,  463. 

Ajacis,  45. 

alpinum,  47. 

Ander.«onii,  48,  463. 

Andersouii,  52. 

apicniatum,  49. 

azureum,  46. 

azurettm,  47,  49. 

Barheiji,  47. 

bicol.tr.  48. 

Jilorhmaiia  .  49,  46-3. 

Blorkmana,  463. 

Hurkei.  52. 

Californicum.  47. 

camponim,  46. 

cardinale,  51. 

Caroliniatiiim,  46,  47. 

cocriiii  urn,  51 . 

Coliiml'inuum.  51. 

Con.'iolida.  45. 

decorum,  50. 

fAo./HHi,  40,  48,49,  50,51. 

dipiniprratum,  50. 

<listiclium,  49. 

di/ttirfiiim.  52. 

ildtiiw,  47. 

Emilia'.  51.  46.3. 

exaltatum.  40. 

tjalUiliim.  47,  48. 


INDEX. 


Geyeri,  46. 

glaucum,  47. 

ymndijlorum,  49. 

hesperium,  49. 

hesjitriiim,  463. 

hijhridum,  47. 

leucophaum,  51. 

Meuziesii,  .50. 

Menziesii,  48,  49,  50. 

mulicaule,  51. 

Niitiallianiitn,  50. 

Kuttallii,  50. 

occi denude,  47. 

orieittale,  45. 

ornutiim,  49. 

Parishii,  48. 

Parryi,  48. 

patens,  50. 

paucittorum,  50. 

paurijiorum,  50. 

paiiperculnm,  50. 

Penhardi,  46. 

recuivatum,  51,  463. 

sarrophi/lluni,  51. 

scaposuin,  46. 

scojtulorum,  47. 

scopulorum,  47. 

simplex,  49. 

simplex,  46,  49,  51. 

tricorne,  45. 

trirorne,  50. 

tridacti/lum,  47. 

trulliifolium,  48. 

uligiuosum,  46. 

urceolatum,  47. 

variegatum,  49. 

variegatum,  51,  463. 

vimineum,  46. 

virescens,  46. 
Demidovia,  260. 
Dendromecon,  83,  86. 
Dendromecon,  82. 

Jlexllis,  87. 

Harfordii,  87. 

rigida,  86. 

riqida,  87. 
Dentaria,  104,  153,  470. 
Dentaria,  156. 

ii/b/ea,  153. 

Californica,  154. 

Callfornica,  155. 

cardiophylla,  155,  470. 

concatenata,  153. 

diphvlla,  153. 

diph'yllu,  1 54. 

dissect  a,  153. 

gemmntn,  154. 

heterophylla,  153. 

integrifolia,  155. 

laciniata,  153. 

laciniala,  154. 

macrocarpa,  154. 

maxima,  154. 

vndtijida,  153. 

p.acliystigma,  155. 

tenella,  154. 

tenella,  154. 


tenuifolia,  154. 
Deptford  I'iuk,  211. 
Descurainia,  136,  137,  138. 

canescens,  139. 

incisa,  139. 

pinnata,  139. 

5o/jA(a,  139. 
Descurea,  138. 
Dianthus,  209,  211. 

alpiuus,  211. 

Armeiia,  211. 

armeroides,  212. 

barbatus,  211. 

deltoides,  211. 
furcaius,  211. 

prolifer,  212. 

repens,  211. 

Saxifragus,  212. 
Dicentra;  93,  467. 

Cauadeusi.s,  94,  467. 

c'hrysantha,  95. 

Cucullaria,  95. 

eximia,  95. 

eximia,  94. 

formosa,  95. 

ochroleuca,  96,  467. 

pauciflora,  94,  467. 

teimif(jlia,  94. 

uniflora,  94. 
Dichodon,  231. 
Didytra,  93,  94. 

bracteosa,  95. 

Canadensis,  94,  95. 

Cucullaria,  95. 

eximia,  94,  95. 

formosa,  95. 

lachenalia- flora,  94. 

tenuifolia,  94. 
Dictamuus  Fraxiuella,  369. 
Dielijtra,  94. 

Canadensis,  94. 

chrijsantha,  95. 

Cucullaria,  95. 

eximia,  94,  95. 

formosa,  95. 

saccatu,  95. 
Dilepticum  diffusum,  127. 

prcecox,  127. 
Dipeialia,  188. 

suhnlata,  188. 
Diphylleia,  67,  72. 

cymosa,  72. 

Grayi,  72. 
Diplisca  elliptica,  418. 
Diplocalj/x,  394. 

chrysnphylloides,  394. 
Diplota'xis,  102,  134. 

muralis,  134. 

tenuifolia,  134. 
Dithvrea,  100,  122. 

Californica,  123. 

Wislizeni,  123. 
Dodoncea,  433,  441. 

angnstifolia,  441. 

Burmanniana,  441. 

nana,  441. 

Schiediana,  441. 


spa</i!Jafn!,441. 

viscosa,  441. 
DODON.K.K,  433. 
Dolophraqma,  238. 
Draha,  99,  105,  467. 

alpina,  108. 

a/y«;;a,  108,  109,  110,  112. 

androsarea,  109. 

Arabis,  111. 

arabisans,  111. 

arctira,  111. 

asprella,  107. 

asprella,  106. 

aurea,  110 

aureola,  110,  467. 

borealis.  111,  468. 

bracliycarpa,  1 07. 

Breweri,  111,  467. 

Canadensis,  111. 

Caroliniana,  106. 

chrysantlia,  110. 

coiifusa.  111. 

contorta,  111. 

corrugata,  110,  467. 

cori/mbvsa,  109. 

cra'ssifolia,  108,  467. 

crassifolia,  106. 

Crockeri,  112. 

cuneifolia,  107. 

densifoha,  112. 

dentata,  1 12. 

Douglasii,  112. 

eurycarpa,  109. 

fliraulis,  107. 

Fladnizensis,  109. 

glabella.  111. 

glacialis,  112. 

gracilis,  107,  111. 

grandis,  110. 

Henneana,  111. 

hirta.  111. 

Ajrtfl,  110. 

hispidula,  106. 

Howellii,  108. 

hyperborea,  1 1 0. 

incana,  111,  467. 

incana,  111. 

/ac^ea,  109. 

l(tvigata,  135. 

hevipes,  109. 

Lapponira,  109. 

Lemmoni,  108. 

/(//«;,  107. 

wirrantlia,  106. 

micropctala,  108. 

Mogollonica,  107. 

montana,  108. 

muricella,  109. 

nemoralis,  107. 

nemorcsa,  107. 

nivalis,  109,  467. 

oblongata.  111. 

oligosperma,  112. 

pauciflora,  108. 

platijcarpa,  107. 

ramosissima,  111. 

Rmmeriana,  107. 


INDEX. 


48; 


rupeslris,  108,  111. 

Hachalinensis,  111. 

Soiioraj,  107. 

Stella  ta,  109. 

8teiiol()l)a,  107. 

streptoiarpa,  110. 

sulKsessilis,  109. 

UnaUischkidud,  111. 

uuilatenilis,  106. 

xmilateralis,  112. 

veiitosa,  108. 

verna,  106. 
\V(t/ileulieri/ii,  109. 
Dnibiva,  108. 
DmbclUt,  106,  467. 
Drymaria,  210,  253. 

conlata,  25.3. 

crassifolia,  254. 

crassijoliii,  254. 

effusa,  254. 

Fciidleri,  2.53. 

yhnnlulosa,  253. 

hul(«teoides,  253. 

holosteoides,  254. 

nodosa,  254. 

polycarpoides,  254. 

spergiiloide.s,  254. 

teuella,  254. 

Veatcliii,  254. 

viscosa,  254. 
Dryopetalon,  104,  150. 

runcinatuiii,  150. 
Dri/o/iitaluin,  150. 
Dutchmau's  Breeches, 95. 
Dwarf  xMallow,  298. 

Sumach,  384. 
Dyer's  Rocket,  188. 

Weed,  188. 

Early  Winter  Cress,  150. 
Ebrdxis  vir/jalti,  215. 
E/aj>/in'iim,':iSO. 
ELATINACE^E,  280. 
Elatine,  281. 
Elatine,  282. 

Americana,  281. 

brachysperma,  281. 

Califoruica,  282. 

Clinloniana,  281. 

Hydropiper,  282. 

minima,  281. 

Texana,  282. 

triandra,  281. 
Ekitinclla,  282. 
Eiidurandia  Texana,  337. 
EUsanthe  Drummondii,  225. 

Scouleri,  224. 
Elk- wood,  61. 
Ellimia  ruderalis,  188. 
Elodea,  284,  291. 

campanitlata,  291. 

petiolata,  291. 

tubidosa,  291. 

Virqinica,  291. 
Elodes,  284. 

campanulatit,  291. 

petiolata,  291. 


Virginica,  291. 
Emelila  ramulosa,  389. 
Em/)leiirosiiiti,  441. 
Eiidotropis  olei folia,  408. 
Erie  ml  on,  40. 

hitcruatiun,  40. 
Enm  pta  atomaria,  390. 

coriacea,  390. 

nii/ricoidt s,  390. 
Epapulosa,  261. 
Epimedium  hexandnim,  71. 
Erantliis,  2,  42. 

hyemalis,  42,  463. 
Eriorephalns,  10. 
Krodiuiii,  357,  361. 

H.ilrys,  362. 

Calit'iirnicum,  362. 

( '(tlifitrnlcum,  .362. 

cicoiiium,  362. 

cicutarium,  362. 

macrophylluni,  361. 

malacholdes,  362. 

malacoides,  362. 

moscliatiun,  362. 

Texaniiin,  362. 
Erophila,  105,  106. 

Americana,  106. 

vulgaris,  106. 
Erucastrum  incanum,  134. 
Erysimum,  103,  142,  469. 
En/slmum,  134. 

Alliaria,  134,  135. 

arenicola,  144. 

Ar/cansanum,  144. 

asperum,  143. 

asiierum,  143,  144,  469. 

Barbarea,  149. 

Callforiilriim,  144. 

cajiltatiiiii,  144. 

chciranthoidcs,  143. 

clu'iiiintltoides,  143. 

elaliim,  143. 

gluberrimum,  138. 

fraiidiflurum,  144. 
icrarifollum,  143. 

inronspicnum,  143. 

insuhire,  144. 

Inticeolatiim,  143. 

lini/htium,  469. 

occidentale,  144. 

ojficirialr,  137. 

nrlcntale,  134. 

parvitloriim,  143,  469. 

parrijlorum,  143. 

per  fill  iatnm,  134. 

jiiiiiuilnm,  139. 

pumiliim,  144. 

jtygniivum.  145. 

rt'j)an(luin,  143. 

relrofractiiJii,  177. 

si/rticoliim,  143. 
Eschscholtzia,  84,  90,  467. 
Esclischoltzia,  82. 

amhigua,  91. 

/lM.s7(«(r.  91. 

ca;spitosa,  91. 

ccrsjiitosa,  92. 


Califonjica,  90. 

Valifornirii,  91.  92. 

Califuruiruui,  90. 

com/Kicta,  90. 

crofv-ri,  90. 

nicullata,  90. 

Pouglusii,  91.  9a. 

t Ugans,  91. 

glaiirii,  90. 

j^lv|)t.isp<Tma,  92. 

h,]l„r„ld,s,  91. 

Lcmnioiii,  92. 

Irfilmidnt,  90. 

maritiiiia,  91. 

.M.xicaiia,  91. 

miniititlora,  92. 

wo(/.  .s7,i,  92. 

I'arishii,  92. 

pcninsularis,  91. 

raniosa,  91. 

rlininliiiK-tala,  92. 

tcmiifidia,  92. 

Icuui/olia,  90,  91. 

temtisecta,  90. 
Esculiis,  446. 
Euasrulits,  446. 
EiKili/ssinu,  1 15. 
Euaiwmone,  9. 
Euarabis,  160. 
Encalandrinia,  269. 
Eucapnos,  95. 

eximius,  95. 
formosa,  95. 
Euceanothus,  409. 
Euclaytonia,  271,  272. 
Eucleome,  18.3. 
Euclisia,  168,  470. 
Euronilalia,  403. 
Eudianthe,  224. 
Eu/iibiscus,  333. 
Eulerhca,  192. 
Enliuum,  344. 
Euli/r/,„is,  225. 
Ei  M.\t,VK.»:,  295. 
Enmelochia,  340. 
Euoni/moides  snmdrns,  3QS, 
Euoiiymu-s,  395,  .396. 

aruminatiis,  397- 

altemifolins,  396. 

Americanus,  396. 

Americanus,  396,  S97 

angustifolius,  396. 

atropiirpuren.s  .397: 

alrofnirpurens,  397. 

Curolineiisis.  397. 

ciiuiatus,  397. 

Eiirojianis,  397. 

htt,n,,,luillu$,  397. 

mnricntus,  396. 

ohovatu.x.  397. 

<Mcidontali.>i,  397. 

Tarishii.  397. 

sarmeittnsus,  396. 

sempirvirens,  396. 
Euranunniliis,  24.  ■ 
Euro|)oan  Barl>crry,  68. 

Columbine,  42. 


488 


INDEX. 


Lime,  343. 
Euryanthe  Sckiedeana,  207. 
Eusapindits,  444. 
Eusilene,  214. 
Eusisynibrium,  137. 
Eustellaria,  232. 
Eiistreptanlhus,  168,  470. 
Euthehipodiu  m,  174. 
Eutrema,  102,  135, 
Eutrema,  140. 

arenicola,  136. 

Eilwardsii,  135. 

Esflisclioltziauuni,  135. 

Labradoricum,  135. 

Rossii,  146. 
Euvitis,  421. 
Evanoda,  319. 
Evening  Lychnis,  227. 
Everbearing  Grape,  421. 
Exotliea,  4:53,  444. 

oblongifolia,  445. 

paniculata,  445. 

Fagara,  374. 

Caroliniana,  374. 

coriacea,  375. 

/«WT,  375. 

fraxinifoUa,  374. 

lentiscifolia,  374. 

Pterota,  374. 
Fagouia,  353,  355. 

Californica,  355. 

Cal/fornica,  355. 
Fall  Grape,  425. 
False  Flax,  131. 

Mallow,  308. 

Mermaid,  363. 
Farsetia,  114. 

incana,  468. 
Fetid  Buckeye,  446. 

Hellebore,  42. 
Firaria,  20. 
FICOIDE.E,  256. 
Fire  Pink,  217. 
Firmiana  platanifoUa,  339. 
Flamnuda,  4. 
Flax,  344. 
Flcerkea,  358,  363. 

alba,  364. 

alba,  364. 

Douglasii,  364. 

lacustris,  363. 

Macounii,  363. 

palustris,  363. 

proserpinacoides,  363. 

rosea,  364. 

uliginosa,  363. 

versicolor,  364. 
Flowering  Wintergreen,  453. 
Flo\ver-of-anhour,  336. 
Forsellesia,  400. 

Nevadensis,  401. 

spinescens,  400. 
Fouquiera,  280. 
Fouquieria,  279,  280. 

spinosa,  280. 

spinosa,  280. 


splendens,  280. 
Fox  Grape,  429. 
Frangida,  406,  407. 

Californica,  408. 

Caroliniana,  407. 
fragdis,  407. 

Purshiana,  408. 
Fraukenia,  207. 

Bertereana,  208. 

grandifolia,  207. 

grand ijolia,  208. 

Jamesii,  208. 

latifolia,  207. 

Palmeri,  208. 

pulverulenta,  208. 
FRANKENLVCE^E,  207. 
Frankiinia,  293. 

Ahamaha,  293. 
Freniontia,  294. 

Californica,  294. 
Frenwntodendron  Californicum, 
French  Weed,  123.  [294. 

Fringed  Polvgala,  453. 
Fro.st  Grape',  422,  424. 
Frost-weed,  190. 
Fugosia,  337. 

Drummondii,  337. 

heterophglla,  338. 

sidfurea,  337. 
Fnmaria,  93. 

aurea,  97. 

Cucullaria,  95. 

eximia,  95. 

Jlacnla,  98. 
formosa,  95. 

fungosa,  93. 

glauca,  97. 

officinalis,  93. 

pallida,  95. 

paucijiora,  96. 

rec/a,  93. 

sempervirens,  97. 
FUMARLVCE^,  92,  467. 

Gaissenia  verna,  40. 
Galphimia,  350,  351. 

angustifolia,  351. 

lini folia,  351. 
Ganshlum,  106. 
Garden  Cress,  126. 

Poppy,  88. 
Gastrosilene,  214. 
Gastrostgla,  375. 
Gayoide's,  330. 
GERANIACE^,  357. 
Geranie^,  357. 
Geranium,  357,  358,  363. 

albiflornm,  359. 

atrum,  360. 

Bickmllii,  360. 

caspitose,  360. 

caespitosum,  359. 

Carolinianum,  360. 

colunibinuni,  360. 

dissectum,  360. 

dissect  urn,  361. 

erianthum,  358. 


erianthnn,  359. 

Freniontii,  359. 

Fremontii,  359,  360. 

Ilernandezii,  359. 

Ilookerianum,  359. 

incisum,  359. 

inodorum,  361. 

lanuguiostim,  360. 

maculatum,  358. 

7naculutum,  359. 

Mexicanum,  359. 

moUe,  361. 

parviHorum,  361. 

pentagijuum,  359. 

pilosuni,  360. 

pusillum,  361. 

Pyrenaicum,  361. 

retrorsum ,  360. 

Richardsonii,  359. 

Robertianum,  361. 

rotuudifolium,  361. 

Sibiricum,  360. 

viscosissimiim,  359. 
Girtanneria  alnifolin,  407. 

fraiiguloides,  407. 
Githago,'2'2S. 

seqetum,  228. 
G/a6ra,  436. 
Glade  Mallow,  307. 
Glaucium,  84,  90. 
Glaucium,  82. 

Jlavum,  90. 

Glaucium,  90. 

luteum,  90. 
Glinus,  256,  258. 
Glinus,  257. 

Cambessidesii,  258. 

dictammiides,  258. 

lotoides,  258. 

lotoides,  258. 

radiatus,  258. 
Globe-flower,  40. 
Glossopetalon,  396,  400. 

meionandriim,  401. 

Nevadense,  401. 

spinescens,  400. 
Glossopetalwn,  400. 
Gobernadora,  355. 
Golden-seal,  56. 
Gold-thread,  41. 
Gowiio,  337. 
Gordonia,  292. 
Gordotiia,  293. 

Altamaha,  293. 

Franklini,  293. 

Lasianthus,  293. 

Lasyanthus,  293. 

pubescens,  293. 

pyramidalis,  293. 
Gordoniew,  291. 
Gossvpium,  297,  338. 

Barbadense,  338. 

herbaceum,  338. 

reliqiosnm,  338, 

Thnrberi,  338. 
Gouania,  402,  419. 

Domingensis,  419. 


iNi)i;x. 


•ISU 


GOUANIE^,  402. 
Grape-viue,  420. 
Great  Cliickweed,  236. 
Green  Hellebore,  42. 
Greeresia  cleisocah/x,  331. 
Gre<,'gia,  103,  142,"  469. 

eainpurum,  142,  469 

aim/iiintm,  469. 

lineari  folia,  142. 
Greniera  JJoufjIasii,  244. 

tenella,  244. 
Guaiacitliuin,  356. 
Guaiacuin,  353,  356. 

angustifolium,  356. 

Coultcri,  356. 

parrijblittm,  356. 

Phmchoni,  356. 

sanctum,  356. 

Sloanei,  356. 

verticale,  356. 
Guajacuin,  356. 
Gum  Guaiacum,  356. 
Gumbo  Limbo,  380. 
GU TriFEK.E,  291. 
Gyminda,  395,  398. 
GymituUi,  399. 

Grisebachii,  399. 
Gymnogonia,  183. 
Gynandropsts,  183. 

palmipes,  183. 

pentaphijlla,  183. 

speciosa,  183. 

trii>hi//la,  183. 
Gvpsophila,  209,  212. 
(/ypsop/tild,  213. 

muralis,  212. 

paniculata,  212. 

Haenkea,  398. 
Halinnthus,  238. 
Ha/odes,  23. 
Hard  Maple,  438. 
Ilannala,  355. 
Heartsea.se,  204. 
Heartseed,  443. 
Hebeandra,  460. 
Hehecarpa,  449. 
Hebeclada,  450. 
Hedera  nrborea,  430. 

r/ninque folia,  431. 
Hedge  Mustard,  136,  137. 
Helianthemum,  189,  474. 
Ileliant/iemum,  192. 

Aldersonii,  191. 

arenicola,  190,  474. 

Canadense,  190,  474. 

Camtdense,  190. 

capitatum,  190. 

Caroliniaiium,  190. 

corvnil)osiiiii,  190. 

co/7///i/io.s»//(,  190. 

Grccuei,  191. 

majus,  190. 

Na,shi,  190,  474. 

occidi'utale,  191. 

polifoliiim,  190. 

ramulijlorum,  190. 


rosmarinifulinin,  190. 

sc'oparium,  191. 
Helielta,  370,  372. 

parvifulia,  372. 
IIei.i.kboiik.k,  2. 
Helleborus,  2.  42. 

fa'tidu.s,  42. 

hi/i'iii<dis,  42. 

niger,  42. 

trifolins,  41. 

viridi.s,  42. 
Hepatica,  1,  13. 

acuta,  14. 

acutiloba,  14. 

.^1/H('ri'ca;ia,  14. 

Ilepatica,  14. 

triloba,  13. 
Herb  Hol)ert,  361. 
Herbemoiit,  428. 
Hercules  Club,  374. 
Hermanuia,  339. 

pauciHora,  340. 

Te.xaua,  339. 
Hekm.vxxik.i:,  339. 
Herodium,  362. 
llesperakea,  307. 

malarhroidis,  307. 
Ilespprii/aiit/iiis,  174. 
Hesperis,  103,  142. 

Hooker  i,  145. 

matroiialis,  142. 

matronulis,  174. 

Menzirsii,  152. 

w/;iima,  145. 

P(///(/.s//,  143,  145. 

pinnatijidd,  150. 

pyi/iiKia,  145. 

sca/iiqera,  152. 
Hcsperolinon,  344,  348. 
Ileterodnilia,  106. 

unilateyalis,  106. 
Heteromeris,  189. 

cymosa,  190. 

poll  folia,  190. 
HeUrothrix,  178. 
HiBiscE.E,  297. 
Hibi.scus,  297,  333. 

aculeatus,  335. 

ulthea-folius,  333. 

afjuatirus,  336. 

liancrof\innus,  333. 

bl septus,  3;)4. 

Viilifornicus,  335. 

cardiophyllus,  334. 

Carolinianus,  336. 

cocci)ieus,  336. 

Collinsiamt,  ,336,  337. 

Coultcri.  334. 

cli/pe„tus,  333. 

deiiu.latus,  334. 

Wa/((.s-,  .337. 

escnlentus,  .337. 

Fl,iriilat,us,  333. 

funellatus,  335. 

graiidiriorus.  335. 

(jnindiflonis,  335. 

hastatus,  336. 


incanuH,  .3.36. 

/./ i/.v,  .336. 

lai«i<M-ar]><M,  .'i.3.'t. 

lasiorurpun,  .335. 

Maniliot,  .•W7. 

militurit,  .336. 

Mowheiit<»H,  .3.35. 

Mosr/ititlos.  .335,  .33& 

pallidus,  330. 

pidmtris,  .'1.35,  3.16. 

pentasiHrrmiis,  .3.3.3. 

•/'"■/'/".'/".  333. 

jtojiulitruM,  .3.37. 

ribi/olius,  334. 

rifHiriug,  336. 

UosaSinensiH,  336. 

roseus,  3.36. 

scalier,  .3.35. 

semilolxiliis,  336. 

smilacifolius,  3.33. 

8j>eriosus,  336. 

«/^»ni'/er,  331. 

Syriacus,  .3.34. 

tiliaceus,  .337. 

triouum,  336. 

trunratus,  333. 

tubijiorus,  333. 

Vinjiiticus,  3.33,  .336. 
l/lerop/iifllits  Cd.ssiiit,  389. 
High  .Mallow,  298. 
llirioi  ASTAXK.t;,  4.34. 
//ilijiiiiastaniim,  446. 
Hippocratea,  396,  401. 

ovata,  401. 
HiPPOCKATK.K,  .396. 
Hiraja,  350,  351. 

macroptera,  35 1 . 

sepleutrioiinlis,  .35 1. 
Hog  I'lum,  381,  .394. 
Hoiacantha,  377,379. 

Emorvi,  379. 
Holly,  388. 
Ilolopetalum,  188. 
Holosteum,  209,  228. 

succulentuui,  232. 

nmbellatum,  228. 
Ilonckenya,  238. 

oblowiif'lia,  239. 
Ilonkeni.o,' i.iS. 

peploidis,  238,  239. 
Hop-tree,  372. 
Horned  l*opj)y,  90. 
Horse-idiestHUt,  446. 
Horse-radish,  146. 
Horsfonlia,  296,  318. 

alata,  318. 

Ncwl>errvi,  318. 
Hu<lsonia,  189.  191,  474. 

ericoidcs,  191. 

ericoidts,  191. 

montana,  191,  474. 

yullatlii,  191. 

tomentosa,  191. 
Ilunnrmiinnia,  84. 

HlNVKMAXM.K,  84. 

Hmitsinairs  Cup,  SO. 
llutchinsia  calycma,  136. 


490 


INDEX. 


procumbens,  1.31. 
Hybuntlius,  205. 
Hydrastis,  3,  56. 
liydraslis,  18. 

Canadensis,  56. 

Canadensis,  18. 

Carolinensis,  18. 
Hydroi)eltis,  74. 

pulla,  74. 

purpurea,  74. 
Hydrophyllum  veruin,  56. 
Hymenolobect,  131. 
Hymenolubus,  130. 

divaricatus,  131. 

erect  us,  131. 

pubens,  131. 
Hvpelate,  434,  445. 
Jiypelate,  445. 

paniculatn,  445. 

trifuliata,  445. 
HYPKRICACE.E,  282. 
Hypericum,  283,  284. 
ilyperkum,  283,  284. 

acutifolium,  288. 

adpressum,  287. 

adpressum,  287. 

ambiyuum,  286. 

amcenum,  286. 

auagalloides,  289. 

anayalloides,  290. 

angulosum,  288. 

ascyroides,  285,  286. 

Ascvron,  284. 

uspalathoidi-s,  286. 

aureum,  286. 

axillare,  286,  291. 

BonapartecF,  287. 

boreale,  290. 

bracteatum,  289. 

Buckleii,  285. 

Buckleyi,  286. 

campanulatum,  291. 

Canadense,  290. 

Canadense,  290. 

cistifolium,  287. 

cistifolium,  287. 

concinnum,  289. 

corymbosum,  288. 

deusiflorum,  285. 

densiftorum,  285. 

dolabriforme,  287. 

Drummondii,  290. 

elatum,  284. 

ellipticum,  287. 

emarginatum,  291. 

fasciculatum,  286. 

fasciculatum,  285,  286. 

fastiyiatum,  287. 

formosum,  289. 

formosum,  289. 

frondosum,  286. 

galioides,  286. 

galioides,  285,  286. 

gentianoides,  291. 

glaucum,  286. 

graveolens,  289. 

gyinnanthum,  290. 


gymnanthum,  290. 
'tied y(jti folium,  288. 
Japoiucum,  289,  290. 
Kaliiiiauuin,  285. 
Kalmiaiiuiii,  285. 
Lasiaiil/ius,  293. 
lobocarpuni,  285. 
labor arpum,  285,  286. 
macrocarpum,  285. 
luaoulatuni,  288. 
iiiiijns,  290. 
mirrantltum,  288. 
niicrosepaluin,  284. 
microsepalum,  283. 
Moranense,  290. 
niutilum,  289. 
juutilnm,  289,  290. 
niyrtifoliuin,  286. 
ni'tidum,  286. 
nudicaule,  290. 
uudifioruni,  287. 
opacuni,  287. 
paludosum,  291. 
parvijlorum,  289. 
pauciflorum,  290. 
perforatum,  288. 
perforatum,  289. 
petiolatum,  291. 
pilosum,  288. 
procumbens,  287. 
prolificum,  285. 
prolijicum,  285,  286. 
punctatum,  288. 
punctulosum,  287. 
pyramidatum,  285. 
(juinquenervium,  289. 
rosmarinifolium,   285,    286, 
Sarothra,  291.  [287. 

Scouleri,  289. 
sessilijlorum,  286. 
setosum,  284,  288,  291. 
simplex,  288. 
spheerocarpon,  287. 
sphcerocarpum,  287. 
stellar ioides,  289. 
tetrapetalum,  284. 
thesiifolium,  290. 
tripllnerve,  284. 
tubulosum,  291. 
virgatum,  288. 
Virginicum,  291. 
Virginicum,  288. 

/Aeris,  123. 
Ice  Plant,  261. 
/(//•/a,  280. 
Ilex,  388. 

CBstivalis,  389. 

ambigua,  389. 

a>n/)/7«a,390. 

Amclanchier,  390. 

Amelanchicr,  390. 

angustifolia.  389. 

Canadensis,  391. 

Caroliniana,  389. 

Cnssenn,  389. 

Cassine,  388. 


Cassine,  388,  389. 

cassinoides,  389. 

coriacea,  390. 

L)uhuon,  388,  389. 

decidua,  389. 

decidua,  39 1 . 

delicatula,  391. 

rfMi/a,  390. 

Fluridana,  389. 

glabra,  390. 

la;vigata,  391. 

lanceolata,  391. 

laurifolia,  389. 

ligustrifoha,  389. 

ligustrina,  389. 

lougipes,  389. 

lucida,  390. 

mollis,  390. 

montana,  390. 

monticola,  390. 

monticola,  390. 

Myrsinites,  398. 

myrtifolia,  389. 

opaca,  388. 

prinoides,  389. 

Prionites,  389. 

quercifolia,  388. 

ramulosa,  389. 

religiosa,  389. 

rosmarinifolia,  389. 

verticillata,  391. 

verticlllata,  391. 

yomitoria,  389. 
TFrt^son/ana,  389. 
Ilicioidts,  391. 

mucronata,  391. 
Illicium,  58. 

Floridanum,  59. 

parvifiorum,  59. 
Impatiens,  358,  368. 

aurea,  369. 

biflora,  369. 

/«/('a,  369. 

macnlata,  369. 

nolitangere,  369. 

nolitangere,  369. 

pallida,  369. 
Indian  Chickweed,  257. 

Mallows,  327. 

Physic,  60. 
Ingenhouzia,  297,  338. 

triloba,  338. 
Inkberry,  390. 
lodanthus,  104,  1.50. 

hesperidoides,  150. 

linearifolius,  174. 

pinnatifidus,  150. 
lonidium,  195,  205,  475. 

concolor,  204. 

fruticulosum,  205. 

gracile,  205. 

lineare,  205. 

parictariicfolium,  205. 

polygalffifolium,  205,  475. 

riparium,  205. 

Sprengelianum,  204. 

stipulareum,  205. 


IXDKX. 


4'Jl 


strlctum,  204. 

Krameria,  449. 

Isomeric,  180,  181. 

Knmlieuia,  22. 

:irlK)rea,  181. 

('i,oli;ia'.  23. 

/.■«>j,/,,//(nm,  28;!,  284. 

Iiijstiicida,  22. 

Drummondii,  284. 

Isopynim,  2,  40. 

Larathia  Jtorida,  293. 

"biteriiatuin,  40. 

l.ace-p«d,  114. 

Clarhti,  41. 

Iaiiii/)!  lia,  257. 

Ilallii,  41. 

Lundnkiii,  431. 

occideutale,  40. 

/.</m/-//,431. 

stipitatum,  41. 

Larhrc'i,  232. 

thuticlroides,  40. 

ai/iiulini,  232. 

tri folium,  41. 

uliiiinosa,  234,  235. 

Ilea  Vyrilla,  393. 

Lardizubaleih,  66. 

Larkspur,  45. 

Jacksonia,  182. 

Larrea,  3.53,  355. 

Jamaica  Sumach,  382. 

dirarirala,  356. 

Jaiiiisia,  :\:a),  351. 

Illiilniosa,  355. 

Califuniica,  351. 

Mcxicana,  355. 

gracilis,  351. 

Mesiraiia,  356. 

Japanese  Creeper,  431. 

trideulula,  356. 

Ivy,  431. 

Lasianthns,  293. 

Jeffcrsotiia,  67.  71. 

Laurel,  59. 

linrtimis,  72. 

Luunis  Winterana,  206. 

l.inata,  71. 

Lavatera,  295,  299. 

dii>/,yl!a,  71,72. 

arvrlfolia,  299. 

duhia,  71. 

assurgeulitlora,  299. 

lohatii,  72. 

iusularis,  300. 

odiiraht,  1'2. 

occidentalis,  300. 

Jew.-l-weed,  368. 

tiiimsliis,  299. 

Jointed  Cliarlock,  132. 

vcnosa,  300. 

Jtdiuna,  372. 

Leather  Howcr,  5. 

Leather-leaf  Grape,  429. 

Kale,  133. 

Lcavenworthia,  104,  152. 

Kcdislntmia,  353,  354. 

aurea,  152. 

hrarlii/stylis,  354. 

aurea,  153. 

Ca/i/bniica,  354. 

Miciiauxii,  152. 

rjrandijiora,  355. 

Mirhauxii,  152. 

mii.rima,  354. 

stylosa,  152. 

Kiiiiipiudiinia  f'raxinifolia,  374. 

torulosa,  152. 

Karwiiiskia,  402,  40.5. 

unljiora,  152. 

(ij/i Ill's,  405. 

Lechea.  189,  192,  474. 

hiiii flora,  405. 

divaricata,  192. 

(/Idiidnlosn,  405. 

Drummondii,  194. 

lluniliuldtiaua,  405. 

IhHmimmdii,  192. 

Ketmia,  334. 

intermedia,  193,  474. 

KitaiMia,  295. 

juniperina,  474. 

Koeberliuia,  377,  379. 

Loggettii.  193. 

spinosa,  379. 

major,  192. 

Kohlrabi,  133. 

wia/w,  190. 

Konig,  115. 

maritima,  192. 

Konlya,  115. 

minor,  192. 

miiritima,  115. 

w/nor,  192,  193. 

Kosti'letzkva,  297,  332. 

mucronata,  192. 

alt licei folia,  333. 

.Vorrr  Tfrsorert',  192. 

altheiefolia,  333. 

patula,  194. 

althenefolia,  333. 

racemulosa,  193. 

Coulteri,  332. 

rarfiniilosa,  194. 

digitata,  332. 

stricta,  193. 

haslata,  333. 

striiia,  474. 

hispidula,  332. 
palmata,  332. 

tenuifolia,  193. 

thesioldis,  193. 

panicuhita,  332. 

t/ii/wi/hlia,  192,  193. 

swilacifolia,  333. 

T;)rreyi,  194. 

Thurheri,  332. 

r/7/o.s<(",  192. 

Virginica,  3.33. 

Lechldium,  192,  194. 

Viryliiica,  333. 

Drummoudii,  194. 

A*«i,  420. 

Lemon,  376. 

Lena  Aniaiilla,  69. 

Lo  Noir,  42H. 

LfOiiticr  thidirtroidei,  70. 

irifhiflla,  7 1 . 
Leimi.ink.*:.  I(K). 
Lepidiuin,  101,  124,  468. 

ulynsoidtrs,  125. 

a|i<:taluni,  127. 

bt[>iiiriatilidiiin,  128. 

C'difoniirum.  127. 

lamjR-xtre,  126. 

corymliiisnm,  1 25. 

dictyotum,  129. 

didi/mitm,  130. 

Draba,  124. 

tlaviim,  125. 

Fremonlii,  126. 

heterujihiilhtin,  125. 

//>er/s,  126. 

inrisum,  127. 

intcgrifolium,  125. 

in/i'/iif'oliuiii,  125. 

iut,rm,diiim,  127. 

Jaredi,  124. 

la.siocar|)Um,  128. 

Uisiornrjiiirii,  127. 

latipes,  129. 

leiorarpiim,  128. 

majus,  126. 

medium.  127,  468. 

.Menziesii,  127,  468. 

^t,nziesii,  128. 

inicmntliuiii,  127. 

niontanum,  125. 

inontaiium,  125. 

nauuni,  124. 

uitiduni,  128. 

occidvnlale,  127. 

Orei/auiim,  129. 

o.xycarpum,  129. 

oryrarpniii,  129. 

jinirumhi'iis,  1.31. 

ruderale,  128. 

ruderale,  127,  128. 

sativum,  126. 

sativum,  155. 

scopulorum,  125. 

Smilhii.  126. 

sordidum,  128. 

spatulalnm.  125. 

striituin.  129.468. 

trimii/nim,  126. 

L'tafunse,  126. 

('lal,ri,„s,;  125. 

\'irginiium,  126. 
]'iiiiiiiirum,  127,  128. 
]\'ri(]hli,,  128. 
Lepiponum,  2.50. 

Vhilrtise,  253. 

prarile.  251. 

marriAhrcum,  253. 

marinnm,  252. 

vudium.  252. 

ruhrum,  2.50. 

sallnum,  252. 


492 


INDEX. 


tenue,  251. 
Leptrina,  272. 

autnmnalis,  281. 
Lesquerella,  100,  116. 
Lesijuerellu,  121. 

alpiua,  117. 

augustifolia,  120. 

arctica,  120. 

argyrea,  120. 

jVrizonica,  117. 

aiiriculata,  1 16. 

Berlamlieri.  118. 

cinerca,  1 18. 

densiriura,  116. 

Uouglasii,  118. 

Eugelniaiiiii,  120. 

Feudlori,  120. 

globosa,  118. 

Goidoni,  120. 

gracilis,  119. 

grauditiora,  116. 

Kiiigii,  117. 

laj^iucarpa,  116. 

Lescurii,  116. 

Liiidiieiineri,  119. 

Ludoviciaiia,  118. 

nioutaua,  117. 

^iuttallii,  119. 

occidentalis,  117. 

pallida,  119. 

Palmeri,  118. 

purpurea,  119. 

recurvata,  119. 

repauda,  119. 

AVardii,  118. 
Lewisia,  263,  266. 

alba,  267. 

brachycalyx,  267. 

brachi/r/rli/x,  267. 

Colunil)iana,  269. 

Cotyledon,  268. 

Howellii,  268. 

Kelloggii.  267. 

Leana,  269. 

Nevadensis,  268. 

oppositifolia,  268. 

pygma^a,  268. 

rediviva,  267. 

triphylla,  269. 

'i'weedyi,  268. 
Lignum-vitJB,  356. 
Lime,  .376. 
Lime-tree,  343. 
LlMNANTHE^,  358. 
Limnanthemum  peltatum,  74. 
Limnanthes,  363. 

alba,  364. 

Doufjlasii,  364. 

(frandiflorus,  364. 

Macounii,  363. 

pumila,  364. 

rosea,  364. 

snfphureiis,  364. 
Limnia,  272,  273. 

alsinoides,  273. 

perfoli'ata,  274. 

Sibirica,  273. 


LIXACE.E,  344. 
Linastntm,  345. 
Linden, 343. 
Liuuni,  344. 

adenophyllum,  348. 

aniiiuim,'347. 

aristatuin,  347. 

Bereudieri,  347. 

Berlaudieri,  347. 

Bootii,  347. 

Buottii,  346. 

Breiceri,  349. 

Califoruicum,  349. 

catiiarticum,  346. 

Clevelandi,  349. 

cougestuni,  349. 

decuneiis,  345. 

digynum,  348. 

drymarioides,  348. 

Floridanum,  345. 

Greggii,  346. 

hudsotiioides,  348. 

humile,  345. 

Kingii,  .346. 

Lewisii,  345. 

Li/allanuin,  345. 

mifranthum,  349. 

niulticaule,  348. 

Keo-Mexicanum,  346. 

pereiijie,  345. 

rigidum,  347. 

rigidum,  348. 

rupestre,  346. 

San  Sabeanum,  194. 

Schiedeanum,  346. 

Sibiricum,  345. 

simplex,  346. 

spergulinum,  349. 

striatum,  346. 

sulcatum,  347. 

trisepalum,  191. 

usitatissimum,  345. 

tisitatissimum,  345. 

Virgiuianum,  345. 

Virglniamnn,  345,  346. 
Liriodendron,  58,  61. 

Tulipifera,  61. 
Lithraa,  381. 

lanrina,  383. 
Liverleaf,  13. 
Lobadlum,  383,  384.  385. 

amentaceum,  386. 
LohloUv  Bay,  292,  293. 
Lobularia,  100,  115. 

TTiaritima,  115. 
Lojflingia.  210,  255. 

pusilla,  255. 

squarrosa,  255. 

stpiarrosa.  255. 

Texana.  255. 
Lychnis,  209,  224,  228. 
Lychnis,  213. 

arntiJis   216. 

affinis,  226. 

A  janrnsis,  226. 

alha.  227. 

alpina,  227. 


apetala,  226. 

apttala,  225,  226. 

Californica,  222. 

Chalcedouica,  227. 

coronaria,  227. 

dioica,  227. 

dioica,  227. 

diiirna,  227. 

Drumniondii,  225. 

elatu,  223,  224. 

rios-cuculi,  227. 

fri(/ida,  226. 

GithafjO,  228. 

Kingii,  226. 

Kimjii,  226. 

montana,  226. 

montana,  226. 

nuda,  220. 

Parri/i,  222. 

pancijlora,  225. 

pulchra,  218. 

Suecica,  227. 

Taylorae.  225. 

tritiora,  225. 

trijiora,  226. 

vespertina,  227. 
Lyrocarpa,  100,  122. 
Lyrucarpa,  121. 

Coulteri,  122. 

Palmeri,  122. 
Lytopleura,  75. 

Macrobotrys,  54. 
Macropodium  laciniatum,  177. 
Macrothyrsus,  446,  448. 
Macrotrys,  54. 

actiKoides,  54. 
Marrotiis,  54. 
Magnolia,  58,  59.  464. 

acuminata,  61,  464. 

acuminata,  61. 

auricutaris,  60. 

auriculata,  60. 

consi)icua,  59. 

cordata,  61. 
fatida,  59. 

fragrans,  60. 

Fraseri,  60. 
frondosa,  61. 

fuscata,  59. 

glauca,  59,  464. 

glauca,  60. 

grandiflora,  59. 

Jonyi folia,  60. 

macropliylla,  60. 

obovata,  59. 

purpurea,  59. 

pyramidatn,  60. 

tripe.tala,  60. 

Umbrella,  60,  464. 

Virginia,  61,  464. 

Virqiniana,  59,  60,  464. 
MAGNOLIACE.^,  57,  464. 
Magnoi.ik^,  58. 
M.'ihogany,"387. 
MaboganV-tree,  387. 
i1/«/iOHm,"68. 


INDEX. 


493 


Aquifolium,  69,  70. 
fasr.icnUtrls,  69. 
glumacea,  70. 
nercosa,  70. 
tri folia,  68. 
Maideii  Pink,  211. 
Mulache  srubra,  331. 
Malm-hid,  232. 

a(jnatira,  232. 
^fal(l(•/tium  aquaticum,  232. 
Mulachodendron,  292. 
ovatiiin,  292. 
peiitagi/num,  292. 
Maliiohra,  "296,  330. 
alceiEfolia,  330. 
alceifolia,  330. 
capi'tata,  330. 
cajiilatu,  330. 
Mexicana,  331. 
palmata,  330. 
rotund i folia,  330. 
triloba,  330. 
Mren.s,  330. 
Malacodendron,  292. 
Mallow,  297. 
Malope  malacoides,  295. 
Malope.*;,  295. 
Malosma,  383. 
Malpij^liia,  350,  351. 
f;;lal)ra,  351. 
/»rH/a,  350. 
MALPIGIIIACE.E,  350. 
Malva,  295,  297. 

abiitiloides,  333. 
acerifolin,  317. 
Alcea,  298. 
u4/fea,  298. 
Americana,  309. 
awfustifolia,  316. 
aurantiaca,  310. 
borfali.%  298,  299. 
Calif ornica,  321. 
Cantliniana,  318. 
coccinea,  313. 
corc/i  on  folia,  309. 
Coiomandeliana,  309. 
Creeana,  314. 
crispa,  298. 
digitata,  301. 
Domint/cnsis,  309. 
_/asc(c«/«^f(,312. 
hederarea,  321. 
Hout/litonii,  300. 
involitcrata,  301. 
LeCoutii,  331. 
Lindheimeriana,  309. 
lineariloha,  301. 
mulachroidcs,  307. 
moschata,  298. 
moschata,  298. 
Mnnroana,  315. 
Nicaensis,  299. 
Nutlalloides,  301. 
o6^/S(»,  298. 
ovafa,  309. 
Prt//«rfr.  301. 
parviHora,  298, 


jmrvi flora,  298. 
ptda'ta,  3(tl. 
/</,'■„/„,  :J2I. 

liol,/sl.ir/,,pi,  309. 

pusilla,  298. 

rirnlaris,  317. 

rotumlifolia,  298. 

riituudil'olia,  298. 

SCO/HI  rid,  309. 

spin  ltd,  .■}09. 

sHl>/ids(d/d,  309. 

sylvostri.s,  298. 

triaiiiptlald,  300. 

tricimpiddld,  309. 

verticillata,  298. 
MALVACK.E,  294. 
Malva.strum,  296,  308. 

al)()ri{^iiiuin,  311. 

Americuiium,  309. 

aiigustuni,  308. 

aniiatum,  311. 

anraiitiacnm,  310. 

(■((lijrinHin,  317. 

Cdrpiiilfnlium,  309. 

cocciiifuni,  313. 

corciiieiiiii,  314. 

coromandrlidnuiii,  309. 

Coulleri,  313. 

Davidsonii,  312. 

den.sirtoruin,  310. 

exile,  .308. 
fusriciildfum,  312. 
foliosum,  311. 

Freinoiitii,  311. 

Freiiioiilii,  312. 

(jriissitlaria- folium,  314. 

iiivulucratum,  310. 

lcpt.,|ilivlluni,  310. 

I.uidliii'meridnum,  309. 

linidrif,llnm,  323. 

iiiarniliioides,  311. 

marniluoidrs,  311. 

J//(/(r'/ri;n//«,  315. 

iit'siiiticiim,  312. 

.irl)i(iilatuin,  313. 

I'aliiieri,  310. 

I'arryi,  308. 

peddtijidnm,  314. 

roliindifiiliniii,  308. 

Uiii!;<dii,  309. 

st<)i)ariuin,  .309. 

.spiciituin,  .309. 

splcuilidnm,  .312 

'riinriieri,312. 
77,»;-/„',-,,  312. 

triciispiddtiim,  309. 

Wrigiitii,  309. 
^fdlravisroid,'S.  .333. 
Malvaviscus,  297,  .332. 
J/a/i«(vs<Hs,  .331,  337. 

Druniniondii,  332. 

Floridnnus,  334. 

wo///.'i,  3.32. 

pilosus,  334. 
Malve.k,  295. 
Malveopsis,  308. 

.^Hie/icana,  309. 


arntata,  311. 

aiiraiilidcd,  310. 

cocciiiai,  .'113. 

Vouileri,  313. 

/•i-iV/ji,  30H. 

fisriciildla ,  3 1 2. 

J-'rriiiuiili,  .31  I. 

Itispidd,  30'J 

hplojiluflid,  310. 

wdrnibioid.  ^,  Ml. 

uiidli/toriiiii,  .313. 

Mnuroiiua,  315. 

rotundifolia,  .308. 

spicdli'i,  309. 

splftididn,  312. 
Malvinda,  323. 

unicornis.  324. 
Maiidrak.-,  72. 
.M:iii«(),  3H1. 
.M.nuUot,  330. 
.Maple,  4.35. 

.\ldrr„r<'lla  rolubrina,  418, 
Mar.Hh  Mallcnv,  299. 

.NLarigold,  39. 
Mjustictree,  380. 
Mav-apjile,  72. 
M;V}  teiiu.-<,  395,  .398. 

pliyllantlioidejs,  398. 
Meadow-rue,  14. 
Meconilld,  84,  85. 

Cdlifornica,  85. 

dentirulata,  85. 

Oreijana,  85. 
Mecoiiopsis,  83,  89. 

erdssifjlid,  89. 

d,p/n'/ild,  89. 

liet.Tophylla,  89. 

/"7<W((r</,".S9. 
Meldndrinm,  213,  225. 

ajjine,  226. 

ruhrum,  227. 

silrestre,  227. 

tri/lonini,  225. 
il/e/«He/ry«m,2l3,  214,  224,  225 

a//.«m,  227. 

apetahtm,  226. 


ajtctalum,  226. 
lidldwini,  216. 


liolandiri,  218. 

Californirum,  218. 

(j'regpii,  218. 

IIo6keri,  218. 

I/liuoinst;  217. 

inrolucratinn,  226. 

Idfiniatum,  218. 

I'tnn.^ylrdnirum,  217. 

m/ (■«;«.  217. 

rolnndil'iilinm.  217. 

Wriqhtii,  218. 
Melia.  387. 

Azedaradi,  .387. 

Azedrrach,  444. 
MKLIACK.K,  .387. 
.Milirocca,  445. 

pdiiiculdld,  445. 
.UWi/.A/«-rt,  313. 
MeKH-liia,  .33'.i.  340. 

omliori folia,  341. 


494 


INDEX. 


crenata,  340. 
hirsuta,  340. 
hirsuta,  340,  341. 
pyraniidata,  340. 
senuta,  309,  340. 
tomeutosa,  340. 
MENLSl'EKMACE.E,  64, 465. 
Weuispennum,  65,  465 
anfftihifum,  66. 
CaiiaUeuse,  66,  465- 
Caiuliuianum,  65. 
Carolinum,  65. 
Lyoni,  66. 
smilacinum,  66. 
Vir(/inicum,  65. 
Alenyaiithes  ni/wphoides,  74, 

peltala,  74. 
Merckia,  238,  239. 
physodes,  239. 
Merimea  Teraua,  282. 
Merkia,  238,  239. 
Mesembrianthemum,  260. 
Meskmbryanthe^,  257. 
Me.seml)ryaiithemuin,  257. 
Meseinbryanthemum,  260. 
aequilaterale,  261. 
apela/uin,  261. 
coccineum,  261. 
coptlrnin,  261. 
cord i folium,  261. 
crystallinuin,  261. 
dnnld latum,  261. 
iiodiHornm,  261. 
steuum,  261. 
Metopium,  381,  382. 

Linmci,  382. 
Mexican  Buckeye,  445. 
Allcltauxia  sessilis,  293. 
Micropetalon,  232. 
(jramineitm,  233. 
lanceo/atuv),  23.^. 
lanuqinosum,  240. 
long'; folia,  233. 
Microriiamnus,  402,  404. 

ericoides,  404. 
Mignonette,  188. 
Milkwort,  449. 
Minunrtia,  238. 
Mwliola,  296,  318. 

Caroliniaiia,  318. 
mnltifida,  318. 
Mce/trinf/ia,  238. 

lateriflora,  238. 
macrojihylla,  238. 
umhrosa,  240. 

Moi,LUGINK.E,  256. 

Mollngo,  256,  257. 
Mollufjo,  257,  258. 

arenaria,  257. 

Camlifssedesii,  254. 

Cerviana,  257. 

(jlinoides,  258. 

mar  It  i  ma,  260. 

rndldta,  258. 

verticillata,  257. 

verlicillata,  254. 
Monkshood,  52. 


Monnina,  449,  460. 

Wrightii,  460. 
Monijcosiuia,  278. 
Minittcerdia,  398. 
Muiitia,  2G3,  272. 
Montia,  270,  277. 

arenicoia,  274. 

asarifolia,  273. 

bulbifera,  273. 

Chaniissonis,  275. 

dichotoma,  276. 

diffusa,  276. 

flagellaris,  276. 

foutaua,  277. 

gypsophiloides,  275. 

(jiipsophiloldes,  274. 

yya/Z/V,  277. 

Ilowellii,  276. 

lam/irosjierma,  277. 

linearis,  276. 

minor,  211. 

parviflora,  274. 

parvifolia,  275. 

perfcdiata,  274. 

rivularis,  277. 

7-|/6m,  275. 

sarmentosa,  272. 

saxosa,  274. 

Sibirica,  273. 

spatlmlata,  275. 

tenuifolia,  215. 
Montlast'rum,  276. 
MooDseed,  65. 
Moosewood,  436. 
Mortouia,  396,  400. 

e//i<sa,  400. 

Greggii,  400. 

Palmerl,  400. 

scabrella,  400. 

sempervireus,  400. 
Moss  Campion,  215. 
Moufieotia  hirsuta,  340. 
Mountain  Grape,  421,  425 

Holly,  391. 

Maple,  435. 

Plum,  394. 
Mouse-ear  Chickweed,  228, 

Cress,  140. 
Mousetail,  19. 
Mullein  Pink,  227. 
Muscailine  Grape,  420. 
Muscudlnia,  420. 
Musk  Mallow,  298. 

liose,  298. 
Mustang  Grape,  421,  428. 
Myagrum  argenteum,  118. 

paniculatum,  132. 
Mi/cinda,  399. 
Myginda,  399. 

aguijfolia,  399. 
iliclfolla,  399. 
inte'grifolia,  399,  404. 
latlfoila,  399. 
mi/rtl/olla,  398. 
pallens,  399. 
liliacoma,  399. 
Mylocarinm,  393. 


Mylocaryum,  393. 

ligustriuuin,  393. 
Myosoton,  232. 
Myomron,  19. 
Myosurus,  2,  19,  462. 

alopecuroides,  20. 

apetalus,  1 9,  462. 

ar  {status,  19. 

austral  is,  19. 

breviscapus,  19. 

cupulatus,  20. 

minimus,  19,  462. 

}iiiuimus,  19,  20. 

sessilis,  19. 

Shorlii,  19. 
Myriandra  brachyphylla,  286. 

galioides,  286. 

glauca,  286. 

ledifolia,  285. 

Mi'chauxii,  286. 

nitida,  286. 

spathulata,  285. 

Naiocrene,  275. 
Nankin  Cotton,  338. 
Napaja,  295,  307. 
dioica,  308. 

hermaphrodita,  307,  322. 

/cEivs,  322. 

scabra,  308. 
Nasturtium,  103,  146,  363,  470. 

amphibium,  147. 

Armoracia,  146. 

brevipes,  149. 

calycinum,  147. 

cernuum,  148. 

curvisiliqua,  148,  470. 

dictyotum,  149. 

hispidum,  148. 

lacustre,  146,  470. 

limostnn,  149 

linifolium,  138. 

lyratum,  148. 

jMenziesii,  139. 

Mexicanum,  149. 

micropetalum,  149. 

multijidum,  139. 

nutans,  146. 

obtusum,  148,  470. 

occidentale,  148. 

officinale,  146. 

officiiiale,  157. 

pahistre,  147,  149. 

jiolymorphum,  148. 

pumllum,  138. 

sessiliflorum,  149,  470. 

sinuatum,  147,  470. 

siuuatum,  148. 

sphferocar]>um,  1 48. 

sti/losum,  157. 

sylvestre,  147,  470. 

tanacetifolium,  148,  470. 

tanaretifoUum,  149. 

terrestre,  147. 

trnrhycarpum,  147. 

Tra//«i,  149. 
Nectris,  74. 


INDEX. 


405 


aquatica,  74. 

peiUttd,  74. 

pimtata,  .363. 
Negiindinm,  440. 

frarini folium,  440. 
Negundo,  4.3.'),  440. 

areroidi'S,  440,  441. 

Cdlij'oriiicum,  441. 

loha'tnm,  440. 

Mexlcdninn,  441. 

Nvqundo,  440. 

Irifol latum,  440. 
Ndumbium,  73,  74. 

codophyllum,  75. 

Jamaicense,  7.5. 

luteitin,  75. 

pentapetdlum,  75. 

reniforme,  75. 

speciosiim,  75. 
Nelumbo,  73,  74. 

lutea,  75. 

nucijlra,  74,  75. 
Nelumboke.e,  73. 
Nemallosis,  257. 
Nemopauthes,  391. 

ambiijiKi,  390. 

Canadensis,  391. 

fasricidaris,  391. 
Nemopanthiis,  388,  391. 

fascicularis,  391. 
Neobeckia  aquatica,  470. 
Nephropetalum,  339,  341. 

Pringlei,  341. 
Neslia,  101,  131. 

paniculata,  131. 
Neuroloma  nudicaule,  152. 

scapigerum,  152. 
New  Jersey  Tea,  409. 
New  Zealand  Spinach,  260. 
Noisettia  acuminata,  204. 
Norway  Maple,  435. 
Nuphar,  73,  77,  465. 

advena,  77,  465. 

advena,  77. 

advena  X  Kalmiana,  78. 

Americanum,  78. 

Fletcher! ,  78. 

Kalmiana,  78. 

long i folia,  79. 

/«/ea,  78. 

luteum,  77,  78. 

minimum,  78. 

polysepalura,  77. 

pumilum,  78. 

rubrodiscum,  78. 

sagittaefolium,  78. 

saqittil'ulium,  79. 
Nuttallia,'300,  391. 

Canadensis,  391. 

cordata,  301. 

cordifolia,  300. 

digitata,  301. 

grandijlorn,  301. 

involucrata,  301. 

malvw flora,  305. 

Munroana,  315. 

palmata,  301. 


Papaver,  301. 

pedala,  301,  302. 

triangnlata.  300. 
Xvnipluca,  73,  75,  465. 
S  ijniphii  a,  11 . 

adrenu,  11,  78. 

(i//«j.  76. 

ain])la,  75. 

arifolia,  78. 

t'legans,  75,  465. 

flava,  76. 

y/.irrt,  465. 

Kalmiana,  78. 

L,ib,'rqi,  76. 

longifoUa,  79. 

/H/f«,  78. 

Mtxicana,  75,  77,  465. 

mirroji/ii/lla,  78. 

N,h,mhn,  75. 

odorata,  76. 

odonild,  76. 

pentdpetala,  75. 

poli/sr/iala,  11. 

pi/gmna,  76. 

reniformis,  76,  465. 

reniformis,  75,  76. 

?-o,sm,  76. 

rubrodisca,  78. 

sagittdta,  79. 

sagittifilia,  79. 

tetragona,  76. 

^//,</-as7/,  76. 

tusslldt/ifolia,  11. 
NYMl'lLEACE.E,  72,465. 
NYMni.KACKA:,  73. 
N;jnipltosanthus,  77. 

Odostemon,  68. 
Oenoplea,  404. 
Oenoplia,  404. 
Ohio  Buckeye,  446. 
OA-ra,  337. 
OLACINE.E,  393. 
01igomeri.s,  188. 

dispersd,  188. 

glaucescens,  188. 

subuldta,  188. 
Opium  I'oppy,  88. 
Orange,  376. 
Orchidocarpum,  63. 

arietinum,  63. 

grandiforum,  63,  464. 

parvijiorurn,  63. 

pygnuFum,  64. 
Oreas  inrohtcrdta,  135. 
Oregon  Grape,  69. 
Oreobroma,  267. 

Columbiana.  269. 

Coti/ledon,  268. 

Ifowellii,  268. 

Leana,  269. 

Xevadtnsis,  268. 

opp<,sitif,lid,  268. 

pijgmaa,  268. 

tri/p/ii/lld,  269. 

Twredi/i,  268. 
Oreophila,  397. 


mifrtif<Jia,  .398. 
Orthodun,  229. 
<)ril,ojH-lalHm,:W2. 
Orl/io/Mjii/gatd,  453. 
O.x.vi.iuk.k,  358. 
( )xali.-',  358.  364. 

A(ot.)S4-lla,  367. 

Aolosrltn,  367. 

dmliigiid,  366. 

Amiricdud,  367. 

H.-rlandicri,  364. 

cernua,  36H. 

respitosd,  .366. 

cf>rniculata,  365. 

cornicnldtd,  365,  366 

cymosa,  .366. 

(lecaphylla.  368. 

dichondra-fidia,  364. 

iJillvnii,  365. 

divergeus,  .368. 

Drummimdii,  .368. 

Jloridd,  366. 

J'nrcald,  .365. 

granilis,  .366. 

Tatifulia,  368. 

longijiora,  367. 

Lijimi,  .366. 

marritntha,  366. 

Martiana,  367. 

viirrnphijlla,  366. 

()regan:^  367. 

Orei/ana,  .367. 

;)i/<J>v(.  366. 

pumila,  366. 

pusilla,  .365. 

recurva,  366. 

reri»n«,  366. 

stricta,  366. 

sr;iW</,  365.  366. 

SuL^dorfii,  366. 

trilliifolia,  367. 

fropiniliiidef!,  365. 

respertilionis,  368. 

vioL-H-ea,  367. 

rioldcm,  368. 

Wrightii,  .365. 
O-rygraphis,  20,  22. 

.4 «</'/■.«)»/,  22. 
Oxystvlis,  181,  186. 

lutea,  186. 

Pachistima.  395,  .397. 

Canhvi,  398. 

Myrsinitos,  397. 
Pachypodium,  137,  174. 

integri  folium,  176. 

larinialum,  177. 

lineari  folium.  174. 

Sdi/illatum,  175. 
Pacfii/rrhizea,  267. 
Pdchy.itimd,  397. 
Pajoiiia.  3,  56. 

Bnnvnii,  56. 

Calif, mica,  56. 
P.KOMK.t:.  3. 

Pironv.  56. 

Pale  'iTouch-me-not,  369. 


496 


INDEX. 


Paliurtis  Texanus,  403. 
Pausv,  204. 
Papaver,  83,  88. 

alpinum,  89. 

Argemoue,  88. 

Californicum,  88. 

criissij'oliiim,  89. 

dulriuin,  88. 

hetero/)lii/l/um,  89. 

Lt'mmnni,  88,  89. 

mici(>c(v/)um,  89. 

uudiiaule,  89. 

nil  (I  i  cattle,  89. 

KluBas,  88. 

soniniferum,  88. 
PAPAVEHACE.E,  82,  466. 
Papaveke^;,  82. 
Papaw,  62,  63. 
Papulosa,  261. 
Paradise-tree,  378. 
Paritiiim,  337. 

tiliaceum,  337. 
Parrasia,  142. 

camponiin,  142. 

lineiiri/olia,  142. 
Parrya,  104,  151. 
Parrya,  140,  151. 

arctica,  151. 

arenicola,  136. 

macrocarpa,  151. 

Menziesii,  152. 

nudicaiilis,  152. 
Parthenor.issus,  431. 

quinqiiffolia,  431. 

vitacea,  431. 
Paullinia,  432,  442. 
Pawa,  446,  447. 

atropiirpurea,  447. 

bicolor,  447. 

Callfornlcn,  448. 

cornea,  446. 

discolor,  447. 

/rtra,  447. 

/w/ya,  447. 

glabra,  446. 

hnmilis,  447. 

hybrida,  447. 

intermedia,  447. 

Lindleyana,  447. 

/?V('(/rt,  447. 

lurida,  447. 

Michaiixii,  447. 

mntnbilis,  447. 

ner/lecta,  447. 

Ohioensis,  446. 

pallida,  446. 

rubicunda,  446. 

versicolor,  447. 

.  VFn/.son/ana,  446. 
Willdenowiana,  447. 
Paviana  flavn,  447. 
Pavonia,"297,  331. 

Drummondii,  332. 

hastata,  .331. 

Jonesii,  331. 

lasiopetala,  331. 

LeContii,  331. 


racemosa,  331. 

sjiicatu,  331. 

spiuifex,  331. 

Vin/inica,  333. 

Wright  a,  331. 
Pearl  wort,  247. 
Pedimculosa,  308. 
Pegauum,  352,  353,  355. 

llarmala,  355. 

Mexicanum,  355. 

PELARCONIEiE,  357. 

Pelargonium,  357,  363. 

aiKcps,  363. 
Penny  Cress,  123. 
Pentagonocarpus,  332. 
Pentaspermum 

altltetefolinm,  333. 

smilaci/oliinn,  333. 
Peplis  Americana,  281. 
Peppergrass,  124,  126. 
Pepper-root,  153. 
Pepper-tree,  381. 
Pepper-wood,  374. 
Perjbnon  ferruginettm,  418. 

lauri/olium,  408. 
Peritoma,  183. 

aurea,  184. 

integrifolia,  183. 

serrulatum,  183. 
Pharnaceum  Cerviana,  258. 

maritimum,  260. 
Pheasant's-eye,  18. 
Phemeranthiis,  266. 

teretifolius,  266. 
Philetaria,  280. 
Pha;nicaidis,  152. 

cheiranthoides,  152. 

Menziesii,  152. 
Phoenicodelphis,  51. 
PAysa,  258. 

Physaria,  100,  121,468. 
Physuria,  116,  118. 

didymocarpa,  121,  468. 

didymocarpa,  468. 

Gey  en,  121. 

montanu,  1 17. 

Newberrvi,  121,  468. 

Oregona^  121. 
PHYSAUIE.E,  100. 
Phi/seli/tro»,  442. 
Picramnia,  377,  379. 

pentandra,  379. 
PiCRAMNIE.E,  377. 
Picrella,  372. 
Pigeon  Grape,  427. 
Pine-wood  Grape,  428. 
Pink,  211. 
Pinweed,  192. 
Pistacia  Mexicana,  381,  386 

Simariiba,  380. 
Pistacioides,  386. 
Pitavia,  375. 

dumosa,  375. 
Pitcher-plant,  79. 
Pitiiroxperma,  54- 
Plagiorhcgma  diibium,  71. 
Platypetalum,  140. 


ditbiiim,  140. 

}>iirjinrasif'ns,  140. 
Platy.«perniuin,  104,  151. 

scapigenini,  151. 
Platysteniou,  82,  84. 
Plati/stemon,  85. 

Californic'us,  84. 

Cali/hruiriis,  84. 

crinitiis,  84. 

dp7ittculatus,  85. 

leiocarpus,  84. 

linearis,  85. 

Oreganus,  85. 

Torreiji,  85. 

Pl.ATYSTEMONE.E,  82. 

Platystigma,  82,  84. 

Californicum,  85. 

denticulatum,  85. 

lineare,  85. 

Oreganum,  85. 
Podophyllum,  67,  72. 

callicarpum,  72. 

dipfiijllum,  72. 

montamim,  72. 

peltatum,  72. 
Poison  Bay,  59. 

Dogwood,  383. 

Elder,  383. 

Ivv,  382. 

Oak,  382,  383. 

Sumach,  383. 

Vines,  382. 
Poison-wood,  382. 
Polanisia,  180,  182. 

graveoleus,  182. 

tenuifolia,  182. 

trachysperma,  182. 

uniglandulosa,  182. 

unigtandulosa,  182. 

viscosa,  182. 
Pol tjcarpa,  254. 
Pat  year  pa  a,  255. 

POLYCARPE-*:,  210. 

Polycarpon,  210,  254. 

depressum,  255. 

stipuliridinn,  255. 

tetraphyllum,  254. 

unijiontm,  240,  254. 
Polygala,  449. 

acantliodada,  452. 

acutifotia,  459. 

alba;  455. 

a/6a,  454,  455. 

ambigua,  456,  457. 

Americana,  449. 

Arizonse,  451. 

.4?u'2onfc,  452. 

attenuata,  458,  459. 

Balduini,  459. 

Baldwini,  459. 

Baldwinii,  459. 

bicolor,  454,  455. 

Boykini,  454. 

Bo'ykinii,  454,  455. 

brevifolia,  458. 

buxifolla,  450. 

Californica,  452. 


INDEX. 


4U7 


Califomica,  452. 
Chaprnanii,  456. 
coniuta,  452. 
coryinhosa,  459. 
cruciata,  458. 
cruciula,  458. 
cucitllala,  449,  452. 
Curtissii,  456. 
cuspidata,  458. 
cymosa,  459. 
ci/mosa,  459. 
fastiqiata,  457. 
Fishia,  452. 
fiahellata,  451. 
gramlneifolia,  459. 
graudiflora,  450. 
grandi flora,  450. 
hemipterocarpa,  453. 
Hookeri,  457. 
incarnata,  455. 
leptocmdis,  455. 
leptostathys,  456. 
Lindheimeri,  451. 
Lindheimeri,  451. 
lutea,  459. 
/Mto7,  458. 
macradenia,  450. 
Mariaua,  457. 
Muhlenbergii,  450. 
myrtilloides,  450. 
nana,  458. 
Nutkana,  449. 
Nutkana,  452. 
NnUalli,  457. 
Nuttallii,  457. 
ovd/ijhlia,  450. 
ovatifolia,  450. 
paludosa,  455. 
jmnicu/ata,  455. 
paucifolia,  45.3. 
polygama,  453. 
pnetcrvisa,  454. 
Psendosener/a,  459. 
puberula,  450. 
pubescens,  450. 
pubescens  rosea,  450. 
purpurea,  453,  457. 
ramosa.  459. 
Reijnolds(€,  459. 
rubella,  454. 
Rugelii,  459. 
Rusbyi,  451. 
sanguiuea,  457. 
sanijuitiea,  457. 
scoparia,  453. 
scoparioides,  453. 
Senega,  454. 
Senega,  450,  454. 
setacca,  456. 
subalata,  455. 
subspiuosa,  452. 
Texensis,  451. 
Torrei/i,  457. 
Tweedy i,  451. 
uni flora,  453. 
vertieillata,  456. 
viridesce7is,  457,  458. 


POLYGALACK.E.  448. 

I'oplar,  lil. 

I'.-ppy,  88. 

Porcclia  ijrandi flora,  63,  464. 

puri-ijli>ra,\v>,  63. 

pi/i/miin,  64. 

^•iV«/ya,  63. 
Porlieria,  356. 

ani/nslif'olia,  356. 
Portulaca,  262,  263. 

coronata,  264. 

Joliosii,  264. 

graiidiHora,  264. 

haliinoides,  264. 

Iiiilimoidrs,  264. 

laiiceolata,  263. 

oleracea,  263. 

oleracea,  264. 

fianicnlata,  265. 

])arviila,  264. 

l)il.)sa,  264. 

7<//(AS7/,  264. 

Portulaatstrum,  259. 

rotusa,  263. 

stelliformis,  264. 

sulf'niliaci  IIS,  264. 
POKTULACACE.E,  262. 
'I'o.s.suin  (irai)e,  424. 
I'ost-oak  (irai)e,  428. 
Potamoplthiis,  281. 
Poverty  (ira-ss,  191. 
Preotianthns,  9. 
Prickly  Ash,  373. 

Poppv,  87. 
Pride  of  India,  387. 
Prinoides,  389. 
PriuDS,  390. 

ambitiuns,  390. 

rt^<w'(J;■|•t(.s  390. 

foH/(' »•/(«,  391. 

coriaceus,  390. 

deciduus,  389. 

diibius,  390. 

gluber,  390. 

Gronovii,  .391. 

integr  If  alius,  391. 

lar'ii/dtus,  391. 

lanceolata,  391. 

loiif/ipes,  391. 

lucidns,  390. 

padifolius,  391. 

rerl'icillatus,  391. 
Pseuda(fro.<!(emma,  227. 
Pseiidaphanostemma,  22. 
Pseudaraliis,  I  59. 
Psi'tidoarabis,  159. 
Psendn-Malvpstruin,  321. 
Pseudo-Xapiin,  322. 
Psilonema,  1 15. 
Ptelea,  370,  372. 

aiigmtifolia,  373. 

a|)t('ra,  372. 

Paldwinii.  373. 

rreinilata,  373. 

7Hr»///s,  373. 

)iioiioj,lii/lhi.  303. 

parvifolia,  372,  373. 
32 


I>oiitaiidm,  372. 

prntitiidnt,  373. 

IHtiloi-itipn,  373. 

tomeiilosii,  373. 

trifohata,  372. 

trijUiata,  373. 

vilici folia,  373. 
Pterophi/Vuin,  41. 
Ptcrota',  374. 
PuhaliUa,  9.  462. 

fiirnutissiiiia,  9. 

mulfireps,  462. 

J\i'ultaltiaua,  9. 

occidrntalis,  9. 

jMtens,  9. 
Pnnrtinil lists,  420. 
Purslaiio.  263. 
Pyx'ipoma,  259. 


Quassia  Simaruba,  378. 
Qutniiria,  431. 

hederarea,  4.31. 

hirsuta,  431. 

Raccoon  frrai)o,  424. 
Racine  d'iVnicrc,  2()7. 
liiidiiinn,  258. 
Radish,  1.32,  1.33. 
Hag.ired  Koliiii,  227. 
HA.NrNClI.ACK.K.  1,461. 
Rauuiuulii.s.  2,  20,  462. 

aiiurtivus,  32. 

abortivus,  32. 

acriforini.x,  34. 

acria,  35. 

acris,  34,  3.5. 

adoneu8,  29. 

adnneus,  30. 

ailinis,  31. 

a^'nis,  30,  31,. 34. 

aJceus,  39. 

ali.-ima'fohus,  27,  463. 

alisma f'olius,  27. 

alismilliis,  27. 

Alleghenif'iisi.-J,  32,  463. 

^l/^;lV,/.s•,  28. 

anibigeii.s,  27. 

aminiiis.  29,  31. 

Andersonii,  22.  462. 

Andersonii,  463. 

ai|uatilis,  21. 

a</uatilis,  21,  22. 

arcticus,  31. 

Arizouicus,  30. 

.4n;0H;CMj!,  30,  31. 

arvonsis,  38. 

auricomus,  31,  32. 

Auiitina',  39. 

fi^cil-iV,  24. 

liflrisii,  37. 

Biolfttii,  26. 

Bloonieri.  32. 

liolandrri.  27. 

Bonarieitsis,  26. 

Bonqardi,  33. 

breviraulis,  28,  31. 

biilbosu.*!,  35. 


498 


INDEX. 


bulbostis,  20. 
Calil'oruicus,  35. 
Californicus,  34. 
calthcejioriis,  27. 
Canadejisis,  36. 
canus,  34. 
cariHS,  35. 
cardicphyllns,  31. 
Cliamis-soiiis,  23. 
C'/o/,„sis,  32. 
tiiriiiatns,  21. 
Clintonii,  36. 
confervoides,  21. 
Cooleva;,  23. 
Cii>>iA-li,  463. 
Cviiihalaria,  23,  463. 
dlhili^,  20. 

drlphiiiijhlius,  24,  35. 
dicholoiiiHS,  38. 
dij^itatns,  29. 
disscetas,  35. 
dirdiicdtHS,  21. 
Jtriiiiimnndii,  29. 
Eiseui,  34. 
elliptints,  29. 
Esclisc-holtzii,  31. 
exiiiH'us,  30. 
fasticularis,  37,  463. 
fascirularis,  34,  36,  37. 
Ficaiia,  20. 
Jiliformis,  27. 
Jlaccidus,  21. 
Flammula,  26. 
F/ainmiila,  26,  27. 
fluitans,  21. 
JluviatUis,  24. 
Forsk-a-hlii,  24. 
fru/ldus,  28. 
glaberrimus,  28,  463. 
g/uberrhnus,  463. 
glacialis,  23. 
Gmelini,  24. 
Grayanus,  21. 
Grayi,  29. 
halophihis,  23. 
Hartwegi,  27. 
Harveiji,  32. 
hebecarpus,  38. 
hederaceus,  22. 
hederacens,  21,  22. 
hesperoxi/s,  34. 
keterojihyllus,  21. 
hirsiitus,  38. 
hi.spidus,  36. 
hispidus,  36. 
Uookeri,  29. 
Horuemanni,  20. 
hiimilis,  26. 
hydmcharis,  20,  22. 
hydrocharoides,  26. 
hyperhoreus,  2.5. 
hi/perhoreus,  25. 
liystriculus,  22,  462. 
h^istrir.n/us,  23. 

J'uniperiiius,  463. 
acustris,  24. 
Langsdorfii,  25. 


lanuginosus,  33. 
Iva])ponicus,  25. 
Lapponicus,  12,  29. 
/axicaulls,  26. 
Lenimoni,  28,  463. 
l.cmmoni,  29. 
limosits,  25. 
Liiit/iia,  27. 
Lohl)ii,  22. 
lung  I  rosin's,  21. 
/»cvV/»s,  37. 
Liidoviciaiuis,  35. 
Macaulevi,  28. 
Macouiiii,  36. 
niairaiitlius,  37. 
tnacra  lit  litis,  38. 
Marihindicus,  37. 
maximits,  .38. 
wirrcDitlnts,  32. 
A^flss(luri<'nsis,  24. 
niultifidus,  24. 
mnltijidus,  25. 
iiiurifatiis,  38. 
uataiis,  25. 
Aelsonii,  33,  34. 
nitidns,  32,  36. 
nivalis,  28. 
w/ra//.s,  28,31. 
Nuttallii,  23. 
obloiigifolius,  26. 
ohtusiusculus,  20,  27. 
occideutalis,  33. 
orcidentalis,  33,  34,  37. 
Oncost  ijli,  33. 
ornitliorhi/nrns,  38. 
orthorbvnclius,  37. 
orthorhynchus,  29,  38. 
oralis,  31. 
oxvnotus,  28. 
I'alla.'^ii,  24. 
Pullassii,  24. 
palmatus,  37. 
pantotlirix,  21. 
parviflorus,  38. 
parvljlorus,  38. 
parvulus,  38. 
parvulus,  35. 
pedatijidiis,  29,  31. 
Pennsylvanicus,  35. 
Pennsijlvanicns,  33,  36. 
pliilonotis,  37,  38. 
plantiKjinifolius,  23. 
Popniago,  27,  463. 
Porteri,  21. 
prostrntus,  36. 
Pseud o-IIiradus,  27. 
pidchellus,  27. 
I'urshii,  24. 
Pursln'l,  24,  25. 
pusillus,  26. 
pusilliis,  20,  25,  26. 
pygniiEUs,  29. 
rddicans,  25. 
recurvatus,  33,  463. 
/Y'r»/-)v(r».s-,  33,  34. 
repeiis,  36. 
rfy^eos,  28,  36,  37,  38. 


reptans,  26,  27. 

i-boniboideus,  31. 

rig  id  us,  21. 

riignlosus,  35. 

liiitkenicus,  23. 

Sabinii,  29. 

salsiiginosus,  23. 

scinicuhr/'onnis,  33. 

kSardous,  38. 

sceleratus,  33. 

Sclilerhtendidii,  34,  37. 

septentrionalis,  37. 

septentrionalis,  28,  36,  37. 

stagnatalis,  21. 

stoloiiifer,  26. 

subsagittatus,  30. 

Suksdorfii,  30. 

sulphureus,  28. 

teneilus,  33. 

Texensis,  26. 

tomentosus,  33,  37. 

tracliyspermos,  38. 

tracliy-spermus,  25,  2& 

trirho'phyllus,  21. 

tridentatus,  23. 

trifoliiis,  36. 

triternatus,  29. 

tuberosus,  20. 

Turueri,  34. 
/?rt;}a,  133. 
Rape,  133. 
Kaphanus,  102,  132,  468. 

Eaphauistruni,  132,  468. 

sativus,  133. 
Red  Campion,  227. 

Grape,  423. 

Lychnis,  227. 

Maple,  437. 
Redoutea,  337. 

heterophi/lla.  338. 
Reseda,  188,' 474. 

alba,  188. 

dipetala,  188. 

lini folia,  188. 

lutea,  188,  474. 

Luteola,  188. 

odorata,  188. 

Phyteuma,  188. 

subu/ata,  188. 
RESEDACEiE,  187,  474. 
Resedella  dipetala,  188. 

subulata,  188. 
Reynosia,  402,  405. 

latifolia,  405. 
Rhaconia,  396,  399. 

Crossopetalum,  399. 

ilicifolia,  399. 
RHAMNACE.E,  401. 

RlIAMNEyK,  402. 

Rhamnidium,  402,  404. 

ferreum,  404. 
Rhamnufi,  402,  406. 

ahiifolia,  407. 

anonrpfolia,  408. 

bclnlivfniia,  408. 

Californica,  408. 

Californica,  408. 


INDKX. 


499 


Caroliniana,  407. 

catharUca,  407. 

colubrinus,  418. 

crocea,  40C. 

Drmninondii,  418. 

ellipticns,  418. 
ferreus,  404. 
JerriKjiiiPiis,  418. 

Frangula,  407. 
J'raiujuloliles,  407. 

Humboldlutnus,  405. 

ilici/olia,  406. 

insulin  is,  406. 

lanceolata,  407. 

lauri/olius,  408. 

leurodermis,  408. 

minutlflorus,  406. 

obtusi'/olius,  403. 

occidcntalis,  408. 

olei/oliits,  408. 

parrifolius,  407. 

piri/olia,  406. 

I'lirshiaua,  408. 

PnrshidiKi,  408. 

rH^ra,  408. 

scitndens,  405. 

S/torlii,  407. 

S  mi  III  a,  407. 

Ttxtiisls,  418. 

tomenUlla,  408. 

uinhellatus,  405. 

volitbilis,  405. 
Rheumatism-root,  72. 
lihoicissus,  430. 
Khus,  381. 
iZAujJ,  382. 

jmcr/canus,  382. 

aromatica,  385,  386. 

Blodffettii,  382. 

Canailensis,  385. 

CaiKidensis,  383,  384. 

Caroliniana,  384. 

copallina,  384. 

cotinoides,  382. 
Cotinus,  382. 

diversiloba,  383. 

eleijans,  384. 

flal)ra,  384. 
lindsiana,  385. 
/i  (>/((,  384. 

hi/i>si'lodp))dro)i,  384. 
integrifolia,  385. 
intcijrifolid,  385. 
laurina,  383. 
Lentil,  385. 
leucantha,  384. 
/o/M^a,  383. 
Metopium,  382. 
Me.'cieana,  386. 
Michauxii,  384. 
microphylla,  386. 
ovata,  385. 
piimila,  384. 
inimila,  383. 
radiciins,  382,  383. 
seni  per  rite  ns,  385. 
suaveolens,  385. 


Toxieoilenilnjn,  382. 

'J'oxicodrudioii,  372,  383. 

tinffM:,trpii,  382,  383. 

Iriliilidltt,  386. 

typliiiia,  384. 

\''<iit,/iiuiia,  381. 

venenata,  38.3. 

r.r;ijj-,  383. 

rerrucosa,  38.3. 

virens,  .385. 

viridijioia,  384. 
Riedlea,  340. 

elongatd,  340. 

senata,  340. 
Riedleia,  340. 
Kivcrbank  Grape,  422. 
Uock  Cress,  159. 

Gr.ape,  421. 

Maple,  438. 

Uo.se,  189. 
Rocket,  142. 
KomiK-ya,  83,  87. 

Coulteri,  87. 
liopalon,  77. 
Roripa,  146. 

Americana,  146. 

AniKiruria,  147. 

rurrisiliipin,  148. 

dirtyota,  149. 

Iusi>ida,  148. 

Xast  art  turn,  146. 

oi/K.sv,,  148. 

occidrntalis,  470. 

jHilnstris,  147. 

si'ssili  flora,  149. 

siiiitiitii,  147. 

s/)li(irocarp(i,  148. 

si/lvcslris,  147. 

tenerrinia,  149. 

trarlii/rarpa.  470. 
U'«/<ert,  470. 
Rorippa,  146. 
Rose  Mallow,  333. 
Rose-wood,  375. 
Round-leaved  Catcliflv,  217. 
Royal  Catchflv,  217.  " 
/?»?<;•«,  437. 
/?(//(ic  Ncijundo,  440. 
Ruta  graveolens,  369. 
Rutabaga,  133. 
RU  TACE.E,  369. 
RlTK.K,  369. 
Rut  ox  ma,  371. 

Texana,  371. 

Saliulina,  238. 
Sacrliarina,  438. 
Satred  Rean,  74. 
Sageretia,  402.  405. 

Michauxii,  406. 

Wrightii,  406. 
Sagina,  210.  247. 

ai)otala,  248. 

crassicanlis.  249. 

decunilicns,  248. 

Elliotlii,  248. 

J'ontinalis,  235. 


intfrmrdin,  249. 
J.ihna-i,  249. 
Linniii,  •J4H. 
AiH/)»'<,  249. 
tnnxima,  249. 
nivalis,  249. 
ucmIohu,  249. 
occidfUtuliH,  248. 
oriidenlaliii,  249. 
pnx-unitM!nM,  248. 
prmumUus.  24H. 
sdijinoides,  249. 
suxatilia,  249. 
snijuliita,  248. 
St.  .lohnVwort,  284. 
St.  IVterVwort,  283. 
Sami/df^ie,  206. 
Sand  (Jrap*',  421. 
Sandwort,  237. 
Sauguiuaria,  83,  86. 
acaulis,  86. 
Canadensis,  86. 
grandijiora,  86. 
vemalis,  86. 
SAl'I.NDACK.E,  4.32. 
SAi'iNDE.t:,  4.33. 
Sapiudu.s  433,  443. 
acuminata,  444. 
aruminalus,  444. 
Druniinundi,  444. 
falriilus,  444. 
'luridus,  445. 
Manat-  nsis,  444. 
margiiiatus,  444. 
man/inatiis,  444. 
Sajiunaria,  444. 
6'(//"<H(u/.i,444. 
Saponaria,  209,  212. 
dioira,  215. 
officinalis,  213. 
u[/icinalis,  212. 
Viiccaria,  213. 
Sarromphalus  Carolinianus,  407. 

firrens,  404. 
Sarothra,  284. 

Drummondii,  290. 
gentianoides,  291. 
Iii/periroides,  29 1 . 
Sarracena,  79. 
Sarracenia,  79. 
adunca,  81. 
calceolala,  80. 
Catrslnri,  81. 
Drummondii,  80. 
flava,  81. 
Gronovii,  80,  81. 
hrtirophi/lln,  80. 
Iiurop/u'illa,  80. 
mMi'-r,  80,  81. 
l)sittacina,  80. 
pulchella,  80. 
jjurjinrea,  80. 
purpurea,  SO. 
rubra,  80. 
Surftii,  80. 
undulata,  80. 
variolaris,  81. 


500 


INDEX. 


SARRACENIACE^,  79, 466. 
Satiu-wood,  375. 
Sauragesiaceie,  1 95. 
Saviniona,  295,  299. 
Scarlet  Lightniug,  227. 

Lychuis,  227. 

Maple,  437. 
Scliasfferia,  396,  399. 

bttxi/olia,  399. 

completa,  399. 

c'uueifolia,  400. 

frutesceus,  399. 
Schinus  discolor,  381. 

Facfura,  374. 

Mo'lle,  381. 
Schizaudra,  58. 

coccinea,  58. 

SCHIZ  ANDRE.*:,  58. 

Schaiiocrambe  linifolia,  469. 
Schcepfia,394. 

Americana,  394. 

arhorescens,  394. 

chrysophylloides,  394. 

Murchii,  394. 

Schrel)eri,  394. 
Sctirvy  Grass,  150. 
Sciitiu  ferrea,  404. 
Sea  Ash,  374. 

Purslane,  259. 

Rocket,  132. 
Sea-island  Cotton,  338. 
Seqreqatia  Michauxii,  406. 
Selenia,  104,  151. 

aurea,  151. 

aureu,  151. 

dissecta,  151. 
Senebiera,  101,  129. 

Corouopus,  130. 

didijma,  130 

pinnatifida,  130. 
Seneca  Suakeroot,  454. 
Sericodes  Greggii,  352. 
Serjania,  433,  442. 

brachycarpa,  443. 

incisa,  442. 

macrococca,  443. 

racemosa,  442. 
Sesuvium,  257,  259. 

maritimum,  260. 

jHiri-iflorum,  259. 

jK-dnncuhitum,  259. 

pentandrum,  260. 

rortulacastrum,  259. 

PortnUicastrum,    254,    259, 

sessile,  259.  [260. 

sessile,  260. 
Shejiherd's  Purse,  131. 
Shrub  Yellow-root,  56. 
Shrubby  Althaea,  .334. 

Bitter-sweet,  398. 
Sihtra  fli folia,  470. 
Sickle-pod,  162. 
Sida,  296,  321. 

Abutilon,  327. 

acuta,  324. 

■aintn,  318. 

alccBoides,  301. 


ahhcei folia,  324. 
angustifolia,  324. 
unomala,  323. 
Berhmdieri,  320. 
bracteolata,  309. 
Californica,  304. 
Canariensis,  324. 
carpinifolia,  324,  325. 
carpinoides,  309,  325. 
ciliaris,  323. 
coccinea,  313. 
cordifulia,  323. 
crispa,  330. 
cristata,  319. 
cuneifolia,  322. 
delphinifolia,  303,  305. 
diffusa,  323. 
dijiisa,  323. 
dioica,  308. 
diploscypha,  303. 
dissecta,  313. 
EUiottii,  325. 
Elliottii,  323,  325. 
fasciculata,  323. 
Jilicaulis,  323. 
Jiliformis,  323. 
filipes,  326. 
glabra,  325. 
gracilis,  325. 
grossularicvfolia,  314. 
hastata,  322. 
hederacea,  321. 
Helleri,  322. 
herbacea,  324. 
hermaj>hrodita,  322. 
hernandioides,  326. 
keterocarpa,  324. 
^(Vta,  327. 
hispid  a,  308. 
Hondensis,  324. 
Hulseana,  327. 
imberbis,  330. 
incana,  329. 
involiwrata,  323. 
lepidota,  321. 
lepidota,  321. 
lignosa,  327. 
Lindheimeri,  325. 
Lindheivieri,  325. 
linearis,  324. 
longipes,  326. 
macrorhiza,  301. 
Madrensis,  324. 
malvaflora,  304,  305 
micans,  324. 
multi flora,  324. 
muricata,  323. 
Napjea,  322. 
Neo-Mexicana,  325. 
obliqna,  321. 
ocniata,  324. 
Oregana,  305. 
Palmeri,  320. 
parr i flora,  321. 
peda'tn,  301,  302. 
permollis,  .'{28. 
phijsoc(di/.r,  322. 


piVosa,  323. 

jirocumbens,  323. 

rhombifolia,  324. 

rhombifulia,  325. 

rotundifolia,  324. 

rubro-marginuta,  325. 

Sabeana,  340. 

spinosa,  324. 

spinosa,  324. 

spirceij'olia,  325. 

stellata,  316. 

slipidata,  325. 

sulplntrea,  321. 

supiua,  323. 

tragiafolia,  324. 

triangularis,  319. 

ovata,  323. 
Sidalcea,  295,  302. 
iSidalcea,  307. 

asprella,  305. 

atarosa,  314. 

Californica,  304. 

calycosa,  303. 

calycosa,  303. 

cainpestris,  305. 

Candida,  304. 

deljihinifdia,  303,  304. 

diploscyplia,  303. 

glaucescens,  306. 

glaucescens,  305. 

llartwegi,  303. 

Hartwegi,  303. 

Henderson!,  306. 

Hickmani,  307. 

Ilirkmani,  307. 

hirsuta,  303. 

hirsuta,  304. 

humilis,  304. 

malacliroides,  307. 

malvaflora,  304. 

malvajlora,  305,  306. 

Murryana,  306. 

Neo-Mexicana,  306. 

Oregana,  305. 

Oregana,  305,  306. 

parviflora,  305. 

pedata,  306. 

secundijiora,  303. 

spicata,  306. 

sulcata,  303. 

/e«('//a,  304. 

viti folia,  307. 
Sidano'da,  320. 
SiDE/E,  296. 

Side-saddle  Flower,  79,  80 
Sidoides,  308. 
Silene,  209,  213. 
^■jYene,  224. 

acaulis,  215. 

a//^a,  216. 

Anglica,  214. 

antirrhina,  215. 

Armeria,  215. 

Baldwinii,216. 

Bcrnardina,  222. 

Bnliindcri,  218. 

Bridgesii,  219. 


ixi)i:x. 


501 


Californica,  218. 
cainpuuulata,  219. 
camptinulato,  214. 
Caroliniami,  217. 
Catesbcei,  217. 
cheiranthoides,  217. 
coccinea,  217. 
conoidea,  214. 
Cucubaliis,  214. 
difhotoma,  215. 
Dorrii,  219. 
Douglasii,  222. 
Douglasii,  214. 
Dm'mmondii,  22.3.  224,  225. 
Enijflmaniii,  220,  221. 
Jimhiiatii ,  21G. 
Gallica,  214. 
Gravii.  222. 
Gn',/(iii,  218. 
Hallii,  223. 
//«////,  214. 
Hookeri,  218. 
Illinoensis,2\7. 
incarnatii,  217. 
incomjita,  220. 
jn/(j^i,  214. 
laciiiiata,  218. 
laciniula,  218. 
Lemmoni,  219. 
luiifiisli/tts,  219. 
Liiisana,  221. 
Lusitanica,  215. 
Zva//»,  22.3. 
Maronnii,  223. 
Menziesii,  219. 
monanthd,  223. 
montana,  220. 
mntlicaulis,  223. 
multinervia,  214. 
nivea,  216. 
noctiflora,  215. 
imtaiis,  216. 
(Kciilciitalis,  221. 
Oregaiia,  220. 
ovata,  216. 
Pal  inert,  219. 
Parishii,  218. 
pectinata,  220. 
pecthuttd,  214. 
I'ennsylvanica,  216. 
plcUyoia,  221. 
plati/petcda,  217. 
plidtta,  220. 
I'riuglei,  224. 
pulchra,  218. 
purpurala,  221. 
guiiKitievuliiera,  215. 
racemosa,  215. 
regia,  217. 
repeus,  221. 
rei>ens,  220. 
rotuiuiifolia,  217. 
I'llhiciiiidii,  21  7. 
Sargentii,  221. 
scaposa.  22.3. 
Sconleri,  224. 
Scouleri,  224,  225. 


Shockleijl,  220. 

.sj/H»/.ni.s,  218. 

S])al<lint:ii,  221. 

.sy»<v-,s„,  21H. 

st.ll<inoid>s,  219. 

stcllala,  216. 

8ul)(iliata,  217. 

Suk.siL.rHi,  222. 

Timrlieri,  220. 

7V/i"m//,  218. 

vereiumla,  221. 

Virgiiiica,  217. 
IV/v//;//--,,  217,  218. 

rul<jans.  214. 

\Vals..iii,222. 
Il'„/M»n,  214. 

Wrii^litii,  218. 
Sii.i;m;.i:,  208. 
Silver  .Maple,  438. 
Simar<>uhii,:il8. 
Siinaruba,  377,  378. 

glaiua,  378. 

medicimilis,  378. 
SIMAHUHA(M'LT':,  376. 

SlMAlUHK.E,  377. 

Siiuipis,  133. 

uiha,  134. 

arrensis,  133. 

niijra,  133. 
Sinap'islrum,  133,  183. 

SiSYMHRlK.K,   102. 

Si.li/mbriixi,  159. 
Sisynihriuin,  103,  136,  469. 
6isi/iitbrinm,  135,  175. 

ariildiii/nliiin,  177. 

,l///(//-;V/,  135. 

akissiinuiii,  137,  469. 

(dlissi„uiin,4::i. 

(irdliidoidcs,  159. 

auriiulatum,  138. 

brachijccirpon,  139. 

brnchiicurpnm,  139. 

Cidiforniciim,  139. 

canescens,  139. 

canescens,  139,  469. 

cheiranthoides,  143. 

Cuiningianum,  139. 

currislli(pi<i,  148. 

drflrxnm,  177. 

d'rntatnm,  ICO. 

diffnsnm,  138. 

Kdirardsii,  135. 

i/ldiiiiiin,  175. 

'hisfiidiim,  148. 

huiiiir'nsiiw,  160. 

Am/«(7.',  141,  159. 

incanum,  139. 

incisum,  139.  469. 

invisuiii,  140. 

Irio,  137. 

jnnceum,  138. 

lasiojilniUum,  1  77. 

linifulimn,  138,  469. 

i„wi,,„direllat>nn,  140. 

XdStiirtinm,  146. 

Xid()dr,ns,',  1.37. 

oftiiinnle,  137. 


offirinnU,  409. 

IHdash.,  147. 

J  '(iiiiiuniciim,  1.37. 

paiicillMruiii,  13K. 

pdiicij(>intm,  100. 

piiinaliim,  139. 

pi/i/iii<riim,  145,  177. 

re /If  rum,  177. 

iulswjinrum,  137,  175. 

ainaiiislrum,  137. 

Sophia,  139,  469. 

So/ihia,  1.36,  1.39. 

so/ihioidi  K,  139. 

tdlldrrli/'olilim,  I  19. 

<e;T.s,  149. 

Tlialiaiiuiii,  UU. 

ViLS.'Vi,  13H. 

virgaVuiu,  138,  409. 

iru/fcr/,  149. 
Skunk  (Jrape,  429. 
Sleepy  CatciiHv,  215. 
SinelOwskia,  102,  136,  469. 

Cali/ijrnicd,  139. 

calyciua,  136,  469. 

cimren,  135,  130. 

I' "reiiioutii,  136. 

ovalis,  469. 
SiiKxjtii  Smiiacli,  .384. 
SiiaiHlragnu  CaUiiHy,  21.'>. 
Soap-lierry,  444. 
Suapwort,  212,  213. 
Soft  .Maple,  437. 
.Sulea,  195,  204. 
.liWeu,  205. 

coucolor,  204. 

s</('c/<i,  204. 
Sophia,  138. 

.SVn;.</,  469. 
Sour  Orange,  376. 
Southern  F<>.\  tirajie,  420 
.Spanish  (irajK.'.  425. 
.spatter-dock,  77. 
Spearwort,  26. 
Spergula,  210,  253. 

arvensi.x,  253. 

decumlieiis,  248. 

fontitialis.  235. 

(jrarilis,  251. 

nodosa,  248,  249. 

ramosissima,  25.3. 

rubra,  250. 

sai/iuoides,  248,  249. 

subnidia,  248. 
Spergnlaria.  210.  249. 

horealis,  252. 

l>oria/is,  250. 

campestris,  250. 

Caundmsis,  252. 

Clevehuuli.  251. 

didudrd,  251. 

niacrotheea.  252. 

vtaniiudld,  252. 

marina,  252. 

media.  252. 

Hi»  «//(i,  252. 

Mii|iU'lonensis.  2.50. 

Miijurlomnsii,  252. 


502 


INDEX. 


Platensis,  251. 

ruhra,  250. 

ruhra,  252,  253. 

salina,  251. 

salimi,  250. 

salsuginea,  251. 

tenuis.  251. 

tenuis,  252. 

villosa,  251. 
Spej-fjulastnim,  232. 

(/ramineum,  233. 

lanceolatttrn,  235. 

laniK/inosiim,  240. 
Sphaeralcea,  296,  313. 

acerifolia,  317. 

acei-ifoUa,  317. 

ambigua,  315. 

ambigwt,  315,  317. 

angustifolia,  31(5. 

amjusti/blia,  316. 

Cedrosensis,  317. 

Cisplatina,  313,  315. 

Coulteri,  313. 

crotonoides,  318. 

Emorvi,  316. 

Emon/i',3\4,  31.5,  317. 

Fendieri,  316. 

Fendleri,  313,  317. 

hastulata,  315. 

iiicaua,  316. 

incann,  .316. 

leptosf'jia/d,  318. 

Liiullieimeri,  315. 

Lindhi'imeri,  311. 

loiigisopala,  317. 

miniala,  316. 

Muuroaiia,  314. 

Manroana,  315. 

Orcuttii,  314. 

pedata,  314. 

])edatifida,  314. 

rividaris,  317. 

Eusbyi,  317. 

stellaia,  316. 

subhastata,  315. 

sulphurea,  315. 

Wrightii,  317. 
Sphceralceoides,  3 1 0. 
Sphceroma  aceri/o/iiim,  317. 

anqustifoUum,  316. 
SphcBrostemma,  58. 
Spicata,  435. 
Spindle  Tree,  396,  397. 
Spondias  lutea,  381. 
Spondi/lant/ia  aphi/lla,  431. 
Spotted  Touch-me-not,  369. 
Spraguea,  263,  277. 
Sprar/ttea,  278. 

multireps,  278. 

n!<f/«,  277. 

])anlcnl<ita,  277. 

umbellata,  277. 
Spring  Beauty,  270,  271. 
Spurry,  253.  " 
Squirrel-corn,  94. 
Staff-tree,  398. 
Stag-iiorn  Sumach,  384. 


Stanfordia,  105,  171. 

("alifornica,  172. 
Stanleya,  105,  178. 
'Stanlei/a,  179. 

albescens,  179. 

amplexi/oliu,  180,  473. 

col  Una,  178. 

elata,  179. 

fruticosa,  179. 

(jracUls,  180. 

/leterophijHa,  1 79. 

intefirifoliu,  179. 

pinnata.  179. 

pinnatifida,  179. 

tonientosa,  179, 

viriditiora,  178. 

Wus/iikina,  168. 
Stanley.!:,  105. 
Staphylea,  432,  434. 

Bolanderi,  434. 

trifolia,  434. 

IrifoUata,  434. 

StA  PHY  LINE.*:,  432. 

Stap/ii/llodendroii,  434. 
Staphijlodendron,  434. 

trifoliatum,  434. 
Star  Anise,  58. 
Starry  Campion,  216. 
Starwort,  232. 
S/e^/id,  299. 
Stellar! a,  210,  232. 
Slcllaria,  228,  237. 

alpestris,  235. 

alsine,  234. 

aquatica,  232. 

aquatica,  234. 

hlflora,  238,  247. 

borealis,  234. 

horeulis,  233,  234,  235,  236. 

hrachypetala,  235. 

calyc'antha,  236. 

cerastoides,  231. 

crassifolia,  235. 

crasslfolia,  233,  235. 
crispa,  236. 
crispa,  236. 
cuspldata,  232. 
dichotoma,  237. 
dichotoma,  236. 
dicranoides,  237. 
Edu-nrdsli,  234. 
elongata,  240. 
Fenzlii,  235. 
fontinalis,  235. 
glaiicn,  233. 
qrarills,  235. 
■graminea,  233,  234. 
(jrnminea,  233,  237. 

GraenJandlca,  243. 
Holostea,  237. 
humifusa,  235. 
humifusa,  235. 
Jamesiana,  237. 
Jamesii,  237. 
/f/n^;/,  232,  241. 
Lnhradorica,  243. 
/(c<a,  233,  234. 


lanuginosa,  240. 

littoralis,  236. 

longifolia,  233. 

longifulia,  233,  234. 

long! pes,  233,  234. 

long i pes,  234. 

macropet(da,  232,  245. 

marginaUi ,  235. 

media,  232. 

inoenc/toidcs,  233. 

moutana,  228. 

nitens,  233. 

«)ViVA»,  2.34. 

Nuttallii,  237. 

obtusa,  235. 

ovaUfoUa,  239. 

oi'o^a,  232. 

palustris,  233. 

prostrata,  232. 

pubera,  236. 

ruscifolia,  236. 

.v^/-/c;«,  233,  234. 

uligino.sa,  234. 

umbellata,  233. 

nnijiora,  237. 
Ste/lularia,  232. 
Stenophragmn,  136,  137,  140. 

Thidunia,  140. 

virgcitiim,  469. 
Sicrculia  platanifolia,  339. 
S  rERCl'LIAC'E^,  338. 
Sterridieoi,  339. 
Slewartia,  292. 
Stipulicida,  210,  255. 

liliformis,  255. 

setacea,  255. 
Storksbill,  361. 
Strawberry  Eu.'^h,  396. 
Strcphodon,  228,  231. 
Streptanthus,  105,  167,  470. 
Slre])tanthus,  98,  172. 

idbidns,  171,  471. 

aiigustifoliiis,  166. 
arriialiis,  164. 
Arizonicus,  169,  471. 
barbatus,  169,  471. 
barbiger,  170,  472. 
Biolettil,  171,  471. 
bracteatus,  168,  470. 
Brazoensis,  161. 
Breweri,  170,  472. 
Breweri,  168. 
Californicus,  172. 
campestris,  169,471. 
carinatus,  169,  471. 
cordatus,  169,  471. 
cordatns,  473. 
Coii/feri,  172. 
crdssicaidis,  1  73. 
diversifolius,  168,  471. 
fave.scens,    170,    173,    177, 
g/nbrifo/ius,  170.  [178. 

glaniinlosus,  171,471. 
hesperidis,  472. 
hesfteridis,  1 70. 
heterophyllus,  169,  471. 
hetero]>hi/llus,  172. 


IXDKX. 


003 


hispidus,  171,  472. 

llowellii,  170,471. 

Huivellii,  473. 

hyaciiithoides,  170,  471. 

inJiiUiis,  172. 

Lerniuoui,  169,  471. 

liueuri/'oliiis,  174. 

loiKiiJolius,  170,  178. 

longirostris,  170,  471. 

matulatus,  168,  470. 

micnintluis,  178. 

Miklredae,  171. 

Mildredte,  471. 

niger,  170,  472. 

obtnsi/oliuK,  168. 

orbiiulatus,  472. 

orbicuhttus,  168. 

Purri/i,  172. 

peramaentis,  171,  471. 

petio/aiis,  161. 

platycarpus,  168,  470. 

polygaloides,  171,  473. 

procerus,  173. 

pulchellus,  171,  472. 

saglltatus,  176. 

secundiis,  171,  472. 

suffriitesceus,  168,  472. 

tortuosus,  168,  472. 

tortuosits,  169. 

versicolor,  171,  471. 

virgdtus,  164. 
Striped  Maple,  436. 
Stuarria,  291,  292. 

Malacliodeudrou,  292. 

Mtirilandicfi,  292. 

montana,  292. 

noliilis,  292. 

peiitagyna,  292. 
Viri/inica,  292. 
Styloplii)rum,  84,  89. 

diphyllum,  89. 

0/iiense,  89. 

petiolatum,  89. 
Stijphoma,  38.T. 

inteijrifolia,  385. 

serrata,  385. 
Subularia,  101,  130,  468. 

aquatica,  130,  468. 
Sugar  Grape,  421. 

Maple,  438. 
Sumac,  383. 
Suinaeh,  381,  383. 
Summer  Grape,  427,  428. 
Supple  Jack,  404. 
Suriana,  377,  378. 

maritima.  378. 
SURIANE.K,  377. 
Swallow-wort,  89. 
Sweet  Alvssum,  115. 
Bav,"39. 
Buckeye,  447. 
Mountaiu  Grape,  422. 
Violet,  197. 
William,  211. 
Winter  Grape,  425. 
Swieteiiia.  .'{87. 

Maiiagoui,  387. 


Mahogoni,  387. 
Swine  C'res-s,  129. 
Sycumoro  Majjle,  436. 
Si/mi'hi/loplrurn,  75. 
Sijndesmoii,  14. 

thaliclroidi's,  14. 
Si/ustimn  arumiiiiiln,  390. 

amliigua,  .'$90. 
Syntiilip.si.s,  loo,  121. 

Ik-rlandi.ri,  122. 

Greggii,  122. 

hcterocliroma,  122. 

Talinopsis,  262,  264. 
frutescens,  265. 
Talinum,  262,  265. 

tiurtnttiiicHin,  265. 
Intir/ii//)i>diuin,  265. 
i)revif(iliuin,  265. 
calvcinuni,  266. 
ronfcrlijiorum,  266. 
Immile,  265. 
lincare,  265. 
Menziesil,  269. 
Mextcnnum,  266. 
moiuindrum,  278. 
nujiijorme,  266. 
])itui(ul(tlnm,  265. 
parviriorum,  266. 
parcijiorum,  266. 
patens,  265. 
pygmirum,  268. 
refic.rum,  265. 
sarminlosum,  265. 
spatliulaluin,  265. 
spine.'^cens,  266. 
tereti folium,  266. 
I pri'li folium,  266. 
TAMARLSCIXE.E,  279. 
Tamarisk,  279. 
Tamarix,  279. 

(iallica,  279. 
Tansy  Mustard,  139. 
Tea- riant,  291. 
TERNSTIUEMIACE.E,  291 
Tetragonc/la,  260. 
Tetragonia,  257,  260. 

e.xpan.sa,  260. 
Tetragonocarpus,  260. 
Tctrapomd  hnrbarervfolium,  148 
Kru/isidnum,  148. 
pi/ri  forme,  148. 
Tlialictrum,  1,  14,  462. 
Thai  id  rum.  14. 
alpinum,  14. 
anemouindi  !>,  14. 
aipiitigifolium,  18. 
ccrsium,  16. 
cdmpeatre,  462. 
Carnliuianum.  11,  17. 
clavatum,  15. 
clavatum,  15. 
coriaceum,  17,  462. 
Gornuti.  17. 
Cornuli,  18,  462. 
cori/iirlhtm,  I  7. 
dosi/ciirpum,  17. 


dcl.ile,  18. 
di.<i.um,  17. 
diuiciim,  llj,  17. 
disriJor,  18. 
Femlli-ri,  15,  462. 
Fendten,  10. 
Jilipes,  15. 
glttur.um,  18. 
gnirrotens,  17. 
litsjierium,  16. 
Kemensr,  15. 
Ill  figiitum,  17. 
tfui  iisli  miiu,  1  7. 
marrostylum,  17. 
migiiriirpum,  16. 
niiiill.s,  15. 
nudiriiulv,  15. 
oiridenUle,  16,462. 
/Milmulum,  18. 
plulijiiirpum,  462. 
jiulyearpum,  16. 
polygamiim,  17,  462. 
puhiscins,  17. 
piirpurascens,  17. 
ninunrutinum,  18. 
rcvolutum,  17. 
rugiisum,  17,  18. 
.-iparsiliorum,  15. 
venulo.sum,  16,  462. 
venulosum,  15. 

»r,/yi///,  16. 
Thamnosma.  370,  371. 
Thamnosmii,  369. 
nicjutana,  371. 
Texaua,  371. 
Theh  podium,  105,  173,  473. 
Thelj/podium,  137,  1.50, 170,  172, 
amliiguum.  176. 
aureum,  176. 
nnreum.  137. 
(luriculiilum,  138. 

lirai'iivcarpum,  174. 

Cooperi,  174. 

elegans,  176. 

elegiins,  137. 

encosmum,  175. 

rtav  .scen.s,  177. 

tlexuosum.  175. 

Hookeri.  177. 

llowellii.  174.  47.3. 

inti'^irifnlinm.  176. 

Jaciniatum.  177. 

liLsiopliyllum.  177,  473. 

Lemmoni.  I7S. 

linearifoliiim.  174. 

longifolium,  178. 

low/i/olium.  178. 

niiorantlium.  178. 

nuihclum,  177. 

Nnttallii.  176. 

/.rrnvrHHi,  173. 

rigidnm,  177. 

.«agitfatnm.  175. 

siiiiiltiitum,  175. 

saisuiiinonm,  175,473. 

stenojielaliini,  176. 

\HM'\\.  175. 


504 


INDEX. 


Vaseyi,  138. 

Wrightii,  177. 
Theubruma,  339. 
Thespesia,  297,  337. 

populuea,  337. 
Thla.^pi,  101,  123. 

alpcstre,  12.3. 

arvfii^e,  123. 

/Jursa-pastoris,  131. 

Califoruicum,  124. 

cochlearl/onne,  124. 

Fendleri,  124. 

motttanttm,  124. 

tuberosum,  15t). 

Virijinianum,  127. 
Thrijallis  anqustijblia,  351. 
Thurberia,  338. 

thespesioides,  338. 
Thvme-leaved  Saudwort,  239. 
Thysanocarpus,  100,  113,468. 
Thysanocarpus,  112. 

conchuliferus,  113. 

crenatus,  114. 

curvipes,  113. 

curvipes,  114. 

eleguns,  114. 

laciniatus,  114,  468. 

obloiH/ifolius,  113. 

pulc/iellus,  114. 

pusi/lus,  113. 

radians,  114. 

ramosus,  114. 
Tilia,  342,  343. 

a//;a,  344. 

Americana,  343. 

Americana,  343,  344. 

argentea,  344. 

Canadensis,  343. 

Caroliniana,  343. 

Europaea,  343. 

glabra,  343. 

grandifolia,  343. 

heterophvlla,  344. 

/a.r/^ora,"343,  344. 

n^z/ra,  343. 

rotundi folia,  344. 

parvifolia,  343. 

pubescens,  .343. 

pubescens,  343. 
TILIACE^,  342. 
Tz'ssa,  250. 

Canadensis,  252. 

Clevelandi,  251. 

diandra,  251. 

gracilis,  251. 

'leucantka,  253. 

macrotheca,  253. 

marina,  252. 

pallida,  253. 

n/6m,  250,  251. 

Srt//«n,  252. 

sparsijlora,  252. 

tenuis,  251. 

vnlida,  253. 

villosa,  251. 
Titi,  393. 
Tobinia,  375. 


Toothache-tree,  373,  374. 
Toothwort,  153. 
Torch-wood,  375. 
Touch-me-not,  369. 
Tower  Mustard,  160. 
Toxicodendron,  381,  382. 

crenatum,  383. 

pubescens,  383. 

serratum,  383. 

volubilis,  383. 

vulgare,  383. 
Trautvetteria,  1,  18. 

Caroliniensis,  18. 

graudis,  18. 

palmata,  18. 

palmala,  18. 
Treacle  Mustard,  142. 
Tree  of  Heaven,  378. 
Triadenum,  284. 
Trianthema,  256,  259. 

monogijna,  259. 

Portuiacastrum,  259. 
Tribulus,  353. 

brachystylis,  354. 

Californicus,  354. 

cistoides,  354. 

Fischeri,  355. 

grandiflorus,  355. 

maximus,  354. 

terrestris,  354. 

terrestris,  354. 

trijugatus,  354. 
Tricerma,  398. 

crassi/olium,  398. 
Trichocarpa,  383. 
Triclisperina  grandijlora,  453. 
Trilicina,  68. 
Trionum,  336. 
Triumfetta,  342. 

semitriloba,  342. 
Trollius,  2,  40. 

Americanus,  40. 

Europseus,  40. 

laxus,  40. 
Tropaeolum,  357,  363. 

majus,  363. 
Tropidocarpum,  103,  141,  469. 

capparideum,  141. 

dubium,  141. 

gracile,  141. 

scabriusculum,  141. 
Trnm  pet-leaf,  81. 
Trumpets,  79,  81. 
Tri/phane,  238. 
Tulipastrum  Americanum,  61. 
Tnlipifera,  61. 
Tulip-tree,  61. 
Tunica,  209,  212. 

prolifera,  212. 

saxifraga,  212. 
Turkey  Grape,  428. 
Turnip,  133. 
Turpinia  glabra,  386. 

pubescens,  386. 
Turritis,  159,  163. 

brachycarpa,  163. 

diffusa,  175. 


<7/a6m,  160,  163. 
la  cigala,  162. 
lasiopliijila,  \11. 
viacrocarpa,  160. 
7«o//is,  160. 
oraYa,  163. 
patula,  164,  165. 
retrofracta,  164. 
salsuginea,  175. 
spathulata,  163. 
s^ric^a,  163,  166. 
Twin-Leaf,  71. 

Umbrella-tree,  60. 
Ungnadia,  434,  445. 

hepta/ihi/tla,  446. 

heterophylla,  446. 

speciosa,  445. 
Upland  Cotton,  338. 
Urena,  297,  .331. 
C/re«a,  331. 

lobata,  331. 
Urene.?:,  296. 
Urvillea,  433,441. 

Berteriana,  442. 

Mexicana,  442. 

triphylla,  442. 

ulmacea,  442. 
Uvaria  obovata,  63,  464. 

parviflora,  63. 

pygmcea,  64. 

triloba,  63. 
Uvarice,  63. 

Vaccaria,  213. 

vulgaris,  213. 
Vaccinium  mucronatum,  391. 
Valley  Grape,  426. 
Vancouveria,  67,  71. 

aurea,  71. 

chrysantha,  71. 

hexandra,  71. 

hexandra,  71. 

parviflora,  71. 

planipetala,  71. 
Varnish-trees,  .383. 
Veatchia  Cedrosensis,  381. 

discolor,  381. 
Velarum,  137. 
Velezia,  209,  210. 

latifolia,  207. 

rigida,  211. 
Velvef-leaf,  327. 
Uesicarm,  116,  121. 

alpina,  117. 

angusti folia,  119,  120. 

arcticd,  118,  120. 

arenosa,  118. 

argyrea,  120. 

auriculata,  116. 

Berlandieri,  118. 

brevistyla,  116. 

densiflora,  117. 

didymoc.arpa,  121. 

En'gelmanni,  120. 

Fendleri,  120. 

Geyen,  121. 


INDEX. 


;jU-j 


(jlobosu,  118. 

'Gurdoni,  120. 

ijmnlis,  IIK. 

'(jnuiilijloni,  118,  111). 

KiiKjii,  117. 

lasiocarjui,  116. 

Lesniiii,  116. 

Lindheimeri,  119. 

Ludoviciima,  117,  118, 

monUina,  117,  118. 

Ntitlul/it,  119. 

occklenUditi,  117. 

pallida,  119. 

pill  ijniil  lid,  119. 

palrlulla,  120. 

pnrparen,  1 19. 

reciirvdta,  119. 

repitnda,  119. 

Shoiiii,  118. 

steHoplii/lla,  120. 
Villnrsia  peltata,  74. 
Vine,  420. 

Maple,  4.37. 
Viola,  195,  474. 

acu^a,  198. 

adunca,  203. 

a//('H/s,  196. 

lilbijiora,  203. 

Aller//ia7nensis,  197. 

amnna,  198. 

annaria,  203. 

arvensis,  204. 

asari/olio,  196,  203. 

attennata,  198. 

(7Mr(V(,  200. 

15eL-kwithii,  200. 

Beck- with  a,  201. 

bicoloi;  204. 

biflora,  199. 

/»///ora,  201. 

biaiula,  198. 

biunda,  198. 

banal  is,  197. 

linioksii,  200. 

Caiuulensi-s,  202. 

Canadensis,  201. 

caniua,  203,  47.'). 

canina,  203. 

chrysantlia,  200. 

clin/santha,  201. 

ciliala,  197. 

clandestiiia,  198,  199. 

concolor,  204. 

congener,  196. 

consnersn,  203. 

cnrdata,  196. 

cordi  folia,  196. 

cuntllala,  196,  197. 

I'liuoata,  202. 

f/(V«/rs-,  203. 

delphini/olia,  196. 

di'iilala,  197. 

di</itatii,  196. 
lioiiqlasii,  200. 

('(/»//.'!.  196. 

eman/iiiala,  197. 

rj>ipsiln,  197. 


474. 


eriocarpa,  202. 
Jimbriatula,  197. 
Jiabelli/uliu,  195. 
qibbosa,  201. 
■glabella,  201,475. 
t/luMla,  201. 
"llallii,  200. 
iixstata.  201. 
/leleroplii/lla,  196. 
/</Wa,  201. 
Ilowcllii,  204. 
Kiimlsrliatira,  197. 
/.ahniiloiica,  20.i. 
laiiicuhita,  19S,  47 
Laii!,'s<|.irnii 
Laiiys(l..rtii,474. 
Li  wisiana,  203. 
liii'iiKi/ulia,  199. 
lobata,  201. 
loiiijipes,  203. 
M'aclosh'i/i,  198. 
jninddlis,'  \d7,  204. 
iiioiitanii,  200. 
Mulilinlxri/iana,  203 
Miildinbea/ii,  203. 
miillicaiilis,  20.3. 
Nuttallii,  199. 
Nutlallii,  200. 
oblitpia,  196,  198. 
ocellata,  202. 
or/i  role  Ilea,  203. 
odorata,  197. 
orbicidata,  199. 
ovata,  197. 
palniata,  196. 
palmata,  197. 
l)alustris,  197. 
palustris,  198. 
papilionarea,  196. 
parva,  198. 
pedata,  195. 
pedata,  195,  196. 
pedatitida,  196,  474. 
podiuiculata,  199. 
Pennsi/lntuica,  202. 
pinctorum,  200. 
pinnata,  196. 
l)raeinorsa,  200. 
pnimorsa,  199. 
liiiimila'folia,  198. 
prlninlifolia,  197. 
pul)esceiis,  202. 
pnbesrens,  201. 
punctata,  203. 
purinura,  200. 
radirans,  20.3. 
ranuncnlifiilia,  196. 
rinifolia]  198. 
repcns,  203. 
rostrata,  204. 
rotiindifolia,  198. 
roliimUl'iilia,  199. 
.«a-,'ittata,  196. 
sai/itlata,  197. 
saniiento.sa,  199. 
srabriiiscula.  202. 
Sroulirii,  201. 


S<-lkirkii,  197.  474. 

:S,lii,k,i,  I'JH. 

srptemlolia,  196. 

Stpioiensis.  201. 

Shi-ltoiiii.  20U. 

suroria,  196. 

Striata,  2(i2. 

Biriatii,  2()l.  2a3. 

sifUestrix,  'iW. 

tenilla,  204. 

tric<»lor.  204. 

tnlulxi,  196. 

triiicrvata,  201. 

tri/Mirlitu,  201. 

umbrosa,  197. 

uniflora,  201,  202. 

verliriUala,  205. 

i-('//osa.  196. 
VIOLACKiE,  194,  474. 
Violet,  195. 
lVo/H«,  5. 

ci/lindrica,  7. 

urniijira,  5. 
Virginia  {-'reciMT,  431. 
Virgin's  Bower,  4. 
lV.vcrtr/«,  224,  227. 
\'1TACK.K,  419. 
Vilicella,  5. 

r,-/,v/»,,  7. 
\'iti.s,  420. 
IV//*-,  4.30. 

ucj</<i,  430,  431. 

a;.<tivali.s,  427.       [429.430. 

lestiuulis,  420,425,  42f.,  42.s, 

Americana,  427. 

antptlata,  421. 

araneosits,  427. 

arborea,  4.30. 

argentljolia,  428. 

Arizuncnsis,  426. 

Arizonica,  425. 

.(4njon/«i,  423,  426. 

Baileyana,  424. 

Berlandieri,  425. 

Berlandieri,  422.  423. 

bicolor,  428. 

^iV-«/„r,  426.  427. 

bipinnata,  4.30. 

lilanroi,  428. 

/i/.»H»/i',  429. 

lionpiiniinui,  428. 

bnirlrata,  427. 

Californica.  426. 

Califomira,  426. 

candicans,  428. 

candiians,  423.  427,  429. 

Caribjea.  42S. 
I'arilHra.  425.426.  429. 

Cbanipini,  423. 

cinerea,  425. 

riWnyi,  425.  426,  427,  429. 

cordifolia.  424. 

cordi/olia,  422,  423. 

coriacfa,  429. 

divrrsif'iJia,  428. 
Doanianii,  427. 
Ihiaiiiana,  423. 


506 


INDEX, 


Floridana,  421. 
Foexeana,  422. 
Girdiaua,  426. 
kederacea,  431. 
Illinoensis,  422. 
/nc("sa,  431. 
indirisa,  430. 
Labrusca,  429. 
Zai;«st«, 420,422, 427,429. 
Lincecumii,  427. 
Linsecomii,  428. 
LoDgii,  423. 
Loii;iii,  427. 
^Jissoitriensis,  422. 
monosjterma ,  424. 
monticola,  422. 
montlcola,  423,  423,  426. 
Muasoiiiiuia,  421. 
muscadiiia,  421. 
Miistati(/ettsis,  429. 
Nortoni,  427. 
Nuevo-Mexicuna,  423. 
occidentnlis,  427. 
odoratissima,  422. 
palmata,  423. 
palmata,  424. 
pelUita,  421. 
pubescens,  432. 
pulhiria,  424. 
rjuilK/Hcfhlid,  431. 
riparia,  422,  424. 
rotuudifolia,  420. 
rotundifoliu,  421. 
ridtra,  424. 
nipestris,  421 . 
rujiestrls,  423. 
serotina,  422. 
Siinpsoui,  429. 
Solorus,  423. 
Sf/lvesfn's,  427. 
tdurinn,  421. 
tenuij'olia,  422. 
Teratui,  422. 
Treleasei,  423. 
verrucosa,  421. 
vinifera,  420,  427,  428. 
Virglninnti,  425. 
vnlpina,  422. 

vnlpina,  421,  422,  423,  424, 
[427,  429. 

Wafer-ash,  372. 
lfV)/,//i.'/7/f-//««/^-«/s,  226. 

a/if'ifda,  226. 

tri flora,  22."). 
AVahoo,  60,  397. 
Walteriann,  393. 

Caroliniensis,  393. 
Waltheria,  339,  341. 


Americana,  341. 

detoiisa,  341. 
Waiikapiu,  75. 
Warea,  105,  179,473. 

aiiiplexifolia,  180,  473. 

amplextfolia,  473. 

cuiieifo'lia,  180,  473. 

sessilifolia,  473. 
n'(()7ie(ju,  56. 
Wart  Cress,  129. 
Watflies,  81. 
Water  Chiuc]ua])in,  75. 

Cress,  146. 
Water-Lilv,  75. 
\Vat(>r-slii;-l<l.  74. 
W:iIcr\V(irt,  281. 
Woidlandia  Carol iniana,  65. 

jiojiulijolia,  65. 
West  lud.  Birch,  380. 
Western  Wall-flower,  143. 
White  Bay,  59. 

Campion,  227. 

Canella,  206. 

Iron  Wood,  445. 

Laurel,  59. 

Mustard,  134. 

Winter's  Bark,  206. 
White-wood,  61,  206. 
Whitlow-grass,  106. 
Wild  Cabbage,  172. 

China  Tree,  444, 

Cinnamon,  206. 

Lime,  394. 

( )range,  374. 

rink,  216. 

Kadish,  132. 
Wind-fiuwer,  9. 
Wine  Grape,  428. 
Winter  Aconite,  42. 

Cress,  149. 

Grape,  424,  425. 
Wintei-ania  Can<lla,  206. 
Winterberry,  391. 

WiNTERE.E,  58. 
WInterlia  tri flora,  390. 
Winter's  Bark,  206. 
Wi.<li/,enia,  181,  186. 

Palmeri,  186. 

refracta,  186. 
Wissadnla,  296,  326. 

holosericea,  326. 

ijinrronn/ala,  326. 

pprifiloci folia,  326. 

rostrata,  326. 

Xfi/lanira,  326. 
Wulfsl.ane,  52. 

W 1  Sorrel,  364. 

W<K)d])ine,  431. 
Worm-seed  Mustard,  143. 


Xanthorrhiza,  3,  56. 

apiifolia,  56. 

siwpliclssiina,  56. 
Xatithorrhizece,3. 
Xantiioxyle.e,  370. 
Xanthoxylum,  370,  373. 
Xaitl/ioxi/litm,  375. 

alveolatum  374. 

Americanum,  373. 

aromaticum,  374. 

Cariliaium,  375. 

Caroliniunum,  374. 

Catesbiauiiiii,  374. 

Clava-Ilercnlis,  374. 

Clara-IIcrciilis,  374,  375. 

coriaceum,  375. 

cribusuiii,  375. 

Elephantiaxin,  375. 

emarti'tnatum,  375. 

Faijara,  374. 

flavum,  375. 

Floridanum,  375. 

fraxinfum,  .374. 

J'raxinifiiliii  in , ,  374. 

/tirsntiini,  374. 

inacrojdiijiluiii,  374. 

mite,  374. 

Pterota,  374. 

ramijiorum,  374, 

Texanum,  374. 

tricarpum,  374. 

Tweed ii,  374. 
Ximenia,  394. 

Americana,  394, 

mnltl flora,  394. 

ramosissima,  394. 

Yaupon,  389. 
Yeard,  383. 
Yellow  Cress,  147. 
Pond-Lily,  77, 
,  Puccoon,  56. 
Rocket,  149. 
Yellow-root,  56. 
Yellow-weed,  188. 
Yellow-wood,  373. 

Zanthorhiza,  56. 
Zanthoxiilum,  373,  374. 

ZlZYPHE.^,  401. 

Zisi/phiis,  403. 

Uumiuf/ensis,  418, 

emarc/inalits,  404, 

lijcioides,  403. 

obtusifolia,  403. 

Parr'yi,  404. 

vohdi'dis,  405. 
ZYGOPIIVLLACE^E,  3.52. 
Zi/iiiiji/ii/lltiin  ('allfornicum,  356. 

tridentatum,  356. 


